UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
  FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ýANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20162018
or
¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                         to                         
Commission file number 001-32293  
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HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Connecticut 06-0974148
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Hartford Plaza, Hartford,Griffin Road North, Windsor, Connecticut 0615506095
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(860) 547-5000(800) 862-6668
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark:Yes  No
•        if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.ý¨  ¨ý
•        if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.¨  ý
•        whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.ý  ¨
•        whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).ý  ¨
•        if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.ý  ¨
•        whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” andfiler,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer ¨
Non Accelerated filer x
Smaller reporting company ¨
     Emerging growth company ¨
•        whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)¨  ý
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨
The aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 20162018 was $0, because all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were owned by HartfordTalcott Resolution Life, Inc., a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Hartford Holdings, Inc.
As of February 24, 2017,22, 2019, there were outstanding 1,000 shares of Common Stock, $5,690 par value per share, of the registrant.
The registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (I) (1) (a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore filing this Form with the reduced disclosure format.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20162018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
ItemDescriptionPageDescriptionPage
  
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1A.
1B.
None
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Not applicable
  
5
Market for Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
6
7
7A.49
[a]
8
[b]
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None
9A.
9B.
None
  
10
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance of Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company
11
Executive Compensation
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16Form 10-K SummaryNot applicable
II-1
Exhibits IndexII-1
II-2
SignaturesII-2
[a]
The information required by this item is set forth in the Enterprise Risk Management section of Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated herein by reference.
[b]See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules elsewhere herein.
*Item prepared in accordance with General Instruction I (2) of Form 10-K.


Forward-Looking Statements
Certain of the statements contained herein are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” and similar references to future periods.
Forward-looking statements are based on ourmanagement's current expectations and assumptions regarding future economic, competitive, legislative and other developments.developments and their potential effect upon Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company (formerly "Hartford Life Insurance Company") and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. They have been made based upon management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect upon Hartford Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). Future developments may not be in line with management’s expectations or may have unanticipated effects. Actual results could differ materially from expectations, depending on the evolution of various factors, including the risks and uncertainties identified below, as well as factors described in such forward-looking statements or in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, in Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and those identified from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").
Risks Relating to Economic, Political and Global Market Conditions:
challenges related to the Company's current operating environment, including global, political, economic political, and global market conditions, and the effect of financial market disruptions, economic downturns or other potentially adverse macroeconomic developments on our products, the returns in our investment portfolios and the hedging costs associated with our run-off annuity block;
financial risk related to the continued reinvestment of our investment portfolios and performance of our hedge program for our run-off annuity block;
market risks associated with our business, including changes in credit spreads, equity prices, interest rates, market volatility and foreign exchange rates;
the impact on our investment portfolio if our investment portfolio is concentrated in any particular segment of the economy;
Insurance Industry and Product-Related Risks:
volatility in our statutory earnings and earnings calculated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“("U.S. GAAP”GAAP") and potential material changes to our results resulting from our adjustment of our risk management program to emphasize protection of statutory surplus and economic value;
the the possibility of a terrorist attack, a pandemic, or other natural or man-made disaster that may increase the Company’sCompany's mortality exposure and adversely affect its businesses;
the possibility of losses from increased life expectancy trends among policyholders receiving long-term life contingent benefit payments;
the possibility that the liability reserves for our payout annuities may be inadequate if there are medical improvements or other technological improvements that change our mortality assumptions;
the possibility of policyholders utilizing benefits within their fixed or variable annuity contracts in a manner or to a degree different than Company expectations, particularly during adverse market conditions;
Financial Strength, Credit and Counterparty Risks:
risks to our business, financial position, prospects and results associated with negative rating actions or downgrades in the Company's financial strength and credit ratings or negative rating actions or downgrades relating to our investments;
the impact on our statutory capital of various factors, including many that are outside the Company’s control, which can in turn affect our credit and financial strength ratings, cost of capital, regulatory compliance and other aspects of our business and results;
losses due to nonperformance or defaults by others, including sourcing partners, derivative counterparties and other third parties;
the potential for losses due to our reinsurers' unwillingness or inability to meet their obligations under reinsurance contracts and the availability, pricing and adequacy of reinsurance to protect the Company against losses;
regulatory limitations on the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to declare and pay dividends;

Risks Relating to Estimates, Assumptions and Valuations:
risk associated with the use of analytical models in making decisions in key areas such as capital management, hedging, and reserving;
the potential for differing interpretations of the methodologies, estimations and assumptions that underlie the Company’s fair value estimates for its investments and the evaluation of the other-than-temporary impairments on available-for-sale securities;
the potential for further acceleration in amortization of deferred policy acquisition cost amortizationthe value of the business acquired ("VOBA") and an increase in reserve for certain guaranteed benefits in our variable annuities;


the potential for valuation allowances against deferred tax assets;
Strategic and Operational Risks:
the risks associated with the run-offseparating our operations from those of our annuity book of business;former parent and establishing a stand-alone company, including increased costs related to replacing third-party arrangements previously obtained through our former parent;
the Company’s ability to maintain the availability of its systems and safeguard the security of its data in the event of a disaster, cyber or other information security incident or other unanticipated event;
the potential for difficulties arising from outsourcing and similar third-party relationships; and
the risks, challenges and uncertainties associated with The Hartford's expense reductionthe Company's initiatives and other actions, which may include acquisitions divestitures or restructurings;and divestitures;
the Company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and defend against claims of infringement;
Regulatory and Legal Risks:
the cost and other potential effects of increased regulatory and legislative developments, including those that could adversely impact the Company’s operating costs and required capital levels;
unfavorable judicial or legislative developments;
the impact of changes in federal or state tax laws;laws that could impact the tax-favored status of life and annuity contracts; and
the impact of potential changes in accounting principles and related financial reporting requirements.requirements of the liability for future policy benefits, including how we account for our long-duration insurance contracts, including the discounting of life contingent fixed annuities.
Any forward-looking statement made by the Company in this document speaks only as of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K. Factors or events that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all of them. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.


PART I
Item 1.BUSINESS
(Dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise stated)
General
Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company, formerly Hartford Life Insurance Company, (together with its subsidiaries, “HLIC”, “the Company”,“TL,” “Company,” “we” or “our”), is an indirecta provider of insurance and investment products in the United States (“U.S.”) and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Talcott Resolution Life, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("TLI"). Hopmeadow Holdings LP (“Hopmeadow Holdings", or "HHLP ”) is a parent of the Company.
On May 31, 2018 ("Talcott Acquisition Date"), the Company's former indirect parent, Hartford Holding, Inc. ("HHI") completed the sale of the Company's parent to a group of investors led by Cornell Capital LLC, Atlas Merchant Capital LLC, TRB Advisors LP, Global Atlantic Financial Group ("Global Atlantic"), Pine Brook and J. Safra Group. Although Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company is no longer affiliated with The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (“("The Hartford”Hartford") or any of its subsidiaries, The Hartford retained a 9.7 percent ownership interest in HHLP ("Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction").
On June 1, 2018, TL executed reinsurance agreements to reinsure certain fixed immediate and deferred annuity contracts, variable payout separate account annuity contracts, standard mortality structured settlements, and period certain structured settlement annuity contracts ("Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement") to Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company ("Commonwealth"), a holding companysubsidiary of Global Atlantic which is a member of the acquiring investment group. TL reinsured an 85% quota share, except 75% for standard mortality structured settlements, in exchange for a $357 ceding commission that was fixed based on reinsuring approximately $9.3 billion of reserves as of December 31, 2016, plus annuitizations through closing and annuitizations from market value adjusted annuities post-close. The reinsurance agreement was executed after the Talcott Acquisition Date and as such, the accounting for the agreement was recorded after the TL balance sheet was adjusted to fair value in purchase and pushdown accounting. A deferred gain of approximately $1 billion was recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to this reinsurance agreement and will be amortized over the life of the underlying policies reinsured.
At close, the Company had no continuing involvement in the pension and other post-employment benefits plans of The Hartford.
Subsequent to the closing, the Company will continue to write and cede to Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company ("HLA") certain group and individual benefits business. Additionally, the Company will provide administrative services for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements written by HLA that will be retained by The Hartford.
In conjunction with the sale, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with The Hartford to provide general ledger, cash management, investment accounting and information technology infrastructure services for a period of subsidiariesup to two years. These transition services are not considered a material change in internal controls as the controls are substantially similar to those that provide propertyexisted prior to the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction. The Company monitors and casualty insurance, group benefitsmaintains oversight of the control environment provided by The Hartford covering these services and considers these controls in the evaluation of our internal control environment. The Company also entered into an administrative service agreement whereby The Hartford will manage invested assets of the Company for an initial term of five years. In addition, the Company will continue to collect revenue sharing fees from The Hartford’s mutual funds business related to individual and business customersHartford HLS funds held in the United States. HLIC is the primary insurance company supporting the business of The Hartford’s Talcott Resolution segment. The Company previously sold fixed and variable annuities, individual life insurance, retirement plans, institutional investment products, private placement life insurance and group life and disability products. In 2013, the Company sold its retirement plans business and substantially all of its individual life business via reinsurance transactions. The Hartford no longer sells any of the products previously underwritten by the Company.Company’s separate accounts.
Organization
The Company's mission is to profitably grow and efficiently manage the run-off of the business while honoring the Company's obligations to its contractholders. The Company manages approximately 774651 thousand annuity contracts with retained account value of approximately $64$42 billion and private placement life insurance with account value of approximately $41$42 billion as of December 31, 2016.2018.
The Company’s results of operations are primarily influenced by the financial results of the variable and fixed annuity, institutional investment and private placement products as well as the capital gain and loss activity associated with the Company’s variable annuity hedging program. Total assets and total stockholder’s equity were $170.3$150.1 billion and $7.8$2.0 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2016.2018.
The Company previously sold fixed and variable annuities, individual life insurance, retirement plans, institutional investment products, private placement life insurance and group life and group and individual disability benefits. In 2013, the Company sold its retirement plans business and substantially all of its individual life business via reinsurance transactions.

The individual annuity business in run-off includes both variable and fixed annuities with many contracts in an asset accumulation phase before the contract reaches the payout or annuitization phase. Most of the Company's variable annuity contracts sold to individuals provide a guaranteed minimum death benefit ("GMDB") during the accumulation period that is generally equal to the greater of (a) the contract value at death or (b) premium payments less any prior withdrawals and may include adjustments that increase the benefit, such as for maximum anniversary value ("MAV"). In addition, some of the variable annuity contracts provide a guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit ("GMWB") whereby if the account value is reduced to a specified level through a combination of market declines and withdrawals, the contract holder is entitled to a guaranteed remaining balance ("GRB"), which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. Many policyholders with a GMDB also have a GMWB. These benefits are not additive. Policyholders that have a product with both guarantees can receive, at most, the greater of the GMDB or GMWB.
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Principal Products and Services
Variable AnnuityRepresents variable insurance contracts entered into between the Company and an individual policyholder. Products provide a current or future income stream based on the value of the individual's contract at annuitization, and can include a variety of guaranteed minimum death and withdrawal benefits.
Fixed AnnuityFixed Annuities represent fixed insurance contracts entered into between the Company and an individual policyholder. Products guarantee a minimum rate of interest and fixed amount of periodic payments.
Payout AnnuityThese are primarily in the form of structured settlements and terminal funding agreements. Structured settlements are contracts that provide periodic payments to claimants in settlement of a claim, a portion of which is related to the Company's settlement of property and casualty insurance claims from The Hartford. Terminal funding agreements are single premium group annuities, most typically purchased by companies to fund pension plan liabilities. These also include single premium immediate payouts, deferred and matured contracts.
Private Placement Life InsuranceRepresents variable life insurance policies that have a cash value which appreciates based on investment performance of funds held and includes individual high net worth and Corporate Owned Life Insurance ("COLI")
Reserves
The Company and its insurance subsidiaries establish and carry as liabilities, reserves for its insurance products to estimate for the following:
account value is a liability equal to the balance that accrues to the benefit of the life and annuity insurance policyholder as of the consolidated financial statement date, otherwise known as the account value;a point in time;
a liability for future policy benefits, representing the present value of future benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders less the present value of future estimated net premiums;
a liability for unpaid losses, including those that have been incurred but not yet reported or are in the course of settlement as well as estimates of all expenses associated with processing and settling these claims;
fair value reserves for living benefits embedded derivative guarantees; and
death and living benefit reserves which are computed based on a percentage of revenues less actual claim costs.
ReserveThe reserve for future policy benefits areis calculated based on actuarially recognized methods using morbidity and mortality tables, which are modified to reflect the Company’s actual experience when appropriate. Liabilities for unpaid losses include estimates of amounts to fully settle known reported claims as well as claims related to insured events that the Company estimates have been incurred but have not yet been reported. Liabilities for future policy benefits, less the present value of future estimated net premiums and with interest thereon compounded annually at certain assumed rates, are calculated at amounts that are expected to be sufficient to meet the Company’s policy obligations at their maturities or in the event of the death, disability, or deathsurvival of an insured. Other insurance liabilities include those for unearned premiums and benefits in excess of account value. Reserves for assumed reinsurance are computed in a manner that is comparable to direct insurance reserves.
Reinsurance
The Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the risk transfer of its reinsurance contracts,regularly monitors the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers and concentrations of credit risk.structures agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary. Reinsurance accounting is followed for ceded transactions that provide indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk (i.e. risk transfer). If the ceded transactions do not provide risk transfer, the Company accounts for these transactions as financing transactions. The Company’s procedures include careful initial selection of its reinsurers, structuring agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary, and regularly monitoring the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers.


Investment Operations
The majority of the Company’s investment portfolios are managed by Hartford Investment Management Company (“HIMCO”). HIMCO manages the Company's portfolios to maximize economic value, and generate the returns necessary to support the Company’s various product obligations, within internally established objectives, guidelines and risk tolerances. The portfolio objectives and guidelines are developed based upon the asset/liability profile, including duration, convexity and other characteristics within specified risk tolerances. The risk tolerances considered include, but are not limited to, asset sector, credit issuer allocation limits and maximum portfolio limits for below investment grade holdings. The Company attempts to minimize adverse impacts to the portfolio and the Company’s results of operations from changes in economic conditions through asset diversification, asset allocation limits, asset/liability duration matching and through the use of derivatives. For further discussion of HIMCO’s portfolio management approach, see Part II, Item 7, MD&A – Enterprise Risk Management. Following the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, HIMCO will continue to manage invested assets of the Company for an initial term of five years.
Enterprise Risk Management
The Company has insurance, operational and financial risks. For a discussion on how The Hartfordthe Company manages these risks, see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Enterprise Risk Management.
RegulationRegulations
State Insurance Department Regulation. State insurance laws are intended to supervise and regulate insurers with the goal of protecting policyholders and ensuring the solvency of the insurers. As such, the insurance laws and regulations grant broad authority to state insurance departments (the “Departments”) to oversee and regulate the business of insurance. The Departments monitor the financial stability of an insurer by requiring insurers to maintain certain solvency standards and minimum capital and surplus requirements; invested asset requirements; state deposits of securities; guaranty fund premiums;premiums and assessments to cover certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies; restrictions on the size of risks which may be insured under a single policy; and adequate reserves and other necessary provisions for unearned premiums, unpaidbenefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses and other liabilities, both reported and unreported. In addition, the Departments perform periodic market and financial examinations of insurers and require insurers to file annual and other reports on the financial condition of the companies. Policyholder protection is also regulated by the Departments through licensing of insurers, agents and brokers and others; approval of premium rates and policy forms; claims administration requirements; and maintenance of minimum rates for accumulation of surrender values.
Many states also have laws regulating insurance holding company systems. These laws require insurance companies, which are formed and chartered in the state (referred to as “domestic insurers”), to register with the state department of insurance (referred to as their “domestic state or regulator”) and file information concerning the operations of companies within the holding company system that may materially affect the operations, management or financial condition of the insurers within the system. Insurance holding company regulations principally relate to (i) state insurance approval of the acquisition of domestic insurers, (ii) prior review or approval of certain transactions between the domestic insurer and its affiliates, and (iii) regulation of dividends made by the domestic insurer. All transactions within a holding company system affecting domestic insurers must be determined to be fair and equitable.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), the organization that works to promote standardization of best practices and assists state insurance regulatory authorities and insurers, conducted the “Solvency Modernization Initiative,”Initiative” (the “Solvency Initiative” ).). The effort focused on reviewing the U.S. financial regulatory system and financial regulation affecting insurance

companies including: (1) capital requirements; (2) corporate governance and risk management; (3) group supervision; (4) statutory accounting and financial reporting; and (5) reinsurance. As a result of the Solvency Initiative, among other items, the NAIC adopted the Corporate Governance Annual Disclosure Model Act, , which was enacted by the Company’s lead domestic state of Connecticut..Connecticut. The model law requires insurers to make an annual confidential filing regarding their corporate governance policies commencing in 2016.policies. In addition, the NAIC adopted the Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment Model Act (“ORSA”), which also has been adopted by Connecticut. ORSA requires insurers to maintain a risk management framework and conduct an internal risk and solvency assessment of the insurer’s material risks in normal and stressed environments. Many state insurance holding company laws, including those of Connecticut, have also been amended to require insurers to file an annual confidential enterprise risk report with their lead domestic regulator, disclosing material risks within the entire holding company system that could pose an enterprise risk to the insurer.
TheFederal Regulation. Prior to the Company going into run off in 2012, the Company sold variable life insurance, variable annuity, and some fixed guaranteed products that are “securities” registered with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Some of the products have separate accounts that are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and/or are regulated by state law. Separate account investment products are also subject to state insurance regulation. Moreover, each registered separate account is divided into sub-accounts, each of which invests in an underlying mutual fund that is also registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act.

Privacy Regulation. Moreover, federal law and the laws of many states require financial institutions to protect the security and confidentiality of customer information and to notify customers about their policies and practices relating to collection and disclosure of customer information and their policies relating to protecting the security and confidentiality of that information. Federal law and the laws of many states also regulate disclosures and disposal of customer information. Congress, state legislatures, and regulatory authorities are expected to consider additional regulation relating to privacy and other aspects of customer information.
Failure to comply with federal and state laws and regulations may result in fines, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or suspension, termination or limitation of the activities of our operations and/or our employees.



Intellectual Property
The HartfordCompany relies on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our intellectual property.
The HartfordCompany has a trademark portfolio that we consider important in the marketing of our products and services, including, among others, the trademarks of The Hartford name, the Stag logo and the combination of these two trademarks.Talcott name. The duration of trademark registrations may be renewed indefinitely subject to country-specific use and registration requirements. We regard our trademarks as extremely valuable assets in marketing our products and services and vigorously seek to protect them against infringement. In addition, we own a number of patents and patent applications, some of which may be important to our business operations. Patents are of varying duration depending on filing date, and will typically expire at the end of their natural term.
Employees
At December 31, 2018, the Company had no direct employees. The Company's operations are managed by employees of its parent, TLI, and the costs of these services are allocated to the Company through an intercompany services and cost allocation agreement.
Available Information
The Company's Internet address is www.talcottresolution.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available, without charge, on the financial statement sections of our website https://www.talcottresolution.com/financialinformation.html as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. Reports filed with the SEC may be viewed at www.sec.gov or obtained at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. References in this report to our website address are provided only as a convenience and do not constitute, and should not be viewed as, an incorporation by reference of the information contained on, or available through, the website. Therefore, such information should not be considered part of this report.


Item 1A.RISK FACTORS
In deciding whether to invest in securities of the Company, you should carefully consider the following risk factors,risks, any of which could have ana material adverse effect on theour business, financial condition, results of operations,operation, or liquidity of the Company. These risks are not exclusive, and additional risks to which we are subject include, but are not limited to, the factors mentioned under “Forward-Looking Statements” above and the risks of our businesses described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following risk factors have been organized by category for ease of use, however many of the risks may have impacts in more than one category. The occurrence of certain of them may, in turn, cause the emergence or exacerbate the effect of others. Such a combination could materially increase the severity of the impact of these risks on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Risks Relating to Economic, Political and Global Market Conditions
Unfavorable economic, political and global market conditions may adversely impact our business and results of operations.
The Company’s investment portfolio and insurance liabilities are sensitive to changes in economic, political and global capital market conditions, such as the effect of a weak economy and changes in credit spread,spreads, equity interestprices and interest rates. Weak economic conditions, such as high unemployment, low labor force participation, lower family income, a weak real estate market, lower business investment and lower consumer spending, may impact the Company's profitability and may affect policyholder behavior such asin a manner that results in increased full and partial surrender rates. In addition, the Company’s investment portfolio includes limited partnerships and other alternative investments for which changes in value are reported in earnings. These investments may be adversely impacted by political turmoil and economic volatility, including real estate market deterioration, which could impact our net investment returns and result in an adverse impact on operating results.
Below are several key factors impacted by changes in economic, political, and global market conditions and their potential effect on the Company’s business and results of operation:
Credit Spread Risk- Credit spread exposure is reflected in the market prices of fixed income instruments where lower rated securities generally trade at a higher credit spread. If issuer credit spreads increase or widen, the market value of our investment portfolio may decline. If the credit spread widening is significant and occurs over an extended period of time, the Company may recognize other-than-temporary impairments, resulting in decreased earnings. If the credit spread tightens significantly,spreads tighten, the Company’s net investment income associated with new purchases of fixed maturities may be reduced. In addition, the value of credit derivatives under which the Company assumes exposure or purchases protection are impacted by changes in credit spreads, with losses occurring when credit spreads widen for assumed exposure or when credit spreads tighten if credit protection has been purchased.
Our statutory surplus is also affected by widening credit spreads as a result of the accounting for the assets and liabilities on our fixed market value adjusted (“MVA”) annuities.annuities and in certain of our terminal funding contracts. Statutory separate account assets supporting the fixed MVA annuities are recorded at fair value. In determining the statutory reserve for the fixed MVA annuity payments we owe contract-holders, we are required to use current crediting rates. In many capital market scenarios, current crediting rates are highly correlated with market rates implicit in the fair value of statutory separate account assets. As a result, the change in the statutory reserve from period to period will likely substantially offset the change in the fair value of the statutory separate account assets. However, in periods of volatile credit markets, actual credit spreads on investment assets may increase sharply for certain sub-sectors of the overall credit market, resulting in statutory separate account asset market value losses. As actual credit spreads are not fully reflected in current crediting rates, the calculation of statutory reserves may not substantially offset the change in fair value of the statutory separate account assets, resulting in reductions in statutory surplus. This may result in the need to devote significant additional capital to support the fixed MVA product.
Equity Markets Risk - A decline in equity markets may result in lower earnings from our operations where fee income is earned based upon the fair value of the assets under management. A decline in equity markets may also decrease the value of equity securities and limited partnerships and other alternative investments held in the Company’s general account portfolio, thereby negatively impacting our financial condition or reported earnings. In addition, certain of our annuity products have guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB")GMDBs or guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits ("GMWB") thatGMWBs. Expected claims related to these guarantees increase when equity markets decline requiring us to hold more statutory capital. While our hedging assets seek to reduce the statutory surplus impact and net economic sensitivity of our potential obligations from guaranteed benefits to market fluctuations, because of the accounting asymmetries between our hedging targets and statutory and GAAP accounting principles for our guaranteed benefits, rising equity markets and/or rising interest rates may result in statutory or GAAP losses.


Interest Rate Risk - Global economic conditions may result in the persistence of a low interest rate environment which would continue to pressure our net investment income and could result in lower margins and lower estimated gross profits on certain products. Due to the long-term nature of the Company's liabilities, such as structured settlements and guaranteed benefits on variable annuities, declines in interest rates over an extended period of time would result in our having to reinvest at lower reinvestment yields, increased hedging costs, reduced spreads on our annuity products and greater capital volatility. On the other hand, a rise in interest rates, in the absence of other countervailing changes, would reduce the market value of our investment portfolio and, if long-term interest rates were to rise dramatically, certain of our products might be exposed to

disintermediation risk. Disintermediation risk refers to the risk that our policyholders may surrender their contracts in a rising interest rate environment, requiring us to liquidate assets in an unrealized loss position. A decline in market value of invested assets due to an increase in interest rates could also limit our ability to realize tax benefits from previously recognized capital losses.
Concentration of our investment portfolio increases the potential for significant losses.
The concentration of our investment portfolios in any particular industry, collateral type, group of related industries or geographic sector could have an adverse effect on our investment portfolios and consequently on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. Events or developments that have a negative impact on any particular industry, collateral type, group of related industries or geographic region may have a greater adverse effect on our investment portfolio to the extent thatthan if the portfolio is concentrated rather thanwere more diversified. Further, if issuers of securities or loans we hold are acquired, merge or otherwise consolidate with other issuers of securities or loans held by the Company, our investment portfolio’s credit concentration risk to issuers could increase, for a period of time,at least until the Company is able to sell securities to get back in compliance with the established investment credit policies.
Insurance Industry and Product Related Risks
We are vulnerable to losses from catastrophes, both natural and man-made.
Our operations are exposed to risk of loss from both natural and man-made catastrophes associated with pandemics, terrorist attacks and other events that could significantly increase our mortality exposures. Claims arising from such events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity, either directly or as a result of their effect on our reinsurers or other counterparties. In addition, the continued threat of terrorism and the occurrence of terrorist attacks, as well as heightened security measures and military action in response to these threats, may cause significant volatility in global financial markets, which could have an adverse effect on the value of the assets in our investment portfolio and in our separate accounts.
Our program to manage interest rate and equity risk related to our variable annuity guaranteed benefits may be ineffective which could result in statutory and GAAP volatility in our earnings and potentially material charges to net income.
Some of our in-force business, especially variable annuities, offer guaranteed benefits, including GMDBs and GMWBs. These GMDBs and GMWBs expose the Company to interest rate risk and significant equity risk. A decline in equity markets would not only result in lower fee income, but would also increase our exposure to liability for benefit claims. We use reinsurance and benefit designs, such as caps, to mitigate the exposure associated with GMDB.GMDBs. We also use reinsurance in combination with product management actions, such as rider fee increases, investment restrictions and buyout offers, as well as derivative instruments to attempt to minimize the claim exposure and to reduce the volatility of net income associated with the GMWB liability. We remain liable for the guaranteed benefits in the event that reinsurers or derivative counterparties are unable or unwilling to pay, which could result in a need for additional capital to support in-force business.
From time to time, we may adjust our risk management program based on contracts in force, market conditions, or other factors. While we believe that these actions improve the efficiency of our risk management related to these benefits, changes to the risk management program may result in greater statutory and GAAP earnings volatility and, based upon the types of hedging instruments used, can result in potentially material charges to net income (loss) in periods of rising equity market pricing levels, higher interest rates and declines in volatility. We are also subject to the risk that these management actions prove ineffective or that unanticipated policyholder behavior, combined with adverse market events, produces economic losses beyond the scope of the risk management techniques employed, which individually or collectively may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Unanticipated policyholder behavior, combined with adverse market events, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
In general, policyholder behavior risk can be thought of as how efficiently policyholders are utilizing the options embedded within their contracts, especially during adverse market conditions when benefit guarantees are more likely to be more valuable.  These options may include but are not limited to lapses, the timing and/or amount of partial withdrawals, utilization of features available through withdrawal benefit riders, and utilization of investment options.  Unanticipated policyholder behavior, combined with adverse market events, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.


Our payout annuity liabilities could prove to be inadequate if there are substantial medical improvements or other fundamental changes in the life expectancies of our annuitants.
Our payout annuity liabilities are calculated using assumptions for mortality rates and improvement rates in mortality. If there is a substantial medical breakthrough that materially changes the life expectancies of our annuitants, liability reserves for our payout annuities may prove to be inadequate, especially with respect to our terminal funding, single premium immediate annuities and structured settlements books of business. This change in future mortality rates could also impact our variable annuities with lifetime GMWBs.
Financial Strength, Credit and Counterparty Risks
The amount of statutory capital that we must hold to maintain our financial strength and credit ratings and meet other requirements can vary significantly from time to time and is sensitive to a number of factors outside of our control.
As a licensed insurance company, we are subject to statutory accounting standards and statutory capital and reserve requirements prescribed by insurance regulators and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). The minimum capital we must hold is based on risk-based capital (“RBC”) formulas for life companies. The RBC formula for life companies establishes capital requirements relating to insurance, business, asset and interest rate risks, including equity, interest rate and expense recovery risks associated with variable annuities and group annuities that contain death benefits or certain withdrawal benefits.risks.
In any particular year, statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios may increase or decrease depending on a variety of factors, including:
the amount of statutory income or losses we generate,
changes to statutory liabilities,
changes in future cash flows,
the amount of additional capital we must hold,
the amount of dividends made to our parent company,
changes in equity market levels,
the value of certain fixed-income and equity securities in our investment portfolio,
the value of certain derivative instruments,
changes in interest rates,
changes to federal tax laws,
admissibility of deferred tax assets, and
changes to the NAIC RBC formulas.
Most of these factors are outside of the Company's control. The Company's financial strength and credit ratings are significantly influenced by the our statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios. In addition, rating agencies may implement changes to their internal models that have the effect of increasing the amount of statutory capital we must hold in order to maintain our current ratings. Also, in extreme scenarios of equity market declines and other capital market volatility, the amount of additional statutory reserves that we are required to hold for our variable annuity guarantees increases at a greater than linear rate. This reduces the statutory surplus used in calculating our RBC ratios. When equity markets increase, surplus levels and RBC ratios would generally be expected to increase. However, as a result of a number of factors and market conditions, including the level of hedging costs and other risk transfer activities, statutory reserve requirements for death and withdrawal benefit guarantees and increases in RBC requirements, surplus and RBC ratios may not increase when equity markets increase. Due
Moreover, the NAIC is considering modifications to theseseveral components of its risk-based capital formula, including C-1 factors projecting statutory capitalfor asset risk, C-2 factors for annuitant longevity risk, the C3 Phase 2 formula for variable annuities, and the related RBC ratiosC3 Phase 1 formula for fixed annuities. The details and timing of the implementation of these changes are uncertain, but should they be adopted, they are likely to increase the required capital for the Company.
The Company is complex.also rated as a run-off operation, which translates into a lower rating than a similarly capitalized company not in run-off. If our statutory capital resources are insufficient to maintain a particular rating and if The Hartfordwe were not to raise additional capital, either at its discretion or because it was unable to do so, our financial strength and credit ratings might be downgraded by one or more rating agencies. Downgrades below certain thresholds could trigger counterparty rights to require us to assign certain of our products to other carriers or to terminate reinsurance treaties. Downgrades in the Company's RBC ratio or downgrades in our financial strength or credit ratings below certain contractual thresholds could also begin to trigger potentially materialresult in additional collateral callsrequirements on certain of our derivative instruments and counterparty rights to terminate derivative relationships, both of which could limit our ability to purchase additional derivative instruments. The occurrence of certain of these downgrade events could have an adverse material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Losses due to nonperformance or defaults by counterparties can have a material adverse effect on the value of our investments, reduce our profitability or sources of liquidity.
We have credit risk with counterparties on investments, derivatives, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables. Among others, our counterparties include issuers of fixed maturity and equity securities we hold, borrowers of mortgage loans we hold, customers, trading counterparties, counterparties under swaps and other derivative contracts, reinsurers, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses and other financial intermediaries and guarantors. These counterparties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, insolvency, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure, fraud, government intervention and other reasons. In addition, for exchange-traded derivatives, such as futures, options and "cleared" over-the-counter derivatives, the Company is generally exposed to the credit risk of the relevant central counterparty clearing house. Defaults by these counterparties on their obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on the value of our investments, business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Additionally, if the underlying assets supporting the structured securities we invest in default on their payment obligations, our securities will incur losses.


The availability of reinsurance and our ability to recover under reinsurance contracts may not be sufficient to protect us against losses.
As an insurer, we frequently use reinsurance to reduce the effect of losses that may arise from among other things, GMDBs under variable annuity contracts, and other risksbusinesses that can cause unfavorable results of operations or adversely affect the sale of a line of business to an independent company.operations. Under these reinsurance arrangements, other insurers assume a portion of our losses and related expenses; however, we remain liable as the direct insurer on all risks reinsured. Consequently, ceded reinsurance arrangements do not eliminate our obligation to pay claims, and we are subject to our reinsurers' credit risk with respect to our ability to recover amounts due from them. The inability or unwillingness of any reinsurer to meet its financial obligations to us, including the impact of any insolvency or rehabilitation proceedings involving a reinsurer that could affect the Company's access to collateral held in trust, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. This risk may be magnified by a concentration of reinsurance-related credit risk resulting from the sale of the Company’s Individual Life and Retirement Products businesses.businesses and the Annuity Reinsurance Agreement with Commonwealth. Further details of such concentration can be found in Part II,I, Item 7,2, MD&A - Enterprise Risk Management - Reinsurance.Reinsurance Risk.
Further, due to the inherent uncertainties as to collection and the length of time before reinsurance recoverables will be due, it is possible that future adjustments to the Company’s reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance, could be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarterly or annual period.
Our ability to declare and pay dividends is subject to limitations.
Connecticut state laws limit the payment of dividends and require notice to and approval by the state insurance commissioner for the declaration or payment of dividends above certain levels. As a result of the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Connecticut Department of Insurance ("CTDOI") would need to approve any declaration of dividends prior to May 31, 2020.
Dividends paid from our operations and that of our insurance subsidiaries are further dependent on each insurer’s cash requirements. In addition, in the event of our liquidation or reorganization or that of a subsidiary, prior creditor claims may take precedence over our parent’s right to a dividend or distribution except to the extent that our parent may be a creditor of ours or of one of our subsidiaries.
Risks Relating to Estimates, Assumptions and Valuations
Actual results could materially differ from the analytical models we use to assist our decision making in key areas such as capital management, hedging, and reserving.
We use models to help make decisions related to, among other things, capital management, reserving, investments, hedging, and reinsurance. Both proprietary and third party models we use incorporate numerous assumptions and forecasts about the future level and variability of interest rates, capital requirements, currency exchange rates, policyholder behavior, mortality/longevity, equity markets and inflation, among others. The models are subject to the inherent limitations of any statistical analysis as the historical internal and industry data and assumptions used in the models may not be indicative of what will happen in the future. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from our modeled results. The profitability and financial condition of the Company substantially depends on the extent to which our actual experience is consistent with assumptions we use in our models and ultimate model outputs. If, based upon these models or other factors, our estimates of capital adequacy or the risks we are exposed to prove to be materially inaccurate, our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity may be adversely affected.
The valuation of our securities and investments and the determination of allowances and impairments are highly subjective and based on methodologies, estimations and assumptions that are subject to differing interpretations and market conditions.
Estimated fair values of the Company’s investments are based on available market information and judgments about financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of the issuer or

counterparty. During periods of market disruption, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities if trading becomes less frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were in active markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the financial environment. In addition, there may be certain securities whose fair value is based on one or more unobservable inputs, even during normal market conditions. As a result, the determination of the fair values of these securities may include inputs and assumptions that require more estimation and management judgment and the use of complex valuation methodologies. These fair values may differ materially from the value at which the investments may be ultimately sold. Further, rapidly changing or unprecedented credit and equity market conditions could materially impact the valuation of securities and the period-to-period changes in value could vary significantly. Decreases in value could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
Similarly, management’s decision on whether to record an other-than-temporary impairment or write down is subject to significant judgments and assumptions regarding changes in general economic conditions, the issuer's financial condition or future recovery prospects, estimated future cash flows, the effects of changes in interest rates or credit spreads, the expected recovery period and the accuracy of third party information used in internal assessments. As a result, management’s evaluations and assessments are highly judgmental and its projections of future cash flows over the life of certain securities may ultimately prove incorrect as facts and circumstances change.


If assumptions used in estimating future gross profits differ from actual experience, we may be required to accelerate the amortization of DACthe value of the business acquired (VOBA) and increase reserves for GMDB and GMWB on variable annuities, which could adversely affect our results of operation.
The Company has deferred acquisition costsestablished VOBA associated with the prior salesexpected future profits of its variable annuity products. Deferred acquisition costs for the variable annuity products areThis VOBA is amortized over the expected life of the variable annuity contracts. The remaining deferred but not yet amortized cost is referred to as the DACVOBA asset. We amortize these costs based on the ratio of actual gross profits in the period to the present value of current and future estimated gross profits (“EGPs”). The Company evaluates the EGPs compared to the DACVOBA asset to determine if an impairment exists. The Company also establishes reserves for GMDB and the life contingent portion of GMWB using components of EGPs. The projection of EGPs, or components of EGPs, requires the use of certain assumptions that may not prove accurate, including those related to changes in the separate account fund returns, full or partial surrender rates, mortality, withdrawal benefit utilization, withdrawal rates, annuitization, policy maintenance expenses, and hedging costs.
In addition, if our assumptions about policyholder behavior (e.g., full or partial surrenders, benefit utilization and annuitization) and costs related to mitigating risks, including hedging costs, prove to be inaccurate or if significant or sustained equity market declines occur, we could be required to accelerate the amortization of DACVOBA related to variable annuity contracts, and increase reserves for GMDB and life-contingent GMWB which would result in a charge to net income.
If our businesses do not perform well, we may be required to establish a valuation allowance against the deferred income tax asset.
Our income tax expense includesmay include deferred income taxes arising from temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and carry-forwards for foreign tax credits, capital losses, and net operating losses and alternative minimum tax credits.losses. Deferred tax assets are assessed periodicallyquarterly by management to determine if it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized. Factors in management's determination include the performance of the business, including the ability to generate, from a variety of sources and tax planning strategies, sufficient future taxable income and capital gains before net operating loss and capital loss carry-forwards expire. If based on available information, it is more likely than not that we are unable to recognize a full tax benefit on deferred tax assets, then a valuation allowance will be established with a corresponding charge to net income (loss). Charges to increase our valuation allowance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Strategic and Operational Risks
As The Hartford’s Talcott Resolution segment continues to run-off,Company may be unsuccessful in separating our operations from those of our former parent in a timely and cost effective manner, which could negatively impact the Company is exposed to a number of risks related to the run-off business that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.operation of the Company, and there may be opportunity costs associated with our separation from our former parent.
Despite being in run-off,The Talcott Resolution represents a meaningful share of The Hartford’s earnings. Talcott Resolution’s revenues and earnings will decline over time as variable and fixed annuity policies lapse. While the Company has been reducing expensesSale Transaction involves risks, including difficulties associated with the Talcott Resolution business asseparation of our operations, services and personnel from our former parent and the revenues from that business decline, going forward it may become more difficult to reduce expenses, particularly corporate and other enterprise shared services costs, and this could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.
Further, while The Hartford continues to actively consider alternatives for reducing the size and riskstand-up of the annuity bookCompany as an independent entity (the “Separation”). There can be no certainty that all risks associated with the Separation are known or that management will be able to mitigate all such risks. Difficulties associated with the Separation may include expanding our infrastructure to support our operations, the diversion of management’s attention from our business, opportunities to do so may be limitedthe potential loss of key employees, operational disruptions, regulatory scrutiny, greater reliance on third-party service providers, increased potential for a cybersecurity breach, and re-negotiation of service agreements, any initiatives pursued may not achieve the anticipated benefits and may negatively impact our statutory capital, net income, core earnings or shareholders’ equity. The Hartford could pursue transactions or other strategic options to reduce the size and risk of Talcott Resolution's annuity book of business which could result in a significant lossmaterial adverse effect to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, Talcott Resolution Life, Inc. ("TLI"), the Company's parent, has entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the “Transition Services Agreement”) with Hartford Fire Insurance Company (“HFIC”), a subsidiary

of The Hartford, under which HFIC and its affiliates will provide certain services to TLI and its affiliates, including the Company. The services to be provided pursuant to the Company.Transition Services Agreement include certain operational, information technology, compliance, communication and marketing, investment portfolio management, accounting and other services that HFIC will provide TLI for agreed-upon fees. If we are unsuccessful in expanding our infrastructure to the extent necessary to fully transition these services to the Company on a timely and cost efficient basis as part of our Separation, our results of operation and financial condition could be adversely impacted.
The Company has begun to make infrastructure investments in order to operate without the same access to The Hartford’s existing operational and administrative infrastructure; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to establish and expand its operations and infrastructure to the desired extent or in the time or at the costs anticipated, or without disrupting our ongoing business operations in a material way. In addition, our business has benefited from The Hartford’s purchasing power when procuring goods and services. As a standalone company, the Company may be unable to obtain such goods and services at comparable prices or on terms as favorable as those obtained prior to the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, which could decrease our overall profitability.
Our businesses may suffer and we may incur substantial costs if we are unable to access our systems and safeguard the security of our data in the event of a disaster, cyber breach or other information security incident.
We use technology to process, store, retrieve, evaluate and utilize customer and company data and information. Our information technology and telecommunications systems, in turn, interface with and rely upon third-party systems. We and our third party vendors must be able to access our systems to process premium payments, make changes to existing policies, file and pay claims and administer variablelife and annuity products, provide customer support, manage our investment portfolios and hedge programs, report on financial results and perform other necessary business functions.
Systems failures or outages could compromise our ability to perform these business functions in a timely manner, which could harm our ability to conduct business and hurt our relationships with our business partners and customers. In the event of a disaster such as a natural catastrophe, a pandemic, an industrial accident, a cyber-attack, a blackout, a terrorist attack (including conventional, nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological) or war, systems upon which we rely may be inaccessible to our employees, customers or business partners for an extended period of time. Even if our employees and business partners are able to report to work, they may be unable to perform their duties for an extended period of time if our data or systems used to conduct our business are disabled or destroyed.


Our systems have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access, cyber-attacks or other computer related penetrations. The frequency and sophistication of such threats continue to increase as well. While, to date, the Company is not aware of having experienced a material breach of our cyber securitycybersecurity systems, administrative and technical controls as well as other preventive actions may be insufficient to prevent physical and electronic break-ins, denial of service, cyber-attacks or other security breaches to our systems or those of third parties with whom we do business. Such an event could compromise our confidential information as well as that of our clients and third parties, impede or interrupt our business operations and result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, loss of revenue, additional regulatory scrutiny and litigation and reputational damage. In addition, we routinely transmit to third parties personal, confidential and proprietary information, which may be related to employees and customers, by email and other electronic means, along with receiving and storing such information on our systems. Although we attempt to keep suchprotect privileged and confidential information, confidential, we may be unable to secure the information in all events, especially with clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties who may not have appropriate controls to protect confidential information.
Furthermore, certain of ourOur businesses must comply with regulations to control the privacy of customer, employee and third party data.data, and state and federal regulations regarding data privacy are becoming increasingly more complex. A misuse or mishandling of confidential or proprietary information could result in legal liability, regulatory action and reputational harm.
Third parties, including third party administrators, are also subject to cyber-breaches of confidential information, along with the other risks outlined above, any one of which may result in our incurring substantial costs and other negative consequences, including a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. While we maintain cyber liability insurance that provides both third party liability and first party insurance coverages, our insurance may not be sufficient to protect against all loss.
Performance problems due to outsourcing and other third-party relationships may compromise our ability to conduct business.
We outsource certain business and administrative functions and rely on third-party vendors to perform certain functions or provide certain services on our behalf and have a significant number of ITinformation technology and business processes outsourced with a single vendor. If we are unable to reach agreement in the negotiation of agreementscontracts or renewals with certain third-party providers, or if such third-party providers experience disruptions or do not perform as anticipated, we may we may be unable to meet our obligations to customers and claimants, and incur higher costs which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For other risks associated with our outsourcing of certain functions, see the immediately preceding risk factor.

The Hartford's ability to execute on its expense reduction initiatives andCompany may pursue one or more transactions or take other actions, which may include pursuing strategic acquisitions or divestitures or restructurings, isother strategic initiatives, any of which could subject the Company to materiala number of challenges, uncertainties and risks.risks or negatively impact the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
The Hartford's initiative to reduce expenses so that its ongoing businesses, along with the Company's run-off businesses, remainWe may pursue one or become cost efficientmore transactions or take other actions, which may not be successfulinclude pursuing strategic acquisitions or divestitures or other strategic transactions. Because these transactions involve a number of challenges, uncertainties and The Hartfordrisks, we may not be able to reduce corporateconsummate any such transaction or, if concluded, achieve some or all of the benefits that we expected to derive from it. Pursuit of these initiatives may also, among other things, result in a loss of employees or clients, negatively affect policyholder behavior or result in potentially adverse capital, ratings or tax consequences. In addition, the completion of an acquisition may require use of our capital and shared services expenses in the manner and on the schedule it currently anticipates. The Hartford may take further actions beyond the capital management plan, which may include acquisitions, divestitures or restructurings, that may involve difficulty integrating acquired businesses into our existing operations. Moreover, completion of an acquisition, divestiture or other strategic initiative may require regulatory approvals or other third-party approvals, and such approvals may not be able to be obtained or may involve significant additional uncertaintiescost, time, regulatory capital commitments and risksother regulatory conditions and obligations. There can be no assurances that negatively impactwe will manage acquisitions and dispositions or other strategic initiatives successfully, that strategic opportunities will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all, or that we will be able to consummate desired transactions. As a result of any of the foregoing, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.liquidity could be negatively impacted.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.
We rely on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our intellectual property. Although we use a broad range of measures to protect our intellectual property rights, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. We may have to litigate to enforce and protect our intellectual property and to determine its scope, validity or enforceability, which could divert significant resources and may not prove successful. Litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights may not be successful and cost a lot of money. The inability to secure or enforce the protection of our intellectual property assets could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to compete. We also may be subject to costly litigation in the event that another party alleges our operations or activities infringe upon their intellectual property rights, including patent rights, or violate license usage rights. Any such intellectual property claims and any resulting litigation could result in significant expense and liability for damages, and in some circumstances we could be enjoined from providing certain products or services to our customers, or utilizing and benefiting from certain patent, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or licenses, or alternatively could be required to enter into costly licensing arrangements with third parties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.


Regulatory and Legal Risks
Regulatory and legislative developments could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
In the U.S., state and federal regulatory initiatives and legislative developments may significantly affect our operations in ways that we cannot predict.
For example, potential repealThe Company and replacementits insurance subsidiaries are regulated by the insurance departments of the Affordable Care Act and modification of the Dodd-Frank Act could have unanticipated consequences for The Hartford and its businesses. With respectstates in which we are domiciled, licensed or authorized to the potential repeal and replacement of the Affordable Care Act, see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Capital Resources and Liquidity - Contingencies - Regulatory and Legal Developments.
The Dodd-Frank Act was enacted on July 21, 2010, mandating changes to the regulation of the financial services industry that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The Dodd-Frank Act requires central clearing of certain derivatives transactions and greater margin requirements for those transactions, which increases the costs of our hedging program. In addition, the proprietary trading and market making limitation of the Volcker Rule could adversely affect the pricing and liquidity of our investment securities and limitations of banking entity involvement in and ownership of certain asset-backed securities transactions could adversely affect the market for insurance-linked securities, including catastrophe bonds. It is unclear whether and to what extent Congress will make changes to the Dodd-Frank Act, and how those changes might impact The Hartford, its business, financial conditions, results of operations and liquidity.
Weconduct business. As a result, we are subject to extensive laws and regulations that are complex, subject to change and often conflicting in their approach or intended outcomes. Compliance with these laws and regulations can increase cost, affect our strategy, and constrain our ability to adequately price our products.
The Company and its insurance subsidiary are regulated by the insurance departments of the states in which we are domiciled, licensed or authorized to conduct business.costs. State regulations generally seek to protect the interests of policyholders rather than an insurer or the insurer’s shareholders and other investors. U.S. state laws grant insurance regulatory authorities broad administrative powers with respect to, among other things, licensing and authorizing lines of business, approving policy forms and premium rates, setting statutory capital and reserve requirements and limiting the types and amounts of certain investments and restricting underwriting practices.investments. State insurance departments also set constraints on domestic insurer transactions with affiliates and dividends and, in many cases, must approve affiliate transactions and extraordinary dividends as well as strategic transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures.
In addition, future regulatory initiatives could be adopted at the federal or state level that could impact the profitability of our businesses. For example, the NAIC and state insurance regulators are continually reexamining existing laws and regulations, specifically focusing on modifications to statutory accounting principles, interpretations of existing laws and the development of new laws and regulations. The NAIC continues to enhance the U.S. system of insurance solvency regulation, with a particular focus on group supervision, risk-based capital, accounting and financial reporting, enterprise risk management and reinsurance. Any proposed or future legislation or NAIC initiatives, if adopted, may be more restrictive on our ability to conduct business than current regulatory requirements or may result in higher costs or increased statutory capital and reserve requirements. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board and the International Association of Insurance Supervisors ("IAIS") each have initiatives underway to develop insurance group capital standards. While the Company would not currently be subject to either of these capital standard regimes, it is possible that in the future, standards similar to what is being contemplated by the Federal Reserve Board or the IAIS could apply to the Company.Company, with unclear implications. The NAIC is in the process of developing a U.S. group capital calculation that will employ a methodology based on aggregated risk-based capital.capital with unclear implications.

The Dodd-Frank Act was enacted on July 21, 2010, mandating changes to the regulation of the financial services industry that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The Dodd-Frank Act requires central clearing of certain derivatives transactions and greater margin requirements for those transactions, which increases the costs of our hedging program. The amount of collateral we may be required to pledge under our derivative transactions may increase as a result of a new requirement to pledge initial margin for uncleared OTC derivative transactions entered which will likely be applicable to us in September 2020. This would increase our costs and could adversely affect the liquidity of our investments and the composition of our investment portfolio. In addition, the proprietary trading and market making limitation of the Volcker Rule could adversely affect the pricing and liquidity of our investment securities and limitations of banking entity involvement in and ownership of certain asset-backed securities transactions could adversely affect the market for insurance-linked securities. It is unclear whether and to what extent Congress will make changes to the Dodd-Frank Act, and how those changes might impact us or our business, financial conditions, results of operations and liquidity.
There also continues to be an increase in the promulgation of laws relating to cybersecurity and data privacy at the state and federal level. See "Legislative and Regulatory Developments" under Item 7 "Capital Resources and Liquidity" in Part III. For example, New York's Cybersecurity Regulation, enacted in February 2017, places cybersecurity requirements upon all covered financial institutions, and each institution is required to sign a certificate of compliance annually. Other states have adopted similar cybersecurity requirements that apply to the Company. This trend in advanced cybersecurity requirements could have a negative impact on the Company, due to increased costs of implementation.
In addition, data privacy laws continue to be on the rise, with an ever increasing number of strict requirements. To illustrate, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, slated to go into effect in 2020, creates numerous consumer rights, including, but not limited to, giving consumers the right to know what personal information is collected about them, whether such information is being sold and to whom and the right to access or delete such personal information. This rise in stricter privacy regulations, as well as the differences between each state’s laws, is costly to implement and non-compliance can result in material losses to Company, all of which could have a material negative impact on the Company's results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.
Further, a particular regulator or enforcement authority may interpret a legal, accounting, or reserving issue differently than we have, exposing us to different or additional regulatory risks. The application of these regulations and guidelines by insurers involves interpretations and judgments that may be challenged by state insurance departments. The result of those potential challenges could require us to increase levels of statutory capital and reserves or incur higher operating and/or tax costs.
In addition, our asset management businesses are also subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdictions where they operate. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect investors in the securities markets or investment advisory clients and generally grant supervisory authorities broad administrative powers. Compliance with these laws and regulations is costly, time consuming and personnel intensive, and may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.


Unfavorable judicial or legislative developments in claim litigation could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
The Company is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of business related to products previously sold and is also involved in legal actions outside of the ordinary course, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. Significant changes in the legal environment could cause our ultimate liabilities to change from our current expectations. Such changes could be judicial in nature, like trends in the size of jury awards and developments in the law relating to tort liability or the liabilitycontractual rights and obligations of insurers, and rulings concerning the scope of insurance coverage or the amount or types of damages covered by insurance.insurers.  Legislative developments, like changes in federal or state laws relating to the liabilityrights and obligations of policyholders or insurers, could have a similar effect. It is impossible to forecast such changes reliably, much less to predict how they might affect our loss reserves or how those changes might adversely affect our ability to price our insurance products appropriately.reserves. Thus, significant judicial or legislative developments could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Changes in federal or state tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Changes in federal or state tax laws and tax rates or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition, and could result in our incurring materially higher corporate taxes.condition. For example, ifthe recent reduction in tax rates decline,due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act reduced our deferred tax asset would be reduced,assets resulting in a charge against earnings. In addition, aA reduction in tax rates or change in laws could adversely affect the Company’s ability to realize the benefitsvalue of its net operating loss carryovers and alternative minimumdeferred tax credits. In addition, a reduction in tax rates could increase the level of statutory reserves the Company must hold which could adversely affect statutory surplus.assets.
In addition, the Company’s tax return reflects certain items such as dividends received deductions, tax credits, and insurance reserve deductions. There is an increasing risk that, in the context of deficit reduction or overall tax reform, federal and/or state tax legislation could modify or eliminate these items, impacting the Company, its investments, investment strategies, and/or its policyholders. In the context of deficit reduction or overall tax reform, federal and/or state tax legislation could modify or eliminate provisions of current tax law that are beneficial to the Company, including the dividends received deduction, tax credits, and insurance reserve deductions, or could impose new taxes suchtaxes.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax reform legislation commonly referred to as on goods or services purchased overseas.
Moreover,the "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" ("Tax Reform"). The exact impacts of many of the lifeprovisions will not be fully known until Treasury and annuity products that the Company previously sold benefit from one or more forms of tax-favored status under current federalIRS provide clarification by issuing rules, regulations and state income tax regimes. For example,advice. In response to the Company previously sold annuity contracts that allowed policyholders to defer the recognition of taxable income earned within the contract. Because the Company no longer sells these products,recent changes in the future taxation of life insurance and/federal tax law, we could see states enact changes to their tax laws which, in turn, could affect the Company negatively.  Among other risks, there is risk that these additional clarifications could increase the taxes on the Company or annuity contracts will not adversely impact future sales. If, however, the tax treatment of earnings accrued inside an annuity contract changed prospectively, and the tax favored status of existing contracts were grandfathered, holders of existing contracts would be less likely to surrender, which would make running off our existing life and annuity business more difficult.further increase administrative costs.
Changes in accounting principles and financial reporting requirements could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
As an SEC registrant, we are currently required to prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). Accordingly, we are required to adopt new guidance or interpretations which may have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition that is either unexpected or has a greater impact than expected.

For a description of changes in accounting standards that are currently pending and, if known, our estimates of their expected impact, see Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.
The FASB is working on several projects that could result in significant changes in GAAP, including how we account for our long-duration insurance contracts, which primarily relate to our life and annuity products.  In particular, liabilities for life-contingent fixed annuities would be discounted using current high-quality fixed-income instrument yields rather than using historical yields, likely resulting in greater volatility in other comprehensive income. As a result, the adoption of these future accounting standards relating to insurance contracts could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, including equity.


Consolidated Financial Statements.



Item 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2.PROPERTIES
The Company's principal executive offices are located in Hartford, Connecticut and it owns the facilities located in Windsor, Connecticut. In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company sold its Windsor, Connecticut facility to The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. and leases approximately 65,000 square feet of office space. The Company believes its properties and facilities are suitable and adequate for current operations. For further discussion of this transaction, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Litigation
The Company is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of business with respect to group and individual life disabilityinsurance products and accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies and with respect to annuity contracts. The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of reserves for future policy benefits. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

The Company is, from time to time, also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. Such actions have alleged, for example, bad faith in the handling of insurance claims and improper sales practices in connection with the sale of insurance and investment products. Some of these actions also seek punitive damages. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such lawsuits, after consideration of provisions made for estimated losses, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition of the Company. Nonetheless, given the large or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these actions, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

Item 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.


PART II
Item 5.MARKET FOR HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
All of the Company’s outstanding shares are ultimately owned by HartfordTalcott Resolution Life, Inc, which is a subsidiary of The Hartford.Inc. As of February 24, 2017,22, 2019, the Company had issued and outstanding 1,000 shares of common stock, $5,690 par value per share. There is no established public trading market for the Company’s common stock.
For a discussion regarding the Company’s payment of dividends, and the restrictions related thereto, see the Capital Resources and Liquidity section of the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A&A") under “Dividends”.


Item 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(a) of Form 10-K.The following table sets forth the Company's selected consolidated financial data at the dates and for the periods indicated below. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with MD&A presented in Item 7 and the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes beginning on page F-1.
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018
January 1, 2018
to
May 31, 2018
For the Years Ended December 31,
($ In millions)2017201620152014
Income Statement Data      
Total revenues [1]1,222
836
2,232
2,382
2,499
3,362
Net income (loss) [2]409
94
(46)282
500
676
[1]The decline in Total revenues is primarily driven by lower fees and lower NII due to the continued run off of the business.
[2]Net income (loss) is driven by the impacts to Total revenues as well as impacts from DAC/VOBA unlocks and Tax Reform in 2017.
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 
As of
December 31, 2018
As of December 31,
($ In millions)2017201620152014
Balance Sheet Data     
Total assets [3]150,146
168,732
170,346
175,350
191,775
Total stockholder's equity [4]2,005
6,680
7,821
8,162
9,291
[3]The decline in Total assets is primarily driven by the continued run off of the business and the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement entered into on June 1, 2018.
[4]Total stockholder's equity declined due to the application of pushdown accounting related to the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction and the continued run off of the business.


Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollar amounts in millions unless otherwise stated)
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“The MD&A”)&A addresses the financial condition of HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (“Hartford Life Insurance Company”TL” or the “Company”) as of and for the year ended December 31, 20162018 compared"Successor Company" along with the comparablereporting periods ending May 31, 2018 and the 20152017 periods. Management’s narrative analysis of the results of operations is presented pursuant to General Instruction I (2) (a) of Form 10-K.and 2016 periods "Predecessor Company". This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes beginning on page F-1. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial information to conform to the current year presentation.
INDEX


CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating Summary
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
20162015June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the Year Ended December 31, 2017For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
Fee income and other$969
$1,097
$502
$381
$906
$969
Earned premiums203
92
31
42
105
203
Net investment income1,373
1,456
509
520
1,281
1,373
Net realized capital losses(163)(146)
Net realized capital gains (losses)142
(107)(60)(163)
Amortization of deferred reinsurance gain38



Total revenues2,382
2,499
1,222
836
2,232
2,382
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses1,437
1,402
415
534
1,406
1,437
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs114
69
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and value of business acquired ("VOBA")98
16
48
114
Insurance operating costs and other expenses472
524
235
183
400
472
Reinsurance gain on disposition
(28)
Other intangible asset amortization4



Dividends to policyholders3
2
2
2
2
3
Total benefits, losses and expenses2,026
1,969
754
735
1,856
2,026
Income before income taxes356
530
468
101
376
356
Income tax expense74
30
Net income$282
$500
Income tax expense [1]59
7
422
74
Net income (loss)$409
$94
$(46)$282
[1]The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017 and 2016, respectively, primarily due to the separate account dividends received deduction ("DRD"). For a reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes, see Note 10 - Income Taxes of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 20152018 (Successor Company)
The decrease in netNet income from 2015 to 2016 was primarily due to higher net realized capital losses, lowerdriven by fee income lowerand other as well as net investment income and highernet realized capital gains due to macro hedge program gains partially offset by benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses, and DAC amortization partially offset by higher earned premiumsof VOBA and lower insurance operating costs and other expenses.
Fee income and other for the year ended December 31, 2016, decreased as comparedperiod continued to the prior year primarilydecline due to the continued run-offrun off of the variable annuity block of business. Earned premiumsNet investment income was primarily impacted by lower income from fixed maturities driven by lower asset levels due to the reinsurance agreement that the Company entered into with Commonwealth as well as the continued run off of the Company's business, partially offset by an increase in income from limited partnerships and other alternative investments. Amortization of VOBA increased due to macro hedge program gains. Insurance operating costs and other expenses include separation, stand-up and reinsurance related costs which were partially offset by the amortization of the deferred gain on the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement.
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
Net income was primarily driven by net investment income and fee income and other, partially offset by benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses increasedand insurance operating costs and other expenses and net realized capital losses.
Fee income and insurance operating costs and other expenses for the period continued to decline due to the run off of the variable annuity block of business. Net investment income was primarily impacted by lower income from fixed maturities driven by lower asset levels, partially offset by an increase in income from limited partnerships and other alternative investments. Net realized capital losses were primarily driven by losses on sales including the transfer of property recognized in connection with the May 31, 2018 sale of the Company as well as hedge program losses.

For the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared(Predecessor Company)
The decrease in net income was primarily due to a charge to income tax expense of $396 arising from the reduction of net deferred tax assets due to the prior year period,enactment of lower Federal income tax rates, partially offset by a decline in net realized capital losses. The effect of lower amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, lower benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses, and lower insurance operating costs and other expenses, was offset by lower earned premiums and lower fee income and other.
Fee income, earned premiums, and insurance operating costs and other expenses decreased primarily due to the impactcontinued run off of the recapturevariable annuity block of a reinsurance agreement with Hartford Lifebusiness.
Benefits, losses and Accident Insurance Company ("HLA"). Effective August 1, 2016,loss adjustment expenses decreased due to lower death benefits and interest credited primarily due to the Company recaptured a reinsurance agreement with HLA, a wholly owned subsidiarycontinued run off of Hartford Life, Inc. whereby the Company had ceded a single groupvariable annuity contract to HLA under a 100% quota share agreement. As a resultblock of this recapture, the Company received a return of premium of $90 and increased reserves by $63 resulting in a recognized pre-tax gain of approximately $27.business.
The increasedecrease in DAC amortization for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily driven by the effect of a higherfavorable unlock in 2017 compared to an unfavorable unlock due to the reduction of the fixed annuity DAC balance to zero.in 2016. For further discussion of the unlock, see MD&A - Estimated Gross Profits Used in the Valuation and Amortization of Assets and Liabilities Associated with Variable Annuity and Other Universal Life-Type Contracts.Profits.
Total net investment income decreased for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the prior year primarily due to lower make-whole payments on fixed maturities and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans,asset levels as well as lower asset levels and reinvesting at lower interest rates.income received from previously impaired securities. For further discussion, see MD&A - Investments Results, Net Investment Income.
Net realized capital losses of $163 for the year ended December 31, 2016, increased from net realized capital losses of $146, for the prior year. Net realized capital losses for 2016 weredecreased primarily due to lossesthe effect of transactional foreign currency revaluation, higher net gains on the variable annuity hedge program, driven, in part by a decline in the value of equity derivatives,sales and lower impairments, partially offset by gains resulting from policyholder behaviorgreater losses on non-qualifying foreign currency derivatives and the outperformance of the underlying actively managed funds compared to their respective indices. Net realized capital losses for 2015 were primarily due to losses from the variable annuity hedge program. For further information, see MD&A - Investment Results, Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses).
Insurance operating costs and expenses decreased from 2015 to 2016 largely due to the runoffrun off of the business requiring less staff and other operating expenses.
The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 35% in 2016 and 2015, primarily due to the separate account dividends received deduction. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2015, included an income tax benefit of $36 related to intercompany tax settlements. For a reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes, see Note 9 - Income Taxes of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


INVESTMENT RESULTS
Composition of Invested Assets
Composition of Invested AssetsComposition of Invested Assets
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
AmountPercentAmountPercentAmountPercentAmountPercent
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale ("AFS"), at fair value$23,819
77.1%$24,657
77.9%$13,839
71.2%$22,799
77.0%
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option ("FVO")82
0.3%165
0.5%12
0.1%32
0.1%
Equity securities, AFS, at fair value [1]152
0.5%459
1.5%
Equity securities, at fair value [1]116
0.6%
%
Equity securities, AFS, at fair value
%154
0.5%
Mortgage loans2,811
9.1%2,918
9.2%2,100
10.8%2,872
9.7%
Policy loans, at outstanding balance1,442
4.7%1,446
4.6%1,441
7.4%1,432
4.9%
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments930
3.0%1,216
3.8%894
4.6%1,001
3.4%
Other investments [2]293
0.9%212
0.7%201
1.0%213
0.7%
Short-term investments1,349
4.4%572
1.8%844
4.3%1,094
3.7%
Total investments$30,878
100%$31,645
100%$19,447
100%$29,597
100%
[1]
IncludesEffective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting standards for financial instruments, equity securities, AFS were reclassified to equity securities at fair value using the FVO of $281 as of December 31, 2015. The Company did not hold any equity securities, FVO as of December 31, 2016.
value.
[2]Primarily relates to derivative instruments.
Total investments decreased since December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), primarily as a result of a decline inreinsurance agreements to reinsure certain fixed maturities, AFS, equity, AFSimmediate and limited partnershipsdeferred annuity contracts, standard mortality structured settlements and other alternative investments, partially offset by an increase in short-term investments. The decrease in fixed maturities, AFS was primarily the result ofperiod certain structured settlement annuity contracts to Commonwealth as well as the continued runoffrun off of the Company's business. The decline in equity, AFSaggregate amount of invested assets that the Company transferred to the reinsurer or sold to fund the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement was primarily the result of sales which were reinvested into other assets classes. The decrease in limited partnerships and other alternative investments was primarily driven by redemptions in hedge funds which were reinvested into other asset classes. The increase in short-term investments was primarily due to holding more short-term investments until those assets are reinvested into longer duration asset classes.

approximately $8.5 billion.
Net Investment Income
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Income
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
2016201520172016
(Before-tax)AmountYield [1]AmountYield [1]AmountYield [1]AmountYield [1]AmountYield [1]AmountYield [1]
Fixed maturities [2]$1,049
4.6%$1,095
4.7%$343
4.0%$395
4.6%$995
4.5%$1,049
4.6%
Equity securities8
3.7%7
2.1%9
7.7%4
4.3%9
3.8%8
3.7%
Mortgage loans135
4.7%152
5.0%49
4.1%54
4.5%124
4.4%135
4.7%
Policy loans83
5.8%82
5.7%48
5.7%32
5.3%79
5.5%83
5.8%
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments86
8.3%97
8.1%67
13.7%41
10.4%75
8.3%86
8.3%
Other [3]64
 82
 11
 13
 54
 64
 
Investment expense(52) (59) (18) (19) (55) (52) 
Total net investment income$1,373
4.6%$1,456
4.7%$509
4.5%$520
4.7%$1,281
4.5%$1,373
4.6%
Total net investment income excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments$1,287
4.5%$1,359
4.6%$442
4.1%$479
4.5%$1,206
4.4%$1,287
4.5%
[1]Yields calculated using annualized net investment income divided by the monthly average invested assets at cost, amortized cost or adjusted carrying value, as applicable, excluding repurchase agreement and securities lending collateral, if any, and derivatives book value.
[2]Includes net investment income on short-term investments.
[3]PrimarilyFor the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, includes dividends received from seed money investments in Hartford funds and other business which is reinsured. For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (Predecessor Company), primarily includes income from derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting and hedge fixed maturities.
Year ended

For the period June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016, compared to the year ended December 31, 20152018 (Successor Company)
Total net investment income decreasedfor the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 was $509. Total net investment income was primarily impacted by lower income from fixed maturities driven by lower asset levels due to lower make-whole payments on fixed maturities and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans,the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement that the Company entered into as well as lower asset levels and reinvesting at lower interest rates.the continued run off of the Company's business.
The annualized net investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, decreased slightly,was 4.1% for the period of June 1, 2018 to 4.5% in 2016, versus 4.6% in 2015. The decrease was primarily attributable to higher income received in 2015 from previously impaired securities,December 31, 2018. Excluding make-whole payments on fixed maturities and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans. Excluding make-whole payments on fixed maturities, income received from previously impaired securities, and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans,loan pre-payments, the annualized investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, was 4.4% in 2016 and 4.3% in 2015.


4.1% for the same period.
The new money yield for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, excluding certain U.S. Treasury securities and cash equivalent securities, for the year ended December 31, 2016 was approximately 3.5%4.3%, which was belowabove the average yield of sales and maturities of 4.0%3.9% for the same period. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the new money yield of 3.5% increased slightly from 3.4% in 2015 largelyperiod due to an increase inhigher interest rates.
While interest rates have risen recently, weWe expect the annualized net investment income yield in 2017,2019, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, to be slightly belowhigher than the portfolio yield earned in 2016. This assumesfor the Company earns less income in 2017 from make-whole payments on fixed maturities and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans than it did in 2016 and thatperiod June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 due to higher reinvestment rates continue to be below the average yield of sales and maturities.rates. The estimated impact on net investment income is subject to change as the composition of the portfolio changes through portfolio management and trading activities and changes in market conditions.
For the period January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
Total net investment income for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 was $520. Total net investment income was primarily impacted by lower income from fixed maturities driven by lower asset levels, partially offset by an increase in income from limited partnerships and other alternative investments.
The annualized net investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, was 4.5% for the period. Excluding non-routine items, which primarily include make-whole payments on fixed maturities and mortgage loan pre-payments, the annualized investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, was 4.4%.
The new money yield for the period, excluding certain U.S. Treasury securities and cash equivalent securities, was approximately 4.3%, which was above the average yield of sales and maturities of 3.9% for the same period due to higher interest rates.
Year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company)
Total net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1,281 and $1,373, respectively. Total net investment income decreased primarily due to lower asset levels as well as lower income received from previously impaired securities.
The annualized net investment income yield, excluding limited partnerships and other alternative investments, decreased slightly to 4.4% in 2017, versus 4.5% in 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower income from previously impaired securities as well as lower make-whole payment income on fixed maturities and prepayment penalties on mortgage loans.
The new money yield, excluding certain U.S. Treasury securities and cash equivalent securities, for the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately 3.6%, which was below the average yield of sales and maturities of 3.8% for the same period. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the new money yield of 3.6% increased slightly from 3.5% in 2016 largely due to a slight increase in interest rates.

Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,
June 1, 2018
to
December 31, 2018

January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(Before-tax)2016201520172016
Gross gains on sales$211
$239
$12
$49
$226
$211
Gross losses on sales(93)(211)(38)(112)(58)(93)
Net other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") losses recognized in earnings(28)(61)
Equity securities [1](21)2


Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings(7)
(14)(28)
Valuation allowances on mortgage loans
(4)(5)
2

Results of variable annuity hedge program
 
 
GMWB derivatives, net(38)(87)12
12
48
(38)
Macro hedge program(163)(46)153
(36)(260)(163)
Total results of variable annuity hedge program(201)(133)165
(24)(212)(201)
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts(12)46
Transactional foreign currency revaluation(70)(4)9
(6)(1)(70)
Non-qualifying foreign currency derivatives57
(16)(10)7
(5)57
Other, net [1](27)(2)
Net realized capital gains$(163)$(146)
Other, net [2]37
(23)2
(39)
Net realized capital gains (losses)$142
$(107)$(60)$(163)
[1]Effective January 1, 2018, with adoption of new accounting standards for equity securities, includes all changes in fair value and trading gains and losses for equity securities at fair value.
[2]Primarily consists of changes in value of non-qualifying derivatives, including credit derivatives, and interest rate derivatives used to manage duration.duration, and embedded derivatives associated with modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts.
Gross Gains and Losses on Sales
Gross gains and losses on sales for the year endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016, were primarily due to sales of corporate securities and U.S. Treasuries as a result of2018 (Successor Company) resulted from duration, liquidity and credit management.management within corporate and U.S. Treasury securities.
Gross gains and losses on sales for the year ended Decemberperiod of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2015,2018 (Predecessor Company) were primarily due tothe result of sales of fixed maturities, AFS executed in order to fund the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement. Gross gains and losses on sales also resulted from duration, liquidity and credit management within corporate and U.S. treasury,Treasury securities. In addition, gross losses on sales include the transfer of property recognized in connection with the May 31, 2018 sale of the Company.
Gross gains and equity securities. Thelosses on sales were primarily athe result of duration, liquidity and credit management as well as tactical changes towithin corporate securities, equity securities and U.S. Treasury securities for the portfolio as a result of changing market conditions, including sales to reduce exposure to energy, emerging marketsyears ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) and other below investment grade corporate securities.December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Variable Annuity Hedge Program
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), gains on the variable annuity hedge program included gains related to the macro hedge program of $134 driven by declines in the domestic equity markets, gains of $35 driven by an increase in equity market volatility, and gains of $34 due to a decrease in interest rates, partially offset by losses of $52 driven by time decay of options. The gains on the combined GMWB derivatives, net, which include the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, are primarily due to non-market factors.
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), losses on the variable annuity hedge program included losses related to the macro hedge program primarily due to losses of $33 driven by time decay on options and losses of $8 driven by an increase in domestic equity markets, partially offset by gains of $7 related to a increase in equity market volatility. These losses were partially offset by gains on the combined GMWB derivative, net which include the GMWB product, reinsurance and hedging derivatives was primarily due to a increase in volatility of $3 and policy holder behavior of $3, as well as an increase in interest rates of $2.


For the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), losses on the variable annuity hedge program included losses related to the macro hedge program primarily due to losses of $180 driven by improvements in the equity markets and $85 driven by time decay of options. These losses were partially offset by gains on the combined GMWB derivatives, net, which include the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, primarily due to gains of $25 driven by time decay of options, $20 due to a decline in the equity market volatility and $20 due to policyholder behavior.
For the year ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company), the loss related to the combined GMWB derivatives, net, which include the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily driven by losses of $53 due to liability/model assumption updates, $22 due to the effect of increases in equity markets and losses of $12 resulting from regression updates and other changes, partially offset by gains of $40 resulting from policyholder behavior and $29 related to an outperformance of the underlying actively managed funds compared to their respective indices. The macro hedge program loss was primarily due to a loss of $96 due to an increase in equity markets and a loss of $58 driven by time decay on options.
ForOther, net
Other, net gains for the year endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2015, the loss related to the combined GMWB derivatives, net, which include the GMWB product, reinsurance, and hedging derivatives, was primarily driven by losses of $42 due to liability/model assumption updates, and losses of $18 resulting from an underperformance of the underlying actively managed funds compared to their respective indices. The loss on the macro hedge program for the year ended December 31, 20152018 (Successor Company), was primarily due to gains on interest rate derivatives due to a loss of $44 driven by time decay on options.decrease in interest rates.



Modified Coinsurance Reinsurance
TheOther, net losslosses for the year ended Decemberperiod of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2016, was2018 (Predecessor Company) were primarily driven by tightening of credit spreads,due to losses on interest rate derivatives partially offset by highergains associated with modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts, both driven by an increase in interest rates. Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts are accounted for as embedded derivatives and transfer to the reinsurer the investment experience related to the assets supporting the reinsured policies.
The net gain for the year ended December 31, 2015, was primarily driven by widening credit spreads and an increase in interest rates.
Other, net
Other, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016, was primarily due to losses of $17 on interest rate derivatives and losses of $13 related to equity derivatives which were hedging against a decline in the equity market on the investment portfolio.
Other, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015, was primarily due to losses of $8 on interest rate derivatives driven by an increase in interest rates and losses of $7 on credit derivatives driven by widening credit spreads.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ, and in the past have differed, from those estimates.
The Company has identified the following estimates as critical in that they involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a significant degree of variability:
estimated gross profits used in the valuation and amortization of assets (including VOBA) and liabilities associated with variable annuity and other universal life-type contracts;
deferred gain on reinsurance;
living benefits required to be fair valued (in other policyholder funds and benefits payable);
valuation of investments and derivative instruments including evaluation of other-than-temporary impairments on available-for-sale securities and valuation allowances on mortgage loans;
valuation allowance on deferred tax assets; and
contingencies relating to corporate litigation and regulatory matters.
Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. In developing these estimates management makes subjective and complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to material change as facts and circumstances develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts provided are appropriate based upon the facts available upon compilation of the financial statements.
Estimated Gross Profits Used in the Valuation and Amortization of Assets and Liabilities Associated with Variable Annuity and Other Universal Life-Type Contracts
Estimated gross profits (“EGPs”) are used in the valuation and amortization of assets, including deferred policy acquisition cost ("DAC").the VOBA (Successor Company) and DAC (Predecessor Company) assets. Portions of EGPs are also used in the valuation of reserves for death and other insurance benefit features on variable annuity and other universal life typelife-type contracts.
The most significant EGP-based balances are as follows:
Significant EGP-based BalancesSignificant EGP-based Balances
As of December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
20162015As of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
DAC [1]$463
$542
$
$405
VOBA [1]$716
$
Death and Other Insurance Benefit Reserves, net of reinsurance [2]$354
$340
$178
$409
[1]For additional information on DAC and VOBA, see Note 6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
[2]For additional information on death and other insurance benefit reserves, see Note 7 - Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Unlocks
The benefit (charge) to income, net of tax, as a result of Unlock is as follows:
Benefit (Charge) to Income, Net of Tax, as a Result of Unlock [1]Benefit (Charge) to Income, Net of Tax, as a Result of Unlock [1]
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018
January 1, 2018 to
May 31, 2018
For the Years Ended December 31,
2016201520172016
DAC$(74)$13
$
$(3)$2
$(74)
VOBA(19)


Death and Other Insurance Benefit Reserves14
28
7

(20)14
Total (pre-tax)(60)41
(12)(3)(18)(60)
Income tax effect(21)14
(3)(1)(7)(21)
Total (after-tax)$(39)$27
$(9)$(2)$(11)$(39)
[1]For further information, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Unlock benefit (charge) in the table above includes both assumption unlocks and market unlocks.
Successor Company
The Unlock charge, after-tax, for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 was primarily related to modifying the reversion-to-mean ("RTM") separate account return assumption to consider returns since May 31, 2018, rather than March 31, 2009 as well as the annual assumption updates associated with the macro hedge program and expense assumptions. For further discussion on RTM assumptions, please see the Market Unlocks section below. For further information regarding the elimination of DAC and the establishment of VOBA during pushdown accounting, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 6 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Predecessor Company
The Unlock charge, after-tax, for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 was primarily due to separate account returns being below our aggregated estimated returns during the period largely due to a decrease in equity markets.
The Unlock charge, after-tax, for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to updates to the macro hedging program cost assumption to reflect 2017 activity, and the effect of updates for variable annuities, including a reduction to the assumed general account investment rates, largely offset by separate account returns being above our aggregated estimated returns during the period.
The Unlock charge, after-tax, for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily due to the reduction of the fixed annuity DAC balance to zero, updates to the macro hedging program cost to reflect 2016 activity, and the effect of assumption updates for variable annuities, including to mortality. These impacts were partially offset by separate account returns being above our aggregated estimated returns during the period, largely due to an increase in equity markets, as well as the effect of reducing the assumption about expected future lapses of variable annuities.


The Unlock benefit, after tax, for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily due to assumption changes related to benefit utilization and lower assumed lapse rates, partially offset by a lower assumed general account spread and higher assumed withdrawal rates.
Use of Estimated Gross Profits in Amortization and Reserving
For mostvariable annuity contracts, the Company estimates gross profits over 20 years as EGPs emerging subsequent to that time frame are immaterial. Products sold in a particular year are aggregated into cohorts. Future gross profits for each cohort are projected over the estimated lives of the underlying contracts, based on future account value projections for variable annuity products. The projection of future account values requires the use of certain assumptions including: separate account returns; separate account fund mix; fees assessed against the contract holder’s account balance; surrenderfull and lapsepartial surrender rates; interest margin;credited; mortality; and the extent and duration of hedging activities and hedging costs.annuitization rates. Changes in these assumptions and changes to other policyholder behavior assumptions such as resets, partial surrenders, reaction to price increases,expenses and asset allocationshedging costs cause EGPs to fluctuate, which impacts earnings.
The Company determines EGPs fromusing a single deterministic reversion to mean (“RTM”)set of stochastic RTM separate account return projectionprojections which is an estimation technique commonly used by insurance entities to project future separate account returns. Through this estimation technique, the Company’s DAC model is adjusted to reflect actual account valuesmarket performance at the end of each quarter. Through consideration of recent market returns, the Company will unlock, or adjust, projected returns over a future period so that the account value returns to the long-term expected rate of return, providing that those projected returns do not exceed certain caps.
Annual Unlock of Assumptions
In the fourth quarter of 2016,2018, the Company completed a comprehensive policyholder behavior assumption study which resulted in a non-market related after-tax charge of $17$15 and incorporated the results of that study into its projection of future gross profits. Additionally, throughout the year, the Company evaluates various aspects of policyholder behavior and will revise its policyholder assumptions if credible emerging data indicates that changes are warranted. The Company will continue to evaluate its assumptions related to

policyholder behavior as initiatives to reduce the size of the annuity business are implemented by management. Upon completion of an annual assumption study or evaluation of credible new information, the Company will revise its assumptions to reflect its current best estimate. These assumption revisions will change the projected account values and the related EGPs in the DACVOBA amortization models, as well as the death and other insurance benefit reserving model.
All assumption changes that affect the estimate of future EGPs including: the update of current account values; the use of the RTM estimation technique; and policyholder behavior assumptions are considered an Unlock in the period of revision. An Unlock adjusts DACVOBA and death and other insurance benefit reserve balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with an offsetting benefit or charge in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of the revision. An Unlock that results in an after-tax benefit generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being favorable compared to previous estimates. An Unlock that results in an after-tax charge generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being unfavorable compared to previous estimates.
EGPs are also used to determine the expected excess benefits and assessments included in the measurement of death and other insurance benefit reserves. These excess benefits and assessments are derived from a range of stochastic scenarios that have been calibrated to the Company’s RTM separate account returns. The determination of death and other insurance benefit reserves is also impacted by discount rates, lapses, volatilities, mortality assumptions and benefit utilization, including assumptions aroundof annuitization rates.
Market Unlocks
In addition to updating assumptions in the fourth quarter of each year, an Unlock revises EGPs, on a quarterly basis, to reflect the Company’s current best estimate assumptions and market updates of policyholder account value. The Unlock for future separate account returns is determined each quarter. Under RTM, the expected long term rate of return is 8.3%. The annual return assumed over the next five years of approximately 1.5%10.5% was calculated based on the return needed over that period to produce an 8.3% return since March of 2009, the date the Company adopted the RTM estimation technique to project future separate account returns.VOBA was established in pushdown accounting, May 31, 2018. Based on the expected trend of policy lapses and annuitizations, the Company expects approximately 50%40% of its block of variable annuities to runoffrun off in the next 5 years.
Aggregate Recoverability
After each quarterly Unlock, the Company also tests the aggregate recoverability of DACVOBA by comparing the DACVOBA balance to the present value of future EGPs. The margin between the DACVOBA balance and the present value of future EGPs for variable annuities was 34%66% as of December 31, 2016.2018 (Successor Company). If the margin between the DACVOBA asset and the present value of future EGPs is exhausted, then further reductions in EGPs would cause portions of DACVOBA to be unrecoverable and the DACVOBA asset would be written down to equal future EGPs.


Accounting for Amortization of Deferred Gain on Reinsurance Contracts
A deferred gain was recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement. This gain was calculated based on the underlying contract values adjusted to fair value in pushdown accounting. The deferred gain will be amortized into income over the life of the underlying policies reinsured.
Living Benefits Required to be Fair Valued
Fair values for GMWBs classified as embedded derivatives and included in other policyholder funds and benefits payable, are calculated using the income approach based upon internally developed models, because active, observable markets do not exist for those items. The fair value of these GMWBs and the related reinsurance and customized freestanding derivatives are calculated as an aggregation of the following components: Best Estimate Claim Payments; Credit Standing Adjustment; and Margins. The resulting aggregation is reconciled or calibrated, if necessary, to market information that is, or may be, available to the Company, but may not be observable by other market participants, including reinsurance discussions and transactions. The Company believes the aggregation of these components, as calibrated to the market information, results in an amount that the Company would be required to transfer to or receive from market participants in an active liquid market, if one existed, for those market participants to assume the risks associated with the guaranteed minimum benefits and the related reinsurance and customized derivatives. The fair value is likely to materially diverge from the ultimate settlement of the liability as the Company believes settlement will be based on our best estimate assumptions rather than those best estimate assumptions plus risk margins. In the absence of any transfer of the guaranteed benefit liability to a third party, the release of risk margins is likely to be reflected as realized gains in future periods’ net income.
A multidisciplinary group of finance, actuarial and risk management professionals reviews and approves changes to the Company's valuation model as well as associated controls.
For further discussion on the impact of fair value changes from living benefits see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and for a discussion on the sensitivities of certain living benefits due to capital market factors see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Variable Product Guarantee Risks and Risk Management.


Valuation of Investments and Derivative Instruments
Fixed Maturities, Equity Securities, Short-term Investments and Free-standing Derivatives
The Company generally determines fair values using valuation techniques that use prices, rates, and other relevant information evident from market transactions involving identical or similar instruments. Valuation techniques also include, where appropriate, estimates of future cash flows that are converted into a single discounted amount using current market expectations. The Company uses a "waterfall" approach comprised of the following pricing sources which are listed in priority order: quoted prices, prices from third-party pricing services, internal matrix pricing, and independent broker quotes. The fair value of free-standing derivative instruments areis determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model or option model technique and incorporateincorporates counterparty credit risk. In some cases, quoted market prices for exchange-traded transactions and transactions cleared through central clearing houses ("OTC-cleared") may be used and in other cases independent broker quotes may be used. For further discussion, see the Fixed Maturities, Equity Securities, Short-term Investments and Free-standing Derivatives section in Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For further discussion on the GMWB customized derivative valuation methodology, see the GMWB Embedded, Customized and Reinsurance Derivatives section in fair value measurement, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Evaluation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments on Available-for-Sale Securities and Valuation Allowances on Mortgage Loans
Each quarter, a committee of investment and accounting professionals evaluates investments to determine if an other-than-temporary impairment (“impairment”) is present for AFS securities or a valuation allowance is required for mortgage loans. This evaluation is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties. For further discussion of the accounting policies, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of impairments recorded, see the Other-Than-Temporary Impairments within the Investment Portfolio Risks and Risk Management section of the MD&A.


Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets represent the tax benefit of future deductible temporary differences and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such benefits are realized if there is no change in tax law. Under U.S. GAAP, we test the value of deferred tax assets for impairment on a quarterly basis at the entity level within each tax jurisdiction, consistent with our filed tax returns. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The determination of the valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets requires management to make certain judgments and assumptions. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we have considered all available evidence as of December 31, 20162018 including past operating results, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event we determine it is more likely than not that we will not be able to realize all or part of our deferred tax assets in the future, an increase to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Likewise, if it is later determined that it is more likely than not that those deferred tax assets would be realized, the previously provided valuation allowance would be reversed. Our judgments and assumptions are subject to change given the inherent uncertainty in predicting future performance and specific industry and investment market conditions.
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had no valuation allowance. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considered future taxable temporary difference reversals, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryovers, taxable income in open carry back years and other tax planning strategies. From time to time, tax planning strategies could include holding a portion of debt securities with market value losses until recovery, altering the level of tax exempt securities held, making investments which have specific tax characteristics, and business considerations such as asset-liability matching. Management views such tax planning strategies as prudent and feasible and would implement them, if necessary, to realize the deferred tax assets.
Contingencies Relating to Corporate Litigation and Regulatory Matters
Management evaluates each contingent matter separately. A loss is recorded if probable and reasonably estimable. Management establishes reserves for these contingencies at its “best estimate,” or, if no one number within the range of possible losses is more probable than any other, the Company records an estimated reserve at the low end of the range of losses.


The Company has a quarterly monitoring process involving legal and accounting professionals. Legal personnel first identify outstanding corporate litigation and regulatory matters posing a reasonable possibility of loss. These matters are then jointly reviewed by accounting and legal personnel to evaluate the facts and changes since the last review in order to determine if a provision for loss should be recorded or adjusted, the amount that should be recorded, and the appropriate disclosure. The outcomes of certain contingencies currently being evaluated by the Company, which relate to corporate litigation and regulatory matters, are inherently difficult to predict, and the reserves that have been established for the estimated settlement amounts are subject to significant changes. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such lawsuits, after consideration of provisions made for estimated losses, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition of the Company. In view of the uncertainties regarding the outcome of these matters, as well as the tax-deductibility of payments, it is possible that the ultimate cost to the Company of these matters could exceed the reserve by an amount that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and liquidity in a particular quarterly or annual period.


ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
The Hartford’sCompany’s Board of Directors (“the Board”) has ultimate responsibility for risk oversight as described more fully in The Hartford's Proxy Statement, while management is tasked with the day-to-day management of the Hartford’sCompany’s risks.

The Board executes risk oversight through Hopmeadow Holdings GP, LLC's Finance, Investment and Enterprise Risk Committee ("FIRMCo").
The Company manages and monitors risk through risk policies, controls and limits.
At the senior management level, an Enterprise Risk and Capital Committee (“ERCC”) includes The Hartford's CEO, President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Risk Officer, General Counsel and others as deemed necessary by the committee chair. The ERCC oversees the risk profile and risk management practices of the Company. AERCC reports to FIRMCo on Talcott's overall risk profile and adherence to risk limits. As illustrated below, a number of functional committees sit underneath the ERCC, providing oversight of specific risk areas and recommending risk mitigation strategies to the ERCC. These committees include, but are not limited to, Asset Liability Committees, Catastrophe Risk Committee, Economic Capital Executive Committee, Emerging Risk Committees, Model Oversight Committees and the Operational Risk Committee. areas.
Enterprise Risk and Capital Committee - "ERCC"
Capital Planning CommitteeFinancial & Investment CommitteeRisk and Governance Committee
Capital OutlookInvestment & Hedging RiskModel Oversight
Operating PlanEmerging Risk
Liquidity RiskOperational Risk
ERCC Members
President (Chair)
Chief Actuary
Chief Auditor
Chief Communications Officer
General Counsel
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Human Resource Officer
Chief Information Officer
Chief Investment Officer
Chief Risk Officer
Others as deemed necessary by the Committee Chair
The Hartford'sCompany's enterprise risk management ("ERM") function supports the ERCC and functional committees, and is tasked with, among other things:
risk identification and assessment;
the development of risk appetites, tolerances, and limits;
risk monitoring; and
internal and external risk reporting.
The Company categorizes its main risks as insurancefinancial risk, operational risk and financial risk.insurance risk, each of which is described in more detail below.
Financial Risk Management
Financial risks include direct and indirect risks to the Company's financial objectives coming from events that impact market conditions or prices. Some events may cause correlated movement in multiple risk factors. The primary sources of financial risks are the Company's general account and separate account assets and the liabilities and the guarantees which the company has written over various liability products, particularly its fixed and variable annuity guarantees.annuities. Consistent with its risk appetite, the Company establishes financial risk limits to control potential loss on a U.S. GAAP, statutory and economic basis. Exposures are actively monitored, and mitigated where appropriate. The Company uses various risk management strategies, including reinsurance and over-the-counter and exchange traded derivatives with counterparties meeting the appropriate regulatory and due diligence requirements. Derivatives are utilized to achieve one of four


Company-approved objectives: hedging risk arising from interest rate, equity market, commodity market, credit spread and issuer default, price or currency exchange rate risk or volatility; managing liquidity; controlling transaction costs; or entering into synthetic replication transactions. Derivative activities are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s compliance and risk management teams and reviewed by senior management.
The Company identifies different categories of financial risk, including liquidity, credit, interest rate, equity and foreign exchange as described below.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk to current or prospective earnings or capital arising from the Company's inability or perceived inability to meet its contractual funding obligations when they come due.
Sources of Liquidity Risk
Sources of Liquidity Risk include funding risk, company-specific liquidity risk and market liquidity risk resulting from differences in the amount and timing of sources and uses of cash as well as company-specific and general market conditions. Stressed market conditions may impact the ability to sell assets or otherwise transact business and may result in a significant loss in value.
Impact
Inadequate capital resources and liquidity could negatively affect the Company’s overall financial strength and its ability to generate cash flows from its businesses, borrow funds at competitive rates, and raise new capital to meet operating and growth needs.
Management
The Company has defined ongoing monitoring and reporting requirements to assess liquidity across the enterprise under both current and stressed market conditions. The Company measures and manages liquidity risk exposures and funding needs within prescribed limits across legal entities, taking into account legal, regulatory and operational limitations to the transferability of liquidity. The Company also monitors internal and external conditions, and identifies material risk changes and emerging risks that may impact liquidity. The Company's CFOTreasurer has primary responsibility for liquidity risk.
For further discussion on liquidity see the section on Capital Resources and Liquidity.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk to earnings or capital due to uncertainty of an obligor’s or counterparty’s ability or willingness to meet its obligations in accordance with contractually agreed upon terms. Credit risk is comprised of three major factors: the risk of change in credit quality, or credit migration risk; the risk of default; and the risk of a change in value due to changes in credit spread.
Sources of Credit Risk
The majority of the Company’s credit risk is concentrated in its investment holdings but it is also present in the Company's derivative counterparty exposure, reinsurance transactions, and to a lesser extent variable annuity fund assets under management.
Impact
A decline in creditworthiness is typically associated with an increase in an investment’s credit spread, potentially resulting in an increase in other-than-temporary impairments and an increased probability of a realized loss upon sale. Derivative exposure and reinsurance recoverables are also subject to credit risk based on the counterparty’s unwillingness or inability to pay. The value of variable annuity fund assets under management can also be affected by an increase in investment credit spreads or defaults on underlying investments.
Management
The objective of the Company’s enterprise credit risk management strategy is to identify, quantify, and manage credit risk on an aggregate portfolio basis and to limit potential losses in accordance with an established credit risk management policy. The Company primarily manages its credit risk by holding a diversified mix of investment grade issuers and counterparties across its investment, reinsurance, and insurance portfolios. Potential losses are also limited within portfolios by diversifying across geographic regions, asset types, and sectors.
The Company manages credit risk on an on-going basis through the use of various processes and analyses. Both the investment and reinsurance areas have formulated procedures for counterparty approvals and authorizations, which establish minimum levels of creditworthiness and financial stability. Credits considered for investment are subjected to underwriting reviews. Within the investment portfolio, private securities are subject to management approval. Mitigation strategies vary across the three sources of credit risk, but may include:
Investing in a portfolio of high-quality and diverse securities;


Selling investments subject to credit risk;
Hedging through use of single name or basket credit default swaps;
Clearing transactions through central clearing houses that require daily variation margin;
Entering into contracts only with strong creditworthy institutions and
Requiring collateral.
The Company has developed credit exposure thresholds which are based upon counterparty ratings. Aggregate counterparty credit quality and exposure is monitored on a monthly basis utilizing an enterprise-wide credit exposure information system that contains data on issuers, ratings, exposures, and credit limits. Exposures are tracked on a current and potential basis and aggregated by ultimate parent across investments, reinsurance receivables, insurance products with credit risk, and derivative counterparties.
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company had no investment exposure to any credit concentration risk of a single issuer, or derivative counterparty greater than 10% of the Company's stockholder's equity, other than the U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies. For further discussion of concentration of credit risk in the investment portfolio, see the Concentration of Credit Risk section in Note 3 - Investments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk of Derivatives
The Company uses various derivative counterparties in executing its derivative transactions. The use of counterparties creates credit risk that the counterparty may not perform in accordance with the terms of the derivative transaction. A reduction in the financial strength ratings as set by nationally recognized statistical agencies or a decline in the risk-based capital ("RBC") ratio of the Company’s insurance operating companies may have adverse implications for its use of derivatives including those used to hedge benefit guarantees of variable annuities. Derivative counterparties for over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives and clearing brokers for OTC-cleared derivatives have the right to cancel and settle outstanding derivative trades or require additional collateral to be posted if the Company's financial strength falls below certain thresholds. In addition if the Company does not meet these thresholds, counterparties and clearing brokers may becoming unwilling to engage in or clear additional derivatives or may require collateralization before entering into any new trades. This would restrict the supply of derivative instruments commonly used to hedge variable annuity guarantees, particularly long-dated equity derivatives and interest rate swaps.
Managing the Credit Risk of Counterparties to Derivative Instruments
The Company has derivative counterparty exposure policies which limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk. The Company monitors counterparty exposure on a monthly basis to ensure compliance with Company policies and statutory limitations. The Company’s policies with respect to derivative counterparty exposure establishes market-based credit limits, favors long-term financial stability and creditworthiness of the counterparty and typically requires credit enhancement/credit risk reducing agreements, which are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s risk management team and reviewed by senior management.
The Company minimizes the credit risk of derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties primarily rated A or better. The Company also generally requires that OTC derivative contracts be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") Master Agreement, which is structured by legal entity and by counterparty and permits right of offset. The Company enters into credit support annexes in conjunction with the ISDA agreements, which require daily collateral settlement based upon agreed upon thresholds.
The Company has developed credit exposure thresholds which are based upon counterparty ratings. Credit exposures are measured using the market value of the derivatives, resulting in amounts owed to the Company by its counterparties or potential payment obligations from the Company to its counterparties. The notional amounts of derivative contracts represent the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and are not reflective of credit risk. For purposes of daily derivative collateral maintenance, credit exposures are generally quantified based on the prior business day’s market value and collateral is pledged to and held by, or on behalf of, the Company to the extent the current value of the derivatives exceed the contractual thresholds. In accordance with industry standard and the contractual agreements, collateral is typically settled on same business day. The Company has exposure to credit risk for amounts below the exposure thresholds which are uncollateralized, as well as for market fluctuations that may occur between contractual settlement periods of collateral movements.
Most of the company's derivative counterparty relationships have a zero uncollateralized threshold. Currently, the Company only transacts OTC derivatives with two counterparties and in two legal entities where the collateralized thresholds to the Company is greater than zero. The maximum combined threshold in those relationships is $10. Based on the contractual terms of the collateral agreements, these thresholds may be immediately reduced due to a downgrade in the counterparty's credit rating. For further discussion, see the Derivative Commitments section of Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), the Company incurred no losses on derivative instruments due to counterparty default.


Use of Credit Derivatives
The Company may also use credit default swaps to manage credit exposure or to assume credit risk to enhance yield. The Company uses credit derivatives to purchase credit protection with respect to a single entity, referenced index, or asset pool. The Company purchases credit protection through credit default swaps to economically hedge and manage credit risk of certain fixed maturity investments across multiple sectors of the investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that purchase credit protection was $45 and $80, respectively, while the fair value was $(1) and $(3), respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
The Company also enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk as part of replication transactions. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies. These swaps reference investment grade single corporate issuers and baskets, which include customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers. These baskets are established within sector concentration limits and may be divided into tranches which possess different credit ratings. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that assume credit risk was $372 and $380, respectively, while the fair value was $3, respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
For further information on credit derivatives, see Note 4 - Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of financial loss due to adverse changes in the value of assets and liabilities arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk encompasses exposures with respect to changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of the term structure of rates and the volatility of interest rates. Interest rate risk does not include exposure to changes in credit spreads.


Sources of Interest Rate Risk
The Company has exposure to interest rates arising from its fixed maturity securities and interest sensitive liabilities. In addition, certain product liabilities, including those containing GMWB or GMDB, expose the Company to interest rate risk but also have significant equity risk. These liabilities are discussed as part of the Variable Product Guarantee Risks and Risk Management section. Management also evaluates performance of certain products based on net investment spread which is, in part, influenced by changes in interest rates.
An increaseImpact
Changes in interest rates from current levels is generally acan have both favorable developmentand unfavorable effects for the Company. Interest rate increases are expected to provide additional net investment income, reduce the cost of the variable annuity hedging program, and limit the potential risk of margin erosion due to minimum guaranteed crediting rates in certain products. However, if long-term interest rates rise dramatically within a six to twelve month time period, certain businesses may be exposed to disintermediation risk. Disintermediation risk refers to the risk that policyholders will surrender their contracts in a rising interest rate environment requiring the Company to liquidate assets in an unrealized loss position. An increase in interest rates may also impact the Company’s tax planning strategies and in particular its ability to utilize tax benefits of previously recognized realized capital losses.
A decline in interest rates results in certain mortgage-backed and municipal securities being more susceptible to paydowns and prepayments or calls. During such periods, the Company generally will not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable yields. Lower interest rates will also likely result in lower net investment income, increased hedging costs associated with variable annuities and, if declines are sustained for a long period of time, it may subject the Company to reinvestment risk and possibly reduced profit margins associated with guaranteed crediting rates on certain products. Conversely, the fair value of the investment portfolio will increase when interest rates decline.
Change in Interest RatesFavorable EffectsUnfavorable Effects
ñAdditional investment incomeDecrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolio
Lower cost of the variable annuity hedgePotential increase in policyholder surrenders, requiring the Company to liquidate assets in an unrealized loss position to fund liability surrender value
Lower margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain productsPotential impact on the Company's tax planning strategies
Higher interest expense
òIncrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolioLower net investment income due to reinvesting at lower investment yields
Lower interest expenseLower interest income on variable rate investments
Acceleration in paydowns and prepayments or calls of certain mortgage-backed and municipal securities
Increased cost of variable annuity hedge program
Potential margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain products

Management
The Company primarily manages its exposure to interest rate risk by constructing investment portfolios that maintain asset allocation limits and asset/liability duration matching targets which may include the use of derivatives. The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models including parametric models and cash flowsflow simulation under various market scenarios of the liabilities and their supporting investment portfolios. Key metrics that the Company uses to quantify its exposure to interest rate risk inherent in its invested assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities include duration, convexity and key rate duration.
The Company may also utilizesutilize a variety of derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk associated with its investment portfolio or to hedge liabilities. Interest rate caps, floors, swaps, swaptions, and futures may be used to manage portfolio duration. Interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts or payments to a fixed or variable rate. The use of such swaps enables the Company to customize contract terms and conditions to desired objectives and manage the duration profile within established tolerances. Interest rate swaps are also used to hedge the variability in the cash flowflows of a forecasted purchase or sale of fixed rate securities due to changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), notional amounts pertaining to derivatives utilized to manage interest rate risk, including offsetting positions, totaled $4.6$3.2 billion and $6.5$4.7 billion, respectively, ($4.5$3.1 billion and $6.4$4.7 billion, respectively, related to investments and $100$2 and $100,$34, respectively, related to liabilities).liabilities. The fair value of these derivatives was $(404)$(101) and $(377)$(356) as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. These amounts do not include derivatives associated with the Variable Annuity Hedging Program.
Assets and Liabilities subject to Interest Rate Risk
Fixed MaturityIncome Investments
The fair value of fixed maturity securitiesincome investments, which include fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans, and short-term investments, was $23.9$16.8 billion and $24.8$26.8 billion at December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The weighted average duration of the portfolio, including fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans, certain derivatives, and cash equivalents,derivative instruments, was approximately 6.87.7 years and 6.67.6 years as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Liabilities
The Company’s issued investment contracts and certain insurance product liabilities, other than non-guaranteed separate accounts, include asset accumulation vehicles such as fixed annuities, guaranteed investment products, and other investment and universal life-type contracts. The primary risk associated with these products is that, despite the use of market value adjustment features and surrender charges, the spread between investment return and credited rate may not be sufficient to earn targeted returns.
Asset accumulation vehicles primarily require a fixed rate payment, often for a specified period of time, and fixed rate annuities contain surrender values that are based uponon a market value adjusted formula if held for shorter periods. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $4,069 and $4,751, respectively, of liabilities for fixed annuities predominantly with 3% minimum interest guarantees and $94 and $120, respectively, of liabilities for guaranteed investment products.
In addition, certain products such as corporate owned life insurance ("COLI") contracts and the general account portion of variable annuity products credit interest to policyholders subject to market conditions and minimum interest rate guarantees. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $5,187$1,785 and $5,613,$1,806 of general account COLI, respectively, with minimum interest guarantees ranging from 4.0% to 4.5%. As of liabilities for fixed annuitiesDecember 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and $1942017 (Predecessor Company), the general account portion of variable annuity contracts was $2,984 and $192,$3,225, respectively, of liabilities for guaranteed investment products.with minimum guarantees ranging from 1.5% to 4.0%.


The Company's issued non-investment type contracts include structured settlement contracts, terminal funding agreements, and on-benefit payout annuities (i.e., the annuitant is currently receiving benefits). The cash outflows associated with these policy liabilities are not interest rate sensitive but do vary based on the timing. actual to expected mortality experience. Similar to investment-type products, the aggregate cash flow payment streams are relatively predictable. Products in this category may rely upon actuarial pricing assumptions (including mortality and morbidity) and have an element of cash flow uncertainty. Additionally, due to the long duration of these liabilities, these products are subject to reinvestment risk. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $6,887$11,104 and $6,934,$6,841, respectively, of liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements and $1,636$1,696 and $1,647,$1,627, respectively, of liabilities for on-benefit payout annuities. The increase in liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements as of December 31, 2018 was due to the election of purchase and pushdown accounting as a result of the sale of the Company to HHLP on May 31, 2018. For further information see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Rate Sensitivity
Fixed Liabilities and the Invested Assets Supporting Fixed LiabilitiesThem
Included in the following table is the before-tax change in the net economic value of investment contracts including structured settlements, fixed annuity contracts and terminal funding agreements for which the payment rates are fixed at contract issuance and/or the investment experience is substantially absorbed by the Company’s operations, along with the corresponding invested assets. Also included in this analysis are the interest rate sensitive derivatives used by the Company to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in the investment portfolios supporting these contracts. This analysis does not includeNote that for purposes of the sensitivities outlined below, the net economic value is shown, which is net of reinsurance and is the difference between the change in the market value of the assets, and correspondingthe change in the market value of the liabilities of certain insurance products such as certain life contingent annuities. Certain financial instruments, such as limited partnerships and other alternative investments, have been omitted fromutilizing the analysis due to the fact that these investments generally lack sensitivity to interest rate changes. Insulated separate account assets and liabilities are excluded from the analysis because gains and losses in separate accounts accrue to policyholders.Company's internal methodology for calculating economic value.
The calculation of the estimated hypothetical change in net economic value below assumes a 100 basis point upward and downward parallel shift in the yield curve.
Change in Net Economic Value as of December 31,Change in Net Economic Value as of December 31,
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of fixed liabilities and invested assets supporting themChange in Net Economic Value as of December 31,20182017
20162015
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
-100
+100
-100
+100
Increase (decrease) in economic value, before tax$(634)$409
$(429)$261
(Decrease) increase in economic value, before tax$(307)$214
$(902)$550
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $18.3$12.4 billion and $18.3$22.7 billion, as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The assets supporting the fixed liabilities are monitored and managed within set duration guidelines, and are evaluated on a daily basis, as well as annually using scenario simulation techniques in compliance with regulatory requirements. For further discussion on the reinsurance agreements with Commonwealth and the impact to invested assets, please see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Composition of Invested Assets.
Invested Assets Not Supporting Fixed Liabilities
The following table provides an analysis showing the estimated before-tax change in the fair value of the Company’s investments and related derivatives, excluding assets supporting fixed liabilities which are included in the table above, assuming 100 basis point upward and downward parallel shifts in the yield curve as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015. Certain financial instruments, such as limited partnerships and other alternative investments, have been omitted from the analysis due to the fact that these investments generally lack sensitivity to interest rate changes.2017 (Predecessor Company).
Change in Fair Value as of December 31,Change in Fair Value as of December 31,
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of invested assets not supporting fixed liabilitiesChange in Fair Value as of December 31,20182017
20162015
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
-100
+100
-100
+100
Increase (decrease) in fair value, before tax$453
$(409)$454
$(405)$324
$(264)$281
$(215)
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $9.8$2.8 billion and $10.0$2.2 billion, as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
The selection of the 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve was made only as an illustration of the potential hypothetical impact of such an event and should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Actual results could differ materially from those illustrated above due to the nature of the estimates and assumptions used in the above analysis. The Company’s sensitivity analysis calculation assumes that the composition of invested assets and liabilities remain materially consistent throughout the year and that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates will remain constant over time. As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the impact of portfolio re-allocations, significant product sales or non-parallel changes in interest rates.


Equity Risk
Equity risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the value of global equities or equity indices.
Sources of Equity Risk
The Company has exposure to equity risk from general account assets, variable annuity fund assets under management and embedded derivatives within the Company’s variable annuities.annuity products. The Company’s variable products are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets, as discussed below.


Impact of Equity Risk on the Company’s Variable Annuity products is mitigated through various hedging programs. For further information, referGeneral Account Products
Declines in equity markets may result in losses due to Enterprise Risk Management, Managing Equity Risk on Variable Annuity Products.
The Company’s exposure to equity risk includes the potential for lower earnings associated with certain of its businesses such as variable annuities where fee income is earned based upon the fairsales or reductions in market value of the assets under management.that are recorded within reported earnings. Declines in equity markets may also decrease the value of limited partnerships and other alternative investments. In addition, the Company offers certain guaranteed benefits, primarily associated with variable annuity products, which increases the Company’s potential benefit exposure in periods that equity markets decline. For further discussion of equity risk, see the Managing Equity Risk on Variable Annuity Products section.
Reinsurance as a Risk Management Strategy
The Company utilizes reinsurance to transfer risk to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers. Reinsurance is used to transfer certain risk to reinsurance companies based on specific risk concentrations. All reinsurance processes are aligned under a single enterprise reinsurance risk management policy. Reinsurance purchasing is a centralized function across The Hartford to support a consistent strategy and to ensure that the reinsurance activities are fully integrated into the organization's risk management processes.
The Company uses reinsurance for a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006. The Company also uses reinsurance for a majority of the GMDB NAR.
The Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations couldinvestments or result in losses to the Company.
The components of the gross and net reinsurance recoverables are summarized as follows:
 As of December 31,
Reinsurance Recoverables20162015
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable$20,725
$20,499
Gross reinsurance recoverables20,725
20,499
Less: Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance [1]

Net reinsurance recoverables$20,725
$20,499
[1]No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance is required as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company has reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6 billion and $10.8 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6 billion and $10.4 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations to its direct policyholders that have been reinsured to MassMutual and Prudential are secured by invested assets held in trust. Net of invested assets held in trust, as of December 31, 2016, the Company has $1.2 billion of reinsurance recoverables from Prudential representing approximately 15% of the Company's consolidated stockholder's equity. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has no other reinsurance-related concentrations of credit risk greater than 10% of the Company’s Consolidated Stockholder's Equity.on derivatives, including on embedded product derivatives, thereby negatively impacting our reported earnings.
Managing Equity Risk on Variable Annuity Products
Most of the Company’s variable annuities include GMDB and certain contracts with GMDB also include GMWB features.
Impact
The Company’s variable annuity contracts are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets. Generally, declines in equity markets will:
reduce the value of assets under management and the amount of fee income generated from those assets;
increase the value of derivative assets used to hedge product guarantees resulting in realized capital gains;
increase the costs of the hedging instruments we use in our hedging program;
increase the Company’s net amount at risk ("NAR"), described below, for GMDB and GMWB;
increase the amount of required assets to be held backing variable annuity guarantees to maintain required regulatory reserve levels and targeted risk based capital ratios; and
decrease the Company’s estimated future gross profits, resulting in a VOBA unlock charge.
Increases in equity markets will generally have the inverse impact of those listed in the preceding discussion.
Declines in the equity markets will increase the Company’s liability for these benefits. Many contracts with a GMDB include a maximum anniversary value ("MAV"),MAV, which in rising markets resets the guarantee on the anniversary to be 'at"at the money'money". As the MAV increases, it can increase the NAR for subsequent declines in account value. Generally, a GMWB contract is ‘in"in the money’money" if the contractholder’s guaranteed remaining balance ("GRB")GRB becomes greater than the account value.
The NAR is generally defined as the guaranteed minimum benefit amount in excess of the contractholder’s current account value. Variable annuity account values with guarantee features were $40.7$31.8 billion and $44.2$39.0 billion as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.


The following tables summarize the account values of the Company’s variable annuities with guarantee features and the NAR split between various guarantee features (retained net amount at risk is net of reinsurance, but does not take into consideration the effects of the variable annuity hedge programs currently in place as of each balance sheet date):.
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees
As of December 31, 2016
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2018Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2018
Successor CompanySuccessor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]    
GMDB$40.7
$3.3
$0.7
28%14%
GMDB [4]$31.8
$4.0
$1.2
59%13%
GMWB18.3
0.2
0.1
7%13%14.2
0.3
0.2
11%13%
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees
As of December 31, 2015
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2017Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2017
Predecessor CompanyPredecessor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]    
GMDB$44.2
$4.2
$1.1
55%9%
GMDB [4]$39.0
$2.9
$0.6
15%26%
GMWB20.2
0.2
0.2
11%9%17.8
0.2
0.1
4%19%
[1]PoliciesContracts with a guaranteed living benefit also have a guaranteed death benefit. The NAR for each benefit is shown; however these benefits are not additive. When a policy terminates due to death, any NAR related to GMWB is released. Similarly, when a policy goes into benefit status on a GMWB, the GMDB NAR is reduced to zero.
[2]Excludes contracts that are fully reinsured.
[3]For all contracts that are “in"in the money”money", this represents the percentage by which the average contract was in"in the money.money".
[4]Excludes contracts without a GMDB due to certain elections made by policyholders or their beneficiaries. Such contracts had $1.8 billion of account value as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company).


Many policyholders with a GMDB also have a GMWB. These benefits are not additive. Policyholders that have a product that offerswith both guarantees can only receive, at most, the greater of the GMDB or GMWB. The GMDB NAR disclosed in the preceding tables is a point in time measurement and assumes that all participants utilize the GMDB on that measurement date.
The Company expects to incur GMDB payments in the future only if the policyholder has an “in"in the money”money" GMDB at their death. For policies with a GMWB rider, the company expects to incur GMWB payments in the future only if the account value is reduced over time to a specified level through a combination of market performance and periodic withdrawals, at which point the contractholder will receive an annuity with total payments equal to the GRB, which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. For the Company’s “life-time”"lifetime" GMWB products, this annuity can exceedhave total payments exceeding the GRB. As the account value fluctuates with equity market returns on a daily basis and the “life-time”"lifetime" GMWB payments may exceed the GRB, the ultimate amount to be paid by the Company, if any, is uncertain and could be significantly more or less than the Company’s current carried liability. For additional information on the Company’s GMWB liability, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on the Company's GMDB liability, see Note 7 - Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Variable Annuity Market Risk Exposures
The following table summarizes the broad Variable Annuity Guarantees offered by the Company and the market risks to which the guarantee is most exposed from a U.S. GAAP accounting perspective.
Variable Annuity Guarantees [1]U.S. GAAP Treatment [1]Primary Market Risk Exposures [1]
GMDB and life-contingent component of the GMWBAccumulation of the portion of fees required to cover expected claims, less accumulation of actual claims paidEquity Market Levels
GMWB (excluding life-contingent portions)Fair ValueEquity Market Levels / Implied Volatility / Interest Rates
[1]Each of these guarantees and the related U.S. GAAP accounting volatility will also be influenced by actual and estimated policyholder behavior.


Risk Hedging
Variable Annuity Hedging Program
TheThrough the use of reinsurance, capital market derivatives and other derivative instruments, the Company’s variable annuity hedging program is primarily focused through the use of reinsurance and capital market derivative instruments, on reducing the economic exposure to market risks associated with guaranteed benefits that are embedded in our variable annuity contracts. The variable annuity hedging program also considers the potential impacts on statutory capital.
Reinsurance
The Company uses reinsurance for a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006. The Company also uses reinsurance for a majority of the GMDB NAR.
Capital Market Derivativesriders where the GMDB is higher than a return of premium death benefit or account value benefit.
GMWB Hedge Program
Under the dynamic hedging program, the Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge market risk exposures associated with the portions of GMWB liabilities that are not life-contingent and are not reinsured. These derivative contracts include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options, and futures on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index.
Additionally, the Company holds customized capital market derivative contracts to provide protection from certain capital market risks for the remaining term of specified blocks of non-reinsured GMWB riders. These customized derivative contracts are based on policyholder behavior assumptions specified at the inception of the derivative contracts. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices.
While the Company actively manages this dynamic hedging program, increased U.S. GAAP earnings volatility may result from factors including, but not limited to: policyholder behavior, capital markets, divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and the hedging indices, changes in hedging positions and the relative emphasis placed on various risk management objectives.


Macro Hedge Program
The Company’s macro hedging program uses derivative instruments, such as options and futures on equities and interest rates, to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from GMWB and GMDB liabilities on the Company’s statutory surplus.surplus as well as to protect a portion of the expected fee revenue to be received on variable annuity contracts. These macro hedges cover some of the residual risks not otherwise covered by the dynamic hedging program. Management assesses this residual risk under various scenarios in designing and executing the macro hedge program. The macro hedge program will result in additional U.S. GAAP earnings volatility as changes in the value of the macro hedge derivatives, which are designed to reduce statutory reserve and capital volatility, may not be closely aligned to changes in U.S. GAAP liabilities.
Variable Annuity Hedging Program Sensitivities
The underlying guaranteed withdrawal benefit liabilities (excluding the life contingent portion of GMWB contracts) and hedge assets within the GMWB hedge and Macro hedge programs are carried at fair value.
The following table presents our estimates of the potential instantaneous impacts from sudden market stresses related to equity market prices, interest rates, and implied market volatilities. The following sensitivities represent: (1) the net estimated difference between the change in the fair value of GMWB liabilities and the underlying hedge instruments and (2) the estimated change in fair value of the hedge instruments for the macro program, before the impacts of amortization of DAC,VOBA and taxes. As noted in the preceding discussion, certain hedge assets are used to hedge liabilities that are not carried at fair value and will not have a liability offset in the U.S. GAAP sensitivity analysis. All sensitivities are measured as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and are related to the fair value of liabilities and hedge instruments in place at that date for the Company’s variable annuity hedge programs. The impacts presented in the table that follows are estimated individually and measured without consideration of any correlation among market risk factors.


GAAP Sensitivity AnalysisAs of December 31, 2016
(before tax and DAC) [1]GMWBMacro
GAAP Sensitivity Analysis (before tax and VOBA) as of December 31, 2018 [1]GAAP Sensitivity Analysis (before tax and VOBA) as of December 31, 2018 [1]
Successor CompanySuccessor Company
GMWBMacro
Equity Market Return-20 %-10 %10 %-20 %-10 %10 %-20 %-10 %10 %-20 %-10 %10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(3)$1
$(5)$265
$112
$(80)$(6)$(2)$(1)$432
$181
$(132)
Interest Rates-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(3)$(1)$(1)$6
$3
$(2)$(4)$(1)$(1)$47
$23
$(22)
Implied Volatilities10 %2 %-10 %10 %2 %-10 %10 %2 %-10 %10 %2 %-10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(69)$(14)$67
$136
$27
$(125)$(79)$(14)$59
$259
$53
$(270)
[1]These sensitivities are based on the following key market levels as of December 31, 2016:2018: 1) S&P of 2,239;2,507; 2) 10yr USU.S. swap rate of 2.38%;2.73% and 3) S&P 10yr volatility of 27.06%23.00%.
The preceding sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not be used to predict the future financial performance of the Company's variable annuity hedge programs. The actual net changes in the fair value liability and the hedging assets illustrated in the preceding table may vary materially depending on a variety of factors which include but are not limited to:
The sensitivity analysis is only valid as of the measurement date and assumes instantaneous changes in the capital market factors and no ability to rebalance hedge positions prior to the market changes;
Changes to the underlying hedging program, policyholder behavior, and variation in underlying fund performance relative to the hedged index, which could materially impact the liability; and
The impact of elapsed time on liabilities or hedge assets, any non-parallel shifts in capital market factors, or correlated moves across the sensitivities.

The Company holds hedge positions in the macro hedge program to reduce open equity risk exposure, which increased the sensitivity that changes in equity market returns would have on GAAP net income.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Foreign currency exchange risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the relative value between currencies.
Sources of Currency Risk
The Company has foreign currency exchange risk in non-U.S. dollar denominated investments, which primarily consist of fixed maturity and equity investments, foreign denominated cash and a yen denominated fixed payout annuity.


Impact
Changes in relative values between currencies can create variability in cash flows and realized or unrealized gains and losses on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities. Based on the fair values of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar denominated securities and derivative instruments as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), management estimates that a hypothetical 10% unfavorable change in exchange rates would decrease the fair values by an immaterial amount.
Management
The open foreign currency exposure of non-U.S. dollar denominated investments will most commonly be reduced through the sale of the assets or through hedges using currency futures/forwards/swaps. In order to manage the currency risk related to any non-U.S. dollar denominated liability contracts, the Company enters into foreign currency swaps or holds non-U.S. dollar denominated investments.
Assets and Liabilities Subject to Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities, equities and cash
The fair values of the non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities at December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 20152017 (Predecessor Company) were approximately $77$94 and $366,$104, respectively. Included in these amounts are $5$4 and $6$5 at December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively, related to non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities that directly support liabilities denominated in the same currencies. The currency risk of the remaining non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities are hedged with foreign currency swaps. In addition,As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company holds $533$203 of yen-denominated cash, of which $327 is hedged with foreign currency forwards and $206$203 is derivative cash collateral pledged by counterparties and has an offsetting collateral liability.
The As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company has entered into pay U.S. dollar, receive yen swap contracts to hedge the currency exposure between the U.S. dollar denominated assets and the yen denominated fixed liability reinsurance payments.also holds $1 of Canadian-denominated cash.
Non-U.S. dollar denominated funding agreement liability contracts
The Company hedged the foreign currency risk associated with these liability contracts with currency rate swaps. At December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the derivatives used to hedge foreign currency exchange risk related to foreign denominated liability contracts had a total notional amount of $94, and $94, and a total fair value of $(25)$(13) and $(26)$(11), respectively.
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events.
Sources of Operational Risk
Operational risk is inherent in the Company's business and functional areas. Operational risks include legal; cyber and information security; models; third party vendors; technology; operations; business continuity; disaster recovery; internal and external fraud; and compliance. The Company will be exposed to an increased level of operational risk as it separates from the current transition services agreement ("TSA") with The Hartford.
Impact
Operational risk can result in financial loss, disruption of our business, regulatory actions or damage to our reputation.
Management
Responsibility for day-to-day management of operational risk lies within each functional area. ERM provides an enterprise-wide view of the Company's operational risk. ERM is responsible for establishing, maintaining and communicating the framework, principles and guidelines of the Company's operational risk management program. Operational risk mitigation strategies include the following:
Establishing policies and monitoring risk tolerances and exceptions;
Conducting business risk assessments and implementing action plans where necessary;
Validating existing crisis management protocols;
Identifying and monitoring emerging risks; and
Purchasing insurance coverage.
Cybersecurity Risk
In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company entered into a TSA with The Hartford for a period of up to two years. These transition services include general ledger and cash management, investment accounting and information technology infrastructure services. Pursuant to the TSA, the Company leverages and monitors the controls of The Hartford while it continues to operate on their Information Technology ("IT") environment. The Hartford has implemented information protection and privacy programs with established governance routines that promote an adaptive approach for assessing and managing risks. The Hartford has

invested to build a ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy that uses multiple security measures to protect the integrity of the Company's information assets. This ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy aligns to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cyber Security Framework and provides preventative, detective and responsive measures that collectively protects the company. Various cyber assurance methods, including security metrics, third party security assessments, external penetration testing, red team exercises and cyber war game exercises are used to test the effectiveness of the overall cybersecurity control environment.
The Hartford, like many other large financial services companies, blocks attempted cyber intrusions on a daily basis. In the event of a cyber intrusion, the company invokes its Cyber Incident Response Program commensurate with the nature of the intrusion. While the actual methods employed differ based on the event, the approach employs internal teams and outside advisors with specialized skills to support the response and recovery efforts and requires elevation of issues, as necessary, to senior management.
From a governance perspective, senior members of our Enterprise Risk Management, Information Protection and Internal Audit functions provide detailed reports on cybersecurity matters to the Company's Board, including the Audit Committee, which has principal responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity risk, and/or the FIRMCo, which oversees controls for the Company's major risk exposures. The topics to be covered by these updates include the Company's activities, policies and procedures to prevent, detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents, as well as lessons learned from cybersecurity incidents and internal and external testing of our protection measures. The Audit Committee will meet at each regular Board meeting and will be briefed on cyber risks at least annually.
Insurance Risks - Policyholder Behavior, Mortality, and Longevity Risk Management
Insurance risks exist in the form of adverse policyholder behavior, mortality, and longevity risks that can affect value within our underlying annuity products.
Policyholder behavior risk is the risk of policyholders utilizing benefits/options within their fixed and variable annuity contract in a manner or to a degree different than the Company's current expectations.
Additional insurance risks that exist within the annuity products offered by the Company include mortality and longevity risk. Mortality and longevity risk are contingent risks on variable annuity products. The impact of higher or lower mortality only impacts these products to the extent the equity markets perform below longer term market growth expectations, thus increasing the guaranteed benefit amounts and exposing the Company to withdrawal benefit or death benefit guarantees that exceed the variable annuity account value during the payout phase or at death.
Longevity risk also exists across the Company's payout annuity blocks of business, which includes structured settlements, terminal funding, and single premium immediate annuities. Longevity risks for these businesses include medical advances that would specifically impact the life expectancy of annuitants for substandard structured settlements as well as mortality improvement at a greater rate than the Company's current expectations.
Management
The Company’s procedures for managing these risks include periodic experience exposure monitoring and reporting, risk modeling, risk transfer, and capital management strategies.
Reinsurance as a Risk Management Strategy
The Company cedes insurance to unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders.
Impact
Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company.
Management
Reinsurance is a centralized function across the Company to support a consistent strategy and to ensure that the reinsurance activities are fully integrated into the organization's risk management processes.
The Company uses reinsurance for its life insurance, retirement and a portion of its fixed and payout annuity businesses. In addition, the Company uses reinsurance on a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006 and for a majority of the GMDB riders where the GMDB is higher than a return of premium death benefit or account value benefit.


The components of the gross and net reinsurance recoverables are summarized as follows:
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Reinsurance RecoverablesAs of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable$29,564
$20,785
Less: Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance [1]

Net reinsurance recoverables$29,564
$20,785
[1]No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance was required as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company). Although management has determined that no allowance is required at this time, the Company closely monitors the financial condition, ratings and current market information of all its counterparty reinsurers.
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company had reinsurance recoverables from Commonwealth, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual") and Prudential Financial, Inc. ("Prudential") of $9.0 billion, $8.1 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.3 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations to its direct policyholders that have been reinsured to Commonwealth, MassMutual and Prudential are primarily secured by invested assets held in trust.
Use of Credit Derivatives
The Company may also use credit default swaps to manage credit exposure or to assume credit risk to enhance yield. The Company uses credit derivatives to purchase credit protection with respect to a single entity, referenced index, or asset pool. The Company purchases credit protection through credit default swaps to economically hedge and manage credit risk of certain fixed maturity investments across multiple sectors of the investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that purchase credit protection was $45 and $80, respectively, while the fair value was $(1) and $(3), respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
The Company also enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk as part of replication transactions. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies. These swaps reference investment grade single corporate issuers and baskets, which include customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers. These baskets are established within sector concentration limits and may be divided into tranches which possess different credit ratings. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that assume credit risk was $372 and $380, respectively, while the fair value was $3, respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
For further information on credit derivatives, see Note 4 - Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of financial loss due to adverse changes in the value of assets and liabilities arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk encompasses exposures with respect to changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of the term structure of rates and the volatility of interest rates. Interest rate risk does not include exposure to changes in credit spreads.
Sources of Interest Rate Risk
The Company has exposure to interest rates arising from its fixed maturity securities and interest sensitive liabilities. In addition, certain product liabilities, including those containing GMWB or GMDB, expose the Company to interest rate risk but also have significant equity risk. These liabilities are discussed as part of the Variable Product Guarantee Risks and Risk Management section. Management also evaluates performance of certain products based on Statutory Capitalnet investment spread which is, in part, influenced by changes in interest rates.
Statutory surplus amountsImpact
Changes in interest rates from current levels can have both favorable and RBC ratiosunfavorable effects for the Company.
Change in Interest RatesFavorable EffectsUnfavorable Effects
ñAdditional investment incomeDecrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolio
Lower cost of the variable annuity hedgePotential increase in policyholder surrenders, requiring the Company to liquidate assets in an unrealized loss position to fund liability surrender value
Lower margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain productsPotential impact on the Company's tax planning strategies
Higher interest expense
òIncrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolioLower net investment income due to reinvesting at lower investment yields
Lower interest expenseLower interest income on variable rate investments
Acceleration in paydowns and prepayments or calls of certain mortgage-backed and municipal securities
Increased cost of variable annuity hedge program
Potential margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain products

Management
The Company primarily manages its exposure to interest rate risk by constructing investment portfolios that maintain asset allocation limits and asset/liability duration matching targets which may increase or decreaseinclude the use of derivatives. The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models including parametric models and cash flow simulation under various market scenarios of the liabilities and their supporting investment portfolios. Key metrics that the Company uses to quantify its exposure to interest rate risk inherent in any period depending uponits invested assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities include duration, convexity and key rate duration.
The Company may also utilize a variety of factorsderivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk associated with its investment portfolio or to hedge liabilities. Interest rate caps, floors, swaps, swaptions, and futures may be compoundedused to manage portfolio duration. Interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts or payments to a fixed or variable rate. The use of such swaps enables the Company to customize contract terms and conditions to desired objectives and manage the duration profile within established tolerances. Interest rate swaps are also used to hedge the variability in extreme scenariosthe cash flows of a forecasted purchase or sale of fixed rate securities due to changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), notional amounts pertaining to derivatives utilized to manage interest rate risk, including offsetting positions, totaled $3.2 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, $3.1 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, related to investments and $2 and $34, respectively, related to liabilities. The fair value of these derivatives was $(101) and $(356) as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. These amounts do not include derivatives associated with the Variable Annuity Hedging Program.
Assets and Liabilities subject to Interest Rate Risk
Fixed Income Investments
The fair value of fixed income investments, which include fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans, and short-term investments, was $16.8 billion and $26.8 billion at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The weighted average duration of the portfolio, including derivative instruments, was approximately 7.7 years and 7.6 years as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Liabilities
The Company’s issued investment contracts and certain insurance product liabilities, other than non-guaranteed separate accounts, include asset accumulation vehicles such as fixed annuities, guaranteed investment products, and other investment and universal life-type contracts. The primary risk associated with these products is that, despite the use of market value adjustment features and surrender charges, the spread between investment return and credited rate may not be sufficient to earn targeted returns.
Asset accumulation vehicles primarily require a fixed rate payment, often for a specified period of time, and fixed rate annuities contain surrender values that are based on a market value adjusted formula if multiple factors occurheld for shorter periods. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $4,069 and $4,751, respectively, of liabilities for fixed annuities predominantly with 3% minimum interest guarantees and $94 and $120, respectively, of liabilities for guaranteed investment products.
In addition, certain products such as corporate owned life insurance ("COLI") contracts and the general account portion of variable annuity products credit interest to policyholders subject to market conditions and minimum interest rate guarantees. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $1,785 and $1,806 of general account COLI, respectively, with minimum interest guarantees ranging from 4.0% to 4.5%. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the general account portion of variable annuity contracts was $2,984 and $3,225, respectively, with minimum guarantees ranging from 1.5% to 4.0%.
The Company's issued non-investment type contracts include structured settlement contracts, terminal funding agreements, and on-benefit payout annuities (i.e., the annuitant is currently receiving benefits). The cash outflows associated with these policy liabilities are not interest rate sensitive but do vary based on actual to expected mortality experience. Similar to investment-type products, the aggregate cash flow payment streams are relatively predictable. Products in this category may rely upon actuarial pricing assumptions (including mortality and morbidity) and have an element of cash flow uncertainty. Additionally, due to the long duration of these liabilities, these products are subject to reinvestment risk. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $11,104 and $6,841, respectively, of liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements and $1,696 and $1,627, respectively, of liabilities for on-benefit payout annuities. The increase in liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements as of December 31, 2018 was due to the election of purchase and pushdown accounting as a result of the sale of the Company to HHLP on May 31, 2018. For further information see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Rate Sensitivity
Fixed Liabilities and the Invested Assets Supporting Them
Included in the following table is the before-tax change in the net economic value of investment contracts including structured settlements, fixed annuity contracts and terminal funding agreements for which the payment rates are fixed at contract issuance and/or the same time. In general,investment experience is substantially absorbed by the Company’s operations, along with the corresponding invested assets. Also included in this analysis are the interest rate sensitive derivatives used by the Company to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in the investment portfolios supporting these contracts. Note that for purposes of the sensitivities outlined below, the net economic value is shown, which is net of reinsurance and is the difference between the change in the market value of the assets, and the change in the market value of the liabilities utilizing the Company's internal methodology for calculating economic value.
The calculation of the estimated hypothetical change in net economic value below assumes a 100 basis point upward and downward parallel shift in the yield curve.
Change in Net Economic Value as of December 31,
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of fixed liabilities and invested assets supporting them20182017
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
 (Decrease) increase in economic value, before tax$(307)$214
$(902)$550
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $12.4 billion and $22.7 billion, as equity market levelsof December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and interest rates decline,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The assets supporting the amountfixed liabilities are monitored and volatility of both our actual or potential obligation,managed within set duration guidelines, and are evaluated on a daily basis, as well as annually using scenario simulation techniques in compliance with regulatory requirements. For further discussion on the reinsurance agreements with Commonwealth and the impact to invested assets, please see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Composition of Invested Assets.
Invested Assets Not Supporting Fixed Liabilities
The following table provides an analysis showing the estimated before-tax change in the fair value of the Company’s investments and related statutory surplusderivatives, excluding assets supporting fixed liabilities which are included in the table above, assuming 100 basis point upward and capital margin candownward parallel shifts in the yield curve as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company).
Change in Fair Value as of December 31,
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of invested assets not supporting fixed liabilities20182017
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
 Increase (decrease) in fair value, before tax$324
$(264)$281
$(215)
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $2.8 billion and $2.2 billion, as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
The selection of the 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve was made only as an illustration of the potential hypothetical impact of such an event and should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Actual results could differ materially negatively affected, sometimes atfrom those illustrated above due to the nature of the estimates and assumptions used in the above analysis. The Company’s sensitivity analysis calculation assumes that the composition of invested assets and liabilities remain materially consistent throughout the year and that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates will remain constant over time. As a greater than linear rate. At timesresult, these calculations may not fully capture the impact of portfolio re-allocations, significant product sales or non-parallel changes in interest rates.
Equity Risk
Equity risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the value of global equities or equity indices.
Sources of Equity Risk
The Company has exposure to equity risk from general account assets, variable annuity fund assets under management and embedded derivatives within the Company’s variable annuity products. The Company’s variable products are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets, as discussed below.


Impact of Equity Risk on General Account Products
Declines in equity markets may result in losses due to sales or reductions in market value that are recorded within reported earnings. Declines in equity markets may also decrease the value of limited partnerships and other alternative investments or result in losses on derivatives, including on embedded product derivatives, thereby negatively impacting our reported earnings.
Managing Equity Risk on Variable Annuity Products
Most of the Company’s variable annuities include GMDB and certain market factors orcontracts with GMDB also include GMWB features.
Impact
The Company’s variable annuity contracts are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets. Generally, declines in equity markets will:
reduce the value of assets under management and the amount of fee income generated from those assets;
increase the value of derivative assets used to hedge product guarantees resulting in realized capital gains;
increase the costs of the hedging instruments we use in our hedging program;
increase the Company’s net amount at risk ("NAR"), described below, for GMDB and GMWB;
increase the amount of required assets to be held backing variable annuity guarantees to maintain required regulatory reserve levels and targeted risk based capital ratios; and
decrease the Company’s estimated future gross profits, resulting in a combination of multiple factors on RBC ratios can be counterintuitive. Factors include:VOBA unlock charge.
DifferencesIncreases in performance of variable subaccounts relative to indices and/or realized equity and interest rate volatilities may affect RBC ratios.
Rising equity markets will generally resulthave the inverse impact of those listed in the preceding discussion.
Declines in the equity markets will increase the Company’s liability for these benefits. Many contracts with a GMDB include a MAV, which in rising markets resets the guarantee on the anniversary to be "at the money". As the MAV increases, it can increase the NAR for subsequent declines in account value. Generally, a GMWB contract is "in the money" if the contractholder’s GRB becomes greater than the account value.
The NAR is generally defined as the guaranteed minimum benefit amount in excess of the contractholder’s current account value. Variable annuity account values with guarantee features were $31.8 billion and $39.0 billion as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
The following tables summarize the account values of the Company’s variable annuities with guarantee features and the NAR split between various guarantee features (retained net amount at risk is net of reinsurance, but does not take into consideration the effects of the variable annuity hedge programs currently in place as of each balance sheet date).
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2018
Successor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]     
GMDB [4]$31.8
$4.0
$1.2
59%13%
GMWB14.2
0.3
0.2
11%13%
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2017
Predecessor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]     
GMDB [4]$39.0
$2.9
$0.6
15%26%
GMWB17.8
0.2
0.1
4%19%
[1]Contracts with a guaranteed living benefit also have a guaranteed death benefit. The NAR for each benefit is shown; however these benefits are not additive.
[2]Excludes contracts that are fully reinsured.
[3]For all contracts that are "in the money", this represents the percentage by which the average contract was "in the money".
[4]Excludes contracts without a GMDB due to certain elections made by policyholders or their beneficiaries. Such contracts had $1.8 billion of account value as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company).


Many policyholders with a GMDB also have a GMWB. These benefits are not additive. Policyholders that have a product with both guarantees can receive, at most, the greater of the GMDB or GMWB. The GMDB NAR disclosed in the preceding tables is a point in time measurement and assumes that all participants utilize the GMDB on that measurement date.
The Company expects to incur GMDB payments in the future only if the policyholder has an increase"in the money" GMDB at their death. For policies with a GMWB rider, the company expects to incur GMWB payments in statutory surplusthe future only if the account value is reduced over time to a specified level through a combination of market performance and RBC ratios. However, asperiodic withdrawals, at which point the contractholder will receive an annuity with total payments equal to the GRB, which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. For the Company’s "lifetime" GMWB products, this annuity can have total payments exceeding the GRB. As the account value fluctuates with equity market returns on a resultdaily basis and the "lifetime" GMWB payments may exceed the GRB, the ultimate amount to be paid by the Company, if any, is uncertain and could be significantly more or less than the Company’s current carried liability. For additional information on the Company’s GMWB liability, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on the Company's GMDB liability, see Note 7 - Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Variable Annuity Market Risk Exposures
The following table summarizes the broad Variable Annuity Guarantees offered by the Company and the market risks to which the guarantee is most exposed from a numberU.S. GAAP accounting perspective.
Variable Annuity Guarantees [1]U.S. GAAP Treatment [1]Primary Market Risk Exposures [1]
GMDB and life-contingent component of the GMWBAccumulation of the portion of fees required to cover expected claims, less accumulation of actual claims paidEquity Market Levels
GMWB (excluding life-contingent portions)Fair ValueEquity Market Levels / Implied Volatility / Interest Rates
[1]Each of these guarantees and the related U.S. GAAP accounting volatility will also be influenced by actual and estimated policyholder behavior.
Risk Hedging
Variable Annuity Hedging Program
Through the use of factors andreinsurance, capital market conditions, including the level of hedging costsderivatives and other risk transfer activities, reserve requirements for death and living benefit guarantees and RBC requirements could increasederivative instruments, the Company’s variable annuity hedging program is primarily focused on reducing the economic exposure to market risks associated with rising equity markets, resultingguaranteed benefits that are embedded in lower RBC ratios. our variable annuity contracts. The variable annuity hedging program also considers the potential impacts on statutory capital.
Reinsurance
The Company has reinsured approximately 39%uses reinsurance for a portion of its risk associatedcontracts with GMWB and 79%riders issued prior to the second quarter of its2006. The Company also uses reinsurance for a majority of the GMDB riders where the GMDB is higher than a return of premium death benefit or account value benefit.
GMWB Hedge Program
Under the dynamic hedging program, the Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge market risk exposures associated with the aggregateportions of GMWB liabilities that are not life-contingent and are not reinsured. These derivative contracts include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options, and futures on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index.
Additionally, the Company holds customized capital market derivative contracts to provide protection from certain capital market risks for the remaining term of specified blocks of non-reinsured GMWB riders. These customized derivative contracts are based on policyholder behavior assumptions specified at the inception of the derivative contracts. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices.
While the Company actively manages this dynamic hedging program, increased U.S. GAAP earnings volatility may result from factors including, but not limited to: policyholder behavior, capital markets, divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and the hedging indices, changes in hedging positions and the relative emphasis placed on various risk management objectives.


Macro Hedge Program
The Company’s macro hedging program uses derivative instruments, such as options and futures on equities and interest rates, to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from GMWB and GMDB exposure. These reinsurance agreements reduceliabilities on the Company’s exposurestatutory surplus as well as to changesprotect a portion of the expected fee revenue to be received on variable annuity contracts. These macro hedges cover some of the residual risks not otherwise covered by the dynamic hedging program. Management assesses this residual risk under various scenarios in designing and executing the statutory reserves and the related capital and RBC ratios associated withmacro hedge program. The macro hedge program will result in additional U.S. GAAP earnings volatility as changes in the capital markets.
A decrease in the value of certain fixed-incomethe macro hedge derivatives, which are designed to reduce statutory reserve and equity securitiescapital volatility, may not be closely aligned to changes in U.S. GAAP liabilities.
Variable Annuity Hedging Program Sensitivities
The underlying guaranteed withdrawal benefit liabilities (excluding the life contingent portion of GMWB contracts) and hedge assets within the GMWB hedge and Macro hedge programs are carried at fair value.
The following table presents our investment portfolio, due in part to credit spreads widening, may result in a decrease in statutory surplus and RBC ratios.
Credit spreads on invested assets may increase sharply for certain sub-sectorsestimates of the overall creditpotential instantaneous impacts from sudden market resulting in statutory separate account assetstresses related to equity market value losses. As actual credit spreads are not fully reflectedprices, interest rates, and implied market volatilities. The following sensitivities represent: (1) the net estimated difference between the change in the current crediting rates,fair value of GMWB liabilities and the calculation of statutory reserves for fixed MVA annuities will not substantially offsetunderlying hedge instruments and (2) the estimated change in fair value of the statutory separate account assets resulting in reductions in statutory surplus.
Decreaseshedge instruments for the macro program, before the impacts of amortization of VOBA and taxes. As noted in the preceding discussion, certain hedge assets are used to hedge liabilities that are not carried at fair value and will not have a liability offset in the U.S. GAAP sensitivity analysis. All sensitivities are measured as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and are related to the fair value of certain derivativeliabilities and hedge instruments in place at that dodate for the Company’s variable annuity hedge programs. The impacts presented in the table that follows are estimated individually and measured without consideration of any correlation among market risk factors.
GAAP Sensitivity Analysis (before tax and VOBA) as of December 31, 2018 [1]
Successor Company
 GMWBMacro
Equity Market Return-20 %-10 %10 %-20 %-10 %10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(6)$(2)$(1)$432
$181
$(132)
Interest Rates-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(4)$(1)$(1)$47
$23
$(22)
Implied Volatilities10 %2 %-10 %10 %2 %-10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(79)$(14)$59
$259
$53
$(270)
[1]These sensitivities are based on the following key market levels as of December 31, 2018: 1) S&P of 2,507; 2) 10yr U.S. swap rate of 2.73% and 3) S&P 10yr volatility of 23.00%.
The preceding sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not getbe used to predict the future financial performance of the Company's variable annuity hedge accounting,programs. The actual net changes in the fair value liability and the hedging assets illustrated in the preceding table may reduce statutory surplusvary materially depending on a variety of factors which include but are not limited to:
The sensitivity analysis is only valid as of the measurement date and RBC ratios.
Sustained low interest rates with respectassumes instantaneous changes in the capital market factors and no ability to rebalance hedge positions prior to the fixed annuity business may resultmarket changes;
Changes to the underlying hedging program, policyholder behavior, and variation in a reduction in statutory surplus and an increase in NAIC required capital.
Non-market factors,underlying fund performance relative to the hedged index, which can alsocould materially impact the amountliability; and volatility
The impact of both our actual potential obligation, as well aselapsed time on liabilities or hedge assets, any non-parallel shifts in capital market factors, or correlated moves across the related statutory surplus and capital margin, include actual and estimated policyholder behavior experience as it pertainssensitivities.
The Company holds hedge positions in the macro hedge program to lapsation, partial withdrawals, and mortality.
Most of these factors are outside ofreduce open equity risk exposure, which increased the Company’s control. The Company’s financial strength and credit ratings are significantly influenced by its statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios of our insurance company subsidiaries. In addition, rating agencies may implementsensitivity that changes to their internal models thatin equity market returns would have the effect of increasing or decreasing the amount of statutory capital we must hold in order to maintain our current ratings.

on GAAP net income.
CreditForeign Currency Exchange Risk
CreditForeign currency exchange risk is the risk to earnings or capital due to uncertainty of an obligor’s or counterparty’s ability or willingness to meet its obligations in accordance with contractually agreed upon terms. Credit risk is comprised of three major factors: the risk of change in credit quality, or credit migration risk; the risk of default; and the risk of a change in valuefinancial loss due to changes in credit spread.the relative value between currencies.
Sources of Currency Risk
The Company has foreign currency exchange risk in non-U.S. dollar denominated investments, which primarily consist of fixed maturity and equity investments, foreign denominated cash and a yen denominated fixed payout annuity.


Impact
Changes in relative values between currencies can create variability in cash flows and realized or unrealized gains and losses on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities. Based on the fair values of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar denominated securities and derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), management estimates that a hypothetical 10% unfavorable change in exchange rates would decrease the fair values by an immaterial amount.
Management
The open foreign currency exposure of non-U.S. dollar denominated investments will most commonly be reduced through the sale of the assets or through hedges using currency futures/forwards/swaps. In order to manage the currency risk related to any non-U.S. dollar denominated liability contracts, the Company enters into foreign currency swaps or holds non-U.S. dollar denominated investments.
Assets and Liabilities Subject to Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities, equities and cash
The fair values of the non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company) were approximately $94 and $104, respectively. Included in these amounts are $4 and $5 at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively, related to non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities that directly support liabilities denominated in the same currencies. The currency risk of the remaining non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities are hedged with foreign currency swaps. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company holds $203 of yen-denominated cash, of which $203 is derivative cash collateral pledged by counterparties and has an offsetting collateral liability. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company also holds $1 of Canadian-denominated cash.
Non-U.S. dollar denominated funding agreement liability contracts
The Company hedged the foreign currency risk associated with these liability contracts with currency rate swaps. At December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the derivatives used to hedge foreign currency exchange risk related to foreign denominated liability contracts had a total notional amount of $94, and a total fair value of $(13) and $(11), respectively.
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events.
Sources of Operational Risk
Operational risk is inherent in the Company's business and functional areas. Operational risks include legal; cyber and information security; models; third party vendors; technology; operations; business continuity; disaster recovery; internal and external fraud; and compliance. The Company will be exposed to an increased level of operational risk as it separates from the current transition services agreement ("TSA") with The Hartford.
Impact
Operational risk can result in financial loss, disruption of our business, regulatory actions or damage to our reputation.
Management
Responsibility for day-to-day management of operational risk lies within each functional area. ERM provides an enterprise-wide view of the Company's operational risk. ERM is responsible for establishing, maintaining and communicating the framework, principles and guidelines of the Company's operational risk management program. Operational risk mitigation strategies include the following:
Establishing policies and monitoring risk tolerances and exceptions;
Conducting business risk assessments and implementing action plans where necessary;
Validating existing crisis management protocols;
Identifying and monitoring emerging risks; and
Purchasing insurance coverage.
Cybersecurity Risk
In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company entered into a TSA with The Hartford for a period of up to two years. These transition services include general ledger and cash management, investment accounting and information technology infrastructure services. Pursuant to the TSA, the Company leverages and monitors the controls of The Hartford while it continues to operate on their Information Technology ("IT") environment. The Hartford has implemented information protection and privacy programs with established governance routines that promote an adaptive approach for assessing and managing risks. The Hartford has

invested to build a ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy that uses multiple security measures to protect the integrity of the Company's information assets. This ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy aligns to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cyber Security Framework and provides preventative, detective and responsive measures that collectively protects the company. Various cyber assurance methods, including security metrics, third party security assessments, external penetration testing, red team exercises and cyber war game exercises are used to test the effectiveness of the overall cybersecurity control environment.
The Hartford, like many other large financial services companies, blocks attempted cyber intrusions on a daily basis. In the event of a cyber intrusion, the company invokes its Cyber Incident Response Program commensurate with the nature of the intrusion. While the actual methods employed differ based on the event, the approach employs internal teams and outside advisors with specialized skills to support the response and recovery efforts and requires elevation of issues, as necessary, to senior management.
From a governance perspective, senior members of our Enterprise Risk Management, Information Protection and Internal Audit functions provide detailed reports on cybersecurity matters to the Company's Board, including the Audit Committee, which has principal responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity risk, and/or the FIRMCo, which oversees controls for the Company's major risk exposures. The topics to be covered by these updates include the Company's activities, policies and procedures to prevent, detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents, as well as lessons learned from cybersecurity incidents and internal and external testing of our protection measures. The Audit Committee will meet at each regular Board meeting and will be briefed on cyber risks at least annually.
Insurance Risks - Policyholder Behavior, Mortality, and Longevity Risk Management
Insurance risks exist in the form of adverse policyholder behavior, mortality, and longevity risks that can affect value within our underlying annuity products.
Policyholder behavior risk is the risk of policyholders utilizing benefits/options within their fixed and variable annuity contract in a manner or to a degree different than the Company's current expectations.
Additional insurance risks that exist within the annuity products offered by the Company include mortality and longevity risk. Mortality and longevity risk are contingent risks on variable annuity products. The impact of higher or lower mortality only impacts these products to the extent the equity markets perform below longer term market growth expectations, thus increasing the guaranteed benefit amounts and exposing the Company to withdrawal benefit or death benefit guarantees that exceed the variable annuity account value during the payout phase or at death.
Longevity risk also exists across the Company's payout annuity blocks of business, which includes structured settlements, terminal funding, and single premium immediate annuities. Longevity risks for these businesses include medical advances that would specifically impact the life expectancy of annuitants for substandard structured settlements as well as mortality improvement at a greater rate than the Company's current expectations.
Management
The Company’s procedures for managing these risks include periodic experience exposure monitoring and reporting, risk modeling, risk transfer, and capital management strategies.
Reinsurance as a Risk Management Strategy
The Company cedes insurance to unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders.
Impact
Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company.
Management
Reinsurance is a centralized function across the Company to support a consistent strategy and to ensure that the reinsurance activities are fully integrated into the organization's risk management processes.
The Company uses reinsurance for its life insurance, retirement and a portion of its fixed and payout annuity businesses. In addition, the Company uses reinsurance on a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006 and for a majority of the Company’s credit riskGMDB riders where the GMDB is concentrated in its investment holdings but it is also present in the Company's reinsurance and insurance portfolios. A decline in creditworthiness is typically associated with an increase in an investment’s credit spread, potentially resulting in an increase in other-than-temporary impairments and an increased probabilityhigher than a return of a realized loss upon sale. Premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverables are also subject to credit risk based on the counterparty’s unwillingnesspremium death benefit or inability to pay.
The objective of the Company’s enterprise credit risk management strategy is to identify, quantify, and manage credit risk on an aggregate portfolio basis and to limit potential losses in accordance with an established credit risk management policy. The Company primarily manages its credit risk by holding a diversified mix of investment grade issuers and counterparties across its investment, reinsurance, and insurance portfolios. Potential losses are also limited within portfolios by diversifying across geographic regions, asset types, and sectors.account value benefit.


The Company manages credit risk on an on-going basis throughcomponents of the use of various processesgross and analyses. Both the investment andnet reinsurance areas have formulated procedures for counterparty approvals and authorizations, which establish minimum levels of creditworthiness and financial stability. Credits considered for investmentrecoverables are subjected to underwriting reviews. Within the investment portfolio, private securities are subject to committee review for approval. Mitigation strategies vary across the three sources of credit risk, but may include:summarized as follows:
Investing in a portfolio of high-quality and diverse securities;
Selling investments subject to credit risk;
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Reinsurance RecoverablesAs of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable$29,564
$20,785
Less: Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance [1]

Net reinsurance recoverables$29,564
$20,785
[1]No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance was required as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company). Although management has determined that no allowance is required at this time, the Company closely monitors the financial condition, ratings and current market information of all its counterparty reinsurers.
Hedging through use of single name or basket credit default swaps;
Clearing transactions through central clearing houses that require daily variation margin;
Entering into contracts only with strong creditworthy institutions
Requiring collateral; and
Non-renewing policies/contracts or reinsurance treaties.
The Company has developed credit exposure thresholds which are based upon counterparty ratings. Aggregate counterparty credit quality and exposure is monitored on a daily basis utilizing an enterprise-wide credit exposure information system that contains data on issuers, ratings, exposures, and credit limits. Exposures are tracked on a current and potential basis and aggregated by ultimate parent across investments, reinsurance receivables, insurance products with credit risk, and derivative counterparties.
As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), the Company had no investment exposure to any credit concentration riskreinsurance recoverables from Commonwealth, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual") and Prudential Financial, Inc. ("Prudential") of a single issuer, or counterparty greater than 10%$9.0 billion, $8.1 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively. As of the Company's stockholder's equity, other than the U.S. government and certain U.S. government securities. For further discussion of concentration of credit risk in the investment portfolio, see the Concentration of Credit Risk section in Note 3 - Investments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Credit Risk of Derivatives
The Company uses various derivative counterparties in executing its derivative transactions. The use of counterparties creates credit risk that the counterparty may not perform in accordance with the terms of the derivative transaction. Downgrades to the credit ratings of the Company’s insurance operating companies may have adverse implications for its use of derivatives including those used to hedge benefit guarantees of variable annuities. In some cases, downgrades may give derivative counterparties for over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives and clearing brokers for OTC-cleared derivatives the right to cancel and settle outstanding derivative trades or require additional collateral to be posted. In addition, downgrades may result in counterparties and clearing brokers becoming unwilling to engage in or clear additional derivatives or may require collateralization before entering into any new trades. This would restrict the supply of derivative instruments commonly used to hedge variable annuity guarantees, particularly long-dated equity derivatives and interest rate swaps.
Managing the Credit Risk of Counterparties to Derivative Instruments
The Company has derivative counterparty exposure policies which limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk. The Company monitors counterparty exposure on a monthly basis to ensure compliance with Company policies and statutory limitations. The Company’s policies with respect to derivative counterparty exposure establishes market-based credit limits, favors long-term financial stability and creditworthiness of the counterparty and typically requires credit enhancement/credit risk reducing agreements, which are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s risk management team and reviewed by senior management.
The Company minimizes the credit risk of derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties primarily rated A or better. The Company also generally requires that OTC derivative contracts be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") Master Agreement, which is structured by legal entity and by counterparty and permits right of offset. The Company enters into credit support annexes in conjunction with the ISDA agreements, which require daily collateral settlement based upon agreed upon thresholds.
The Company has developed credit exposure thresholds which are based upon counterparty ratings. Credit exposures are measured using the market value of the derivatives, resulting in amounts owed toDecember 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company by its counterparties or potential paymenthad reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.3 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations from the Company to its counterparties. The notional amounts of derivative contracts represent the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and are not reflective of credit risk. For purposes of daily derivative collateral maintenance, credit exposures are generally quantified based on the prior business day’s market value and collateral is pledged to and held by, or on behalf of, the Company to the extent the current value of the derivatives exceed the contractual thresholds. In accordance with industry standard and the contractual agreements, collateral is typically settled on the next business day. The Company has exposure to credit risk for amounts below the exposure thresholds which are uncollateralized, as well as for market fluctuations that may occur between contractual settlement periods of collateral movements.


For the company's derivative programs, the maximum uncollateralized threshold for a derivative counterparty for a single legal entity is $10. The Company currently transacts OTC derivatives in two legal entitiesdirect policyholders that have a threshold greater than zero. The maximum combined threshold for a single counterparty across all legal entities that use derivatives is $20. In addition, the Company may have exposurebeen reinsured to multiple counterpartiesCommonwealth, MassMutual and Prudential are primarily secured by invested assets held in a single corporate family due to a common credit support provider; however, the thresholds for these relationships are zero. Based on the contractual terms of the collateral agreements, these thresholds may be immediately reduced due to a downgrade in either party’s credit rating. For further discussion, see the Derivative Commitments section of Note 10 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.trust.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred no losses on derivative instruments due to counterparty default.
Use of Credit Derivatives
The Company may also use credit default swaps to manage credit exposure or to assume credit risk to enhance yield. The Company uses credit derivatives to purchase credit protection with respect to a single entity, referenced index, or asset pool. The Company purchases credit protection through credit default swaps to economically hedge and manage credit risk of certain fixed maturity investments across multiple sectors of the investment portfolio. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that purchase credit protection was $131$45 and $249,$80, respectively, while the fair value was $(3)$(1) and $10,$(3), respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
The Company also enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk as part of replication transactions. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies. These swaps reference investment grade single corporate issuers and baskets, which include customized diversified portfolios of corporate issuers, whichissuers. These baskets are established within sector concentration limits and may be divided into tranches which possess different credit ratings. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount related to credit derivatives that assume credit risk was $458$372 and $1.4 billion,$380, respectively, while the fair value was $4 and $(10),$3, respectively. These amounts do not include positions that are in offsetting relationships.
For further information on credit derivatives, see Note 4-4 - Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of financial loss due to adverse changes in the value of assets and liabilities arising from movements in interest rates. Interest rate risk encompasses exposures with respect to changes in the level of interest rates, the shape of the term structure of rates and the volatility of interest rates. Interest rate risk does not include exposure to changes in credit spreads.
Sources of Interest Rate Risk
The Company has exposure to interest rates arising from its fixed maturity securities and interest sensitive liabilities. In addition, certain product liabilities, including those containing GMWB or GMDB, expose the Company to interest rate risk but also have significant equity risk. These liabilities are discussed as part of the Variable Product Guarantee Risks and Risk Management section. Management also evaluates performance of certain products based on net investment spread which is, in part, influenced by changes in interest rates.
Impact
Changes in interest rates from current levels can have both favorable and unfavorable effects for the Company.
Change in Interest RatesFavorable EffectsUnfavorable Effects
ñAdditional investment incomeDecrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolio
Lower cost of the variable annuity hedgePotential increase in policyholder surrenders, requiring the Company to liquidate assets in an unrealized loss position to fund liability surrender value
Lower margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain productsPotential impact on the Company's tax planning strategies
Higher interest expense
òIncrease in the fair value of the fixed maturity investment portfolioLower net investment income due to reinvesting at lower investment yields
Lower interest expenseLower interest income on variable rate investments
Acceleration in paydowns and prepayments or calls of certain mortgage-backed and municipal securities
Increased cost of variable annuity hedge program
Potential margin erosion associated with minimum guaranteed crediting rates on certain products

Management
The Company primarily manages its exposure to interest rate risk by constructing investment portfolios that maintain asset allocation limits and asset/liability duration matching targets which may include the use of derivatives. The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models including parametric models and cash flow simulation under various market scenarios of the liabilities and their supporting investment portfolios. Key metrics that the Company uses to quantify its exposure to interest rate risk inherent in its invested assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities include duration, convexity and key rate duration.
The Company may also utilize a variety of derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk associated with its investment portfolio or to hedge liabilities. Interest rate caps, floors, swaps, swaptions, and futures may be used to manage portfolio duration. Interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts or payments to a fixed or variable rate. The use of such swaps enables the Company to customize contract terms and conditions to desired objectives and manage the duration profile within established tolerances. Interest rate swaps are also used to hedge the variability in the cash flows of a forecasted purchase or sale of fixed rate securities due to changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), notional amounts pertaining to derivatives utilized to manage interest rate risk, including offsetting positions, totaled $3.2 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, $3.1 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, related to investments and $2 and $34, respectively, related to liabilities. The fair value of these derivatives was $(101) and $(356) as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. These amounts do not include derivatives associated with the Variable Annuity Hedging Program.
Assets and Liabilities subject to Interest Rate Risk
Fixed Income Investments
The fair value of fixed income investments, which include fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans, and short-term investments, was $16.8 billion and $26.8 billion at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The weighted average duration of the portfolio, including derivative instruments, was approximately 7.7 years and 7.6 years as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Liabilities
The Company’s issued investment contracts and certain insurance product liabilities, other than non-guaranteed separate accounts, include asset accumulation vehicles such as fixed annuities, guaranteed investment products, and other investment and universal life-type contracts. The primary risk associated with these products is that, despite the use of market value adjustment features and surrender charges, the spread between investment return and credited rate may not be sufficient to earn targeted returns.
Asset accumulation vehicles primarily require a fixed rate payment, often for a specified period of time, and fixed rate annuities contain surrender values that are based on a market value adjusted formula if held for shorter periods. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $4,069 and $4,751, respectively, of liabilities for fixed annuities predominantly with 3% minimum interest guarantees and $94 and $120, respectively, of liabilities for guaranteed investment products.
In addition, certain products such as corporate owned life insurance ("COLI") contracts and the general account portion of variable annuity products credit interest to policyholders subject to market conditions and minimum interest rate guarantees. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $1,785 and $1,806 of general account COLI, respectively, with minimum interest guarantees ranging from 4.0% to 4.5%. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the general account portion of variable annuity contracts was $2,984 and $3,225, respectively, with minimum guarantees ranging from 1.5% to 4.0%.
The Company's issued non-investment type contracts include structured settlement contracts, terminal funding agreements, and on-benefit payout annuities (i.e., the annuitant is currently receiving benefits). The cash outflows associated with these policy liabilities are not interest rate sensitive but do vary based on actual to expected mortality experience. Similar to investment-type products, the aggregate cash flow payment streams are relatively predictable. Products in this category may rely upon actuarial pricing assumptions (including mortality and morbidity) and have an element of cash flow uncertainty. Additionally, due to the long duration of these liabilities, these products are subject to reinvestment risk. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had $11,104 and $6,841, respectively, of liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements and $1,696 and $1,627, respectively, of liabilities for on-benefit payout annuities. The increase in liabilities for structured settlements and terminal funding agreements as of December 31, 2018 was due to the election of purchase and pushdown accounting as a result of the sale of the Company to HHLP on May 31, 2018. For further information see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Rate Sensitivity
Fixed Liabilities and the Invested Assets Supporting Them
Included in the following table is the before-tax change in the net economic value of investment contracts including structured settlements, fixed annuity contracts and terminal funding agreements for which the payment rates are fixed at contract issuance and/or the investment experience is substantially absorbed by the Company’s operations, along with the corresponding invested assets. Also included in this analysis are the interest rate sensitive derivatives used by the Company to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in the investment portfolios supporting these contracts. Note that for purposes of the sensitivities outlined below, the net economic value is shown, which is net of reinsurance and is the difference between the change in the market value of the assets, and the change in the market value of the liabilities utilizing the Company's internal methodology for calculating economic value.
The calculation of the estimated hypothetical change in net economic value below assumes a 100 basis point upward and downward parallel shift in the yield curve.
Change in Net Economic Value as of December 31,
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of fixed liabilities and invested assets supporting them20182017
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
 (Decrease) increase in economic value, before tax$(307)$214
$(902)$550
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $12.4 billion and $22.7 billion, as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The assets supporting the fixed liabilities are monitored and managed within set duration guidelines, and are evaluated on a daily basis, as well as annually using scenario simulation techniques in compliance with regulatory requirements. For further discussion on the reinsurance agreements with Commonwealth and the impact to invested assets, please see Part II, Item 7, MD&A - Composition of Invested Assets.
Invested Assets Not Supporting Fixed Liabilities
The following table provides an analysis showing the estimated before-tax change in the fair value of the Company’s investments and related derivatives, excluding assets supporting fixed liabilities which are included in the table above, assuming 100 basis point upward and downward parallel shifts in the yield curve as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company).
Change in Fair Value as of December 31,
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Interest rate sensitivity of invested assets not supporting fixed liabilities20182017
Basis point shift-100
+100
-100
+100
 Increase (decrease) in fair value, before tax$324
$(264)$281
$(215)
The carrying value of fixed maturities, commercial mortgage loans and short-term investments related to the businesses included in the table above was $2.8 billion and $2.2 billion, as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
The selection of the 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve was made only as an illustration of the potential hypothetical impact of such an event and should not be construed as a prediction of future market events. Actual results could differ materially from those illustrated above due to the nature of the estimates and assumptions used in the above analysis. The Company’s sensitivity analysis calculation assumes that the composition of invested assets and liabilities remain materially consistent throughout the year and that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates will remain constant over time. As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the impact of portfolio re-allocations, significant product sales or non-parallel changes in interest rates.
Equity Risk
Equity risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the value of global equities or equity indices.
Sources of Equity Risk
The Company has exposure to equity risk from general account assets, variable annuity fund assets under management and embedded derivatives within the Company’s variable annuity products. The Company’s variable products are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets, as discussed below.


Impact of Equity Risk on General Account Products
Declines in equity markets may result in losses due to sales or reductions in market value that are recorded within reported earnings. Declines in equity markets may also decrease the value of limited partnerships and other alternative investments or result in losses on derivatives, including on embedded product derivatives, thereby negatively impacting our reported earnings.
Managing Equity Risk on Variable Annuity Products
Most of the Company’s variable annuities include GMDB and certain contracts with GMDB also include GMWB features.
Impact
The Company’s variable annuity contracts are significantly influenced by the U.S. and other equity markets. Generally, declines in equity markets will:
reduce the value of assets under management and the amount of fee income generated from those assets;
increase the value of derivative assets used to hedge product guarantees resulting in realized capital gains;
increase the costs of the hedging instruments we use in our hedging program;
increase the Company’s net amount at risk ("NAR"), described below, for GMDB and GMWB;
increase the amount of required assets to be held backing variable annuity guarantees to maintain required regulatory reserve levels and targeted risk based capital ratios; and
decrease the Company’s estimated future gross profits, resulting in a VOBA unlock charge.
Increases in equity markets will generally have the inverse impact of those listed in the preceding discussion.
Declines in the equity markets will increase the Company’s liability for these benefits. Many contracts with a GMDB include a MAV, which in rising markets resets the guarantee on the anniversary to be "at the money". As the MAV increases, it can increase the NAR for subsequent declines in account value. Generally, a GMWB contract is "in the money" if the contractholder’s GRB becomes greater than the account value.
The NAR is generally defined as the guaranteed minimum benefit amount in excess of the contractholder’s current account value. Variable annuity account values with guarantee features were $31.8 billion and $39.0 billion as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
The following tables summarize the account values of the Company’s variable annuities with guarantee features and the NAR split between various guarantee features (retained net amount at risk is net of reinsurance, but does not take into consideration the effects of the variable annuity hedge programs currently in place as of each balance sheet date).
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2018
Successor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]     
GMDB [4]$31.8
$4.0
$1.2
59%13%
GMWB14.2
0.3
0.2
11%13%
Total Variable Annuity Guarantees as of December 31, 2017
Predecessor Company
($ in billions)Account ValueGross Net Amount at RiskRetained Net Amount at Risk% of Contracts In the Money[2]% In the Money[2][3]
Variable Annuity [1]     
GMDB [4]$39.0
$2.9
$0.6
15%26%
GMWB17.8
0.2
0.1
4%19%
[1]Contracts with a guaranteed living benefit also have a guaranteed death benefit. The NAR for each benefit is shown; however these benefits are not additive.
[2]Excludes contracts that are fully reinsured.
[3]For all contracts that are "in the money", this represents the percentage by which the average contract was "in the money".
[4]Excludes contracts without a GMDB due to certain elections made by policyholders or their beneficiaries. Such contracts had $1.8 billion of account value as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company).


Many policyholders with a GMDB also have a GMWB. These benefits are not additive. Policyholders that have a product with both guarantees can receive, at most, the greater of the GMDB or GMWB. The GMDB NAR disclosed in the preceding tables is a point in time measurement and assumes that all participants utilize the GMDB on that measurement date.
The Company expects to incur GMDB payments in the future only if the policyholder has an "in the money" GMDB at their death. For policies with a GMWB rider, the company expects to incur GMWB payments in the future only if the account value is reduced over time to a specified level through a combination of market performance and periodic withdrawals, at which point the contractholder will receive an annuity with total payments equal to the GRB, which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. For the Company’s "lifetime" GMWB products, this annuity can have total payments exceeding the GRB. As the account value fluctuates with equity market returns on a daily basis and the "lifetime" GMWB payments may exceed the GRB, the ultimate amount to be paid by the Company, if any, is uncertain and could be significantly more or less than the Company’s current carried liability. For additional information on the Company’s GMWB liability, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on the Company's GMDB liability, see Note 7 - Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Variable Annuity Market Risk Exposures
The following table summarizes the broad Variable Annuity Guarantees offered by the Company and the market risks to which the guarantee is most exposed from a U.S. GAAP accounting perspective.
Variable Annuity Guarantees [1]U.S. GAAP Treatment [1]Primary Market Risk Exposures [1]
GMDB and life-contingent component of the GMWBAccumulation of the portion of fees required to cover expected claims, less accumulation of actual claims paidEquity Market Levels
GMWB (excluding life-contingent portions)Fair ValueEquity Market Levels / Implied Volatility / Interest Rates
[1]Each of these guarantees and the related U.S. GAAP accounting volatility will also be influenced by actual and estimated policyholder behavior.
Risk Hedging
Variable Annuity Hedging Program
Through the use of reinsurance, capital market derivatives and other derivative instruments, the Company’s variable annuity hedging program is primarily focused on reducing the economic exposure to market risks associated with guaranteed benefits that are embedded in our variable annuity contracts. The variable annuity hedging program also considers the potential impacts on statutory capital.
Reinsurance
The Company uses reinsurance for a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006. The Company also uses reinsurance for a majority of the GMDB riders where the GMDB is higher than a return of premium death benefit or account value benefit.
GMWB Hedge Program
Under the dynamic hedging program, the Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge market risk exposures associated with the portions of GMWB liabilities that are not life-contingent and are not reinsured. These derivative contracts include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options, and futures on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index.
Additionally, the Company holds customized capital market derivative contracts to provide protection from certain capital market risks for the remaining term of specified blocks of non-reinsured GMWB riders. These customized derivative contracts are based on policyholder behavior assumptions specified at the inception of the derivative contracts. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices.
While the Company actively manages this dynamic hedging program, increased U.S. GAAP earnings volatility may result from factors including, but not limited to: policyholder behavior, capital markets, divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and the hedging indices, changes in hedging positions and the relative emphasis placed on various risk management objectives.


Macro Hedge Program
The Company’s macro hedging program uses derivative instruments, such as options and futures on equities and interest rates, to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from GMWB and GMDB liabilities on the Company’s statutory surplus as well as to protect a portion of the expected fee revenue to be received on variable annuity contracts. These macro hedges cover some of the residual risks not otherwise covered by the dynamic hedging program. Management assesses this residual risk under various scenarios in designing and executing the macro hedge program. The macro hedge program will result in additional U.S. GAAP earnings volatility as changes in the value of the macro hedge derivatives, which are designed to reduce statutory reserve and capital volatility, may not be closely aligned to changes in U.S. GAAP liabilities.
Variable Annuity Hedging Program Sensitivities
The underlying guaranteed withdrawal benefit liabilities (excluding the life contingent portion of GMWB contracts) and hedge assets within the GMWB hedge and Macro hedge programs are carried at fair value.
The following table presents our estimates of the potential instantaneous impacts from sudden market stresses related to equity market prices, interest rates, and implied market volatilities. The following sensitivities represent: (1) the net estimated difference between the change in the fair value of GMWB liabilities and the underlying hedge instruments and (2) the estimated change in fair value of the hedge instruments for the macro program, before the impacts of amortization of VOBA and taxes. As noted in the preceding discussion, certain hedge assets are used to hedge liabilities that are not carried at fair value and will not have a liability offset in the U.S. GAAP sensitivity analysis. All sensitivities are measured as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and are related to the fair value of liabilities and hedge instruments in place at that date for the Company’s variable annuity hedge programs. The impacts presented in the table that follows are estimated individually and measured without consideration of any correlation among market risk factors.
GAAP Sensitivity Analysis (before tax and VOBA) as of December 31, 2018 [1]
Successor Company
 GMWBMacro
Equity Market Return-20 %-10 %10 %-20 %-10 %10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(6)$(2)$(1)$432
$181
$(132)
Interest Rates-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
-50bps
-25bps
+25bps
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(4)$(1)$(1)$47
$23
$(22)
Implied Volatilities10 %2 %-10 %10 %2 %-10 %
Potential Net Fair Value Impact$(79)$(14)$59
$259
$53
$(270)
[1]These sensitivities are based on the following key market levels as of December 31, 2018: 1) S&P of 2,507; 2) 10yr U.S. swap rate of 2.73% and 3) S&P 10yr volatility of 23.00%.
The preceding sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not be used to predict the future financial performance of the Company's variable annuity hedge programs. The actual net changes in the fair value liability and the hedging assets illustrated in the preceding table may vary materially depending on a variety of factors which include but are not limited to:
The sensitivity analysis is only valid as of the measurement date and assumes instantaneous changes in the capital market factors and no ability to rebalance hedge positions prior to the market changes;
Changes to the underlying hedging program, policyholder behavior, and variation in underlying fund performance relative to the hedged index, which could materially impact the liability; and
The impact of elapsed time on liabilities or hedge assets, any non-parallel shifts in capital market factors, or correlated moves across the sensitivities.
The Company holds hedge positions in the macro hedge program to reduce open equity risk exposure, which increased the sensitivity that changes in equity market returns would have on GAAP net income.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Foreign currency exchange risk is the risk of financial loss due to changes in the relative value between currencies.
Sources of Currency Risk
The Company has foreign currency exchange risk in non-U.S. dollar denominated investments, which primarily consist of fixed maturity and equity investments, foreign denominated cash and a yen denominated fixed payout annuity.


Impact
Changes in relative values between currencies can create variability in cash flows and realized or unrealized gains and losses on changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities. Based on the fair values of the Company’s non-U.S. dollar denominated securities and derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), management estimates that a hypothetical 10% unfavorable change in exchange rates would decrease the fair values by an immaterial amount.
Management
The open foreign currency exposure of non-U.S. dollar denominated investments will most commonly be reduced through the sale of the assets or through hedges using currency futures/forwards/swaps. In order to manage the currency risk related to any non-U.S. dollar denominated liability contracts, the Company enters into foreign currency swaps or holds non-U.S. dollar denominated investments.
Assets and Liabilities Subject to Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities, equities and cash
The fair values of the non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company) were approximately $94 and $104, respectively. Included in these amounts are $4 and $5 at December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively, related to non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities that directly support liabilities denominated in the same currencies. The currency risk of the remaining non-U.S. dollar denominated fixed maturities and equities are hedged with foreign currency swaps. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company holds $203 of yen-denominated cash, of which $203 is derivative cash collateral pledged by counterparties and has an offsetting collateral liability. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company also holds $1 of Canadian-denominated cash.
Non-U.S. dollar denominated funding agreement liability contracts
The Company hedged the foreign currency risk associated with these liability contracts with currency rate swaps. At December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the derivatives used to hedge foreign currency exchange risk related to foreign denominated liability contracts had a total notional amount of $94, and a total fair value of $(13) and $(11), respectively.
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, human error, or from external events.
Sources of Operational Risk
Operational risk is inherent in the Company's business and functional areas. Operational risks include legal; cyber and information security; models; third party vendors; technology; operations; business continuity; disaster recovery; internal and external fraud; and compliance. The Company will be exposed to an increased level of operational risk as it separates from the current transition services agreement ("TSA") with The Hartford.
Impact
Operational risk can result in financial loss, disruption of our business, regulatory actions or damage to our reputation.
Management
Responsibility for day-to-day management of operational risk lies within each functional area. ERM provides an enterprise-wide view of the Company's operational risk. ERM is responsible for establishing, maintaining and communicating the framework, principles and guidelines of the Company's operational risk management program. Operational risk mitigation strategies include the following:
Establishing policies and monitoring risk tolerances and exceptions;
Conducting business risk assessments and implementing action plans where necessary;
Validating existing crisis management protocols;
Identifying and monitoring emerging risks; and
Purchasing insurance coverage.
Cybersecurity Risk
In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company entered into a TSA with The Hartford for a period of up to two years. These transition services include general ledger and cash management, investment accounting and information technology infrastructure services. Pursuant to the TSA, the Company leverages and monitors the controls of The Hartford while it continues to operate on their Information Technology ("IT") environment. The Hartford has implemented information protection and privacy programs with established governance routines that promote an adaptive approach for assessing and managing risks. The Hartford has

invested to build a ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy that uses multiple security measures to protect the integrity of the Company's information assets. This ‘defense-in-depth’ strategy aligns to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cyber Security Framework and provides preventative, detective and responsive measures that collectively protects the company. Various cyber assurance methods, including security metrics, third party security assessments, external penetration testing, red team exercises and cyber war game exercises are used to test the effectiveness of the overall cybersecurity control environment.
The Hartford, like many other large financial services companies, blocks attempted cyber intrusions on a daily basis. In the event of a cyber intrusion, the company invokes its Cyber Incident Response Program commensurate with the nature of the intrusion. While the actual methods employed differ based on the event, the approach employs internal teams and outside advisors with specialized skills to support the response and recovery efforts and requires elevation of issues, as necessary, to senior management.
From a governance perspective, senior members of our Enterprise Risk Management, Information Protection and Internal Audit functions provide detailed reports on cybersecurity matters to the Company's Board, including the Audit Committee, which has principal responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity risk, and/or the FIRMCo, which oversees controls for the Company's major risk exposures. The topics to be covered by these updates include the Company's activities, policies and procedures to prevent, detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents, as well as lessons learned from cybersecurity incidents and internal and external testing of our protection measures. The Audit Committee will meet at each regular Board meeting and will be briefed on cyber risks at least annually.
Insurance Risks - Policyholder Behavior, Mortality, and Longevity Risk Management
Insurance risks exist in the form of adverse policyholder behavior, mortality, and longevity risks that can affect value within our underlying annuity products.
Policyholder behavior risk is the risk of policyholders utilizing benefits/options within their fixed and variable annuity contract in a manner or to a degree different than the Company's current expectations.
Additional insurance risks that exist within the annuity products offered by the Company include mortality and longevity risk. Mortality and longevity risk are contingent risks on variable annuity products. The impact of higher or lower mortality only impacts these products to the extent the equity markets perform below longer term market growth expectations, thus increasing the guaranteed benefit amounts and exposing the Company to withdrawal benefit or death benefit guarantees that exceed the variable annuity account value during the payout phase or at death.
Longevity risk also exists across the Company's payout annuity blocks of business, which includes structured settlements, terminal funding, and single premium immediate annuities. Longevity risks for these businesses include medical advances that would specifically impact the life expectancy of annuitants for substandard structured settlements as well as mortality improvement at a greater rate than the Company's current expectations.
Management
The Company’s procedures for managing these risks include periodic experience exposure monitoring and reporting, risk modeling, risk transfer, and capital management strategies.
Reinsurance as a Risk Management Strategy
The Company cedes insurance to unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders.
Impact
Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company.
Management
Reinsurance is a centralized function across the Company to support a consistent strategy and to ensure that the reinsurance activities are fully integrated into the organization's risk management processes.
The Company uses reinsurance for its life insurance, retirement and a portion of its fixed and payout annuity businesses. In addition, the Company uses reinsurance on a portion of contracts with GMWB riders issued prior to the second quarter of 2006 and for a majority of the GMDB riders where the GMDB is higher than a return of premium death benefit or account value benefit.


The components of the gross and net reinsurance recoverables are summarized as follows:
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Reinsurance RecoverablesAs of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable$29,564
$20,785
Less: Allowance for uncollectible reinsurance [1]

Net reinsurance recoverables$29,564
$20,785
[1]No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance was required as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company). Although management has determined that no allowance is required at this time, the Company closely monitors the financial condition, ratings and current market information of all its counterparty reinsurers.
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company had reinsurance recoverables from Commonwealth, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual") and Prudential Financial, Inc. ("Prudential") of $9.0 billion, $8.1 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.3 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations to its direct policyholders that have been reinsured to Commonwealth, MassMutual and Prudential are primarily secured by invested assets held in trust.
Financial Risk on Statutory Capital
Statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios may increase or decrease in any period depending upon a variety of factors and may be compounded in extreme scenarios or if multiple factors occur at the same time. In general, as equity market levels and interest rates decline, the amount and volatility of both our actual or potential obligation, as well as the related statutory surplus and capital margin can be materially negatively affected, sometimes at a greater than linear rate. At times the impact of changes in certain market factors or a combination of multiple factors on RBC ratios can be counterintuitive. Factors include:
Differences in performance of variable subaccounts relative to indices and/or realized equity and interest rate volatilities may affect RBC ratios.
Rising equity markets will generally result in an increase in statutory surplus and RBC ratios. However, as a result of a number of factors and market conditions, including the level of hedging costs and other risk transfer activities, reserve requirements for variable annuity death and living benefit guarantees and RBC requirements could increase with rising equity markets, resulting in lower RBC ratios. The Company has reinsured approximately 42% of its risk associated with GMWB and 70% of its risk associated with the aggregate GMDB exposure. These reinsurance agreements reduce the Company’s exposure to changes in the statutory reserves and the related capital and RBC ratios associated with changes in the capital markets.
A decrease in the value of certain fixed-income, alternative investments, and equity securities in our investment portfolio, due in part to credit spreads widening and/or equity markets declining, may result in a decrease in statutory surplus and RBC ratios.
Credit spreads on invested assets may increase sharply for certain sub-sectors of the overall credit market, resulting in statutory separate account asset market value losses. As actual credit spreads are not fully reflected in the current crediting rates, the calculation of statutory reserves may not substantially offset the change in fair value of the statutory separate account assets, resulting in reductions in statutory surplus. This may result in the need to devote additional capital to support the fixed MVA product and certain of our terminal funding contracts.
Decreases in the value of certain derivative instruments that do not get hedge accounting, may reduce statutory surplus and RBC ratios.
Sustained low interest rates with respect to the fixed annuity business may result in a reduction in statutory surplus and an increase in NAIC required capital.
Non-market factors, which can also impact the amount and volatility of both our actual potential obligation, as well as the related statutory surplus and capital margin, include actual and estimated policyholder behavior experience as it pertains to lapsation, partial withdrawals and mortality.
Most of these factors are outside of the Company’s control. The Company’s financial strength and credit ratings are significantly influenced by its statutory surplus amounts and RBC ratios of our insurance company subsidiaries. In addition, rating agencies may implement changes to their internal models that have the effect of increasing or decreasing the amount of statutory capital we must hold in order to maintain our current ratings.


Investment Portfolio Risk
Investment Portfolio Composition
The following table presents the Company’s fixed maturities, AFS, by credit quality. The credit ratings referenced throughout this section are based on availability, and are generally the midpoint of the available ratings among Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and Morningstar.Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.

Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Amortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueAmortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueAmortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueAmortized CostFair ValuePercent of Total Fair Value
United States Government/Government agencies$3,125
$3,275
13.7%$3,263
$3,476
14.1%$1,887
$1,890
13.7%$2,845
$3,058
13.4%
AAA1,596
1,650
6.9%1,849
1,894
7.7%1,301
1,297
9.4%1,470
1,552
6.8%
AA2,427
2,561
10.8%2,492
2,612
10.6%1,629
1,614
11.7%2,334
2,465
10.8%
A7,288
7,857
33.0%7,180
7,668
31.1%4,166
4,111
29.7%6,874
7,718
33.9%
BBB6,650
7,019
29.5%7,248
7,479
30.3%4,387
4,276
30.9%6,142
6,702
29.4%
BB & below1,421
1,457
6.1%1,527
1,528
6.2%665
651
4.6%1,249
1,304
5.7%
Total fixed maturities, AFS$22,507
$23,819
100%$23,559
$24,657
100%$14,035
$13,839
100%$20,914
$22,799
100%
The fair value of AFS securities decreased, as compared with December 31, 2015, due to2017 (Predecessor Company), primarily driven by the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement that the Company entered into as well as the continued run-offrun off of the Company's business. Fixed maturities,Maturities, FVO, are not included in the preceding table. For further discussion on FVO securities, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


The following table presents the Company’s AFS securities by type, as well as fixed maturities and equity, FVO.
Securities by Type
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Cost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized lossesFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueCost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized lossesFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueDecember 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Cost or Amortized Cost [1]Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized lossesFair ValuePercent of Total Fair ValueCost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized lossesFair ValuePercent of Total Fair Value
Asset backed securities ("ABS")        
Consumer loans828
4
(26)806
3.4%667
2
(30)639
2.6%$437
$2
$
$439
3.2%$646
$4
$(10)$640
2.8%
Small business76
3
(1)78
0.3%105
11
(4)112
0.5%
Other107
2

109
0.5%92
3

95
0.4%77


77
0.5%175
5
(1)179
0.8%
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs")    
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)742
2
(2)742
3.1%1,085
2
(10)1,077
4.3%
Commercial real estate ("CREs")13
17

30
0.1%85
35
(1)119
0.5%
Other [1]138
30

168
0.7%184
30

212
0.8%
Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs")971
5
(13)963
7.0%886
2

888
3.9%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS")        
Agency backed [2]584
8
(8)584
2.5%362
12
(2)372
1.5%507
2
(4)505
3.6%697
9
(10)696
3.1%
Bonds1,242
32
(19)1,255
5.3%1,304
33
(14)1,323
5.4%803
4
(3)802
5.8%1,116
30
(10)1,136
5.0%
Interest only (“IOs”)309
5
(7)307
1.3%270
7
(8)269
1.1%99
2

100
0.7%248
6
(2)252
1.1%
Corporate        
Basic industry651
46
(6)691
2.9%640
38
(24)654
2.7%407
1
(17)393
2.8%677
74

751
3.3%
Capital goods846
79
(6)919
3.9%1,014
77
(10)1,081
4.4%646

(14)634
4.6%972
85
(2)1,055
4.6%
Consumer cyclical751
54
(3)802
3.4%963
54
(13)1,004
4.0%349
1
(8)346
2.5%648
56
(1)703
3.1%
Consumer non-cyclical2,155
159
(18)2,296
9.6%2,233
146
(15)2,364
9.6%1,069
1
(38)1,038
7.5%1,774
196
(6)1,964
8.6%
Energy1,336
110
(9)1,437
6.0%1,447
61
(71)1,437
5.8%880

(38)849
6.1%1,358
167
(4)1,521
6.7%
Financial services2,774
200
(15)2,959
12.4%3,184
187
(34)3,337
13.5%1,363
2
(34)1,334
9.6%2,349
264
(5)2,608
11.4%
Tech./comm.1,863
185
(8)2,040
8.5%1,914
163
(30)2,047
8.3%1,209
10
(35)1,189
8.6%1,695
278
(3)1,970
8.6%
Transportation524
34
(4)554
2.3%531
33
(5)559
2.3%297
1
(11)287
2.1%512
45

557
2.4%
Utilities2,665
233
(25)2,873
12.1%2,419
206
(22)2,603
10.6%1,520
3
(39)1,490
10.8%2,443
306
(10)2,739
12.0%
Other112
11
(1)122
0.5%80
10
(1)89
0.4%120

(2)118
0.9%159
12
(1)170
0.8%
Foreign govt./govt. agencies337
18
(10)345
1.4%328
14
(11)331
1.3%383
3
(6)377
2.7%379
30
(2)407
1.8%
Municipal bonds        
Taxable1,098
97
(6)1,189
5.0%1,056
80
(5)1,131
4.6%738
5
(10)734
5.3%1,125
142
(1)1,266
5.5%
Tax-exempt




1


1

Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS")        
Agency927
22
(11)938
3.9%774
32

806
3.3%254
1
(1)254
1.8%481
12
(1)492
2.2%
Non-agency69

(1)68
0.3%38
1

39
0.2%329
1
(1)329
2.4%202
1
(1)202
0.9%
Alt-A48
2

50
0.2%
27
1

30
0.1%23


23
0.2%43
3

46
0.2%
Sub-prime698
10
(4)704
3.0%629
9
(8)628
2.5%428
1
(2)427
3.1%662
25

687
3.0%
U.S. Treasuries1,614
153
(14)1,753
7.4%2,127
184
(13)2,298
9.3%1,126
8
(3)1,131
8.2%1,667
206
(3)1,870
8.2%
Fixed maturities, AFS22,507
1,516
(204)23,819
100%23,559
1,431
(331)24,657
100%$14,035
$53
$(279)$13,839
100%$20,914
$1,958
$(73)$22,799
100%
Equity securities        
Financial services69
1
(1)69
45.4%58
1

59
33.1%  40
8

48
31.2%
Other73
11
(1)83
54.6%120
10
(11)119
66.9%  100
6

106
68.8%
Equity securities, AFS142
12
(2)152
100%178
11
(11)178
100%
Equity securities, AFS [3]  140
14

154
100%
Total AFS securities$22,649
$1,528
$(206)$23,971
 $23,737
$1,442
$(342)$24,835
 $14,035
$53
$(279)$13,839
 $21,054
$1,972
$(73)$22,953
 
Fixed maturities, FVO $82
  $165
  $12
  $32
 
Equity securities, FVO [3] $
  $281
 
Equity securities, at fair value [3] $116
    
[1]GrossThe cost or amortized cost of assets that support modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts were not adjusted as part of the application of pushdown accounting. As a result, gross unrealized gains (losses) exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives within certain securities. Changesonly include subsequent changes in value are recorded in net realized capital gains (losses).Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") beginning June 1, 2018. Prior changes in value have been recorded in additional paid-in capital.
[2]Includes securities with pools of loans issued by the Small Business Administration which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
[3]Included inEffective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting standards for financial instruments, equity securities, AFS on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not hold anywere reclassified to equity securities, FVO as of December 31, 2016.at fair value.


The decline in the fair value of AFS securities as compared to December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company), was due todriven by the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement that the Company entered into as well as the continued run-offrun off of the Company's business. The Company also reduced its allocation to financial services and U.S. Treasuries and purchased RMBS.


European Exposure
Certain economiesWhile Europe is still growing above potential, the International Monetary Fund cut its 2019 growth forecasts for the region, citing the prospect for a more turbulent external environment, including escalating trade tensions and slowing global demand. Political risk will likely remain elevated in Europe during 2019 due to uncertainty surrounding the European region have experienced adverse economic conditions in recent years, specifically in Europe’s peripheral region (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain). While some economic conditions have improved, continued slow GDP growth, elevated unemployment levels and increased volatility in the financial markets following the United Kingdom’s referendum to withdraw from the European Union may continue to putBrexit process, increasing pressure on sovereign debt.centrist governments in France and Germany and ongoing friction over Italian fiscal policy. The Company manages the credit risk associated with the European securities within the investment portfolio on an on-going basis using several processes which are supported by macroeconomic analysis and issuer credit analysis. For additional details regarding the Company’s management of credit risk, see the Credit Risk section of this MD&A.
As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), the Company’s European investment exposure had an amortized cost and fair value of $1.8$990 and $964, respectively, or 5% of total invested assets; as of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), amortized cost and fair value totaled $1.7 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, or 6% of total invested assets; as of December 31, 2015, amortized cost and fair value totaled $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively.assets. The investment exposure largely relates to corporate entities which are domiciled in or generate a significant portion of their revenue within the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. The Company does not hold any sovereign exposure to the peripheral region and does not hold any exposure to issuers in Greece.Belgium. As of both December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the weighted average credit quality of European investments was A-.BBB+. Entities domiciled in the United Kingdom comprise the Company's largest exposure; as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the U.KU.K. exposure totals less than 3% and 4%2% of total invested assets and largely relates to industrial and financial services corporate securities and has an average credit rating of BBB+.BBB. The majority of the European investments are U.S. dollar-denominated, and those securities that are British pound or euro-denominated are hedged to U.S. dollars. For a discussion of foreign currency risks, see the Foreign Currency Exchange Risk section of this MD&A.
Financial ServicesCommercial and Residential Real Estate
The Company’s investment in the financial services sector is predominantly through investment grade banking and insurance institutions. The following table presentstables, present the Company’s fixed maturitiesexposure to CMBS and equity, AFS securities in the financial services sector that areRMBS by current credit quality included in the preceding Securities by Type table.
 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
 Amortized CostFair ValueNet Unrealized Gain/(Loss)Amortized CostFair ValueNet Unrealized Gain/(Loss)
AAA$5
$5
$
$18
$18
$
AA319
335
16
313
326
13
A1,360
1,462
102
1,616
1,703
87
BBB971
1,028
57
1,078
1,123
45
BB & below188
198
10
217
226
9
Total [1]$2,843
$3,028
$185
$3,242
$3,396
$154
[1]Includes equity, AFS securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $69 and $69, respectively as of December 31, 2016 and an amortized cost and fair value of $58 and $59, respectively, as of December 31, 2015 included in the AFS by type table above.
The Company's investment in the financial services sector decreased, as compared to December 31, 2015, primarily due to sales of corporate securities.
Commercial Real Estate
Through December 31, 2016, commercial real estate market conditions, including property prices, occupancies, financial conditions, transaction volume, and delinquencies, continued to improve. In addition, the availability of credit has increased and there is now less concern about the ability of borrowers to refinance as loans come due.
The following table presents the Company’s exposure to CMBS bonds by current credit quality and vintage year included in the preceding Securities by Type table. Credit protection represents the current weighted average percentage of the outstanding capital structure subordinated to the Company’s investment holding that is available to absorb losses before the security incurs the first dollar loss of principal and excludes any equity interest or property value in excess of outstanding debt.
Successor Company
Exposure to CMBS and RMBS as of December 31, 2018
 AAAAAABBBBB and BelowTotal

Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
CMBS























   Agency$507
$505
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$507
$505
   Bonds238
236
249
249
188
188
121
121
7
8
803
802
   Interest Only76
77
16
16
3
3
3
3
1
1
99
100
Total CMBS821
818
265
265
191
191
124
124
8
9
1,409
1,407
RMBS            
   Agency254
254








254
254
   Non-Agency153
153
89
89
68
68
17
17
2
2
329
329
   Alt-A

5
5


3
3
15
15
23
23
   Sub-Prime14
14
9
9
111
111
97
97
197
196
428
427
Total RMBS421
421
103
103
179
179
117
117
214
213
1,034
1,033
Total CMBS & RMBS$1,242
$1,239
$368
$368
$370
$370
$241
$241
$222
$222
$2,443
$2,440


Exposure to CMBS Bonds
 December 31, 2016
 AAAAAABBBBB and BelowTotal
 Vintage Year [1]
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
2005 & Prior$68
$76
$37
$43
$
$
$5
$5
$2
$1
$112
$125
200610
11
5
5
1
1




16
17
200764
66
53
53
52
52




169
171
200814
15








14
15
20098
9








8
9
2010

8
8






8
8
201114
15


5
5




19
20
201222
22


18
18
14
13


54
53
201316
16
84
87
69
71
4
4


173
178
201416
17
23
23
30
31




69
71
2015114
113
89
87
50
50
30
30


283
280
201694
92
140
134
38
37
45
45


317
308
Total$440
$452
$439
$440
$263
$265
$98
$97
$2
$1
$1,242
$1,255
Credit protection33.2%21.5%19.3%14.5%6.0%24.6%
Predecessor Company
Exposure to CMBS and RMBS as of December 31, 2017
 AAAAAABBBBB and BelowTotal
 
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
CMBS            
   Agency$697
$696
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$697
$696
   Bonds351
361
478
480
182
187
94
96
11
12
1,116
1,136
   Interest Only155
157
79
80
9
9
3
3
2
3
248
252
Total CMBS1,203
1,214
557
560
191
196
97
99
13
15
2,061
2,084
RMBS            
   Agency481
492








481
492
   Non-Agency85
85
23
23
53
53
38
38
3
3
202
202
   Alt-A1
1
4
4
2
1
11
12
25
28
43
46
   Sub-Prime20
20
38
38
139
141
68
71
397
417
662
687
Total RMBS587
598
65
65
194
195
117
121
425
448
1,388
1,427
Total CMBS & RMBS$1,790
$1,812
$622
$625
$385
$391
$214
$220
$438
$463
$3,449
$3,511
 December 31, 2015
 AAAAAABBBBB and BelowTotal
 Vintage Year [1]
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
2005 & Prior$72
$81
$44
$49
$
$
$5
$5
$1
$2
$122
$137
200699
100
59
60
89
90
60
61
18
18
325
329
2007130
131
80
82
45
46
7
7
16
17
278
283
200815
16








15
16
20099
9








9
9
2010

8
8






8
8
201114
15




5
5


19
20
201222
22


18
18
24
23


64
63
201316
16
84
86
57
58
9
9


166
169
201416
17
26
26
28
28
6
6
1
1
77
78
2015107
102
62
60
39
37
13
12


221
211
Total$500
$509
$363
$371
$276
$277
$129
$128
$36
$38
$1,304
$1,323
Credit protection34.2%24.8%19.5%16.7%12.4%26.1%
[1]The vintage year represents the year the pool of loans was originated.
The Company also has exposure to CRE CDOs with an amortized cost and fair value of $13 and $30, respectively, as of December 31, 2016, and $85 and $119, respectively, as of December 31, 2015. These securities are comprised of pools of commercial mortgage loans or equity positions of other CMBS securitizations.


In addition to CMBS bonds and CRE CDOs, the Company has exposure to commercial mortgage loans as presented in the following table.loans. These loans are collateralized by a variety of commercial properties and are diversified both geographically throughout the United States and by property type. These loans are primarily in the form of whole loans where the Company is the sole lender, butand may include participations. Loan participations are loans where the Company has purchased or retained a portion of an outstanding loan or package of loans and participates on a pro-rata basis in collecting interest and principal pursuant to the terms of the participation agreement.
As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), there were no loans within the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio that have had extensions or restructurings other than what is allowable under the original terms of the contract are immaterial.contract. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), mortgage loans had an amortized cost and carrying value of $2.1 billion, with a valuation allowance of $(5). As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), mortgage loans had an amortized cost and carrying value of $2.9 billion, with no valuation allowance. Amortized cost represents carrying value prior to valuation allowances, if any.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost [1]
Valuation
Allowance
Carrying
Value
Amortized
Cost [1]
Valuation
Allowance
Carrying
Value
Whole loans$2,711
$(19)$2,692
$2,816
$(19)$2,797
A-Note participations119

119
121

121
Total$2,830
$(19)$2,811
$2,937
$(19)$2,918
[1]Amortized cost represents carrying value prior to valuation allowances, if any.
During 2016, theThe Company funded $217purchased $222 of commercial whole loans with a weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of 60%63% and a weighted average yield of 3.6%4.5% for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company). The Company purchased $61 of commercial whole loans with a weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of 58% and a weighted average yield of 4.1% for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company). The Company continues to originateinvest in commercial whole loans within primary markets, such as office, industrial and multi-family, focusing on loans with strong LTV ratios and high quality property collateral. There were no mortgage loans held for sale as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) or December 31, 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company).
Valuation Allowances on Mortgage Loans
Year endedFor the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016
2018 (Successor Company) , the valuation allowances on mortgage loans increased $5, driven by an individual property which was foreclosed on in January 2019. Following the conclusion of the foreclosure process, the property was transferred at its carrying value, net of the valuation allowance, to a real-estate owned investment. For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), there was no change to the valuation allowance on mortgage loans. For the year ended December 31, 2016, there was no change in2017 (Predecessor Company), the valuation allowances on mortgage loans.
Year ended December 31, 2015
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the change in valuation allowances on mortgage loan additions of $4 wasloans decreased $19, largely driven by individual property performance.
Municipal Bonds
The following table presents the Company’s exposure to municipal bonds by type and weighted average credit quality included inforeclosure of a loan. Following the preceding Securities by Type tables.
 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
 Amortized Cost Fair Value Weighted Average Credit Quality Amortized Cost Fair Value Weighted Average Credit Quality
General Obligation$201
 $222
 AA- $234
 $255
 AA-
Pre-Refunded [1]10
 10
 AAA 10
 10
 AAA
Revenue  

 
   

 
Transportation220
 239
 A 203
 213
 A
Health Care37
 39
 AA 42
 43
 AA
Water & Sewer41
 41
 AA- 31
 31
 AA
Education136
 149
 AA 126
 140
 AA
Sales Tax64
 72
 AA- 66
 70
 AA-
Leasing [2]93
 106
 A+ 91
 101
 A+
Power150
 154
 A 144
 148
 A
Housing53
 56
 A+ 29
 31
 AA
Other93
 101
 A 81
 90
 A
Total Revenue887
 957
 A+ 813
 867
 A+
Total Municipal$1,098
 $1,189
 A+ $1,057
 $1,132
 AA-


[1]Pre-Refunded bonds are bonds for which an irrevocable trust containing sufficient U.S. treasury, agency, or other securities has been established to fund the remaining payments of principal and interest.
[2]Leasing revenue bonds are generally the obligations of a financing authority established by the municipality that leases facilities back to a municipality. The notes are typically secured by lease payments made by the municipality that is leasing the facilities financed by the issue. Lease payments may be subject to annual appropriation by the municipality or the municipality may be obligated to appropriate general tax revenues to make lease payments.
As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the largest issuer concentrations were the state of California, the Oregon School Boards Association, and Ohio American Municipal Power, Inc., which each comprised less than 6%conclusion of the municipal bond portfolio and were comprisedloan's foreclosure process, the property transferred at its carrying value, net of general obligation and revenue bonds.the valuation allowance, to a real-estate owned investment during 2017. The foreclosed property was sold during April of 2018 (Predecessor Company).
Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments
The following table presents the Company’s investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments which include hedge funds, real estate funds and private equity and other funds. Since December 31, 2015, the Company has reduced the allocation to hedge funds. Real estate funds consist of investments primarily in real estate equity funds and joint ventures, including some funds with public market exposure, and real estate joint ventures.exposure. Private equity and other funds primarily consist of investments in funds whose assets typically consist of a diversified pool of investments in small to mid-sized non-public businesses with high growth potential as well as limited exposure to public markets.


Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments Investment Income
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
December 31, 2016December 31, 201520172016
AmountPercentAmountPercentAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYieldAmountYield
Hedge funds$141
15.2%$425
35.0%$4
9.0%$1
2.0%$6
4.6%$(2)(0.7)%
Real estate funds141
15.2%157
12.9%17
38.7%2
3.3%18
12.3%10
6.8 %
Private equity and other funds648
69.6%634
52.1%46
11.5%38
13.3%51
8.1%78
12.9 %
Total$930
100%$1,216
100%$67
13.7%$41
10.4%$75
8.3%$86
8.3 %
Investments in Limited Partnerships and Other Alternative Investments
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
 AmountPercentAmountPercent
Hedge funds$85
9.5%$141
14.1%
Real estate funds73
8.2%159
15.9%
Private equity and other funds736
82.3%701
70.0%
Total$894
100%$1,001
100%
Available-for-Sale Securities — Unrealized Loss Aging
Total gross unrealized losses were $206$279 as of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), and have decreased $136,increased $206, or 40%282%, from December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), due to tighter creditwidening of spreads and higher interest rates. The increase was partially offset by a risethe application of pushdown accounting in interest rates.connection with the May 31, 2018 sale by the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction. Refer to Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for more information regarding the sale. As of December 31, 2016, $2022018, $278 of the gross unrealized losses were associated with securities depressed less than 20% of cost or amortized cost. The remaining $4$1 of gross unrealized losses were associated with securities depressed greater than 20%. The securities depressed more than 20% are primarily securities with exposure to commercial real estate and corporate securities in the energy sector that decreased in value primarily due to widerwidening of credit spreads since the securities were purchased.spreads.
As part of the Company’s ongoing security monitoring process, the Company has reviewed its AFS securities in an unrealized loss position and concluded that these securities are temporarily depressed and are expected to recover in value as the securities approach maturity or as market spreads tighten. For these securities in an unrealized loss position where a credit impairment has not been recorded, the Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows are sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of the security. Furthermore, the Company neither has an intention to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell these securities. For further information regarding the Company’s impairment analysis, see Other-Than-Temporary Impairments in the Investment Portfolio Risks and Risk Management section of this MD&A.



The following tables present the Company’s unrealized loss aging for AFS securities by length of time the security was in a continuous unrealized loss position.
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Consecutive MonthsItemsCost or
Amortized
Cost [1]
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
ItemsCost or
Amortized
Cost
Fair ValueUnrealized
Loss
Three months or less655
$2,449
$2,436
$(51)498
$1,643
$1,636
$(7)
Greater than three to six months562
2,312
2,249
(64)241
837
827
(10)
Greater than six to nine months1,017
5,869
5,702
(164)89
218
216
(2)
Greater than nine to eleven months



47
53
52
(1)
Twelve months or more



379
1,495
1,442
(53)
Total2,234
$10,630
$10,387
$(279)1,254
$4,246
$4,173
$(73)
[1] The cost or amortized cost of assets that support modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts were not adjusted as part of the application of pushdown accounting. As a result, gross unrealized gains (losses) only include subsequent changes in value recorded in AOCI beginning June 1, 2018. Prior changes in value have been recorded in additional paid-in capital.
 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
Consecutive MonthsItems
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss [1]
Items
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Three months or less1,142
$4,359
$4,264
$(95)1,199
$4,168
$4,112
$(56)
Greater than three to six months290
770
738
(32)473
1,315
1,266
(49)
Greater than six to nine months62
190
178
(12)587
2,192
2,086
(106)
Greater than nine to eleven months45
170
165
(5)172
504
473
(31)
Twelve months or more358
1,225
1,163
(62)383
1,545
1,443
(100)
Total1,897
$6,714
$6,508
$(206)2,814
$9,724
$9,380
$(342)
[1]Unrealized losses exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivative features of certain securities as changes in value are recorded in net realized capital gains (losses).
The following table presents the Company’s unrealized loss aging for AFS securities continuously depressed over 20% by length of time (also included in the table above). 

 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
Consecutive MonthsItems
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss [1]
Items
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
Fair Value
Unrealized
Loss
Three months or less39
$2
$2
$
132
$147
$109
$(38)
Greater than three to six months13
1
1

66
45
30
(15)
Greater than six to nine months10
4
3
(1)5
2
1
(1)
Greater than nine to eleven months5



3
9
7
(2)
Twelve months or more26
7
4
(3)26
17
12
(5)
Total93
$14
$10
$(4)232
$220
$159
$(61)
[1]
Unrealized losses exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives features of certain securities as changes in value are recorded in net realized capital gains (losses).
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The following table presents the Company’s impairments recognized in earnings by security type.
 For the years ended December 31,
 20162015
CRE CDOs$
$1
CMBS1
1
Corporate25
42
Equity2
14
Municipal
2
RMBS
1
Total$28
$61
Year ended December 31, 2016
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
 20172016
Credit Impairments    
CMBS$
$
$1
$1
Corporate6

13
21
Total Credit Impairments6

14
22
Equity Impairments




2
Intent-to-Sell Impairments    
Corporate1


4
Total Intent-to-Sell Impairments1


4
Total Impairments$7
$
$14
$28
For the year endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company)
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, impairments recognized in earnings were comprisedcompromised of credit impairments of $22, securities that the Company intends$6 and intent-to-sell impairments of $1, both of which related to sell ("intent-to-sell impairments") of $4 and impairments on equity securities of $2.


For the year ended December 31, 2016, creditcorporate securities. Credit impairments were primarily related to two corporate securities and were identified through security specific reviews and resulted from changes in the financial condition of the issuer. The Company incorporates its best estimateFor the same period $1 of future performance using internal assumptions and judgments that are informed by economic and industry specific trends, as well as our expectations with respect to security specific developments. Impairments on equity securitiesnon-credit impairments were comprised of securities in an unrealized loss position that the Company does not believe will recover in the foreseeable future. Intent-to-sell impairments for the year ended December 31, 2016 were primarily comprised of securities in the corporate sector.
Non-credit impairments recognized in other comprehensive income were $1 for the year ended December 31, 2016. These non-credit impairments represent the excess of the Company’s best estimate of the discounted future cash flows over the fair value.income.
Future impairments may develop as the result of changes in intent-to-sell specific securities or if actual results underperform current modeling assumptions, which may be the result of, but are not limited to, macroeconomic factors and security-specific performance below current expectations.
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018, there were no impairments recognized in earnings and no non-credit impairments recognized in other comprehensive income.
Year ended December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company)
For the year ended December 31, 2015,2017, impairments recognized in earnings were comprised of credit impairments of $14 related to two corporate securities and were identified through security specific reviews and resulted from changes in the financial condition of the issuers. For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no securities that the Company intended to sell or impairments on equity securities.
The Company incorporates its best estimate of future performance using internal assumptions and judgments that are informed by economic and industry specific trends, as well as our expectations with respect to security specific developments.
Year ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company)
For the year ended December 31, 2016, impairments recognized in earnings were comprised of intent-to-sell impairments of $24$4 and credit impairments of $23,$22, both of which were primarily concentrated in corporate securities. Also, impairments recognized in earnings included impairments on equity securities of $14$2 that were in an unrealized loss position and the Company no longer believed the securities would recover in the foreseeable future.



CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Capital resources and liquidity represent the overall strengthfinancial resources of HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance Company and its ability to generate strong cash flows and to borrow funds at competitive rates and to meet operating needs over the next twelve months.
Liquidity Requirements and Sources of Capital
The HartfordTL has an intercompany liquidity agreement that allows for short-term advances of funds among The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (“HFSG Holding Company”) and certain affiliatesto its subsidiaries of up to $2.0$1.0 billion for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. The Connecticut Insurance Department ("CTDOI") granted approval for certain affiliated insurance companies that are parties to the agreement to treat receivables from a parent,subsidiary, including the HFSG HoldingTalcott Life and Annuity Insurance Company ("TLA"), as admitted assets for statutory accounting purposes. As of December 31, 2016,2018, there were no amounts outstanding frombetween TL and its subsidiaries.
TL and TLI also have an intercompany liquidity agreement that allows for short-term advances of funds between the HFSG Holding Company.two entities of up to $25 for liquidity and general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2018, there were no amounts outstanding between these two entities.
Derivative Commitments
Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings, as set by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies or RBC tests, of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings,thresholds, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could demand immediateterminate the agreements and ongoing full collateralization and in certain instances demand immediate settlement of all outstanding derivative positions traded under each impacted bilateral agreement. The settlement amount is determined by netting the derivative positions transacted under each agreement. If the termination rights were to be exercised by the counterparties, it could impact the legal entity’s ability to conduct hedging activities by increasing the associated costs and decreasing the willingness of counterparties to transact with the legal entity. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position as of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), was $794.$181. Of this $794$181 the legal entities have posted collateral of $939$190, which is inclusive of initial margin requirements, in the normal course of business. In addition, the Company has posted collateral of $31$29 associated with a customized GMWB derivative. Based on derivative market values as of December 31, 2016, a downgrade of one or two levels below the current financial strength ratings by either Moody’s or S&P would not require additional assets to be posted as collateral. These collateral amounts could change as derivative market values change, as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated. The nature of the collateral that we would post, if required, would be primarily in the form of U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury notes and government agency securities.
As of December 31, 2016, the aggregate notional amount and fair value of derivative relationships that could be subject to immediate termination in the event of a downgrade of one level below the current financial strength ratings was $1.1 billion and $23, respectively. These amounts could change as derivative market values change, as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated.

Insurance Operations
Total general account contractholder obligations are supported by $32$20 billion (Successor Company) of cash and total general account invested assets, which includes the following fixed maturity securities and short-term investments to meet liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2016, the Company's fixed maturities, short-term investments, and cash are summarized as follows:
As of December 31, 2018
Fixed maturities$23,901
$13,851
Short-term investments1,349
844
Cash554
221
Less: Derivative collateral1,164
594
Total$24,640
$14,322
Capital resources available to fund liquidity upon contractholder surrender or termination are a function of the legal entity in which the liquidity requirement resides. Obligations related to life and annuity insurance products will be generally funded by both Hartford Life Insurance Company ("HLIC")TL and Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company ("HLAI");TLA; obligations related to retirement and institutional investment products will be generally funded by Hartford Life Insurance Company.TL.
The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”). Membership allows the Company access to collateralized advances, which may be used to support various spread-based business and enhance liquidity management. FHLBB membership requires the company to own member stock and advances require the purchase of activity stock. The amount of advances that can be taken are dependent on the asset types pledged to secure the advances. The Connecticut Department of Insurance (“CTDOI”)CTDOI will permit the Company to pledge up to $1.1approximately $1.2 billion in qualifying assets to secure FHLBB advances for 2017.2019. The pledge limit is recalculated annually based on statutory admitted assets and capitalsurplus of TL and surplus.TLA. The Company would need to seek the prior approval of the CTDOI in order to exceed these limits. As of December 31, 2016, HLIC2018, TL and TLA had no advances outstanding under the FHLBB facility.


Contractholder ObligationsAs of December 31, 2016As of December 31, 2018
Total Contractholder obligations$160,273
$145,721
Less: Separate account assets [1]115,665
98,814
General account contractholder obligations$44,608
$46,907
Composition of General Account Contractholder Obligations  
Contracts without a surrender provision and/or fixed payout dates [2]$18,712
$23,267
Fixed MVA annuities [3]5,153
4,009
Other [4]20,743
19,631
General account contractholder obligations$44,608
$46,907
[1]In the event customers elect to surrender separate account assets, the Company will use the proceeds from the sale of the assets to fund the surrender, and the Company’s liquidity position will not be impacted. In many instances the Company will receive a percentage of the surrender amount as compensation for early surrender (surrender charge), increasing the Company’s liquidity position. In addition, a surrender of variable annuity separate account or general account assets (see the following) will decrease the Company’s obligation for payments on guaranteed living and death benefits.
[2]Relates to contracts such as payout annuities, institutional notes, term life, group benefit contracts, or death and living benefit reserves, which cannot be surrendered for cash.
[3]Relates to annuities that are recorded in the general account under U.S. GAAP as the contractholders are subject to the Company's credit risk, although these annuities are held in a statutory separate account. In the statutory separate account, the Company is required to maintain invested assets with a fair value greater than or equal to the MVA surrender value of the Fixed MVA contract. In the event assets decline in value at a greater rate than the MVA surrender value of the Fixed MVA contract, the Company is required to contribute additional capital to the statutory separate account. The Company will fund these required contributions with operating cash flows or short-term investments. In the event that operating cash flows or short-term investments are not sufficient to fund required contributions that are not covered by reinsurance, the Company may have to sell other invested assets at a loss, potentially resulting in a decrease in statutory surplus. As the fair value of invested assets in the statutory separate account are at least equal to the MVA surrender value of the Fixed MVA contract, surrender of Fixed MVA annuities will have an insignificant impact on the liquidity requirements of the Company.
[4]Surrenders of, or policy loans taken from, as applicable, these general account liabilities, whichmay be funded through operating cash flows of the Company, available short-term investments, or the Company may be required to sell fixed maturity investments to fund the surrender payment. These obligations include the general account option for individual variable annuities and the variable life contracts of the former Individual Life business, the general account option for annuities of the former Retirement Plans business and universal life contracts sold by the former Individual Life business, may be funded through operating cash flows of the Company, available short-term investments, or the Company may be required to sell fixed maturity investments to fund the surrender payment.business. Sales of fixed maturity investments could result in the recognition of significant realized losses and insufficient proceeds to fully fund the surrender amount. In this circumstance, the Company may need to take other actions, including enforcing certain contract provisions which could restrict surrenders and/or slow or defer payouts. The Company has ceded reinsurance in connection with the sales of its Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses to MassMutual and Prudential, respectively. The reinsurance transactions do not extinguish the Company's primary liability on the insurance policies issued under these businesses.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, or capital resources of the Company, except for unfunded commitments to purchase investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments, private placements and mortgage loans of $645577 as disclosed in Note 1011 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016:2018:
Payments due by periodPayments Due by Period
Total
Less than
1 year
1-3
years
3-5
years
More
than
5 years
Total
Less than
1 year
1-3
years
3-5
years
More
than
5 years
Life and annuity obligations [1]$241,553
$16,335
$27,875
$23,299
$174,044
$265,261
$14,559
$27,168
$23,860
$199,674
Operating lease obligations [2]4
2
2


7
2
4
1

Purchase obligations [3]761
740
17
4

594
594



Other liabilities reflected on the balance sheet [4]1,434
1,061
372
1

Other liabilities reflected on the balance sheet1,061
1,060
1


Total$243,752
$18,138
$28,266
$23,304
$174,044
$266,923
$16,215
$27,173
$23,861
$199,674
[1]Estimated life and annuity obligations include death claims, other charges associated with policyholder reserves, policy surrenders and policyholder dividends, offset by expected future deposits on in-force contracts. Estimated life and annuity obligations are based on mortality, morbidity and lapse assumptions comparable with the Company’s historical experience, modified for recent observed trends. The Company has also assumed market growth and interest crediting consistent with other assumptions. In contrast to this table, the majority of the Company’s obligations are recorded on the balance sheet at the current account values and do not incorporate an expectation of future market growth, interest crediting, or future deposits. Therefore, the estimated obligations presented in this table significantly exceed the liabilities recorded in reserve for future policy benefits, other policyholder funds and benefits payable, and separate account liabilities. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the amounts presented could materially differ from actual results.
[2]Includes future minimum lease payments on operating lease agreements.
[3]Included in purchase obligations is $30 relating to contractual commitments to purchase various goods and services such as maintenance and information technology in the normal course of business. Purchase obligations exclude contracts that are cancelable without penalty, or contracts that do not specify minimum levels of goods or services to be purchased. Currently, there are no contractual commitments to purchase various goods and services such as maintenance and information technology in the normal course of business included in purchase obligations.
[4]Includes consumer notes of $21. Consumer notes include principal payments, contractual interest for fixed rate notes, and interest based on current rates for floating rate notes.

Dividends
Dividends to the Company from its insurance subsidiaries and dividends from the Company to its parent are restricted by insurance regulation. The payment of dividends by Connecticut-domiciled insurers is limited under the insurance holding company laws of Connecticut. These laws require notice to and approval by the state insurance commissioner for the declaration or payment of any dividend, which, together with other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (i) 10% of the insurer’s policyholder surplus as of December 31 of the preceding year or (ii) net income (or net gain from operations, if such company is a life insurance company) for the twelve-month period ending on the thirty-first day of December last preceding, in each case determined under statutory insurance accounting principles. In addition, if any dividend of a domiciled insurer exceeds the insurer’s earned surplus or certain other thresholds as calculated under applicable state insurance law, the dividend requires the prior approval of the domestic regulator. In addition to statutory limitations on paying dividends, the Company also takes other items into consideration when determining dividends from subsidiaries. These considerations include, but are not limited to, expected earnings and capitalization of the subsidiary, regulatory capital requirements and liquidity requirements of the individual operating company. As a condition of the sale, Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company and its affiliates are required to gain pre-approval from the state insurance commissioner for any dividends, regardless of size, through May 31, 2020.
In 2016, HLAI paid dividendsOn December 3, 2017, The Hartford entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Company's parent, TLI, to a group of $750investors led by Cornell Capital LLC, Atlas Merchant Capital LLC, TRB Advisors LP, Global Atlantic Financial Group, Pine Brook and J. Safara Group. Prior to the Company which were subsequently paid to the Company's parent.
In 2017,close on May 31, 2018, the Company is permitted to pay up to a maximum of $1 billionpaid approximately $619 in dividends and the Company’s subsidiaries are permitted to pay up to a maximum of approximately $345 in dividends without prior approval from the applicable insurance commissioner. However, to meet the liquidity needed to pay dividends up to the HFSG Holding Company, the Company may require receiving regulatory approval for extraordinary dividends from HLAI. On January 30, 2017, HLAI paid a dividend of $300 to the Company which was subsequently paid as a dividend to the Company's parent.
The Company anticipates paying an additional $300 dividend to its parent during 2017.and subsequently to The Hartford. TL, formerly known as Hartford Life Insurance Company, contributed $309 and TLA, formally known as Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company, contributed $308 including other intercompany transactions net settled between TL and The Hartford prior to closing.


Cash Flows
20162015Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Net cash provided by operating activities$784
$682
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
20172016
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities$(741)$603
$797
$784
Net cash provided by investing activities$864
$1,446
$1,580
$463
$1,466
$864
Net cash used for financing activities$(1,399)$(2,081)$(865)$(1,356)$(2,280)$(1,399)
Cash - end of year$554
$305
$221
$247
$537
$554
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Net cash used for operating activities was primarily due to an increase in reinsurance recoverables driven by cash paid of approximately $1.5 billion to fund the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement.
Net cash provided by investing activities was primarily related to net proceeds from sales of short-term investments of $1.8 billion, mostly used to fund the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement, partially offset by net payment for derivatives of $303.
Net cash used for financing activities was related to net payments for deposits, transfers and withdrawals for investment and universal life-type contracts of $854.
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
Net cash provided by operating activities increased in 2016 as compared to 2015was primarily due to the receipt ofdriven by cash from income tax refunds and decreases in claims paid and operating expenses paid in 2016.received.
Net cash provided by investing activities in 2016was primarily relatesrelated to net proceeds from available-for-sale securities of approximately $1.5$2.0 billion, partially offset by net payments for short-term investments of $769. $1.5 billion and net payments for derivatives of $200.
Net cash used for financing activities was primarily due to dividends paid of $517, including capital contributions to the parent company of $619, partially offset by a return of capital from parent of $102. Also contributing to cash used in the period was net payments for deposits, transfers and withdrawals for investment and universal life-type contracts of $425 and a net decrease in securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase of $406.
For the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
Net cash provided by operating activities was primarily related to lower claims and benefits paid, as well as lower operating expenses.
Net cash provided by investing activities in 2015was primarily relatesrelated to net proceeds from short-term investmentsavailable-for-sale securities of approximately $1.6 billion.
Net cash used for financing activities in 2016 relateswas related to net payments for deposits, transfers and withdrawals for investment and universal life-type contracts of approximately $0.9$1.2 billion and the return of capital to the parent company of approximately $0.8 billion. $1.4 billion, partially offset by a $360 net increase in securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
For the year ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company)
Net cash provided by operating activities was primarily related to federal income tax refunds.
Net cash provided by investing activities was primarily related to net proceeds from available-for-sale securities of $1.5 billion, partially offset by net payments for short-term investments of $769.
Net cash used for financing activities in 2015 relateswas related to the return of capital to the parent of approximately $1.0 billion and net payments for deposits, transfers and withdrawals for investment and universal life-type contracts of $0.9 billion and return of capital to the parent company of approximately $1.3$0.8 billion.
Operating cash flows in bothall periods have been adequate to meet liquidity requirements.
Ratings
Ratings can have an impact on the Company's reinsurance and derivative contracts. There can be no assurance that the Company’s ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be changed. In the event the Company’s ratings are downgraded, reinsurance contracts may be adversely impacted and the Company may be required to post additional collateral on certain derivative contracts.


The following table summarizes HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance Company’s significant member companies’ financial ratings from the major independent rating organizations as of February 22, 2017:19, 2019:
Insurance Financial Strength Ratings:A.M. BestStandard & Poor’sMoody’s
HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance CompanyA-B++BBB+BBBBaa2Baa3
HartfordTalcott Resolution Life and Annuity Insurance CompanyA-B++BBB+BBBBaa2Baa3
These ratings are not a recommendation to buy or hold any of the Company’s securities and they may be revised or revoked at any time at the sole discretion of the rating organization.
The agencies consider many factors in determining the final rating of an insurance company. One consideration is the relative level of statutory capital and surplus, (referred to collectively as "statutory capital") necessary to support the business written and is reported in accordance with accounting practices prescribed by the applicable state insurance department.
Statutory Capital
The Company’s stockholder's equity, as prepared using U.S. GAAP, was $7.82.0 billion as of December 31, 20162018. The Company’s estimated aggregate statutory capital and surplus, as prepared in accordance with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual (“U.S. STAT”), was $4.4$3.7 billion as of December 31, 20162018.
Below is a reconciliation of estimated aggregate statutory capital and surplus to U.S. GAAP stockholder's equity as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company).
 Successor Company
 As of December 31, 2018
U.S. statutory capital at December 31, 2018$3,713
U.S. GAAP adjustments: 
VOBA716
Non-admitted deferred tax assets72
Deferred income taxes589
Other intangible assets51
Non-admitted assets other than deferred tax assets24
Asset valuation reserve and interest maintenance reserve424
Benefit reserves(3,311)
Unrealized gain on investments516
Other, net [1](789)
U.S. GAAP stockholder's equity at December 31, 2018$2,005
[1]Includes GAAP deferred gain on the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement
Significant differences between U.S. GAAP stockholder’s equity and aggregate statutory capital prepared in accordance with U.S. STAT include the following:
U.S. STAT excludes equity of non-insurance and foreign insurance subsidiaries not held by U.S. insurance subsidiaries.
Costs incurred by the Company to acquire insurance policies are deferred under U.S. GAAP while those costs are expensed immediately under U.S. STAT.
Temporary differences between the book and tax basis of an asset or liability which are recorded as deferred tax assets are evaluated for recoverability under U.S. GAAP while those amounts deferred are subject to limitations under U.S. STAT.


The assumptions used in the determination of benefit reserves are prescribed under U.S. STAT, while the assumptions used under U.S. GAAP are generally the Company’s best estimates.estimates which were reset effective June 1, 2018 with the election of pushdown accounting. The methodologies for determining life insurance reserve amounts are also different. For example, reserving for living benefit reserves under U.S. STAT is generally addressed by the Commissioners’ Annuity Reserving Valuation Methodology and the related Actuarial Guidelines, while under U.S. GAAP, those same living benefits are either embedded derivatives recorded at fair value or are recorded as additional minimum guarantee benefit reserves. The sensitivity of these life insurance reserves to changes in equity markets, as applicable, will be different between U.S. GAAP and U.S. STAT.


The difference between the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity and other investments, net of tax, is recorded as an increase or decrease to the carrying value of the related asset and to equity under U.S. GAAP, while U.S. STAT only records certain securities at fair value, such as equity securities and certain lower rated bonds required by the NAIC to be recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.
U.S. STAT for life insurance companies establishes a formula reserve for realized and unrealized losses due to default and equity risks associated with certain invested assets (the Asset Valuation Reserve), while U.S. GAAP does not. Also, for those realized gains and losses caused by changes in interest rates, U.S. STAT for life insurance companies defers and amortizes the gains and losses, caused by changes in interest rates, into income over the original life to maturity of the asset sold (the Interest Maintenance Reserve) while U.S. GAAP does not.
Deferred gains on reinsurance transactions are a restricted component of surplus on a U.S. STAT basis, while in U.S. GAAP it is included in liabilities and amortized into income over the life of the underlying policies reinsured.
In addition, certain assets, including a portion of premiums receivable and fixed assets, are non-admitted (recorded at zero value and charged against surplus) under U.S. STAT. U.S. GAAP generally evaluates assets based on their recoverability.
Risk-based Capital
The Company's U.S. insurance companies' states of domicile impose risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements. The requirements provide a means of measuring the minimum amount of statutory capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations, based on its size and risk profile. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of a company's total adjusted capital (“TAC”) to its authorized control level RBC (“ACL RBC”). Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The minimum level of TAC before corrective action commences (“Company Action Level”) is two times the ACL RBC .RBC. The adequacy of a company's capital is determined by the ratio of a company's TAC to its Company Action Level, known as the "RBC ratio". The Company and all of its operating insurance subsidiaries had RBC ratios in excess of the minimum levels required by the applicable insurance regulations. The RBC ratios for the Company and its principal life insurance operating subsidiaries were all in excess of 400%300% of their Company Action Levels as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company). The reporting of RBC ratios is not intended for the purpose of ranking any insurance company, or for use in connection with any marketing, advertising or promotional activities.
Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
For further information on other contingencies, see Note 1011 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Legislative and Regulatory Developments
Tax Reform
At the end of 2017, Congress passed and the president signed, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform"), which enacted significant reforms to the U.S. tax code. The major areas of interest to the Company include the reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax, modifications to the separate account dividends received deduction, a change to the net operating loss provisions to allow carry-forward without expiration, and changes to the calculation of deductible acquisition costs and policyholder reserves that affect the timing of those deductions. The U.S. Treasury and IRS will continue to develop guidance for implementing Tax Reform, and Congress may consider additional technical corrections to the legislation. Tax proposals and regulatory initiatives which have been or are being considered by Congress and/or the United StatesU.S. Treasury Department could have a material effect on the Company. These proposalsCompany and initiatives include, or could include, changes pertaining to the income tax treatment ofits insurance companies and life insurance products and annuities, repeal or reform of the estate tax and comprehensive federal tax reform, and changes to the regulatory structure for financial institutions.businesses. The nature and timing of any Congressional or regulatory action with respect to any such efforts is unclear. For additional information on risks to the Company related to tax reform,Tax Reform, please see the risk factor entitled "Changes in federal or state tax laws could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity" under "Risk Factors" in Part I.
Insurance Business Transfer and Division Statutes
States have been considering and adopting various types of insurance business transfer acts and insurance division acts. For example, on May 3, 2017, the Connecticut state Senate passed legislation authorizing a statute that makes available a process by which a domestic insurance company may divide into two or more domestic insurance companies. Under this act, an insurer undergoes a corporate level transaction like a merger or consolidation and divides into two or more insurers with assets and liabilities, including insurance policies, allocated among the resulting insurers. The statute could be used to realign an existing block of insurance business for sale to a third party in a transaction that, without the statute, had limited ability to be accomplished. The statute could also be used to divide continuing blocks of insurance business from insurance business that is no longer marketed, or otherwise has been discontinued, into separate companies with separate capital. Before a plan of division can be effected, it must be approved according to the organizational


documents of the dividing insurer and submitted for approval by the Connecticut Insurance Department. In 2018, similar legislation was passed in Illinois and Michigan and several other states are considering similar legislation. In addition, states adopted, and continue to consider adopting, various insurance business transfer acts.
Privacy and Cybersecurity
In 2018, there was a proliferation of state and federal legislative proposals to protect customer privacy and augment cybersecurity protections. Noteworthy for 2018 is the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) passed in July 2018. At this time, all companies operating in California are required to comply with the law by January 1, 2020. The law creates numerous consumer rights, including increased access to personal information and its disclosures. The precise impact of many of the CCPA’s provisions will not be fully known until the California Attorney General provides guidance and adopts corresponding regulations.
Cybersecurity legislation continues to be a growing area of priority. For example, the New York’s Department of Financial Services enacted their Cybersecurity Regulation in February 2017. The regulation places cybersecurity requirements upon all covered financial institutions, and each institution is required to sign a certificate of compliance annually. In addition, South Carolina, Ohio, and Michigan have adopted similar cybersecurity requirements that apply to the Company. New regulations regarding cybersecurity disclosures is also on the rise. As of 2018, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have their own data breach notification laws and, in February 2018, the SEC issued an interpretative Commission Statement and Guidance on Public Company Cybersecurity Disclosures to provide companies guidance on meeting their cybersecurity disclosure requirements.
Compliance with the ever increasing number of privacy and cybersecurity regulations involves a significant amount of resources and can be costly to implement.
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-related Assessments
For a discussion regarding Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-related Assessments, see Note 1011 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
For a discussion of accounting standards, see Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


Item 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required by this item is set forth in the Enterprise Risk Management section of Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules elsewhere herein.


Item 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's principal executive officer and its principal financial officer, based on their evaluation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective for the purposes set forth in the definition thereof in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of December 31, 20162018.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed its internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 20162018 in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment under those criteria, Thethe Company’s management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 20162018.


This annual report does not include an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's fourth fiscal quarter of 20162018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.OTHER INFORMATION
None.


PART III 
Item 10.DIRECTORS, AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Omitted pursuantIdentification of Directors
All of our Directors are elected to General Instruction I(2)(c)serve for a period of Form 10-K.one year. The Company's directors are also directors of its indirect parent, Hopmeadow Holdings GP LLC ("HHGP"). The HHGP directors are appointed annually and are designated by certain investors of HHGP in accordance with an agreement among the investors.
Set forth below are the names, ages, date of election and present principal occupations of our current Directors for the past five years as of January 31, 2019. The table also sets forth the various committees each of the Company's Directors serves on with respect to the Company's Board of Directors or the board of directors of HHGP.
NameAgeYear First Became a DirectorPrincipal Occupation and Employment for the Past Five Years
Richard J. Carbone [1]712018Corporate Director since May 2013; Former Executive Vice President of Prudential Financial, Inc. from January 2008 to February 2014
Henry Cornell [2]622018Founder and Senior Partner of Cornell Capital since 2013
Gilles M. Dellaert [4]402018Co-President & Chief Investment Officer of Global Atlantic Financial Group Ltd. and Global Atlantic Investment Advisors LLC since 2017; Executive Vice President & Chief Investment Officer of Global Atlantic Financial Group Ltd. from January 2014 to 2017
Oliver M. Goldstein [3] [4]472018Managing Director, Financial Services Investment Team of PBRA, LLC since October 2009
Brion S. Johnson592018Chief Investment Officer of The Hartford and President of Hartford Investment Management Company (HIMCO), since June 2012; President of the Company from September 2014 to May 2018
Emily R. Pollack [1] [3] [4]412018Managing Director of Cornell Capital LLC since January 2017; previously Vice President of Harron Communications from June 2010 to January 2017
Michael S. Rubinoff [1]562018Head of Private Equity of J. Safra Group since May 2012
Peter F. Sannizzaro522018President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since November 2018; previously President and Chief Operating Officer from June 2018 to November 2018; previously Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company from September 2012 to May 2018; and Senior Vice President of the Company from June 2011 to May 2018
David I. Schamis [2] [4]452018Founding Partner and Chief Investment Officer of Atlas Merchant Capital LLC since January 2014
Robert W. Stein [1] [2]702018Corporate Director since October 2011
Heath L. Watkin [2] [3]452018President and Chief Investment Officer of TRB Advisors LP since January 2010
[1]Member of the Audit Committee of the Company and HHGP
[2]Member of the Finance, Investment and Enterprise Risk Committee of the Company and HHGP
[3]Member of the Compensation Committee of HHGP
[4]Member of the Corporate Governance Committee of HHGP


The following is a list of directorships currently held, or formerly held within the five previous years, by the Directors of the Company on companies whose securities are traded publicly in the United States or that are investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
DirectorDirectorships
Richard J. CarboneE*TRADE Financial Corporation (August 2013 to Present)
Henry Cornell
MRC Global Inc. (June 2018 to Present);
Cypress Energy Partners GP, LLC (January 2014 to Present)
Oliver M. GoldsteinOrigin Bancorp, Inc. (January 2013 to February 2019)
Robert W. Stein
Assurant, Inc. (October 2011-Present);
Aviva plc (January 2013 to May 2017)
The Corporate Governance Committee of HHGP is charged with recommending to the Board of Directors the qualifications for Directors, including among other things, the competencies, skills, experience and level of commitment required to fulfill Board responsibilities and the personal qualities that should be sought in candidates for Board membership.
The Company’s Directors are identified below along with an indication of their experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, which leads the Company to believe that they are qualified to serve on the Board of Directors.
Richard J. Carbone
Mr. Carbone was formerly Chief Financial Officer of Prudential Financial, Inc. from 1997 through 2013, and served as Executive Vice President until retiring from that position in February 2014. Mr. Carbone brings nearly four decades of experience in financial services, having held senior finance office positions in both the banking and securities industries, including Managing Director and Controller of Salomon Brothers and Senior Vice President and Controller of Bankers Trust Company. He began his career at Price Waterhouse & Co. and is a Certified Public Accountant. He was an officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1969 to 1972. Mr. Carbone is currently a Trustee of Catholic Charities of Staten Island. He also serves on the Board of Directors of E*TRADE Financial Corporation and E*TRADE Bank and is Chair of its Audit Committee and designated an audit committee financial expert and is a member of its Compensation Committee. He is a director of Resolution Life Holdings (USA) and its indirect subsidiary, Lincoln Benefit Life where he is Chair of the Risk and Investment Committee and a member of the Audit Committee; he is also an advisor to Hudson Structured Capital Management. He is Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and HHGP, the Company’s indirect parent, as well as a member of the Audit Committee of the Company and HHGP.
Henry Cornell
Mr. Cornell is the Founder and Senior Partner of Cornell Capital, where he is personally involved in the sourcing, evaluation, execution and ownership of each investment. Prior to founding Cornell Capital, Mr. Cornell was the Vice Chairman of the Merchant Banking Division of Goldman Sachs. Mr. Cornell has over 30 years of experience across all aspects of private equity investing in a broad array of industries. He began his career as an attorney with Davis Polk & Wardwell before joining Goldman Sachs in 1984 in the Investment Banking Division. He moved to Tokyo in 1988 to head Goldman Sachs’s real estate efforts in Asia. In 1992, he moved to Hong Kong to found Goldman Sachs’ principal investment business in Asia. Under his leadership, Goldman Sachs made numerous landmark investments in Asia, including in Ping An Insurance Company of China, Sanyo Corporation, Hana Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC). He returned to New York in 2000, where he played a key role in the success of the Goldman Sachs Capital Partners funds GSCP 2000, GSCP V and GSCP VI as a leader in the division, member of the global investment committee and active investor. Mr. Cornell was active across the US and Asia, and his notable investments include Allied World, Barrett Energy, Kinder Morgan, USI, MRC Global and Cobalt. He currently serves a board member of HHGP, the Company, Cypress Energy Partners, L.P., MRC Global Inc., is a member of the Board of Trustees of Mt. Sinai, the Whitney Museum, The Asia Society and the Navy SEAL Foundation and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Gilles M. Dellaert
Mr. Dellaert is Co-President and Chief Investment Officer of Global Atlantic, where he is highly engaged in the day-to-day management of the business and the company’s overall strategy. He also oversees all of Global Atlantic’s Investment Office, which includes all of the investment and reinsurance activity. Mr. Dellaert is Chairman of the Investment Committee of Global Atlantic. Previously, he worked in Goldman Sachs’ Securities Division Credit Trading business. He joined Goldman Sachs in 2003 after having worked for J.P. Morgan Securities. Mr. Dellaert currently serves as a board member of HHGP and the Company.
Oliver M. Goldstein
Mr. Goldstein is Managing Director on the financial services investment team at Pine Brook, where he also serves as a member of the Investment Committee. Mr. Goldstein currently represents Pine Brook as a director of Fair Square Financial Holdings LLC and Strategic


Funding Source, Inc. Mr. Goldstein has 24 years of private equity and financial advisory experience. Prior to 2009, he spent four years as a partner and senior managing director at Eton Park Capital Management. Mr. Goldstein started and led Eton Park’s U.S. private investment effort, establishing an investment strategy concentrated on growth equity financings and special situations, with a primary industry focus in financial services. Mr. Goldstein was with Warburg Pincus from 1999 to 2005, most recently as a managing director responsible for leveraged buyouts and direct investments in public companies. Earlier in his career, Mr. Goldstein worked for Fenway Partners and Goldman, Sachs & Co. He currently serves as a board member of HHGP and the Company.
Brion S. Johnson
Mr. Johnson is Chief Investment Officer of The Hartford and President of HIMCO, The Hartford’s institutional asset management business. Prior to being named President of HIMCO in 2012, he served as a Managing Director, Chief Financial Officer and Head of Strategy and Development of HIMCO. From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Johnson also served as president of Talcott Resolution, the business segment comprising The Hartford’s former run-off annuity business. Prior to joining HIMCO, Mr. Johnson worked at Prudential, plc, North American Operations, rising through the ranks while working at the company’s affiliates, PPM America, Inc. and Jackson National Life Insurance Company. His most recent role was serving as Executive Vice President and Head of Portfolio Management of PPM America, leading a team of investment professionals responsible for client relationships, portfolio management, and quantitative and risk management, as well as trade execution for clients in the U.S., England and Asia. He currently serves as a board member of HHGP and the Company.
Emily R. Pollack
Ms. Pollack is a Managing Director of Cornell Capital LLC, a private investment firm. Prior to joining Cornell Capital in January 2017, she was Vice President of Harron Communications, LP, a cable company, where she was employed from June 2010 until January 2017. She began her career at Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP in the Mergers & Acquisitions group, and also previously worked at American International Group, Inc. (AIG). Ms. Pollack currently serves as a board member of HHGP, the Company, and PureStar, a portfolio company of Cornell Capital.
Michael S. Rubinoff
Mr. Rubinoff is the Head of Private Equity at J. Safra Group since May 2012. Prior to joining the J. Safra Group, Mr. Rubinoff was a senior executive at Bank of America and at Merrill Lynch, where he held positions including Co-Head of the Global Corporate and Investment Bank, Global Head of Financial Institutions Investment Banking and Head of Financial Institutions Investing. Before joining Bank of America and Merrill Lynch, Mr. Rubinoff founded Infinity Point, an investment firm focused on financial institutions, where Mr. Rubinoff partnered in the acquisition of and management of the control stake of Israel Discount Bank, Israel’s third largest bank. Prior to founding Infinity Point, Mr. Rubinoff was a Partner at Goldman Sachs and Co-head of the Financial Institutions Group within the Investment Banking Division responsible for the Americas. He specialized in providing strategic advice and capital markets services for financial institutions and globally. During his investment banking career, Mr. Rubinoff advised on over $100 billion in mergers, restructurings and capital raises. He currently serves as a director on the Boards of Chiquita Brands International Inc., Global Atlantic Financial Group, Q-Park N.V., HHGP and the Company. Mr. Rubinoff also serves as an observer to the Board of Directors of USI, Inc., as a member of the Board of Directors of the Andy Warhol Museum and as a Trustee of The Jewish Museum.
Peter F. Sannizzaro
Mr. Sannizzaro was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in November 2018, where he is highly engaged in the day-to-day management of the business and the establishment of its overall strategy. He has 30 years of experience in the financial services industry, including serving as President and Chief Operating Officer from June 2018 to November 2018 and previously the Chief Financial Officer for the Company for five years where he had responsibility for Finance, Actuarial and Risk. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst and a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Sannizzaro currently serves as a director of Foodshare, Inc., Chair of its Finance Committee and a member of its Executive Committee and Retirement Committee. He is also a director of HHGP and the Company.
David I. Schamis
Mr. Schamis is the Founding Partner and Chief Investment Officer at Atlas Merchant Capital since January 2014. Prior to joining Atlas, Mr. Schamis worked at J.C. Flowers from 2000 to January 2014, most recently as a Managing Director and member of the Management Committee. Mr. Schamis joined J.C. Flowers at its inception and has had significant experience investing in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. His day-to-day responsibilities included transaction and sourcing execution, portfolio company monitoring and firm operations. Prior to J.C. Flowers, Mr. Schamis worked in the financial institutions investment banking group at Salomon Smith Barney LLC from 1995 to 2000. He was previously Chairman of the Board of Directors of Fox-Pitt Kelton and Ascensus Retirement Services (formerly Crump Group, Inc.). He also served on the Board of Directors for Affirmative Insurance Holdings, Inc., Symetra Financial Corporation and MF Global Ltd. Mr. Schamis is currently a member of the Board of Directors of HHGP, South Street Securities Holdings Inc., Somerset Reinsurance Ltd., Praxia Bank, the Company, and Panmure Gordon & Co. PLC.


Robert W. Stein
Mr. Stein is a retired Global Managing Partner of Actuarial Services of Ernst & Young where he spent over 40 years in various leadership roles advising many of the world’s leading insurance companies on financial and operating matters. Mr. Stein currently serves as a director and Chair of the Audit Committee of each of Assurant, Inc., Resolution Life Holdings (USA), HHGP and the Company. He is a director of Worldwide Reinsurance, Ltd. and serves as an advisor to the Board of Directors of Global Synergy Holdings. Mr. Stein is a Trustee Emeritus of the Actuarial Foundation. He is a member of both the AICPA and the American Academy of Actuaries, as well as a Fellow of the Society of Actuaries. Mr. Stein is a Certified Public Account.
Heath L. Watkin
Mr. Watkin is the President and Chief Investment Officer at TRB Advisors LP, a role he has held since January 2010. Prior to joining TRB Advisors, Mr. Watkin was a Managing Director at Atticus Capital, where he focused on special situations and deep value investments. Mr. Watkin is a member of the Board of Directors of GreyCastle Holdings, Ltd., Goji Insurance, HHGP, and the Company.
Identification of Executive Officers
NameAgePosition with the Company and Business Experience for the Past Five Years
Ellen T. Below53Vice President and Chief Communications Officer of the Company since June 2018; previously Vice President of Project Management Office of the Company from April 2014 to May 2018; and Assistant Vice President and Chief of Staff of the Company from October 2008 to April 2014
Matthew C. Bjorkman37Vice President and Chief Auditor of the Company since June 2018; previously Director of Risk & Regulatory Consulting LLC from October 2015 to May 2018; and Senior Manager of Deloitte & Touche LLP from September 2003 to September 2015
John B. Brady48Vice President and Chief Actuary of the Company since June 2018; previously Vice President and Actuary of the Company from April 2007 to May 2018
Christopher B. Cramer46Vice President, Director of Tax and Deputy General Counsel of the Company since June 2018; Head of Tax Law and Deputy General Counsel of The Hartford prior to May 2018
George E. Eknaian58Senior Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of the Company since June 2018; previously a Consultant from November 2014 to May 2018; and Senior Vice President and Chief Actuary of the Company from November 2006 to October 2014
Diane Krajewski56Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the Company since June 2018, Head of Operations of the Company since August 2018; previously Vice President, Head of Operations and Chief Information Officer of the Company from July 2014 to May 2018; previously Vice President and Head of Operations of the Company from 2013 to June 2014
Matthew J. Poznar59Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer and Director of the Company since June 2018; previously Senior Vice President and Director of the Company from May 2015 to May 2018; previously President of HIMCO Variable Insurance Trust from 2014 to 2018; and Chief Executive Officer of HIMCO Distribution Services Company from 2014 to 2018
Lisa M. Proch48Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company since June 2018; previously Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company from October 2016 to May 2018; previously Vice President, Assistant General Counsel, and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company from October 2012 to October 2016
Peter F. Sannizzaro52President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company since November 2018; previously, President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of the Company from June 2018 to October 2018; previously Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company from September 2012 to May 2018; and Senior Vice President of the Company from June 2011 to May 2018
Robert R. Siracusa53Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company since June 2018; previously Vice President of The Hartford from June 2009 to May 2018
Samir Srivastava52Vice President and Chief Information Officer of the Company since August 2018, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of the Company from June 2018 to August 2018; previously Vice President of The Hartford from August 2001 to May 2018
Certain of these executive officers also serve as executive officers and/or directors of various Company subsidiaries.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that is applicable to its senior financial officers, as well as to other officers and employees. All of the items identified as elements of a “code of ethics” as defined in Securities and Exchange


Commission regulations adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are substantively covered by the Code. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on the Company’s website at:
https://www.talcottresolution.com/talcott_resolution_code_of_ethics_and_business_conduct.html
In the event the Company amends or waives any of the provisions of the Code applicable to our principal executive officer or principal financial officer that relate to any element of the definition of “code of ethics” enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K under the 1934 Act, the Company intends to disclose these actions on the Company’s website.
Security Holder Communications
As a wholly-owned subsidiary, the Board of Directors of the Company does not have a formal process for security holders to send communications to the Board of Directors.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company’s Board has reviewed the qualifications of each member of the Audit Committee and determined that Mr. Robert Stein meets the definition of an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K; Mr. Stein is independent of management.


Item 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
OmittedExecutive Officers
The Company has no employees, as we are managed by Talcott Resolution Life, Inc. ("TLI"), the Company's parent, pursuant to General Instruction I(2)(c)an Intercompany Services and Cost Allocation Agreement effective as of Form 10-K.June 1, 2018 (the “Management Agreement”) between the Company, TLI and other Company affiliates. Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the parties provide a variety of operating services to each other to conduct their day to day business, including employee management services. Expenses incurred by TLI in providing these services are reimbursed by the Company based on TLI’s actual cost incurred.
Directors
Except as set forth below, directors designated by Company investors to serve on the Company's Board are compensated by the investor that designated them in the ordinary course of business as employees of the investor firm. Any compensation paid to a director by their employing firm is not specifically for service as a director of the Company.
In 2018, the Company compensated its two independent directors, Richard Carbone and Robert Stein. None of the other Directors received compensation for their board service. The following sets out compensation paid in 2018 to these directors for board service from June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2019.
Name
Fees Paid in Cash
($)
Total
($)
R. Carbone$250,000
$250,000
R. Stein$100,000
$100,000
In addition to the annual cash board service fee noted above, each of Mr. Carbone and Mr. Stein was granted the following number of phantom units, none of which have been paid.
NameUnpaid Phantom Stock Units
R. Carbone3,500
R. Stein700
These phantom units were awarded pursuant to the Hopmeadow Holdings, LP Phantom Unit Incentive Plan (the “Phantom Plan"), the long-term incentive plan of the Company’s indirect parent, Hopmeadow Holdings LP. Each phantom unit represents a notional value of $1,000 at the time of the grant. The phantom units will be subject to vesting over a three-year period commencing on June 1, 2019 and will entitle the holder to receive cash distributions if certain distributions are made to the buyers of the Company. Prior to June 1, 2020, any distributions and the amount of those distributions is contingent on the approval of the CTDOI. As a result, the actual value of these phantom units cannot be determined at this time.


Item 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Omitted pursuantSecurity Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
The Company is wholly-owned subsidiary of Talcott Resolution Life, Inc.
Security Ownership of Management
Interests owned in the Company by its investors may be deemed to General Instruction I(2)(c)be beneficially owned by those Company directors employed by the investors. Except for Mssrs. Cornell and Schamis, these directors disclaim beneficial ownership of Form 10-K.any interest in the Company owned by their employing investor.
Mr. Cornell and Mr. Schamis may be deemed to beneficially own 39% and 8.1% of the Company, respectively. Except for Mssrs. Cornell and Schamis, no director or executive officer beneficially owns any equity security of the Company or any of its parents or subsidiaries.


Item 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Omitted pursuantReview and Approval of Related Party Transactions
We review all relationships and transactions in which we and our investors, Directors, executive officers, and their immediate family members ("related parties") participate to determine if any related party has a direct or indirect material interest. Our General Instruction I(2)(c)Counsel's office is primarily responsible for developing and implementing processes to obtain the necessary information and for determining, based on the facts and circumstances, whether a direct or indirect material interest exists. We disclose any such transactions in our Annual Report, as required by the SEC rules.
If the General Counsel's Office determines that a transaction may require disclosure under SEC rules, the General Counsel's Office will notify the Board of Directors. The Board will approve or ratify the transaction only if certain criteria is met. Among other criteria, the Board considers whether such transactions were on terms that are no less favorable, in the aggregate, to the Company and its affiliates than those that could reasonably be obtained in a comparable arms’-length transaction with a person other than the related party. Such review also considers established conflict of interest guidelines with respect to the Company and its affiliates.
Based on the information available to the Company's General Counsel's Office and to the Board, there have been no transactions between the Company and any related party since June 1, 2018, nor are any currently proposed, for which disclosure is required under the SEC rules.
Director Independence
Although not subject to the independence standards of the New York Stock Exchange, for purposes of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K, the Company has applied the independence standards required for listed companies of the New York Stock Exchange to the Board of Directors. Applying these standards, the Company has determined that it has at least two independent directors, Richard Carbone and Robert Stein.



Item 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, the “Deloitte Entities”) for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements, audit-related services, tax services and all other services for the years ended December 31, 20162018 and 2015.2017.
(amounts are in whole dollars)Year Ended December 31, 2016Year Ended December 31, 2015
(1) Audit fees$5,877,000
$6,249,000
(2) Audit-related fees [1]12,500

(3) Tax fees

(4) All other fees

Total [2]$5,889,500
$6,249,000
(amounts are in whole dollars)Year Ended December 31, 2018Year Ended December 31, 2017
Audit fees$3,984,000
$4,065,000
Audit-related fees [1]

Tax fees[1]

All other fees [1]

Total$3,984,000
$4,065,000
[1] FeesThere were no fees for the yearcategories Audit-related, Tax or All Other for the years ended December 31, 2016 principally consisted of procedures related to a legal entity reorganization project.
[2] 2015 audit fees includes approximately $76 thousand that was billed in 2016 but related to services provided for the 2015 audit.2018 and 2017.
The Hartford’sCompany's Audit Committee (the “Committee”) concluded that the provision of the non-audit services provided to The Hartfordthe Company by the Deloitte Entities during 20162018 and 20152017 was compatible with maintaining the Deloitte Entities’ independence.
The Committee has established policies requiring pre-approval of audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm. The policies require that the Committee pre-approve specifically described audit, and audit-related services, annually. For the annual pre-approval, the Committee approves categories of audit services, audit-related services and related fee budgets. For all pre-approvals, the Committee considers whether such services are consistent with the rules of the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board on auditor independence. The independent registered public accounting firm and management report to the Committee on a timely basis regarding the services rendered by and actual fees paid to the independent registered public accounting firm to ensure that such services are within the limits approved by the Committee. The Committee’s policies require specific pre-approval of all tax services, internal control-related services and all other permitted services on an individual project basis. As provided by the Committee’s policies, the Committee has delegated to its Chairman the authority to address any requests for pre-approval of services between Committee meetings, up to a maximum of $100 thousand for non-tax services and up to a maximum of $5 thousand for tax services.$25 thousand. The Chairman must report any pre-approvals to the full Committee at its next scheduled meeting.


PART IV
Item 15.EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)Documents filed as a part of this report:
(1)
Consolidated Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules elsewhere herein.
(2)
Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statement and Schedules elsewhere herein.
(3)
Exhibits. See Exhibit Index elsewhere herein.



HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
DescriptionPage
Consolidated Statements of Operations — For the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and For the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 20152017 and 20142016 (Predecessor Company)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) — For the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and For the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 20152017 and 20142016 (Predecessor Company)
Consolidated Balance Sheets — As of December 31, 20168 (Successor Company) and 20152017 (Predecessor Company)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder’s Equity — For the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and For the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 20152017 and 20142016 (Predecessor Company)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — For the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and For the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 20152017 and 20142016 (Predecessor Company)


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of
HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance Company
Hartford, Connecticut

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of HartfordTalcott Resolution Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries (formerly Hartford Life Insurance Company) (the "Company") as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015, and2017 (Predecessor Company), the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholder's equity, and cash flows, for eachthe period of the three years inJune 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included2017 and 2016 (Predecessor Company), and the consolidatedrelated notes and the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15. These consolidated15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (Predecessor Company), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Emphasis of a Matter
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statement schedulesstatements, the Company's direct parent, Talcott Resolution Life, Inc., was acquired by Hopmeadow Holdings LP on May 31, 2018. The Company elected to apply pushdown accounting by applying the guidance permitted under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805 Business Combinations.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidatedCompany's financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement.misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. OurAs part of our audits, included considerationwe are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includesopinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessingstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidatedpresentation of the financial statement presentation.statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hartford Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such consolidated financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.


/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Hartford, ConnecticutCT  
February 24, 201722, 2019



We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.



HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations


Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018
For the years ended 
December 31,
(In millions)20162015201420172016
Revenues    
Fee income and other$969
$1,097
$1,210
$502
$381
$906
$969
Earned premiums203
92
32
31
42
105
203
Net investment income1,373
1,456
1,543
509
520
1,281
1,373
Net realized capital gains (losses):    
Total other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses(29)(63)(31)(8)
(16)(29)
OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income (losses) ("OCI")1
2
2
OTTI losses recognized in other comprehensive income1

2
1
Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings(28)(61)(29)(7)
(14)(28)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)(135)(85)606
149
(107)(46)(135)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)(163)(146)577
142
(107)(60)(163)
Amortization of deferred reinsurance gain38



Total revenues2,382
2,499
3,362
1,222
836
2,232
2,382
Benefits, losses and expenses    
Benefits, loss and loss adjustment expenses1,437
1,402
1,460
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC")114
69
206
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses415
534
1,406
1,437
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and value of business acquired ("VOBA")98
16
48
114
Insurance operating costs and other expenses472
524
851
235
183
400
472
Reinsurance gain on disposition
(28)(23)
Other intangible asset amortization4



Dividends to policyholders3
2
7
2
2
2
3
Total benefits, losses and expenses2,026
1,969
2,501
754
735
1,856
2,026
Income before income taxes356
530
861
468
101
376
356
Income tax expense74
30
184
59
7
422
74
Net income282
500
677
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

1
Net income attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company$282
$500
$676
Net income (loss)$409
$94
$(46)$282
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)


Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Year Ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(In millions)20162015201420172016
Net income$282
$500
$677
Net income (loss)$409
$94
$(46)$282
Other comprehensive income (loss):    
Change in net unrealized gain on securities154
(615)659
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on securities(173)(430)329
154
Change in net gain on cash-flow hedging instruments(25)(13)(9)
(18)(28)(25)
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments

(3)2
1


OCI, net of tax129
(628)647
(171)(447)301
129
Comprehensive income (loss)411
(128)1,324
$238
$(353)$255
$411
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest

1
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company$411
$(128)$1,323
 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets


As of December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
(In millions, except for share data)20162015As of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
Assets   
Investments:   
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $22,507 and $23,559)$23,819
$24,657
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option (includes variable interest entity assets, at fair value, of $0 and $49)82
165
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (cost of $142 and $471) (includes equity securities, at fair value using the fair value option, of $0 and $281, and variable interest entity assets of $0 and $1)152
459
Mortgage loans (net of allowance for loan losses of $19 and $19)2,811
2,918
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: December 31, 2018 Successor Company - $14,035; December 31, 2017 Predecessor Company - $20,914)$13,839
$22,799
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option12
32
Equity securities, at fair value116

Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (cost: December 31, 2017 Predecessor Company - $140)
154
Mortgage loans (net of valuation allowances: December 31, 2018 Successor Company - $5; December 31, 2017 Predecessor Company - $0)2,100
2,872
Policy loans, at outstanding balance1,442
1,446
1,441
1,432
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments (includes variable interest entity assets of $0 and $2)930
1,216
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments894
1,001
Other investments293
212
201
213
Short-term investments (includes variable interest entity assets of $0 and $2)1,349
572
Short-term investments844
1,094
Total investments30,878
31,645
19,447
29,597
Cash554
305
221
537
Premiums receivable and agents’ balances, net18
19
12
15
Reinsurance recoverables20,725
20,499
29,564
20,785
Deferred policy acquisition costs463
542
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired716
405
Deferred income taxes, net1,437
1,581
969
556
Other intangible assets51

Other assets606
648
352
1,003
Separate account assets115,665
120,111
98,814
115,834
Total assets$170,346
$175,350
$150,146
$168,732
Liabilities   
Reserve for future policy benefits$14,000
$13,850
$18,323
$14,482
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable30,588
31,157
28,584
29,228
Other liabilities (includes variable interest entity liabilities of $0 and $12)2,272
2,070
Other liabilities2,420
2,508
Separate account liabilities115,665
120,111
98,814
115,834
Total liabilities162,525
167,188
148,141
162,052
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)



Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)



Stockholder’s Equity   
Common stock—1,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding, par value $5,6906
6
6
6
Additional paid-in capital4,935
5,687
1,761
3,539
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax722
593
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(171)1,023
Retained earnings2,158
1,876
409
2,112
Total stockholder’s equity7,821
8,162
2,005
6,680
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity$170,346
$175,350
$150,146
$168,732
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder's Equity


(In millions)Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Retained 
Earnings
Non-Controlling InterestTotal Stockholder's Equity
Balance, December 31, 2015$6
$5,687
$593
$1,876
$
$8,162
Return of capital to parent
(752)


(752)
Net income


282

282
Total other comprehensive income

129


129
Balance, December 31, 2016$6
$4,935
$722
$2,158
$
$7,821
Balance, December 31, 2014$6
$6,688
$1,221
$1,376
$
$9,291
Return of capital to parent
(1,001)


(1,001)
Net income


500

500
Total other comprehensive loss

(628)

(628)
Balance, December 31, 2015$6
$5,687
$593
$1,876
$
$8,162
Balance, December 31, 2013$6
$6,959
$574
$700
$
$8,239
Return of capital to parent
(271)


(271)
Net income


676
1
677
Change in non-controlling interest ownership    (1)(1)
Total other comprehensive income

647


647
Balance, December 31, 2014$6
$6,688
$1,221
$1,376
$
$9,291
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
(In millions)Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeRetained Earnings
Total
Equity
Balance, beginning of period$6
$1,761
$
$
$1,767
Net income


409
409
Total other comprehensive loss

(171)
(171)
Balance, end of period$6
$1,761
$(171)$409
$2,005
January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
(In millions)Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeRetained Earnings
Total
Equity
Balance, beginning of period$6
$3,539
$1,023
$2,112
$6,680
Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax

182
(182)
Adjusted balance, beginning of period6
3,539
1,205
1,930
6,680
Net income


94
94
Total other comprehensive loss

(447)
(447)
Capital contributions to parent
(619)

(619)
Capital contributions from parent
102


102
Balance, end of period$6
$3,022
$758
$2,024
$5,810
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
(In millions)Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeRetained Earnings
Total
Equity
Balance, beginning of period$6
$4,935
$722
$2,158
$7,821
Net loss


(46)(46)
Total other comprehensive income

301

301
Capital contributions to parent
(1,396)

(1,396)
Balance, end of period$6
$3,539
$1,023
$2,112
$6,680
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company)
(In millions)Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalAccumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeRetained Earnings
Total
Equity
Balance, beginning of period$6
$5,687
$593
$1,876
$8,162
Net income


282
282
Total other comprehensive income

129

129
Capital contributions to parent
(752)

(752)
Balance, end of period$6
$4,935
$722
$2,158
$7,821
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(In millions)20162015201420172016
Operating Activities    
Net income$282
$500
$677
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities 
Net income (loss)$409
$94
$(46)$282
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used for) provided by operating activities   
Net realized capital (gains) losses163
146
(577)(142)107
60
163
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs114
69
206
Additions to deferred policy acquisition costs(7)(7)(14)
Reinsurance gain on disposition
(28)(23)
Depreciation and amortization (accretion), net9
(14)6
Amortization of deferred reinsurance gain(38)


Amortization of DAC and VOBA98
16
48
114
Additions to DAC
(1)(2)(7)
Depreciation and (accretion) amortization31
(1)31
9
Other operating activities, net33
38
248
63
131
143
33
Change in assets and liabilities:    
Decrease (increase) in reinsurance recoverables117
(14)170
Increase (decrease) in accrued and deferred income taxes278
(62)302
Increase in reserve for future policy benefits and unearned premiums111
276
586
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance recoverables(990)(2)4
117
(Increase) decrease in accrued and deferred income taxes29
274
(5)278
Impact of tax reform on accrued and deferred income taxes

396

Increase (decrease) in reserve for future policy benefits and unearned premiums(503)45
387
111
Net changes in other assets and other liabilities(316)(222)(912)302
(60)(219)(316)
Net cash provided by operating activities784
682
669
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities(741)603
797
784
Investing Activities    
Proceeds from the sale/maturity/prepayment of:    
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale10,152
11,465
10,333
3,303
4,397
10,315
10,152
Fixed maturities, fair value option68
107
358
15
5
50
68
Equity securities, available-for-sale321
586
107


203
321
Equity securities, at fair value68
49


Mortgage loans371
467
377
101
116
396
371
Partnerships395
252
152
83
188
113
395
Payments for the purchase of:    
Fixed maturities and short-term investments, available-for-sale(8,889)(11,755)(7,385)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(3,024)(2,447)(8,713)(8,889)
Fixed maturities, fair value option(29)(67)(217)


(29)
Equity securities, available-for-sale(58)(535)(363)

(199)(58)
Equity securities, fair value option(10)(25)

Mortgage loans(263)(282)(146)(323)(86)(469)(263)
Partnerships(151)(199)(104)(97)(80)(235)(151)
Net payments for repurchase agreements program(22)


Net payments for derivatives(261)(167)(66)(303)(200)(283)(261)
Net increase (decrease) in policy loans2
(31)(14)18
(26)12
2
Net (payments for) proceeds from short-term investments(769)1,604
(556)
Net sales of (additions to) property and equipment
44
(18)
Net proceeds from (payments for) short-term investments1,770
(1,494)251
(769)
Other investing activities, net(25)1
34
1
22
43
(25)
Net cash provided by investing activities864
1,446
2,510
1,580
463
1,466
864
Financing Activities    
Deposits and other additions to investment and universal life-type contracts4,162
4,674
4,567
1,959
1,782
4,549
4,162
Withdrawals and other deductions from investment and universal life-type contracts(14,871)(16,972)(21,810)(10,173)(9,206)(13,749)(14,871)
Net transfers from separate accounts related to investment and universal life-type contracts9,811
10,987
14,167
7,360
6,999
7,969
9,811
Net increase in securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase268
264

Net increase (decrease) in securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase(11)(406)360
268
Return of capital to parent(752)(1,001)(275)
(517)(1,396)(752)
Net repayments at maturity or settlement of consumer notes(17)(33)(13)
(8)(13)(17)
Net cash used for financing activities(1,399)(2,081)(3,364)(865)(1,356)(2,280)(1,399)
Foreign exchange rate effect on cash

(3)
Net increase (decrease) in cash249
47
(188)(26)(290)(17)249
Cash — beginning of year305
258
446
Cash — end of year$554
$305
$258
Cash — beginning of period247
537
554
305
Cash — end of period$221
$247
$537
$554
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information    
Income tax refunds received/(payments)210
(80)187
Noncash return of capital

(4)
Income tax received$17
$271
$57
$210
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 7

Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)



1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company, formerly Hartford Life Insurance Company, (together with its subsidiaries, “HLIC”, “Company”, “we”"TL," "Company," "we" or “our”"our") is a provider of insurance and investment products in the United States (“("U.S.") and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HartfordTalcott Resolution Life, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("HLI"TLI"). The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (“The Hartford”Hopmeadow Holdings LP ("Hopmeadow Holdings", or "HHLP") is the ultimatea parent of the Company.
On June 30, 2014, HLI completed the sale of the issued and outstanding equity of Hartford Life Insurance KK, a Japanese company ("HLIKK"), to ORIX Life Insurance Corporation ("Buyer"), a subsidiary of ORIX Corporation, a Japanese company. Upon closing HLIKK recaptured certain risks reinsured to the Company and Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company ("HLAI"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, by terminating intercompany agreements. The Buyer is responsible for all liabilities related to the recaptured business. However, HLAI has continued to provide reinsurance for yen denominated fixed payout annuities. For further discussion of this transaction, see Note 11 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Effective April 1, 2014, the Company terminated its modified coinsurance ("modco") and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement with White River Life Reinsurance ("WRR"), following receipt of approval from the State of Connecticut Insurance Department ("CTDOI") and Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. On April 30, 2014 The Hartford dissolved WRR. For further discussion of this transaction, see Note 11 - Transactions with Affiliates of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Effective March 3, 2014, The Hartford made Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company ("HLA") the single nationwide underwriting company for its Group Benefits business by capitalizing HLA to support the Group Benefits business and separating it from the legal entities that support The Hartford's Talcott Resolution operating segment. On January 30, 2014, The Hartford received approval from the CTDOI for HLAI and the Company to dividend approximately $800 of cash and invested assets to HLA and this dividend was paid on February 27, 2014. All of the issued and outstanding equity of the Company was then distributed from HLA to HLI and the Company became a direct subsidiary of HLI.
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis ofin accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“("U.S. GAAP”GAAP"), which differ materially from the accounting practices prescribed by various insurance regulatory authorities.
On May 31, 2018 the Company's indirect parent, Hartford Holding, Inc. ("HHI") completed the sale of the Company's parent to a group of investors led by Cornell Capital LLC, Atlas Merchant Capital LLC, TRB Advisors LP, Global Atlantic Financial Group ("Global Atlantic"), Pine Brook and J. Safra Group. Although Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company is no longer affiliated with The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. ("The Hartford") or any of its subsidiaries, The Hartford retained a 9.7 percent ownership interest in HHLP ("Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction").
In conjunction with the sale, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with The Hartford to provide general ledger, cash management, investment accounting and information technology infrastructure services for a period of up to two years. These transition services are not considered a material change in internal controls as the controls are substantially similar to those that existed prior to the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction. The Company monitors and maintains oversight of the control environment provided by The Hartford covering these services and considers these controls in the evaluation of our internal control environment.
HHLP’s May 31, 2018 acquisition of TLI was accounted for by HHLP using business combination accounting. Under this method, the purchase price paid by the investor group was assigned to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date based on their fair value. The Company elected to apply pushdown accounting by applying the guidance permitted under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 805 Business Combinations. By the application of pushdown accounting, the Company’s assets, liabilities and equity were accordingly adjusted to fair value on May 31, 2018 which generated both intangible assets and Value of Business Acquired ("VOBA"). Determining the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. While we do not anticipate material changes to the initial valuation of assets and liabilities in purchase and pushdown accounting, new information related to acquisition date valuations may give rise to a measurement period adjustment. The measurement period is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date and as of December 31, 2018 no changes have been made to the initial valuation of assets and liabilities determined as part of the purchase and pushdown accounting. Due to the application of pushdown accounting, TL’s financial statements and footnote disclosures are presented in two distinct periods to indicate the application of two different bases of accounting. The periods prior to June 1, 2018 are identified herein as “Predecessor,” while the periods subsequent to HHLP’s acquisition of TLI is identified as “Successor.” As a result of the change in the basis of accounting from historical GAAP to reflect HHLP’s purchase cost, the financial statements for the Predecessor period are not comparable to the Successor periods.
On June 1, 2018, TL executed reinsurance agreements to reinsure certain fixed immediate and deferred annuity contracts, variable payout separate account annuity contracts, standard mortality structured settlements, and period certain structured settlement annuity contracts ("Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement") to Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company ("Commonwealth"), a subsidiary of Global Atlantic which is a member of the acquiring investment group. TL reinsured an 85% quota share, except 75% for standard mortality structured settlements, in exchange for a $357 ceding commission that was fixed based on reinsuring approximately $9.3 billion of reserves as of December 31, 2016, plus annuitizations through closing and annuitizations from market value adjusted annuities post-close. The reinsurance agreement was executed after the Talcott Acquisition Date and as such, the accounting for the agreement was recorded after the TL balance sheet was adjusted to fair value in purchase and pushdown accounting. A deferred gain of approximately $1 billion was recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to this reinsurance agreement and will be amortized over the life of the underlying policies reinsured.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of HLICTL and entities the Company directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest in which the Company is required to consolidate. Entities in which HLICTL has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but is not required to consolidate are reported using the equity method. All intercompany transactions and balances between HLICTL and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The most significant estimates include those used in determining estimated gross profits used in the valuation and amortization of assets (including VOBA) and liabilities associated with variable annuity and other universal life-type contracts; evaluation of other-than-temporary impairments on available-for-sale securities and valuation allowances on investments; living benefits required to be fair valued; valuation of investments and derivative instruments; valuation allowance on deferred tax assets; amortization of the deferred gain on reinsurance; and contingencies relating to corporate litigation and regulatory matters. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial information to conform to the current year presentation.
Pushdown Accounting (Successor Company)
AdoptionThe table below shows the main balance sheet line items impacted in pushdown accounting as of New Accounting Standardsthe date of the acquisition.
On January 1, 2016
Cash and invested assets$27,038
VOBA805
Deferred Income Taxes998
Intangible Assets55
Reinsurance recoverable and other assets22,615
Separate account assets110,773
Total assets162,284
  
Reserves for future policy benefits18,057
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable29,560
Other liabilities2,127
Separate account liabilities110,773
Total liabilities160,517
  
Equity1,767
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity$162,284
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over the Company adopted new consolidation guidance issued byestimated useful life of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). The updates revise whenasset. Amortizable intangible assets primarily consist of internally developed software amortized over a period not to consolidate variable interest entities ("VIEs")exceed five years. Intangible assets with indefinite lives, primarily insurance licenses, are not amortized but are reviewed annually in the Company's impairment analysis. They will be tested for impairment more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the fair value of the indefinitely lived intangibles is less than the carrying value.
Investments
In pushdown accounting, the acquired investments are recorded at fair value through adjustments to additional paid in capital at the acquisition date.
Value of Business Acquired/DAC/Additional Reserves
In conjunction with the acquisition of TLI, a portion of the purchase price was allocated to the right to receive future gross profits from cash flows and general partners’ investments in limited partnerships, endearnings of the deferral granted for applyingCompany's insurance and investment contracts as of the VIE guidance to certain investment companies,date of the transaction. This intangible asset is called VOBA and reduce the number of circumstances where a decision maker’s or service provider’s fee arrangement is deemed to be a variable interest in an entity. The updates also modify guidance for determining whether limited partnerships are VIEs or voting interest entities. The new guidance did not have a material effectbased on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.actuarially estimated present value of future cash flows from the Company's insurance and investment contracts in-force as of the date of the transaction. The estimated fair value calculation of VOBA is based on certain assumptions,

F- 8

Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Future including mortality, persistency, expenses, interest rates, and other factors that the Company expects to experience in future years. Actual experience on the acquired contracts may vary from these projections and the recovery of VOBA is dependent upon the future profitability of the related business. The Company amortizes VOBA over estimated gross profits and it is reviewed for recoverability quarterly. Consistent with the acquisition being recorded at fair value, deferred acquisition costs which do not represent future cash flows are eliminated in pushdown accounting. The fair value of certain acquired obligations of the Company exceeded the book value of assumed in-force policy liabilities resulting in additional reserve liabilities. In pushdown accounting these liabilities were increased to fair value, which is presented separately from VOBA as additional insurance liability in Reserves for future policy benefits and Other policyholder funds and benefits payable. The additional liability is amortized to income over the policy or other relevant time period.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Financial Instruments - Credit LossesReclassification of Effect of Tax Rate Change from AOCI to Retained Earnings
TheIn February 2018, the FASB issued updatednew accounting guidance for recognitionthe effect on deferred tax assets and measurement of credit lossesliabilities related to items recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") resulting from legislated tax reform enacted on financial instruments.December 22, 2017. The new guidance will replacetax reform reduced the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for recognizing credit losses for instruments carried at other than fair value, which will initially result in the recognition of greater allowances for losses. The allowance will be an estimate of credit losses expected over the life of debt instruments, such as mortgage loans, reinsurance recoverables and receivables. Credit losses on available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities carried at fair value will continue to be measured as other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) when incurred; however, the losses will be recognized through an allowance and no longer as an adjustmentfederal tax rate applied to the cost basis. RecoveriesCompany’s deferred tax balances from 35% to 21% on enactment. Under U.S. GAAP the Company recorded the total effect of OTTI will be recognized as reversals of valuation allowances and no longer accreted as investment income through an adjustment to the investment yield. The allowance on AFS securities cannot cause the net carrying value to be below fair value and, therefore, it is possible that increases in fair value due to decreases in market interest rates could cause the reversal of a valuation allowance and increase net income. The new guidance will also require purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since original issuance to be recorded based on contractual amounts due and an initial allowance recorded at the date of purchase. The guidance is effective January 1, 2020 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the change in enacted tax rates on deferred tax balances as a charge to income tax expense within net income, including the allowance for credit losses for debt instruments carriedchange in deferred tax balances related to components of AOCI. The new accounting guidance permitted the Company to reclassify the “stranded” tax effects out of AOCI and into retained earnings that resulted from recording the tax effects of unrealized investment gains at a 35% tax rate because the 14 point reduction in tax rate was recognized in net income instead of other than fair value. No allowance will be recognized at adoption for AFS debt securities; rather, their cost basis will be evaluated for an allowance for OTTI prospectively. Early adoption is permitted as ofcomprehensive income. On January 1, 2019. The2018, the Company has not yet determined(Predecessor Company) adopted the timing for adoption or estimated the effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Significant implementation matters yet to be addressed include estimating lifetime expected losses on debt instruments carried at other than fair value, determining the impactnew guidance and recorded a reclassification of valuation allowances on the effective interest method for recognizing interest income from AFS securities, updating our investment accounting system functionality to adjust valuation allowances based on changes in fair value$193 which increased AOCI and developing an implementation plan.

reduced retained earnings.
Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement
The FASB issuedOn January 1, 2018, the Company (Predecessor Company) adopted updated guidance issued by the FASB for the recognition and measurement of financial instruments.instruments through a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balances of retained earnings and AOCI. The new guidance will requirerequires investments in equity securities to be measured at fair value with any changes in valuation reported in net income except for those equity securitiesinvestments that result in consolidationare consolidated or are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The new guidance will also requirerequires a deferred tax asset resulting from net unrealized losses on available-for-sale fixed maturities that are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI")AOCI to be evaluated for recoverability in combination with the Company’s other deferred tax assets. Under existingprior guidance, the Company measures investments inreported equity securities, available-for-sale,available for sale ("AFS"), at fair value with changes in fair value reported in other comprehensive income. As required, the Company will adopt the guidance effectiveof January 1, 2018, through a cumulative effect adjustmentthe Company (Predecessor Company) reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings. Early adoption is not allowed. The impactearnings net unrealized gains of $11, after tax, related to equity securities having a fair value of $154. Beginning in 2018, the Company will be increased volatility in net income beginning in 2018. Any difference in the evaluation of deferred tax assets may also affect stockholder's equity. Cash flows will not be affected. The impact will depend on the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio in the future andreports equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value of the Company’s investments. As of December 31, 2016, equity securities available-for-sale totaled $152, with unrealized gains of $7 in AOCI, that would have been classified in retained earnings. Had the new accounting guidance been in place since the beginning of 2016, the Company would have recognized mark-to-market gains of $7 after-taxreported in net income for the year ended December 31, 2016.realized capital gains and losses.
Revenue Recognition
The FASB issuedOn January 1, 2018, the Company (Predecessor Company) adopted the FASB’s updated guidance for recognizing revenue. The guidancerevenue from contracts with customers, which excludes insurance contracts and financial instruments. Revenue issubject to bethe guidance is recognized when, or as, goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that an entity is expected to be entitledreceive in exchange for those goods or services, and this accountingservices. The updated guidance is similar to current accountingconsistent with previous guidance for many transactions. This guidance is effective retrospectively on January 1, 2018, with a choice of restating prior periods or recognizing a cumulative effect for contracts in place as of the adoption. Early adoption is permitted as of January 1, 2017. The Company will adopt on January 1, 2018Company’s transactions and hasdid not determined its method for adoption. The adoption is not expected to have a materialan effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.financial position, cash flows or net income.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are as follows:
Segment Information
Revenue from customers for other than insurance and investment contracts was $54 for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), $40 for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $58 and $63 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The Company has no reportable segmentsearns revenues from these contracts primarily for administrative and is comprised of the run-off operations ofdistribution services fees from offering certain fund families as investment options in its variable annuity institutional and private-placement life insurance businesses. The Company's determination that it has no reportable segments isproducts. Fees are primarily based on the factaverage daily net asset values of the funds and are recorded in the period in which the services are provided and collected monthly. Fluctuations in domestic and international markets and related investment performance, volume and mix of sales and redemptions of the funds, and other changes to the composition of assets under management are all factors that the Company's chief operating decision maker reviews the Company's financial performance atultimately have a consolidated level.direct effect on fee income earned.

F- 9

Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Hedging Activities
The FASB issued updated guidance on hedge accounting. The updates allow hedge accounting for new types of interest rate hedges of financial instruments and simplify documentation requirements to qualify for hedge accounting. In addition, any gain or loss from hedge ineffectiveness will be reported in the same income statement line with the effective hedge results and the hedged transaction. For cash flow hedges, the ineffectiveness will be recognized in earnings only when the hedged transaction affects earnings; otherwise, the ineffectiveness gains or losses will remain in AOCI. Under current accounting, total hedge ineffectiveness is reported separately in realized gains and losses apart from the hedged transaction. The updated guidance is effective January 1, 2019 through a cumulative effect adjustment that will reclassify cumulative ineffectiveness on open cash flow hedges from retained earnings to AOCI. As a result of pushdown accounting, derivative instruments that qualified for hedge accounting were recorded at fair value through adjustments to additional paid in capital at the acquisition date. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company has no derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, therefore there will be no impact on the Company's financial statements upon adoption.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016 the FASB issued updated guidance for recognition and measurement of credit losses on certain financial instruments, including reinsurance recoverables. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This guidance will replace the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for recognizing credit losses for instruments carried at other than fair value, which will initially result in the recognition of greater allowances for losses. The allowance will be an estimate of credit losses expected over the life of financial instruments, such as mortgage loans, reinsurance recoverables and receivables. The measurement of the expected credit loss estimate will be based on historical loss data, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale carried at fair value will continue to be measured like other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI"); however, the losses will be recognized through an allowance and no longer as an adjustment to the cost basis. Recoveries of OTTI will be recognized as reversals of valuation allowances recognized through net realized capital gains and losses and no longer accreted as net investment income through an adjustment to the investment yield. The Company expects to adopt the updated guidance January 1, 2020 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the change in the allowance for credit losses for financial instruments carried at other than fair value. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect on its consolidated financial statements and the ultimate impact of the adoption will depend on the composition of the financial instruments and market conditions at the adoption date. Significant implementation matters yet to be addressed include estimating lifetime expected losses on financial instruments carried at other than fair value including reinsurance recoverables, determining the impact of valuation allowances on net investment income from fixed maturities AFS, updating our investment accounting system functionality to maintain adjustable valuation allowance on fixed maturities, AFS, and developing a detailed implementation plan.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
On August 28, 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 which removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. The amendments in this guidance are effective January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of the guidance. Further, entities are permitted to delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company has not yet determined the timing of its adoption and is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-13 on its financial statements.
Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts
The FASB issued ASU 2018-12 on August 15, 2018 which impacts the existing recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for certain long duration contracts issued by an insurance company. The guidance is intended to improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits by requiring annual or more frequent updates of insurance assumptions and modifying the rate used to discount future cash flows. Cash flows under the new guidance are required to be discounted using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield. The discount rate is required to be updated at each reporting date, with the effect of discount rate changes on the liability recorded in OCI. This is a change from current GAAP which utilizes assumptions, including discount rate, "locked in" at policy issuance and until such time as significant changes in experience or assumptions may require the Company to establish premium deficiency reserves. When this occurs, premium deficiency reserves are recognized by unlocking reserve assumptions to eliminate a reserve deficiency under current GAAP.
Further, the guidance seeks to improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with account balance contracts and improve the effectiveness of the required disclosures. These market risk benefit features are required to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in net income with the exception of changes in the fair value attributable to a change in the instrument's credit risk, which are required to be recognized in OCI.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


This ASU is effective January 1, 2021 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the anticipated impacts of applying ASU 2018-12 on its financial statements. While this guidance represents a material change from existing GAAP it does not change the underlying economics of the business or its related cash flows. The Company has not yet determined the timing of its adoption.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are as follows:
Segment Information
The Company has one reportable segment and is comprised of the run-off operations of annuity, institutional and private-placement life insurance businesses. The Company's determination that it has one reportable segment is based on the fact that the Company's chief operating decision maker reviews the Company's financial performance at a consolidated level.
Revenue Recognition
For investment and universal life-type contracts, the amounts collected from policyholders are considered deposits and are not included in revenue. Fee income for variable annuity and other universal life-type contracts consists of policy charges for policy administration, cost of insurance charges and surrender charges assessed against policyholders’ account balances and are recognized in the period in which services are provided. For the Company’s traditional life products, premiums are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred taxes for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A deferred tax provision is recorded for the tax effects of differences between the Company's current taxable income and its income before tax under generally accepted accounting principles in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance that is adequate to reduce the total deferred tax asset to an amount that will more likely than not be realized.
The Company is included in The Hartford’s consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return. The Company and The Hartford have entered into a tax sharing agreement under which each member in the consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return will make payments between them such that, with respect to any period, the amount of taxes to be paid by the Company, subject to certain tax adjustments, is consistent with the “parent down” approach. Under this approach, the Company’s deferred tax assets and tax attributes are considered realized by it so long as the group is able to recognize (or currently use) the related deferred tax asset or attribute. Thus the need for a valuation allowance is determined at the consolidated return level rather than at the level of the individual entities comprising the consolidated group.
Dividends to Policyholders
Policyholder dividends are paid to certain life insurance policyholders. Policies that receive dividends are referred to as participating policies. Participating dividends to policyholders are accrued and reported in other liabilities using an estimate of the amount to be paid based on underlying contractual obligations under policies and applicable state laws.
There were no additional amounts of income allocated to participating policyholders. If limitations exist on the amount of net income from participating life insurance contracts that may be distributed to stockholders, the policyholder’s share of net income on those contracts that cannot be distributed is excluded from stockholder's equity by a charge to operations and an increase to a liability.
Investments
Overview
The Company’s investments in fixed maturities include bonds, structured securities, redeemable preferred stock and commercial paper. Most of these investments along with certain equity securities, which include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, are classified as available-for-sale ("AFS") and are carried at fair value. The after-tax difference between fair value and cost or amortized cost is reflected in stockholders’ equity as a component of AOCI, after adjustments for the effect of deducting certain life and annuity deferred policy acquisition costs (Predecessor Company), VOBA (Successor Company), and reserve adjustments. Also included in equity securities, AFS are certain equity securities for which the Company elected the fair value option. TheseEffective January 1, 2018, equity securities are carriednow measured at fair value with any changes in value recordedvaluation reported in realized capital gainsnet income. For further information, see Financial Instruments - Recognition and losses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.Measurement discussion above. Fixed maturities for which the Company elected the fair value option are classified as FVO, generally certain securities that contain embedded credit derivatives, and are carried at fair value with changes in value recorded in realized capital gains and losses. Policy loans are carried at outstanding balance. Mortgage loans are recorded at the outstanding principal balance adjusted for amortization of premiums or discounts and net of valuation allowances. Short-term investments are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Limited partnerships and other alternative investments are reported at their carrying value and are primarily accounted for under the equity method with the Company’s share of earnings included in net investment income. Recognition of income related to limited partnerships and other alternative investments is delayed due to the availability of the related financial information, as private equity and other funds are generally on a three-month delay and hedge funds on a one-month delay. Accordingly, income for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 2015, and 2014(Predecessor Company) may not include the full impact of current year changes in valuation of the underlying assets and liabilities of the funds, which are generally obtained from the limited partnerships and other alternative investments’ general partners. In addition, for investments in a hedge fund of funds which was liquidated during 2016, the Company recognizes changes in the fair value of the underlying funds in net investment income, which is consistent with accounting requirements for investment companies. Other investments primarily consist of derivative instruments which are carried at fair value.

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HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Net Realized Capital Gains and Losses
Net realized capital gains and losses from investment sales are reported as a component of revenues and are determined on a specific identification basis. Net realized capital gains and losses also result from fair value changes in fixed maturities, andFVO, equity securities, FVO, and derivatives contracts (both free-standing and embedded) that do not qualify, or are not designated, as a hedge for accounting purposes, as well as ineffectiveness on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting treatment, and the change in value of certain fair-value hedging instruments and their associated hedged item. Impairments and mortgage loan valuation allowances are recognized as net realized capital losses in accordance with the Company’s impairment and mortgage loan valuation allowance policies as discussed in Note 3 - Investments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Foreign currency transaction remeasurements are also included in net realized capital gains and losses.
Net Investment Income
Interest income from fixed maturities and mortgage loans is recognized when earned on the constant effective yield method based on estimated timing of cash flows. The amortization of premium and accretion of discount for fixed maturities also takes into consideration call and maturity dates that produce the lowest yield. For securitized financial assets subject to prepayment risk, yields are recalculated and adjusted periodically to reflect historical and/or estimated future repaymentsprepayments using the retrospective method; however, if these investments are impaired and for certain other asset-backed securities, any yield adjustments are made using the prospective method. Prepayment fees and make-whole payments on fixed maturities and mortgage loans are recorded in net investment income when earned. For equity securities, dividends are recognized as investment income on the ex-dividend date. Limited partnerships and other alternative investments primarily use the equity method of accounting to recognize the Company’s share of earnings; however, for a portion of those investments, the Company usesused investment fund accounting applied to a wholly-owned fund of funds which was liquidated during 2016. 2016. For impaired debt securities, the Company accretes the new cost basis to the estimated future cash flows over the expected remaining life of the security by prospectively adjusting the security’s yield, if necessary. The Company’s non-income producing investments were not material for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014.(Predecessor Company).
Derivative Instruments
Overview
The Company utilizes a variety of over-the-counter ("OTC"), transactions cleared through central clearing houses ("OTC-cleared"), and exchange-tradedexchange traded derivative instruments as part of its overall risk management strategy as well as to enter into replication transactions.transactions. The types of instruments may include swaps, caps, floors, forwards, futures and options to achieve one of four Company-approved objectives:
to hedge risk arising from interest rate, equity market, commodity market, credit spread and issuer default, price or currency exchange rate risk or volatility;
to manage liquidity;
to control transaction costs;
to enter into synthetic replication transactions.
Interest rate volatility, dividend,and credit default and index swaps involve the periodic exchange of cash flows with other parties, at specified intervals, calculated using agreed upon rates or other financial variables and notional principal amounts. Generally, little to no cash or principal payments are exchanged at the inception of the contract. Typically, at the time a swap is entered into, the cash flow streams exchanged by the counterparties are equal in value.
Interest rate cap and floor contracts entitle the purchaser to receive from the issuer at specified dates, the amount, if any, by which a specified market rate exceeds the cap strike interest rate or falls below the floor strike interest rate, applied to a notional principal amount. A premium payment determined at inception is made by the purchaser of the contract at its inception and no principal payments are exchanged.
Forward contracts are customized commitments that specify a rate of interest or currency exchange rate to be paid or received on an obligation beginning on a future start date and are typically settled in cash.
Financial futures are standardized commitments to either purchase or sell designated financial instruments, at a future date, for a specified price and may be settled in cash or through delivery of the underlying instrument. Futures contracts trade on organized exchanges. Margin requirements for futures are met by pledging securities or cash, and changes in the futures’ contract values are settled daily in cash.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Option contracts grant the purchaser, for a premium payment, the right to either purchase from or sell to the issuer a financial instrument at a specified price, within a specified period or on a stated date. The contracts may reference commodities, which grant the purchaser the right to either purchase from or sell to the issuer commodities at a specified price, within a specified period or on a stated date. Option contracts are typically settled in cash.

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HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Foreign currency swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange rate. There may also be a periodic exchange of payments at specified intervals calculated using the agreed upon rates and exchanged principal amounts.
The Company’s derivative transactions conducted in insurance company subsidiaries are used in strategies permitted under the derivative use plans required by the State of Connecticut and the State of New York insurance departments.
Accounting and Financial Statement Presentation of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and are reported in Other Investments and Other Liabilities. For balance sheet presentation purposes, the Company has elected to offset the fair value amounts, income accruals, and related cash collateral receivables and payables of OTC derivative instruments executed in a legal entity and with the same counterparty or under a master netting agreement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset.
The Company also clears certain interest rate swap and certain credit default swap derivative transactions through central clearing houses. OTC-cleared derivatives require initial collateral at the inception of the trade in the form of cash or highly liquid securities, such as U.S. Treasuries and government agency investments. Central clearing houses also require additional cash as variation margin based on daily market value movements. For information on collateral, see the derivative collateral arrangements section in Note 4 - Derivative Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, OTC-cleared transactions include price alignment interestamounts either received or paid on the variation margin, which isare reflected in realized capital gains and losses or, if characterized as interest, in net investment income. The Company has also elected to offset the fair value amounts, income accruals and related cash collateral receivables and payables of OTC-cleared derivative instruments based on clearing house agreements.
On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (“("fair value”value" hedge), (2) a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction or of amounts to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“("cash flow”flow" hedge), (3) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation (“("net investment”investment" hedge) or (4) held for other investment and/or risk management purposes, which primarily involve managing asset or liability related risks and do not qualify for hedge accounting.

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HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Fair Value Hedges - Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, including foreign-currency fair value hedges, along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses with any differences between the net change in fair value of the derivative and the hedged item representing the hedge ineffectiveness. Periodic cash flows and accruals of income/expense (“("periodic derivative net coupon settlements”settlements") are recorded in the line item of the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
Cash Flow Hedges- Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge, including foreign-currency cash flow hedges, are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings when the variability of the cash flow of the hedged item impacts earnings. Gains and losses on derivative contracts that are reclassified from AOCI to current period earnings are included in the line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses. Periodic derivative net coupon settlements are recorded in the line item of the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the cash flows of the hedged item are recorded.
Net Investment in a Foreign Operation Hedges - Changes in fair value of a derivative used as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, to the extent effective as a hedge, Cash flows from cash flow hedges are recordedpresented in the foreign currency translation adjustments account within AOCI. Cumulative changes in fair value recorded in AOCI are reclassified into earnings upon the sale or complete, or substantially complete, liquidation of the foreign entity. Any hedge ineffectiveness is recorded immediately in current period earningssame category as net realized capital gains and losses. Periodic derivative net coupon settlements are recorded in the line item of the Consolidated Statements of Operations in which the cash flows from the items being hedged in the Consolidated Statement of the hedged item are recorded.Cash Flows.
Other Investment and/or Risk Management Activities - The Company’s other investment and/or risk management activities primarily relate to strategies used to reduce economic risk or replicate permitted investments and do not receive hedge accounting treatment. Changes in the fair value, including periodic derivative net coupon settlements, of derivative instruments held for other investment and/or risk management purposes are reported in current period earnings as net realized capital gains and losses.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Hedge Documentation and Effectiveness Testing
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated changes in fair value or cash flow of the hedged item. At hedge inception, the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. The documentation process includes linking derivatives that are designated as fair value, cash flow, or net investment hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific forecasted transactions and defining the effectiveness and ineffectiveness testing methods to be used. The Company also formally assesses both at the hedge’s inception and ongoing on a quarterly basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been and are expected to continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values, cash flows or net investment in foreign operations of hedged items. Hedge effectiveness is assessed primarily using quantitative methods as well as using qualitative methods. Quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the hedge relationship. Qualitative methods may include comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item. Hedge ineffectiveness of the hedge relationships are measured each reporting period using the “Change"Change in Variable Cash Flows Method”Method", the “Change"Change in Fair Value Method”Method", the “Hypothetical"Hypothetical Derivative Method”Method", or the “Dollar"Dollar Offset Method”Method".
Discontinuance of Hedge Accounting
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it is determined that the qualifying criteria are no longer met; (2)the derivative is no longer designated as a hedging instrument; or (3) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value hedge, the derivative continues to be carried at fair value on the balance sheet with changes in its fair value recognized in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk is no longer adjusted through current period earnings and the existing basis adjustment is amortized to earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item through the applicable earnings component associated with the hedged item.
When cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued because the Company becomes aware that it is not probable that the forecasted transaction will occur, the derivative continues to be carried on the balance sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in AOCI are recognized immediately in earnings.
In other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, including those where the derivative is sold, terminated or exercised, amounts previously deferred in AOCI are reclassified into earnings when earnings are impacted by the hedged item.

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HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Embedded Derivatives
The Company purchases investments and has previously issued financial instruments and products that contain embedded derivative instruments. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and (2) a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host for measurement purposes. The embedded derivative, which is reported with the host instrument in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is defined as the risk of financial loss due to uncertainty of an obligor’s or counterparty’s ability or willingness to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed upon terms. Credit exposures are measured using the market value of the derivatives, resulting in amounts owed to the Company by its counterparties or potential payment obligations from the Company to its counterparties. The Company generally requires that OTC derivative contracts, other than certain forward contracts, be governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association ("ISDA") agreements which are structured by legal entity and by counterparty, and permit right of offset. TheseSome agreements require daily collateral settlement based upon agreed upon thresholds. For purposes of daily derivative collateral maintenance, credit exposures are generally quantified based on the prior business day’s market value and collateral is pledged to and held by, or on behalf of, the Company to the extent the current value of the derivatives exceed the contractual thresholds. For the Company’s domestic derivative programs, the maximum uncollateralized threshold for a derivative counterparty for a single legal entity is $10. The Company also minimizes the credit risk of derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties primarily rated A or better, which are monitored and evaluated by the Company’s risk management team and reviewed by senior management. OTC-cleared derivatives are governed by clearing house rules. Transactions cleared through a central clearing house reduce risk due to their ability to require daily variation margin and act as an independent valuation source. In addition, the Company monitors counterparty credit exposure on a monthly basis to ensure compliance with Company policies and statutory limitations.
Cash
Cash represents cash on hand and demand deposits with banks or other financial institutions.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Reinsurance
The Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in order to limit its maximum losses and to diversify its exposures and provide statutory surplus relief. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company also assumes reinsurance from other insurers.
Reinsurance accounting is followed for ceded and assumed transactions that provide indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk (i.e., risk transfer). To meet risk transfer requirements, a reinsurance agreement must include insurance risk, consisting of underwriting, investment, and timing risk, and a reasonable possibility of a significant loss to the reinsurer. If the ceded and assumed transactions do not meet risk transfer requirements, the Company accounts for these transactions as financing transactions.
Premiums, benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses reflect the net effects of ceded and assumed reinsurance transactions. Included in other assets are prepaid reinsurance premiums, which represent the portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers applicable to the unexpired terms of the reinsurance agreements. Included in reinsurance recoverables are balances due from reinsurance companies for paid and unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and are presented net of any necessary allowance for uncollectible reinsurance.
The Company reinsures certain of its risks to other reinsurers under yearly renewable term, coinsurance, and modified coinsurance arrangements, and variations thereof. The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying policies.
The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and concentrations of credit risk. Reinsurance is placed with reinsurers that meet strict financial criteria established by the Company.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Predecessor Company)/Value of Business Acquired (Successor Company)
Deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") represent costs that are directly related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts and incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in transactions with either independent third parties or employees. Such costs primarily include commissions, premium taxes, costs of policy issuance and underwriting, and certain other expenses that are directly related to successfully issued contracts. As a result of the acquisition of TLI being recorded at fair value, DAC which does not represent future cash flows, was eliminated in pushdown accounting.

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HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basisbusiness acquired ("VOBA") represents the estimated value assigned to the right to receive future gross profits from cash flows and earnings of Presentationacquired insurance and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


investment contracts as of the date of the transaction. It is based on the actuarially estimated present value of future cash flows from the acquired insurance and investment contracts in-force as of the date of the transaction. The estimated fair value calculation of VOBA is based on certain assumptions, including mortality, persistency, expenses, interest rates, and other factors that the Company expects to experience in future years. Actual experience on the acquired contracts may vary from these projections and the recovery of VOBA is dependent upon the future profitability of the related business. The Company amortizes VOBA over estimated gross profits and it is reviewed for recoverability quarterly.
For life insurance products, the DAC asset related to most universal life-type contracts (including variable annuities), the VOBA asset is amortized over the estimated life of the contracts acquired in proportion to the present value of estimated gross profits ("EGPs"). EGPs areThe Company also used to amortize other assets and liabilities inuses the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, such as sales inducement assets (“SIA”). Components ofpresent value EGPs are also used to determine reserves for universal life type contracts (including variable annuities) with death or other insurance benefits such as guaranteed minimum death, life-contingent guaranteed minimum withdrawal and universal life insurance secondary guarantee benefits. These benefits are accounted for and collectively referred to as death and other insurance benefit reserves and are held in addition to the account value liability representing policyholder funds.
For most life insurance product contracts, including variable annuities, the Company estimates gross profits over 20 years as EGPs emerging subsequent to that time frame are immaterial. Products sold in a particular year are aggregated into cohorts. Future gross profits for each cohort are projected over the estimated lives of the underlying contracts, based on future account value projections for variable annuity and variable universal life products. The projection of future account values requires the use of certain assumptions including: separate account returns; separate account fund mix; fees assessed against the contract holder’s account balance; full surrender and partial withdrawalsurrender rates; interest margin;credited; mortality; and the extentannuitization rates. Changes in these assumptions and duration of hedging activitieschanges to other assumptions such as expenses and hedging costs.costs cause EGPs to fluctuate, which impacts earnings.
The Company determines EGPs fromusing a single deterministicset of stochastic reversion to mean ("RTM") separate account return projectionprojections which is an estimation technique commonly used by insurance entities to project future separate account returns. Through this estimation technique, the Company’s DACVOBA model is adjusted to reflect actual account valuesmarket returns at the end of each quarter. Through a consideration of recent market returns, the Company will unlock ("Unlock"), or adjust, projected returns over a future period so that the account value returns to the long-term expected rate of return, providing that those projected returns do not exceed certain caps. This Unlock for future separate account returns is determined each quarter.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


In the fourth quarter of 2016,2018, the Company completed a comprehensive policyholder behavior assumption study which resulted in a non-market related after-tax charge and incorporated the results of that study into its projection of future gross profits. Additionally, throughout the year, the Company evaluates various aspects of policyholder behavior and will revise its policyholder assumptions if credible emerging data indicates that changes are warranted. The Company will continue to evaluate its assumptions related to policyholder behavior as initiatives to reduce the size of the variable annuity business are implemented by management. Upon completion of an annual assumption study or evaluation of credible new information, the Company will revise its assumptions to reflect its current best estimate. These assumption revisions will change the projected account values and the related EGPs in the DACVOBA models, as well as EGPs used in the death and other insurance benefit reserving models.
All assumption changes that affect the estimate of future EGPs including the update of current account values, the use of the RTM estimation technique, and policyholder behavior assumptions are considered an Unlock in the period of revision. An Unlock adjusts the DAC and(predecessor), VOBA (successor), death and other insurance benefit reserve balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with an offsetting benefit or charge in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of the revision. An Unlock revises EGPs to reflect the Company's current best estimate assumptions. The Company also tests the aggregate recoverability of DAC (predecessor) and VOBA (successor) by comparing the existing DAC balance to the present value of future EGPs. An Unlock that results in an after-tax benefit generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being favorable compared to previous estimates. An Unlock that results in an after-tax charge generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations of product profitability being unfavorable compared to previous estimates.
Policyholders or their beneficiaries may exchange contracts or make modifications to existing contracts. If the new contract or the modification results in a substantially changed replacement contract, DAC is established for the new contract and the existing DACVOBA is written off through income. If the new or modified contract is not substantially changed, the existing DACVOBA continues to be amortized and incremental costs are expensed in the period incurred.  Additions to coverage or benefits that are underwritten separately are considered non-integrated features for which DAC is established if additional acquisition costs are incurred.  Reductions to coverage or benefits that have a commensurate reduction in price are treated as partial terminations and DAC is reduced through a charge to income.
Reserve for Future Policy Benefits
Reserve for Future Policy Benefits on Universal Life-type Contracts
Certain contracts classified as universal life-type include death and other insurance benefit features including guaranteed minimum death benefit ("GMDB"), guaranteed minimum income benefit ("GMIB"), and the life-contingent portion of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit ("GMWB") riders offered with variable annuity contracts, as well as secondary guarantee benefits offered with universal life insurance contracts. Universal life insurance secondary guarantee benefits ensure that the policy will not terminate, and will continue to provide a death benefit, even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. GMDB riders on variable annuities provide a death benefit during the accumulation phase that is generally equal to the greater of (a) the contract value at death or (b) premium payments less any prior withdrawals and may include adjustments that increase the benefit, such as for maximum anniversary value (MAV)("MAV"). For the Company's products with life-contingent GMWB riders, the withdrawal benefit can exceed the guaranteed remaining balance ("GRB"), which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. In addition to recording an account value liability that

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HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


represents policyholder funds, the Company records a death and other insurance benefit liability for GMDBs, GMIBs, the life-contingent portion of GMWBs and the universal life insurance secondary guarantees. This death and other insurance benefit liability is reported in reserve for future policy benefits in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the death and other insurance benefit reserves are recorded in benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The death and other insurance benefit liability is determined by estimating the expected present value of the benefits in excess of the policyholder’s expected account value in proportion to the present value of total expected assessments and investment margin. Total expected assessments are the aggregate of all contract charges, including those for administration, mortality, expense, and surrender. The liability is accrued as actual assessments are earned. The expected present value of benefits and assessments are generally derived from a set of stochastic scenarios that have been calibrated to our RTM separate account returns and assumptions including market rates of return, volatility, discount rates, lapse rates and mortality experience. Consistent with the Company’s policy on the Unlock, the Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the liability, with a related charge or credit to benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses. For further information on the Unlock, see the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Predecessor Company)/Value of Business Acquired (Successor Company) accounting policy section within this footnote.
The Company reinsures a portion of its in-force GMDB, GMWB, and all of its universal life insurance secondary guarantees. Net reinsurance costs are recognized ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)


Reserve for Future Policy Benefits on Traditional Annuity and Other Contracts
Traditional annuities recorded within the reserve for future policy benefits primarily include life-contingent contracts in the payout phase such as structured settlements and terminal funding agreements. Other contracts within the reserve for policyholder benefits include whole life and guaranteed term life insurance contracts. The reserve for future policy benefits is calculated using standard actuarial methods asconsidering the present value of future benefits and related expenses to be paid less the present value of the portion of future premiums required using assumptions “locked in” at the time the policies were issued, including discount rate, withdrawal, mortality and expense assumptions deemed appropriate at the issue date. Future policy benefits are computed at amounts that, with additions from any estimated premiums to be received and with interest on such reserves compounded annually at assumed rates, are expected to be sufficient to meet the Company’s policy obligations at their maturities or in the event of an insured’s death. While assumptions are locked in upon issuance of new contracts and annuitizations of existing contracts, significant changes in experience or assumptions may require the Company to establish premium deficiency reserves. Premium deficiency reserves, if any, are established based on current assumptions without considering a provision for adverse deviation. Changes in or deviations from the assumptions used can significantly affect the Company’s reserve levels and results from operations.
The Company uses reinsurance for a portion of its fixed and payout annuity businesses.
Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable primarily include the non-variable account values associated with variable annuity and other universal life-type contracts, investment contracts, the non-life contingent portion of GMWBs that are accounted for as embedded derivatives at fair value as well as other policyholder account balances associated with our life insurance businesses. Investment contracts are non-life contingent and include institutional and governmental deposits, structured settlements and fixed annuities. The liability for investment contracts is equal to the balance that accrues to the benefit of the contract holder as of the financial statement date, which includes the accumulation of deposits plus credited interest, less withdrawals, payments and assessments through the financial statement date. For discussion of fair value of GMWBs that represent embedded derivatives, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Separate Account Liabilities
The Company records the variable account value portion of variable annuities, variable life insurance products and institutional and governmental investment contracts within separate accounts. Separate account assets are reported at fair value and separate account liabilities are reported at amounts consistent with separate account assets. Investment income and gains and losses from those separate account assets accrue directly to the policyholder, who assumes the related investment risk, and are offset by change in the related liability. Changes in the value of separate account assets and separate account liabilities are reported in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company earns fee income for investment management, certain administrative services and mortality and expense risks.
Foreign Currency
Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reflected in stockholder's equity as a component of AOCI. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries’ balance sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each year end and income statement accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The national currencies of the international operations are generally their functional currencies. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign currency transactions are reflected in earnings in realized capital gains (losses) in the period in which they occur.

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements


The Company carries certain financial assets and liabilities at estimated fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. Our fair value framework includes a hierarchy that gives the highest priority to the use of quoted prices in active markets, followed by the use of market observable inputs, followed by the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy levels are as follows:
Level 1Fair values based primarily on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets, or liabilities, in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2Fair values primarily based on observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, or based on prices for similar assets and liabilities.
Level 3Fair values derived when one or more of the significant inputs are unobservable (including assumptions about risk). With little or no observable market, the determination of fair values uses considerable judgment and represents the Company’s best estimate of an amount that could be realized in a market exchange for the asset or liability. Also included are securities that are traded within illiquid markets and/or priced by independent brokers.
The Company will classify the financial asset or liability by level based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the determination of the fair value. In most cases, both observable inputs (e.g., changes in interest rates) and unobservable inputs (e.g., changes in risk assumptions) are used to determine fair values that the Company has classified within Level 3.


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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2016
Successor CompanySuccessor Company
Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2018Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2018
TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis  
Fixed maturities, AFS  
Asset backed securities ("ABS")$993
$
$956
$37
$516
$
$514
$2
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs")940

680
260
Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs")963

886
77
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS")2,146

2,125
21
1,407

1,366
41
Corporate14,693

14,127
566
7,678

7,351
327
Foreign government/government agencies345

328
17
377

377

Municipal1,189

1,117
72
Bonds of municipalities and political subdivisions ("municipal bonds")734

734

Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS")1,760

1,049
711
1,033

590
443
U.S. Treasuries1,753
230
1,523

1,131
322
809

Total fixed maturities23,819
230
21,905
1,684
13,839
322
12,627
890
Fixed maturities, FVO82

82

12

12

Equity securities, trading [1]11
11


Equity securities, AFS152
20
88
44
Equity securities, at fair value116
54
16
46
Derivative assets  
Credit derivatives(1)
(1)
Foreign exchange derivatives4

4

Interest rate derivatives30

30

36

36

GMWB hedging instruments74

14
60
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit ("GMWB") hedging instruments44

8
36
Macro hedge program128

8
120
132


132
Total derivative assets [2]235

55
180
212

44
168
Short-term investments1,349
637
712

844
464
380

Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB73


73
40


40
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts68

68

12

12

Separate account assets [3]111,634
71,606
38,856
201
94,724
59,361
35,323
40
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis$137,423
$72,504
$61,766
$2,182
$109,799
$60,201
$48,414
$1,184
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis  
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable  
GMWB embedded derivative$(241)$
$
$(241)$(80)$
$
$(80)
Equity linked notes(33)

(33)
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(274)

(274)(80)

(80)
Derivative liabilities  
Credit derivatives1

1

2

2

Equity derivatives33

33

Foreign exchange derivatives(247)
(247)
(91)
(91)
Interest rate derivatives(434)
(404)(30)(137)
(110)(27)
GMWB hedging instruments20

(1)21
27

18
9
Macro hedge program50

3
47
115


115
Total derivative liabilities [4](577)
(615)38
(84)
(181)97
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis$(851)$
$(615)$(236)$(164)$
$(181)$17

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2015
Predecessor CompanyPredecessor Company
Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2017Assets and (Liabilities) Carried at Fair Value by Hierarchy Level as of December 31, 2017
TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis  
Fixed maturities, AFS  
ABS$846
$
$841
$5
CDOs1,408

1,078
330
CMBS1,964

1,902
62
Asset backed securities ("ABS")$819
$
$806
$13
Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs")888

815
73
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS")2,084

2,058
26
Corporate15,175

14,641
534
14,038

13,595
443
Foreign government/government agencies331

314
17
407

406
1
Municipal1,132

1,083
49
RMBS1,503

875
628
Bonds of municipalities and political subdivisions ("municipal bonds")1,266

1,228
38
Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS")1,427

735
692
U.S. Treasuries2,298
123
2,175

1,870
284
1,586

Total fixed maturities24,657
123
22,909
1,625
22,799
284
21,229
1,286
Fixed maturities, FVO165
1
162
2
32

32

Equity securities, trading [1]11
11


12
12


Equity securities, AFS459
396
25
38
154
61
47
46
Derivative assets  
Credit derivatives7

7

1

1

Equity derivatives



Foreign exchange derivatives4

4

(1)
(1)
Interest rate derivatives54

54

47

47

GMWB hedging instruments111

27
84
69

35
34
Macro hedge program74


74
19


19
Total derivative assets [2]250

92
158
135

82
53
Short-term investments572
131
441

1,094
807
287

Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB83


83
36


36
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts79

79

55

55

Separate account assets [3]118,163
78,099
38,700
140
113,302
73,538
38,677
185
Total assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis$144,439
$78,761
$62,408
$2,046
$137,619
$74,702
$60,409
$1,606
Liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis  
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable  
GMWB embedded derivative$(262)$
$
$(262)$(75)$
$
$(75)
Equity linked notes(26)

(26)
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(288)

(288)(75)

(75)
Derivative liabilities  
Credit derivatives(7)
(7)
Equity derivatives41

41

Foreign exchange derivatives(376)
(376)
(187)
(187)
Interest rate derivatives(431)
(402)(29)(403)
(374)(29)
GMWB hedging instruments47

(4)51
(2)
(2)
Macro hedge program73


73
4


4
Total derivative liabilities [4](653)
(748)95
(588)
(563)(25)
Total liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis$(941)$
$(748)$(193)$(663)$
$(563)$(100)
[1]Included in other investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[2]Includes OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments in a net positive fair value position after consideration of the accrued interest and impact of collateral posting requirements which may be imposed by agreements clearing house rules, and applicable law. See footnote 4 to this table for derivative liabilities.
[3]Approximately $4.0$3.6 billion and $1.8$2.5 billion of investment sales receivable, as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively, are excluded from this disclosure requirement because they are trade receivables in the ordinary course of business where the carrying amount approximates fair value. Included in the total fair value amount are $1.0 billion$468 and $1.2 billion$902 of investments, as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company), respectively, for which the fair value is estimated using the net asset value per unit as a practical expedient which are excluded from the disclosure requirement to classify amounts in the fair value hierarchy.
[4]Includes OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments in a net negative fair value position (derivative liability) after consideration of the accrued interest and impact of collateral posting requirements which may be imposed by agreements clearing house rules and applicable law.


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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Fixed Maturities, Equity Securities, Short-term Investments and Free-standing Derivatives
Valuation Techniques
The Company generally determines fair values using valuation techniques that use prices, rates, and other relevant information evident from market transactions involving identical or similar instruments. Valuation techniques also include, where appropriate, estimates of future cash flows that are converted into a single discounted amount using current market expectations. The Company uses a "waterfall" approach comprised of the following pricing sources and techniques, which are listed in priority order:
Quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, which are classified as Level 1.
Prices from third-party pricing services, which primarily utilize a combination of techniques. These services utilize recently reported trades of identical, similar, or benchmark securities making adjustments for market observable inputs available through the reporting date. If there are no recently reported trades, they may use a discounted cash flow technique to develop a price using expected cash flows based upon the anticipated future performance of the underlying collateral discounted at an estimated market rate. Both techniques develop prices that consider the time value of future cash flows and provide a margin for risk, including liquidity and credit risk. Most prices provided by third-party pricing services are classified as Level 2 because the inputs used in pricing the securities are observable. However, some securities that are less liquid or trade less actively are classified as Level 3. Additionally, certain long-dated securities, including certainsuch as municipal securities, foreign government/government agency securities and bank loans, include benchmark interest rate or credit spread assumptions that are not observable in the marketplace and are thus classified as Level 3.
Internal matrix pricing, which is a valuation process internally developed for private placement securities for which the Company is unable to obtain a price from a third-party pricing service. Internal pricing matrices determine credit spreads that, when combined with risk-free rates, are applied to contractual cash flows to develop a price. The Company develops credit spreads using market based data for public securities adjusted for credit spread differentials between public and private securities, which are obtained from a survey of multiple private placement brokers. The market-based reference credit spread considers the issuer’s financial strength and term to maturity, using an independent public security index and trade information, while the credit spread differential considers the non-public nature of the security. Securities priced using internal matrix pricing are classified as Level 2 because the inputs are observable or can be corroborated with observable data.
Independent broker quotes, which are typically non-binding and use inputs that can be difficult to corroborate with observable market based data. Brokers may use present value techniques using assumptions specific to the security types, or they may use recent transactions of similar securities. Due to the lack of transparency in the process that brokers use to develop prices, valuations that are based on independent broker quotes are classified as Level 3.
The fair value of free-standing derivative instruments are determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model or option model technique and incorporate counterparty credit risk. In some cases, quoted market prices for exchange-traded and OTC-cleared derivatives may be used and in other cases independent broker quotes may be used. The pricing valuation models primarily use inputs that are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data. The valuation of certain derivatives may include significant inputs that are unobservable, such as volatility levels, and reflect the Company’s view of what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments. Unobservable market data is used in the valuation of customized derivatives that are used to hedge certain GMWB variable annuity riders. See the section “GMWB Embedded, Customized, and Reinsurance Derivatives” below for further discussion of the valuation model used to value these customized derivatives.
Valuation Controls
The fair value process for investments is monitored by the Valuation Committee of the Company's investment manager, which is a cross-functional group of senior management withinat the CompanyCompany's investment manager that meets at least quarterly. The purpose of the committee is to oversee the pricing policy and procedures, as well as approvingto approve changes to valuation methodologies and pricing sources. Controls and procedures used to assess third-party pricing services are reviewed by the Valuation Committee, including the results of annual due-diligence reviews.
There are also two working groups under the Valuation Committee:Committee of the Company's investment manager: a Securities Fair Value Working Group (“Securities Working Group”) and a Derivatives Fair Value Working Group ("Derivatives Working Group"). The working groups, which include various investment, operations, accounting and risk management professionals, meet monthly to review market data trends, pricing and trading statistics and results, and any proposed pricing methodology changes.

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

The Securities Working Group reviews prices received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. The group considers trading volume, new issuance activity, market trends, new regulatory rulings and other factors to determine whether the market activity is significantly different than normal activity in an active market. A dedicated pricing unit follows up with trading and investment sector professionals and challenges prices of third-party pricing services when the estimated assumptions used differ from what the unit believes a market participant would use. If the available evidence indicates that pricing from third-party pricing services or broker quotes is based upon transactions that are stale or not from trades made in an orderly market, the Company places little, if any, weight on the third party service’s transaction price and will estimate fair value using an internal process, such as a pricing matrix.
The Derivatives Working Group reviews the inputs, assumptions and methodologies used to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. A dedicated pricing team works directly with investment sector professionals to investigate the impacts of changes in the market environment on prices or valuations of derivatives. New models and any changes to current models are required to have detailed documentation and are validated to a second source. The model validation documentation and results of validation are presented to the Valuation Committee for approval.
The CompanyCompany's investment manager conducts other monitoring controls around securities and derivatives pricing including, but not limited to, the following:
Review of daily price changes over specific thresholds and new trade comparison to third-party pricing services.
Daily comparison of OTC derivative market valuations to counterparty valuations.
Review of weekly price changes compared to published bond prices of a corporate bond index.
Monthly reviews of price changes over thresholds, stale prices, missing prices, and zero prices.
Monthly validation of prices to a second source for securities in most sectors and for certain derivatives.
In addition,The Company maintains oversight of its investment manager's internal controls, including valuation controls, and maintains the Company’s enterprise-wide Operational Risk Management function, led by the Chief Risk Officer, is responsible for model risk management and provides an independent review of the suitability and reliability of model inputs, as well as an analysis of significant changes to current models.final decision on all valuation matters.
Valuation Inputs
Quoted prices for identical assets in active markets are considered Level 1 and consist of on-the-run U.S. Treasuries, money market funds, exchange-traded equity securities, open-ended mutual funds, short-term investments, and exchange traded futures and option contracts.

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Valuation Inputs Used in Level 2 and 3 Measurements for Securities and Freestanding Derivatives
 Level 2
Primary Observable Inputs
Level 3
Primary Unobservable Inputs
Fixed Maturity Investments
   Structured securities (includes ABS, CDOsCLOs, CMBS and RMBS)
 • Benchmark yields and spreads
• Monthly payment information
• Collateral performance, which varies by vintage year and includes delinquency rates, loss severity rates and refinancing assumptions
• Credit default swap indices

Other inputs for ABS and RMBS:
• Estimate of future principal prepayments, derived based on the characteristics of the underlying structure
• Prepayment speeds previously experienced at the interest rate levels projected for the collateral
• Independent broker quotes
• Credit spreads beyond observable curve
• Interest rates beyond observable curve

Other inputs for less liquid securities or those that trade less actively, including subprime RMBS:
• Estimated cash flows
• Credit spreads, which include illiquidity premium
• Constant prepayment rates
• Constant default rates
• Loss severity
   Corporates
 • Benchmark yields and spreads
• Reported trades, bids, offers of the same or similar securities
• Issuer spreads and credit default swap curves

Other inputs for investment grade privately placed securities that utilize internal matrix pricing :pricing:
• Credit spreads for public securities of similar quality, maturity, and sector, adjusted for non-public nature
• Independent broker quotes
• Credit spreads beyond observable curve
• Interest rates beyond observable curve

Other inputs for below investment grade privately placed securities:
• Independent broker quotes
• Credit spreads for public securities of similar quality, maturity, and sector, adjusted for non-public nature
   U.SU.S. Treasuries, Municipals, and Foreign government/government agencies
 • Benchmark yields and spreads
• Issuer credit default swap curves
• Political events in emerging market economies
• Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board reported trades and material event notices
• Issuer financial statements
• Independent broker quotes
• Credit spreads beyond observable curve
• Interest rates beyond observable curve
Equity Securities
 • Quoted prices in markets that are not active• For privately traded equity securities, internal discounted cash flow models utilizing earnings multiples or other cash flow assumptions that are not observable; or they may be held at costobservable
Short Term Investments
 • Benchmark yields and spreads
• Reported trades, bids, offers
• Issuer spreads and credit default swap curves
• Material event notices and new issue money market rates
Not applicable
Derivatives
   Credit derivatives
 The swapSwap yield curve
• Credit default swap curves
• Independent broker quotes
• Yield curves beyond observable limitsNot applicable
   Equity derivatives
 • Equity index levels
The swapSwap yield curve
• Independent broker quotes
• Equity volatility
   Foreign exchange derivatives
 • Swap yield curve
• Currency spot and forward rates
• Cross currency basis curves
• Independent broker quotesNot applicable
   Interest rate derivatives
 • Swap yield curve• Independent broker quotes
• Interest rate volatility

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Securities
Assets accounted for at fair value on a recurring basisFair Value
Predominant
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable InputMinimumMaximumWeighted Average [1]Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [2]
As of December 31, 2016
CMBS [3]$9
Discounted cash flowsSpread (encompasses
prepayment, default risk and loss severity)
10bps1,273bps249bpsDecrease
Corporate [4]265
Discounted cash flowsSpread122bps1,021bps373bpsDecrease
Municipal [3]56
Discounted cash flowsSpread135bps286bps195bpsDecrease
RMBS [3]704
Discounted cash flowsSpread16bps1,830bps189bpsDecrease
   Constant prepayment rate%20%4%Decrease [5]
   Constant default rate1%10%5%Decrease
   Loss severity%100%75%Decrease
As of December 31, 2015
CMBS [3]$61
Discounted cash flowsSpread (encompasses
prepayment, default risk and loss severity)
31bps1,505bps230bpsDecrease
Corporate [4]213
Discounted cash flowsSpread63bps800bps290bpsDecrease
Municipal [3]31
Discounted cash flowsSpread193bps193bps193bpsDecrease
RMBS628
Discounted cash flowsSpread30bps1,696bps172bpsDecrease
   Constant prepayment rate%20%3%Decrease [5]
   Constant default rate1%10%6%Decrease
   Loss severity%100%79%Decrease
Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Securities
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Assets Accounted for at Fair Value on a Recurring BasisFair Value
Predominant
Valuation
Technique
Significant Unobservable InputMinimumMaximumWeighted Average [1]Impact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [2]
CMBS [3]$1
Discounted cash flowsSpread (encompasses
prepayment, default risk and loss severity)
9bps1,816bps278bpsDecrease
Corporate [4]144
Discounted cash flowsSpread145bps1,145bps400bpsDecrease
RMBS [3]426
Discounted cash flowsSpread31bps346bps92bpsDecrease
   Constant prepayment rate%13%6%Decrease [5]
   Constant default rate2%8%3%Decrease
   Loss severity%100%58%Decrease
As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
CMBS [3]$15
Discounted cash flowsSpread (encompasses
prepayment, default risk and loss severity)
9bps1,816bps457bpsDecrease
Corporate [4]190
Discounted cash flowsSpread103bps1,000bps355bpsDecrease
Municipal22
Discounted cash flowsSpread192bps250bps228bpsDecrease
RMBS [3]692
Discounted cash flowsSpread24bps463bps77bpsDecrease
   Constant prepayment rate%25%6%Decrease [5]
   Constant default rate%7%4%Decrease
   Loss severity%100%65%Decrease
[1]The weighted average is determined based on the fair value of the securities.
[2]Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table.
[3]Excludes securities for which the Company based fair value on broker quotations.
[4]Excludes securities for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations; however, included are broker-priced lower-rated private placement securities for which the Company receives spread and yield information to corroborate the fair value.
[5]
Decrease for above market rate coupons and increase for below market rate coupons.

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Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Freestanding Derivatives
 Fair ValuePredominant Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputMinimumMaximumImpact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [1]
As of December 31, 2016
Interest rate derivatives      
Interest rate swaps$(29)Discounted  cash flowsSwap curve 
beyond 30 years
3%3%Decrease
GMWB hedging instruments      
Equity variance swaps(36)Option modelEquity volatility20%23%Increase
Equity options17
Option modelEquity volatility27%30%Increase
Customized swaps100
Discounted  cash flowsEquity volatility12%30%Increase
Macro hedge program      
Equity options [2]188
Option modelEquity volatility17%28%Increase
As of December 31, 2015
Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Freestanding DerivativesSignificant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 - Freestanding Derivatives
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Fair ValuePredominant Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputMinimumMaximumImpact of Increase in Input on Fair Value [1]
Interest rate derivatives    
Interest rate swaps(30)Discounted  cash flowsSwap curve 
beyond 30 years
3%Decrease$(27)Discounted cash flowsSwap curve 
beyond 30 years
3%Decrease
GMWB hedging instruments    
Equity variance swaps(31)Option modelEquity volatility19%21%Increase(26)Option modelEquity volatility22%Increase
Equity options35
Option modelEquity volatility27%29%Increase(1)Option modelEquity volatility30%32%Increase
Customized swaps131
Discounted  cash flowsEquity volatility10%40%Increase71
Discounted cash flowsEquity volatility18%30%Increase
Macro hedge program  
Interest rate swaption1
Option modelInterest rate volatility3%Increase
Macro hedge program [2]  
Equity options179
Option modelEquity volatility14%28%Increase250
Option modelEquity volatility17%30%Increase
As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
Interest rate derivatives  
Interest rate swaps$(29)Discounted cash flowsSwap curve 
beyond 30 years
2%3%Decrease
GMWB hedging instruments  
Equity variance swaps(26)Option modelEquity volatility19%Increase
Equity options1
Option modelEquity volatility27%30%Increase
Customized swaps59
Discounted cash flowsEquity volatility7%30%Increase
Macro hedge program [2]  
Equity options29
Option modelEquity volatility18%31%Increase
[1]Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table. Changes are based on long positions, unless otherwise noted. Changes in fair value will be inversely impacted for short positions.
[2]Excludes derivatives for which the Company bases fair value on broker quotations.
The tables above exclude the portion of ABS, CRE CDOs, index options and certain corporate securities for which fair values are predominately based on independent broker quotes. While the Company does not have access to the significant unobservable inputs that independent brokers may use in their pricing process, the Company believes brokers likely use inputs similar to those used by the Company and third-party pricing services to price similar instruments. As such, in their pricing models, brokers likely use estimated loss severity rates, prepayment rates, constant default rates and credit spreads. Therefore, similar to non-broker priced securities, increases in these inputs would generally cause fair values to decrease. For the year endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company) and the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), no significant adjustments were made by the Company to broker prices received.
Transfers between Levels
Transfers of securities among the levels occur at the beginning of the reporting period. The amount of transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 was $563$171 and $711,$283, for the years endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), respectively, which represented previously on-the-run U.S. TreasuryU.S.Treasury securities that are now off-the-run. For the yearsperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), there were no transfers from Level 2 to Level 1. The amount of transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 was $773, for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), which represented previously on-the-run U.S.Treasury securities that are now off-the-run. For the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), there were no transfers from Level 2 to Level 1. See the fair value roll-forward tables for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, for the transfers into and out of Level 3.

F- 24

Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

GMWB Embedded, Customized and Reinsurance Derivatives
GMWB Embedded DerivativesThe Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders that provide the policyholder with a GRBguaranteed remaining balance ("GRB") which is generally equal to premiums less withdrawals. If the policyholder’s account value is reduced to a specified level through a combination of market declines and withdrawals but the GRB still has value, the Company is obligated to continue to make annuity payments to the policyholder until the GRB is exhausted. When payments of the GRB are not life-contingent, the GMWB represents an embedded derivative carried at fair value reported in other policyholder funds and benefits payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
Free-standing Customized DerivativesThe Company holds free-standing customized derivative contracts to provide protection from certain capital markets risks for the remaining term of specified blocks of non-reinsured GMWB riders. These customized derivatives are based on policyholder behavior assumptions specified at the inception of the derivative contracts. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices. These derivatives are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within other investments or other liabilities, as appropriate, after considering the impact of master netting agreements.
GMWB Reinsurance DerivativeThe Company has reinsurance arrangements in place to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to GMWB. These arrangements are recognized as derivatives carried at fair value and reported in reinsurance recoverables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of the reinsurance agreements are reported in net realized capital gains and losses.
Valuation Techniques
Fair values for GMWB embedded derivatives, free-standing customized derivatives and reinsurance derivatives are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy and are calculated using internally developed models that utilize significant unobservable inputs because active, observable markets do not exist for these items. In valuing the GMWB embedded derivative, the Company attributes to the derivative a portion of the expected fees to be collected over the expected life of the contract from the contract holder equal to the present value of future GMWB claims. The excess of fees collected from the contract holder in the current period over the portion of fees attributed to the embedded derivative in the current period are associated with the host variable annuity contract and reported in fee income.
Valuation Controls
Oversight of the Company's valuation policies and processes for GMWB embedded, reinsurance, and customized derivatives is performed by a multidisciplinary group comprised of finance, actuarial and risk management professionals. This multidisciplinary group reviews and approves changes and enhancements to the Company's valuation model as well as associated controls.
Valuation Inputs
The fair value for each of the non-life contingent GMWBs, the free-standing customized derivatives and the GMWB reinsurance derivative is calculated as an aggregation of the following components: Best Estimate Claim Payments; Credit Standing Adjustment; and Margins. The Company believes the aggregation of these components results in an amount that a market participant in an active liquid market would require, if such a market existed, to assume the risks associated with the guaranteed minimum benefits and the related reinsurance and customized derivatives. Each component described in the following discussion is unobservable in the marketplace and requires subjectivity by the Company in determining its value.
Best Estimate Claim Payments
The Best Estimate Claim Payments are calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to projected cash flows, including the present value of benefits and related contract charges, over the lives of the contracts, incorporating unobservable inputs including expectations concerning policyholder behavior. These assumptions are input into a stochastic risk neutral scenario process that is used to determine the valuation and involves numerous estimates and subjective judgments regarding a number of variables.
The Company monitors various aspects of policyholder behavior and may modify certain of its assumptions, including living benefit lapses and withdrawal rates, if credible emerging data indicates that changes are warranted. In addition, the Company will continue to evaluate policyholder behavior assumptions should we implement initiatives to reduce the size of the variable annuity business. At a minimum, all policyholder behavior assumptions are reviewed and updated at least annually as part of the Company’s annual fourth-quarter comprehensive study to refine its estimate of future gross profits. In addition, the Company recognizedrecognizes non-market-based updates driven by the relative outperformance (underperformance) of the underlying actively managed funds as compared to their respective indices.

F- 25

Table of Contents
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Credit Standing Adjustment
The credit standing adjustment is an estimate of the additional amountadjustment to the fair value that market participants would require in determining fair value to reflect the risk that GMWB benefit obligations or the GMWB reinsurance recoverables will not be fulfilled. The Company incorporates a blend of observable Companyestimates of peer company and reinsurer bond spreads and credit default spreads from capital markets, adjusted for market recoverability.
Margins
The behavior risk margin adds a margin that market participants would require, in determining fair value, for the risk that the Company’s assumptions about policyholder behavior could differ from actual experience. The behavior risk margin is calculated by taking the difference between adverse policyholder behavior assumptions and best estimate assumptions.
Valuation Inputs Used in Levels 2 and 3 Measurements for GMWB Embedded, Customized and Reinsurance Derivatives
 Level 2
Primary Observable Inputs
Level 3
Primary Unobservable Inputs
 
• Risk-free rates as represented by the Eurodollar futures, LIBOR deposits and swap rates to derive forward curve rates
• Correlations of 10 years of observed historical returns across underlying well-known market indices
• Correlations of historical index returns compared to separate account fund returns
• Equity index levels
• Market implied equity volatility assumptions
• Credit standing adjustment assumptions

Assumptions about policyholder behavior, including:
• Withdrawal utilization

• Withdrawal rates
• Lapse rates

• Reset elections
Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 GMWB Embedded Customized and Reinsurance Derivatives
 Unobservable Inputs (Minimum)Unobservable Inputs (Maximum)Impact of Increase in Input
on Fair Value Measurement [1]
December 31, 2016
Withdrawal Utilization [2]15%100%Increase
Withdrawal Rates [3]—%8%Increase
Lapse Rates [4]—%40%Decrease
Reset Elections [5]20%75%Increase
Equity Volatility [6]12%30%Increase
December 31, 2015
Withdrawal Utilization [2]20%100%Increase
Withdrawal Rates [3]—%8%Increase
Lapse Rates [4]—%75%Decrease
Reset Elections [5]20%75%Increase
Equity Volatility [6]10%40%Increase
Significant Unobservable Inputs for Level 3 GMWB Embedded Customized and Reinsurance Derivatives
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Significant Unobservable InputUnobservable Inputs (Minimum)Unobservable Inputs (Maximum)Impact of Increase in Input
on Fair Value Measurement [1]
Withdrawal utilization [2]15%100%Increase
Withdrawal rates [3]—%8%Increase
Lapse rates [4]1%40%Decrease
Reset elections [5]20%45%Increase
Equity volatility [6]17%30%Increase
Credit standing adjustment [7]0.04%0.28%Decrease
As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
Significant Unobservable InputUnobservable Inputs (Minimum)Unobservable Inputs (Maximum)Impact of Increase in Input
on Fair Value Measurement [1]
Withdrawal utilization [2]15%100%Increase
Withdrawal rates [3]—%8%Increase
Lapse rates [4]—%40%Decrease
Reset elections [5]30%75%Increase
Equity volatility [6]7%30%Increase
[1]Conversely, the impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact to the fair value as that presented in the table.
[2]Range represents assumed cumulative percentages of policyholders taking withdrawals.
[3]Range represents assumed cumulative annual amount withdrawn by policyholders.
[4]Range represents assumed annual percentages of full surrender of the underlying variable annuity contracts across all policy durations for in force business.
[5]Range represents assumed cumulative percentages of policyholders that would elect to reset their guaranteed benefit base.
[6]Range represents implied market volatilities for equity indices based on multiple pricing sources.
[7]Range represents Company credit spreads, adjusted for market recoverability.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Separate Account Assets
Separate account assets are primarily invested in mutual funds. Other separate account assets include fixed maturities, limited partnerships, equity securities, short-term investments and derivatives that are valued in the same manner, and using the same pricing sources and inputs, as those investments held by the Company. For limited partnerships in which fair value represents the separate account’s share of the NAV, 39% and 30%51% were subject to significant liquidation restrictions due to lock-up or gating provisions as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015, respectively.2017 (Predecessor Company). Total limited partnerships that do not allow any form of redemption were 11%0% and 2%21%, as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Separate account assets classified as Level 3 primarily include long-dated bank loans, subprime RMBS and commercial mortgage loans.

F- 26

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets and liabilities. However, the derivative instrument may not be classified with the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated asset or liability. Therefore, the realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives reported in the Level 3 roll-forward may be offset by realized and unrealized gains and losses of the associated assets and liabilities in other line items of the financial statements.
Fair Value Roll-forwardsThe following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3fair value measurements for the Year Endedperiod of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company), for which the Company had used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
   Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)      
  Fair value as of January 1, 2016Included in net income [1] [2] [6]Included in OCI [3]PurchasesSettlementsSalesTransfers into Level 3 [4]Transfers out of Level 3 [4]Fair value as of December 31, 2016
Assets         
Fixed Maturities, AFS         
 ABS$5
$
$
$35
$(2)$(2)$5
$(4)$37
 CDOs330
(1)(14)62
(117)


260
 CMBS62

(2)43
(13)(2)
(67)21
 Corporate534
(6)10
87
(63)(126)368
(238)566
 Foreign Govt./Govt. Agencies17

1
8
(4)(5)

17
 Municipal49


16
(1)
8

72
 RMBS628
(1)4
268
(154)(26)2
(10)711
Total Fixed Maturities, AFS1,625
(8)(1)519
(354)(161)383
(319)1,684
Fixed Maturities, FVO2


1

(1)
(2)
Equity Securities, AFS38
(1)6
4

(3)

44
Freestanding Derivatives         
 Equity
(8)
8





 Interest rate(29)(1)





(30)
 GMWB hedging instruments135
(60)




6
81
 Macro hedge program147
(38)
63
(6)

1
167
Total Freestanding Derivatives [5]253
(107)
71
(6)

7
218
Reinsurance Recoverable for GMWB83
(24)

14



73
Separate Accounts139
(1)(3)320
(15)(78)17
(178)201
Total Assets$2,140
$(141)$2
$915
$(361)$(243)$400
$(492)$2,220
(Liabilities)         
Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable         
 Guaranteed Withdrawal Benefits(262)88


(67)


(241)
 Equity Linked Notes(26)(7)





(33)
Total Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable(288)81


(67)


(274)
Total Liabilities$(288)$81
$
$
$(67)$
$
$
$(274)
Fair Value Roll-forwards for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3
   Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses)      
  
Fair Value as of
June 1, 2018
Included in Net Income [1] [2] [6]Included in OCI [3]PurchasesSettlementsSalesTransfers into Level 3 [4]Transfers out of Level 3 [4]Fair Value as of December 31, 2018
Assets         
Fixed maturities, AFS         
 ABS$12
$
$
$20
$(1)$(4)$1
$(26)$2
 CLOs65

(1)142
(3)(7)
(119)77
 CMBS17


42
(1)(1)
(16)41
 Corporate451
(6)(7)17
(2)(33)6
(99)327
 Municipal24




(12)
(12)
 RMBS617

(1)38
(71)(117)
(23)443
Total fixed maturities, AFS1,186
(6)(9)259
(78)(174)7
(295)890
Equity securities, at fair value42
1

4

(1)

46
Freestanding derivatives         
 Interest rate(27)






(27)
 GMWB hedging instruments17
28






45
 Macro hedge program(5)156

41
55



247
Total freestanding derivatives [5](15)184

41
55



265
Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB22
10


8



40
Separate accounts55


45

(7)6
(59)40
Total assets$1,290
$189
$(9)$349
$(15)$(182)$13
$(354)$1,281
(Liabilities)         
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable         
 Guaranteed withdrawal benefits(21)(25)

(34)


(80)
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(21)(25)

(34)


(80)
Total liabilities$(21)$(25)$
$
$(34)$
$
$
$(80)

F- 27

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Fair Value Roll-forwardsThe following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3fair value measurements for the Year Ended Decemberperiod of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 20152018 (Predecessor Company), for which the Company has used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
   Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)      
  Fair value as of January 1, 2015Included in net income [1] [2] [6]Included in OCI [3]PurchasesSettlementsSalesTransfers into Level 3 [4]Transfers out of Level 3 [4]Fair value as of December 31, 2015
Assets         
Fixed Maturities, AFS         
 ABS$82
$
$(2)$22
$
$(6)$1
$(92)$5
 CDOs360
(1)3

(26)

(6)330
 CMBS119

(5)18
(36)(3)4
(35)62
 Corporate646
(18)(38)45
(21)(43)99
(136)534
 Foreign Govt./Govt. Agencies30

(3)5
(3)(15)3

17
 Municipal54

(5)




49
 RMBS734
(2)(2)154
(126)(127)16
(19)628
Total Fixed Maturities, AFS2,025
(21)(52)244
(212)(194)123
(288)1,625
Fixed Maturities, FVO84
(5)1
6
(23)(50)
(11)2
Equity Securities, AFS48
(5)1
11
(1)(13)
(3)38
Freestanding Derivatives         
 Credit(3)1

(8)


10

 Commodity
(3)

(3)
6


 Equity5
5


(10)



 Interest rate(27)(1)

(1)


(29)
 GMWB hedging instruments170
(16)

(19)


135
 Macro hedge program141
(41)
47




147
 Other contracts








Total Freestanding Derivatives [5]286
(55)
39
(33)
6
10
253
Reinsurance Recoverable for GMWB56
9


18



83
Separate Accounts112
28
(5)375
(20)(238)12
(125)139
Total Assets$2,611
$(49)$(55)$675
$(271)$(495)$141
$(417)$2,140
(Liabilities)         
Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable         
 Guaranteed Withdrawal Benefits(139)(59)

(64)


(262)
 Equity Linked Notes(26)






(26)
Total Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable(165)(59)

(64)


(288)
Consumer Notes(3)3







Total Liabilities$(168)$(56)$
$
$(64)$
$
$
$(288)
Fair Value Roll-forwards for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3
   Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses)      
  
Fair Value as of
January 1, 2018
Included in Net Income [1] [2] [6]Included in OCI [3]PurchasesSettlementsSalesTransfers into Level 3 [4]Transfers out of Level 3 [4]Fair Value as of May 31, 2018
Assets         
Fixed maturities, AFS         
 ABS$13
$
$
$6
$(1)$
$1
$(7)$12
 CLOs73


5

(3)
(10)65
 CMBS26


7
(1)(15)

17
 Corporate443
2
(23)47
(16)(46)64
(20)451
 Foreign Govt./Govt. agencies1



(1)



 Municipal38

(1)



(13)24
 RMBS692

(3)35
(78)(24)
(5)617
Total fixed maturities, AFS1,286
2
(27)100
(97)(88)65
(55)1,186
Equity securities, at fair value46
10



(14)

42
Freestanding derivatives         
 Interest rate(29)2






(27)
 GMWB hedging instruments34
(15)


(2)

17
 Macro hedge program23
(28)





(5)
Total freestanding derivatives [5]28
(41)


(2)

(15)
Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB36
(19)

5



22
Separate accounts185


34

(164)22
(22)55
Total assets$1,581
$(48)$(27)$134
$(92)$(268)$87
$(77)$1,290
(Liabilities)         
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable         
 Guaranteed withdrawal benefits(75)82


(28)


(21)
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(75)82


(28)


(21)
Total liabilities$(75)$82
$
$
$(28)$
$
$
$(21)
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for fair value measurements for the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), for which the Company has used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Fair Value Roll-forwards for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3
   Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses)      
  Fair Value as of January 1, 2017Included in Net Income [1] [2] [6]Included in OCI [3]PurchasesSettlementsSalesTransfers into Level 3 [4]Transfers out of Level 3 [4]Fair Value as of December 31, 2017
Assets         
Fixed maturities, AFS         
 ABS$37
$
$
$14
$(6)$
$6
$(38)$13
 CLOs260
14
(17)147
(107)(19)
(205)73
 CMBS21

1
33
(4)

(25)26
 Corporate566
(8)23
111
(7)(95)78
(225)443
 Foreign Govt./Govt. agencies17

1
3
(2)

(18)1
 Municipal72

4

(1)(5)
(32)38
 RMBS711

19
155
(185)

(8)692
Total fixed maturities, AFS1,684
6
31
463
(312)(119)84
(551)1,286
Equity securities, AFS44

(4)6




46
Freestanding derivatives         
 Equity




��



 Interest rate(30)1






(29)
 GMWB hedging instruments81
(47)





34
 Macro hedge program167
10

9

(163)

23
Total freestanding derivatives [5]218
(36)
9

(163)

28
Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB73
(52)

15



36
Separate accounts201
3
6
152
(8)(53)11
(127)185
Total assets$2,220
$(79)$33
$630
$(305)$(335)$95
$(678)$1,581
(Liabilities)         
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable         
 Guaranteed withdrawal benefits(241)231


(65)


(75)
 Equity linked notes(33)(4)

37




Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(274)227


(28)


(75)
Total liabilities$(274)$227
$
$
$(28)$
$
$
$(75)
[1]The Company classifies realized and unrealized gains (losses) on GMWB reinsurance derivatives and GMWB embedded derivatives as unrealized gains (losses) for purposes of disclosure in this table because it is impracticable to track on a contract-by-contract basis the realized gains (losses) for these derivatives and embedded derivatives.
[2]Amounts in these rows are generally reported in net realized capital gains (losses). The realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on net income for the Company. All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC.amortization.
[3]All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC.amortization.
[4]Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.
[5]Derivative instruments are reported in this table on a net basis for asset (liability) positions and reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in other investments and other liabilities.
[6]Includes both market and non-market impacts in deriving realized and unrealized gains (losses).

F- 28

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in Net Income for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3 Still Held at Year End
  December 31, 2016 [1] [2]December 31, 2015 [1] [2]
Assets  
Fixed Maturities, AFS  
 CDOs$
$(1)
 CMBS(1)(1)
 Corporate(13)(17)
 RMBS
(3)
Total Fixed Maturities, AFS(14)(22)
Fixed Maturities, FVO
(3)
Equity Securities, AFS(1)(5)
Freestanding Derivatives  
 GMWB hedging instruments(52)(5)
 Macro hedge program(33)(34)
Total Freestanding Derivatives(85)(39)
Reinsurance Recoverable for GMWB(24)9
Separate Accounts
27
Total Assets$(124)$(33)
(Liabilities)  
Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable  
 Guaranteed Withdrawal Benefits88
(59)
 Equity Linked Notes(7)
Total Other Policyholder Funds and Benefits Payable81
(59)
Consumer Notes
3
Total Liabilities$81
$(56)
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income (Loss) for Financial Instruments Classified as Level 3
Still Held at End of Period
  Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
  
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018
[1] [2]
January 1, 2018
to May 31, 2018
[1] [2]
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
[1] [2]
Assets   
Fixed maturities, AFS   
 Corporate$(6)$2
$(1)
Total fixed maturities, AFS(6)2
(1)
Freestanding derivatives   
 Interest rate1
(5)1
 GMWB hedging instruments28
(17)(61)
 Macro hedge program252
(26)(77)
Total freestanding derivatives281
(48)(137)
Reinsurance recoverable for GMWB10
(19)(52)
Separate accounts

1
Total assets$285
$(65)$(189)
(Liabilities)   
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable   
 Guaranteed withdrawal benefits$(25)$82
$231
 Equity linked notes

(4)
Total other policyholder funds and benefits payable(25)82
227
Total liabilities$(25)$82
$227
[1]All amounts in these rows are reported in net realized capital gains (losses). The realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on net income for the Company. All amounts are before income taxes and amortization of DAC.amortization.
[2]Amounts presented are for Level 3 only and therefore may not agree to other disclosures included herein.
Fair Value Option
The Company has elected the fair value option for certain securities that contain embedded credit derivatives with underlying credit risk, primarily related to residential real estate, and these securities are included within Fixed Maturities, FVO on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also classifies the underlying fixed maturities held in certain consolidated investment funds within Fixed Maturities, FVO. The Company reports the underlying fixed maturities
As of these consolidated investment companies at fair value with changes inDecember 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the fair value of these securities recognized in net realized capital gainsassets and losses, which is consistent with accounting requirements for investment companies. The consolidated investment funds hold fixed income securities in multiple sectorsliabilities using the fair value option was $12 and $32, respectively, within the Company has management and control of the funds as well as a significant ownership interest.residential real estate sector.
The Company also previously elected the fair value option for certain equity securities in order to align the accounting with total return swap contracts that hedgehedged the risk associated with the investments. The swaps dodid not qualify for hedge accounting and the change in value of both the equity securities and the total return swaps arewere recorded in net realized capital gains and losses. These equity securities arewere classified within equity securities, AFS on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2016, the Company no longer holds these investments. Income earned from FVO securities iswas recorded in net investment income and changes in fair value arewere recorded in net realized capital gains and losses.

For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) there were no realized capital gains (losses) related to the fair value of assets using the fair value option. For the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) the income earned from FVO securities and the changes recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) were $1, related to equity securities. For the year ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company) the income earned from FVO securities and the changes recorded in net realized capital gains (losses) was $3 and $(34), related to residential real-estate and equity securities, respectively. The Company did not hold any of these equity securities as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company).
F- 29

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Changes in Fair Value of Assets using Fair Value Option
 For the year ended December 31,
 201620152014
Assets   
Fixed maturities, FVO   
CDOs$
$1
$21
Corporate
(3)(3)
Foreign government
2
16
RMBS3


Total fixed maturities, FVO$3
$
$34
Equity, FVO(34)(12)(2)
Total realized capital gains (losses)$(31)$(12)$32
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities using the Fair Value Option
 As of December 31,
 20162015
Assets  
Fixed maturities, FVO  
ABS$
$4
CDOs
1
CMBS
6
Corporate
31
Foreign government
1
RMBS82
119
U.S. Government
3
Total fixed maturities, FVO$82
$165
Equity, FVO [1]$
$281
[1]Included in equity securities, AFS on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company did not hold any equity securities, FVO as of December 31, 2016.

F- 30

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair ValueFinancial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
Fair
Value Hierarchy Level
Carrying Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying Amount
Fair
Value
Fair Value Hierarchy LevelCarrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair ValueDecember 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Assets      
Policy loansLevel 3$1,442
$1,442
$1,446
$1,446
Level 3$1,441
$1,441
$1,432
$1,432
Mortgage loansLevel 32,811
2,843
2,918
2,995
Level 3$2,100
$2,125
$2,872
$2,941
Liabilities      
Other policyholder funds and benefits payable [1]Level 36,436
6,626
6,611
6,802
Level 3$6,186
$5,888
$5,905
$6,095
Consumer notes [2] [3]Level 320
20
38
38
Level 3$
$
$8
$8
Assumed investment contracts [3]Level 3487
526
619
682
Level 3$185
$185
$342
$361
[1]Excludes group accident and health and universal life insurance contracts, including corporate owned life insurance.
[2]Excludes amounts carried at fair value and included in preceding disclosures.
[3]Included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Fair values for policy loans were determined using current loan coupon rates, which reflect the current rates available under the contracts. As a result, the fair value approximates the carrying value of the policy loans.
Fair values for mortgage loans were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations based on current lending rates for similar type loans. Current lending rates reflect changes in credit spreads and the remaining terms of the loans.
Fair values for other policyholder funds and benefits payable and assumed investment contracts, not carried at fair value, are estimated based on the cash surrender values of the underlying policies or by estimating future cash flows discounted at current interest rates adjusted for credit risk.
Fair values for consumer notes were estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current interest rates adjusted for estimated loan durations.

F- 31

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments


Net Investment Income (Loss)
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Income
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(Before-tax)20162015201420172016
Fixed maturities [1]$1,049
$1,095
$1,113
$343
$395
$995
$1,049
Equity securities8
7
14
9
4
9
8
Mortgage loans135
152
156
49
54
124
135
Policy loans83
82
80
48
32
79
83
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments86
97
141
67
41
75
86
Other investments [2]64
82
111
Other [2]11
13
54
64
Investment expenses(52)(59)(72)(18)(19)(55)(52)
Total net investment income$1,373
$1,456
$1,543
$509
$520
$1,281
$1,373
[1]Includes net investment income on short-term investments.
[2]IncludesPrimarily includes income from derivatives that hedge fixed maturities and qualify for hedge accounting.accounting and hedge fixed maturities.
Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
For the years ended December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
(Before-tax)201620152014
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(Before tax)20172016
Gross gains on sales$211
$239
$264
$12
$49
$226
$211
Gross losses on sales(93)(211)(235)(38)(112)(58)(93)
Equity securities [1](21)2


Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings(28)(61)(29)(7)
(14)(28)
Valuation allowances on mortgage loans
(4)(4)(5)
2

Japanese fixed annuity contract hedges, net

(14)
Results of variable annuity hedge program 
  
GMWB derivatives, net(38)(87)5
12
12
48
(38)
Macro hedge program(163)(46)(11)153
(36)(260)(163)
Total U.S. program(201)(133)(6)
International Program

(126)
Total results of variable annuity hedge program(201)(133)(132)165
(24)(212)(201)
GMAB/GMWB reinsurance

579
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts(12)46
395
Transactional foreign currency revaluation(70)(4)
9
(6)(1)(70)
Non-qualifying foreign currency derivatives57
(16)(122)(10)7
(5)57
Other, net [1](27)(2)(125)
Net realized capital losses$(163)$(146)$577
Other, net [2]37
(23)2
(39)
Net realized capital gains (losses)$142
$(107)$(60)$(163)
[1]Effective January 1, 2018, with adoption of new accounting standards for equity securities, include all changes in fair value and trading gains and losses for equity securities at fair value.
[2]Includes gains (losses) on non-qualifying derivatives, excluding variable annuity hedge program and foreign currency derivatives, of $(12)$35 for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), $46,$(10) for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), and $972, respectively$0 and $6 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014.(Predecessor Company), respectively.
Net realized capital gains and losses from investment sales are reported as a component of revenues and are determined on a specific identification basis. For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), before tax, net gains and losses on sales and impairments previously reported as unrealized gains or losses in AOCI were $(32). Before tax, net gains and losses on sales and impairments previously reported as unrealized gains or losses were $(2) for the period January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company). Before tax, net gains and losses on sales and impairments previously reported as unrealized gains or losses in AOCI were $89, $(27)$153 and $1$89 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 2015 and 2014,(Predecessor Company), respectively.

F- 32

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Sales of AFS Securities
Sales of AFS SecuritiesSales of AFS Securities
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
20162015201420172016
Fixed maturities, AFS   
Sale proceeds$7,409
$9,454
$9,084
$2,523
$3,523
$7,979
$7,409
Gross gains206
195
210
12
45
211
206
Gross losses(85)(161)(183)(37)(47)(56)(85)
Equity securities, AFS 
   
 
Sale proceeds$321
$586
$107
  $203
$321
Gross gains4
26
9
  13
4
Gross losses(8)(26)(6)  (1)(8)
Sales of AFS securities in 20162018 were primarily a result of duration and liquidity management, as well as tactical changes to the portfolio as a result of changing market conditions.
The net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities included in net realized capital gains (losses) related to equity securities still held as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), was $(14) and $(3) for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), and the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Prior to January 1, 2018, changes in net unrealized gains (losses) were included in AOCI.
Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The Company will record an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) for fixed maturities and certain equity securities with debt-like characteristics (collectively “debt securities”) if the Company intends to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before a recovery in value. A corresponding charge is recorded in net realized capital losses equal to the difference between the fair value and amortized cost basis of the security.
The Company will also record an OTTI for those debt securitiesfixed maturities for which the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis. For these securities, the excess of the amortized cost basis over its fair value is separated into the portion representing a credit OTTI, which is recorded in net realized capital losses, and the remaining non-credit amount, which is recorded in OCI. The credit OTTI amount is the excess of its amortized cost basis over the Company’s best estimate of discounted expected future cash flows. The non-credit amount is the excess of the best estimate of the discounted expected future cash flows over the fair value. The Company’s best estimate of discounted expected future cash flows becomes the new cost basis and accretes prospectively into net investment income over the estimated remaining life of the security.
The Company’s best estimate of expected future cash flows is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with certain internal assumptions regarding the future performance. The Company considers,Company's considerations include, but isare not limited to, (a) changes in the financial condition of the issuer and the underlying collateral, (b) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (c) credit ratings, (d) payment structure of the security and (e) the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security.
For non-structured securities, assumptions include, but are not limited to, economic and industry-specific trends and fundamentals, security-specific developments, industry earnings multiples and the issuer’s ability to restructure and execute asset sales.
For structured securities, assumptions include, but are not limited to, various performance indicators such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, current and projected delinquency rates, loan-to-value ("LTV") ratios, average cumulative collateral loss rates that vary by vintage year, prepayment speeds, and property value declines. These assumptions require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability of issuer default and estimates regarding timing and amount of expected recoveries which may include estimating the underlying collateral value.
Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recorded an OTTI for certain equity securities with debt-like characteristics if the Company intended to sell or it was more likely than not that the Company was required to sell the security before a recovery in value as well as for those equity securities for which the Company did not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis. The Company will also recordrecorded an OTTI for equity securities where the decline in the fair value iswas deemed to be other-than-temporary. A corresponding charge is recorded in net realized capital losses equalFor further discussion of these policies, see Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments within Note 3 - Investments of Notes to the difference between the fair value and cost basis of the security. The previous cost basis less the impairment becomes the new cost basis. The Company’s evaluation and assumptions used to determine an equity OTTI include, but is not limited to, (a) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost of the security, (b) changesConsolidated Financial Statements included in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the issuer is current on preferred stock dividends and (d) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery. For the remaining equity securities which are determined to be temporarily impaired, the Company asserts its intent and ability to retain those equity securities until the price recovers.Company’s 2017 Form 10-K Annual Report (Predecessor Company).

F- 33

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Impairments in Earnings by Type
Impairments in Earnings by Type
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
 20172016
Intent-to-sell impairments$1
$
$
$4
Credit impairments6

14
22
Impairments on equity securities


2
Total impairments$7
$
$14
$28
 For the years ended December 31,
 201620152014
Intent-to-sell impairments$4
$24
$11
Credit impairments22
23
16
Impairments on equity securities2
14
1
Other impairments

1
Total impairments$28
$61
$29
Cumulative Credit Impairments
Cumulative Credit ImpairmentsCumulative Credit Impairments
For the years ended December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
(Before-tax)201620152014
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
(Before tax)20172016
Balance as of beginning of period$(211)$(296)$(410)$
$(88)$(170)$(211)
Additions for credit impairments recognized on [1]:   
Securities not previously impaired(9)(11)(7)(6)
(1)(9)
Securities previously impaired(13)(12)(9)

(13)(13)
Reductions for credit impairments previously recognized on:   
Securities that matured or were sold during the period44
58
111

17
82
44
Securities the Company made the decision to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell
1

Securities due to an increase in expected cash flows19
49
$19

1
14
19
Balance as of end of period$(170)$(211)$(296)$(6)$(70)$(88)$(170)
[1]These additions are included in the net OTTI losses recognized in earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Available-for-Sale Securities
AFS Securities by Type
AFS Securities by TypeAFS Securities by Type
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Cost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueNon-Credit OTTI [1]Cost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueNon-Credit OTTI [1]Cost or Amortized Cost [1]Gross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueNon-Credit OTTI [2]Cost or Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueNon-Credit OTTI [2]
ABS$1,011
$9
$(27)$993
$
$864
$16
$(34)$846
$
$514
$2
$
$516
$
$821
$9
$(11)$819
$
CDOs [2]893
49
(2)940

1,354
67
(11)1,408

CLOs971
5
(13)963

886
2

888

CMBS2,135
45
(34)2,146
(1)1,936
52
(24)1,964
(3)1,409
8
(7)1,407

2,061
45
(22)2,084
(1)
Corporate13,677
1,111
(95)14,693

14,425
975
(225)15,175
(3)7,860
19
(236)7,678
(1)12,587
1,483
(32)14,038

Foreign govt./govt. agencies337
18
(10)345

328
14
(11)331

383
3
(6)377

379
30
(2)407

Municipal1,098
97
(6)1,189

1,057
80
(5)1,132

738
5
(10)734

1,125
142
(1)1,266

RMBS1,742
34
(16)1,760

1,468
43
(8)1,503

1,034
3
(4)1,033

1,388
41
(2)1,427

U.S. Treasuries1,614
153
(14)1,753

2,127
184
(13)2,298

1,126
8
(3)1,131

1,667
206
(3)1,870

Total fixed maturities, AFS22,507
1,516
(204)23,819
(1)23,559
1,431
(331)24,657
(6)14,035
53
(279)13,839
(1)20,914
1,958
(73)22,799
(1)
Equity securities, AFS [3]142
12
(2)152

178
11
(11)178











140
14

154

Total AFS securities$22,649
$1,528
$(206)$23,971
$(1)$23,737
$1,442
$(342)$24,835
$(6)$14,035
$53
$(279)$13,839
$(1)$21,054
$1,972
$(73)$22,953
$(1)
[1]The cost or amortized cost of assets that support modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts were not adjusted as part of the application of pushdown accounting. As a result, gross unrealized gains (losses) only include subsequent changes in value recorded in AOCI beginning June 1, 2018. Prior changes in value have been recorded in additional paid-in capital.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


[2]Represents the amount of cumulative non-credit OTTI losses recognized in OCI on securities that also had credit impairments. These losses are included in gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015.
[2]Gross unrealized gains (losses) exclude the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives within certain securities. Subsequent changes in value are recorded in net realized capital gains (losses)2017 (Predecessor Company).
[3]ExcludesEffective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting standards for financial instruments, equity securities, FVO, with a cost andAFS were reclassified to equity securities at fair value of $293 and $281, respectively,are excluded from the table above as of December 31, 2015. The Company held no equity securities, FVO as of December 31, 2016.2018.

F- 34

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Fixed maturities, AFS, by Contractual Maturity Year
Fixed maturities, AFS, by Contractual Maturity YearFixed maturities, AFS, by Contractual Maturity Year
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Contractual MaturityAmortized CostFair Value Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
One year or less$722
$727
 $953
$974
$481
$479
$844
$850
Over one year through five years4,184
4,301
 4,973
5,075
1,508
1,501
3,498
3,580
Over five years through ten years3,562
3,649
 3,650
3,714
1,807
1,783
3,178
3,321
Over ten years8,258
9,303
 8,361
9,173
6,311
6,157
8,238
9,830
Subtotal16,726
17,980
 17,937
18,936
10,107
9,920
15,758
17,581
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities5,781
5,839
 5,622
5,721
3,928
3,919
5,156
5,218
Total fixed maturities, AFS$22,507
$23,819
 $23,559
$24,657
$14,035
$13,839
$20,914
$22,799
Estimated maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to security call or prepayment provisions. Due to the potential for variability in payment speeds (i.e. prepayments or extensions), mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are not categorized by contractual maturity.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company aims to maintain a diversified investment portfolio including issuer, sector and geographic stratification, where applicable, and has established certain exposure limits, diversification standards and review procedures to mitigate credit risk.
The Company had no investment exposure to any credit concentration risk of a single issuer greater than 10% of the Company's stockholder's equity, other than the U.S. government and certain U.S. government securitiesagencies as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) or December 31, 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company). As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies, the Company’s three largest exposures by issuer were National Grid plc,CVS Health Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, and HSBC Holdings plc, and Oracle Corp.,PLC, which each comprised less than 1% of total invested assets. As of December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), other than U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies, the Company’s three largest exposures by issuer were Morgan Stanley, Verizon Communications Inc.,HSBC Holdings PLC, Microsoft Corporation, and Bank of America Corp.,National Grid PLC, which each comprised less than 1% of total invested assets.
The Company’s three largest exposures by sector as of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), were utilities, financial services, utilities, and consumer non-cyclicalCMBS which comprised approximately 10%8%, 9%7% and 7%, respectively, of total invested assets. The Company’s three largest exposures by sector as of December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company) were financial services, utilities, and consumer non-cyclicalCMBS which comprised approximately 11%9%, 8%9% and 7%, respectively, of total invested assets.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Unrealized Losses on AFS Securities
Unrealized Loss Aging for AFS securities by Type and Length of Time
Unrealized Loss Aging for AFS Securities by Type and Length of Time as of December 31, 2018
Successor Company
 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Amortized Cost [1]Fair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized Cost [1]Fair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized Cost [1]Fair ValueUnrealized Losses
ABS$179
$179
$
 $
$
$
 $179
$179
$
CLOs887
874
(13) 


 887
874
(13)
CMBS762
754
(7) 


 762
754
(7)
Corporate6,748
6,549
(236) 


 6,748
6,549
(236)
Foreign govt./govt. agencies218
212
(6) 


 218
212
(6)
Municipal490
480
(10) 


 490
480
(10)
RMBS727
723
(4) 


 727
723
(4)
U.S. Treasuries619
616
(3) 


 619
616
(3)
Total fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position$10,630
$10,387
$(279) $
$
$
 $10,630
$10,387
$(279)
 December 31, 2016
 Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
 Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses
ABS$249
$248
$(1) $265
$239
$(26) $514
$487
$(27)
CDOs [1]325
325

 210
208
(2) 535
533
(2)
CMBS1,058
1,030
(28) 139
133
(6) 1,197
1,163
(34)
Corporate2,535
2,464
(71) 402
378
(24) 2,937
2,842
(95)
Foreign govt./govt. agencies164
155
(9) 6
5
(1) 170
160
(10)
Municipal166
160
(6) 


 166
160
(6)
RMBS548
535
(13) 198
195
(3) 746
730
(16)
U.S. Treasuries385
371
(14) 


 385
371
(14)
Total fixed maturities, AFS5,430
5,288
(142) 1,220
1,158
(62) 6,650
6,446
(204)
Equity securities, AFS [2]59
57
(2) 5
5

 64
62
(2)
Total securities in an unrealized loss position$5,489
$5,345
$(144) $1,225
$1,163
$(62) $6,714
$6,508
$(206)

F- 35

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


December 31, 2015
Unrealized Loss Aging for AFS Securities by Type and Length of Time as of December 31, 2017Unrealized Loss Aging for AFS Securities by Type and Length of Time as of December 31, 2017
Predecessor CompanyPredecessor Company
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or More TotalLess Than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized LossesAmortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses Amortized CostFair ValueUnrealized Losses
ABS$387
$385
$(2) $271
$239
$(32) $658
$624
$(34)$158
$157
$(1) $219
$209
$(10) $377
$366
$(11)
CDOs [1]608
602
(6) 500
493
(5) 1,108
1,095
(11)
CLOs242
242

 37
37

 279
279

CMBS655
636
(19) 99
94
(5) 754
730
(24)524
517
(7) 346
331
(15) 870
848
(22)
Corporate4,880
4,696
(184) 363
322
(41) 5,243
5,018
(225)1,082
1,074
(8) 779
755
(24) 1,861
1,829
(32)
Foreign govt./govt. agencies144
136
(8) 30
27
(3) 174
163
(11)60
59
(1) 35
34
(1) 95
93
(2)
Municipal179
174
(5) 


 179
174
(5)9
9

 10
9
(1) 19
18
(1)
RMBS280
279
(1) 230
223
(7) 510
502
(8)288
287
(1) 28
27
(1) 316
314
(2)
U.S. Treasuries963
950
(13) 8
8

 971
958
(13)382
380
(2) 38
37
(1) 420
417
(3)
Total fixed maturities, AFS8,096
7,858
(238) 1,501
1,406
(93) 9,597
9,264
(331)
Total fixed maturities, AFS in an unrealized loss position$2,745
$2,725
$(20) $1,492
$1,439
$(53) $4,237
$4,164
$(73)
Equity securities, AFS [2]83
79
(4) 44
37
(7) 127
116
(11)6
6

 3
3

 9
9

Total securities in an unrealized loss position$8,179
$7,937
$(242) $1,545
$1,443
$(100) $9,724
$9,380
$(342)$2,751
$2,731
$(20) $1,495
$1,442
$(53) $4,246
$4,173
$(73)
[1]Unrealized losses excludeThe cost or amortized cost of assets that support modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts were not adjusted as part of the change in fair valueapplication of bifurcated embedded derivatives within certain securities for whichpushdown accounting. As a result, gross unrealized gains (losses) only include subsequent changes in fair value are recorded in net realized capital gains (losses).AOCI beginning June 1, 2018. Prior changes in value have been recorded in additional paid-in capital.
[2]AsEffective January 1, 2018, with the adoption of new accounting standards for financial instruments, equity securities, AFS were reclassified to equity securities at fair value and are excluded from the table above as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, excludes equity securities, FVO which are included in equity securities, AFS on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.2018.
As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), AFS securities in an unrealized loss position consisted of 1,8972,234 securities, primarily in the corporate sector, which were depressed primarily due to an increase in interest rates and/or widening of credit spreads since the securities were purchased.application of pushdown accounting in connection with the May 31, 2018 sale by HHI. As of December 31, 2016, 95%2018, 99% of these securities were depressed less than 20% of cost or amortized cost. The decrease in unrealized losses during 2016 was primarily attributable to tighter credit spreads, partially offset by higher interest rates.

F- 36

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Most of the securities depressed for twelve months or more primarily relate to student loan ABS and corporate securities concentrated in the financial services and energy sectors. Corporate financial services securities and student loan ABS were primarily depressed because the securities have floating-rate coupons and have long-dated maturities, and current credit spreads are wider than when these securities were purchased. Corporate securities within the energy sector are primarily depressed due to a lower level of oil prices. The Company neither has an intention to sell nor does it expect to be required to sell the securities outlined in the preceding discussion.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loan Valuation Allowances
Commercial mortgageMortgage loans are considered to be impaired when management estimates that, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company reviews mortgage loans on a quarterly basis to identify potential credit losses. Among other factors, management reviews current and projected macroeconomic trends, such as unemployment rates, and property-specific factors such as rental rates, occupancy levels, LTV ratios and debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”). In addition, the Company considers historical, current and projected delinquency rates and property values. Estimates of collectibility require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability and timing of borrower default and loss severity estimates. In addition, cash flow projections may change based upon new information about the borrower's ability to pay and/or the value of underlying collateral such as changes in projected property value estimates.
For mortgage loans that are deemed impaired, a valuation allowance is established for the difference between the carrying amount and estimated value. The mortgage loan's estimated value is most frequently the Company's share of the fair value of the collateral but may also be the Company’s share of either (a) the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or (b) the loan’s observable market price. A valuation allowance may be recorded for an individual loan or for a group of loans that have an LTV ratio of 90% or greater, a low DSCR or have other lower credit quality characteristics. Changes in valuation allowances are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses. Interest income on impaired loans is accrued to the extent it is deemed collectible and the borrowers continue to make payments under the original or restructured loan terms. The Company stops accruing interest income on loans when it is probable that the Company will not receive interest and principal payments according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The companyCompany resumes accruing interest income when it determines that sufficient collateral exists to satisfy the full amount of the loan principal and interest payments and when it is probable cash will be received in the foreseeable future. Interest income on defaulted loans is recognized when received.
As of December 31, 2016, commercial2018 (Successor Company), mortgage loans had an amortized cost and carrying value of $2.8$2.1 billion, with a valuation allowance of $19 and a carrying value of $2.8 billion.$(5). As of December 31, 2015, commercial2017 (Predecessor Company), mortgage loans had an amortized cost and carrying value of $2.9 billion with ano valuation allowance of $19 and a carrying value of $2.9 billion.allowance. Amortized cost represents carrying value prior to valuation allowances, if any.
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,2018 (Successor Company), the carrying value of mortgage loans that had a valuation allowance was $31 and $39, respectively.$23. There were no mortgage loans held-for-sale as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) or December 31, 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company). As of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), the Company had an immaterial amount ofno mortgage loans that have had extensions or restructurings other than what is allowable under the original terms of the contract.
Valuation Allowance Activity
 For the years ended December 31,
 2016 2015 2014
Balance as of January 1$(19) $(15) $(12)
(Additions)/Reversals
 (4) (4)
Deductions
 
 1
Balance as of December 31$(19) $(19) $(15)
Valuation Allowance Activity
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 For the years ended December 31,
  2017 2016
Beginning balance$
$
 $(19) $(19)
Reversals/(Additions)(6)
 (1) 
Deductions1

 20
 
Ending balance$(5)$
 $
 $(19)
The weighted-average LTV ratio of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio was 51%52% as of December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), while the weighted-average LTV ratio at origination of these loans was 63%. LTV ratios compare the loan amount to the value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan. The loan collateral values are updated no less than annually through reviews of the underlying properties. Factors considered in estimating property values include, among other things, actual and expected property cash flows, geographic market data and the ratio of the property's net operating income to its value. DSCR compares a property’s net operating income to the borrower’s principal and interest payments. The weighted average DSCR of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio was 2.55x as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company) the Company held oneno delinquent commercial mortgagemortgages loan past due by 90 days or more. The loan had a total carrying value and valuation allowance of $15 and $16, respectively, and was not accruing income.

F- 37

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Commercial Mortgage Loans Credit Quality
Mortgage Loans Credit Quality
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Loan-to-valueCarrying ValueAvg. Debt-Service Coverage RatioCarrying ValueAvg. Debt-Service Coverage Ratio
Greater than 80%$
0.00x$5
1.26x
65% - 80%340
1.78x125
1.88x
Less than 65%1,760
2.48x2,742
2.69x
Total mortgage loans$2,100
2.36x$2,872
2.65x
 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
Loan-to-valueCarrying ValueAvg. Debt-Service Coverage Ratio Carrying ValueAvg. Debt-Service Coverage Ratio
Greater than 80%$20
0.59x $15
0.91x
65% - 80%182
2.17x 280
1.78x
Less than 65%2,609
2.61x 2,623
2.54x
Total commercial mortgage loans$2,811
2.55x $2,918
2.45x
Mortgage Loans by Region
Mortgage Loans by RegionMortgage Loans by Region
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Carrying ValuePercent of Total Carrying ValuePercent of TotalCarrying ValuePercent of TotalCarrying ValuePercent of Total
East North Central$54
1.9% $66
2.3%$56
2.7%$62
2.1%
East South Central14
0.5% 14
0.5%19
0.9%14
0.5%
Middle Atlantic237
8.4% 210
7.2%131
6.2%291
10.1%
Mountain51
2.4%53
1.9%
New England93
3.3% 163
5.6%79
3.7%92
3.2%
Pacific814
29.0% 933
32.0%684
32.6%838
29.2%
South Atlantic613
21.8% 579
19.8%457
21.8%608
21.2%
West South Central128
4.6% 125
4.3%226
10.8%195
6.8%
Other [1]858
30.5% 828
28.3%397
18.9%719
25.0%
Total mortgage loans$2,811
100% $2,918
100%$2,100
100%$2,872
100%
[1]Primarily represents loans collateralized by multiple properties in various regions.
Mortgage Loans by Property Type
Mortgage Loans by Property TypeMortgage Loans by Property Type
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Carrying ValuePercent of Total Carrying ValuePercent of TotalCarrying ValuePercent of TotalCarrying ValuePercent of Total
Commercial         
Agricultural$16
0.6% $16
0.5%
Industrial793
28.2% 829
28.4%$580
27.6%$743
25.9%
Lodging25
0.9% 26
0.9%24
1.1%24
0.8%
Multifamily535
19.0% 557
19.1%518
24.7%662
23.0%
Office605
21.5% 729
25.0%478
22.8%685
23.9%
Retail611
21.8% 650
22.3%286
13.6%557
19.4%
Single Family86
4.1%
%
Other226
8.0% 111
3.8%128
6.1%201
7.0%
Total mortgage loans$2,811
100% $2,918
100%$2,100
100%$2,872
100%
Variable Interest Entities
The Company is engaged with various special purpose entities and other entities that are deemed to be VIEs primarily as an investor through normal investment activities but also as an investment manager and as a means of accessing capital through a contingent capital facility ("the facility").activities.
A VIE is an entity that either has investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as simple majority kick-out rights, or lacks sufficient funds to finance its own activities without financial support provided by other entities. The Company performs ongoing qualitative assessments of its VIEs to determine whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and therefore is the primary beneficiary. The Company is deemed to have a controlling financial interest when it has both the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on the Company’s assessment, if it determines it is the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 38

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and the maximum exposure to loss relating to the VIEs for which the Companydetermines it is the primary beneficiary. Creditors have no recourse againstbeneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE in the eventCompany’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As of default by these VIEs nor doesDecember 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) the Company havedid not hold any implied or unfunded commitments to these VIEs. The Company’s financial or other support provided to these VIEs is limited to its collateral or investment management services and original investment. Since December 31, 2015, the Company has disposed of the VIEs for which it was the primary beneficiary.
Consolidated VIEs
 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015
 Total AssetsTotal Liabilities  [1]Maximum Exposure to Loss [2] Total AssetsTotal Liabilities  [1]Maximum Exposure to Loss [2]
Investment funds [3]$
$
$
 $52
$11
$42
Limited partnerships and other alternative investments [4]



 2
1
1
Total$
$
$
 $54
$12
$43
[1]Included in other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[2]The maximum exposure to loss represents the maximum loss amount that the Company could recognize as a reduction in net investment income or as a realized capital loss and is the cost basis of the Company’s investment.
[3]Total assets included in fixed maturities, FVO, short-term investments, and equity, AFS on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[4]Total assets included in limited partnerships and other alternative investments on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Non-Consolidated VIEs
The Company, through normal investment activities, makes passive investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments. Upon the adoption of the new consolidation guidance discussed above, these investments are now considered VIEs. For these non-consolidated VIEs, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary as it has no ability to direct activities that could significantly affect the economic performance of the investments. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company) is limited to the total carrying value of $859$849 and $729,$900, respectively, which are included in limited partnerships and other alternative investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $497$474 and $299,$673, respectively, whereby the Company is committed to fund these investments and may be called by the partnership during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. These investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in management.
In addition, the Company also makes passive investments in structured securities issued by VIEs for which the Company is not the manager and, therefore does not consolidate.manager. These investments are included in ABS, CDOs, CMBS and RMBS in the Available-for-Sale Securities table and fixed maturities, FVO, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has not provided financial or other support with respect to these investments other than its original investment. For these investments, the Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary due to the relative size of the Company’s investment in comparison to the principal amount of the structured securities issued by the VIEs, the level of credit subordination which reduces the Company’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits and the Company’s inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these investments is limited to the amount of the Company’s investment.
Securities Lending, Repurchase Agreements and Other Collateral Transactions
The Company enters into securities financing transactions as a way to earn additional income onor manage liquidity, primarily through securities loaned (securities lending) or on securities soldlending and repurchased (repurchase agreements). repurchase agreements.
Securities Lending
Under a securities lending program, the Company lends certain fixed maturities within the corporate, foreign government/government agencies, and municipal sectors as well as equity securities to qualifying third-party borrowers in return for collateral in the form of cash or securities. For domestic and non-domestic loaned securities, respectively, borrowers provide collateral of 102% and 105% of the fair value of the securities lent at the time of the loan. Borrowers will return the securities to the Company for cash or securities collateral at maturity dates generally of 90 days or less. Security collateral on deposit from counterparties in connection with securities lending transactions may not be sold or re-pledged, except in the event of default by the counterparty, and is not reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional collateral is obtained if the fair value of the collateral falls below 100% of the fair value of the loaned securities. The agreements provide the counterparty the right to sell or re-pledge the securities loaned. If cash, rather than securities, is received as collateral, the cash is typically invested in short-term investments or fixed maturities and is reported as an asset on the consolidated balance sheets.Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income associated with securities lending transactions is reported as a component of net investment income onin the Company’s consolidated statementsConsolidated Statements of operations. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of securities on loan and the associated liability for cash collateral received was $435 and $420,Operations.

F- 39

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


respectively. The Company also received securities collateral of $26 which was not included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of securities on loan and the associated liability for cash collateral received was $15 and $15, respectively.Repurchase Agreements
From time to time, the Company enters into repurchase agreements to manage liquidity or to earn incremental spread income. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which one party (transferor) agrees to sell securities to another party (transferee) in return for cash (or securities), with a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same securities at a specified price at a later date. A dollar roll is a type of repurchase agreement where a mortgage backed security is sold with an agreement to repurchase substantially the same security at a specified date in the future. These transactions generally have a contractual maturity of ninety days or less. Repurchase agreements include master netting provisions that provide both counterparties the right to offset claims and apply securities held by them with respect to their obligations in the event of a default. Although the Company has the contractual right to offset claims, the Company's current positions do not meet the specific conditions for net presentation.
Under repurchase agreements, the Company transfers collateral of U.S. government and government agency securities and receives cash. For repurchase agreements, the Company obtains cash in an amount equal to at least 95% of the fair value of the securities transferred. The agreements require additional collateral to be transferred when necessary and provide the counterparty the right to sell or re-pledge the securities transferred. The cash received from the repurchase program is typically invested in short-term investments or fixed maturities and is reported as an asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Repurchase agreements include master netting provisions that provide both counterparties the right to offset claims and apply securities held by them with respect to their obligations in the event of a default. Although the Company has the contractual right to offset claims, fixed maturities do not meet the specific conditions for net presentation under U.S. GAAP.Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for the repurchase
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


agreements as collateralized borrowings. The securities transferred under repurchase agreements are included in fixed maturities, AFS with the obligation to repurchase those securities recorded in other liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2016,From time to time, the Company reportedenters into reverse repurchase agreements where the Company purchases securities and simultaneously agrees to resell the same or substantially the same securities. The agreements require additional collateral to be transferred to the Company when necessary and the Company has the right to sell or re-pledge the securities received. The Company accounts for reverse repurchase agreements as collateralized financing. The receivable for reverse repurchase agreements is included within short term investments in fixed maturities, AFS on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets financial collateral pledged relating to repurchase agreements of $112 in fixed maturities, AFS and $9 in cash. The Company reported a corresponding obligation to repurchase the pledged securities of $118 in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2015, the Company reported in financial collateral pledged relating to repurchase agreements of $249. The Company reported a corresponding obligation to repurchase the pledged securities of $249 in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had no outstanding dollar roll transactions as of December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.
Securities Lending and Repurchase Agreements
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
 Fair ValueFair Value
Securities Lending Transactions:  
Gross amount of securities on loan$277
$674
Gross amount of associated liability for collateral received [1]$284
$689
   
Repurchase Agreements:  
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements$186
$202
Gross amount of collateral pledged related to repurchase agreements [2]$190
$206
Gross amount of recognized receivables for reverse repurchase agreements [3]$25
$
[1]Cash collateral received is reinvested in fixed maturities, AFS and short term investments which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amount includes additional securities collateral received of $1 and $1 which are excluded from the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
[2]Collateral pledged is included within fixed maturities, AFS and short term investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[3]Collateral received is included within short term investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other Collateral Transactions
The Company is required by law to deposit securities with government agencies in certain states in which it conducts business. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the fair value of securities on deposit was approximately $21$23 and $14,$22, respectively.
For disclosure of collateral in support of derivative transactions, refer to the Derivative Collateral Arrangements section of Note 4 - Derivative Instruments.Instruments of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Method Investments
The majority of the Company's investments in limited partnerships and other alternative investments, including hedge funds, mortgage and real estate funds, and private equity and other funds (collectively, “limited partnerships”), are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company recognized total equity method income of $67 for the period June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), $41 for the period January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), $75 and $96 for the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Equity method income is reported in net investment income. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) is limited to the total carrying value of $930.$894. In addition, the Company has outstanding commitments totaling approximately $497,$478, to fund limited partnership and other alternative investments as of December 31, 2016.2018 (Successor Company). The Company’s investments in limited partnerships are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the limited partnerships. In 2016,2018, aggregate investment income (losses) from limited partnerships and other alternative investments exceeded 10% of the Company’s pre-tax consolidated net income. Accordingly, the Company is disclosing aggregated summarized financial data for the Company’s limited partnership investments. This aggregated summarized financial data does not represent the Company’s proportionate share of limited partnership assets or earnings. Aggregate total assets of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $100.6$132.7 billion and $82.2$161.1 billion as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Aggregate total liabilities of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $17.6$28.6 billion and $14.0$46.5 billion as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Aggregate net investment income (loss) of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $0.9 billion, $0.8 billion and $3.5 billion for the periods ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Aggregate net income of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $7.4 billion, $5.2$653, $1.8 billion and $8.7$0.9 billion for the periods ended December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), 2017 (Predecessor Company) and 2016 2015(Predecessor Company), respectively. Aggregate net income excluding net investment income of the limited partnerships in which the Company invested totaled $8.9 billion, $8.1 billion, and 2014,$7.4 billion for the periods ended
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
3. Investments (continued)


December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), 2017 (Predecessor Company) and 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively. As of, and for the period ended, December 31, 2016,2018 (Successor Company), the aggregated summarized financial data reflects the latest available financial information.

F- 40

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives


Derivative Instruments
The Company utilizes a variety of OTC, OTC-cleared and exchange traded derivative instruments as a part of its overall risk management strategy as well as to enter into replication transactions. Derivative instruments are used to manage risk associated with interest rate, equity market, commodity market, credit spread, issuer default, price, and currency exchange rate risk or volatility. Replication transactions are used as an economical means to synthetically replicate the characteristics and performance of assets that are permissible investments under the Company’s investment policies. The Company also may enter into and has previously issued financial instruments and products that either are accounted for as free-standing derivatives, such as certain reinsurance contracts, or as embedded derivative instruments, such as certain GMWB riders included with certain variable annuity products.
Strategies that Qualify for Hedge Accounting
Some of theThe Company's derivatives may satisfy hedge accounting requirements as outlined in Note 1 of these financial statements. Typically, these hedging instruments include interest rate swaps and, to a lesser extent, foreign currency swaps where the terms or expected cash flows of the hedged item closely match the terms of the swap. The interest rate swaps are typically used to manage interest rate duration of certain fixed maturity securities or liability contracts. As a result of pushdown accounting, derivative instruments that qualified for hedge accounting were recorded at fair value through adjustments to additional paid in capital at the acquisition date. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the Company has no derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting. The hedge strategies by hedge accounting designation include:have previously included:
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate swaps arehave been predominantly used to manage portfolio duration and better match cash receipts from assets with cash disbursements required to fund liabilities. These derivatives primarily convertconverted interest receipts on floating-rate fixed maturity securities to fixed rates. The Company also enterspreviously entered into forward starting swap agreements to hedge the interest rate exposure related to the future purchase of fixed-rate securities, primarily to hedge interest rate risk inherent in the assumptions used to price certain product liabilities.
Foreign currency swaps arehave been used to convert foreign currency-denominated cash flows related to certain investment receipts and liability payments to U.S. dollars in order to reduce cash flow fluctuations due to changes in currency rates.
Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swaps are used to hedge the changes in fair value of fixed maturity securities due to fluctuations in interest rates. These swaps are typically used to manage interest rate duration.
Non-qualifying Strategies
Derivative relationships that do not qualify for hedge accounting (“("non-qualifying strategies”strategies") primarily include the hedge program for the Company's variable annuity products as well as the hedging and replication strategies that utilize credit default swaps. In addition, hedges of interest rate, foreign currency and equity risk of certain fixed maturities, equities and liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The non-qualifying strategies include:
Interest Rate Swaps Swaptions, and Futures
The Company uses interest rate swaps, swaptions, and futures to manage interest rate duration between assets and liabilities in certain investment portfolios. In addition, the Company enters into interest rate swaps to terminate existing swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount of interest rate swaps in offsetting relationships was $2.7$1.5 billion and $4.6$2.7 billion, respectively.
Foreign Currency Swaps and Forwards
Foreign currency forwards are used to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash and equity securities. The Company also enters into foreign currency swaps and forwards to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity investments to U.S. dollars. The Company also enters into foreign currency forwards to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash and, previously, to hedge equity securities.
Fixed Payout Annuity Hedge
The Company has obligations for certain yen denominated fixed payout annuities under an assumed reinsurance contract. The Company invests in U.S. dollar denominated assets to support the assumed reinsurance liability. The Company has in place pay U.S. dollar, receive yen swap contracts to hedge the currency and yen interest rate exposure between the U.S. dollar denominated assets and the yen denominated fixed liability reinsurance payments.
Credit Contracts
Credit default swaps are used to purchase credit protection on an individual entity or referenced index to economically hedge against default risk and credit-related changes in the value of fixed maturity securities. Credit default swaps are also used to assume credit risk related to an individual entity or referenced index as a part of replication transactions. These contracts require the Company to pay or receive a periodic fee in exchange for compensation from the counterparty should the referenced security issuers experience a credit

F- 41

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



event, as defined in the contract. The Company is also exposed to credit risk related to certain structured fixed maturity securities that have embedded credit derivatives, which reference a standard index of corporate securities. In addition, the Company enters into credit default swaps to terminate existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward.
Equity Index Swaps and Options
The Company enters into equity index options to hedge the impact of a decline in the equity markets on the investment portfolio. During 2015, theThe Company previously entered into a total return swapswaps to hedge equity risk of specific common stock investments which were accounted for using fair value option in order to align the accounting treatment within net realized capital gains (losses). The swap matured in January 2016 and the specific common stock investments were sold at that time. In addition, the Company formerly offered certain equity indexed products that remain in force, a portion of which containcontained embedded derivatives that require changes in value to be bifurcated from the host contract. The Company uses equity index swaps to economically hedge the equity volatility risk associated with the equity indexed products.
Commodity Contracts
The Company has used put option contracts on oil futures to partially offset potential losses related to certain fixed maturity securities that could be impacted by changes in oil prices. These options were terminated at the end of 2015.
GMWB Derivatives, net
The Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders. The GMWB product is a bifurcated embedded derivative (“("GMWB product derivatives”derivatives") that has a notional value equal to the GRB. The Company uses reinsurance contracts to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to GMWB. The reinsurance contracts covering GMWB (“GMWB reinsurance contracts”) are accounted for as free-standing derivatives with a notional amount equal to the GRB reinsured.
The Company utilizes derivatives (“("GMWB hedging instruments”instruments") as part of a dynamic hedging program designed to hedge a portion of the capital market risk exposures of the non-reinsured GMWB riders. The GMWB hedging instruments hedge changes in interest rates, equity market levels, and equity volatility. These derivatives include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options and futures, on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices. The following table presents notional and fair value for GMWB hedging instruments.
GMWB Hedging InstrumentsGMWB Hedging Instruments
Notional AmountFair Value
Notional Amount Fair ValueSuccessor CompanyPredecessor CompanySuccessor CompanyPredecessor Company
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015 December 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Customized swaps$5,191
$5,877
 $100
$131
$3,877
$5,023
$71
$59
Equity swaps, options, and futures1,362
1,362
 (27)2
776
1,407
(25)(31)
Interest rate swaps and futures3,703
3,740
 21
25
3,140
3,022
25
39
Total$10,256
$10,979
 $94
$158
$7,793
$9,452
$71
$67
Macro Hedge Program
The Company utilizes equity swaps, options futures, and forwardsfutures to provide partial protection against the statutory tail scenario risk arising from GMWB and the GMDB liabilities onto the Company's statutory surplus.surplus arising from higher GMWB and guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB") claims as well as lower variable annuity fee revenue. These derivatives cover some of the residual risks not otherwise covered by the dynamic hedging program.
Modified Coinsurance Reinsurance Contracts
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had approximately $875$798 and $895,$861, respectively, of invested assets supporting other policyholder funds and benefits payable reinsured under a modified coinsurance arrangement in connection with the sale of the Individual Life business, which was structured as a reinsurance transaction. The assets are primarily held in a trust established by the Company. The Company pays or receives cash quarterly to settle the operating results of the reinsured business, including the investment results. As a result of this modified coinsurance arrangement, the Company has an embedded derivative that transfers to the reinsurer certain unrealized changes in fair value of investments subject to interest rate and credit risk. The notional amount of the embedded derivative reinsurance contracts are the invested assets which are carried at fair value and support the reinsured reserves.

F- 42

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



Non-qualifying Strategies
Derivative Balance Sheet Classificationrelationships that do not qualify for hedge accounting ("non-qualifying strategies") primarily include the hedge program for the Company's variable annuity products as well as the hedging and replication strategies that utilize credit default swaps. In addition, hedges of interest rate, foreign currency and equity risk of certain fixed maturities, equities and liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting.
For reporting purposes,The non-qualifying strategies include:
Interest Rate Swaps and Futures
The Company uses interest rate swaps, and futures to manage interest rate duration between assets and liabilities in certain investment portfolios. In addition, the Company has electedenters into interest rate swaps to offset within assets or liabilities based uponterminate existing swaps, thereby offsetting the netchanges in value of the fair value amounts, income accruals,original swap. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and related2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount of interest rate swaps in offsetting relationships was $1.5 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively.
Foreign Currency Swaps and Forwards
The Company enters into foreign currency swaps to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity investments to U.S. dollars. The Company also enters into foreign currency forwards to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash collateral receivables and, payables of OTC derivative instruments executed in a legal entity and with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. previously, to hedge equity securities.
Fixed Payout Annuity Hedge
The Company has also electedobligations for certain yen denominated fixed payout annuities under an assumed reinsurance contract. The Company invests in U.S. dollar denominated assets to offset withinsupport the assumed reinsurance liability. The Company has in place pay U.S. dollar, receive yen swap contracts to hedge the currency and yen interest rate exposure between the U.S. dollar denominated assets and the yen denominated fixed liability reinsurance payments.
Credit Contracts
Credit default swaps are used to purchase credit protection on an individual entity or liabilities based upon the net of the fair value amounts, income accrualsreferenced index to economically hedge against default risk and related cash collateral receivables and payables of OTC-cleared derivative instruments based on clearing house agreements. The following fair value amounts do not include income accruals or related cash collateral receivables and payables, which are netted with derivative fair value amounts to determine balance sheet presentation. Derivativescredit-related changes in the Company’s separate accounts, wherevalue of fixed maturity securities. Credit default swaps are also used to assume credit risk related to an individual entity or referenced index as a part of replication transactions. These contracts require the associated gains and losses accrue directlyCompany to policyholders are not included in the table below. The Company’s derivative instruments are held for risk management purposes, unless otherwise noted in the following table. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and is presenteda periodic fee in exchange for compensation from the table to quantifycounterparty should the volume of the Company’s derivative activity. Notional amounts are not necessarily reflective ofreferenced security issuers experience a credit risk. The following tables exclude investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 43

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



event, as defined in the contract. In addition, the Company enters into credit default swaps to terminate existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward.
 Net Derivatives Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
 Notional Amount Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
Hedge Designation/ Derivative TypeDec 31, 2016Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2016Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2016Dec 31, 2015
Cash flow hedges            
Interest rate swaps$1,794
$1,766
 $7
 $38
 $9
$38
 $(2)$
Foreign currency swaps164
143
 (16) (19) 10
7
 (26)(26)
Total cash flow hedges1,958
1,909
 (9) 19
 19
45
 (28)(26)
Fair value hedges            
Interest rate swaps
23
 
 
 

 

Total fair value hedges
23
 
 
 

 

Non-qualifying strategies            
Interest rate contracts            
Interest rate swaps and futures2,774
4,710
 (411) (415) 249
285
 (660)(700)
Foreign exchange contracts            
Foreign currency swaps and forwards382
386
 36
 4
 36
4
 

Fixed payout annuity hedge804
1,063
 (263) (357) 

 (263)(357)
Credit contracts            
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection131
249
 (3) 10
 
12
 (3)(2)
Credit derivatives that assume credit risk [1]458
1,435
 4
 (10) 5
5
 (1)(15)
Credit derivatives in offsetting positions1,006
1,435
 (1) (1) 16
17
 (17)(18)
Equity contracts            
Equity index swaps and options100
404
 
 15
 33
41
 (33)(26)
Variable annuity hedge program            
GMWB product derivatives [2]13,114
15,099
 (241) (262) 

 (241)(262)
GMWB reinsurance contracts2,709
3,106
 73
 83
 73
83
 

GMWB hedging instruments10,256
10,979
 94
 158
 190
264
 (96)(106)
Macro hedge program6,532
4,548
 178
 147
 201
179
 (23)(32)
Other            
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts875
895
 68
 79
 68
79
 

Total non-qualifying strategies39,141
44,309
 (466) (549) 871
969
 (1,337)(1,518)
Total cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, and non-qualifying strategies$41,099
$46,241
 $(475) $(530) $890
$1,014
 $(1,365)$(1,544)
Balance Sheet Location            
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$121
$184
 $
 $(1) $
$
 $
$(1)
Other investments12,732
11,837
 235
 250
 325
360
 (90)(110)
Other liabilities11,498
15,071
 (577) (653) 424
492
 (1,001)(1,145)
Reinsurance recoverables3,584
4,000
 141
 162
 141
162
 

Other policyholder funds and benefits payable13,164
15,149
 (274) (288) 

 (274)(288)
Total derivatives$41,099
$46,241
 $(475) $(530) $890
$1,014
 $(1,365)$(1,544)
[1]The derivative instruments related to this strategy are held for other investment purposes.
[2]These derivatives are embedded within liabilities and are not held for risk management purposes.
Offsetting of Derivative Assets/LiabilitiesEquity Index Swaps and Options
The following tables presentCompany enters into equity index options to hedge the grossimpact of a decline in the equity markets on the investment portfolio. The Company previously entered into total return swaps to hedge equity risk of specific common stock investments which were accounted for using fair value amounts,option in order to align the amounts offset, andaccounting treatment within net positionrealized capital gains (losses). In addition, the Company formerly offered certain equity indexed products that remain in force, a portion of derivative instruments eligible for offsetwhich contained embedded derivatives that require changes in value to be bifurcated from the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts offset include fair value amounts, income accruals and related cash collateral receivables and payableshost contract. The Company uses equity index swaps to economically hedge the equity volatility risk associated with the equity indexed products.
GMWB Derivatives, net
The Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders. The GMWB product is a bifurcated embedded derivative ("GMWB product derivatives") that has a notional value equal to the GRB. The Company uses reinsurance contracts to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to GMWB. The reinsurance contracts covering GMWB (“GMWB reinsurance contracts”) are accounted for as free-standing derivatives with a notional amount equal to the GRB reinsured.
The Company utilizes derivatives ("GMWB hedging instruments") as part of a dynamic hedging program designed to hedge a portion of the capital market risk exposures of the non-reinsured GMWB riders. The GMWB hedging instruments that are traded under a common master netting agreement, as describedhedge changes in interest rates, equity market levels, and equity volatility. These derivatives include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options and futures, on certain indices including the preceding discussion. Also included inS&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index. The Company retains the tables are financial collateral receivablesrisk for differences between assumed and payables, which are contractually permitted to be offset upon an eventactual policyholder behavior and between the performance of default, although are disallowed for offsetting under U.S. GAAP.

F- 44

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices.
 (i)(ii)(iii) = (i) - (ii) (v) = (iii) - (iv)
   Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionCollateral Disallowed for Offset in the Statement of Financial Position 
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative Assets [1] (Liabilities) [2]Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral (Received) [3] Pledged [2]Financial Collateral (Received) Pledged [4]Net Amount
As of December 31, 2016      
Other investments$749
$588
$235
$(74)$101
$60
Other liabilities(1,091)(396)(577)(118)(655)(40)
As of December 31, 2015      
Other investments$852
$692
$250
$(90)$99
$61
Other liabilities(1,255)(499)(653)(103)(753)(3)
[1]
Included in other investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[2]
Included in other liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative receivable associated with each counterparty.
[3]
Included in other investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative payable associated with each counterparty.
[4]
Excludes collateral associated with exchange-traded derivative instruments.
Cash Flow Hedges
GMWB Hedging Instruments
 Notional AmountFair Value
 Successor CompanyPredecessor CompanySuccessor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Customized swaps$3,877
$5,023
$71
$59
Equity swaps, options, and futures776
1,407
(25)(31)
Interest rate swaps and futures3,140
3,022
25
39
Total$7,793
$9,452
$71
$67
For derivative instruments that are designatedMacro Hedge Program
The Company utilizes equity swaps, options and qualifyfutures to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk to the Company's statutory surplus arising from higher GMWB and guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB") claims as cash flow hedges, the effective portionwell as lower variable annuity fee revenue. These derivatives cover some of the gain or loss onresidual risks not otherwise covered by the derivative is reported as a component of OCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current period earnings. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.dynamic hedging program.
The following table presents the components of the gain or loss on derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges:
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective  Portion) Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income on Derivative (Ineffective Portion)
 201620152014 201620152014
Interest rate swaps$(16)$3
$34
 $
$
$2
Foreign currency swaps2

(10) 


Total$(14)$3
$24
 $
$
$2
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
  Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective  Portion)
  201620152014
Interest rate swapsNet realized capital gains (losses)$1
$(1)$(1)
Interest rate swapsNet investment income (loss)25
33
50
Foreign currency swapsNet realized capital gains (losses)(2)(9)(13)
Total $24
$23
$36
Modified Coinsurance Reinsurance Contracts
As of December 31, 2016, the before-tax deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are $13. This expectation is based on the anticipated interest payments on hedged investments in fixed maturity securities that will occur over the next twelve months, at which time the Company will recognize the deferred net gains (losses) as an adjustment to net investment income over the term of the investment cash flows. The maximum term over which the Company is hedging its exposure to the variability of future cash flows for forecasted transactions, excluding interest payments on existing variable-rate financial instruments, is approximately less than one year.
During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015,2018 (Successor Company) and 2014,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had no net reclassifications from AOCIapproximately $798 and $861, respectively, of invested assets supporting other policyholder funds and benefits payable reinsured under a modified coinsurance arrangement in connection with the sale of the Individual Life business, which was structured as a reinsurance transaction. The assets are primarily held in a trust established by the Company. The Company pays or receives cash quarterly to earnings resulting fromsettle the discontinuanceoperating results of cash-flow hedges duethe reinsured business, including the investment results. As a result of this modified coinsurance arrangement, the Company has an embedded derivative that transfers to forecasted transactions that were no longer probable of occurring.

F- 45

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



Fair Value Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify asthe reinsurer certain unrealized changes in fair value hedges,of investments subject to interest rate and credit risk. The notional amount of the gain or loss onembedded derivative reinsurance contracts are the derivatives as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged riskinvested assets which are recognized in current earnings. The Company includes the gain or loss on the derivative in the same line item as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Company recognized in income immaterial gains and (losses) for the ineffective portion ofcarried at fair value hedges related toand support the derivative instrument and the hedged item.reinsured reserves.
Non-qualifying Strategies
Derivative relationships that do not qualify for hedge accounting ("non-qualifying strategies") primarily include the hedge program for the Company's variable annuity products as well as the hedging and replication strategies that utilize credit default swaps. In addition, hedges of interest rate, foreign currency and equity risk of certain fixed maturities, equities and liabilities do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The non-qualifying strategies include:
Interest Rate Swaps and Futures
The Company uses interest rate swaps, and futures to manage interest rate duration between assets and liabilities in certain investment portfolios. In addition, the Company enters into interest rate swaps to terminate existing swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap. As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the notional amount of interest rate swaps in offsetting relationships was $1.5 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively.
Foreign Currency Swaps and Forwards
The Company enters into foreign currency swaps to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity investments to U.S. dollars. The Company also enters into foreign currency forwards to hedge non-U.S. dollar denominated cash and, previously, to hedge equity securities.
Fixed Payout Annuity Hedge
The Company has obligations for certain yen denominated fixed payout annuities under an assumed reinsurance contract. The Company invests in U.S. dollar denominated assets to support the assumed reinsurance liability. The Company has in place pay U.S. dollar, receive yen swap contracts to hedge the currency and yen interest rate exposure between the U.S. dollar denominated assets and the yen denominated fixed liability reinsurance payments.
Credit Contracts
Credit default swaps are used to purchase credit protection on an individual entity or referenced index to economically hedge against default risk and credit-related changes in the value of fixed maturity securities. Credit default swaps are also used to assume credit risk related to an individual entity or referenced index as a part of replication transactions. These contracts require the Company to pay or receive a periodic fee in exchange for compensation from the counterparty should the referenced security issuers experience a credit
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



event, as defined in the contract. In addition, the Company enters into credit default swaps to terminate existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the changes in value of the original swap going forward.
Equity Index Swaps and Options
The Company enters into equity index options to hedge the impact of a decline in the equity markets on the investment portfolio. The Company previously entered into total return swaps to hedge equity risk of specific common stock investments which were accounted for using fair value option in order to align the accounting treatment within net realized capital gains (losses). In addition, the Company formerly offered certain equity indexed products that remain in force, a portion of which contained embedded derivatives that require changes in value to be bifurcated from the host contract. The Company uses equity index swaps to economically hedge the equity volatility risk associated with the equity indexed products.
GMWB Derivatives, net
The Company formerly offered certain variable annuity products with GMWB riders. The GMWB product is a bifurcated embedded derivative ("GMWB product derivatives") that has a notional value equal to the GRB. The Company uses reinsurance contracts to transfer a portion of its risk of loss due to GMWB. The reinsurance contracts covering GMWB (“GMWB reinsurance contracts”) are accounted for as free-standing derivatives with a notional amount equal to the GRB reinsured.
The Company utilizes derivatives ("GMWB hedging instruments") as part of a dynamic hedging program designed to hedge a portion of the capital market risk exposures of the non-reinsured GMWB riders. The GMWB hedging instruments hedge changes in interest rates, equity market levels, and equity volatility. These derivatives include customized swaps, interest rate swaps and futures, and equity swaps, options and futures, on certain indices including the S&P 500 index, EAFE index and NASDAQ index. The Company retains the risk for differences between assumed and actual policyholder behavior and between the performance of the actively managed funds underlying the separate accounts and their respective indices.
GMWB Hedging Instruments
 Notional AmountFair Value
 Successor CompanyPredecessor CompanySuccessor CompanyPredecessor Company
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Customized swaps$3,877
$5,023
$71
$59
Equity swaps, options, and futures776
1,407
(25)(31)
Interest rate swaps and futures3,140
3,022
25
39
Total$7,793
$9,452
$71
$67
Macro Hedge Program
The Company utilizes equity swaps, options and futures to provide protection against the statutory tail scenario risk to the Company's statutory surplus arising from higher GMWB and guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDB") claims as well as lower variable annuity fee revenue. These derivatives cover some of the residual risks not otherwise covered by the dynamic hedging program.
Modified Coinsurance Reinsurance Contracts
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had approximately $798 and $861, respectively, of invested assets supporting other policyholder funds and benefits payable reinsured under a modified coinsurance arrangement in connection with the sale of the Individual Life business, which was structured as a reinsurance transaction. The assets are primarily held in a trust established by the Company. The Company pays or receives cash quarterly to settle the operating results of the reinsured business, including the investment results. As a result of this modified coinsurance arrangement, the Company has an embedded derivative that transfers to the reinsurer certain unrealized changes in fair value of investments subject to interest rate and credit risk. The notional amount of the embedded derivative reinsurance contracts are the invested assets which are carried at fair value and support the reinsured reserves.
Derivative Balance Sheet Classification
For reporting purposes, the Company has elected to offset within assets or liabilities based upon the net of the fair value amounts, income accruals, and related cash collateral receivables and payables of OTC derivative instruments executed in a legal entity and with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. The following fair value amounts do not include income accruals or related cash collateral receivables and payables, which are netted with derivative fair value amounts to determine balance sheet presentation. Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts, where the associated gains and losses accrue directly to policyholders are not included in the table below. The Company’s derivative instruments are held for risk
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



management purposes, unless otherwise noted in the following table. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated and is presented in the table to quantify the volume of the Company’s derivative activity. Notional amounts are not necessarily reflective of credit risk. The following tables exclude investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section of Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 Net Derivatives Asset Derivatives [1] Liability Derivatives [1]
 Notional Amount Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company Successor Company Predecessor Company Successor CompanyPredecessor Company Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Hedge Designation/ Derivative TypeDec 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2018 Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017
Cash flow hedges            
Interest rate swaps$
$1,486
 $
 $
 $
$1
 $
$(1)
Foreign currency swaps
182
 
 (12) 
5
 
(17)
Total cash flow hedges
1,668
 
 (12) 
6
 
(18)
Non-qualifying strategies            
Interest rate contracts            
Interest rate swaps and futures3,152
3,219
 (101) (356) 38
203
 (139)(559)
Foreign exchange contracts            
Foreign currency swaps and forwards225
342
 (9) (6) 7

 (16)(6)
Fixed payout annuity hedge270
540
 (82) (170) 

 (82)(170)
Credit contracts            
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection45
80
 (1) (3) 

 (1)(3)
Credit derivatives that assume credit risk [2]372
380
 3
 3
 3
3
 

Credit derivatives in offsetting positions43
200
 
 1
 5
7
 (5)(6)
Variable annuity hedge program            
GMWB product derivatives [3]9,957
11,390
 (80) (75) 

 (80)(75)
GMWB reinsurance contracts2,115
2,372
 40
 35
 40
35
 

GMWB hedging instruments7,793
9,452
 71
 67
 114
116
 (43)(49)
Macro hedge program10,765
7,252
 247
 23
 288
45
 (41)(22)
Other            
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts798
861
 12
 55
 12
55
 

Total non-qualifying strategies35,535
36,088
 100
 (426) 507
464
 (407)(890)
Total cash flow hedges and non-qualifying strategies$35,535
$37,756
 $100
 $(438) $507
$470
 $(407)$(908)
Balance Sheet Location            
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale$41
$39
 $
 $
 $
$
 $
$
Other investments11,000
10,340
 212
 135
 248
149
 (36)(14)
Other liabilities11,623
12,754
 (84) (588) 207
231
 (291)(819)
Reinsurance recoverables2,914
3,233
 52
 90
 52
90
 

Other policyholder funds and benefits payable9,957
11,390
 (80) (75) 

 (80)(75)
Total derivatives$35,535
$37,756
 $100
 $(438) $507
$470
 $(407)$(908)
[1]Certain prior year amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation for OTC-cleared derivatives.
[2]The derivative instruments related to this strategy are held for other investment purposes.
[3]These derivatives are embedded within liabilities and are not held for risk management purposes.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



Offsetting of Derivative Assets/Liabilities
The following tables present the gross fair value amounts, the amounts offset, and net position of derivative instruments eligible for offset in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts offset include fair value amounts, income accruals and related cash collateral receivables and payables associated with derivative instruments that are traded under a common master netting agreement, as described in the preceding discussion. Also included in the tables are financial collateral receivables and payables, which are contractually permitted to be offset upon an event of default, although are disallowed for offsetting under U.S. GAAP.
 (i)(ii)(iii) = (i) - (ii) (v) = (iii) - (iv)
   Net Amounts Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionCollateral Disallowed for Offset in the Statement of Financial Position 
 Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) [1]Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionDerivative Assets [2] (Liabilities) [3]Accrued Interest and Cash Collateral (Received) [3] Pledged [4]Financial Collateral (Received) [5]Net Amount
Successor Company
As of December 31, 2018      
Other investments$455
$352
$212
$(109)$65
$38
Other liabilities(327)(147)(84)(96)(178)(2)
Predecessor Company
As of December 31, 2017      
Other investments$380
$338
$135
$(93)$
$42
Other liabilities(833)(154)(588)(91)(674)(5)
[1]Certain prior year amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation for OTC-cleared derivatives.
[2]Included in other invested assets in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
[3]Included in other liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative receivable associated with each counterparty.
[4]Included in other investments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and is limited to the net derivative payable associated with each counterparty.
[5]Excludes collateral associated with exchange-traded derivative instruments.
Cash Flow Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of OCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current period earnings. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 201820172016
Interest rate swaps$
$(17)$(13)$(16)
Foreign currency swaps

4
2
Total$
$(17)$(9)$(14)
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective  Portion)
  Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
  June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 201820172016
Interest rate swapsNet realized capital gains (losses)$
$
$(1)$1
Interest rate swapsNet investment income
8
26
25
Foreign currency swapsNet realized capital gains (losses)
(2)11
(2)
Total $
$6
$36
$24
For all periods presented, the Successor and Predecessor Company had no ineffectiveness recognized in income within net realized capital gains (losses).
For all periods presented, the Successor and Predecessor Company had no net reclassifications from AOCI to earnings resulting from the discontinuance of cash-flow hedges due to forecasted transactions that were no longer probable of occurring.
Non-qualifying Strategies
For non-qualifying strategies, including embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated from their host contracts and accounted for as derivatives, the gain or loss on the derivative is recognized currently in earnings within net realized capital gains (losses). The following table presents the gain or loss recognized in income on non-qualifying strategies:
Non-qualifying Strategies
Gain (Loss) Recognized within Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
Non-qualifying Strategies
Gain (Loss) Recognized within Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
Non-qualifying Strategies
Gain (Loss) Recognized within Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)
December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
201620152014June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the year ended December 31, 2017For the year ended December 31, 2016
Variable annuity hedge program    
GMWB product derivatives$88
$(59)$(2)$(25)$82
$231
$88
GMWB reinsurance contracts(14)17
4
1
(25)(49)(14)
GMWB hedging instruments(112)(45)3
36
(45)(134)(112)
Macro hedge program(163)(46)(11)153
(36)(260)(163)
International program hedging instruments

(126)
Total variable annuity hedge program(201)(133)(132)165
(24)(212)(201)
Foreign exchange contracts    
Foreign currency swaps and forwards32
5
4
2
(3)(9)32
Fixed payout annuity hedge25
(21)(148)(15)10
4
25
Japanese fixed annuity hedging instruments

22
Total foreign exchange contracts57
(16)(122)(13)7
(5)57
Other non-qualifying derivatives    
Interest rate contracts    
Interest rate swaps, swaptions, and futures(18)(7)(6)23
(40)4
(18)
Credit contracts    
Credit derivatives that purchase credit protection(9)3
(6)
1
(12)(9)
Credit derivatives that assume credit risk15
(4)10
(1)(3)18
15
Equity contracts    
Equity index swaps and options30
19
7


3
30
Commodity contracts 
Commodity options
(5)
Other    
GMAB and GMWB reinsurance contracts

579
Modified coinsurance reinsurance contracts(12)46
395
13
32
(13)(12)
Derivative instruments formerly associated with HLIKK [1]

(2)
Total other non-qualifying derivatives(12)46
972
35
(10)
6
Total [2]$(138)$(97)$723
Total [1]$187
$(27)$(217)$(138)
[1]Excludes investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
[1] These amounts relate to the termination of the hedging program associated with the Japan variable annuity product due to the sale of HLIKK.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
[2] Excludes investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements.4. Derivatives (continued)



Credit Risk Assumed through Credit Derivatives
The Company enters into credit default swaps that assume credit risk of a single entity or referenced index in order to synthetically replicate investment transactions that would beare permissible under the Company's investment policies. The Company will receive periodic payments based on an agreed upon rate and notional amount and will only make a payment if there is a credit event. A credit event payment will typically be equal to the notional value of the swap contract less the value of the referenced security issuer’s debt obligation after the occurrence of the credit event. A credit event is generally defined as a default on contractually obligated interest or

F- 46

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



principal payments or bankruptcy of the referenced entity. The credit default swaps in which the Company assumes credit risk primarily reference investment grade single corporate issuers and baskets, which include standard diversified portfolios of corporate and CMBS issuers. The diversified portfolios of corporate issuers are established within sector concentration limits and may be divided into tranches that possess different credit ratings.
As of December 31, 2016
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
     
Underlying Referenced
Credit Obligation(s) [1]
   
Credit Derivative type by derivative risk exposure
Notional
Amount [2]
Fair
Value
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity
 Type
Average
Credit
Rating
 
Offsetting
Notional
Amount [3]
Offsetting
Fair Value [3]
Single name credit default swaps         
Investment grade risk exposure$80
$1
4 years Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov.A $
$
Basket credit default swaps [4]         
Investment grade risk exposure202
1
5 years Corporate CreditBBB+ 

Below investment grade risk exposure80
2
5 years Corporate CreditB+ 


Investment grade risk exposure12
(1)5 years CMBS CreditA- 2

Below investment grade risk exposure19
(5)Less than 1 Year CMBS CreditB- 19
5
Total [5]$393
$(2)     $21
$5
     
Underlying Referenced
Credit Obligation(s) [1]
   
Credit Derivative type by derivative risk exposure
Notional
Amount [2]
Fair
Value
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity
 Type
Average
Credit
Rating
 
Offsetting
Notional
Amount [3]
Offsetting
Fair Value [3]
Single name credit default swaps         
Investment grade risk exposure$88
$
3 years Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov.A $45
$
Below investment grade risk exposure43

1 year Corporate CreditB- 43

Basket credit default swaps [4]         
Investment grade risk exposure493
5
3 years Corporate CreditBBB+ 225
(1)
Below investment grade risk exposure22
2
4 years Corporate Credit
B 22
(2)
Investment grade risk exposure158
(2)2 years CMBS CreditAA+ 111
1
Below investment grade risk exposure57
(13)1 year CMBS CreditCCC 57
13
Embedded credit derivatives         
Investment grade risk exposure100
100
Less than 1 year Corporate CreditA+ 

Total [5]$961
$92
     $503
$11
As of December 31, 2015
As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
  
Underlying Referenced
Credit Obligation(s) [1]
    
Underlying Referenced
Credit Obligation(s) [1]
  
Credit Derivative type by derivative risk exposureNotional Amount [2]
Fair
Value
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity
 Type
Average
Credit
Rating
 Offsetting Notional Amount [3]Offsetting Fair Value [3]Notional Amount [2]
Fair
Value
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity
 Type
Average
Credit
Rating
 Offsetting Notional Amount [3]Offsetting Fair Value [3]
Single name credit default swaps      
Investment grade risk exposure$118
$
1 year Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov.BBB+ $115
$(1)$120
$3
5 years Corporate Credit/ Foreign Gov.A- $
$
Below investment grade risk exposure43
(2)2 years Corporate CreditCCC+ 43
1
43

Less than 1 Year Corporate CreditB 43

Basket credit default swaps [4]      
Investment grade risk exposure1,265
7
4 years Corporate CreditBBB+ 345
(2)250

5 years Corporate CreditBBB+ 

Below investment grade risk exposure22
2
3 years Corporate CreditB+ 22

Investment grade risk exposure503
(14)6 years CMBS CreditAAA- 141
1
15
(1)4 years CMBS CreditA 5

Below investment grade risk exposure74
(13)1 year CMBS CreditCCC 74
13
30
(5)Less than 1 Year CMBS CreditCCC 30
5
Embedded credit derivatives   
Investment grade risk exposure150
148
1 year Corporate CreditA+ 

Total [5]$2,153
$126
 $718
$12
$480
$(1) $100
$5
[1]
The average credit ratings are based on availability and are generally the midpoint of the available ratings among Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and Morningstar.Fitch. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.
[2]
Notional amount is equal to the maximum potential future loss amount. These derivatives are governed by agreements clearing house rules and applicable law which include collateral posting requirements. There is no additional specific collateral related to these contracts or recourse provisions included in the contracts to offset losses.
[3]
The Company has entered into offsetting credit default swaps to terminate certain existing credit default swaps, thereby offsetting the future changes in value of, or losses paid related to, the original swap.
[4]Includes $1.8 billion asComprised of December 31, 2016 and 2015, of notional amount on swaps of standard market indices of diversified portfolios of corporate and CMBS issuers referenced through credit default swaps. These swaps are subsequently valued based upon the observable standard market index.
[5]Excludes investments that contain an embedded credit derivative for which the Company has elected the fair value option. For further discussion, see the Fair Value Option section in Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements.Measurements of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 47

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
4. Derivatives (continued)



Derivative Collateral Arrangements
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements in connection with its derivative instruments, which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company pledged cash collateral associated with derivative instruments with a fair value of $134$2 and $173,$6, respectively, for which the collateral receivable has been primarily included withinrecorded in other investmentsassets or other liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,Sheets, as determined by the Company Company's election to offset on the balance sheet. The Company also pledged securities collateral associated with derivative instruments with a fair value of $830$191 and $873,$729, respectively, as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company) which have been included in fixed maturities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The counterparties have the right to sell or re-pledge these securities. In addition, as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company has pledged initial margin of cash and securities to clearinghouses and exchanges related to OTC-cleared and exchange traded derivatives of $85 and $136, respectively.
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company accepted cash collateral associated with derivative instruments of $333$402 and $341,$310, respectively, which was invested and recorded in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets in fixed maturities and short-term investments with corresponding amounts recorded in other investments or other liabilities as determined by the Company's election to offset on the balance sheet. The Company also accepted securities collateral as of December 31, 2016 and 20152018 (Successor Company) with a fair value of $107 and $100, respectively,$76, all of which the Company has the ability to sell or repledge $81 and $100, respectively.repledge. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,2018 (Successor Company), the Company had nonot repledged securities and did not sell any securities. In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015,The non-cash collateral accepted was held in separate custodial accounts and was not included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company did not hold any securities collateral.

F- 48

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
5. Reinsurance

The Company cedes insurance to affiliated and unaffiliated insurers to enable the Company to manage capital and risk exposure. Such arrangements do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. The Company's procedures include careful initial selection of its reinsurers, structuring agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary, andCompany regularly monitoringmonitors the financial condition and ratings of its reinsurers.reinsurers and structures agreements to provide collateral funds where necessary.
Reinsurance Recoverables
Reinsurance recoverables include balances due from reinsurance companies and are presented net of an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance. Reinsurance recoverables include an estimate of the amount of gross losses and loss adjustment expense reservespolicyholder benefits that may be ceded under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, including incurred but not reported unpaid losses. The Company’s estimate of losses and loss adjustment expense reserves ceded toagreements. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers is based on assumptions that are estimated in a manner consistent with thoseassumptions used in establishingfor the gross reserves for business ceded to the reinsurance contracts. The Company calculates its ceded reinsurance projection based on the terms of any applicable reinsurance agreements, including an estimate of how incurred but not reported losses will ultimately be ceded under reinsurance agreements.underlying policy benefits. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate of reinsurance recoverables is subject to similar risks and uncertainties as the estimate of the gross reserve for future policy benefits.
The Company's reinsurance recoverables are summarized as follows:
As of December 31,
Reinsurance Recoverables20162015Reinsurance Recoverables
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
As of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
Reserve for future policy benefits and other policyholder funds and benefits payable   
Sold businesses (MassMutual and Prudential)$19,363
$18,993
$19,354
$19,448
Commonwealth8,969

Other reinsurers1,362
1,506
1,241
1,337
Gross reinsurance recoverables$20,725
$20,499
$29,564
$20,785
As of December 31, 2016,2018, the Company has(Successor Company) had reinsurance recoverables from Commonwealth, MassMutual and Prudential of approximately $9.0 billion, $8.1 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company (Predecessor Company) had reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6$8.3 billion and $10.8 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has reinsurance recoverables from MassMutual and Prudential of $8.6 billion and $10.4$11.1 billion, respectively. The Company's obligations to its direct policyholders that have been reinsured to Commonwealth, MassMutual and Prudential are primarily secured by invested assets held in trust. Net of invested assets held in trust, as of December 31, 2016, the Company has $1.2 billion of reinsurance recoverables from Prudential representing approximately 15% of the Company's consolidated stockholder's equity. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has no other reinsurance-related concentrations of credit risk greater than 10% of the Company’s Consolidated Stockholder's Equity.
No allowance for uncollectible reinsurance is required as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company). The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance reflects management’s best estimate of reinsurance cessions that may be uncollectible in the future due to reinsurers’ unwillingness or inability to pay. The Company analyzes recent developments in commutation activity between reinsurers and cedants, recent trends in arbitration and litigation outcomes in disputes between reinsurers and cedants and the overall credit quality of the Company’s reinsurers. Based on this analysis, the Company may adjust the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance or charge off reinsurer balances that are determined to be uncollectible. Where its contracts permit, the Company secures future claim obligations with various forms of collateral, including irrevocable letters of credit, secured trusts and funds held accountsaccounts. Although management has determined that no allowance is required at this time, the Company closely monitors the financial condition, ratings and group-wide offsets.

Due to the inherent uncertainties as to collection and the lengthcurrent market information of time before reinsurance recoverables become due, it is possible that future adjustments to the Company’s reinsurance recoverables, netall of the allowance, could be required, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarter or annual period.its counterparty reinsurers.
Insurance Revenues
The effect of reinsurance on earned premiums, fee income and other is as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 201620152014
Gross earned premiums, fee income and other$2,659
$2,877
$3,228
Reinsurance assumed129
113
74
Reinsurance ceded(1,616)(1,801)(2,060)
Net earned premiums, fee income and other$1,172
$1,189
$1,242

F- 49

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
5. Reinsurance (continued)

 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the Years Ended December 31,
 20172016
Gross earned premiums, fee income and other$1,439
$1,059
$2,434
$2,659
Reinsurance assumed66
48
116
129
Reinsurance ceded(972)(684)(1,539)(1,616)
Net earned premiums, fee income and other$533
$423
$1,011
$1,172
The cost of reinsurance related to long-duration contracts is accounted for over the life of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with those used to account for the underlying policies. Insurance recoveries on ceded reinsurance agreements, which reduce death and other benefits, were $1,131, $1,094,$731 for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), $546 for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $845$1,150 and $1,131 for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 2015, and 2014,(Predecessor Company), respectively. In addition, the Company has reinsured a portion of the risk associated with U.S. variable annuities and the associated GMDB and GMWB riders.
The Company also maintains a reinsurance agreement with HLA, whereby the Company cedes both group life and group accident and health risk. Under this treaty, the Company ceded group life premium of $40, $64, and $85 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The Company ceded accident and health premiums to HLA of $86, $129, and $365 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
6. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired
Changes in the DAC balance are as follows:
Changes in the DAC Balance [1]Changes in the DAC Balance [1]
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
20162015201420172016
Balance, beginning of period$542
$521
$689
$
$405
$463
$542
Deferred costs7
7
14

1
2
7
Amortization — DAC(40)(82)(110)
(13)(51)(40)
Amortization — Unlock benefit (charge), pre-tax(74)13
(96)
(3)3
(74)
Adjustments to unrealized gains and losses on securities AFS and other28
83
24

31
(12)28
Balance, end of period$463
$542
$521
$
$421
$405
$463
[1]Effective with the application of pushdown accounting on May 31, 2018, the Company eliminated its DAC balance through a pushdown accounting adjustment. Please see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of pushdown accounting.
Changes in the VOBA Balance [1]
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
 20172016
Balance, beginning of period$805
$
$
$
Amortization(80)


Amortization — Unlock charge, pre-tax(19)


Adjustments to unrealized gains and losses on securities AFS and other10



Balance, end of period$716
$
$
$
[1]Effective with the application of pushdown accounting on May 31, 2018, the Company established its VOBA balance through a pushdown accounting adjustment. Please see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of pushdown accounting.
Expected Amortization of VOBA
Successor Company
YearsExpected Amortization
2019$23
2020$35
2021$47
2022$43
2023$41

F- 50

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
7. Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities


Changes in Reserves for future policy benefits are as follows:
 Universal Life-Type Contracts  
 GMDB/GMWB [1]Life Secondary GuaranteesTraditional Annuity and Other Contracts [2]Total
Liability balance as of January 1, 2016$863
$2,313
$10,674
$13,850
Less Shadow Reserve

(211)(211)
Liability balance as of January 1, 2016, excluding shadow reserve863
2,313
10,463
13,639
Incurred [3]37
314
671
1,022
Paid(114)
(785)(899)
Liability balance as of December 31, 2016, excluding shadow reserve786
2,627
10,349
13,762
Add Shadow Reserve

238
238
Liability balance as of December 31, 2016$786
$2,627
$10,587
$14,000
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2016$523
$2,313
$1,823
$4,659
Incurred [3]
314
(56)258
Paid(91)
(70)(161)
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2016$432
$2,627
$1,697
$4,756
Changes in Reserves for Future Policy Benefits
Successor Company
 Universal Life-Type Contracts  
 GMDB/GMWB [1]Life Secondary GuaranteesTraditional Annuity and Other Contracts [2]Total
Liability balance as of June 1, 2018 [4]$471
$3,057
$14,529
$18,057
Incurred [3]48
250
566
864
Paid(57)(31)(510)(598)
Liability balance as of December 31, 2018$462
$3,276
$14,585
$18,323
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of June 1, 2018 [4]$294
$3,057
$1,964
$5,315
Incurred [3]36
250
3,192
3,478
Paid(46)(31)(184)(261)
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2018$284
$3,276
$4,972
$8,532
 Universal Life-Type Contracts  
 GMDB/GMWB [1]Life Secondary GuaranteesTraditional Annuity and Other Contracts [2]Total Future Policy Benefits
Liability balance as of January 1, 2015$812
$2,041
$10,771
$13,624
Less Shadow Reserve

(265)(265)
Liability balance as of January 1, 2015, excluding shadow reserve812
2,041
10,506
13,359
Incurred [3]163
272
741
1,176
Paid(112)
(784)(896)
Liability balance as of December 31, 2015, excluding shadow reserve863
2,313
10,463
13,639
Add Shadow Reserve

211
211
Liability balance as of December 31, 2015$863
$2,313
$10,674
$13,850
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2015$480
$2,041
$1,795
$4,316
Incurred [3]132
272
107
511
Paid(89)
(79)(168)
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2015$523
$2,313
$1,823
$4,659
Predecessor Company
 Universal Life-Type Contracts  
 GMDB/GMWB [1]
Universal Life Secondary
Guarantees
Traditional Annuity and Other Contracts [2]Total Future Policy Benefits
Liability balance as of January 1, 2018$873
$2,940
$10,669
$14,482
Incurred [3]56
117
229
402
Paid(45)
(326)(371)
Change in unrealized investment gains and losses

(205)(205)
Liability balance as of May 31, 2018$884
$3,057
$10,367
$14,308
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2018$464
$2,940
$1,742
$5,146
Incurred [3]36
117
(25)128
Paid(37)
(24)(61)
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of May 31, 2018$463
$3,057
$1,693
$5,213
Predecessor Company
 Universal Life-Type Contracts  
 GMDB/GMWB [1]Life Secondary GuaranteesTraditional Annuity and Other Contracts [2]Total Future Policy Benefits
Liability balance as of January 1, 2017$786
$2,627
$10,587
$14,000
Incurred [3]185
313
777
1,275
Paid(98)
(787)(885)
Change in unrealized investment gains and losses

92
92
Liability balance as of December 31, 2017$873
$2,940
$10,669
$14,482
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of January 1, 2017$432
$2,627
$1,697
$4,756
Incurred [3]113
313
108
534
Paid(81)
(63)(144)
Reinsurance recoverable asset, as of December 31, 2017$464
$2,940
$1,742
$5,146
[1]These liability balances include all GMDB benefits, plus the life-contingent portion of GMWB benefits in excess of the return of the GRB. GMWB benefits that make up a shortfall between the account value andto the GRB are embedded derivatives held at fair value and are excluded from these balances.
[2]Represents life-contingent reserves for which the company is subject to insurance and investment risk.
[3]Includes the portion of assessments established as additions to reserves as well as changes in estimates affecting the reserves.

[4] For additional information regarding the June 1, 2018 valuations, please see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of pushdown accounting.


F- 51

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
7. Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities (continued)

The following table provides details concerning GMDB/GMWB exposure as of December 31, 2016:
Account Value by GMDB/GMWB Type
Maximum anniversary value (“MAV”) [1]
Account
Value
(“AV”) [8]
Net amount
at Risk
(“NAR”) [9]
Retained Net
Amount
at Risk
(“RNAR”) [9]
Weighted Average
Attained Age of
Annuitant
Account Value by GMDB/GMWB Type as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)Account Value by GMDB/GMWB Type as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Account
Value
(“AV”) [9]
Net amount
at Risk
(“NAR”) [10]
Retained Net
Amount
at Risk
(“RNAR”) [10]
Weighted Average
Attained Age of
Annuitant
MAV [1]  
MAV only$13,565
$2,285
$350
71$11,460
$2,543
$516
72
With 5% rollup [2]1,156
187
60
71942
177
68
72
With Earnings Protection Benefit Rider (“EPB”) [3]3,436
464
75
702,899
452
76
72
With 5% rollup & EPB467
102
22
73400
92
20
74
Total MAV18,624
3,038
507
 15,701
3,264
680
 
Asset Protection Benefit ("APB") [4]10,438
172
114
697,958
676
447
70
Lifetime Income Benefit ("LIB") – Death Benefit [5]464
6
6
70362
8
8
72
Reset [6] (5-7 years)2,406
13
12
702,105
10
9
71
Return of Premium ("ROP") [7] /Other8,766
69
65
695,654
76
73
72
Subtotal Variable Annuity with GMDB/GMWB [10]$40,698
$3,298
$704
70
Less: General Account Value with GMDB/GMWB3,773
  
Subtotal Separate Account Liabilities with GMDB36,925
  
Separate Account Liabilities without GMDB78,740
  
Variable Annuity without GMDB [8]1,846


68
Subtotal Variable Annuity [11]$33,626
$4,034
$1,217
71
Less: General Account Value3,387
  
Subtotal Variable Annuity Separate Account Liabilities30,239
  
Separate Account Liabilities - Other68,575
  
Total Separate Account Liabilities$115,665
  $98,814
  
[1]MAV GMDB is the greatest of current AV, net premiums paid and the highest AV on any anniversary before age 80 years (adjusted for withdrawals).
[2]Rollup GMDB is the greatest of the MAV, current AV, net premium paid and premiums (adjusted for withdrawals) accumulated at generally 5% simple interest up to the earlier of age 80 years or 100% of adjusted premiums.
[3]EPB GMDB is the greatest of the MAV, current AV, or contract value plus a percentage of the contract’s growth. The contract’s growth is AV less premiums net of withdrawals, subject to a cap of 200% of premiums net withdrawals.
[4]APB GMDB is the greater of current AV or MAV, not to exceed current AV plus 25% times the greater of net premiums and MAV (each adjusted for premiums in the past 12 months).
[5]LIB GMDB is the greatest of current AV; net premiums paid; or, for certain contracts, a benefit amount generally based on market performance that ratchets over time.
[6]Reset GMDB is the greatest of current AV, net premiums paid and the most recent five to seven year anniversary AV before age 80 years (adjusted for withdrawals).
[7]ROP GMDB is the greater of current AV and net premiums paid.
[8]Includes account value for contracts that had a GMDB at issue but no longer have a GMDB due to certain elections made by policyholders or their beneficiaries.
[9]AV includes the contract holder’s investment in the separate account and the general account.
[9]10]NAR is defined as the guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current AV. RNAR represents NAR reduced for reinsurance. NAR and RNAR are highly sensitive to equity market movements and increase when equity markets decline.
[10]11]Some variable annuity contracts with GMDB also have a life-contingent GMWB that may provide for benefits in excess of the return of the GRB. Such contracts included in this amount have $6.4$5.0 billion of total account value and weighted average attained age of 7274 years. There is no NAR or retained NAR related to these contracts.
The account balances of contracts with guarantees were invested in variable separate accounts as follows:TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
7. Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Separate Account Liabilities (continued)

Account Balance Breakdown of Variable Separate Account InvestmentsAccount Balance Breakdown of Variable Separate Account Investments
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Asset typeDecember 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Equity securities (including mutual funds)$33,880
$36,970
$28,953
$34,496
Cash and cash equivalents3,045
3,453
Total$36,925
$40,423
Cash and cash equivalents [1]1,286
2,712
Total [2]$30,239
$37,208
[1]The Company has historically presented Cash and cash equivalents using a returns-based regression analysis. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Cash and cash equivalents represent an allocation of the portfolio holdings.
[2]Includes $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion of account value as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) for contracts without a GMDB due to certain elections made by policyholders or their beneficiaries.
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 20152017 (Predecessor Company), approximately 16%20% and 17%15% of the equity securities (including mutual funds), in the preceding table were funds invested in fixed income securities and approximately 84%80% and 83%85% were funds invested in equity securities.
For further information on guaranteed living benefits that are accounted for at fair value, such as GMWB, see Note 2 - Fair Value Measurements of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 52

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
8. Debt

Other Intangible Assets

Other Intangible Assets
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
 Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountWeighted Average Expected Life
Amortized Intangible Assets [1]$29
$4
$25
5
Total Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [2]26

26

Total Other Intangible Assets$55
$4
$51
5
[1]Consist of internally developed software
[2]Consist of state insurance licenses.
Expected Pre-tax Amortization Expense
Successor Company
YearsExpected Future Amortization
2019$6
2020$6
2021$6
2022$6
2023$1
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
9. Debt

Collateralized Advances
The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”). Membership allows the Company access to collateralized advances, which may be used to support various spread-based business and enhance liquidity management. FHLBB membership requires the company to own member stock and advances require the purchase of activity stock. The amount of advances that can be taken are dependent on the asset types pledged to secure the advances. The CTDOIConnecticut Insurance Department ("CTDOI") will permit the Company to pledge up to $1.1approximately $1.2 billion in qualifying assets to secure FHLBB advances for 2017.2019. The pledge limit is recalculated annually based on statutory admitted assets and capital and surplus. The Company would need to seek the prior approval of the CTDOI in order to exceed these limits. As of December 31, 2016,2018, the Company had no advances outstanding under the FHLBB facility.

F- 53

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
9.10. Income Taxes


The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following:
Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
For the years ended December 31,June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
20162015201420172016
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)    
Current - U.S. Federal$2
$36
$(339)$(15)$1
$4
$2
Deferred - U.S. Federal72
(6)523
74
6
418
72
Total income tax expense$74
$30
$184
$59
$7
$422
$74
Deferred tax assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets represent the tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) include the following:
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
Deferred Tax AssetsAs of December 31, 2018As of December 31, 2017
 Tax basis deferred policy acquisition costs$40
$60
 Unearned premium reserve and other underwriting related reserves4
4
 Financial statement DAC, VOBA and reserves538
39
 Investment-related items
155
 Insurance product derivatives
12
 Net operating loss carryover206
681
 Employee benefits4

 Foreign tax credit carryover6
23
 Net unrealized loss on investments48

 Deferred reinsurance gain224

 Other12
29
Total Deferred Tax Assets1,082
1,003
Deferred Tax Liabilities  
 Investment related items(113)
 Net unrealized gains on investments
(398)
 Employee benefits
(49)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities(113)(447)
Net Deferred Tax Assets$969
$556
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10. Income Taxes (continued)

Due to the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company will be part of The Hartford’s consolidated tax return for the period January 1, 2018 through May 31, 2018. The Company’s tax liability for this period is an allocable portion of The Hartford’s consolidated liability, and is computed in accordance with a written agreement with The Hartford. For the of period June 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 the Company will file a separate consolidated return and stand alone federal income tax returns for the members noted below:
 As of December 31,
Deferred Tax Assets20162015
Tax basis deferred policy acquisition costs$101
$119
Unearned premium reserve and other underwriting related reserves6
4
Financial statement deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves32

Investment-related items135
524
Insurance product derivatives79
90
Net operating loss carryover1,155
1,166
Alternative minimum tax credit232
232
Foreign tax credit carryover40
122
Other191
16
Total Deferred Tax Assets1,971
2,273
Net Deferred Tax Assets1,971
2,273
Deferred Tax Liabilities  
Financial statement deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves
(220)
Net unrealized gain on investments(480)(432)
Employee benefits(54)(40)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities(534)(692)
Net Deferred Tax Assets$1,437
$1,581
Talcott
Resolution
Life Insurance Company
Talcott Resolution Life and Annuity Insurance CompanyAmerican Maturity Life Insurance CompanyTalcott Resolution International Life Reassurance Company
Talcott
Resolution Distribution Company
Talcott Resolution Comprehensive Employee Benefit Service Company
Consolidated Federal Tax Return
Stand Alone Federal Tax Return
The federal audits have been completed through 2013 and the Company is not currently under examination for any open years. Management believes that adequate provision has been made in the consolidated financial statements for any potential adjustments that may result from tax examinations and other tax-related matters for all open tax years. For the periods ending December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), and December 31, 2017 and May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company), the Company had no reserves for uncertain tax positions. At December 31, 2018, there was no unrecognized tax benefit that if recognized would affect the effective tax rate and that is reasonably possible of significantly increasing or decreasing within the next 12 months.
The Company has a currentclassifies interest and penalties (if applicable) as income tax receivableexpense in the consolidated financial statements. The Company recognized no interest expense for the period of $64June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $276for the year ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company). The Company had no interest payable as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015, respectively.December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company). The Company does not believe it would be subject to any penalties in any open tax years and, therefore, has not recorded any accrual for penalties.
UnderThe application of purchase and pushdown accounting resulted in market value adjustments to the Company’s assets and liabilities, which resulted in a separate entity approach, no currentcorresponding increase in the Company’s deferred tax benefits would have been requiredasset. For further information, see Note 1- Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to be recorded to equity in 2016, 2015, or 2014.Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company believes it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets will be fully realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considered future taxable temporary difference reversals, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryovers, taxable income in open carry back years and other tax planning strategies. From time to time, tax planning strategies could include holding a portion of debt securities with market value losses until recovery, altering the level of tax exempt securities held, making investments which have specific tax characteristics and business considerations such as asset-liability matching.
Net deferred income taxes include the future tax benefits associated with the net operating loss carryover alternative minimum tax credit carryover and foreign tax credit carryover as follows:
Net Operating Loss Carryover
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,2017 (Predecessor Company), the net deferred tax asset included the expected tax benefit attributable to net operating losses of $3,301$982 and $3,333,$3,243, respectively. The December 31, 2018 total includes $596 of U.S. losses generated prior to 2017 that are subject to limits on the period for which they can be carried forward. If unutilized, $3,299 of thenot utilized, these losses will expire from 2023-2029.2027 to 2030. Utilization of these loss carryovers is dependent upon the generation of sufficient future taxable income. The December 31, 2018 total also includes $386 of U.S. losses generated in the Successor Company's taxable year beginning June 1, 2018; primarily due to the Commonwealth Annuity Reinsurance Agreement. These losses do not expire, but their utilization in any carryforward year is limited to 80% of taxable income in that year.

F- 54

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
9.10. Income Taxes (continued)

Most of the net operating loss carryover originated from the Company's U.S. annuity business, including from the hedging program. Given the continued runoffrun off of the U.S. fixed and variable annuity business, the exposure to taxable losses is significantly lessened. Accordingly,lessened, and given the Company's expected future ultimate parent's consolidated group earnings, the Company believes sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future to utilize its net operating loss carryover. Although the Company believes there will be sufficient future taxable income to fully recover the remainder of the loss carryover, the Company's estimate of the likely realization may change over time. In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company has forgone approximately $555 of deferred tax assets associated with net operating loss carryovers that were retained by The Hartford.
Alternative Minimum Tax Credit and Foreign Tax Credit Carryover
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015,December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the net deferred tax asset included the expected tax benefit attributable to foreign tax credit carryovers of $6 and $23, respectively. In connection with the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Company has forgone approximately $23 of deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credit carryovers that were retained by The Hartford.
Alternative Minimum Tax Credit
As of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company), the Company had an alternative minimum tax credit ("AMT") carryover, net of $232a sequestration fee payable, of $0 and $232 and foreign tax credit carryover of $40 and $122 respectively. The alternative minimum tax credits have no expiration date and the foreign tax credit carryover expire from 2020 to 2024. These credits are available to offset regular federal income taxes from future taxable income and although the Company believes there will be sufficient future regular federal taxable income, there can be no certainty that future events will not affect the ability to utilize the credits. Additionally, the use of the foreign tax credits generally depends on the generation of sufficient taxable income to first utilize all of the U.S. net operating loss carryover. However, the Company has identified and purchased certain investments$235, respectively, which allow for utilization of the foreign tax credits without first using the net operating loss carryover. Consequently, the Company believes it is more likely than not the foreign tax credit carryover will be fully realized. Accordingly, no valuation allowance has been provided on either the alternative minimum tax carryover or foreign tax credit carryover.
The Company or one or more of its subsidiaries filesreflected as a current income tax returnsreceivable within Other assets in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The federal audit of the years 2012 and 2013 began in March 2015 and is expected to be completed in 2017. Management believes that adequate provision has been made in the financial statements for any potential assessments that may result from tax examinations and other tax-related matters for all open tax years.
The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits are settledaccompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with the parent consistent with the terms of a tax sharing agreement.Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflects a $36 net reduction in the provision for income taxes from intercompany tax settlements.Hartford retained all AMT credits.
A reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows:
For the years ended December 31,Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
201620152014June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate$125
$186
$301
Dividends received deduction ("DRD")(76)(152)(109)
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 201820172016
Tax provision at U.S. Federal statutory rate$132
$125
Dividends received deduction(37)(12)(102)(76)
Foreign related investments(7)(3)(8)(4)(3)(7)(7)
IRS audit adjustments31


Valuation allowance


31
Tax reform
(2)396

Other1
(1)
2
3
3
1
Provision for income taxes$74
$30
$184
$59
$7
$422
$74
The separate account DRD is estimated for the current year using information from the most recent return, adjusted for current year equity market performance and other appropriate factors, including estimated levels of corporate dividend payments and level of policy owner equity account balances. The actual current year DRD can vary from estimates based on, but not limited to, changes in eligible dividends received in the mutual funds, amounts of distributions from these mutual funds, amounts of short-term capital gains at the mutual fund level and the Company’s taxable income before the DRD. The Company evaluates its DRD computations on a quarterly basis.

F- 55

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10.11. Commitments and Contingencies



Contingencies Relating to Corporate Litigation and Regulatory Matters
Management evaluates each contingent matter separately. A loss is recorded if probable and reasonably estimable. Management establishes reserves for these contingencies at its “best estimate,” or, if no one number within the range of possible losses is more probable than any other, the Company records an estimated liability at the low end of the range of losses.
Litigation
The Company is involved in claims litigation arising in the ordinary course of business with respect to life disability and accidental death and dismemberment insurance policies and with respect to annuity contracts. The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of reserves for future policy benefits. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

The Company is also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. Such actions have alleged, for example, bad faith in the handling of insurance claims and improper sales practices in connection with the sale of insurance and investment products. Some of these actions also seek punitive damages. Management expects that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such lawsuits, after consideration of provisions made for estimated losses, will not be material to the consolidated financial condition of the Company. Nonetheless, given the large or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these actions, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

Lease Commitments
The rent paid to Hartford Fire Insurance Company ("Hartford Fire") for operating leases was $1 for the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company), $1 for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $2, $9 and $72 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 20152017 and 20142016 (Predecessor Company), respectively. Future minimum lease commitments as of December 31, 2016 are immaterial.
 Operating Leases
2019$2
20202
20211
20221
20231
Thereafter
Total minimum lease payments$7
Unfunded Commitments
As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company), the Company has outstanding commitments totaling $645577, of which $497478 is committed to fund limited partnership and other alternative investments, which may be called by the partnership during the commitment period to fund the purchase of new investments and partnership expenses. Additionally, $10642 of the outstanding commitments relate to various funding obligations associated with private placementdebt and equity securities. The remaining outstanding commitments of $42$57 relate to mortgage loansloans. Of the $577 in total outstanding commitments, $18 are related to mortgage loan commitments which the Company is expecting to fund in the first half of 2017.can cancel unconditionally.
Guaranty Fund and Other Insurance-related Assessments
In all states, insurers licensed to transact certain classes of insurance are required to become members of a guaranty fund. In most states, in the event of the insolvency of an insurer writing any such class of insurance in the state, members of the funds are assessed to pay certain claims of the insolvent insurer. A particular state’s fund assesses its members based on their respective written premiums in the state for the classes of insurance in which the insolvent insurer was engaged. Assessments are generally limited for any year to one or two percent of premiums written per year depending on the state.
Liabilities for guaranty funds and other insurance-related assessments are accrued when an assessment is probable, when it can be reasonably estimated, and when the event obligating the Company to pay an imposed or probable assessment has occurred. Liabilities for guaranty funds and other insurance-related assessments are not discounted and are included as part of other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) the liability balance was $8 and $15, respectively.$8. As of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015 was $15 and $27, respectively,December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company) amounts related to premium tax offsets wasof $4 and $11, respectively, were included in other assets.

F- 56

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
10.11. Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

Derivative Commitments
Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain provisions that are tied to the financial strength ratings, as set by nationally recognized statistical agencies or risked-based capital ("RBC") tests, of the individual legal entity that entered into the derivative agreement. If the legal entity’s financial strength were to fall below certain ratings,thresholds, the counterparties to the derivative agreements could demand immediate and ongoing full collateralization and in certain instances enable the counterparties to terminate the agreements and demand immediate settlement of all outstanding derivative positions traded under each impacted bilateral agreement. The settlement amount is determined by netting the derivative positions transacted under each agreement. If the termination rights were to be exercised by the counterparties, it could impact the legal entity’s ability to conduct hedging activities by increasing the associated costs and decreasing the willingness of counterparties to transact with the legal entity. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position as of December 31, 2016, was $794.2018 (Successor Company) is $181. Of this $794$181 the legal entities have posted collateral of $939$190, which is inclusive of initial margin requirements, in the normal course of business. In addition, the Company has posted collateral of $31$29 associated with a customized GMWB derivative. Based on derivative market values as of December 31, 2016, a downgrade of one or two levels below the current financial strength ratings by either Moody’s or S&P would not require additional assets to be posted as collateral. These collateral amounts could change as derivative market values change, as a result of changes in our hedging activities or to the extent changes in contractual terms are negotiated. The nature of the collateral that we post, when required, iswould be primarily in the form of U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury notes and government agency securities.

F- 57

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11.12. Transactions with Affiliates



Parent Company Transactions (Successor Company)
At December 31, 2018, the Company had no direct employees. The Company's operations are managed by employees of its parent, TLI, and the costs of these services are allocated to the Company through an intercompany services and cost allocation agreement.
Parent Company Transactions (Predecessor Company)
Transactions of the Company with Hartford Fire, Insurance Company ("Hartford Fire"), Hartford Holdings Inc. ("HHI")HHI and its affiliates relaterelated principally to tax settlements, reinsurance, insurance coverage, rental and service fees, payment of dividends and capital contributions, and employee costs. In addition, the Company hashad issued structured settlement contracts to fund claims settlements of property casualty insurance companies and self -insuredself-insured entities. In many cases, the structured settlement contracts arewere to fund claim settlements of the Company's affiliated property and casualty companies whereby these property and casualty companies transferred funds to another affiliate of the Company to purchase the contracts. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $53 and $53, respectively, of reserves for claim annuities purchased by affiliated entities. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded earned premiums of $4, $3, and $3 for these intercompany claim annuities. Under some of the structured settlement agreements, the claimants have released The Hartford's property and casualty subsidiaries of their primary claim obligation. Reserves for annuities issued by the Company to The Hartford's property and casualty subsidiaries to fund structured settlement payments where the claimant hashave not released The Hartford's property and casualty subsidiaries of their primary obligation totaled $711 and $746$682 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.2017 (Predecessor Company).
SubstantiallyPrior to the sale of the Company, substantially all general insurance expenses related to the Company including rent and employee benefit plan expenses arewere initially paid by The Hartford. Expenses arewere allocated to the Company using specific identification if available, or other applicable methods, that would include a blend of revenue, expense and capital.
The Hartford Life Insurance Company has(Predecessor Company) issued a guarantee to retirees and vested terminated employees (“Retirees”) of The Hartford Retirement Plan for U.S. Employees (“the Plan”(the "Plan") who retired or terminated prior to January 1, 2004.2004 (the "Retirees"). The Plan iswas sponsored by The Hartford. The guarantee is an irrevocablewas a commitment to pay all accrued benefits which the Retiree or the Retiree’s designated beneficiary iswas entitled to receive under the Plan in the event the Plan assets arewere insufficient to fund those benefits and The Hartford iswas unable to provide sufficient assets to fund those benefits. In June 2017, The Hartford purchased a group annuity contract with The Prudential Insurance Company believes thatof America and settled a portion of The Hartford's benefit obligation, which included, among others, the likelihood that payments will be required underRetirees. With the purchase of this guarantee is remote.group annuity contract, The Hartford transferred its responsibility for the Retirees' pension benefits to The Prudential Insurance Company of America, thereby causing the Plan to have no further liability with respect to any and all of the benefits of the Retirees. Accordingly, the discharge of the underlying pension obligation extinguished the Company's guarantee.
In 1990, Hartford Fire guaranteed the obligations of the Company with respect to life, accident and health insurance and annuity contracts issued after January 1, 1990. The guarantee was issued to provide an increased level of security to potential purchasers of the Company's products. Although the guarantee was terminated in 1997, it still covers policies that were issued from 1990 to 1997. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,2017, no recoverables have beenwere recorded for this guarantee, as the Company was able to meet these policyholder obligations.
Reinsurance Assumed fromCeded to Affiliates (Predecessor Company)
The Company maintains a reinsurance agreement with Hartford Life and HLAI formerly reinsured certain fixed annuity products and variable annuity product GMDB, GMIB, GMWB and GMAB riders from HLIKK, a former Japanese affiliate that was sold on June 30, 2014 to ORIX LifeAccident Insurance Corporation. Concurrent with the sale, HLIKK recaptured certain risks that had been reinsured toCompany ("HLA") whereby the Company cedes both group life and HLAI by terminating or modifying intercompany agreements. As a result,group and individual accident and health risk. Under this agreement, the Company recognized a loss on this recaptureceded group life premium of $213 in 2014. Upon closing, HLIKK is responsible$9 for all liabilitiesthe period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $27 and $40 for the recaptured business.
HLAI continues to provide reinsurance for yen denominated fixed payout annuities approximating $487 and $619 as ofyears ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively. The Company ceded accident and 2015,health premiums to HLA of $25 for the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) and $70 and $86 for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Reinsurance Ceded to Affiliates
Effective August 1, 2016, the Company recaptured a reinsurance agreement with HLA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Hartford Life, Inc. whereby the Company had ceded a single group annuity contract to HLA under a 100% quota share agreement. As a result of this recapture, the Company received a return of premium of $90 and increased reserves by $63 resulting in a recognized pre-tax gain of approximately $27.
The Company also maintains a reinsurance agreement with Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company ("HLA"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hartford Life, Inc., whereby the Company cedes both group life and group accident and health risk. Under this treaty, the Company ceded group life premium of $40, $64, and $85 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The Company ceded accident and health premiums to HLA of $86, $129, and $365 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Effective April 1, 2014, HLAI, terminated its modco and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement with WRR, following receipt of approval from the CTDOI and Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. As a result, the Company recognized a gain of $213 in the year ended December 31, 2014 resulting from the termination of derivatives associated with the reinsurance transaction.

F- 58

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
11. Transactions with Affiliates (continued)

The impact of the modco and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance agreement with WRR on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations prior to termination in 2014 was as follows:
 For the Year Ended December 31,
 2014
Earned premiums$(5)
Net realized losses [1](103)
Total revenues(108)
Benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses(1)
Insurance operating costs and other expenses(4)
Total expenses(5)
Loss before income taxes(103)
Income tax benefit(36)
Net loss$(67)
[1]Amounts represent the change in valuation of the derivative associated with this transaction.

F- 59

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
12.13. Statutory Results


The domestic insurance subsidiaries of the Company prepare their statutory financial statements in conformity with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the applicable state insurance department which vary materially from U.S. GAAP. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”("NAIC"), as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. The differences between statutory financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP vary between domestic and foreign jurisdictions. The principal differences are that statutory financial statements do not reflect deferred policy acquisition and value of business acquired costs and limit deferred income taxes, predominately use interest rate and mortality assumptions prescribed by the NAIC for life benefit reserves, generally carry bonds at amortized cost and present reinsurance assets and liabilities net of reinsurance. For reporting purposes, statutory capital and surplus is referred to collectively as "statutory capital".
Statutory net income and statutory capital are as follows:
 For the years ended December 31,
 201620152014
Combined statutory net income$349
$371
$132
Statutory capital$4,398
$4,939
$5,564
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the years ended December 31,
 20172016
Combined statutory net income (loss)$(126)$181
$369
$349
 Successor CompanyPredecessor Company
 As of December 31,As of December 31,
 20182017
Statutory capital [1]$3,713
$3,552
[1]The Company relies upon a prescribed practice allowed by Connecticut state laws that allow the Company to receive a reinsurance reserve credit for reinsurance treaties that provide for a limited right of unilateral cancellation by the reinsurer. The benefit from this prescribed practice is approximately $135 and $174 as of December 31, 2018 (Successor Company) and 2017 (Predecessor Company), respectively.
Statutory accounting practices do not consolidate the net income (loss) of subsidiaries that report under U.S. GAAP. The combined statutory net income above represents the total statutory net income of the Company, and its other insurance subsidiaries.
Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company's U.S. insurance companies' states of domicile impose risk-based capital (“RBC”("RBC") requirements. The requirements provide a means of measuring the minimum amount of statutory capital appropriate for an insurance company to support its overall business operations based on its size and risk profile. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of a company's total adjusted capital (“TAC”("TAC") to its authorized control level RBC (“("ACL RBC”RBC"). Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The minimum level of TAC before corrective action commences (“("Company Action Level”Level") is two times the ACL RBC. The adequacy of a company's capital is determined by the ratio of a company's TAC to its Company Action Level, known as the "RBC ratio". The Company and all of its operating insurance subsidiaries had RBC ratios in excess of the minimum levels required by the applicable insurance regulations. The RBC ratios for the Company and its principal life insurance operating subsidiaries were all in excess of 400%300% of their Company Action Levels as of December 31, 20162018 (Successor Company) and 2015.2017 (Predecessor Company). The reporting of RBC ratios is not intended for the purpose of ranking any insurance company, or for use in connection with any marketing, advertising ofor promotional activities.
Dividends and Capital Contributions
Dividends to the Company from its insurance subsidiaries are restricted, as is the ability ofand dividends from the Company to pay dividends to its parent company. Future dividend decisions will be based on, and affectedare restricted by a number of factors, including the operating results and financial requirements of the Company on a stand-alone basis and the impact of regulatory restrictions.
insurance regulation. The payment of dividends by Connecticut-domiciled insurers is limited under the insurance holding company laws of Connecticut. These laws require notice to and approval by the state insurance commissioner for the declaration or payment of any dividend, which, together with other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (i) 10% of the insurer’s policyholder surplus as of December 31 of the preceding year or (ii) net income (or net gain from operations)operations, if such company is a life insurance company) for the twelve-month period ending on the thirty-first day of December last preceding, in each case determined under statutory insurance accounting principles. In addition, if any dividend of a Connecticut-domicileddomiciled insurer exceeds the insurer’s earned surplus itor certain other thresholds as calculated under applicable state insurance law, the dividend requires the prior approval of the CTDOI.
domestic regulator. In 2016, HLAI paidaddition to statutory limitations on paying dividends, of $750 to the Company which were subsequently paidalso takes other items into consideration when determining dividends from subsidiaries. These considerations include, but are not limited to, expected earnings and capitalization of the Company's parent.
In 2017,subsidiary, regulatory capital requirements and liquidity requirements of the individual operating company. As a condition of the sale, Talcott Resolution Life Insurance Company is permittedand its affiliates are required to pay up to a maximum of $1 billion in dividends and the Company 's subsidiaries are permitted to pay up to a maximum of approximately $345 in dividends without prior approvalgain pre-approval from the applicablestate insurance commissioner. However, to meet the liquidity needed to paycommissioner for any dividends, up to the HFSG Holding Company, the Company may require receiving regulatory approval for extraordinary dividends from HLAI. On January 30, 2017, HLAI paid a dividendregardless of $300 to the Company which was subsequently paid as a dividend to the Company's parent.size, through May 31, 2020.
The Company anticipates paying an additional $300 dividends to its parent during 2017.
Year Ended December 31, 2015
In 2015 the Company paid dividends of approximately $1.0 billion to its parent, based on the approval of the CTDOI.

HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
12. Statutory Results (continued)

The Company’s subsidiaries were permitted to pay up to a maximum of approximately $415 in dividends without prior approval from the applicable insurance commissioner. On January 29, 2016, Hartford Life and Annuity paid an extraordinary dividend of $500 to the Company which was subsequently paid as an extraordinary dividend to HLI.

F- 61

HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
13. Statutory Results (continued)

Prior to the close of the Talcott Resolution Sale Transaction, the Hartford Life Insurance Company (Predecessor Company) paid approximately $619 in dividends to its parent and subsequently to The Hartford. TL, formerly known as Hartford Life Insurance Company, contributed $309 and TLA, formally known as Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company, contributed $308 including other intercompany transactions net settled between TL and The Hartford prior to closing.
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
14. Changes in and Reclassifications From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income


Changes in AOCI, net of tax, by component consist of the following:
For the year ended December 31, 2016
Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)
Changes inChanges in
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Beginning balance$539
$57
$(3)$593
$
$
$
$
OCI before reclassifications212
(9)
203
(198)
2
(196)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(58)(16)
(74)25


25
OCI, net of tax154
(25)
129
(173)
2
(171)
Ending balance$693
$32
$(3)$722
$(173)$
$2
$(171)
For the year ended December 31, 2015
Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)
Changes inChanges in
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Beginning balance$1,154
$70
$(3)$1,221
$1,022
$4
$(3)$1,023
Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax [1]182


182
Adjusted balance, beginning of period1,204
4
(3)1,205
OCI before reclassifications(633)2

(631)(432)(13)1
(444)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI18
(15)
3
2
(5)
(3)
OCI, net of tax(615)(13)
(628)(430)(18)1
(447)
Ending balance$539
$57
$(3)$593
$774
$(14)$(2)$758
[1]Includes reclassification to retained earnings of $193 of stranded tax effects and $11 of net unrealized gains, after tax, related to equity securities. Refer to Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for further information.
For the year ended December 31, 2014
Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 (Predecessor Company)
Changes inChanges in
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Beginning balance$495
$79
$
$574
$693
$32
$(3)$722
OCI before reclassifications660
14
(3)671
428
(5)
423
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(1)(23)
(24)(99)(23)
(122)
OCI, net of tax659
(9)(3)647
329
(28)
301
Ending balance$1,154
$70
$(3)$1,221
$1,022
$4
$(3)$1,023
F- 62

Table of Contents
Changes in AOCI, Net of Tax for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (Predecessor Company)
 Changes in
 Net Unrealized Gain on SecuritiesNet Gain on Cash Flow Hedging InstrumentsForeign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI,
net of tax
Beginning balance$539
$57
$(3)$593
OCI before reclassifications212
(9)
203
Amounts reclassified from AOCI(58)(16)
(74)
OCI, net of tax154
(25)
129
Ending balance$693
$32
$(3)$722
HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
13.14. Changes In and Reclassifications From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (continued)

Reclassifications from AOCI consist of the following:
Reclassification from AOCIReclassification from AOCI
Amount Reclassified from AOCI Successor CompanyPredecessor Company 
AOCIFor the Year Ended December 31, 2016For the Year Ended December 31, 2015For the Year Ended December 31, 2014Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations
June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018For the Year Ended December 31, 2017For the Year Ended December 31, 2016Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations
Net Unrealized Gain on Securities      
Available-for-sale securities$89
$(27)$1
Net realized capital gains (losses)$(32)$(2)$153
$89
Net realized capital gains (losses)
89
(27)1
Total before tax(32)(2)153
89
Income before income taxes
31
(9)
Income tax expense(7)
54
31
Income tax expense
$58
$(18)$1
Net income$(25)$(2)$99
$58
Net income (loss)
Net Gains on Cash-Flow Hedging Instruments      
Interest rate swaps$1
$(1)$(1)Net realized capital gains (losses)$
$
$(1)$1
Net realized capital gains (losses)
Interest rate swaps25
33
50
Net investment income
8
26
25
Net investment income
Foreign currency swaps(2)(9)(13)Net realized capital gains (losses)
(2)11
(2)Net realized capital gains (losses)
24
23
36
Total before tax
6
36
24
Income before income taxes
8
8
13
Income tax expense
1
13
8
Income tax expense
$16
$15
$23
Net income$
$5
$23
$16
Net income (loss)
Total amounts reclassified from AOCI$74
$(3)$24
Net income$(25)$3
$122
$74
Net income (loss)
TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
14.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
15. Quarterly Results (Unaudited)

Successor CompanySuccessor Company
Three months endedThree Months Ended
March 31,June 30,September 30,December 31,June 30,September 30,December 31,
201620152016201520162015201620152018 [1]2018
Total revenues$487
$668
$622
$702
$702
$630
$571
$499
$156
$317
$749
Total benefits, losses and expenses478
483
474
461
610
500
464
525
$85
$263
$406
Net income28
145
118
230
79
118
57
7
$57
$67
$285
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest




1

(1)
Net income attributable to Hartford Life Insurance Company$28
$145
$118
$230
$79
$117
$57
$8
[1]Represents the period of June 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 (Successor Company) as a result of the sale of the Company on May 31, 2018.
Predecessor Company
 Three months ended
 March 31,June 30,September 30,December 31,
 201820172018 [2]201720172017
Total revenues$591
$527
$245
$595
$533
$577
Total benefits, losses and expenses$447
$441
$288
$450
$462
$503
Net income (loss)$125
$75
$(31)$112
$83
$(316)
[2]Represents the period of April 1 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company) as a result of the sale of the Company on May 31, 2018.


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE I
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS—OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATES
($ in millions)
Successor Company
As of December 31, 2016As of December 31, 2018
Type of InvestmentCostFair ValueAmount at which shown on Balance SheetCostFair ValueAmount at Which Shown on Balance Sheet
Fixed Maturities  
Bonds and notes  
U.S. government and government agencies and authorities (guaranteed and sponsored)$3,125
$3,275
$3,275
$1,887
$1,890
$1,890
States, municipalities and political subdivisions1,098
1,189
1,189
738
734
734
Foreign governments337
345
345
383
377
377
Public utilities2,665
2,873
2,873
1,520
1,490
1,490
All other corporate bonds11,012
11,820
11,820
6,340
6,188
6,188
All other mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities4,270
4,317
4,317
3,167
3,160
3,160
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale22,507
23,819
23,819
14,035
13,839
13,839
Fixed maturities, at fair value using fair value option80
82
82
13
12
12
Total fixed maturities22,587
23,901
23,901
14,048
13,851
13,851
Equity Securities  
Common stocks  
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other61
71
71
87
87
87
Non-redeemable preferred stocks81
81
81
29
29
29
Total equity securities, available-for-sale142
152
152
Equity securities, trading10
11
11
Total equity securities152
163
163
Total equity securities, at fair value116
116
116
Mortgage loans2,811
2,843
2,811
2,100
2,125
2,100
Policy loans1,442
1,442
1,442
1,441
1,441
1,441
Futures, options and miscellaneous493
282
282
396
201
201
Short-term investments1,349
1,349
1,349
844
844
844
Investments in partnerships and trusts930
 930
894


894
Total investments$29,764


$30,878
$19,839


$19,447


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IV
REINSURANCE
(In millions)
Gross AmountCeded to Other CompaniesAssumed From Other CompaniesNet AmountPercentage of Amount Assumed to NetGross AmountCeded to Other CompaniesAssumed From Other Companies
Net
Amount
Percentage
of Amount Assumed to Net
For the year ended December 31, 2016  
For the period of June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 (Successor Company)  
Life insurance in force$284,779
$213,221
$558
$72,116
1%$259,930
$191,858
$487
$68,559
1%
Insurance revenues    
Life insurance and annuities$2,524
$1,527
$129
$1,126
11%$1,404
$937
$66
$533
12%
Accident and health insurance135
89

46
%35
35


%
Total insurance revenues$2,659
$1,616
$129
$1,172
11%$1,439
$972
$66
$533
12%
For the year ended December 31, 2015  
For the period of January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 (Predecessor Company)  
Life insurance in force$306,472
$234,306
$713
$72,879
1%$266,190
$197,736
$515
$68,969
1%
Insurance revenues    
Life insurance and annuities$2,687
$1,673
$113
$1,127
10%$1,033
$658
$48
$423
11%
Accident and health insurance190
128

62
%26
26


%
Total insurance revenues$2,877
$1,801
$113
$1,189
10%$1,059
$684
$48
$423
11%
For the year ended December 31, 2014  
For the year ended December 31, 2017
(Predecessor Company)
  
Life insurance in force$327,772
$255,185
$797
$73,384
1%$271,213
$202,003
$526
$69,736
1%
Insurance revenues    
Life insurance and annuities$2,979
$1,691
$74
$1,362
5%$2,361
$1,466
$116
$1,011
11%
Accident and health insurance249
369

(120)%73
73


%
Total insurance revenues$3,228
$2,060
$74
$1,242
6%$2,434
$1,539
$116
$1,011
11%
For the year ended December 31, 2016
(Predecessor Company)
  
Life insurance in force$284,779
$213,221
$558
$72,116
1%
Insurance revenues  
Life insurance and annuities$2,524
$1,527
$129
$1,126
11%
Accident and health insurance135
89

46
%
Total insurance revenues$2,659
$1,616
$129
$1,172
11%



HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In millions)
Successor CompanySuccessor Company
Balance January 1,Charged to Costs and ExpensesWrite-offs/Payments/OtherBalance December 31,Balance June 1,Charged to Costs and ExpensesWrite-offs/Payments/OtherBalance December 31,
2018  
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$
$6
$(1)$5
Predecessor CompanyPredecessor Company
Balance January 1,Charged to Costs and ExpensesWrite-offs/Payments/OtherBalance May 31,
2018 
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$
$
$
$
Balance January 1,Charged to Costs and ExpensesWrite-offs/Payments/OtherBalance December 31,
2017 
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$19
$1
$(20)$
2016  
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$19
$
$
$19
$19
$
$
$19
2015 
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$15
$4
$
$19
2014 
Valuation allowance on mortgage loans$12
$4
$(1)$15



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.
HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
/s/    Peter F. Sannizzaro
Peter F. Sannizzaro
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer
Date: February 24, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ Brion S. JohnsonPresidentFebruary 24, 2017
Brion S. Johnson
/s/ Peter F. SannizzaroSenior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting OfficerFebruary 24, 2017
Peter F. Sannizzaro
/s/ Robert PaianoSenior Vice President and DirectorFebruary 24, 2017
Robert Paiano


HARTFORDTALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20162018
FORM 10-K
EXHIBITS INDEX
The exhibits attached to this Form 10-K are those that are required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
 
Exhibit No.  Description
3.01  
  
3.02  
 
4.01Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-Laws of Hartford Life Insurance Company (incorporated by reference as indicated in Exhibits 3.01 and 3.02 hereto, respectively).
  
10.01 Intercompany Liquidity
  
12.0110.02 Computation
10.03
21.01
  
23.01  
24.01
  
31.01  Certification of Brion S. Johnson, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.02
31.02
  
32.01  Certification of Brion S. Johnson, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.02
  
101.INS32.02  XBRL Instance Document
  
101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
  
101.CAL  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
  
101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
  
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
  
101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
*Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to this report. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
^Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

TALCOTT RESOLUTION LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
/s/    Michael R. Hazel
Michael R. Hazel
Vice President and Controller

Date: February 22, 2019
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ Peter F. SannizzaroPresident and Chief Executive OfficerFebruary 22, 2019
Peter F. Sannizzaro
/s/ Robert R. SiracusaVice President and Chief Financial OfficerFebruary 22, 2019
Robert R. Siracusa
/s/ Michael R. HazelVice President and ControllerFebruary 22, 2019
Michael R. Hazel
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Richard J. Carbone
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Henry Cornell
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Gilles M. Dellaert
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Oliver M. Goldstein
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Brion S. Johnson
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Emily R. Pollack
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Michael S. Rubinoff
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
David I. Schamis
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Robert W. Stein
*DirectorFebruary 22, 2019
Heath L. Watkin
* By/s/ Lisa M. Proch
Lisa M. Proch
As Attorney-in-Fact
  


II-2II-3