UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
X ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934 (FEE REQUIRED)
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 19982002
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OR
_ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED)
For the transition period from_____________________from ____________________ to ____________________________________________
Commission File Number: 0-4625
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OLD REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware No. 36-2678171
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(State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
307 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601
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(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 312-346-8100
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Share/Par Value Outstanding Name of each exchangeEach Exchange
Title of each class February 26, 1999 on which registered
- -------------------------- ---------------------------Which Registered
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7% Subordinated Debentures Due June 15, 2007 $115,000,000 New York Stock Exchange
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Common Stock/$1 par value 131,868,948 New York Stock Exchange
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes:_X_/ No:___
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part IllIII of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K._X_10-K. Yes: _X_/ No:___
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes: _X_/ No:___
The aggregate market value of the Company's voting Common Stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant computed by reference to(assuming, for purposes of this calculation
only, that the registrant's directors and executive officers, the registrant's
various employee benefit plans and American Business & Personal Insurance
Mutual, Inc. and its subsidiaries are all affiliates of the registrant), based
on the closing sale price at
whichof the registrant's common stock on June 30, 2002, the
last day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was
quoted$3,460,881,154.
The Company had 120,618,769 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February
26, 1999 was $2,480,454,912.28, 2003.
Documents incorporated by reference:
- -----------------------------------
The following documents are incorporated by reference into that part of this
Form 10-K designated to the right of the document title.
Title Part
Proxy statement for the 19992003 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders III, Items 10, 11, 12 and 13
Exhibits as specified in exhibit index (page 57)55) IV, ItemItems 14 and 15
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There are 5856 pages in this report
PART I
Item 1-Business
(a) General Development of Business. Old Republic International Corporation is a
Chicago-based insurance holding company with subsidiaries engaged in the general
(property & liability), mortgage guaranty, title, and life (life & disability)
insurance businesses. In this report, "Old Republic", "the Corporation", or "the
Company" refers to Old Republic International Corporation and its subsidiaries
as the context requires. The aforementioned insurance segments are organized as
the Old Republic General, Mortgage Guaranty, Title, and Life Groups, and
references herein to such groups apply to the Company's subsidiaries engaged in
the respective segments of business.
Financial Information Relating to Segments of Business (a)
The contributions to net revenues and income (loss) before taxes and
extraordinary item of each
Old Republic segment are set forth below for the years shown, together with
their respective assets at the end of each year. The information below should be
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the notes
thereto, and the "Management Analysis of Financial Position and Results of
Operations" appearing elsewhere herein.
($ in Millions)
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Years Ended December 31,
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Net Revenues (b) Income (Loss) Before Taxes
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1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
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2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
General ...............................General....................... $ 1,111.31,376.7 $ 1,119.51,195.0 $ 1,074.91,057.1 $ 192.0182.1 $ 208.3141.4 $ 188.8116.9
Mortgage Guaranty...................... 348.3 313.3 262.6 155.3 141.5 120.2
Title.................................. 578.8 423.4 387.9 64.6 36.5 24.6
Life................................... 72.7 75.4(c) 60.5 6.6 19.9(c) 7.0Guaranty............. 467.1 436.0 395.3 267.7 261.9 240.1
Title......................... 836.5 648.9 518.7 97.8 74.6 40.3
Life.......................... 57.0 58.4 62.0 6.4 4.9 5.3
Other Operations - Net................. 7.4 4.5 2.6 (4.9) (6.1) (13.5)
----------Net........ 5.0 5.2 3.6 (7.1) (8.8) (10.0)
------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Subtotal............................. 2,118.7 1,936.4 1,788.7 413.7 400.3 327.2----------- ----------- ------------ -----------
Subtotal.................... 2,742.4 2,343.7 2,036.9 546.9 474.2 392.7
Realized Investment Gains.............. 53.0 26.3 15.1 53.0 26.3 15.1
----------Gains..... 13.9 29.7 33.6 13.9 29.7 33.6
------------ ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total................................----------- ----------- ------------ -----------
Total....................... $ 2,171.72,756.4 $ 1,962.82,373.4 $ 1,803.92,070.6 $ 466.7560.9 $ 426.7503.9 $ 342.4
==========426.4
============ =========== ========== ========== ========== ===================== =========== ============ ===========
Assets at December 31,
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1998 1997 1996
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------- ----------- -----------
General.............................................................................General..................................................................... $ 5,160.25,876.5 $ 5,300.65,451.9 $ 5,350.55,111.4
Mortgage Guaranty................................................................... 1,092.2 922.9 760.5
Title............................................................................... 460.9 419.4 408.2
Life................................................................................ 329.5(d) 309.4 310.3
Consolidated......................................................................Guaranty........................................................... 1,921.2 1,731.6 1,483.3
Title....................................................................... 619.9 536.0 491.2
Life........................................................................ 233.3 236.3 244.5
Consolidated.............................................................. $ 7,019.78,715.4 $ 6,923.47,920.2 $ 6,656.2
========== ========== ==========7,281.4
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(a) Reference is made to the table in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements, incorporated herein by reference, which shows the
contribution of each subcategory to consolidated net revenues and income or
loss before income taxes of Old Republic's insurance industry segments.
(b) Revenues consist of net premiums, fees, net investment and other income
earned; realized investment gains are shown in total for all groups
combined.
(c) Includes $12.6 of interest income from settlement of prior years' tax
issues.
(d) The Company has entered into an agreement to sell its small annuity book
of business; this will have no material effect on Old Republic's
consolidated results or financial position (see Note 1(f) of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements).
General Insurance Group
Through its General Insurance Group subsidiaries, the Corporation assumes
risks and performs related risk management and marketing services pertaining to
a large variety of property and liability commercial insurance coverages. Old
Republic does not have a meaningful participation inexposure to personal lines of insurance.
Liability Coverages: Workers'Commercial automobile (mostly trucks) full coverage
protection, workers' compensation and general liability (including the general
liability portion of commercial package policies), and commercial
automobile full coverage protection are the major classes of
insurance underwritten for businesses and public entities such as
municipalities. Within these classes of insurance, Old Republic specializes in a
number of industries, most prominently the transportation coal(trucking and general
aviation), construction, forest products and energy services, construction and
forest product industries. SuchMost such
business is primarily produced through independent agency and brokerage channels.
2
The basic rates charged for all workers' compensation insurance are generally
regulated by the various states. It is therefore possible that the rate
increases necessary to cover any expansion of benefits under state laws or
increases in claim frequency or severity may not always be granted soon enough
to enable insurers to fully recover the amount of the benefits they must pay.
TheOver the years, the Corporation has over the past several years diversified its General Insurance Group
business. This diversification has been achieved through a combination of
internal growth, the establishment of new subsidiaries, and through selective
2
mergers with other companies. For 1998,2002, production of commercial automobile
(principally trucking) direct insurance premiums accounted for 48.3%35.2% of
consolidated direct premiums written by the General Insurance Group. For the
same year, workers' compensation and general liability direct insurance premiums
amounted to 16.3%20.4% and 9.8%13.7%, respectively, of consolidated direct premiums
written.
SpecialtyOver the years, specialty programs have been expanded or initiated to
insure corporations' exposures to directors'directors and officers' andofficers as well as errors and
omissions liability, and to coverinsure owners and operators of private aircraft for
hull and liability exposures and airport facilities.
In the recent past, the Corporation has terminated its involvement with
certain smaller parts of its business including a reinsurance assumed line and
coverages for propane and petroleum distribution, natural gas utilities, and
grain elevators. The run off of these terminated portions of Old Republic's
business is not expected to insure grain elevators and liquid petroleum gas operations.
The Corporation assumes (primarily on a facultative basis) a moderate
amount of reinsurance business produced by other insuranceaffect meaningfully its future operating results or
reinsurance
companies. Most of this business encompasses workers' compensation, general and
automobile liability lines, as well as a moderate amount of property exposures.financial condition.
Property and Other Coverages: Old Republic's property insurance business
primarily includesincorporates mostly commercial physical damage insurance on trucking risks. A
small volume of business is represented by fire and other physical perils for
houses and commercial properties. All suchSuch insurance is produced principally through
agentsindependent agencies or financial intermediaries, such as finance companies, and on a reinsurance
assumed basis.brokers. Fidelity and surety coverages are underwritten
through independent agents by the Old Republic Surety Group, Inc.Group. Old Republic
Insured Credit Services, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, has marketed loan and retail installment sales
credit guarantyindemnity insurance since 1955 through commercial banks, thrifts and
thriftother lending institutions. This coverage provides lenders
with a guaranty against defaultslimited indemnity to
lenders on home equity and home improvement loans andas well as installment sales
contracts. Auto Warrantywarranty and Home Warranty, while still relatively small businesses,home warranty coverages are marketed directly by Old
Republic through its own employees and selected independent agents. Travel
insurance is produced through independent travel agents in the United States and
Canada. The coverages provided under these policies, some of which are also
underwritten by the Company's Life Insurance Group, include trip delay and trip
cancellation protection for insureds.
Mortgage Guaranty Group
Real estatePrivate mortgage loan insurance protects lending institutions against
certainmortgage lenders and investors from
default related losses generallyon residential mortgage loans made primarily to
the extenthomebuyers who make down payments of 10% to 35%less than 20% of the sum of the
outstanding amount of each insured mortgage loan, and allowable costs incurred
in the event of default by the borrower.home's purchase price.
The Corporation insures only first mortgage loans, primarily on residential
properties having one-to-four family dwelling units.
Mortgage guarantyThere are two principal types of private mortgage insurance premiums originate from savingscoverage:
"primary" and "pool". Primary mortgage insurance provides mortgage default
protection on individual loans and covers a stated percentage of the unpaid loan
associations,principal, delinquent interest, and certain expenses associated with the default
and subsequent foreclosure. In lieu of paying the stated coverage percentage,
the Corporation may pay the entire claim amount and take title to the mortgaged
property. Pool insurance is generally used as an additional credit enhancement
for certain secondary market mortgage bankerstransactions and other lending institutions. The Corporation's
residential real estateprovides coverage ranging
up to 100% of the net loss on each individual loan insurance business is originated, approximately 16%
by savingsincluded in the pool, subject
to provisions regarding deductibles, caps on individual exposures, and loan associations, 69% by mortgage bankers and 15% by other
lenders.aggregate
stop loss provisions which limit aggregate losses to a specified percentage of
the total original balances of all loans in the pool.
The Corporation's mortgage guaranty insurance in force at December 31,
1998, was originally produced by approximately 4,100 different lendingbusiness originates from mortgage
bankers (54.2%), commercial banks (16.2%), savings institutions (14.3%) and
about 2,200 such institutions originated business in 1998.other mortgage originators (15.3%). The profitability of the Corporation's
insurance products is not tied in any significant degree to the financial well-beingwell
being of these institutions. While it is possible that the failure of a large
number of such institutions could increase the competition for sales of certain
insurance products to the surviving institutions, it is also likely that other
institutions or providers of financial services would emerge to take their
place.
Annual, monthly and single premium plans for residential real estate loan
insurance are offered. Annual plans provide coverage on a year to year basis
with first year premiums being dependent on the loan-to-value ratio and the
coverage offered. Annual renewal premiums arePremiums charged on the basis of the
outstanding loan balance on the anniversary date, or, if selected, on the
original loan balance. Monthly plans provide coverage on a month-to-month basis
with premiums being dependent on the loan-to-value ratio and the coverage
offered. In the case of monthly premium plans, the first month and all renewal
months are charged on the basis of the outstanding loan amount on the
anniversary date or, if selected, on the original loan balance. Single premium
plans provide coverage for a period of three to fifteen years, or the number of
years required to amortize a standard mortgage to an 80% loan-to-value ratio, if
selected. The premium charged similarly dependsdepend on the loan-to-value ratio, the coverage offered,
the type of loan instrument (whether fixed rate/fixed payment or an adjustable
mortgage loan) and whether the property is to be investor or owner occupied. Approximately 23%The
Corporation offers annual, monthly and 76%, respectivelysingle premium payment plans. Annual
plans provide coverage on a year-to-year basis and monthly plans provide
coverage on a month-to-month basis. Renewal premiums for annual and monthly
plans are charged on the basis of the residential real estateoriginal loan amount, or, if selected, on
the outstanding loan balance on the anniversary date of the loan. Single premium
plans provide coverage for the life of the loan, unless the plan uses a
specified term of a period of three to fifteen years. Approximately 94% of the
Corporation's direct mortgage insurance in force atas of December 31, 1998,2002, has
been written under annual and
monthly premium plans. Monthly premium plans, a product that was introduced in
1993, accounted for approximately 98% of the new business written in 1998.
3
The Corporation limits its residential real estateprimary mortgage insurance to lenders approved
by it and supervised or regulated by federal or state authorities in order to
obtain reasonable assurance as to the effectiveness of such institutions'
lending practices. A master policy is issued to each approved lender butand
provides that the master policy does not obligatelender must submit individual loans for insurance to the
Company. The loan is subject to certain underwriting criteria and must be
approved by the Corporation before the Corporation issues a commitment to issueinsure
the loan (except in the case of delegated underwriting described herein). When
the loan is consummated, a certificate of insurance on any particular loan. To obtain insurance on a specific mortgage
loan, an approved lender generally submits an application, supported by a copy
ofis provided to the borrower's loan application, an appraisal report on the property by
either the lender or an independent appraiser, a written credit report on the
borrower, an affidavit of the borrower's equity and certain other information.
The underwriting department reviews this material and approves or rejects the
application, usually on the day it is received.lender.
The Corporation generally adheres to the underwriting guidelines published by
the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Upon approvalCorporation ("FHLMC") and the Federal National
Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), purchasers of an application for insurancemany of a loan,the loans the Corporation
issuesinsures.
3
Delegated underwriting is a commitmentprogram whereby approved lenders are allowed to
commit the Corporation to insure the loan; this is followed by a
certificateloans following preset underwriting guidelines.
Loans insured through delegated underwriting amount to 33.9% of total new
insurance when the loan is consummated.written in 2002.
Title Insurance Group
The title insurance business consists primarily of the issuance of policies
to real estate purchasers and investors based upon searches of the public
records, which contain information concerning interests in real property. The
policy insures against losses arising out of defects, liens and encumbrances
affecting the insured title and not excluded or excepted from the coverage of
the policy.
There are two basic types of title insurance policies: lenders' policies
and owners' policies. Both are issued for a onetime premium. Most mortgages made
in the United States are extended by mortgage bankers, savings and commercial
banks, state and federal agencies, and life insurance companies. The financial
institutions secure title insurance policies to protect their mortgagees'
interest in the real property. This protection remains in effect for as long as
the mortgagee has an interest in the property. A separate title insurance policy
is issued to the owner of the real estate. An owner's policy of title insurance
protects an owner's interest in the title to the property.
The premiums charged for the issuance of title insurance policies vary with
the policy amount and the type of policy issued. The premium is collected in
full when the real estate transaction is closed, there being no recurring fee
thereafter. In many areas, premiums charged on subsequent policies on the same
landproperty may be reduced, depending generally upon the time elapsed between
issuance of the previous policies and the nature of the transactions for which
the policies are issued. Most of the charge to the consumercustomer relates to title
services rendered in conjunction with the issuance of a policy rather than to
the possibility of loss due to risks insured against. Accordingly, the cost of
service performed by a title insurer relates for the most part to the prevention
of loss rather than to the assumption of the risk of loss. Claim losses that do
occur result primarily from title search and examination mistakes, fraud,
forgery, incapacity, missing heirs and escrow processing errors.
In connection with its title insurance operations, Old Republic also
provides escrow facilities,closing and construction disbursement services for the disbursement of construction funds,
and other services pertaining to real estate
transfers.information products and services in connection with real estate transfers and
loan transactions.
Life Insurance Group
Credit & Other Life and Disability:
Old Republic markets and writes consumer credit life and disability
insurance primarily through automobile dealers. Borrowers insured under consumer
credit life insurance are also generally covered by consumer credit disability
protection. Credit life insurance provides for the repayment of a loan,
installment purchase, or other debt obligation in the event of the death of the
borrower, while credit disability insurance provides for the payment of
installments due on such debt while the borrower is disabled. Old Republic has also
writtenwrites various conventional life, disability/accident and health insurance
coverages, for many
years, principally on a direct marketing basis through banks and other financial services institutions.
Ordinary term life insurance is sold through independent agents and brokers for
relatively large face amounts, in both the United States and Canada. Marketing
of term life insurance products is aimed principally toward self-employed
individuals, professionals, owners of small businesses, and high net worth
persons.
Annuities: In the past, Old Republic marketed annuity policies, some of
which remain outstanding, through securities dealers in New York State. These
policies provide for annuity benefits based on premiums paid and accumulating
with interest over time. Since 1985, the volume of annuity business has been
inconsequential as the Company has been unwilling to compete in this part of the
insurance business. The Company has entered into an agreement to sell its small
annuity book of business; this will have no material effect on Old Republic's
consolidated results or financial position (see Note 1(f) of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements).
4
Consolidated Underwriting Statistics
The following table reflects underwriting statistics covering: 1) premiums
together withand related loss, expense, and policyholders' dividend ratios for the major
coverages underwritten solely in the General, Mortgage Guaranty, Title, and TitleLife
insurance groups,groups; and disability/accident & health coverages underwritten
directly or through reinsurance in both2) the Life and General Insurance groups;
2) a summary of net retained life insurance in force at the end of
the years shown:
($ in Millions)
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Years Ended December 31,
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1998 1997 1996
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2002 2001 2000
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General Insurance Group:
Overall Experience:
Net Premiums Written...............................................Written............................................. $ 892.11,268.7 $ 908.41,078.5 $ 866.3885.4
Net Premiums Earned (a)......................................................................................... $ 903.11,182.3 $ 907.71,000.7 $ 868.2859.8
Loss Ratio......................................................... 72% 72% 73%Ratio....................................................... 72.7% 75.4% 77.8%
Policyholders' Dividend Ratio...................................... -% -% -%Ratio.................................... (.1) (.1) .1
Expense Ratio(a)Ratio ................................................... 28% 27% 27%
--------------25.8 26.7 28.1
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Composite Ratio.................................................... 100% 99% 100%
==============Ratio.................................................. 98.4% 102.0% 106.0%
============= ============= =============
Experience byBy Major Coverages:
Commercial Automobile (Principally trucking):
Net Premiums Earned (a)......................................................................................... $ 476.0508.0 $ 455.3457.7 $ 397.4427.5
Loss Ratio......................................................... 83% 81% 79%
==============Ratio....................................................... 78.4% 82.4% 91.4%
============= ============= =============
Workers' Compensation:
Net Premiums Earned (a)......................................................................................... $ 148.9226.2 $ 156.9173.9 $ 151.6142.4
Loss Ratio......................................................... 56% 64% 71%Ratio....................................................... 93.7% 90.0% 89.9%
Policyholders' Dividend Ratio...................................... -% -% 1%
==============Ratio.................................... (.5%) (1.0%) .4%
============= ============= =============
General Liability:
Net Premiums Earned (a)......................................................................................... $ 49.855.3 $ 49.553.7 $ 46.944.1
Loss Ratio......................................................... 33% 51% 76%
==============Ratio....................................................... 67.5% 70.8% 64.7%
============= ============= Property and Other Coverages:=============
Property:(a)
Net Premiums Earned (a)......................................................................................... $ 228.4151.9 $ 246.0128.1 $ 272.3118.0
Loss Ratio......................................................... 67% 63% 63%
==============Ratio....................................................... 51.4% 59.1% 54.0%
============= ============= =============
Other Coverages:(b)
Net Premiums Earned ............................................. $ 240.8 $ 187.2 $ 127.5
Loss Ratio....................................................... 55.7% 57.0% 45.0%
============= ============= =============
Mortgage Guaranty Group:
Net Premiums Earned (b) ...........................................Earned.............................................. $ 290.7376.2 $ 271.0353.1 $ 226.6331.4
Loss Ratio (b) .................................................... 27% 35% 36%
==============Ratio....................................................... 14.1% 16.1% 15.0%
Expense Ratio.................................................... 32.3 27.5 29.6
------------- ------------- -------------
Composite Ratio.................................................. 46.4% 43.6% 44.6%
============= ============= =============
Title Insurance Group:(b)(c)
Net Premiums Earned................................................Earned.............................................. $ 315.8524.8 $ 238.6382.7 $ 220.2307.6
Combined Net Premiums & Fees Earned................................Earned.............................. $ 558.2813.4 $ 402.0625.3 $ 367.4494.0
Loss Ratio: ToRatio....................................................... 5.0% 4.0% 3.6%
Expense Ratio.................................................... 85.6 87.2 92.4
------------- ------------- -------------
Composite Ratio.................................................. 90.6% 91.2% 96.0%
============= ============= =============
Life Insurance Group:(d)
Net Premiums Earned.............................. 9% 8% 8%
To Net PremiumsEarned.............................................. $ 50.1 $ 50.6 $ 53.4
Benefits & Fees Earned....................... 5% 5% 5%
==============Claims Ratio.......................................... 58.0% 59.7% 55.3%
Expense Ratio.................................................... 42.5 45.4 50.6
------------- ------------- -------------
Composite Ratio.................................................. 100.5% 105.1% 105.9%
============= =============
Disability/Accident & Health (c):
Net Premiums Earned................................................ $ 36.8 $ 35.2 $ 33.9
Loss Ratio......................................................... 40% 40% 42%
============== ============= =============
Net Retained Life Insurance In Force:
Ordinary Life......................................................in Force............................. $ 6,414.07,383.6 $ 4,695.57,500.4 $ 3,833.9
Credit and Other Life.............................................. 326.5 217.4 135.7
-------------- ------------- -------------
Total........................................................... $ 6,740.5 $ 4,912.9 $ 3,969.6
==============6,849.1
============= ============= =============
- ----------------------
Certain minor reclassifications of 2001 and 2000 data have been reflected in the
above table to conform to current presentation.
(a) StatutoryConsists principally of fire, allied lines, commercial multi-peril and
inland marine coverages. (b) Consists principally of home and auto warranty,
fidelity, surety, aviation, credit indemnity, directors & officers and errors &
omissions coverages. (c) Title loss, expense, and composite ratios are
calculated on the basis of combined net premiums earned and expensefees earned. (d) Life Group
benefits and claims ratios may vary from amounts
calculated pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles due to
differences in the calculation of unearned premium reservestake into account combined future benefit and acquisition cost under each accounting method.
(b) Amounts and ratios reported are determined pursuant to generally accepted
accounting principles.
(c) Disability/accident & health data reflect the composite experience of the
Life and General Insurance segments of business. Accordingly, the General
Insurance Group composite experience includes premiums and related costs
for disability/accident & health coverages underwritten directly or
through reinsurance in such group.claims
reserves.
5
Variations in the loss (including related claim settlement expense) ratios
are caused by changes in the frequency and severity of claims incurred, changes
in premium rates and the level of premium refunds, and periodic changes in claim
and claim expense reserve estimates resulting from ongoing reevaluations of
reported and unreportedincurred but not reported claims and claim expenses. Loss, expense, policyholders'
dividends, and composite ratios have been rounded to the nearest percentage
point. The loss
ratios include loss adjustment expenses where appropriate. Policyholders'
dividends, which apply principally to workers' compensation insurance, are a
reflection of changes in loss experience for individual or groups of policies,
rather than overall results, and should be viewed in conjunction with loss ratio
trends; policyholders' dividends apply
principally to workers' compensation insurance.trends.
General Insurance Group loss ratios for workers' compensation and liability
insurance coverages in particular may reflect greater variability due to a
number of factors. TheSuch variability of claims experience is due in part to chance events in any one
year, changes in loss costs emanating from participation in involuntary markets
(i.e. industry-wide insurance pools and associations in which participation is
basically mandatory), and added provisions for loss costs not recoverable from
assuming reinsurers which may experience financial difficulties from time to
time. The Company generally underwrites concurrently workers' compensation,
commercial automobile (liability and physical damage), and general liability
insurance coverages for a large number of customers. Accordingly, an evaluation
of trends in premiums, loss and dividend ratios for these individual coverages
should be considered in the light of such a concurrent underwriting approach.
ImprovedThe general insurance portion of the claims ratio improved in 2002 compared to
2001 which also reflected an improvement over 2000. In addition to the effect of
a soft pricing environment for most property and liability coverages during the
1990's, greater severity for recent loss experienceoccurrences was mainly responsible for
workers'
compensationthe higher general insurance claim ratio in 19982000. The higher ratios in 2000 were
largely driven by commercial automobile (truck) liability insurance coverages.
The general insurance claims ratios for 2002 continued to reflect, in most
cases, the pricing and 1997 reflectsrisk selection improvements that began to emerge in 2000.
The lower 2002 mortgage guaranty claims ratio results from a decline in
claim costs from
involuntary market participations as well as generally improving industry-wide
loss trends.provisions driven principally by a drop in expected claim severity. The
improvement in the 2000 ratio was mostly attributable to the strong employment,
housing markets, and good general economic conditions which led to reasonably
stable loan default rates and higher cure rates for loans exhibiting payment
difficulties. A small increase in 2001 was largely the result of a moderately
higher loan default rate factor.
The title insurance loss ratio for mortgage guaranty insurance decreasedhas been in 1998 compared
to 1997; the improvement was mostly attributed to the stable economic conditionslow single digits in each of
the past severalthree years which have leddue to reduced mortgage defaults,
particularly in the California market. The Title Insurance Group loss ratios for
the years presented reflecta continuation of favorable trends in claims
severityfrequency and frequencyseverity for business underwritten since 1992.1992 in particular. The
increaseuptrend in the 2002 title insurance loss ratio stems from a rise in the net
ordinary life insuranceprovision for ultimate claim costs from the historically low levels achieved in
force is attributed to the
introduction of more favorably priced term life products that received greater
market acceptance.years 2001 and 2000.
General Insurance Claim Reserves
The Corporation's property and liability insurance subsidiaries establish
claim reserves which consist of estimates to settle: a) reported claims; b)
claims which have been incurred as of each balance sheet date but have not as
yet been reported ("IBNR") to the insurance subsidiaries; and c) the direct
costs, (fees and costs which are allocable to individual claims) and indirect
costs (such as salaries and rent applicable to the overall administrationmanagement of claim
departments) to administer known and IBNR claims. Such claim reserves, except as
to classification in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as toin terms of gross and
reinsured portions, are reported for financial and regulatory reporting purposes
at amounts that are substantially the same.
The establishment of claim reserves by the Corporation's insurance
subsidiaries is a reasonably complex and dynamic process influenced by a large
variety of factors. These factors include past experience applicable to the
anticipated costs of various types of claims, continually evolving and changing
legal theories emanating from the judicial system, recurring accounting,
statistical, and actuarial studies, the professional experience and expertise of
the Company's claim departments' personnel or attorneys and independent
adjusters retained to handle individual claims, the effect of inflationary
trends on future claim settlement costs, and periodicongoing changes in claim frequency
patterns such as those caused by natural disasters, illnesses, accidents,
work-related injuries, or work-related injuries.changes in economic conditions. Consequently, the
reserve-setting process relies on the judgments and opinions of a large number
of persons, on the application and interpretation of historical precedent and
trends, and on expectations as to future developments. At any point in time, the
Company and the industry are exposed to possibly higher than anticipated claim
costs due to the aforementioned factors, and to the evolution, interpretation,
and expansion of tort law, as well as to the effects of unexpected jury verdicts.
In establishing claim reserves, the possible increase in future loss
settlement costs caused by inflation is considered implicitly, along with the
many other factors cited above. Reserves are generally set to provide for the
ultimate cost of all claims. With regard to workers' compensation reserves,
however, the ultimate cost of long-term disability or pension-type claims is
discounted to present value based on interest rates ranging from 3.5% to 4.0%.
The Company, where applicable, uses only such discounted reserves in evaluating
the results of its operations, in pricing its products and settling
retrospective and reinsured accounts, in evaluating policy terms and experience,
and for other general business purposes. Solely to comply with reporting rules
mandated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, however, Old Republic has
made statistical studies of applicable workers' compensation reserves to obtain
estimates of the amounts by which claim and claim adjustment expense reserves,
net of reinsurance, have been discounted. These studies have resulted in
estimates of such amounts at approximately $169.5, $167.7$145.7 million, $151.3 million and
$163.2$151.7 million, as of December 31, 1998, 1997,2002, 2001 and 1996,2000, respectively. It should
6
be noted, however, that these differences between
6
discounted and non-discounted
(terminal) reserves are, fundamentally, of an informational nature, and are not
indicative of an effect on operating results for any one or series of years for
the above-noted reasons.
Early in 2001, the Federal Department of Labor revised the Federal Black
Lung Program regulations. The revisions basically require a re-evaluation of
previously settled, denied, or new occupational disease claims in the context of
newly devised, more lenient standards when such claims are resubmitted.
Following a number of challenges and appeals by the insurance and coal mining
industries, the revised regulations were, for the most part, upheld in June,
2002 and are to be applied prospectively. Since the final quarter of 2001 black
lung claims filed or refiled pursuant to these anticipated and now final
regulations have increased. The vast majority of claims filed to date against
Old Republic pertain to business underwritten through loss sensitive programs
that permit the charge of additional or refund of return premiums to wholly or
partially offset changes in estimated claim costs, or to business underwritten
as a service carrier on behalf of various industry-wide involuntary market (i.e.
assigned risk) pools. A much smaller portion pertains to business produced on a
traditional risk transfer basis. The Company has established applicable reserves
for claims as they have been reported and for claims not as yet reported on the
basis of its historical experience and assumptions as to the effect of the
revised regulations. Inasmuch as a variety of challenges are likely as the
revised regulations are implemented in the actual claim settlement process, the
potential impact on reserves, gross and net of reinsurance or retrospective
premium adjustments, resulting from such regulations cannot as yet be estimated
with reasonable certainty.
Old Republic's reserve estimates also include provisions for indemnity and
settlement costs for various asbestosis and environmental impairment ("A&E")
claims that have been filed in the normal course of business against a number of
its insurance subsidiaries. Many such claims relate to policies issued prior to
1985, including many issued during a short period between 1981 and 1982 pursuant
to an agency agreement canceled in 1982. Over the years, the Corporation's
property and liability insurance subsidiaries have typically issued general
liability insurance policies with face amounts ranging between $1.0 million and
$2.0 million and rarely exceeding $10.0 million. Such policies have, in turn,
been subject to reinsurance cessions which have typically reduced the
Corporation's retentions to $.5 million or less as to each claim. At December
31, 2002, the Corporation's aggregate indemnity and loss adjustment expense
reserves specifically identified with A&E exposures amounted to approximately
$104.5 million gross, and $56.9 million net of reinsurance. Based on average
annual claims payments during the five most recent calendar years, such reserves
represented 9.1 years (gross) and 14.9 years (net) of average annual claims
payments. Old Republic's exposure to A&E claims cannot, however, be calculated
by conventional insurance reserving methods for a variety of reasons, including:
a) the absence of statistically valid data inasmuch as such claims typically
involve long reporting delays and very often uncertainty as to the number and
identity of insureds against whom such claims have arisen or will arise; and b)
the litigation history of such or similar claims for insurance industry members
that has produced court decisions that have been inconsistent with regard to
such questions as when an alleged loss occurred, which policies provide
coverage, how a loss is to be allocated among potentially responsible insureds
and/or their insurance carriers, how policy coverage exclusions are to be
interpreted, what types of environmental impairment or toxic tort claims are
covered, when the insurer's duty to defend is triggered, how policy limits are
to be calculated, and whether clean-up costs constitute property damage. In
recent times, the Executive Branch and/or the Congress of the United States have
proposed or considered changes in the legislation and rules affecting the
determination of liability for environmental and asbestosis claims. As of
December 31, 2002, however, there is no solid evidence to suggest that possible
future changes might mitigate or reduce some or all of these claim exposures.
Because of the above issues and uncertainties, estimation of reserves for losses
and allocated loss adjustment expenses for A&E claims in particular is much more
difficult or impossible. Accordingly, no representation can be made that the
Corporation's reserves for such claims and related costs will not prove to be
overstated or understated in the future.
The subject of property and liability insurance claim reserves has been
written about and analyzed extensively by a large number of professionals and
regulators. Accordingly, the above discussion summary should, of necessity, be
regarded as a basic outline of the subject and not as a definitive presentation.
The Company believes that its overall reserving practices have been consistently
applied over many years, and that its aggregate net reserves have generally resulted
in reasonable approximations of the ultimate net costs of claims incurred.
However, no representation is made that ultimate net claim and related costs
will not be greater or lower than previously established reserves.
The following table shows the indicatedevolving redundancies or deficiencies or redundancies for
reserves established as of December 31, of each of the years 1988 to 1998.1992 through 2002.
In reviewing this tabular data, it should be noted that prior periods' loss
payment and development trends may not be repeated in the future due to the
large variety of factors influencing the reserving process outlined herein
above. The reserve redundancies or deficiencies shown for all years are not
necessarily indicative of the effect on reported results of any one or series of
years since retrospective premium and commission adjustments employed in various
parts of the Company's business tend tomay partially or fully
offset or negate such effects. (See
"Consolidated Underwriting Statistics" above, and "Reserves, Reinsurance, and
Retrospective Adjustments" elsewhere herein).
The subject of property and liability insurance claim reserves has been
written about and analyzed extensively by a large number of professionals and
regulators. Accordingly, the above discussion summary should, of necessity, be
regarded as a basic outline of the subject and not as a definitive presentation.7
($ in Millions/Percentages to Nearest Whole Point)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) As of December 31: 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(b) Liability (1)Liability(1) for unpaid
claims and claim adjustment
and claim adjustment
expenses(2): $1,271 $1,335 $1,435 $1,540 $1,573 $1,700 $1,768 $1,821 $1,829 $1,846 $1,742 $1,699 $1,661 $1,678 $1,802
================================================================================================
(c) Paid (cumulative) as of (3):
----------------------------
One year later 21% 20% 22% 24% 20% 21% 22% 22% 20% 22%23% 25% 25% 26% 25% -%
Two years later 32 33 34 36 36 3335 34 35 33 3339 39 41 41 - -
Three years later 43 44 44 4541 42 42 43 42 4245 48 50 51 - - -
Four years later 50 49 51 51 4947 47 48 49 50 55 56 - - - -
Five years later 55 5550 52 53 53 56 56 52 5360 - - - - -
Six years later 5954 55 56 58 60 58 56 - - - - - -
Seven years later 57 58 60 62 62 61 61 - - - - - - -
Eight years later 65 6359 61 64 - - - - - - - -
Nine years later 66 6663 65 - - - - - - - - -
Ten years later 68%66% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -%
=================================================================================================
(d) Liability reestimated (i.e.,
cumulative payments plus
reestimated ending liability)
as of (4):
-----------------------------
One year later 101% 98% 100% 99% 97% 95% 95% 96% 94% 93% 96% 96% 97% 100% -%
Two years later 97 99 100 97 94 91 93 92 88 89 93 95 98 - -
Three years later 98 98 99 96 93 93 90 87 84 87 93 97 - - -
Four years later 98 98 99 97 96 91 87 83 82 87 95 - - - -
Five years later 99 99 100 100 95 89 84 82 83 89 - - - - -
Six years later 99 100 103 99 93 86 84 82 85 - - - - - -
Seven years later 101 104 103 9892 86 85 85 - - - - - - -
Eight years later 104 103 10292 88 88 - - - - - - - -
Nine years later 104 10294 91 - - - - - - - - -
Ten years later 104%96% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -% -%
=================================================================================================
(e) Redundancy (deficiency)(5):
For
for each year-end at (a): -4% -2% -2%4% 9% 12% 15% 15% 11% 5% 3% 2% 7% 11% 13% 13% 12% 7%-% -%
=================================================================================================
Average for all year-ends
at (a): 6.4%7.9%
====
- ----------
(1) Amounts are reported net of reinsurance recoverable.reinsurance. (2) Excluding unallocated loss
adjustment expense reserves. (3) Percent of most recent reestimated
liability (line d). Decreases in paid loss percentages may at times reflect
the reassumption by the Company of certain previously ceded loss reserves
from assuming reinsurers through commutations of then existing reserves.
(4) Percent of beginning liability (line b) for unpaid claims and claim
adjustment expenses. (5) MostBeginning liability less the most current
liability reestimated (line d) as a percent of beginning liability (line b).
7
The following table shows an analysis of changes in aggregate reserves for
the Company's property and liability insurance claims and allocated claim
adjustment expenses (1) for each of the years shown.shown:
($ in Millions)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996-------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
at the beginning of each year, net of reinsurance losses recoverable............recoverable..... $ 1,845.91,678.9 $ 1,829.51,661.5 $ 1,820.91,699.2
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses:
Provisions for insured events of the current year............................... 728.0 713.8 668.0year........................ 814.6 749.1 690.2
Change in provision for insured events of prior years........................... (123.8) (105.5) (74.4)years.................... (7.1) (44.5) (66.6)
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Total incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses...................... 604.2 608.3 593.6expenses................. 807.5 704.6 623.6
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Payments:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to insured
events of the current year................................................. 322.4 275.3 243.0year.......................................... 260.7 269.0 258.7
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to insured
events of prior years...................................................... 385.8 316.6 342.0years................................................ 423.1 418.2 402.6
----------- ------------ ------------
Total payments...................................................... 683.8 687.2 661.3
----------- -----------
Total payments........................................................... 708.2 591.9 585.0
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses
at the end of each year (2)(a), net of reinsurance losses recoverable.............. 1,741.9 1,845.9 1,829.5recoverable....... 1,802.5 1,678.9 1,661.5
Reinsurance losses recoverable.................................................... 1,190.8 1,232.6 1,296.5recoverable.............................................. 1,363.0 1,261.2 1,235.0
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses................expenses.......... $ 2,932.73,165.5 $ 3,078.52,940.1 $ 3,126.02,896.5
=========== =========== ======================= ============
- ------------
(1) Excluding unallocated loss adjustment expense reserves.
(2)----------
(a) Reserves for incurred but not reported losses amounted to approximately
29.9%25.3%, 32.3%24.3%, and 32.6%24.8% of the totals shown as of December 31, 1998, 19972002, 2001
and 1996,2000, respectively.
The data in the two tables above, incorporates Old Republic's estimates for
various asbestosis and environmental impairment ("A&E") claims or related costs
that have been filed in the normal course of business against a number of its
insurance subsidiaries. Such claims relate primarily to policies issued prior to
1985, many during a short period between 1981 and 1982 pursuant to an agency
agreement canceled in 1982. During all years and through the current date, the
Corporation's insurance subsidiaries have typically issued general liability
insurance policies with face amounts ranging between $1 million and $2 million
and rarely exceeding $10 million. Such policies have, in turn, been subject to
reinsurance cessions which have typically reduced the Corporation's retentions
to $500,000 or less as to each claim.
The Corporation's reserving methods, particularly as they apply to
formula-based reserves, have been established to provide for normal claim
occurrences as well as unusual exposures such as those pertaining to A&E claims
and related costs. At times, however, the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries
also establish specific formula and other reserves as part of their overall
claim and claim expense reserves to cover certain claims such as those emanating
from A&E exposures. These are intended to cover additional litigation and other
costs that are likely to be incurred to protect the Company's interests in
litigated cases in particular. At December 31, 1998, the Corporation's aggregate
indemnity and loss adjustment expense reserves specifically identified with A&E
exposures amounted to approximately $66.6 million gross, and $33.7 million, net
of reinsurance. Based on average annual claims payments during the five most
recent calendar years, such reserves represented 8.0 years (gross) and 12.3
years (net) of average annual claims payments.
Old Republic disagrees with the allegations of liability on virtually all
A&E related claims of which it has knowledge on the grounds that exclusions in
the policies preclude coverage for nearly all such claims, and that the
Corporation never intended to assume such risks. Old Republic's exposure on such
claims cannot therefore be calculated by conventional insurance reserving
methods for this and a variety of reasons, including: a) the absence of
statistically valid data inasmuch as such claims typically involve long
reporting delays and very often uncertainty as to the number and identity of
insureds against whom such claims have arisen or will arise; and b) the
litigation history of such or similar claims for other insurance industry
members that has produced court decisions that have been inconsistent with
regard to such questions as when the alleged loss occurred, which policies
provide coverage, how a loss is to be allocated among potentially responsible
insureds and/or their insurance carriers, how policy coverage exclusions are to
be interpreted, what types of environmental impairment or toxic tort claims are
covered, when the insurer's duty to defend is triggered, how policy limits are
to be calculated, and whether clean-up costs constitute property damage.
8
Individual insurance companies and others who have evaluated the potential
costs of litigating and settling A&E claims have noted with serious concern the
possibility that resolution of such claims, by applying liability retroactively
in the context of the existing insurance system, could likely undermine
materially the financial condition of major participants in the property and
liability insurance industry. In light of this substantial public policy issue,
the Corporation is of the view that the courts will not resolve in the near
future the litigation gridlock stemming from the non-resolution to date of
environmental claims in particular. In recent times, the Executive Branch and/or
the United States Congress have proposed changes in the legislation and rules
affecting the determination of liability for environmental claims. As of
December 31, 1998, however, there is no solid evidence to suggest that
forthcoming changes might mitigate or reduce some or all of these claim
exposures.
Because of the above issues and uncertainties, estimation of reserves for
losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses for the above noted types of
claims is much more difficult or impossible. Accordingly, no representation can
be made that the Corporation's reserves for such claims and related costs will
not prove to be overstated or understated in the future.
(b) Investments. In common with other insurance organizations, Old Republic
invests most funds provided by operations in income-producing investment
securities and bank deposits.securities.
All investments must comply with applicable insurance laws and regulations
which prescribe the nature, form, quality, and relative amounts of investments
which may be made by insurance companies. Generally, these laws and regulations
permit insurance companies to invest within varying limitations in state,
municipal and federal government obligations, corporate obligations, preferred
and common stocks, certain types of real estate, and first mortgage loans. Old
Republic's investment policies are also influenced by the terms of the insurance
coverages written, by its expectations as to the timing of claim and benefit
payments, and by income tax considerations. The following tables show invested
assets at the end of the last three years, together with investment income for
such years.years:
Consolidated Investments
($ in Millions)
December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------- ------------ ------------
Held to Maturity
----------------
Fixed Maturity Securities:
Utilities.............................................................. $ 926.1754.4 $ 1,001.8777.6 $ 984.3777.5
Tax-Exempt............................................................. 1,405.4 1,247.0 1,038.31,299.7 1,333.4 1,299.8
Redeemable Preferred Stocks............................................ .8 .8 .2- .7 .6
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
2,332.3 2,249.7 2,022.9
------------2,054.1 2,111.8 2,078.0
----------- ------------ ------------
Other Invested Assets:
Mortgage Loans......................................................... 7.8 7.6 8.7
Policy Loans........................................................... 2.0 2.2 2.0
Collateral Loans....................................................... .4 .4 .2
Sundry................................................................. 14.8 5.1 14.2
------------ ------------ ------------
25.1 15.4 25.1
------------long-term investments............................................... 57.4 60.8 55.2
----------- ------------ ------------
Total held to maturity................................................ 2,357.5 2,265.1 2,048.1
------------maturity................................................. 2,111.6 2,172.7 2,133.3
----------- ------------ ------------
Available for Sale
------------------
Fixed Maturity Securities:
U.S. & Canadian Governments............................................ 619.1 684.4 758.0976.2 869.0 709.2
Corporate.............................................................. 1,335.3 1,325.4 1,226.12,196.2 1,741.2 1,523.0
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
1,954.4 2,009.9 1,984.2
------------3,172.4 2,610.2 2,232.2
----------- ------------ ------------
Equity Securities:
Non-redeemablePerpetual Preferred Stocks........................................ 2.7 3.2 5.0Stocks............................................. 2.2 1.7 2.6
Common Stocks.......................................................... 162.1 113.8 111.1511.2 389.8 292.9
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
164.8 117.1 116.1
------------513.5 391.6 295.5
----------- ------------ ------------
Short-term Investments 377.6 328.0 265.7
------------Investments.................................................... 253.8 298.5 378.0
----------- ------------ ------------
Total available for sale............................................ 2,497.0 2,455.2 2,366.0
------------sale............................................... 3,939.9 3,300.4 2,905.8
----------- ------------ ------------
Total Investments......................................................... $ 4,854.56,051.5 $ 4,720.45,473.1 $ 4,414.2
============5,039.1
=========== ============ ============
9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------===============================================================================================================================
Sources of Consolidated Investment Income
($ in Millions)
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------- ------------ ------------
Fixed Maturity Securities:
Taxable................................................................Taxable............................................................... $ 186.5193.5 $ 194.1189.5 $ 199.1
Tax-Exempt............................................................. 64.6 55.4 41.4181.7
Tax-Exempt............................................................ 59.5 61.7 63.9
Redeemable Preferred Stocks............................................Stocks........................................... - - -
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
251.2 249.5 240.6
------------253.1 251.3 245.7
----------- ------------ ------------
Equity Securities:
Non-redeemablePerpetual Preferred Stocks........................................ .2 .2 .3Stocks............................................ .1 .1 .1
Common Stocks.......................................................... 2.6 1.7 2.2Stocks......................................................... 12.3 7.8 7.4
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
2.8 1.9 2.6
------------12.4 7.9 7.6
----------- ------------ ------------
Other Investment Income:
Interest on Short-term Investments..................................... 17.1 16.4 16.0
Sundry................................................................. 8.5 9.0 8.4Investments.................................... 6.0 15.8 18.3
Sundry................................................................ 5.2 6.1 8.6
----------- ------------ ------------
------------
25.7 25.5 24.5
------------11.3 22.0 26.9
----------- ------------ ------------
Gross Investment Income................................................... 279.7 277.0 267.7Income.................................................. 276.9 281.3 280.2
Less: Investment Expenses (a)................................................................................... 4.2 6.5 6.2
7.2
----------------------- ------------ ------------
Net Investment Income.....................................................Income.................................................... $ 273.1272.6 $ 270.8274.7 $ 260.5
============273.9
=========== ============ ============
- ----------------------
(a) Investment expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, investment
management and custody service fees and includes interest incurred on funds
held of $1.5, $1.7$ .3, $1.4 and $1.7$1.5 for the years ended December 31, 1998,
19972002, 2001 and
1996,2000, respectively.
9
For many years, Old Republic's investment policy has been to acquire and
retain primarily investment grade, publicly traded, fixed maturity securities.
Accordingly, the Corporation's exposure to so-called "junk bonds", private
placements, real estate, mortgage loans, and derivatives is immaterial or
non-existent. Management considers investment-grade securities to be those rated
by Standard & Poor's Corporation ("Standard & Poor's") or Moody's Investors
Service, Inc. ("Moody's") that fall within the top four rating categories, or
securities which are not rated but have characteristics similar to securities so
rated. At December 31, 1998 and 1997, theThe Company had nobond or note investments in default as to principal
and/or interest.interest with a carrying value of $1.6 million at December 31, 2002 and
no bond or note investments in default as to principal and/or interest as of
December 31, 2001.
The Company's investment policies arehave not been designed to encourage tradingmaximize
realized investment gains. The Company reviews the status and market value
changes of its securities portfolio on at least a quarterly basis during the
year, and any provisions for other than temporary impairments in the portfolio's
value are evaluated and established at each quarterly balance sheet date. In
management's opinion, the Company's high quality and diversified portfolio,
which consists largely of publicly traded securities, has been a basic reason
for the absence of major impairment provisions in the periods reported upon. The
combination of gains and losses on sales of securities and such provisions or
to maximizewrite-downs of securities are reflected as realized gains and losses in the
realizationincome statement. Dispositions of investment gains. While the
amountsecurities result principally from scheduled
maturities of portfolio turnover varies from year to year, recent years'
dispositionsbonds and notes and sales of portfolio investments held to maturity are caused principally by
issuers' calls prior to maturity.fixed income and equity securities
available for sale. The Company's invested assets as of December 31, 19982002 have
been classified solely as "held to maturity" or "available for sale" pursuant to
the existing investment policy.
The independent credit quality ratings and maturity distribution for Old
Republic's consolidated fixed maturity investments, excluding short-term
investments, at December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, are shown in the following tables.
These investments, $4.2$5.2 billion and $4.7 billion at December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001,
respectively, represented approximately 61% and 62%, respectively,60% of consolidated assets as of such
dates, and 91%94% and 89%92%, respectively, of consolidated liabilities as of such
dates.
10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Ratings (a)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
------ ------------------------------------------
2002 2001
---------- ----------
(% of total portfolio)
Aaa.................................................................................... 28.8% 30.1%
Aa..................................................................................... 33.3 31.2
A...................................................................................... 30.8 32.2
Baa.................................................................................... 6.3 5.9
------ ------Aaa.............................................................................. 30.9% 31.0%
Aa............................................................................... 24.3 28.2
A................................................................................ 31.4 29.5
Baa.............................................................................. 10.8 8.9
---------- ----------
Total investment grade.............................................................. 99.2 99.4grade....................................................... 97.4 97.6
All others (b)......................................................................... .8 .6
------ ------
Total.................................................................................................................................................. 2.6 2.4
---------- ----------
Total........................................................................ 100.0% 100.0%
====== ================ ==========
- ----------------------
(a) Ratings are assigned primarily by Moody's with remaining ratings assigned
by Standard & Poor's and converted to the equivalent Moody's rating.
(b) "All others" include securities which when purchased were investment grade,
non-investment grade or non-rated convertible securities, and other
non-rated securities such as small issues of tax exempt bonds.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maturity Distribution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
------ ------------------------------------------
2002 2001
---------- ----------
(% of total portfolio)
Due in one year or less................................................................ 9.1% 6.5%less.......................................................... 13.4% 11.4%
Due after one year through five years.................................................. 49.9 44.9years............................................ 55.9 50.7
Due after five years through ten years................................................. 40.0 46.0years........................................... 29.9 36.7
Due after ten years through fifteen years.............................................. .1 1.3years........................................ .8 1.2
Due after fifteen years................................................................ .9 1.3
------ ------years.......................................................... - -
---------- ----------
100.0% 100.0%
====== ================ ==========
Average life, including short-term investments (years)................................. 4.2 4.7
====== ======
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------........................... 3.7 4.1
========== ==========
(c) Marketing. Commercial automobile (trucking), workers' compensation and
general liability insurance underwritten for larger commercialbusiness enterprises and public
entities is marketed primarily through independent insurance agents and brokers
with the assistance of Old Republic's trained sales, underwriting, actuarial,
and loss control personnel. The remaining property and liability commercial
insurance written by Old Republic is obtained through insurance agents or
brokers who are independent contractors and generally represent other insurance
companies, and by direct sales, and through controlled marketing and underwriting
joint ventures.sales. No single source accounted for over 10% of Old
Republic's premium volume in 1998.2002.
10
Mortgage guaranty insurance is marketed primarily through a direct sales
force which calls on mortgage bankers, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, other lending institutions
and other mortgage bankers.originators. No sales commissions or other forms of
remuneration are paid to the lending institutions andor others for the procurement
or development of business.
11
The Mortgage Guaranty segment's ten largest customers were responsible for
approximately 38.2%, 40.6% and 45.1% of direct new insurance written in 2002,
2001 and 2000, respectively. The largest single customer accounted for 11.2% of
direct new insurance written in 2002 compared to 8.8% and 12.6% in 2001 and
2000, respectively.
A substantial portion of the Company's title insurance business is referred
to it by title insurance agents, builders, lending institutions, real estate
developers, realtors, and lawyers. Title insurance is sold through 259249 Company
offices located in 32 states and through agencies and underwritten title
companies in Guam, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and all states except
Iowa and Oregon.Iowa. The issuing agents are authorized to issue binders and title insurance
policies based on their own search and examination, or on the basis of abstracts
and opinions of approved attorneys. Policies are also issued through independent
abstract companies (not themselves title insurers) pursuant to underwriting
agreements. These agreements generally provide that the underwritten company may
cause title policies of the Company to be issued, and the latter is responsible
under such policies for any payments to the insured. Typically, the agency or
underwritten title company deducts the major portion of the title insurance
charge to the consumercustomer as its commission and for services. During 1998,2002,
approximately 46%56% of title insurance premiums and fees were accounted for by
policies issued by agents and underwritten title companies.
Existing differences in various parts of the country with respectTitle insurance premium and fee revenue is closely related to the acceptance and uselevel of
title insuranceactivity in the real estate sales and loan transactions
have a material effect on title insurance growth and operations in the areas
concerned. In the Western states and certain urban areas of the East and
Midwest, title insurance is widely accepted, with the result that the potential
volume of title insurance premium income is large in relation to the volume of
real estate activity in those areas. In some other parts of the country, title
insurance is not as generally used, particularly in transactions involving
residential real estate. Consequently, in those areas, the growth of title
insurance depends not only upon market share of the title insurance business
within the industry, but also upon the increased use of title insurance in real
estate transactions.market. The volume of real estate activity is also
affected by the availability and cost of financing, population growth, family
movements and other factors. Also, the title insurance business is seasonal.
During the winter months, new building activity is reduced and, accordingly, the
Company does less title insurance business relative to new construction during
such months than during the rest of the year. The most important factor, insofar
as Old Republic's title business is concerned, however, is the rate of activity
in the resale market for residential properties.
The personal contacts, relationships, and reputations of Old Republic's key
executives are a vital element in obtaining and retaining much of its business.
Many of the Company's customers produce large amounts of premiums and therefore
warrant substantial levels of top executive attention and involvement. In this
respect, Old Republic's mode of operation is similar to that of professional
reinsurers and commercial insurance brokers, and relies on the marketing,
underwriting, and management skills of relatively few key people for large parts
of its business.
Several types of insurance coverages underwritten by Old Republic, such as
credit life and disability, loan credit guaranty,indemnity, title, and mortgage guaranty
insurance, are affected in varying degrees by changes in national economic
conditions. During periods of economic recession or rising interest rates,
operating and/or claim costs pertaining to such coverages tend to rise
disproportionately to revenues and generally result in reduced levels of
profitability.
At least one Old Republic insurance subsidiary is licensed to do business
in each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Guam, Saipan, and each of the Canadian provinces; mortgage insurance
subsidiaries are licensed in 50 states and the District of Columbia; title
insurance operations however, are licensed to do business in 4849 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico and Puerto Rico.Guam. Consolidated direct premium volume distributed
among the various geographical regions shown was as follows for the past three
years:
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geographical Distribution of Direct Premiums Written
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------ ------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------- ----------- -----------
United States:
Northeast................................................................. 6.4% 5.8% 5.1%
Mid-Atlantic.............................................................. 7.2 7.6 8.1
Southeast................................................................. 16.3 16.3 16.3
Southwest................................................................. 11.8 13.2 14.0Northeast................................................................ 8.4% 7.4% 7.0%
Mid-Atlantic............................................................. 8.3 7.9 7.8
Southeast................................................................ 17.7 17.9 17.9
Southwest................................................................ 12.8 13.7 12.4
East North Central........................................................ 16.3 16.9 17.2Central....................................................... 14.8 14.6 15.5
West North Central........................................................ 15.0Central....................................................... 13.0 13.8 14.8
Mountain................................................................. 7.9 8.5 8.6
Western.................................................................. 14.9 16.1
Mountain.................................................................. 8.3 8.7 8.3
Western................................................................... 15.7 13.6 11.914.0 13.3
Foreign (Principally Canada)................................................. 3.0 3.0 2.9
------ ------ ------
Total................................................................................................................ 2.2 2.2 2.7
----------- ----------- -----------
Total............................................................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
====== ====== ================= =========== ===========
12
(d) Reserves, Reinsurance, and Retrospective Adjustments. Old Republic's
insurance subsidiaries establish reserves for future policy benefits, unearned
premiums, reported claims, claims incurred but not reported, and claim
adjustment expenses, as required in the circumstances. Such reserves are based
on regulatory accounting requirements and generally accepted accounting
principles. In accordance with insurance industry practices, claim reserves are
based on estimates of the amounts that will be paid over a period of time and
changes in such estimates are reflected in the financial statements when they
occur. See "General Insurance Claim Reserves" herein.
To maintain premium production within its capacity and limit maximum losses
11
and risks for which it might become liable under its policies, Old Republic, as
is the practice in the insurance industry, may cede a portion or all of its
premiums and liabilities on certain classes of insurance, individual policies,
or blocks of business to other insurers and reinsurers. Although the ceding of
insurance does not generally discharge an insurer from its direct liability to a
policyholder, it is industry practice to establish the reinsured part of risks
as the liability of the reinsurer. Old Republic also employs retrospective
premium adjustments, contingent commissions, and agency profit and risk-sharing
arrangements, and joint underwriting ventures for parts of its business in order to minimize losses for which it
might become liable under its insurance policies, and to afford its clientscustomers or
producers a degree of participation in the risks and rewards associated with
such business. Under retrospective arrangements, Old Republic collects
additional premiums if losses are greater than originally anticipated and
refunds a portion of original premiums if loss costs are lower. Pursuant to
contingent commissions, agency profit and other risk-sharing arrangements, the
Company adjusts commissions or premiums retroactively to likewise reflect
deviations from originally expected loss costs. The amount of premium,
commission, or other retroactiveretrospective adjustments which may be made is either
limited or unlimited depending on the Company's evaluation of risks and related
contractual arrangements. To the extent that any reinsurance companies,
retrospectively rated risks, or producers might be unable to meet their
obligations under existing reinsurance or retrospective insurance and commission
agreements, Old Republic would be liable for the defaulted amounts. In these
regards, however, the Company generally protects itself by withholding funds, by
securing indemnity agreements, by obtaining surety bonds, or by otherwise
collateralizing reinsurancesuch obligations through irrevocable letters of credit, cash, or
securities.
Reinsurance recoverable asset balances represent amounts due from or
credited by assuming reinsurers for paid and unpaid claims and policy reserves.
Such reinsurance balances as are recoverable from non-admitted foreign and
certain other reinsurers, as well as similar balances or credits arising from
policies that are retrospectively rated or subject to assureds' high deductible
retentions are substantially collateralized by letters of credit, securities,
and other financial instruments. Old Republic evaluates on a regular basis the
financial condition of its assuming reinsurers and assureds who purchase its
retrospectively rated or high deductible policies. Estimates of unrecoverable
amounts are included in the Company's claim and claim expense reserves since
reinsurance, retrospective rating, and high deductible policies and contracts do
not relieve Old Republic from its direct obligations to assureds or their
beneficiaries. Historically, the Company has not incurred material charges from
the non-recoverability of such balances and credits.
Old Republic's reinsurance practices with respect to portions of its
business also result from its desire to bring its sponsoring organizations and
customers into some degree of joint venture or risk sharing relationship. The
Corporation may, in exchange for a ceding commission, reinsure up to 100% of the
underwriting risk, and the premium applicable to such risk, to insurers owned by
or affiliated with lending institutions, sponsors whose customers are insured by
Old Republic, or individual customers who have formed "captive" insurance
companies. The ceding commissions received compensate Old Republic for
performing the direct insurer's functions of underwriting, actuarial, claim
settlement, loss control, legal, reinsurance, and administrative services to
comply with local and federal regulations, and for providing appropriate risk
management services.
Remaining portions of Old Republic's business are reinsured with
independent insurance or reinsurance companies under various quota share and
excess of loss agreements. ReinsuranceExcept as noted in the following paragraph,
reinsurance protection on property and liability operations generally limits the
net loss on any one riskmost individual claims to a maximum of (in whole dollars):
$1,000,000 for workers' compensation-$1,000,000;compensation; $1,000,000 for commercial auto liability-$600,000;liability;
$1,000,000 for general liability-$600,000;liability; $2,400,000 for executive protection (directors
& officers and errors & omissions); $1,000,000 for aviation; and $300,000 for
property coverages-$300,000.coverages. Substantially all the mortgage guaranty insurance businessrisk is
retained, with the exposure on any one risk currently averaging approximately
$26,000.$27,300. Title insurance risk assumptions based on the
title insurance subsidiaries' financial resources, are limited to a maximum of $25,000,000$100.0
million as to any one policy.policy beginning in 2003, and for amounts of up to $25.0
million in 2002 and prior years. The vast majority of title policies issued,
however, carry exposures of $500,000 or less. The maximum amount of ordinary
life insurance retained on any one life by the Life Insurance Group is $300,000.
Due to worldwide reinsurance capacity and related cost constraints,
effective January 1, 2002, the Corporation began retaining exposures for all,
but most predominantly workers' compensation liability insurance coverages in
excess of $40.0 million that were previously assumed by unaffiliated reinsurers
for up to $100.0 million. Effective January 1, 2003 reinsurance ceded limits
were once again raised to the $100.0 million level. Pursuant to regulatory
requirements, however, all workers' compensation primary insurers such as the
Company remain liable for unlimited amounts in excess of reinsured limits. Other
than the substantial concentration of workers' compensation losses caused by the
September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America, to the best of the Company's
knowledge there had not been a similar accumulation of claims in a single
location from a single occurrence prior to that event. Nevertheless, the
possibility continues to exist that non-reinsured losses could, depending on a
wide range of severity and frequency assumptions, aggregate several hundred
million dollars to an insurer such as the Company in the event a catastrophe,
such as caused by an earthquake, lead to the death or injury of a large number
of employees concentrated in a single facility such as a high rise building.
As a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America, the
reinsurance industry eliminated coverage from substantially all contracts for
claims arising from acts of terrorism. Primary insurers such as the Company
thereby became fully exposed to such claims. Late in 2002, the Terrorism Risk
Insurance Act of 2002 (the "Act") was signed into law, immediately establishing
a temporary federal reinsurance program administered by the Secretary of
Treasury. The Act defines what constitutes an "act of terrorism" and establishes
12
a formula based on primary insurers' premium volume to reimburse such insurers
for 93% of any terrorism losses suffered between November 26, 2002 and December
31, 2003, 90% of any losses suffered in 2004 and 85% of any losses suffered in
2005. Further, pursuant to the Act, losses are capped for each year at $100.0
billion. The Act will sunset on December 31, 2005 if not extended or replaced by
similar legislation. The Act automatically voided all policy exclusions which
were in effect for terrorism related losses. Under the Act, insurers must offer
terrorism coverage with most commercial property and casualty insurance lines
and are permitted to establish an additional premium charge for their share of
such risks, but insureds may elect to reject the coverage. Insurers are
permitted to reinsure that portion of the risk which they retain under the Act,
but the reinsurance market has not yet responded with a widespread willingness
to reinsure such risks. As of this date, coverage for acts of terrorism are
excluded from substantially all the Corporation's reinsurance treaties, and are
effectively retained by it subject to any recovery that would be collected under
the Act.
(e) Competition. The insurance business is highly competitive and Old Republic
competes with many stock and mutual insurance companies. Many of these
competitors offer more insurance coverages and have substantially greater
financial resources than the Corporation. The rates charged for many of the
insurance coverages in which the Corporation specializes, such as workers'
compensation insurance, other property and liability insurance, title insurance,
and credit life and disability insurance, are primarily regulated by the states
and are also subject to extensive competition among major insurance
organizations. The basic methods of competition available to Old Republic, aside
from rates, are service to customers, expertise in tailoring insurance programs
to the specific needs of its clients, efficiency and flexibility of operations,
personal involvement by its key executives, and, as to title insurance, accuracy
and timely delivery of evidences of title issued. Mortgage insurance companies
also compete by providing contract underwriting services to lenders enabling
lenders to improve the efficiency of their operations by outsourcing all or part
of their mortgage loan underwriting. For certain types of coverages, including
loan credit guarantyindemnity and mortgage guaranty insurance, the Company also competes
in varying degrees with the Federal Housing Administration ("FHA") and the
Veterans Administration ("VA"). In these regards, the Corporation's insurance
subsidiaries compete with the FHA and VA by offering different coverages and by
establishing different requirements relative to such factors as interest rates,
closing costs, and loan processing charges. The Corporation believes its
experience and expertise have enabled it to develop a variety of specialized
insurance programs for its customers and to secure state insurance departments'
approval of these programs.
13
(f) Government Regulation. In common with all insurance companies, the
Corporation's insurance subsidiaries are subject to the regulation and
supervision of the jurisdictions in which they do business. The method of such
regulation varies, but, generally, regulation has been delegated to state
insurance commissioners who are granted broad administrative powers relating to:
the licensing of insurers and their agents; the nature of and limitations on
investments; approval of policy forms; reserve requirements; and trade
practices. In addition to these types of regulation, many classes of insurance,
including most of the Corporation's insurance coverages, are subject to rate
regulations which require that rates be reasonable, adequate, and not unfairly
discriminatory.
The Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC") have various qualifying requirements for private mortgage
guaranty insurers which write mortgage insurance on loans acquired by the FNMA
and FHLMC from mortgage lenders. These requirements include
a basic standard callingcall for compliance with the
applicable laws and regulations of the insurer's domiciliary state and those
states in which it conducts business, maintenance of a ratio of aggregate insured
risk tominimum total
policyholders' surplus (defined as total statutory capitalof $5.0 million, and surplus
plus statutorymaintenance of contingency reserves) of not more than 25 to 1; maintaining the
contingency reservereserves
in accordance with applicable state statutes and maintaining minimum
policyholders' surplus of $5 million.
Most of the Company's savings and loan association customers for mortgage
guaranty insurance are governed by the regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank
Board. A regulation of that Board prohibits savings and loan associations from
insuring any loan with a mortgage insurance company if certain relationships
exist between such mortgage insurance company and the savings and loan
association. Generally, a savings and loan association may not obtain insurance
from any mortgage insurance company if (1) any commission, fee or other
compensation is paidlaws. The requirements also contain
guidelines pertaining to the savings and loan association or any of its officers,
directors, employees or affiliates, (2) a savings account is maintained by the
mortgage insurance company with such savings and loan association, (3) any
officer or employee of the mortgage insurance company or its parent company is a
director, officer or controlling person of the savings and loan association, or
(4) either (a) the association or any director, officer, controlling person or
affiliate holds equity securities of the mortgage insurance company or any
parent company thereof having a cost in excess of $50,000 or representing more
than one percent of any class of equity securities of the company, if its assets
are less than $50 million, or one-half percent, if the assets equal or exceed
$50 million, or (b) the association and all of its directors, officers,
controlling persons or affiliates in the aggregate own equity securities of the
mortgage insurance company having a cost in excess of $100,000, or two percent
of a company the assets of which are less than $50 million, or one percent, if
the assets equal or exceed $50 million.
There have been various proposals from time to time with respect to
additional regulation of credit life and disability insurance which could have
an adverse effect on the consumer credit insurance business.captive reinsurance transactions.
The financial institutions whose customers are insured by Old Republic are
also regulated by federal and state authorities whose regulations have a direct
effect on certain forms of credit life and disability insurance. There have been
various proposals from time to time with respect to additional regulation of
credit life and disability insurance which could have an adverse effect on the
Company's small consumer credit insurance business.
The majority of states have also enacted insurance holding company laws
which require registration and periodic reporting by insurance companies
controlled by other corporations licensed to transact business within their
respective jurisdictions. Old Republic's insurance subsidiaries are subject to
such legislation and are registered as controlled insurers in those
jurisdictions in which such registration is required. Such legislation varies
from state to state but typically requires periodic disclosure concerning the
corporation which controls the registered insurers, or ultimate holding company,
and all subsidiaries of the ultimate holding company, and prior approval of
certain intercorporate transfers of assets (including payments of dividends in
excess of specified amounts by the insurance subsidiary) within the holding
company system. Each state has established minimum capital and surplus
requirements to conduct an insurance business. All of the Company's subsidiaries
meet or exceed these requirements, which vary from state to state.
(g) Employees. As of December 31, 1998,2002, Old Republic employed approximately
6,5706,485 persons on a full time basis. EligibleA majority of eligible full time employees
participate in various pension plans which provide annuity benefits payable upon
retirement. Eligible employees are also covered by hospitalization and major
medical insurance, group life insurance, and various savings, profit sharing,
and deferred compensation plans. The Company considers its employee relations to
be good.
14(h) Website access. The Company files various reports with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including its annual report on Form 10-K,
13
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements,
and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or
15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company's filings are available for viewing
and/or copying at the SEC's Public Reference Room located at 450 Fifth Street,
NW., Washington, DC 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public
Reference Room can be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. The Company's reports
are also available by visiting the SEC's Internet website (http://www.sec.gov)
and accessing its EDGAR database to view or print copies of the electronic
versions of the Company's reports. Additionally, the Company's reports can be
obtained, free of charge, by visiting its Internet website
(http://www.oldrepublic.com), selecting Financial Data and the EDGAR Filings
hyperlink to access the SEC's EDGAR database to view or print copies of the
electronic versions of the Company's reports. The contents of the Company's
Internet website are not intended to be, nor shall they be considered
incorporated by reference into any of the reports the Company files with the
SEC.
Item 2-Properties
The principal executive offices of the Company are located in the Old
Republic Building in Chicago, Illinois. This Company owned building contains
151,000 square feet of floor space of which approximately 50%54% is occupied by Old
Republic, and the remainder is leased to others. In addition to the
Company-owned principal executive offices, a subsidiary of the Title Insurance
Group partially occupies its headquarters building. This building contains
110,000 square feet of floor space of which approximately 65% is occupied by the
Old Republic National Title Insurance Company. The remainder of the building is
leased to others. ElevenNine smaller buildings are owned by Old Republic and its
subsidiaries in various parts of the country and are primarily used for its
business. The carrying value of all buildings and related land at December 31,
19982002 was approximately $18.3$20.4 million.
Certain other operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are directed
from leased premises. See Note 4(b) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements for a summary of all material lease obligations.
Item 3-Legal Proceedings
There are no material legalLegal proceedings against the Company other than
those arisingarise in the normal course of
business and which generallyusually pertain to claim matters arising fromrelated to insurance policies and
contracts issued by the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries. However, various governmental entities haveOther unusual
litigation is discussed below.
In December 1999, a class action lawsuit was filed against the Company in
the Federal District Court for the Southern District of Georgia. The suit
alleges that the Company provided pool insurance and other services to mortgage
lenders at preferential, below market prices in return for mortgage insurance
business, and that such practices violated the Real Estate Settlement Procedures
Act. The Court ruled in favor of a summary judgment motion filed by the Company
and dismissed the lawsuit. The class plaintiffs appealed, and the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated the judgment and remanded the case back
to the District Court. The Company filed a motion seeking a summary judgment on
grounds asserted in its earlier motion but not considered by the District Court.
On February 5, 2003, the District Court denied the plaintiffs' motions to
certify a class in both the lawsuit against the Company and a similar lawsuit
pending before the same Court against another mortgage guaranty insurer. While
the Court's decision is appealable, it is not known whether the plaintiffs will
seek an appeal, and accordingly, the ultimate outcome of this litigation cannot
be foreseen. Between 2000 and 2002, the Company has paid or performed
examinationsotherwise provided
cumulatively $17.8 million, the majority of the recordswhich was incurred in 2002, to cover
legal defenses and other costs associated with this litigation.
The City and County of San Francisco and certain escrow customers of an
underwritten title agency subsidiary operatingheadquartered in the State of California
which is consolidated in these financial statements.
These actions allegehave filed lawsuits alleging that 1) the subsidiarysubsidiary: 1) failed to escheat unclaimed
escrow funds; 2) charged for services not necessarily provided; and 3) collected
illegal interest payments or fees from banks on the basis of funds held for
escrow customers. Additional suits seeking class action status have been filed
on the basis of the same allegations.
Between July 1998, when the Company learned of these actions and February
1999 when a draft examination report was received from a regulatory authority,
theThe subsidiary in turn conducted an internal review of its
records and concluded that it had certain liabilities for part of the issues
denoted asat (1) and (2) in the preceding
paragraph. Through December 31, 1998 it had paid or otherwise provided reserves
aggregating $19.5 million to cover its best estimate of litigation and related
costs associated with these issues. Management believes that. The subsidiary defended against the alleged practicespractice
denoted inat (3) inon the preceding paragraph,grounds that such practices are common within the
industry, are not in conflict with variousany laws andor regulations, and that itother
meritorious defenses. The consolidated lawsuits have been tried and a judgment
rendered, affirming in part and denying in part the subsidiary's defenses. In
the aggregate, the judgment, excluding post-judgment interest, amounts to
approximately $33.0 million. The subsidiary has meritorious defenses, whichappealed the most significant
portions of the judgment, and management believes the judgment will ultimately lead to a successful resolutionbe
substantially reduced on appeal. Through December 31, 2002, the subsidiary has
continually evaluated its exposures since the litigation began and has paid or
otherwise provided cumulatively $50.0 million including its best estimate of its
remaining liability and costs associated with all these matters.issues.
Item 4-Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
Item 4(a)-ExecutiveNone.
14
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Name Age Position
- ---------------------- --- ----------------------------------
Paul D. Adams 53 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
since 1990 and Treasurer since 1993.
Spencer LeRoy, III 52 Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and
Secretary since 1992.
William A. Simpson 57 Senior Vice President/ Mortgage Guaranty, and
Director since 1980. President since 1972The following table sets forth certain information as of Republic Mortgage Insurance Company, a wholly-
owned subsidiary.
A. C. Zucaro 59December 31, 2002,
regarding the executive officers of the Company:
Name Age Position
- --------------------------- --- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
John S. Adams 45 Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since August, 2001.
Charles S. Boone 49 Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer since
August, 2001.
James A. Kellogg 51 Senior Vice President/General Insurance and President of Old Republic
Insurance Company since October, 2002.
Spencer LeRoy, III 56 Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since 1992.
William A. Simpson 61 Senior Vice President/Mortgage Guaranty, and Director since 1980.
President since 1972 of Republic Mortgage Insurance Company, a
wholly-owned subsidiary.
A.C. Zucaro 63 Chief Executive Officer, President, Director and Chairman of the
Board since 1990, 1981, 1976 and 1993, respectively.
The term of office of each officer of the Company expires on the date of
the annual meeting of the board of directors, which is generally held in May of
each year. There is no family relationship between any of the executive officers
named above. Each of these named officers has been employed in executive
capacities with the Company and/or its subsidiaries for the past five years.
15
PART II
Item 5 -5- Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Security Holder
Matters
The Company's common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol "ORI". The high and low closing prices as reported on the New York
Stock Exchange, and cash dividends declared for each quarterly period during the
past two years were as follows:
Closing Price
----------------------------------------------------- Cash
High Low Dividends
-------- ------------------- ----------- ---------
1st quarter 1997............................................................2001................................................... $ 18.2532.00 $ 16.7525.56 $ .073.14
2nd quarter 1997............................................................ 20.75 16.42 .0872001................................................... 29.37 27.40 .15
3rd quarter 1997............................................................ 26.54 20.25 .0872001................................................... 29.01 22.65 .15
4th quarter 1997............................................................2001................................................... $ 26.5928.11 $ 23.1723.74 $ .087
======== ========.15
=========== =========== =========
1st quarter 1998............................................................2002................................................... $ 30.0932.45 $ 23.7927.15 $ .087.15
2nd quarter 1998............................................................ 31.88 27.38 .1002002................................................... 34.73 30.51 .16
3rd quarter 1998............................................................ 30.88 22.06 .1002002................................................... 32.64 25.28 .16
4th quarter 1998............................................................2002................................................... $ 23.6932.20 $ 18.0026.06 $ .100
======== ========.16
=========== =========== =========
As of January 29, 1999,31, 2003, there were 3,6513,043 registered holders of the
Company's Common Stock. See NotesNote 3(b) and 3(c) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements for a description of certain regulatory restrictions on the payment
of dividends by Old Republic's insurance subsidiaries and certain restrictions
under the terms of Old Republic's loan agreements.subsidiaries. Closing prices have been
restated, as necessary, to reflect all stock dividends and splits declared
through December 31, 1998.
162002.
15
Item 6-Selected Financial Data
Years Ended December 31,
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
1997 1996 1995 1994------------ ------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------------------- ------------
FINANCIAL POSITION ($ millions):
Cash and Invested Assets (a)........... $ 4,948.66,168.2 $ 4,819.95,586.7 $ 4,521.85,144.3 $ 4,415.24,828.5 $ 3,906.44,948.6
Other Assets........................... 2,547.1 2,333.4 2,137.1 2,109.8 2,071.1 2,103.5 2,134.3 2,178.2 2,356.5
Total Assets.................... 8,715.4 7,920.2 7,281.4 6,938.4 7,019.7 6,923.4 6,656.2 6,593.5 6,262.9
Liabilities, Other than Debt........... 5,417.9 4,977.1 4,604.0 4,530.8 4,569.1
4,627.2 4,581.5 4,587.9 4,543.4
Debt and Debt Equivalents..............Debt................................... 141.5 159.0 238.0 208.3 145.1 142.9 154.0 320.5 314.7
Total Liabilities............... 5,559.5 5,136.1 4,842.0 4,739.2 4,714.2 4,770.2 4,735.6 4,908.4 4,858.1
Preferred Stock........................ - .3 .7 .7 1.2 1.0 20.6 72.5 75.4
Common Shareholders' Equity............ 3,155.8 2,783.7 2,438.7 2,198.4 2,304.2 2,152.1 1,900.0 1,612.5 1,329.3
Total Capitalization (b)........ $ 3,297.4 $ 2,943.1 $ 2,677.4 $ 2,407.5 $ 2,450.6
$ 2,296.1 $ 2,074.6 $ 2,005.6 $ 1,719.5============ ============ ============= ============= ============= ============= ========================= ============
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ($ millions):
Net Premiums and Fees Earned........... $ 1,810.62,423.9 $ 1,628.02,029.5 $ 1,507.71,736.8 $ 1,374.01,781.7 $ 1,423.21,810.6
Net Investment and Other IncomeIncome........ 318.5 314.1 300.1 290.8 308.1 308.4 281.0 272.1 248.0
Realized Investment Gains.............. 13.9 29.7 33.6 29.5 53.0
26.3 15.1 49.7 7.7
Net Revenues....................Revenues................... 2,756.4 2,373.4 2,070.6 2,102.1 2,171.7 1,962.8 1,803.9 1,695.9 1,679.0
Benefits, Claims, Settlement
Expenses and Dividends............... 974.8 860.5 761.2 833.0 782.1 787.6 752.0 747.9 761.2
Underwriting and Other ExpensesExpenses........ 1,220.6 1,008.9 882.9 952.0 922.8
748.5 709.4 631.9 691.9Pretax Income..................... 560.9 503.9 426.4 317.0 466.7
Income Taxes....................Taxes.......................... 167.7 159.7 131.0 92.9 145.8
129.2 108.5 103.6 73.4
Income Before Items Below.............. 323.7 298.1 234.8 212.7 151.0
Extraordinary Item (c)................. - - (4.4) - -
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net Income......................Income........................ $ 392.9 $ 346.9 $ 297.5 $ 226.8 $ 323.7
$ 298.1 $ 230.3 $ 212.7 $ 151.0============ ============ ============ ============= ============= ============= ============= =========================
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMON SHARE DATA DATA:(d):
Net Income:
Basic Earnings (e):
Income Before Items Below............(c)............................. $ 2.353.26 $ 2.222.92 $ 2.49 $ 1.76 $ 1.762.35
============ ============ ============ ============ ============
Diluted .............................. $ 1.23
Extraordinary Item (c)............... - - (.03) - -
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net Income......................3.23 $ 2.352.88 $ 2.222.47 $ 1.73 $ 1.76 $ 1.23
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Diluted Earnings (f):
Income Before Items Below............1.75 $ 2.33
============ ============ ============ ============ ============
Dividends: Cash........................ $ 2.10.630 $ 1.62.590 $ 1.52.550 $ 1.08
Extraordinary Item (c)............... - - (.03) - -
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net Income...................... $ 2.33 $ 2.10 $ 1.59 $ 1.52 $ 1.08
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Dividends: Cash......................490 $ .387
$ .333 $ .278 $ .227 $ .209
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Stock.................... 50%============ ============ ============ ============ ============
Stock....................... -% -% -% -% 50%
-% -%
============= ============= ============= ============= ========================= ============ ============ ============ ============
Book Value.............................Value.............................. $ 26.17 $ 23.40 $ 20.62 $ 17.99 $ 17.27
$ 15.59 $ 14.57 $ 13.58 $ 11.46
============= ============= ============= ============= ========================= ============ ============ ============ ============
Common Shares (thousands):
Outstanding..........................Outstanding........................... 120,598 118,977 118,253 122,199 133,402
138,069 130,408 118,716 115,956
============= ============= ============= ============= ========================= ============ ============ ============ ============
Average and Equivalent Shares:
Basic....................Basic.................. 120,575 118,957 119,318 128,958 137,347
133,659 129,030 117,243 116,740
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Diluted..................============ ============ ============ ============ ============
Diluted................ 121,548 120,327 120,197 129,786 139,150
141,768 141,967 138,926 138,729
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------============ ============ ============ ============ ============
See Notes on Following Page
17
Notes to Item 6-Selected Financial Data
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) Consists of cash, investments and investment income due and accrued.
(b) Total capitalization consists of debt, and debt equivalents, preferred stock, and common
shareholders' equity.
(c) In February 1996, the Company called for the redemption of its 10%
debentures maturing in 2018 ($75.0 principal amount), and its 5.75%
convertible subordinated debentures maturing in 2002 ($110.0 principal
amount). In April 1996, the Company called for redemption its 11.5%
debentures maturing in 2015 ($30.0 principal amount). Redemption of the
debentures was effected with internally available funds, while the
subordinated debentures were converted by their terms into approximately
9.6 million Old Republic common shares. The early retirement of the
Company's debentures produced a net of tax charge of $4.4 or $.03 per share
that has been reflected as an extraordinary item in 1996.
(d) Effective in 1997, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Statement (FAS)
No. 128 "Earnings Per Share" which establishes a new methodology for
computing earnings per share. It replaces Primary Earnings Per Share with
Basic Earnings Per Share. Basic Earnings Per Share excludes the dilutive
effect of common stock equivalents and is computed by dividing income
available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common
shares actually outstanding for the period. Diluted Earnings Per Share per
FAS-128 is computed in a fashion similar to the former Fully Diluted
Earnings Per Share as required by prior authoritative FASB pronouncements.
Prior year data has been retroactively restated.
(e) Calculated after deduction of preferred stock dividend requirements of $.2
in 1998, $1.7 in 1997, $7.5 in 1996, $6.7 in 1995 and $7.0 in 1994.
(f) Calculated after deductionminor amounts of preferred stock dividend requirements and, as
applicable, after adjustment for post-tax convertible debentures interest
of $4.0 in 1996, $.6 in 1995 and $.9 in 1994.
18cash
dividends.
(d) All per share statistics herein have been restated to reflect all stock
dividends or splits declared through December 31, 2002.
16
Item 7-Management Analysis of Financial Position and Results of Operations
($ in Millions, Except Share Data)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVERVIEW
This analysis pertains to the consolidated accounts of Old Republic
International Corporation.Corporation which are presented on the basis of generally accepted
accounting principles ("GAAP"). The Company conducts its business through four
majorseparate segments, namely its General (property and liability coverages),
Mortgage Guaranty, Title, and Life insurance groups. NON-RECURRING ITEMSThis information should be
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related
footnotes thereto included elsewhere in this document.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
During 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued two
pronouncements affecting accounting for business combinations occurring after
June 30, 2001, and the related treatment of goodwill and intangible assets
recorded pursuant to such or earlier combinations. In general terms, the first
pronouncement requires that business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001
be treated as purchases for financial accounting purposes, that the alternative
pooling of interests method of accounting be eliminated, and that identifiable
assets meeting certain criteria for intangibles be set apart from any purchased
goodwill. This pronouncement had no impact on the Company in 2001. Under the
second pronouncement, which took effect for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2001, all goodwill resulting from business combinations will no
longer be amortized against operations but must be tested periodically for
possible impairment of its carried value. Within six months of application of
this second pronouncement, a transitional goodwill impairment test needs to be
performed and any resulting charge is to be reported as a change in accounting
principle. As of December 31, 2001, the Company's consolidated unamortized
goodwill asset balance was $84.8, and the average annual charge from goodwill
amortization to operating results for the three calendar years ended 2001 was
approximately $4.0 (or 3 cents per average diluted share). The Company completed
the transitional goodwill impairment test required by FAS 142 in the first
quarter of 1997, several life insurance subsidiaries
recovered income taxes2002 and related accumulated interest due to favorable
resolution with the Internal Revenue Servicedetermined that there was no indication of various outstanding issues
pertaining to income tax returns for the years 1979 through 1982. These cash
recoveries, net of miscellaneous charges, increased other income by $12.6,
reduced income tax expense by $5.9 and increased after-tax consolidated earnings
by $14.2 ($0.10 per diluted common share) for the year ended December 31, 1997.goodwill or
intangible asset impairment.
FINANCIAL POSITION
Old Republic'sThe Company's financial position at December 31, 19982002 reflected increases
in assets, liabilities and common shareholders' equity of 1.4%10.0%, 8.2% and 7.1%13.4%,
respectively, and a
decrease in liabilities of 1.2% when compared to the immediately preceding year-end. Cash and
invested assets represented 70.5%70.8% and 69.6%70.5% of consolidated assets as of
December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, respectively. Consolidated results produced positive
operating cash flows for the latest three years. The increases in operating cash
flow for these years were mostly due to greater contributions by the Company's
three largest operating segments. In 2002, the invested asset base increased
10.4% to $6,168.2 principally as a result of such greater operating cash flow.
Relatively high short-term maturity investment positions are generallywere maintained to provide necessary liquidity for specific operating needsas of
December 31, 2002 and to
enhance flexibility in2001. Such investment strategy. Changes in short-term investmentspositions reflect a large variety of
seasonal and intermediate-term factors including seasonalcurrent operating needs,
expected operating cash needs,flows, and investment strategy and expectations as to
trends in interest yields.considerations.
Accordingly, the future level of short-term investments will vary and respond to
the dynamicsinterplay of these factors and may, as a result, increase or decrease from
current levels. During 19982002 and 1997,2001, the Corporation committed substantially allmost investable
funds in short to intermediate-term fixed maturity securities with an emphasis on tax-exempt
bonds.and equity
securities. Old Republic continues to adhere to its long-term policy of
investing primarily in investment grade, marketable securities; investable funds
have not been directed to so-called "junk bonds" or types of securities
categorized as derivatives. Old Republic's commitment to equity securities
during 19982002 increased by 40.7% vis-a-visin relation to the related invested balance at year-end
1997.2001 due to portfolio additions offset by net unrealized losses. At December 31,
1998,2002, the Company had nocarrying value of fixed maturity investments in default as to
principal and/or interest.interest was immaterial in relation to consolidated assets or
shareholders' equity.
The Company does not own or utilize derivative financial instruments for
the purpose of hedging, enhancing the overall return of its investment
portfolio, or reducing the cost of its debt obligations. Old Republic employs
traditionalTraditional investment
management tools and techniques are employed to address the yield and valuation
exposures of its invested assets.assets base. The long termlong-term fixed maturity investment
portfolio is managed so as to limit various risks inherent in the bond market.
Credit risk is addressed through adequateasset diversification and the purchase of
investment grade securities. Reinvestment rate risk is controlled by
concentrating on non-callable issues, and throughby taking asset-liability matching
practices. Purchasespractices into account; purchases of mortgage and asset backed securities, which
have variable principal prepayment options, are generally avoided. Market value
risk is limited through the purchase of bonds of intermediate maturity. The
combination of these investment management tenets generally providesis expected to produce a more
stable long termlong-term fixed maturity investment portfolio that is not subject to
extreme interest rate sensitivity and principal deterioration. The market value
of the Company's long termlong-term fixed maturity investment portfolio is sensitive,
however, to fluctuations in the level of interest rates, but not materially
affected by changes in anticipated cash flows caused by any prepayments. The
impact of interest rate movements on the long termlong-term fixed maturity investment
portfolio generally affects net realizedunrealized gains or losses whenas to securities
are
sold.classified as available for sale. With a market value of approximately $4,376.7,$5,344.2,
the long termlong-term fixed maturity investment portfolio has an average maturity of 4.63.9
17
years and an indicated duration of 3.9. This implies that a 100 basis point parallel increase
in interest rates from current levels would result in a possible decline in the
market value of the long term fixed maturity investment portfolio of
approximately 3.9%, or $173.3.5. With regard to its $162.1 common stock$513.5 equity
portfolio, the Company does not own nor engage in any type of option writing.
A 10%
decrease in the U.S. equity market prices could result in a decrease of $16.2 in
the market value of the Company's common stock portfolio. These possiblePossible declines in values for Old Republic's bond and stock portfolios
wouldcould affect negatively the level of the common shareholders' equity account at
any point in time, but would not necessarily result in the recognition of
realized investment losses as long aslosses. In such circumstances, the likely combination of
positive operating cash flowflows and the ongoingscheduled emergence of maturities from the
Company's short duration bond 19
maturities continued toportfolio should provide sufficient funds to meet
obligations to policyholders and claimants, as well as debt service and cash
dividend requirements at the holding company level. Consolidated operations produced positive cash flowsThe Company reviews the
status and market value changes of its securities portfolio on at least a
quarterly basis during the year, and any provisions for other than temporary
impairments in the portfolio's value are evaluated and established at each
quarterly balance sheet date. In management's opinion, the Company's high
quality and diversified portfolio, which consists largely of publicly traded
securities, has been a basic reason for the latest three
years. Higher cash flowabsence of major impairment
provisions in 1997 vis-a-vis 1996the periods reported upon. The combination of gains and 1998 waslosses on
sales of securities and such provisions or write-downs of securities are
reflected as realized gains and losses in the income statement. In reviewing
investments for other than temporary impairment, the Company, in addition to a
security's market price history, considers the issuer's operating results,
financial condition and liquidity, its ability to access capital markets, credit
rating trends, most current audit opinion, industry and securities markets
conditions, and analyst expectations, in their totality to reach its
conclusions. The Company recognized other than temporary impairments of
investments in the amounts of $19.0 and $6.7 for the years ended December 31,
2002 and 2001, respectively; no such impairments were recognized during the year
ended December 31, 2000. Unrealized gains or losses on securities classified as
available for sale and carried at fair value are reflected directly in
shareholders' equity.
Among other major assets, substantially all of the Company's receivables
are not past due, mainlyand reinsurance recoverable balances on paid or estimated
unpaid losses are deemed to higher
operating cash flowbe fairly stated and recoverable from solvent
reinsurers. Deferred policy acquisition costs are estimated by taking into
account the variable costs of producing specific types of insurance policies,
and evaluating their recoverability on the basis of recent trends in Old Republic's general insurance segment.claims
costs. The Company's mortgage, titledeferred acquisition cost balances have not fluctuated
materially from period to period and life segments' cash flow from operations have been greater
in eachdo not represent significant percentages of
the last three years.assets, shareholders' equity, or premium reserves.
The parent holding company has metmeets its liquidity and capital needs
principally through dividends paid by its subsidiaries. The insurance
subsidiaries' ability to pay cash dividends to the parent company is generally
restricted by law or subject to approval of the insurance regulatory authorities
of the states in which they are domiciled. Additionally, the termsIn contemplation of guarantees
bysuch restrictions
and approvals, the Company of bank loanscan receive up to $227.4 in dividends from its
subsidiaries in 2003. The liquidity achievable through such permitted dividend
payments is more than adequate to cover the trustee ofparent holding company's cash
outflow represented mostly by interest on outstanding debt and quarterly cash
dividend payments to shareholders. In addition, Old Republic can access the
Company's Employees Savings
and Stock Ownership Plan restrict the amount of debtcommercial paper market for up to $150.0 to meet unanticipated liquidity needs.
During 2002, the Company may incur; this
covenant is being met.used a part of available cash flow to redeem a portion
of its commercial paper outstanding, thereby reducing consolidated debt by
approximately $15.0.
Old Republic's capitalization of $2,450.6$3,297.4 at December 31, 19982002 consisted of
debt and debt equivalents of $145.1,$141.5, a minor amount of convertible preferred stock, of $1.2, and common
shareholders' equity of $2,304.2. The increase$3,155.8. Changes in the common shareholders' equity
account duringfor the past three most recent years reflectsreflect primarily the retention of
earnings in excess of dividends declared on outstanding preferred and common
shares, the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock in
1997, the issuance of additional shares to effect a debt conversion in 1996, and
an increase during 1998 and 1997 compared to a decrease during 1996 in the value of bonds and stocksinvestments carried at market value. Common shareholders' equity
increasesfair values, and the
repurchase of $66.4 in 1998 and 1997 were partially offset by2000 of the acquisition of $151.1
and $62.1, respectively, ofCompany's common stockshares in open market
transactions. In March 2000, the Company canceled 36.4 million common shares
previously reported as treasury stock, restoring them to unissued status; this
had no effect on total shareholders' equity or the financial condition of the
Company. At its March, 12, 19982002 meeting, the Company's Board of Directors authorized
the reacquisition of up to $150.0$200.0 of common shares as market conditions would
warrant
during the twenty-four monthtwo year period from that date; no stock had as ofyet been acquired
through December 31, 1998, a total of $31.9 of2002 pursuant to this authorization remained unutilized.
In February 1996, the Company called for the redemption of its 10%
debentures maturing in 2018 ($75.0 principal amount) and its 5.75% convertible
subordinated debentures maturing in 2002 ($110.0 principal amount). In April
1996, the Company called for the redemption of its 11.5% debentures maturing in
2015 ($30.0 principal amount); redemption of these debentures was financed with
internally available funds, while the subordinated debentures were converted by
their terms into approximately 9.6 million Old Republic common shares. As a
result of these redemptions and conversions, the Company's debt declined by
$215.0 while its common shareholders' equity account rose by $108.6 during 1996.
The early retirement of the debentures produced a net of tax charge of $4.4
($0.03 per diluted common share) that has been reflected as an extraordinary
item in 1996. In December 1996, the Company redeemed all ($54.8) of its Series
"H" cumulative preferred stock with available funds. During the second quarter
of 1997, the Company issued $115.0 of 7% debentures maturing June 15, 2007;
proceeds from this offering were used principally to redeem commercial paper
debt.authorization.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues:
Pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles applicable to the
insurance industry, benefits, claims, and expenses are associated with the
related revenues by means of the provision for policy benefits, the deferral and
subsequent amortization of acquisition costs, and the recognition of incurred
benefits, claims and operating expenses.
General insurance (property and liability) and level-term credit life
insurance premiums are reflected in income on a pro-rata basis. Earned but
unbilled premiums are generally taken into income on the billing date, and
adjustments for retrospective premiums, commissions and similar charges are
accrued on the basis of periodic evaluations of current underwriting experience
and contractual obligations. First year and renewal mortgage guaranty premiums
are recognized as income on a straight-line basis except that a portion of first
year premiums received for certain high risk policies is deferred and reported
as earned over the estimated policy life, including renewal periods. Single
premiums for mortgage guaranty policies covering more than one year are earned
on an accelerated basis over the policy term. Title insurance premiums are
recognized as income upon the substantial completion of the policy issuance
process. Title abstract, escrow, service, and other fees are taken into income
at the time of closing of the related escrow. Ordinary life premiums are
18
recognized as revenue when due. Decreasing term credit life and credit
disability/accident & health insurance premiums are generally earned on a
sum-of-the-years-digits or similar method.
The composition of Old Republic's earned premiums and fees for the periods
reported upon was as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
General Insurance Group........ $ 1,184.1 $ 1,000.2 $ 857.8
Mortgage Guaranty Group........ 376.2 353.1 331.4
Title Insurance Group.......... 813.4 625.3 494.0
Life Insurance Group........... 50.1 50.6 53.4
Consolidated.............. $ 2,423.9 $ 2,029.5 $ 1,736.8
============= ============== =============
Consolidated net premiums and fees earned increased by 11.2%19.4% in 2002 and
16.9% in 2001 and decreased by 2.5% in 2000. Earned premiums in the General
Insurance Group increased 18.4%, 8.0%16.6% and 9.7%0.5% in 1998, 19972002, 2001 and 1996, respectively. Property2000,
respectively, as a result of positive pricing and liability earned premiums
decreased 0.4% in 1998 and increased 4.5% in 1997 and 1.9% in 1996; premium
production trends in this segment inrisk selection changes the
Company has effected during the past three years, wereas well as additional business
produced in an environment marked by a more restrictive marketing stance on the
part of many competitors. During 2002 and 2001 in particular, Old Republic
experienced greater success in retaining existing accounts and obtaining new
accounts at generally affectedrising prices. Mortgage guaranty premium income trends
reflect greater sales opportunities arising from strong housing and mortgage
lending markets, offset in part by the continuationa high level of mortgage refinancing activity
and a soft pricing environment for most insurance
coverages. Growth ingreater amount of reinsurance cessions. High loan refinancing activity
tends to reduce mortgage guaranty premiums for the past three years was
enhanced principallyinsurers' policies in force, and thus renewal
premium production, since previously insured mortgages may no longer require
coverage or may become insured by a rise in the amount of renewal business, by territorial
expansion, and by relatively strong mortgage lending activity, though 1998
premium revenue growth was hindered by higher loan refinancings.competitors. Title Group premiumspremium and fee
revenues increased 38.9%by 30.1% and 26.6% in 1998, 9.4%2002 and 2001, respectively, but
declined by 13.9% in 1997 and 20.3% in
1996. Greater housing and mortgage finance activity were the main reasons2000. These results reflect a continuation of favorable
market conditions for the risesale of new and used homes, and most importantly
strong mortgage refinancing activity driven by a fairy consistent drop in
revenuesmortgage rates during 2001 and 2002. The decline in these years.2000 title premiums and fees
resulted mostly from a substantial drop in mortgage refinancing activity. Life
and disability premiumpremiums volume increased duringhas continued to reflect the last threeflattish trends of
the past several years as a result of greater termgrowth for the Company's limited product offerings has
been inhibited by significant price competition among life and accident insurance production.
Nethealth insurers.
Consolidated net investment income was down 0.8% in 2002 and grew by 0.9%, 3.9%0.3%
and 3.4%4.1% in 1998, 19972001 and 1996,2000, respectively. For each of the past three years, this
revenue source was affected by positive consolidated operating cash flows, and by a
concentration of investable assets in interest-bearing fixed maturity
securities. The Company,
as previously mentioned, used internal fundssecurities, and by changes in 1998 and 1997 for open market purchases of its common stock and in 1996 to redeem certain debt and preferred
stock, thus reducing the size and earning power of its invested asset base.yields. The average annual yield on
investments was 5.7%5.1%, 5.9%5.6%, and 6.0%5.9% for the years ended December 31, 1998, 19972002, 2001
and 1996,2000, respectively. This yield pattern reflectsYield trends reflect at once the relatively short
20
maturity of Old Republic's fixed maturity securities portfolio, a generally
declining interest rate climate during the past three years, and the commitmentcontinuation
of a larger percentage of investable funds to tax-exempt fixed maturity
securities thatprogressively lower yield environment during 2002 and 2001, a slight
uptrend in yields in 2000, and a moderate increase in equity investments which
typically bearproduce lower pre-taxcurrent yields.
While theThe Company's investment policies have not been designed to maximize
realized investment gains, suchgains. Net realized gains were higherlower in 19982002 than those
registered in 19972001 and 1996. Dispositions2000, and result from the dispositions and aforementioned
write-downs of securities have been caused principally by
calls prior tofixed maturity by issuers of bonds and notes, and by sales of equity securities. In 1998, 58.3%Dispositions of total fixed
maturity securities dispositions
represented contractualarise mostly from scheduled maturities and early callscalls; for
2002, 2001 and 2000, 74.9%, 88.7% and 79.9%, respectively, of existing holdings; for the
year 1997 and 1996all such
dispositions resulted from these amounted to 76.9% and 72.5%, respectively.factors.
Expenses:
Consolidated benefit, claim,The percentage of net benefits, claims, and related settlement costs, as a percentage
of netexpenses
measured against premiums and fees earned, were approximately 43.2% in 1998, 48.4% in 1997
and 49.9% in 1996. Variations in these ratios, particularly in 1998, are
partially due to the growth in revenuerelated fee revenues of the mortgage guaranty and titleCompany's operating
segments which have lower loss ratios than the general insurance segment.were as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
General Insurance Group........ 72.6% 75.3% 77.9%
Mortgage Guaranty Group........ 14.1% 16.1% 15.0%
Title Insurance Group.......... 5.0% 4.0% 3.6%
Life Insurance Group........... 58.0% 59.7% 55.3%
Consolidated.............. 40.2% 42.4% 43.9%
============= ============== =============
The general insurance portion of the claims ratio improved in 2002 compared
to 2001 which also reflected an improvement over 2000. The downtrend in this
major cost factor reflects largely the aforementioned pricing and risk selection
improvements effected in the past thirty-six months or so. In addition to the
effect of a soft pricing environment for most property and liability coverages
during the 1990's, greater severity for recent loss occurrences was mainly
responsible for the higher general insurance claim ratio was affected positively by
improving claims experience for liability insurance coverages and reduced costs
associated with involuntary workers compensation pools; this was in part offset
by higher loss ratios for physical damage coverages and a moderate amount of
catastrophe claims in 1996 and 1998.2000. The loss ratio forlower 2002
mortgage guaranty insurance decreasedclaims ratio results from a decline in 1998 compared to 1997 which itself had decreased slightly
compared to that of 1996;claim provisions driven
principally by a drop in expected claim severity, while the improvement in the
2000 ratio was mostly attributable to the stablestrong employment and good general
economic conditions of the past several years which have led to reduced mortgage
defaults particularlyreasonably stable loan default rates and higher
cure rates for loans exhibiting payment difficulties. A small increase in 2001
19
was largely the California market.result of a moderately higher loan default rate factor. The
title insurance loss ratio has been relatively flat in the low single digits in each of the past
three years due in part to a continuation of favorable trends in claims frequency and
severity for business underwritten since 1992.1992 in particular. The uptrend in the
2002 title insurance loss ratio stems from a rise in the net provision for
ultimate claim costs from the historically low levels achieved in years 2001 and
2000. Old Republic's life and health benefit and claims ratio, though reasonably
stable in the periods reported upon, can vary widely from period to period due
to the relatively small size of this segment's book of business and the material
impact that even a slight change in frequency or severity of death and health
claims can have. The consolidated benefit and claim ratio reflects the changing
effect of period to period contributions of each segment to consolidated results
and this ratio's variances within each segment.
Consolidated benefit, claim, and related settlement costs for each of the
Company's business segments are affected by the adequacy of reserves established
for current and prior years' claim occurrences. Such reserves are recorded on a
case by case basis and by means of a large number of formulas and calculations
to cover known as well as incurred but not as yet reported claims at each
balance sheet date. In the aggregate, the Company's record in establishing such
reserves has not indicated deficiencies for many years. However, the reserves
posted by insurers such as the Company are necessarily based on a wide variety
of estimates made by a large number of employees and third parties such as
independent claim adjusters and attorneys, can be affected by lagging claim
emergence or reporting delays, and their ultimate disposition is subject to a
multitude of economic, political, judicial and societal factors that cannot be
anticipated or quantified accurately. Accordingly, there can be no guaranty that
such reserves will always be on the mark.
The Company's mix of coverages, industries served, and long-standing
objective of assuring wide dispersion of risks in selected geographical areas
minimized claim exposures related to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on
America. The income statement for the year ended December 31, 2001 nonetheless
included charges aggregating approximately $4.0 to cover isolated property,
workers' compensation, trip delay and life insurance claims; the resulting
aggregate post tax charge of $2.6 reduced consolidated net income 2 cents per
share.
The ratio of consolidated underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses
to net premiums and fees earned was approximately 50.2%47.9% in 1998, 45.2%2002, 46.5% in 19972001 and 46.0%47.7% in
1996.2000. Variations in these consolidated ratios reflect a continually changing mix
of coverages sold and attendant costs of producing business.business in the Company's
four business segments. The property and
liabilityfollowing table sets forth the expense ratios
recorded by each business segment for the periods shown:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
General Insurance Group........ 25.8% 26.7% 28.1%
Mortgage Guaranty Group........ 32.3% 27.5% 29.6%
Title Insurance Group.......... 85.6% 87.2% 92.4%
Life Insurance Group........... 42.5% 45.4% 50.6%
Consolidated.............. 47.9% 46.5% 47.7%
============= ============== =============
Expense ratios for the Company as a whole have remained basically stable
for the periods reported upon. The slight downtrend in the General Insurance
Group's expense ratio reflects the benefits of firm general expense management
in the face of a greater revenue base. The mortgage guaranty segment's expense
ratios increasedratio decreased in 1998 compared2001 and 2000 due to 1997greater efficiencies gained in the
distribution and 1996servicing of its products; the increase in this ratio for 2002
was due to the posting of special operating charges aggregating $20.5. These
charges stemmed from the cessation of the development and marketing of a loan
portfolio evaluation service aimed at existing and potential mortgage guaranty
insurance customers, and a reassessment of certain class action litigation
exposures. The title insurance expense ratio was higher in 2000 due in part to
the previously mentioned premium production trends. During the
past three years, the mortgage guaranty segment, particularly in 1998,
experienced higher operating expenses due to greater costs associated with
contract underwriting operations. The title insurance expense ratio has trended
lower, especially in 1998, due in part to an increasedecline or reduced growth in premium and feesfee volume withoutrelative to operating
costs; a proportional increasemuch increased title sales volume in expenses, though higher litigation2001 and related costs in the second half of 1998 increased this segment's2002 led to a lower
expense ratio by approximately 3.5% for the year as a whole.those years. Consumer and regulatory litigation affecting Old
Republic's California title insurance subsidiary was responsible for expenses of
$3.4, $6.8 and $4.1 charged to 2002, 2001 and 2000 operations, respectively.
Consolidated interest and other corporate charges were approximately the samedecreased in 1998 and 1997 compared2002 due
primarily to 1996, due
principally to the aforementioned reduction in outstanding debt.
Pre-Taxreduced interest costs on a declining debt level.
Pretax and Net Income:
Consolidated income before taxes increased by 9.4%11.3%, 24.6%18.2% and 8.3%34.5% in
1998,
19972002, 2001 and 1996,2000, respectively. The following table reflects each segment's
contribution to pretax operating results, which excludes realized investments
gains or losses:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
General Insurance Group........ $ 182.1 $ 141.4 $ 116.9
Mortgage Guaranty Group........ 267.7 261.9 240.1
Title Insurance Group.......... 97.8 74.6 40.3
Life Insurance Group........... 6.4 4.9 5.3
Consolidated.............. $ 546.9 $ 474.2 $ 392.7
============= ============== =============
20
General insurance results declinedimproved meaningfully in 1998 compared
to 1997, due to poorer2002, 2001 and 2000 by
virtue of the better underwriting experience produced by the above noted factors
that affected loss and a slight decrease in
investment income; 1997 results increased compared to 1996 due to improved
underwriting results in Old Republic's three largest segments and a slight
increase in investment income. The general insurance segment continued as the
largest contributor to consolidated earnings for eachexpense ratios. Further growth of the periods reported
upon. The mortgage guaranty segment reflected rising earnings in each of the
last three years due to increased revenues generating higher
income from underwriting operations and a greater invested assets base. Increases in title
insurance earnings during the past three years resulted frominvestments, and accelerated growth in premiums and
fees a stable loss ratio and a reductionfrom greater refinancing activity which benefited the Title Insurance Group
in expense ratios.particular, also led to greater contributions to consolidated pretax
operating earnings by these segments. Life and disability operations excluding the aforementioned non-recurring tax recovery
item in 1997, have posted relatively flatregistered
increased earnings in the past three years.2002 and 2000 and decreased earnings in 2001 mostly as a
result of varying benefit and claims costs.
The effective consolidated income tax rates were 31.2%29.9% in 1998, 30.3%2002, 31.7% in
19972001 and 31.6%30.7% in 1996.2000. The effective tax rate was reduced and net earnings were
enhanced by tax and related interest recoveries of $10.9, or 9 cents per share
in 2002 from the favorable resolution of tax issues dating back to the Company's
1987 tax return. Otherwise, the rates for each year reflect primarily the
varying proportions of pre-taxpretax operating income derived from tax-exemptpartially
tax-sheltered investment income (principally tax-exempt interest) on the one
hand, and the combination of fully taxable investment income, realized
investment gains, and underwriting and service income, on the other hand. The lower rate in 1997 was also affected positively by the above noted
income tax recoveries for prior years.
See last paragraph under "Financial Position" above for extraordinary
charge recorded in 1996.
21
Year 2000 Issues:
The Company and its subsidiaries have been aware for several years of the
issues associated with programming codes in existing computer systems as the
Year 2000 approaches. Most Old Republic subsidiaries are operated with
reasonable autonomy, and, accordingly, Year 2000 issues are independently
managed at each of the operating entities. Simply stated, Year 2000 issues stem
from computer programs that were written in earlier years with only two digits
to specify a year, as opposed to four digits; such programs may therefore be
unable to interpret dates beyond 1999, which could cause a system failure or
other computer errors that could lead to a disruption of operations.
Year 2000 issues could adversely affect the Old Republic subsidiaries'
computer systems, and such other systems as communications, facilities
management, service-related equipment and systems of customers, vendors and
other important third party service providers. Possible adverse consequences
include, but are not limited to, the inability to transact business, inability
to execute transactions through financial institutions and the occurrence of
Year 2000-related losses under certain insurance contracts. Accordingly, the
Company could suffer material adverse financial effects if failure by major
subsidiaries, significant vendors, important third parties or various
governmental bodies to properly correct Year 2000 issues were to occur. The
possible financial impact of all such effects cannot currently be estimated
since the Company and its subsidiaries do not operate in a vacuum and cannot
control the situations or actions of the various outside entities with which
they deal.
Old Republic's subsidiaries are scheduled to complete by March 31, 1999,
the identification and implementation of changes, and the testing of systems
affected by Year 2000 issues. Confirmations of Year 2000 compliance from
principal customers, vendors and other important third party relationships are
in process of being circulated. While this process is not completed, the Company
is not currently aware of any principal customer, vendor, or other important
third party whose Year 2000 projects will not be completed in a timely manner.
The costs of identifying, implementing and testing the required changes has
not been material to operating results. A significant portion of these costs
were not incremental as the Company and its subsidiaries have mostly utilized
existing resources.
The Company's subsidiaries have commenced consideration of contingency
plans in the event remediation efforts of Year 2000 issues are unsuccessful.
Such plans should be more fully developed in 1999, to the extent deemed
applicable and practicable.
OTHER INFORMATION
Reference is here made to "Financial Information Relating to Segments of
Business" appearing elsewhere herein.
Historical data pertaining to the operating performance, liquidity, and
other financial matters applicable to an insurance enterprise such as Old
Republic are not necessarily indicative of results to be achieved in succeeding
years. In addition to the factors cited below, the long-term nature of the
insurance business, seasonal and annual patterns in premium production and
incidence of claims, changes in yields obtained on invested assets, changes in
government policies and free markets affecting inflation rates and general
economic conditions, and changes in legal precedents or the application of law
affecting the settlement of disputed claims can have a bearing on
period-to-period comparisons and future operating results.
Some of the statements made in this report, as well as oral statements or
commentaries made by the Company's officials in conference calls following
earnings releases, can constitute "forward-looking statements" within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any
forward-looking commentarystatements, commentaries or inferences contained in this report
involve, of necessity, assumptions, uncertainties, and risks that may affect the
Company's future performance. With regard to Old Republic's General insuranceInsurance
segment, its results can be affected in particular by the level of market
competition, which is typically a function of available capital and expected
returns on such capital among competitors, the levels of interest and inflation
rates, as well asand periodic changes in claim frequency and severity patterns caused by
natural disasters, weather conditions, accidents, illnesses, work-related
injuries, and work-related injuries.unanticipated external events. Mortgage Guaranty and Title
insurance results can be affected by suchsimilar factors asand most particularly by
changes in national and regional housing demand and values, the availability and
cost of mortgage loans, employment trends, and default rates on mortgage loans;
mortgage guaranty results may also be affected by various risk-sharing
arrangements with business producers as well as the risk management and pricing
policies of government sponsored enterprises. Life and disability insurance
results can be impacted by the levels of employment and consumer spending, as
well as mortality 22
and health trends. At the holdingparent company level, resultsoperating
earnings or losses are generally affected mostly by the amount of debt outstanding and
its cost.cost, as well as interest income on temporary holdings of short-term
investments.
Any forward-looking statements or commentaries speak only as of their
dates. Old Republic undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise all
such comments, whether as a result of new information, future events or
otherwise, and accordingly they may not be unduly relied upon.
23Item 7(a)-Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
The information called for by Item 7(a) is found in the third and fourth
unnumbered paragraphs under the heading "Financial Position" in Part II, Item 7
of this report.
21
Item 8-Financial Statements
Listed below are the financial statements included herein:
OLD REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Page No.
--------
Consolidated Balance Sheets........................................ 25-26Sheets ..................................... 23 & 24
Consolidated Statements of Income................................... 27Income................................ 25
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income..................... 28Income.................. 26
Consolidated Statements of Preferred Stock and
Common Shareholders' Equity..................................... 29-30Equity................................... 27
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows............................... 31Flows............................ 28
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements......................... 32-52Statements....................... 29 - 48
Report of Independent Accountants................................... 53
24Accountants................................ 49
22
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in Millions)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
------------- -------------
Assets
Investments:
Held to maturity:
Fixed maturity securities (at amortized cost) (fair value: $2,422.2$2,171.7
and $2,306.1)...........................................................................$2,173.6).................................................................... $ 2,332.32,054.1 $ 2,249.72,111.8
Other long-term investments (at cost)..................................................... 25.1 15.4
------------ ------------
2,357.5 2,265.1
------------ ------------investments......................................................... 57.4 60.8
------------- -------------
2,111.6 2,172.7
------------- -------------
Available for sale:
Fixed maturity securities (at fair value) (cost: $1,877.8$2,989.4 and $1,954.5).................. 1,954.4 2,009.9$2,536.4)............. 3,172.4 2,610.2
Equity securities (at fair value) (cost: $117.0$520.3 and $60.9)................................ 164.8 117.1$318.3)......................... 513.5 391.6
Short-term investments (at fair value which approximates cost)............................ 377.6 328.0
------------ ------------
2,497.0 2,455.2
------------ ------------
4,854.5 4,720.4
------------ ------------...................... 253.8 298.5
------------- -------------
3,939.9 3,300.4
------------- -------------
6,051.5 5,473.1
------------- -------------
Other Assets:
Cash...................................................................................... 22.9 26.9Cash................................................................................ 37.2 38.0
Securities and indebtedness of related parties............................................ 41.9 46.4parties...................................... 37.7 27.5
Accrued investment income................................................................. 71.1 72.5income........................................................... 79.4 75.4
Accounts and notes receivable............................................................. 248.1 273.6receivable....................................................... 474.6 420.0
Federal income tax recoverable: Current............................................. 1.0 -
Reinsurance balances and funds held....................................................... 86.3 88.5held................................................. 58.1 60.5
Reinsurance recoverable: Paid losses................................................. 31.2 27.2losses................................................ 28.9 25.0
Policy and claim reserves................................... 1,292.9 1,333.5reserves.................................. 1,500.3 1,390.3
Deferred policy acquisition costs......................................................... 143.9 126.2costs................................................... 197.8 179.8
Sundry assets............................................................................. 226.4 207.9
------------ ------------
2,165.2 2,203.0
------------ ------------assets....................................................................... 248.5 230.1
------------- -------------
2,663.8 2,447.0
------------- -------------
Total Assets............................................................................Assets.................................................................... $ 7,019.78,715.4 $ 6,923.4
============ ============7,920.2
============= =============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2523
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets ($ in Millions) (Continued)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
-------------- -------------
Liabilities, Preferred Stock, and Common Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits....................................................................benefits.............................................................. $ 187.6103.4 $ 183.3110.4
Losses, claims and settlement expenses.................................................... 3,406.5 3,529.7expenses.............................................. 3,676.8 3,451.0
Unearned premiums......................................................................... 360.1 375.8premiums................................................................... 709.3 604.1
Other policyholders' benefits and funds................................................... 52.5 61.1
------------ ------------funds............................................. 62.3 53.3
-------------- -------------
Total policy liabilities and accruals................................................... 4,006.9 4,150.0accruals............................................ 4,552.0 4,218.8
Commissions, expenses, fees and taxes..................................................... 138.8 124.0taxes............................................... 195.2 165.8
Reinsurance balances and funds............................................................ 130.5 148.2funds...................................................... 133.4 121.2
Federal income tax: Current........................................................... 6.9 4.3
Deferred.......................................................... 179.8 108.3
Debt and debt equivalents................................................................. 145.1 142.9Current......................................................... - 7.2
Deferred........................................................ 445.2 376.5
Debt................................................................................ 141.5 159.0
Sundry liabilities........................................................................ 105.9 92.2liabilities.................................................................. 91.9 87.4
Commitments and contingent liabilities....................................................liabilities.............................................. - -
------------ -------------------------- -------------
Total Liabilities...................................................................... 4,714.2 4,770.2
------------ ------------Liabilities............................................................. 5,559.5 5,136.1
-------------- -------------
Preferred Stock:
Convertible preferred stock (*)........................................................... 1.2 1.0
------------ ------------..................................................... - .3
-------------- -------------
Common Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock(*stock (*)........................................................................... 156.3 103.1.................................................................... 123.7 122.1
Additional paid-in capital................................................................ 624.5 604.3
Unallocated shares - ESSOP................................................................ (5.1) (6.1)capital.......................................................... 253.1 219.8
Retained earnings......................................................................... 1,709.9 1,486.8earnings................................................................... 2,700.5 2,383.2
Accumulated other comprehensive income.................................................... 70.2 64.4income ............................................. 111.0 91.1
Treasury stock (at cost).................................................................. (251.6) (100.5)
------------ ------------ (*)........................................................ (32.6) (32.6)
-------------- -------------
Total Common Shareholders' Equity...................................................... 2,304.2 2,152.1
------------ ------------Equity.............................................. 3,155.8 2,783.7
-------------- -------------
Total Liabilities, Preferred Stock and Common Shareholders' Equity.....................Equity............. $ 7,019.78,715.4 $ 6,923.4
============ ============7,920.2
============== =============
- ----------------------
(*) At December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, there were 75,000,000 shares of $0.01 par
value preferred stock authorized, of which 270,8585,800 in 19982002 and 237,55144,591 in 19972001
were convertible preferred shares issued and outstanding. As of the same
dates, there were 500,000,000 and 250,000,000 shares respectively of common stock, $1.00 par value,
authorized, of which 156,335,928123,791,366 in 19982002 and 154,699,842122,168,699 in 19972001 were
issued and outstanding. At December 31, 19982002 and 19972001, there were
100,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares respectively of Class B Common Stock, $1.00 par value, authorized, of
which no shares were issued. Common shares classified as treasury stock
were 22,933,3213,192,597 and 16,630,0753,191,368 as of December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001,
respectively.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in Millions, Except Share Data)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Revenues:
Net premiums earned.......................................... $ 2,135.4 $ 1,786.8 $ 1,550.3
Title, escrow, and other fees................................ 288.5 242.6 186.4
Net investment income........................................ 272.6 274.7 273.9
Realized investment gains.................................... 13.9 29.7 33.6
Other income................................................. 45.8 39.4 26.1
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
2,756.4 2,373.4 2,070.6
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Benefits, Losses and Expenses:
Benefits, claims, and settlement expenses.................... 975.3 861.0 760.3
Dividends to policyholders................................... (.4) (.4) .9
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses............ 1,212.0 989.9 861.7
Interest and other charges................................... 8.5 18.9 21.2
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
2,195.4 1,869.5 1,644.2
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Income before income taxes and items below................... 560.9 503.9 426.4
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Income Taxes: Currently payable.............................. 109.1 104.4 74.3
Deferred....................................... 58.5 55.2 56.7
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total.......................................... 167.7 159.7 131.0
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Income before items below.................................... 393.2 344.2 295.3
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries
and minority interests..................................... (.2) 2.7 2.2
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net Income................................................... $ 392.9 $ 346.9 $ 297.5
================ ================ ================
Net Income Per Share:
Basic:.................................................... $ 3.26 $ 2.92 $ 2.49
================ ================ ================
Diluted:.................................................. $ 3.23 $ 2.88 $ 2.47
================ ================ ================
Average number of common and common
equivalent shares outstanding: Basic...................... 120,575,550 118,957,511 119,318,408
================ ================ ================
Diluted.................... 121,548,877 120,327,906 120,197,044
================ ================ ================
Dividends Per Common Share:
Cash....................................................... $ .63 $ .59 $ .55
================ ================ ================
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in Millions)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net income as reported....................................... $ 392.9 $ 346.9 $ 297.5
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment................... .6 (2.4) (1.6)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized gains arising during period.................. 43.6 118.8 118.2
Less: elimination of pretax realized gains
included in income as reported......................
13.9 29.7 33.6
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Pretax unrealized gains on securities
carried at market value............................. 29.6 89.1 84.5
Deferred income taxes .................................. 10.3 31.2 29.5
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net unrealized gains on securities...................... 19.2 57.9 54.9
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net adjustments.............................................. 19.9 55.4 53.3
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Comprehensive income......................................... $ 412.9 $ 402.4 $ 350.9
================ ================ ================
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of IncomePreferred Stock
and Common Shareholders' Equity ($ in Millions, Except Share Data)Millions)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- -----------------------------
Revenues:
Net premiums earned...................................................Convertible Preferred Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ 1,568.1.3 $ 1,464.6.7 $ 1,360.4
Title, escrow, and other fees......................................... 242.4 163.3 147.2
Net investment income................................................. 273.1 270.8 260.5
Realized investment gains............................................. 53.0 26.3 15.1
Other income.......................................................... 34.9 37.6 20.4.7
Exercise of stock options.................................. - - -
Converted into common stock................................ (.2) (.4) (.1)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
2,171.7 1,962.8 1,803.9--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ - $ .3 $ .7
============== ============== ==============
Common Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ 122.1 $ 121.4 $ 156.6
Dividend reinvestment plan................................. - - -
Exercise of stock options.................................. 1.3 .6 1.1
Conversion of convertible preferred stock.................. - - -
Treasury stock retired..................................... - - (36.4)
Acquisition of subsidiary.................................. .1 - -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Benefits, Losses and Expenses:
Benefits, claims, and settlement expenses............................. 781.7 787.9 752.1
Dividends to policyholders............................................--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ 123.7 $ 122.1 $ 121.4
============== ============== ==============
Additional Paid-in Capital:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ 219.8 $ 207.8 $ 627.8
Dividend reinvestment plan................................. .6 .6 .6
Exercise of stock options.................................. 27.9 11.0 16.5
Conversion of convertible preferred stock.................. .2 .3 (.2) -
Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses..................... 908.4 735.0 693.3
Interest and other charges............................................ 14.3 13.4 16.0Treasury stock retired..................................... - - (437.2)
Acquisition of subsidiary.................................. 4.4 - -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
1,704.9 1,536.1 1,461.5--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ 253.1 $ 219.8 $ 207.8
============== ============== ==============
Unallocated Shares - ESSOP:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ - $ - $ (2.5)
Change for the year........................................ - - 2.5
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Income before income taxes and items below............................ 466.7 426.7 342.4--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ - $ - $ -
============== ============== ==============
Retained Earnings:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ 2,383.2 $ 2,106.4 $ 1,873.9
Net income................................................. 392.9 346.9 297.5
Cash dividends on common stock............................. (75.7) (70.0) (65.0)
Cash dividends on preferred stock.......................... - - (.1)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Income Taxes: Currently payable................................... 80.8 75.4 65.7
Deferred............................................ 64.9 53.7 42.8--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ 2,700.5 $ 2,383.2 $ 2,106.4
============== ============== ==============
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ 91.1 $ 35.6 $ (17.6)
Foreign currency translation adjustments................... .6 (2.4) (1.6)
Net unrealized gains on securities......................... 19.2 57.9 54.9
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Total............................................... 145.9 129.2 108.5--------------
Balance, end of year.......................................... $ 111.0 $ 91.1 $ 35.6
============== ============== ==============
Treasury Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.................................... $ (32.6) $ (32.6) $ (439.8)
Acquired during the year................................... - - (66.4)
Retired during the year.................................... - - 473.6
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Income before items below............................................. 320.9 297.4 233.8
Equity in earnings--------------
Balance, end of unconsolidated subsidiaries
and minority interests.............................................. 2.7 .6 .9
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Income before extraordinary item...................................... 323.7 298.1 234.8
Extraordinary item, net of income tax credits of $2.4................. - - (4.4)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net Income............................................................year.......................................... $ 323.7(32.6) $ 298.1(32.6) $ 230.3(32.6)
============== ============== ===============
Net Income Per Share:
Basic:
Before extraordinary item......................................... $ 2.35 $ 2.22 $ 1.76
Extraordinary item................................................ - - (.03)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net income........................................................ $ 2.35 $ 2.22 $ 1.73
============== ============== ===============
Diluted:
Before extraordinary item......................................... $ 2.33 $ 2.10 $ 1.62
Extraordinary item................................................ - - (.03)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net income........................................................ $ 2.33 $ 2.10 $ 1.59
============== ============== ===============
Average number of common and common
equivalent shares outstanding: Basic........................... 137,347,772 133,659,413 129,030,492
============== ============== ===============
Diluted......................... 139,150,372 141,768,361 141,967,729
============== ============== ===============
Dividends Per Common Share:
Cash................................................................ $ .387 $ .333 $ .278
============== ============== ===============
Stock............................................................... 50% -% 50%
============== ============== ===============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income ($ in Millions)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net income as reported................................................ $ 323.7 $ 298.1 $ 230.3
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment............................. (1.9) 4.0 1.5
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period................... 64.9 70.8 (24.9)
Less: elimination of pretax realized gains included
in income as reported........................................... 53.0 26.3 15.1
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Pretax unrealized gains (losses) on securities.................... 11.9 44.4 (40.1)
Deferred income taxes (credits)................................... 4.1 15.4 (13.1)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities....................... 7.8 29.0 (26.9)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Net additions (deletions)........................................... 5.9 33.0 (25.4)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Comprehensive income.................................................. $ 329.5 $ 331.2 $ 204.9
============== ============== ===============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Preferred Stock
and Common Shareholders' Equity ($ in Millions)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ - $ 19.3 $ 17.0
Amortization to redemption value capitalized...................... - - (.1)
Converted into common stock....................................... - (22.1) (.4)
Reclassification from debt equivalent............................. - 2.7 2.8
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ - $ - $ 19.3
============== ============== ===============
Convertible Preferred Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ 1.0 $ 1.2 $ .6
Exercise of stock options......................................... .2 - .5
Converted into common stock....................................... - (.2) -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ 1.2 $ 1.0 $ 1.2
============== ============== ===============
Cumulative Preferred Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ - $ - $ 54.8
Redemption of cumulative preferred stock.......................... - - (54.8)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ - $ - $ -
============== ============== ===============
Common Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ 103.1 $ 96.0 $ 58.8
Stock dividend.................................................... 51.7 - 31.8
Dividend reinvestment plan........................................ - - -
Exercise of stock options......................................... .9 .3 .3
Acquisition of subsidiary......................................... .5 - .4
Conversion of convertible debentures.............................. - - 4.2
Conversion of convertible preferred stock......................... - 6.7 .1
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ 156.3 $ 103.1 $ 96.0
============== ============== ===============
Additional Paid-in Capital:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ 604.3 $ 575.6 $ 463.4
Dividend reinvestment plan........................................ .6 .5 .5
Exercise of stock options......................................... 17.2 6.4 6.8
Conversion of convertible debentures.............................. - - 104.4
Conversion of convertible preferred stock......................... - 21.7 .2
Reclassification from debt equivalent............................. 2.2 - -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ 624.5 $ 604.3 $ 575.6
============== ============== ===============
Unallocated Shares - ESSOP:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ (6.1) $ - $ -
Change for the year............................................... 1.0 (6.1) -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ (5.1) $ (6.1) $ -
============== ============== ===============
Retained Earnings:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ 1,486.8 $ 1,235.3 $ 1,071.8
Net income........................................................ 323.7 298.1 230.3
Dividends on common: Cash......................................... (52.8) (44.9) (35.9)
: Stock........................................ (51.7) - (31.8)
Dividends on preferred stock...................................... (.2) (1.7) (7.5)
Acquisition of subsidiary......................................... 4.1 - 8.5
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ 1,709.9 $ 1,486.8 $ 1,235.3
============== ============== ===============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Preferred Stock
and Common Shareholders' Equity ($ in Millions) (Continued)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ 64.4 $ 31.4 $ 56.8
Foreign currency translation adjustments.......................... (1.9) 4.0 1.5
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities....................... 7.8 29.0 (26.9)
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ 70.2 $ 64.4 $ 31.4
============== ============== ===============
Treasury Stock:
Balance, beginning of year.......................................... $ (100.5) $ (38.4) $ (38.4)
Acquired during the year.......................................... (151.1) (62.1) -
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Balance, end of year................................................ $ (251.6) $ (100.5) $ (38.4)
============== ============== ===============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in Millions)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996-----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- -----------------------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income..........................................................income....................................................... $ 323.7392.9 $ 298.1346.9 $ 230.3297.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs................................. (17.9) (11.6) (6.7)costs.............................. (18.6) (32.8) 1.9
Premiums and other receivables.................................... 25.4 (18.2) 18.6receivables................................. (54.4) (146.2) (24.1)
Unpaid claims and related items................................... (80.4) 51.2 37.4items................................ 128.6 31.7 (38.5)
Future policy benefits and policyholders' funds................... (10.6) (10.8) (19.8)funds................ 85.7 188.6 20.6
Income taxes...................................................... 69.8 56.1 32.1taxes................................................... 50.0 57.4 64.7
Reinsurance balances and funds.................................... (18.9) (1.9) 15.6funds................................. 10.7 26.8 (8.2)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other...................... 42.7 24.6 3.9other................... 76.2 54.1 30.2
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total............................................................... 333.6 387.5 311.6Total............................................................ 671.2 526.7 344.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of fixed maturity securities:
Held to maturity:
Maturities and early calls....................................... 171.4 173.3 91.9calls.................................... 328.9 254.1 240.7
Other......................................................... 1.0 2.9 -
Available for sale:
Maturities and early calls....................................... 132.2 280.6 200.6
Other............................................................ 217.5 136.2 111.1calls.................................... 258.1 240.8 188.3
Other......................................................... 195.9 59.9 108.1
Sales of equity securities.......................................... 36.5 29.0 45.9securities....................................... 96.7 67.4 61.6
Sales of other investments.......................................... 4.0 15.2 4.4investments....................................... 2.0 2.9 3.1
Sales of fixed assets for company use...............................use............................ 1.3 1.8 .9
Cash and short-term investments of subsidiary acquired........... 1.7 3.0 3.4- -
Purchases of fixed maturity securities:
Held to maturity.................................................. (255.7) (399.9) (400.1)maturity............................................... (279.1) (293.7) (71.6)
Available for sale................................................ (280.3) (419.1) (206.1)sale............................................. (915.6) (629.4) (472.5)
Purchases of equity securities...................................... (92.6) (15.4) (24.4)securities................................... (305.7) (146.8) (156.8)
Purchases of other investments...................................... (13.7) (5.5) (2.7)investments................................... (2.6) (3.7) (16.6)
Purchases of fixed assets for company use........................... (25.6)use........................ (16.3) (14.6) (12.7)
Other-net........................................................ (16.8) (4.9) (10.5) (12.4)
Other-net........................................................... 1.1 (8.7) (7.7)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total............................................................... (103.4) (221.7) (196.0)Total............................................................ (650.4) (463.2) (138.0)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in term loans..............................................loans........................................... - 30.0 10.0 88.0
Issuance of debentures and notes.................................... 5.1 116.8 -75.0
Issuance of preferred and common shares............................. 19.0 7.3 17.4shares.......................... 22.0 9.3 13.7
Repayments of term loans............................................ (30.0) (135.0) (47.9)loans......................................... (15.0) (109.0) (40.0)
Redemption of debentures and notes.................................. (2.0) (1.6) (105.0)notes............................... (2.8) (1.0) (2.7)
Dividends on common shares.......................................... (52.8) (44.9) (35.9)shares....................................... (75.7) (70.0) (65.0)
Dividends on preferred shares....................................... (.2) (1.7) (7.6)shares.................................... - - (.1)
Purchases of treasury shares........................................ (151.1) (62.1) -
Redemption of cumulative preferred shares...........................shares..................................... - - (54.8)
Other-net........................................................... (2.7) (.4) (.6)(66.4)
Other-net........................................................ 5.3 2.8 (3.6)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total............................................................... (184.7) (111.7) (146.6)Total............................................................ (66.2) (137.8) (89.2)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments.......................................................... 45.5 54.0 (31.1)investments............. (45.5) (74.4) 116.9
Cash and short-term investments, beginning of year.................. 355.0 301.0 332.1year............... 336.6 411.0 294.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
Cash and short-term investments, end of year........................year..................... $ 400.5291.1 $ 355.0336.6 $ 301.0411.0
============== ============== ==============
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3128
Old Republic International Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
($ in Millions, Except as Otherwise Indicated)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old Republic International Corporation is a Chicago-based insurance holding
company with subsidiaries engaged in the general (property & liability),
mortgage guaranty, title, and life (life & disability) insurance businesses. In
this report, "Old Republic", "the Corporation", or "the Company" refers to Old
Republic International Corporation and its subsidiaries as the context requires.
The aforementioned insurance segments are organized as the Old Republic General
Insurance, Mortgage Guaranty, Title Insurance, and Life Insurance Groups, and
references herein to such groups apply to the Company's subsidiaries engaged in
the respective segments of business. See Note 6 for a discussion of the
Company's business segments.
Note 1-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-The significant accounting
policies employed by Old Republic International Corporation and its subsidiaries
are set forth in the following summary.
(a) Consolidation Practices-The consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of the Corporation and those of its major insurance underwriting and
service subsidiaries. Non-consolidated insurance marketing and service
subsidiaries are insignificant and are reflected on the equity basis of
accounting. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Accounting Principles-The Corporation's insurance underwriting subsidiaries
maintain their records in confor mityconformity with accounting practices prescribed or
permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities. In consolidating such
subsidiaries, adjustments have been made to conform their accounts with
generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
(c) Investments-The Company may classify its invested assets in terms of those
assets relative to which it either (1) has the positive intent and ability to
hold until maturity, (generally carried at amortized costs for fixed maturity
securities), (2) has available for sale (carried at fair value with adjustments
to equity, net of deferred income taxes) or (3) has the intention of
trading
(carried at fair value with adjustments to income); astrading. As of December 31, 1998,2002, the Company's invested assets were classified
solely as "held to maturity" or "available for sale."
Fixed maturity securities and redeemable preferred stocks classified as "held to maturity" are generally
carried at amortized costs while fixed maturity securities classified as
"available for sale" in addition toand other preferred and common stocks (equity securities)
are included at fair value.value with changes in such values, net of deferred income
taxes, reflected directly in shareholders' equity. Fair values for fixed
maturity securities and equity securities are based on quoted market prices or
estimatedestimates using values obtained from independent pricing services as applicable.
MortgageThe Company periodically reviews the securities in its investment portfolio, and
policy loans (other long-term investments)the carrying values of investments which are carried ondeemed to be other than temporarily
impaired are adjusted as appropriate. In reviewing investments for other than
temporary impairment, the basisCompany, in addition to a security's market price
history, considers the issuer's operating results, financial condition and
liquidity, its ability to access capital markets, credit rating trends, most
current audit opinion, industry and securities markets conditions, and analyst
expectations, in their totality to reach its conclusions. The Company recognized
other than temporary impairments of investments in the loweramounts of unpaid principal balances or estimated realizable value. The aggregate fair
value of fixed maturity securities - "held to maturity" at$19.0 and $6.7
for the years ended December 31, 1998 was
above their carrying values.
322002 and 2001, respectively; no such
impairments were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2000.
29
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of fixed maturity securities are as
follows:
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Cost Gains Losses Value
----------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------- ------------- ------------ -------------
Fixed Maturity Securities:
December 31, 1998:2002:
Held to maturity:
Utilities.......................................Utilities................................ $ 926.1754.4 $ 36.643.8 $ .32.4 $ 962.4
Tax-exempt...................................... 1,405.4 53.5795.8
Tax-exempt............................... 1,299.7 76.1 - 1,458.9
Redeemable preferred stocks..................... .8 - - .8
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------1,375.9
------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
$ 2,332.32,054.1 $ 90.2120.0 $ .32.5 $ 2,422.2
=========== ========== ========== ===========2,171.7
============ ============= ============ =============
Available for sale:
U.S. & Canadian Governments.....................Governments.............. $ 589.8929.1 $ 29.347.1 $ - $ 619.1
Corporate....................................... 1,287.9 48.8 1.4 1,335.3
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------976.2
Corporate................................ 2,060.2 151.4 15.4 2,196.2
------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
$ 1,877.82,989.4 $ 78.2198.5 $ 1.515.5 $ 1,954.4
=========== ========== ========== ===========3,172.4
============ ============= ============ =============
Fixed Maturity Securities:
December 31, 1997:2001:
Held to maturity:
Utilities.......................................Utilities................................ $ 1,001.8777.6 $ 21.225.3 $ 2.12.2 $ 1,020.9
Tax-exempt...................................... 1,247.0 37.6 .2 1,284.4800.7
Tax-exempt............................... 1,333.4 41.2 2.5 1,372.1
Redeemable preferred stocks..................... .8stocks.............. .7 - - .8
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------.7
------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
$ 2,249.72,111.8 $ 58.966.5 $ 2.44.8 $ 2,306.1
=========== ========== ========== ===========2,173.6
============ ============= ============ =============
Available for sale:
U.S. & Canadian Governments.....................Governments.............. $ 658.5844.1 $ 26.225.2 $ .3 $ 684.4
Corporate....................................... 1,295.9 32.1 2.6 1,325.4
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------869.0
Corporate................................ 1,692.2 61.2 12.2 1,741.2
------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
$ 1,954.52,536.4 $ 58.486.5 $ 3.012.6 $ 2,009.9
=========== ========== ========== ===========2,610.2
============ ============= ============ =============
3330
The amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 1998,2002, by
contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from
contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Estimated
Amortized Fair
Cost Value
----------- -------------------------- --------------
Fixed Maturity Securities:
Held to Maturity:
Due in one year or less..........................................................less.................................................... $ 182.9388.3 $ 184.7393.3
Due after one year through five years............................................ 1,176.8 1,211.7years...................................... 1,189.9 1,265.5
Due after five years through ten years........................................... 969.2 1,021.9years..................................... 473.7 510.6
Due after ten years.............................................................. 3.3 3.8
----------- -----------years........................................................ 2.0 2.1
--------------- --------------
$ 2,332.32,054.1 $ 2,422.2
=========== ===========2,171.7
=============== ==============
Available for Sale:
Due in one year or less..........................................................less.................................................... $ 202.2287.8 $ 203.7293.2
Due after one year through five years............................................ 922.3 950.7years...................................... 1,630.4 1,707.7
Due after five years through ten years........................................... 713.5 750.8years..................................... 1,033.6 1,122.4
Due after ten years.............................................................. 39.5 49.1
----------- -----------years........................................................ 37.5 49.0
--------------- --------------
$ 1,877.82,989.4 $ 1,954.4
=========== ===========3,172.4
=============== ==============
Bonds and other investments carried at $165.1$143.3 as of December 31, 19982002 were
on deposit with governmental authorities by the Corporation's insurance
subsidiaries to comply with insurance laws.
A summary of the Company's equity securities follows:
Gross Gross Estimated
Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Cost Gains Losses Value
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
Equity Securities:
December 31, 1998:2002:
Common stocks...................................stocks.............................. $ 114.4518.0 $ 58.263.0 $ 10.669.8 $ 162.1
Non-redeemable511.2
Perpetual preferred stocks................. 2.52.2 - .1 - 2.7
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------2.2
-------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
$ 117.0520.3 $ 58.463.1 $ 10.669.9 $ 164.8
=========== ========== ========== ===========513.5
============== ============= ============= ==============
December 31, 1997:2001:
Common stocks...................................stocks.............................. $ 57.9316.6 $ 57.788.9 $ 1.815.7 $ 113.8
Non-redeemable389.8
Perpetual preferred stocks................. 2.9 .31.7 - 3.2
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ 1.7
-------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
$ 60.9318.3 $ 58.089.0 $ 1.815.8 $ 117.1
=========== ========== ========== ===========391.6
============== ============= ============= ==============
Investment income is reported net of allocated expenses and includes
appropriate adjustments for amortization of premium and accretion of discount on
fixed maturity securities acquired at other than par value. Dividends on equity
securities are credited to income on the ex-dividend date. Realized investment
gains and losses, which are comprised of sales of securities and provisions or
write-downs of securities, are reflected as revenues in the income statement and
are determined on the basis of amortized value at date of sale for fixed
maturity securities, and cost in regard to equity securities; such bases apply
to the specific securities sold. Unrealized investment gains and losses, net of
any deferred income taxes, are recorded directly as a component of accumulated
other comprehensive income.
The Company reviews the status and market value changes of its securities
portfolio on at least a quarterly basis during the year, and any provisions for
other than temporary impairments in the portfolio's value are evaluated and
established at each quarterly balance sheet date. In management's opinion, the
Company's high quality and diversified portfolio, which consists largely of
publicly traded securities, has been a separate accountbasic reason for the absence of shareholders' equity.major
impairment provisions in the periods reported upon. At December 31, 1998,2002, the
Corporation and its subsidiaries had noan immaterial amount of non-income
producing fixed maturity securities.
34securities and holdings of U.S. Treasury tax and loss
bonds in the amount of $391.5 held as required by its mortgage insurance
subsidiaries for the payment of deferred income taxes.
31
The following table reflects the composition of net investment income, net
realized gains or losses, and the net change in unrealized investment gains or
losses for each of the years shown:
Years Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
----------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- --------------
Investment income from:
Fixed maturity securities........................................securities.................................... $ 251.2253.1 $ 249.5251.3 $ 240.6245.7
Equity securities................................................ 2.8 1.9 2.6securities............................................ 12.4 7.9 7.6
Short-term investments........................................... 17.1 16.4 16.0investments....................................... 6.0 15.8 18.3
Other sources.................................................... 8.5 9.0 8.4
----------- ----------- -----------sources................................................ 5.2 6.1 8.6
-------------- -------------- --------------
Gross investment income....................................... 279.7 277.0 267.7income................................... 276.9 281.3 280.2
Investment expenses (1)................................................................................ 4.2 6.5 6.2
7.2
----------- ----------- ------------------------- -------------- --------------
Net investment income.........................................income..................................... $ 273.1272.6 $ 270.8274.7 $ 260.5
=========== =========== ===========273.9
============== ============== ==============
Realized gains (losses) on:
Fixed maturity securities:
Held to maturity..............................................maturity.......................................... $ .8(2.4) $ .2(2.2) $ .3
----------- ----------- ------------
-------------- -------------- --------------
Available for sale:
Gains....................................................... 11.1 2.5 2.6
Losses...................................................... - (.1) (.1)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net......................................................... 11.0 2.4 2.5
----------- ----------- -----------
Total....................................................... 11.8 2.7 2.9
----------- ----------- -----------Gains................................................... 4.0 3.1 1.4
Losses.................................................. (2.7) (5.1) (.5)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net..................................................... 1.3 (1.9) .8
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total..................................................... (1.1) (4.1) .8
Equity securities............................................. 41.6 24.3 12.9
Other assets.................................................. (.5) (.6) (.7)
----------- ----------- -----------
Total....................................................... 53.0 26.3 15.1securities & other long-term investments.............. 15.0 33.9 32.9
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total..................................................... 13.9 29.7 33.6
Income taxes..................................................... 18.5 9.3 5.3
----------- ----------- -----------taxes................................................. 4.8 13.5 11.7
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net realized gains............................................gains........................................ $ 34.49.0 $ 17.016.1 $ 9.8
=========== =========== ===========21.8
============== ============== ==============
Changes in unrealized investment gains (losses) on:
Fixed maturity securities:
Held to maturity (2)................................................................................ $ 33.355.7 $ 33.833.6 $ (22.1)
=========== =========== ===========47.2
============== ============== ==============
Available for sale............................................sale........................................ $ 21.1109.1 $ 28.660.8 $ (50.3)46.2
Less: Deferred income taxes ............................. 38.1 21.3 16.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net changes in unrealized investment gains ............... $ 71.0 $ 39.5 $ 30.0
============== ============== ==============
Equity securities & other long-term investments.............. $ (79.4) $ 28.2 $ 38.3
Less: Deferred income taxes (credits)........................ 7.3 9.8 (17.1)
----------- ----------- -----------(27.7) 9.9 13.3
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net changes in unrealized investment gains (losses)........................... $ 13.7(51.7) $ 18.718.3 $ (33.2)
=========== =========== ===========
Equity securities-available for sale............................. $ (9.1) $ 15.7 $ 10.1
Less: Deferred income taxes (credits)............................ (3.2) 5.4 3.8
----------- ----------- -----------
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)...................... $ (5.9) $ 10.3 $ 6.2
=========== =========== ===========24.9
============== ============== ==============
- ----------------------
(1) Investment expenses consist of personnel costs and investment management
and custody service fees, and includes interest incurred on funds held of
$1.5, $1.7$.3, $1.4 and $1.7$1.5 for the years ended December 31, 1998, 19972002, 2001 and 1996,2000,
respectively.
(2) Deferred income taxes do not apply since these securities are carried at
amortized cost.
(d) Revenue Recognition-Pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles
applicable to the insurance industry, benefits, claims, and expenses are
associated with the related revenues by means of the provision for policy
benefits, the deferral and subsequent amortization of acquisition costs, and the
recognition of incurred benefits, claims and operating expenses.
General insurance (property and liability) and level-term credit life
insurance premiums are reflected in income on a pro-rata basis. Earned but
unbilled premiums are generally taken into income on the billing date, and
adjustments for retrospective premiums, commissions and similar charges are
accrued on the basis of periodic evaluations of current underwriting experience
and contractual obligations. First year and renewal mortgage guaranty premiums
are recognized as income on a straight-line basis except that a portion of first
year premiums received for certain high risk policies is deferred and reported
as earned over the estimated policy life, including renewal periods. Single
premiums for mortgage guaranty policies covering more than one year are earned
on an accelerated basis over the policy term. Title insurance premiums are
recognized as income 35
upon the substantial completion of the policy issuance
process. Title abstract, escrow, service, and other fees are taken into income
at the time of closing of the related escrow. Ordinary life and annuity premiums are
recognized as revenue when due. Decreasing term credit life and credit
disability/accident & health insurance premiums are generally earned on a
sum-of-the-years-digits or similar method.
(e) Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs-The Corporation's insurance subsidiaries,
other than title companies, defer certain costs which vary with and are
primarily related to the production of business. Deferred costs consist
principally of commissions, premium taxes, marketing, and policy issuance
expenses. With respect to most coverages, deferred acquisition costs are
amortized on the same basis as the related premiums are earned or,
alternatively, over the periods during which premiums will be paid or
underwriting and claim services performed. The following table summarizes
deferred policy acquisition costs and related data for the years shown:
32
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- --------------
Deferred, beginning of year........................................year.................................... $ 126.2179.8 $ 114.6148.1 $ 107.8
---------- ----------- -----------151.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
Acquisition costs deferred:
Commissions - net of reinsurance................................. 132.6 131.7 116.6reinsurance........................... 159.3 151.0 122.2
Premium taxes.................................................... 31.8 32.5 30.6taxes.............................................. 45.5 40.0 31.0
Salaries and other marketing expenses............................ 84.7 62.0 65.8
---------- ----------- -----------
Sub-total..................................................... 249.2 226.3 213.1expenses...................... 92.1 84.1 72.0
-------------- -------------- --------------
Sub-total.............................................. 297.0 275.1 225.2
Amortization charged to income..................................... (231.4) (214.7) (206.4)
---------- ----------- -----------income................................. (279.1) (243.3) (228.3)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Change for the year........................................... 17.7 11.5 6.7
---------- ----------- -----------year.................................... 17.9 31.8 (3.1)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Deferred, end of year..............................................year.......................................... $ 143.9197.8 $ 126.2179.8 $ 114.6
========== =========== ===========148.1
============== ============== ==============
(f) Future Policy Benefits/Unearned Premiums-General insurance and level term
credit life insurance policy liabilities represent unearned premium reserves
developed by application of monthly pro-rata factors to premiums in force.
Disability/accident & health and decreasing term credit life insurance policy
liabilities are calculated primarily on a sum-of-the-years-digits method.
Mortgage guaranty unearned premium reserves are calculated primarily on a
pro-rata basis. Ordinary life policy liabilities are determined on a level
premium method and take into account mortality and withdrawal rates based
principally on anticipated company experience; assumed interest rates range from
3.0% to 6.0%.
With respect to annuity policies, the liabilities represent the
surrender value of such policies during deferral periods, without adjustment for
surrender charges; such values are deemed appropriate to provide for ultimate
benefit reserves in the event policyholders exercise an annuity benefit option
at a later date.
At December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, the Life Insurance Group had $6,740.5$7,383.6 and
$4,912.9,$7,500.4, respectively, of net life insurance in force. Future policy benefits
and unearned premiums, consisted of the following:
December 31,
----------------------------------
1998 1997
----------- --------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
-------------- --------------
Future Policy Benefits:
Life Insurance Group:
Life insurance.......................................................... $ 75.7insurance................................................. $ 69.3 Annuities(1)............................................................ 64.7 69.4$ 70.8
Disability/accident & health............................................ 47.1 44.6
----------- -----------
Total................................................................health................................... 34.0 39.5
-------------- --------------
Total...................................................... $ 187.6103.4 $ 183.3
=========== ===========110.4
============== ==============
Unearned Premium:
General Insurance Group.................................................Group ....................................... $ 320.6666.4 $ 329.0565.1
Mortgage Guaranty Group................................................. 39.4 46.7
----------- -----------
Total................................................................Group........................................ 42.9 38.9
-------------- --------------
Total...................................................... $ 360.1709.3 $ 375.8
=========== ===========604.1
============== ==============
- ------------
(1) The Company has entered into an agreement to sell its small annuity book
of business; this will have no material effect on Old Republic's
consolidated results or financial position.
36
The Company has previously issued directly or assumed as a reinsurer
certain insurance policies generally categorized as financial guarantees. All
such business has been in run off mode for several years. The major types of
guarantees pertain to (a) state, municipal and other general or special revenue
bonds and (b) variable interest rate guarantees, and (c) insurance of the
future residual value of fixed assets.guarantees. The types of risks involved
include failure by the bond issuer to make timely payment of principal and
interest and changes in interest rates, and changes in the future value of fixed assets.rates. The degree of risk pertaining to these
insurance products is largely dependent on the effects of general economic
cycles and changes in the credit worthiness of issuers whose obligations have
been guaranteed. During the past three years, new
commitments have been limited to reinsuring the risks identified at (a)
immediately above. Premiums received for financial guarantee policies are
generally earned over the terms of the contract (which may range between 5 and
30 years) or on the basis of current exposure relative to maximum exposure in
force; with respect to
residual value insurance, that portion of the premium in excess of certain
initial underwriting costs is deferred and taken into income when all events
leading to the determination of exposure, if any, have occurred.force. Since losses on financial guarantee insurance products cannot be
predicted reliably, the Company's unearned premium reserves serve as the primary
income recognition and loss reserving mechanism. When losses become known and
determinable, they are paid or placed in reserve and the remaining
directly-related unearned premiums are taken into income. No assurance can be
given that unearned premiums will be greater or less than ultimate incurred
losses on these policies.
The following table reflects certain data pertaining to net insurance in
force for the Company's financial guarantee business at the dates shown:
Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1998 1997
----------- --------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
-------------- --------------
Net Insurance in Force:
Bonds.....................................................................Bonds.............................................................. $ 2,482.61,405.8 $ 2,298.8
Other..................................................................... .4 .51,680.8
Other.............................................................. - .2
Net Unearned Premiums:
Bonds..................................................................... 12.5 13.4
Other.....................................................................Bonds.............................................................. 7.8 9.1
Other.............................................................. $ .4- $ .5
=========== ===========.2
============== ==============
With respect to mortgage guaranty insurance (net insurance in force of
$57,401.1$112,916.4 and $50,362.3,$97,709.0, at December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, respectively) the
Company's reserving policies are set forth below in Note 1(g).
33
(g) Losses, Claims and Settlement Expenses-Reserves are estimates that provide
for the ultimate expected cost of settling unpaid losses and claims reported at
each balance sheet date. Losses and claims incurred but not reported, as well as
expenses required to settle losses and claims are established on the basis of
various criteria, including historical cost experience and anticipated costs of
servicing reinsured and other risks. Long-term disability-type workers'
compensation reserves, however, are discounted to present value based on
interest rates ranging from 3.5% to 4%.
TheExpenses-The establishment of claim reserves
by the Company's insurance subsidiaries is a reasonably complex and dynamic
process influenced by a large variety of factors. These factors include past
experience applicable to the anticipated costs of various types of claims,
continually evolving and changing legal theories emanating from the judicial
system, recurring accounting, statistical, and actuarial studies, the
professional experience and expertise of the Company's claim departments'
personnel or attorneys and independent adjusters retained to handle individual
claims, the effect of inflationary trends on future claim settlement costs, and
periodicongoing changes in claim frequency or severity patterns such as those caused by
natural disasters, illnesses, accidents, work-related injuries, or work-related injuries.changes in
economic conditions. Consequently, the reserve-setting process relies on the
judgments and opinions of a large number of persons, on the application and
interpretation of historical precedent and trends, and on expectations as to
future developments. At any point in time, the Company and the insurance
industry are exposed to possibly higher than anticipated claim costs due to the
aforementioned factors, and to the evolution, interpretation, and expansion of
tort law, as well as to
the effects of unexpected jury verdicts.
37
The Company believes that its overall reserving practices have been
consistently applied over many years, and that its aggregate net reserves have
resulted in reasonable approximations of the ultimate net costs of claims
incurred. However, no representation is made that ultimate net claim and related
costs will not be greater or lower than previously established reserves.
The following table shows an analysis of changes in aggregate reserves for
the Company's losses, claims and settlement expenses for each of the years
shown.
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
----------- ------------ -----------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment
expenses at the beginning of each year, net of reinsurance
losses recoverable................................................... $ 2,289.6 $ 2,238.7 $ 2,200.2
----------- ------------ -----------
Incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses:
Provisions for insured events of the current year.................... 950.5 933.5 865.9
Change in provision for insured events of prior years................ (170.1) (141.8) (110.3)
----------- ------------ -----------
Total incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses............. 780.4 791.6 755.6
----------- ------------ -----------
Payments:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to
insured events of the current year................................. 377.5 334.9 297.4
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to
insured events of prior years...................................... 484.1 405.8 419.6
----------- ------------ -----------
Total payments.................................................. 861.6 740.8 717.0
----------- ------------ -----------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment
expenses at the end of each year, net of reinsurance
losses recoverable................................................... 2,208.4 2,289.6 2,238.7
Reinsurance losses recoverable......................................... 1,198.0 1,240.0 1,303.0
----------- ------------ -----------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment
expenses............................................................. $ 3,406.5 $ 3,529.7 $ 3,541.8
=========== ============ ===========
All reserves are necessarily based on estimates which are periodically
reviewed and evaluated in the light of emerging claim experience and changing
circumstances. The resulting changes in estimates are recorded in operations of
the periods during which they are made. Return and additional premiums and
policyholderspolicyholders' dividends, all of which tend to be affected by development of
claims in future years, may offset, in whole or in part, developed claim
redundancies or deficiencies for certain coverages such as workers'
compensation.compensation, a portion of which are written under loss sensitive programs that
provide for such adjustments. The dataCompany believes that its overall reserving
practices have been consistently applied over many years, and that its aggregate
net reserves have produced reasonable estimates of the ultimate net costs of
claims incurred. However, no representation is made that ultimate net claim and
related costs will not be greater or lower than previously established reserves.
General Insurance Group reserves are established to provide for the
ultimate expected cost of settling unpaid losses and claims reported at each
balance sheet date. Such reserves are based on continually evolving assessments
of the facts available to the Company during the settlement process which may
stretch over long periods of time. Long-term disability-type workers'
compensation reserves are discounted to present value based on interest rates
ranging from 3.5% to 4.0%. Losses and claims incurred but not reported, as well
as expenses required to settle losses and claims are established on the basis of
various criteria, including historical cost experience and anticipated costs of
servicing reinsured and other risks. Estimates of possible recoveries from
salvage or subrogation rights are considered in the table above, incorporatesestablishment of such
reserves as applicable.
Early in 2001, the Federal Department of Labor revised the Federal Black
Lung Program regulations. The revisions basically require a re-evaluation of
previously settled, denied, or new occupational disease claims in the context of
newly devised, more lenient standards when such claims are resubmitted.
Following a number of challenges and appeals by the insurance and coal mining
industries, the revised regulations were, for the most part, upheld in June,
2002 and are to be applied prospectively. Since the final quarter of 2001 black
lung claims filed or refiled pursuant to these anticipated and now final
regulations have increased. The vast majority of claims filed to date against
Old Republic pertain to business underwritten through loss sensitive programs
that permit the charge of additional or refund of return premiums to wholly or
partially offset changes in estimated claim costs, or to business underwritten
as a service carrier on behalf of various industry-wide involuntary market (i.e.
assigned risk) pools. A much smaller portion pertains to business produced on a
traditional risk transfer basis. The Company has established applicable reserves
for claims as they have been reported and for claims not as yet reported on the
basis of its historical experience and assumptions as to the effect of the
revised regulations. Inasmuch as a variety of challenges are likely as the
revised regulations are implemented in the actual claim settlement process, the
potential impact on reserves, gross and net of reinsurance or retrospective
premium adjustments, resulting from such regulations cannot as yet be estimated
with reasonable certainty.
Old Republic's reserve estimates also include provisions for indemnity and
settlement costs for various asbestosis and environmental impairment ("A&E")
claims or related costs that have been filed in the normal course of business against a number of
its insurance subsidiaries. Many such claims relate to policies issued prior to
1985, andincluding many issued during a short period between 1981 and 1982 pursuant
to an agency agreement canceled in 1982. During allOver the years, and through the current date, the Corporation's
property and liability insurance subsidiaries have typically issued general
liability insurance policies with face amounts ranging between $1.0 and $2.0 and
rarely exceeding $10.0. Such policies have, in turn, been subject to reinsurance
cessions which have typically reduced the Corporation's retentions to $.5 or
less as to each claim. The Corporation's reserving methods, particularly as they apply to
formula-based reserves, have been established to provide for normal claim
occurrences as well as unusual exposures such as those pertaining to A&E claims
and related costs. At times, however, the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries
also establish specific formula and other reserves as part of their overall
claim and claim expense reserves to cover claims such as those emanating from
A&E exposures. These are intended to cover additional litigation and other costs
that are likely to be incurred to protect the Company's interests in litigated
cases in particular. At December 31, 1998,2002, the Corporation's aggregate
indemnity and loss adjustment expense reserves specifically identified with A&E
exposures amounted to approximately $66.6$104.5 gross, and $33.7$56.9 net of reinsurance.
Based on average annual claims payments during the five most recent calendar
years, such reserves represented 8.09.1 years (gross) and 12.314.9 years (net) of
average annual claims payments. 38
Old Republic disagrees with the allegations of liability on virtually all
A&E related claims of which it has knowledge on the grounds that exclusions in
the policies preclude coverage for nearly all such claims, and that the
Corporation never intended to assume such risks. Old Republic's exposure on suchto A&E claims cannot,
thereforehowever, be calculated by conventional insurance reserving methods for this and a variety
of reasons, including: a) the absence of statistically valid data inasmuch as
such claims typically involve long reporting delays and very often uncertainty
as to the number and identity of insureds against whom such claims have arisen
or will arise; and b) the litigation history of such or similar claims for
other insurance industry members that has produced court decisions that have been
inconsistent with regard to such questions as when thean alleged loss occurred,
which policies provide coverage, how a loss is to be allocated among potentially
responsible insureds and/or their insurance carriers, how policy coverage
exclusions are to be interpreted, what types of environmental impairment or
toxic tort claims are covered, when the insurer's duty to defend is triggered,
how policy limits are to be calculated, and whether clean-up costs constitute
34
property damage.
Individual insurance companies and others who have evaluated the potential
costs of litigating and settling A&E claims have noted with increasing concern
the possibility that resolution of such claims, by applying liability
retroactively in the context of the existing insurance system, could likely
bankrupt or undermine seriously the financial condition of the property and
liability insurance industry. In the light of this substantial public policy
issue, the Corporation is of the view that the courts will not resolve in the
near future the litigation gridlock stemming from the non-resolution to date of
many environmental claims in particular. In recent times, the Executive Branch and/or the Congress of
the United States Congress have proposed or considered changes in the legislation and
rules affecting the determination of liability for environmental and asbestosis
claims. As of December 31, 1998,2002, however, there is no solid evidence to suggest
that forthcomingpossible future changes might mitigate or reduce some or all of these claim
exposures. Because of the above issues and uncertainties, estimation of reserves
for losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses for the above noted types ofA&E claims in particular
is much more difficult or impossible. Accordingly, no representation can be made
that the Corporation's reserves for such claims and related costs will not prove
to be overstated or understated in the future.
Mortgage guaranty loss and loss adjustment expense reserve estimates are
based on reported insured mortgage loan defaults, as well as experience-based
estimates of loan defaults that have occurred but have not as yet been reported
as of each balance sheet date. In making all these estimates, such variables as
trends in net claim severity, salvage and cure rates for mortgages at varying
stages of default, and trends in employment levels and housing market activity
are considered.
Title insurance and related escrow service loss and loss adjustment expense
reserves are established to cover the estimated settlement costs of known as
well as claims incurred but not reported. Reserves for known claims are based on
an assessment of the facts available to the Company during the settlement
process. Reserves for claims incurred but not reported are established
concurrently with the recognition of premium and escrow service revenues based
on past experience and an evaluation of such variables as changes and trends in
the types of policies issued, and changes in real estate market and interest
rate environments that can have a bearing on the emergence, number, and ultimate
cost of claims.
Life and health insurance claim reserves also take into account estimates
of the costs of settling known as well as incurred but not reported claims. Such
estimates are based on an assessment of the facts available during the
settlement process and past experience as to the emergence and severity of
unreported claims.
The following table shows an analysis of changes in aggregate reserves for
the Company's losses, claims and settlement expenses for each of the years
shown:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- ------------- -------------
Gross reserves at beginning of year................................ $ 3,451.0 $ 3,389.5 $ 3,433.7
Less: reinsurance losses recoverable ............................. 1,273.3 1,243.9 1,248.9
------------- ------------- -------------
Net reserves at beginning of year ........................ 2,177.6 2,145.6 2,184.8
------------- ------------- -------------
Incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses:
Provisions for insured events of the current year................ 1,049.4 983.6 911.5
Change in provision for insured events of prior years............ (76.5) (126.6) (153.5)
------------- ------------- -------------
Total incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses....... 972.9 857.0 758.1
------------- ------------- -------------
Payments:
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to
insured events of the current year............................. 312.9 319.8 306.7
Claims and claim adjustment expenses attributable to
insured events of prior years.................................. 531.5 505.0 490.7
------------- ------------- -------------
Total payments............................................ 844.5 824.9 797.3
------------- ------------- -------------
Amount of reserves for unpaid claims and claim adjustment
expenses at the end of each year, net of reinsurance
losses recoverable............................................... 2,306.0 2,177.6 2,145.6
Reinsurance losses recoverable..................................... 1,370.7 1,273.3 1,243.9
------------- ------------- -------------
Gross reserves at end of year...................................... $ 3,676.8 $ 3,451.0 $ 3,389.5
============= ============= =============
For the three most recent calendar years, the above table indicates, on
line (5), that the one-year development of consolidated reserves at the
beginning of each year produced average annual redundancies of about 5.5%. The
Company believes that the factors most responsible, in varying and continually
changing degrees, for such redundancies included greater than originally
estimated salvage and subrogation recoveries, better than expected employment
levels that can reduce the number of insured mortgage loans that actually
default, greater than anticipated sales and rising prices of homes that can
reduce claim costs upon the sale of foreclosed properties, higher levels of loan
refinancing activity that can reduce the period of time over which a policy
remains at risk, and lower than expected frequencies of claims incurred but not
reported. The factors most responsible for producing varying offsetting levels
of reserve deficiencies include the effect of reserve discounts applicable to
workers' compensation claims, higher than expected severity of litigated claims
in particular, governmental or judicially imposed retroactive conditions in the
settlement of claims such as noted above in regard to black lung disease claims,
greater than anticipated inflation rates applicable to repairs and the medical
portion of claims in particular, and higher than expected claims incurred but
not reported due to the slower emergence patterns applicable to certain types of
claims such as those stemming from litigated, assumed reinsurance, or the A&E
types of claims noted above.
(h) Income Taxes-The Corporation and most of its subsidiaries file a
consolidated tax return and provide for income taxes payable currently. Deferred
income taxes included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles will
35
not necessarily become payable/recoverable in the future. The Company uses the
asset and liability method of calculating deferred income taxes. This method
calls for the establishment of a deferred tax, calculated at currently effectiveenacted
tax rates forthat are applied to the cumulative temporary differences between
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities.
The provision for combined current and deferred income taxes reflected in
the consolidated statements of income does not bear the usual relationship to
operating income before taxes as the result of permanent and other differences
between pre-taxpretax income and taxable income determined under existing tax
regulations. The more significant differences, their effect on the statutory
income tax rate, and the resulting effective income tax rates are summarized
below:
Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
Statutory tax rate.......................................................rate................................................ 35.0% 35.0% 35.0%
Tax rate increases (decreases):
Tax-exempt interest................................................. (4.1) (3.7)interest ........................................ (3.1) (3.5) (4.3)
Dividends received exclusion........................................ (.1) (.1) (.1)
Tax settlement...................................................... - (1.4) -exclusion................................ (.4) (.3) (.4)
Other items - net...................................................net (*) ...................................... (1.6) .5 .4
.5 .3
-------- -------- --------------------- -------------- -------------
Effective tax rate....................................................... 31.2% 30.3% 31.6%
======== ======== ========rate................................................ 29.9% 31.7% 30.7%
============= ============== =============
39
(*) Tax and related interest recoveries of $10.9 were recorded in the
second quarter of 2002 as a result of the favorable resolution of tax issues
dating back to the Company's 1987 tax return. This adjustment reduced the
effective tax rate by approximately 1.9 percentage points.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant
portions of the Company's net deferred tax recoverable (payable) are as follows
at the dates shown:
December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
--------- ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
Deferred Tax Assets:
Future policy benefits........................................benefits....................................... $ 3.54.8 $ 3.35.9 $ 2.36.1
Losses, claims, and settlement expenses....................... 166.3 182.4 182.8
Other......................................................... 15.9 12.4 10.0
---------- ----------- ----------expenses...................... 148.5 140.4 143.9
Other........................................................ 19.4 19.4 19.2
------------- -------------- -------------
Total gross deferred tax assets............................. 185.7 198.1 195.2
Less-valuation allowance.................................... - - .7
---------- ----------- ----------
Net deferred tax assets..................................... 185.7 198.1 194.4
---------- ----------- ----------assets................................ 172.8 165.9 169.3
------------- -------------- -------------
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Unearned premium reserves..................................... 21.4 15.2 8.9reserves.................................... 26.5 25.9 28.0
Deferred policy acquisition costs............................. 47.9 42.5 38.7costs............................ 65.0 55.4 49.8
Mortgage guaranty insurers' contingency reserves.............. 228.4 181.3 135.3reserves............. 446.5 391.9 337.7
Fixed maturity securities adjusted to cost.................... 6.8 6.9 5.9
Unrealizedcost................... 9.5 8.9 8.4
Net unrealized investment gains................................... 42.9 38.2 22.8gains.............................. 66.0 55.5 24.6
Title plants and records......................................records..................................... 4.4 4.3 4.1
Other......................................................... 13.5 17.8 17.6
---------- ----------- ----------4.4 4.4
Other........................................................ - - 5.8
------------- -------------- -------------
Total deferred tax liabilities.............................. 365.6 306.4 233.5
---------- ----------- ----------liabilities........................... 618.1 542.4 459.1
------------- -------------- -------------
Net deferred tax liability..................................liabilities............................. $ (179.8)(445.2) $ (108.3)(376.5) $ (39.1)
========== =========== ==========(289.8)
============= ============== =============
Pursuant to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code pertaining to
mortgage guaranty insurers, a contingency reserve (established in accordance
with insurance regulations designed to protect policyholders against
extraordinary volumes of claims) is deductible from gross income. The tax
benefits obtained from such deductions must, however, be invested in a special
type of non-interest bearing U.S. Government Tax and Loss Bond. For Federal
income tax purposes, the amounts deducted for the contingency reserve are taken
into gross statutory taxable income (a) when the contingency reserve is
permitted to be charged for losses under state law or regulation, (b) in the
event operating losses are incurred, or (c) in any event upon the expiration of
ten years.
Life insurance companies domiciled in the United States and qualifying as
life insurers for tax purposes are taxed under special provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code. As a result of legislation, 1983 and prior years' tax
deferred earnings (cumulatively $18.1$13.3 at December 31, 1998)2002) credited to the
former memorandum "policyholders' surplus account" will generally not be taxed
unless they are subsequently distributed to shareholders. The Company does not
presently anticipate any distribution or payment of taxes on such earnings in
the future.
As a result of regular examinations of the tax returns forDuring 2002, the Corporation and its subsidiaries settled tax years
1991-1995 with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has proposed certain
adjustments for additional taxes applicable toa net immaterial amount
which had no significant effect on the years 1983 to 1995. The
proposed adjustments pertain to the timing of certain deductions, the IRS's
contention that contractually obligated premium refunds should be treated as
dividends, deductions for certain loss and related reserves, a reinsurance
transaction, and several other issues not involving material amounts. The
Company and its tax counsel believe that substantially all of the proposed
material adjustments are without merit, that the Company will be successful in
vigorously defending its positions, and that the ultimate adjustments, if any,
will not significantly affect itsCorporation's financial condition or
results of operations. In 1997, several life insurance subsidiaries recovered income taxes and
related accumulated interest due to favorable resolution withThe IRS has recently started an examination of the
Internal
Revenue Services of various outstanding issues pertaining to income1998-2000 tax returns
for the years, 1979 through 1982. These cash recoveries, net of miscellaneous
charges, increased other income by $12.6, reduced income tax expense by $5.9 and
increased net income by $14.2.but has not proposed any significant adjustments.
(i) Property and Equipment-Property and equipment is generally depreciated or
amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets, (2 to 4527 years),
substantially by the straight-line method. Expenditures for maintenance and
repairs are charged to income as incurred, and expenditures for major renewals
and additions are capitalized.
4036
(j) Title Plants and Records-Title plants and records are carried at original
cost or appraised value at date of purchase. Such values represent the cost of
producing or acquiring interests in title records and indexes and the appraised
value of purchased subsidiaries' title records and indexes at dates of
acquisition. The cost of maintaining, updating, and operating title records is
charged to income as incurred. Title records and indexes are ordinarily not
amortized unless events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
the capitalized costs may not be recoverable.
(k) Goodwill-TheGoodwill-Through December 31, 2001, the costs of certain purchased
subsidiaries in excess of related book values (goodwill) at date of acquisition
are beinghad been amortized against operations principally over 40 years using the
straight-line method. Amortization of goodwill amounted to $3.6$4.2 in 1998, $3.22001 and $4.1
in 19972000.
Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 (FAS-142)
"Goodwill and $4.6Other Intangible Assets", which took effect for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2001, all goodwill resulting from business
combinations will no longer be amortized against operations but must be tested
periodically for possible impairment of its continued value. Such a test was
performed early in 1996.2002 and did not result in impairment charges.
(l) Employee Benefit Plans- The Corporation has several pension plans covering a
portion of its work force. The plans are defined benefit plans pursuant to which
pension payments are based primarily on years of service and employee
compensation near retirement. It is the Corporation's policy to fund the plans'
costs as they accrue. Plan assets are comprised principally of bonds, common
stocks and short-term investments.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued, in January, 1998,
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 132 (FAS-132) "Employers'
Disclosures About Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits". FAS-132 revises
disclosures about pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The Statement
did not change the measurements or recognition of pension or other
postretirement costs of the plans.
The changes in the projected benefit obligation are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---------- ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year.....................year................ $ 125.4144.2 $ 117.3127.7 $ 105.7123.3
Increases (decreases) during the year attributable to:
Service cost....................................................... 4.0 4.1 3.8cost.................................................. 4.9 4.3 3.9
Interest cost...................................................... 8.5 8.2 7.8cost................................................. 10.2 9.5 9.0
Actuarial (gains) losses........................................... (1.9) 1.6 4.8losses...................................... 9.8 6.7 (1.4)
Benefits paid...................................................... (6.5) (5.9) (5.4)
Business combinations, divestitures, curtailments
or settlements..................................................paid................................................. (7.7) (7.3) (7.0)
Plan merger................................................... - 3.1 -
(.3)
Special termination benefits....................................... - - .6
---------- ----------- ------------------------ -------------- -------------
Net increase for year................................................. 4.1 8.1 11.5
---------- ----------- -----------year............................................ 17.3 16.5 4.3
------------- -------------- -------------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year...........................year...................... $ 129.5161.6 $ 125.4144.2 $ 117.3
========== =========== ===========127.7
============= ============== =============
The changes in the fair value of net assets available for plan benefits are
as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---------- ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- -------------- -------------
Fair value of net assets available for plan benefits
at beginning of the year...........................................year....................................... $ 135.2158.2 $ 124.4143.8 $ 112.6129.0
Increases (decreases) during the year attributable to:
Actual return on plan assets....................................... 7.7 16.2 15.3assets................................... (1.2) 13.7 19.9
Sponsor contributions.............................................. 1.1 .7 2.2contributions.......................................... 8.1 5.1 2.1
Benefits paid...................................................... (6.5) (5.9) (5.4)paid.................................................. (7.7) (7.3) (7.0)
Administrative expenses............................................ (.2) (.2)expenses........................................ (.3) ---------- ----------- -----------(.1) (.1)
Plan merger.................................................... (.3) 3.1 -
------------- -------------- -------------
Net increase (decrease) for year................................................. 2.0 10.7 11.8
---------- ----------- -----------year.................................. (1.6) 14.4 14.8
------------- -------------- -------------
Fair value of net assets available for plan benefits
at the end of the year....................................year......................................... $ 137.3156.6 $ 135.2158.2 $ 124.4
========== =========== ===========143.8
============= ============== =============
41
A reconciliation of the funded status of the plans is as follows:
December 31,
---------------------------
1998 1997
----------- -----------------------------------------
2002 2001
------------- -------------
Plan assets in excess of (less than) projected benefit obligations..........................obligations................ $ 7.7(4.9) $ 9.813.9
Prior service cost not yet recognized in net periodic
pension cost..................................................................cost................................................................... .2 .3.1
Unrecognized net gain (loss).................................................... .3 (1.0)
Remaining unrecognized transition net assets from
December 31, 1985............................................................ (1.0) (1.6)
----------- -----------
Unfunded accrued pension(gain) loss...................................................... 20.4 (4.6)
------------- -------------
Pension asset recognized in the consolidated balance sheet...........................................sheet........................ $ 7.215.7 $ 7.4
=========== ===========9.5
============= =============
37
The components of annual net periodic pension cost (credit) for the plans
consisted of the following:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---------- ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- ------------- -------------
Service cost......................................................cost........................................................ $ 4.04.9 $ 4.14.3 $ 3.83.9
Interest cost..................................................... 8.5 8.2 7.8cost....................................................... 10.2 9.5 9.0
Expected return on plan assets.................................... (9.2) (10.1) (12.2)assets...................................... (7.5) (13.2) (11.8)
Amortization of unrecognized transition liability.................liability................... - - (.5) (1.0) (1.5)
Recognized (gain) loss............................................ (1.5) - 2.5
Prior service cost recognized..................................... - .1 .1
Loss on business settlement or curtailment........................ - - .3
---------- ----------- -----------loss.............................................. (5.2) 1.4 1.5
------------- ------------- -------------
Net cost..........................................................cost............................................................ $ 1.22.4 $ 1.22.2 $ .9
========== =========== ===========2.1
============= ============= =============
The projected benefit obligations for the plans were determined using the
following weighted-average assumptions at the dates shown:
December 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
---------- ----------------------------------------
2002 2001
------------- -------------
Settlement discount rates....................................................... 7.03% 7.30%rates........................................................ 7.00% 7.34%
Rates of compensation increase.................................................. 3.67% 4.00%increase................................................... 3.37% 3.36%
Long-term rates of return on assets............................................. 8.18% 8.25%plans' assets....................................... 8.37% 8.38%
Included in the plans' assets are Common Shares of the Company valued at
$11.2 and $12.7$6.1 as of December 31, 19982002 and 1997, respectively.2001.
The Corporation has a number of profit sharing and other incentive
compensation programs for the benefit of a substantial number of its employees.
The costs related to such programs are summarized below:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---------- ----------- -----------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------- ------------- -------------
Employees Savings and Stock Ownership Plan........................Plan.......................... $ 7.45.0 $ 4.04.7 $ 4.02.3
Other profit sharing..............................................sharing plans.......................................... 6.7 6.0 5.4 4.1 4.0
Deferred and incentive compensation...............................compensation................................. $ 18.024.3 $ 12.815.0 $ 10.0
========== =========== ===========11.4
============= ============= =============
42
The Company sponsors a leveragedan Employees Savings and Stock Ownership Plan (ESSOP)
in which a majority of its employees participate. The ESSOP initially acquired all of
its stock of the Company in 1987 and prior years. Accordingly,
it is not requiredAll such shares have been
released over the years, and current Company contributions are directed to adopt the
American Instituteopen market purchase of Certified Public
Accountants' SOP No. 93-6, "Employers' Accounting for Employee Stock Ownership
Plans." Shares of Company stock owned by the ESSOP are released to participants
based on a formula prescribed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, and dividendsits shares. Dividends on released shares are allocated
to participants as earnings. The Company's annual contributions are based on a
formula consideringthat takes growth in net income per share over consecutive five year
periods.periods into account. As of December 31, 1998,2002, there were 7,102,5536,456,913 Common
Shares owned by the ESSOP all of which 764,515
were unreleasedreleased and unallocated.allocated to employees'
account balances. There are no repurchase obligations in existence. (See Note 2).
(m) Escrow Funds-Segregated cash deposit accounts and the offsetting liabilities
for escrow deposits in connection with Title Insurance Group real estate
transactions in the same amounts ($681.7942.8 and $541.7$582.3 at December 31, 19982002 and
1997,2001, respectively) are not included as assets or liabilities in the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets as the escrow funds are not available
for regular operations.
38
(n) Earnings Per Share-In 1997, the Company adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard No. 128 "Earnings Per Share" which established a new
methodology for computing earnings per share. ConsolidatedShare-Consolidated basic earnings per share excludes the
dilutive effect of common stock equivalents and is computed by dividing income
available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares
actually outstanding for the year. Diluted earnings per share are similarly
calculated with the inclusion of common stock equivalents. The following tables
provide a reconciliation of thenet income before extraordinary
items and number of shares used in basic and
diluted earnings per share calculations.
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996-----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
--------------- --------------- -----------------------------
Numerator:
Net Income before extraordinary item.................................................................. $ 323.7392.9 $ 298.1346.9 $ 234.8297.5
Less: Preferred stock dividends........................ .2 1.7 7.5dividends....................... - - .1
--------------- --------------- -----------------------------
Numerator for basic earnings per share -
income available to common stockholders.............. 323.5 296.3 227.3stockholders........... 392.9 346.9 297.4
Effect of dilutive securities:
Convertible preferred stock dividends................ .2 1.7 3.0
Convertible debentures interest......................dividends............. - - .4.1
--------------- --------------- ---------------
.2 1.7 3.4
--------------- --------------- -----------------------------
Numerator for diluted earnings per share -
income available to common stockholders
after assumed conversions............................conversions........................ $ 323.7392.9 $ 298.1346.9 $ 230.7297.5
=============== =============== =============================
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share -
weighted-average shares.............................. 137,347,772 133,659,413 129,030,492shares.......................... 120,575,550 118,957,511 119,318,408
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options........................................ 1,558,133 1,763,123 1,237,181options..................................... 963,237 1,325,415 745,557
Convertible preferred stock.......................... 244,467 6,345,825 10,512,543
Convertible debentures............................... - - 1,187,513stock....................... 10,090 44,980 133,079
--------------- --------------- -----------------------------
Dilutive potential common shares....................... 1,802,600 8,108,948 12,937,237shares.................. 973,327 1,370,395 878,636
--------------- --------------- -----------------------------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share -
adjusted weighted-average shares and
assumed conversions............................... 139,150,372 141,768,361 141,967,729conversions.............................. 121,548,877 120,327,906 120,197,044
=============== =============== =============================
Basic earnings per share............................... $ 2.35 $ 2.22 $ 1.76
=============== =============== ===============
Diluted earnings per share............................. $ 2.333.26 $ 2.102.92 $ 1.622.49
=============== =============== ==============
Diluted earnings per share........................... $ 3.23 $ 2.88 $ 2.47
=============== =============== ==============
43
(o) Cash Flows-For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the
Company considers short-term investments, consisting of money market funds,
certificates of deposit, and commercial paper with original maturities of less
than 90 days to be cash equivalents. These securities are carried at cost which
approximates fair value.
Supplemental cash flow information:
Years Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996----------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
---------- ---------- --------------------- -----------
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest......................................................Interest......................................................... $ 9.89.2 $ 9.313.0 $ 14.015.9
Income taxes.................................................. 70.3 73.0 75.2taxes..................................................... 109.4 97.8 62.6
---------- ---------- --------------------- -----------
$ 80.2118.7 $ 82.3110.8 $ 89.278.5
========== ========== ===================== ===========
(p) Concentration of Credit Risk-Excluding U.S. government fixed maturity
securities, the Company is not exposed to any significantmaterial concentration of credit risk.risks
as to any one issuer.
(q) Statement Presentation-Amounts shown in the consolidated financial
statements and applicable notes are stated (except as otherwise indicated and as
to share data) in millions, which amounts may not add to totals shown due to
rounding. Necessary reclassifications are made in prior periods' financial
statements whenever appropriate to conform to the most current presentation.
39
Note 2-Debt and Debt Equivalents-Consolidated2-Debt-Consolidated debt of Old Republic and its subsidiaries is summarized
below:
December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1998 1997
---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
------------------------- -------------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Amount Value Amount Value
---------- --------- ---------- --------------------- ----------- -----------
Commercial paper due within 180 days with an
average yield of 5.40%1.48% and 5.92%2.32%, respectively.................respectively....... $ 9.819.9 $ 9.819.9 $ 9.834.9 $ 9.834.9
Debentures maturing in 2007 at 7.0%....................................................... 114.9 124.8124.2 114.9 119.2120.0
Other miscellaneous debt............................................ 15.1 15.1 12.0 12.0debt................................. 6.6 6.6 9.1 9.1
---------- --------- ---------- --------------------- ----------- -----------
Total debt.......................................................... 140.0 149.9 136.8 141.2
Common stock classified as a debt
equivalent (See (a) below)..................................... 5.1 5.1 6.1 6.1
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
Total debt and debt equivalents.....................................Debt...................................... $ 145.1141.5 $ 155.0150.7 $ 142.9159.0 $ 147.3164.0
========== ========= ========== ===================== =========== ===========
The carrying amount of the Company's commercial paper borrowings
approximates its fair value. The fair value of publicly traded debt is based on
its quoted market price.
Scheduled maturities of the above debt (including common stock classified
as a debt equivalent see (a)below) at December 31, 19982002 are as follows:
1999:
$14.6; 2000: $4.2; 2001: $1.0; 2002: $.4; 2003: $.6; 2004$22.8; 2004: $ .5; 2005: $ .7; 2006: $ .2; 2007: $115.2; 2008 and after:
$123.9.$1.8. During 1998, 19972002, 2001 and 1996, $10.0, $9.6,2000, $9.3, $13.1 and $10.8,$15.9, respectively, of
interest expense on debt was charged to consolidated operations.
- ------------
(a) The Company has guaranteed bank loans (balance at December 31, 1998 was
$5.1) to a Trust established by the Old Republic Employees Savings and
Stock Ownership Plan ("ESSOP"). The loans have been used to fund the
purchase of Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock from the
Company by the Trust for the original amount of the loans. All remaining
Series D Preferred Stock shares were fully converted into common shares as
of August 22, 1997. The Trust's loan principal repayments (currently
scheduled at $2.6 in 1999 and $2.5 in 2000) are expected to be met by
annual profit sharing contributions by the Corporation and its
participating subsidiaries, while interest payments are to be covered by
Trust income, including dividends on the Corporation's stock held by the
ESSOP. The interest on the Trust's loans is payable quarterly and at rates
ranging from 75% to 80% of the prime rate. See Notes 3a and 3c.
44
Note 3-Shareholders' Equity - All common and preferred share data herein has
been retroactively adjusted as applicable for stock dividends or splits declared
through December 31, 1998.2002.
(a) Preferred Stock-The following table shows certain information pertaining to
the Corporation's preferred shares issued and outstanding:
Convertible
---------------------------
Preferred Stock Series: G(1)
---------------------------
Annual cumulative dividend rate per share.............share.............................................. $ (1)
Conversion ratio of preferred into common shares ........................................... 1 for .95
Conversion right begins...............................begins................................................................ Anytime
Redemption and liquidation value per share............share............................................. (1)
Redemption beginning in year...........................year........................................................... (1)
Total redemption value (millions)............................................................................ (1)
Vote per share.........................................share......................................................................... one
Shares outstanding:
December 31, 1997...................................... 237,5512001.................................................................... 44,591
December 31, 1998...................................... 270,858
=============2002.................................................................... 5,800
==============
- ----------------------
(1) The Corporation has authorized up to 1,000,000 shares of Series G
Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series G") for issuance pursuant to the Corporation's
Stock Option Plan. Series G hashad been issued under two
different designations; the most recent designation being"G-2". In
2001, the Corporation created a new designation, "G-3", from which no
shares have been issued as of December 31, 2002. Management believes this
designation will be the source of possible future issuances of Series G-2
(exceptG
stock. Except as otherwise stated, Series G"G-2" and Series G-2"G-3" are
collectively referred to as Series G)"G". Each share of Series G pays a
floating rate dividend based on the prime rate of interest. At December 31,
1998,2002, the annual dividend rate for Series GG-2 was $.82$.46 per share. Each
share of Series G is convertible at any time, after being held six months,
into 0.95 shares of Common Stock (See 3(d)Note 3(c)). Unless previously
converted, Series G shares may be redeemed at the Corporation's sole option
five years after their issuance.
(b) Cash Dividend Restrictions-The payment of cash dividends by the Corporation
is principally dependent upon the amount of its insurance subsidiaries'
statutory policyholders' surplus available for dividend distribution. The
insurance subsidiaries' ability to pay cash dividends to the Corporation is in
turn generally restricted by law or subject to approval of the insurance
regulatory authorities of the states in which they are domiciled. These
authorities recognize only statutory accounting practices for determining
financial position, results of operations, and the ability of an insurer to pay
dividends to its shareholders. Based on 19982002 data, the maximum amount of
dividends payable to the Corporation by its insurance and a small number of
non-insurance company subsidiaries during 19992003 without the prior approval of
appropriate regulatory authorities is approximately $207.2. However, management
does not expect to distribute all such dividends since reinvested earnings are
the Corporation's major source of capital to promote its growth, and support its
obligations to policyholders.$227.4.
(c) Debt Restrictions-Under the most restrictive covenants, the terms of Old
Republic's guaranties relative to loan agreements described in Note 2(a) provide
that while loans under such agreements are outstanding, Old Republic is
restricted from, among other things, permitting "Debt" to exceed 25% of its
consolidated tangible net worth (as adjusted for goodwill and net unrealized
investment gains or losses, but including title plants and records) without
approval of the lenders.
(d) Stock Option Plan-The Corporation has a stock option planplans for certain
eligible key employees. OutstandingThe plan in effect since 1992 was amended in 2002 for
grants made in 2002, prior to the plan's expiration, as to the granting of new
shares in May, 2002. A new plan was adopted and approved by the shareholders in
May, 2002 to cover grants in 2003 and after. The combination of options awarded
at any one timethe date of grant and previously issued options still outstanding at such
date, may not exceed 5%6% of the Old Republic common stock then issued and outstanding.
The exercise price of options is equal to the market price of the Corporation's
stock onat the date of grant;grant, and the term of each optionthe options is generally ten years
from such date. Options granted in 2001 and prior years under the 1992 plan may
be exercised to the extent of 10% of the number of sharesoptions covered thereby on
and after the date of grant, and cumulatively to the extent of an additional 10%
on and after each of the first through ninth anniversariessubsequent calendar years. Options
40
granted in 2002 and subsequent years may be exercised to the extent of 10% of
the number of options covered thereby on and after the date of grant, and
cumulatively to the grant.extent of an additional 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% on and after
the second through fifth calendar years, respectively.
In the event the closing market closing price of the Old RepublicRepublic's common stock
reaches a pre-established value ("the vesting acceleration price"), however,
optioneesoptions
granted in 2001 and prior years may exercise their optionsbe exercised cumulatively to the extent of
10% of the number of shares covered by the optiongrant for each year of employment by
the optionee. The
Corporation may extend 15 year loans at a prevailing market rate of interest for
a portionFor grants in 2002 and subsequent years, optionees become vested
on an accelerated basis to the extent of the exercise price.greater of 10% of the options
granted times the number of years of employment, or the sum of the optionee's
already vested grant plus 50% of the remaining unvested grant.
The option plan also enablesplans enable optionees to, alternatively, exercise their options
into Series "G" Convertible Preferred Stock. The exercise of options into such
Preferred Stock reduces by 5% the number of equivalent common shares which would
otherwise be obtained from the exercise of options into common shares.
45
For financial reporting purposes, Old Republic records the exercise of
stock options directly in its capital accounts as permitted under existing
accounting pronouncements. The following table shows a comparison of net income
and related per share information as reported, and on a pro-forma basis on the
assumption that the estimated value of stock options was treated as compensation
costs.cost. In estimating the compensation cost of options, the fair value of options
at date of grant has been calculated using a Black-Scholes options pricing model
that takes the assumptions shown below into account.
Years Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
----------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- --------------
Option pricing/weighted average assumptions:
Risk-free interest rates.................................... 5.62% 6.63% 6.74%rates...................................... 5.41% 4.79% 6.11%
Dividend yield.............................................. 2.11% 3.05% 2.49%yield................................................ 2.53% 2.82% 5.75%
Common stock market
price volatility factors.................................. .22 .22 .22factors................................... .27 .27 .24
Expected option life........................................life.......................................... 10 years 10 years 10 years
Comparative data:
Net income:
As reported...............................................reported................................................ $ 323.7392.9 $ 298.1346.9 $ 230.3297.5
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation
expenses determined under the fair value based
method for all awards, net of related tax effects...... 3.0 1.8 3.6
-------------- -------------- --------------
Pro forma basis........................................... 319.8 297.3 228.4basis............................................ $ 389.9 $ 345.1 $ 293.9
============== ============== ==============
Basic earnings per share:
As reported............................................... 2.35 2.22 1.73reported................................................ $ 3.26 $ 2.92 $ 2.49
Pro forma basis........................................... 2.32 2.21 1.71basis............................................ 3.23 2.90 2.46
Diluted earnings per share:
As reported............................................... 2.33 2.10 1.59reported................................................ 3.23 2.88 2.47
Pro forma basis...........................................basis............................................ $ 2.303.20 $ 2.102.86 $ 1.58
=========== =========== ===========2.44
============== ============== ==============
A summary of the status of the Corporation's stock options as of December
31, 1998, 19972002, 2001 and 1996,2000, and changes in outstanding options during the years
then ended follows:
As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
-------------------- --------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
----------------------- ---------------------- -----------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
---------- --------- -------- --------- -------- --------- ----------------- ----------
Outstanding at beginning of year ... 4,438,760...... 5,129,689 $ 12.83 3,237,20420.60 4,623,500 $ 9.55 4,060,36218.23 4,975,697 $ 8.99
Granted............................. 1,067,402 29.24 1,734,750 17.83 7,500 14.75
Exercised........................... 1,126,548 10.83 510,334 9.12 789,746 6.64
Canceled17.92
Granted................................ 1,137,600 31.60 1,148,000 26.95 885,700 12.00
Exercised.............................. 1,395,316 15.29 609,642 14.31 1,134,455 11.53
Forfeited and forfeited.............. 71,172 18.23 22,860 10.45 40,912 10.75
---------canceled ................ 76,600 25.15 32,169 25.25 103,442 23.72
---------- --------- ---------
Outstanding at end of year.......... 4,308,442 17.34 4,438,760 12.83 3,237,204 9.55
=========year............. 4,795,373 24.68 5,129,689 20.60 4,623,500 18.23
========== ========= =========
Exercisable at end of year.......... 2,669,167 13.81 2,385,821 10.12 2,578,437 9.41year............. 2,191,322 $ 20.64 2,870,530 $ 17.67 3,053,669 $ 16.46
========== ========= ========= ========= ========= ==========
Weighted average fair value of
options granted during the year..year (1).. $ 9.4410.38 per share $ 5.29 $5.01
====== ====== =====8.12 per share $ 2.09 per share
========== ========= =========
(1) Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions
outline in the table above.
41
A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 19982002
follows:
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------
Weighted - Average
------------------------ Weighted
Year(s) Number Remaining Weighted-Average
Of Out- Contractual Exercise Number Con- Number Average
Out- tractual Exercise Exercis- Exercise
Ranges of Exercise Prices Grant Standing Life Price ableExercisable Price
-------------------------------- -------- ---------- ----------- --------- --------- -------- --------- -------------------- ----------
$10.84 to $11.83.............. 1994-95 217,805 2.00 yrs $ 4.6510.85 202,090 $ 10.85
$14.75 to $17.83.............. 1996-97 600,428 4.00 yrs 17.82 547,412 17.82
$29.04 to $29.08.............. 1998 877,647 5.00 yrs 29.04 438,824 29.04
$17.56 to $19.50.............. 1999 506,313 6.00 yrs 19.50 395,100 19.50
$12.00 to $13.56.............. 2000 349,765 7.00 yrs 12.00 272,773 12.00
$26.92 to $28.37.............. 2001 1,107,815 8.00 yrs 26.95 221,563 26.95
$31.60 to $31.60.............. 2002 1,135,600 9.00 yrs $ 5.61.......................... 258,952 2.00 yrs.31.60 113,560 $ 5.53 235,943 $ 5.54
$ 9.11 to $11.83.......................... 1,577,706 5.38 yrs. 10.93 1,306,328 10.94
$ 14.75 to $17.83.......................... 1,423,979 7.99 yrs. 17.82 1,022,115 17.83
$ 29.04 to $29.08.......................... 1,047,805 9.00 yrs. $ 29.04 104,781 $ 29.04
--------- ======== ---------31.60
---------- ========= Total................................... 4,308,442 2,669,167
========= =========----------- ==========
Total...................... 4,795,373 2,191,322
========== ===========
46
(e)The maximum number of options available for future issuance as of December
31, 2002, is 2,440,553.
(d) Common Stock-There were 500,000,000 shares of common stock authorized at
December 31, 1998.2002. At the same date, there were 100,000,000 shares of Class "B"
common stock authorized but none were issued or outstanding. Class "B" common
shares have the same rights as common shares except for being entitled to 1/10th
of a vote per share. The Corporation issued a total of 514,626In March 2000, the Company canceled 36,420,135 common
shares valued at $4.6 and
1,112,400 common shares valued at $8.9 in 1998 and 1996, respectivelypreviously reported as treasury stock, restoring them to unissued status;
this had no effect acquisitions which were not material to Old Republic'son total shareholders' equity or the financial position or
operating results.
(f)of
the Company.
(e) Undistributed Earnings-TheEarnings-At December 31, 2002, the equity of the Corporation
in the undistributed earnings, determined in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and in the net unrealized investment gains (losses) of
its respective subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 amounted to $1,481.3$2,211.4 and $81.0,$121.8, respectively. Dividends
declared during 1998, 19972002, 2001 and 1996,2000, to the Corporation by its subsidiaries
amounted to $158.2, $226.6$139.1, $120.3 and $152.8,$119.6, respectively.
(g)(f) Statutory Data-The policyholders' surplus and net income, determined in
accordance with statutory accounting practices, of the Corporation's insurance
subsidiaries was as follows at the dates and for the periods shown:
Policyholders' Surplus Net Income
------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
December 31, Years Ended December 31,
------------------------- ---------------------------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997 1996-------------------------- -----------------------------------------
2002 2001 2002 2001 2000
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
General Insurance Group......................Group................. $ 1,236.91,318.7 $ 1,222.91,318.1 $ 163.6113.2 $ 171.190.0 $ 182.6109.5
Mortgage Guaranty Group...................... 113.2 123.8 146.8 141.3 111.6Group................. 216.6 241.2 219.7 235.2 221.9
Title Insurance Group........................ 112.5 114.2 18.9 14.9 14.1Group................... 125.3 116.5 31.7 23.3 13.7
Life Insurance Group.........................Group.................... $ 63.946.3 $ 71.247.7 $ .1.9 $ 16.53.0 $ 5.66.2
=========== =========== =========== =========== ===========
In December, 1998, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners
adopted a revised Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual ("Codification").
This Codification is a comprehensive compilation of statutory accounting
practices and principles and was effective for accounting periods beginning
after January 1, 2001. The adoption of codification resulted in an increase of
$23.2 at December 31, 2001 in the Company's statutory policyholders' surplus
principally due to the net effect of increases in premiums written, acquisition
costs and deferred income taxes.
Note 4-Commitments and Contingent Liabilities:
(a) Reinsurance-InReinsurance and Retention Limits-In order to maintain premium production
within their capacity and to limit maximum losses for which they might become
liable under policies underwritten, Old Republic's insurance subsidiaries, as is
the common practice in the insurance industry, cede all or a portion of their
premiums and liabilities on certain classes of business to other insurers and
reinsurers. Although the ceding of insurance does not ordinarily discharge an
insurer from liability to a policyholder, it is industry practice to establish
the reinsured part of risks as the liability of the reinsurer. Old Republic also
employs retrospective premium, contingent commission, and profit sharing
arrangements for parts of its business in order to minimize losses for which it
might become liable under insurance policies underwritten by it. To the extent
that any reinsurance companies or retrospectively rated risks or producers might
be unable to meet their obligations under existing reinsurance or retrospective
insurance and agency agreements, Old Republic would be liable for the defaulted
amounts. As deemed necessary, reinsurance ceded to other companies is secured by
letters of credit, cash, and/or securities.
ReinsuranceExcept as noted in the following paragraph, reinsurance protection for General Insuranceon
property and liability operations generally limits the net loss on any one riskmost
individual claims to the following maximumsa maximum of (in thousands): $1,000 for workers'
compensation-$1,000;compensation; $1,000 for commercial auto liability-$600;liability; $1,000 for general
liability-$600;liability; $2,400 for executive protection (directors & officers and errors &
omissions); $1,000 for aviation; and $300 for property coverages-$300. A substantial portion ofcoverages. Substantially
all the mortgage guaranty insurance businessrisk is retained, with the exposure on any
one risk currently averaging approximately $26.$27. Title insurance risk assumptions
based on the title
insurance subsidiary's financial resources, are currently limited to $25,000a maximum of $100,000 as to any one policy.policy beginning in 2003, and
42
for amounts of up to $25,000 in 2002 and prior years. The vast majority of title
policies issued, however, carry exposures of $500 or less. The maximum amount of
ordinary life insurance retained on any one life by the Life Insurance Group is
$300.
Due to worldwide reinsurance capacity and related cost constraints,
effective January 1, 2002, the Corporation began retaining exposures for all,
but most predominantly workers' compensation liability insurance coverages in
excess of $40.0 that were previously assumed by unaffiliated reinsurers for up
to $100.0. Effective January 1, 2003 reinsurance ceded limits were once again
raised to the $100.0 level. Pursuant to regulatory requirements, however, all
workers' compensation primary insurers such as the Company remain liable for
unlimited amounts in excess of reinsured limits. Other than the substantial
concentration of workers' compensation losses caused by the September 11, 2001
terrorist attack on America, to the best of the Company's knowledge there had
not been a similar accumulation of claims in a single location from a single
occurrence prior to that event. Nevertheless, the possibility continues to exist
that non-reinsured losses could, depending on a wide range of severity and
frequency assumptions, aggregate several hundred million dollars to an insurer
such as the Company in the event a catastrophe, such as caused by an earthquake,
lead to the death or injury of a large number of employees concentrated in a
single facility such as a high rise building.
As a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America, the
reinsurance industry eliminated coverage from substantially all contracts for
claims arising from acts of terrorism. Primary insurers such as the Company
thereby became fully exposed to such claims. Late in 2002, the Terrorism Risk
Insurance Act of 2002 (the "Act") was signed into law, immediately establishing
a temporary federal reinsurance program administered by the Secretary of
Treasury. The Act defines what constitutes an "act of terrorism" and establishes
a formula based on primary insurers' premium volume to reimburse such insurers
for 93% of any terrorism losses suffered between November 26, 2002 and December
31, 2003, 90% of any losses suffered in 2004 and 85% of any losses suffered in
2005. Further, pursuant to the Act, losses are capped for each year at $100.0
billion. The Act will sunset on December 31, 2005 if not extended or replaced by
similar legislation. The Act automatically voided all policy exclusions which
were in effect for terrorism related losses. Under the Act, insurers must offer
terrorism coverage with most commercial property and casualty insurance lines
and are permitted to establish an additional premium charge for their share of
such risks, but insureds may elect to reject the coverage. Insurers are
permitted to reinsure that portion of the risk which they retain under the Act,
but the reinsurance market has not yet responded with a widespread willingness
to reinsure such risks. As of this date, coverage for acts of terrorism are
excluded from substantially all the Corporation's reinsurance treaties, and are
effectively retained by it subject to any recovery that would be collected under
the Act.
Most of the reinsurance ceded by the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries
in the ordinary course of business is placed on a quota share or excess of loss
basis. Under quota share reinsurance, the companies remit an agreed upon
percentage of their premiums written to assuming companies and are reimbursed
for a pro-rata share of claims and commissions incurred and for a ceding
commission to cover expenses and costs for underwriting and claim services
performed. Under excess of loss reinsurance agreements, the companies are
generally reimbursed for losses exceeding contractually agreed-upon levels.
47
Reinsurance recoverable asset balances represent amounts due from or
credited by assuming reinsurers for paid and unpaid claims and policy reserves.
Such reinsurance balances as are recoverable from non-admitted foreign and
certain other reinsurers, as well as similar balances or credits arising from
policies that are retrospectively rated or subject to assureds' high deductible
retentions are substantially collateralized by letters of credit, securities,
and other financial instruments. Old Republic evaluates on a regular basis the
financial condition of its assuming reinsurers and assureds who purchase its
retrospectively rated or high deductible policies. Estimates of unrecoverable
amounts are included in the Company's claim and claim expense reserves since
reinsurance, retrospective rating, and high deductible policies and contracts do
not relieve Old Republic from its direct obligations to assureds or their
beneficiaries. Historically, the Company has not incurred material charges from
the non-recoverability of such balances and credits.
The following information relates to reinsurance and related data for the
General Insurance, Mortgage Guaranty and Life Insurance Groups for the three
years ended December 31, 1998.2002. For the years 19962000 to 1998,2002, reinsurance
transactions of the Title Insurance Group have not been material.
43
Years Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- --------------------------- --------------
General Insurance Group
Written premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 1,071.61,649.9 $ 1,103.91,377.3 $ 1,095.6
assumed................................. 25.3 32.7 48.4
ceded...................................1,115.0
assumed (1)............................ 24.6 37.4 26.7
ceded.................................. $ 204.9405.8 $ 229.1336.2 $ 278.9256.7
============== =========================== ==============
Earned premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 1,078.11,550.9 $ 1,100.61,282.2 $ 1,096.8
assumed................................. 28.3 34.6 52.1
ceded...................................1,084.4
assumed (1)............................ 22.4 36.8 25.3
ceded.................................. $ 203.9389.2 $ 228.9318.8 $ 281.3252.0
============== =========================== ==============
Claims ceded...................................................ceded.................................................... $ 160.3332.0 $ 245.7281.5 $ 215.1230.6
============== =========================== ==============
Mortgage Guaranty Group
Written premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 286.1436.3 $ 259.6390.8 $ 213.0
assumed................................. .7 .2 -
ceded...................................361.4
assumed................................ 1.2 1.6 3.7
ceded.................................. $ 3.457.2 $ .838.4 $ 1.129.7
============== =========================== ==============
Earned premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 294.0432.4 $ 271.9390.9 $ 227.9
assumed................................. .5 - -
ceded...................................359.0
assumed................................ 1.1 .7 1.9
ceded.................................. $ 3.857.3 $ .938.4 $ 1.229.4
============== =========================== ==============
Claims ceded...................................................ceded.................................................... $ .11.1 $ .22.1 $ .8
============== =========================== ==============
Mortgage guaranty insurance in force as of
December 31: direct.......................................direct................................. $ 53,837.897,786.3 $ 49,925.282,259.5 $ 45,922.3
assumed...................................... 3,963.1 658.4 -
ceded........................................72,439.5
assumed................................ 18,058.3 17,853.1 14,882.4
ceded.................................. $ 399.82,928.3 $ 221.32,403.6 $ 270.71,860.7
============== =========================== ==============
Life Insurance Group
Written premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 90.073.5 $ 84.972.0 $ 80.8
assumed................................. .1 .3 .2
ceded...................................73.4
assumed................................ .5 - -
ceded (1).............................. $ 25.425.8 $ 32.525.5 $ 32.828.0
============== =========================== ==============
Earned premiums: direct..................................direct................................. $ 85.179.8 $ 81.381.9 $ 78.8
assumed................................. .1 .3 .2
ceded...................................80.7
assumed................................ .5 - -
ceded (1).............................. $ 26.230.2 $ 32.931.3 $ 33.127.3
============== =========================== ==============
Claims ceded.................................................... $ 21.5 $ 16.6 $ 14.7
============== ============== ==============
Life insurance in force as of December 31: direct....... $ 11,422.311,437.3 $ 8,708.611,575.8 $ 6,775.811,800.5
assumed...... - - -
ceded........ $ 4,681.74,053.6 $ 3,795.64,075.3 $ 2,806.24,951.3
============== ============= ==============
Disability/accident and health insurance premiums ceded on a quota share basis:
To affiliated companies.................................... $ 1.5 $ 1.5 $ 3.1
To unaffiliated companies.................................. 15.0 18.2 18.9
-------------- ------------- --------------
Total..................................................... $ 16.6 $ 19.8 $ 22.0
============== ============= ==============
Percentage of direct and assumed premiums.................. 28.4% 34.8% 37.7%
============== ============= ==============
- ----------
(1)Various accident and health coverages written in the Life Insurance Group are
ceded to the General Insurance Group. Such amounts are recorded as premiums
ceded and premiums assumed in the respective segments of this table.
(b) Leases-Some of the Corporation's subsidiaries maintain their offices in
leased premises. Certain of these leases provide for the payment of real estate
taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses. At December 31, 1998,2002, aggregate
minimum rental commitments (net of expected sub-lease receipts) under
noncancellable operating leases of $128.2$121.8 are summarized as follows: 1999:
$30.3; 2000: $24.4; 2001: $18.5; 2002: $13.4 2003:
$10.9; 2004$34.4; 2004: $26.1; 2005: $17.0; 2006: $11.1; 2007: $9.2; 2008 and after: $30.3.
48
$23.8.
(c) General-In the normal course of business, the Corporation and its
subsidiaries are subject to various contingent liabilities, including possible
income tax assessments resulting from tax law interpretations or issues raised
by taxing or regulatory authorities in their regular examinations. Managementexaminations, catastrophic
claims occurrences not indemnified by reinsurers such as noted at 4(a) above, or
failure to collect all amounts on its investments, or balances due from assureds
and reinsurers. The Corporation does not anticipatehave a basis for anticipating any
significant losses or costs to result from any known or existing contingencies.
(d) Legal Proceedings-There are no material legalProceedings- Legal proceedings other than those
arisingagainst the Company arise in the normal
course of business and which generallyusually pertain to claim matters related to insurance
policies and contracts issued by the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries. However, various governmental entities haveOther
unusual litigation is discussed below.
In December 1999, a class action lawsuit was filed against the Company in
the Federal District Court for the Southern District of Georgia. The suit
alleges that the Company provided pool insurance and other services to mortgage
lenders at preferential, below market prices in return for mortgage insurance
business, and that such practices violated the Real Estate Settlement Procedures
44
Act. The Court ruled in favor of a summary judgment motion filed by the Company
and dismissed the lawsuit. The class plaintiffs appealed, and the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated the judgment and remanded the case back
to the District Court. The Company filed a motion seeking a summary judgment on
grounds asserted in its earlier motion but not considered by the District Court.
On February 5, 2003, the District Court denied the plaintiffs' motions to
certify a class in both the lawsuit against the Company and a similar lawsuit
pending before the same Court against another mortgage guaranty insurer. While
the Court's decision is appealable, it is not known whether the plaintiffs will
seek an appeal, and accordingly, the ultimate outcome of this litigation cannot
be foreseen. Between 2000 and 2002, the Company has paid or performed
examinationsotherwise provided
cumulatively $17.8, the majority of the recordswhich was incurred in 2002, to cover legal
defenses and other costs associated with this litigation.
The City and County of San Francisco and certain escrow customers of an
underwritten title agency subsidiary operatingheadquartered in the State of California
which is consolidated in these financial statements.
These actions allegehave filed lawsuits alleging that 1) the subsidiarysubsidiary: 1) failed to escheat unclaimed
escrow funds; 2) charged for services not necessarily provided; and 3) collected
illegal interest payments or fees from banks on the basis of funds held for
escrow customers. Additional suits seeking class action status have been filed
on the basis of the same allegations.
Between July 1998, when the Company learned of these actions and February
1999 when a draft examination report was received from a regulatory authority,
theThe subsidiary in turn conducted an internal review of its
records and concluded that it had certain liabilities for part of the issues
denoted asat (1) and (2). The subsidiary defended against the alleged practice
denoted at (3) on the grounds that such practices are common within the
industry, are not in conflict with any laws or regulations, and other
meritorious defenses. The consolidated lawsuits have been tried and a judgment
rendered, affirming in part and denying in part the preceding
paragraph. Through December 31, 1998 it hadsubsidiary's defenses. In
the aggregate, the judgment, excluding post-judgment interest, amounts to
approximately $33.0. The subsidiary has appealed the most significant portions
of the judgment, and management believes the judgment will be substantially
reduced on appeal. The subsidiary has continually evaluated its exposures since
the litigation began and has paid or otherwise provided reserves
aggregating $19.5 to coverfor its best estimate of
litigation and related costs associated with all these issues. Management believes that the alleged practices
denoted in (3)issues in the preceding paragraph, are common within the industry, are
notamounts of
$3.4, $6.8 and $4.1 in conflict with various laws2002, 2001 and regulations,2000, respectively, and that it has meritorious
defenses, which will ultimately lead to a successful resolution of these
matters.$50.0 for all
years combined since 1998.
45
Note 5-Consolidated Quarterly Results-Unaudited - Old Republic's consolidated
quarterly operating data for the two years ended December 31, 19982002 is presented
below. In the second quarter 1997, several life insurance subsidiaries recovered
income taxes and related accumulated interest due to favorable resolutions with
the Internal Revenue Service of various outstanding issues pertaining to income
tax returns for the years 1979 through 1982. These cash recoveries, net of
miscellaneous charges, increased other income by $12.6, reduced income tax
expense by $5.9 and increased net income by $14.2 (10 cents per share).
In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal
recurring adjustments necessary to a fair presentation of quarterly results have
been reflected in the data which follows. It is also management's opinion,
however, that quarterly operating data for insurance enterprises is not
indicative of results to be achieved in succeeding quarters or years. The
long-term nature of the insurance business, seasonal patterns inand cyclical factors
affecting premium production, the fortuitous nature and incidenceat times delayed
emergence of claims, and changes in yields on invested assets are some of the
factors necessitating a review of operating results, changes in shareholders'
equity, and cash flows for periods of several years to obtain a proper indicator
of performance. The data below should be read in conjunction with the
"Management Analysis of Financial Position and Results of Operations":
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
Year Ended December 31, 1998: -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------
Year Ended December 31, 2002:
Operating Summary:
Net premiums, fees, and other income..............income................ $ 417.9562.1 $ 462.9585.6 $ 480.8635.4 $ 483.5686.2
Net investment income and realized gains.......... 88.5 73.4 74.6 89.3gains (losses)... 76.7 72.1 65.6 71.9
Total revenues.................................... 506.5 536.6 555.6 573.0revenues...................................... 639.0 657.9 701.0 758.3
Benefits, claims, and expenses.................... 387.5 420.3 449.0 448.0expenses...................... 498.9 516.1 559.3 621.0
Net income........................................income (a)...................................... $ 81.595.5 $ 80.4107.5 $ 74.696.3 $ 87.1
============== ============== ============== ==============93.5
============= ============= ============= ============
Net income per share:share (a): Basic.................... $ .58.79 $ .58.89 $ .54.80 $ .64.78
Diluted.................. $ .58.79 $ .57.88 $ .54.79 $ .64
============== ============== ============== ==============.77
============= ============= ============= ============
Average common and equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic........................................... 138,541,904 137,756,505 136,914,815 135,164,446
============== ============== ============== ==============
Diluted......................................... 140,824,777 139,993,613 138,870,948 136,551,439
============== ============== ============== ==============Basic............................................ 120,226,110 120,456,722 120,549,496 120,594,089
============= ============= ============= ============
Diluted.......................................... 121,323,388 121,727,917 121,487,344 121,453,865
============= ============= ============= ============
49
(a) Second quarter 2002 earnings benefited to the extent of $10.9, or 9 cents
per share, from the resolution of various tax issues dating back to the
Company's 1987 tax return.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
Year Ended December 31, 1997: -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------
Year Ended December 31, 2001:
Operating Summary:
Net premiums, fees, and other income..............income................ $ 383.2464.4 $ 421.2512.1 $ 422.6533.9 $ 438.2558.2
Net investment income and realized gains.......... 78.5 71.2 70.4 76.7gains (losses)... 83.0 77.0 65.6 78.7
Total revenues.................................... 461.8 492.6 493.2 515.1revenues...................................... 547.5 589.2 599.5 637.0
Benefits, claims, and expenses.................... 367.2 371.8 392.1 404.8expenses...................... 426.9 459.9 479.9 502.6
Net income........................................income.......................................... $ 65.283.9 $ 88.391.5 $ 69.182.4 $ 75.4
============== ============== ============== ==============88.9
============= ============= ============= ============
Net income per share: Basic....................Basic..................... $ .49.71 $ .67.77 $ .51.69 $ .54
Diluted...................75
Diluted................... $ .46.70 $ .62.76 $ .49.69 $ .53
============== ============== ============== ==============.74
============= ============= ============= ============
Average common and equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic........................................... 130,513,487 130,383,032 134,509,503 138,718,711
============== ============== ============== ==============
Diluted......................................... 142,266,700 141,494,007 141,999,192 141,080,148
============== ============== ============== ==============Basic............................................ 118,536,809 118,783,068 118,928,107 118,972,130
============= ============= ============= ============
Diluted.......................................... 120,150,401 120,354,542 120,260,624 120,265,463
============= ============= ============= ============
Note 6-Information About Segments of Business - The Corporation's business
segments are organized as the General Insurance (property and liability
insurance), Mortgage Guaranty, Title Insurance and Life Insurance Groups. The
contributions of Old Republic's insurance industry segments to consolidated
revenues and operating results, and certain balance sheet data pertaining
thereto are shown in the following tables on the basis of generally accepted
accounting principles ("GAAP").tables. Each of the Corporation's segments
underwrites and services only those insurance coverages which may be written by
it pursuant to state insurance regulations and corporate charter provisions.
The Corporation does not derive over 10% of its revenueconsolidated revenues from
any one customer. Revenues and assets connected with foreign operations are not
significant in relation to consolidated totals.
The General Insurance Group provides property and liability insurance
primarily to commercial clients and is the major contributor to consolidated operating
income.clients. Old Republic does not have a meaningful
participation in personal lines of insurance. Commercial automobile (principally
trucking) insurance is the largest type of coverage underwritten by the General
Insurance Group, accounting for 48.3%approximately 35.2% of the Group's direct
premiums written in 1998.2002. The remaining premiums written by the General
Insurance Group are derived largely from a wide variety of coverages, including
workers' compensation, and general liability, insurance,
loan credit guaranty insurance,indemnity, and surety
bonds. The General Insurance Group's operations have been expanded over the
years to insure certain specialty lines such as directors'directors and officers'officers liability
and errors and omissions liability insurance, to cover owners and operators of
private aircraft for hull and liability exposures, and to insure grain elevatorsprovide automobile and
liquid petroleum gas
operations.
Real estatehome warranties.
46
Private mortgage loan insurance produced by the Mortgage Guaranty Group protects
lending institutions against certainmortgage lenders and investors from default related losses generallyon residential
mortgage loans made primarily to the extenthomebuyers who make down payments of 10% to 35%less than
20% of the sum of the outstanding amount of each insured mortgage loan,
and allowable costs incurred in the event of default by the borrower.home's purchase price. The Corporation insures only first mortgage
loans, primarily on residential properties having one-to-four family dwelling
units. Mortgage guaranty insurance
premiums originate from savings and loan associations, mortgage bankers and
other lending institutions. The Corporation's residential real estate loan
insurance business is originated, approximately 16% by savings and loan
associations, 69% by mortgage bankers and 15% by other lenders. The Corporation's mortgage guaranty insurance business originates from mortgage
bankers (54.2%), commercial banks (16.2%), savings institutions (14.3%) and
other mortgage originators (15.3%). The Mortgage Guaranty segment's ten largest
customers were responsible for approximately 38.2%, 40.6% and 45.1% of direct
new insurance written in force at December 31, 1998, was
originally produced by approximately 4,100 different lending institutions2002, 2001 and about 2,200 such institutions originated business2000, respectively. The largest single
customer accounted for 11.2% of direct new insurance written in 1998.2002 compared to
8.8% and 12.6% in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
The title insurance business consists primarily of the issuance of policies
to real estate purchasers and investors based upon searches of the public
records which contain information concerning interests in real property. The
policy insures against losses arising out of defects, loans and encumbrances
affecting the insured title and not excluded or excepted from the coverage of
the policy.
The Life Insurance Group markets and writes consumer credit life and
disability insurance primarily through automobile dealers. Old RepublicIt has also written
various conventional life and disability/accident and health insurance coverages
for many years, principally on a direct marketing basis through banks, brokers, and other financial services
institutions. Old Republic also sells ordinaryOrdinary term life insurance is sold through independent agents
and brokers for relatively large face amounts, in both the United States and
Canada.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same asparallel those described in the
summary of significant accounting policies.
50
policies pertinent thereto.
Segment Reporting
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- --------------- ---------------
General Insurance Group:
Net premiums earned........................................earned................................. $ 902.51,184.1 $ 906.31,000.2 $ 867.6857.8
Net investment income and other income(a).................. 208.7 213.2 207.3
------------- -------------........... 192.5 194.7 199.3
-------------- Total...................................................--------------- ---------------
Total............................................. $ 1,111.31,376.7 $ 1,119.51,195.0 $ 1,074.9
============= =============1,057.1
============== =============== ===============
Income before taxes........................................taxes................................. $ 192.0182.1 $ 208.3141.4 $ 188.8
============= =============116.9
============== =============== ===============
Income tax expense.........................................expense (b).............................. $ 60.238.0 $ 60.734.7 $ 55.1
============= =============27.1
============== =============== ===============
Segment assets - at year end...............................end........................ $ 5,160.25,876.5 $ 5,300.65,451.9 $ 5,350.5
============= =============5,111.4
============== =============== ===============
Mortgage Guaranty Group:
Net premiums earned........................................earned................................. $ 290.7376.2 $ 271.0353.1 $ 226.5331.4
Net investment income and other income(a).................. 57.5 42.3 36.0
------------- -------------........... 90.8 82.8 63.9
-------------- Total...................................................--------------- ---------------
Total............................................. $ 348.3467.1 $ 313.3436.0 $ 262.6
============= =============395.3
============== =============== ===============
Income before taxes........................................taxes................................. $ 155.3267.7 $ 141.5261.9 $ 120.2
============= =============240.1
============== =============== ===============
Income tax expense.........................................expense.................................. $ 52.690.6 $ 47.688.4 $ 41.4
============= =============80.8
============== =============== ===============
Segment assets - at year end...............................end........................ $ 1,092.21,921.2 $ 922.91,731.6 $ 760.5
============= =============1,483.3
============== =============== ===============
Title Insurance Group:
Net premiums earned........................................earned................................. $ 315.8524.8 $ 238.6382.7 $ 220.2307.6
Title, escrow and other fees ............................. 242.4 163.3 147.2
------------- -------------fees........................ 288.5 242.6 186.4
-------------- Sub-total............................................... 558.2 402.0 367.4--------------- ---------------
Sub-total......................................... 813.4 625.3 494.0
Net investment income and other income(a).................. 20.6 21.4 20.4
------------- -------------........... 23.1 23.5 24.6
-------------- Total...................................................--------------- ---------------
Total............................................. $ 578.8836.5 $ 423.4648.9 $ 387.9
============= =============518.7
============== =============== ===============
Income before taxes........................................taxes................................. $ 64.697.8 $ 36.574.6 $ 24.6
============= =============40.3
============== =============== ===============
Income tax expense.........................................expense.................................. $ 21.932.9 $ 12.426.9 $ 8.1
============= =============13.5
============== =============== ===============
Segment assets - at year end...............................end........................ $ 460.9619.9 $ 419.4536.0 $ 408.2
============= =============491.2
============== =============== ===============
Life Insurance Group:
Net premiums earned........................................earned................................. $ 59.050.1 $ 48.650.6 $ 46.053.4
Net investment income and other income(a)(c)............... 13.7 26.8 14.5
------------- -------------........... 6.9 7.7 8.6
-------------- Total...................................................--------------- ---------------
Total............................................. $ 72.757.0 $ 75.458.4 $ 60.5
============= =============62.0
============== =============== ===============
Income before taxes........................................taxes................................. $ 6.66.4 $ 19.94.9 $ 7.0
============= =============5.3
============== =============== ===============
Income tax expense (credits)...............................expense.................................. $ (6.6)2.5 $ 1.11.8 $ 2.6
============= =============1.2
============== =============== ===============
Segment assets - at year end(d)............................end........................ $ 329.5233.3 $ 309.4236.3 $ 310.3
============= =============244.5
============== =============== ===============
5147
Reconciliations of Segments to Consolidated
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
-------------- -------------- --------------
Revenues:
Total revenues for reportable segments.....................segments................. $ 2,111.32,737.4 $ 1,931.82,338.5 $ 1,786.1
Net realized2,033.3
Realized investment gains.............................. 53.0 26.3 15.113.9 29.7 33.6
Other revenues............................................. 11.7 15.4 15.8revenues......................................... 8.9 15.0 18.3
Elimination of intersegment revenues(b).................... (4.3) (10.8) (13.2)
------------- -------------revenues(c)................ (3.9) (9.8) (14.7)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total consolidated revenues.............................revenues......................... $ 2,171.72,756.4 $ 1,962.82,373.4 $ 1,803.9
============= =============2,070.6
============== ============== ==============
Income before taxes:
Total income before taxes of reportable segments...........segments....... $ 418.7554.1 $ 406.4483.0 $ 340.8
Net realized402.7
Realized investment gains.............................. 53.0 26.3 15.113.9 29.7 33.6
Other sources - net........................................ (4.0) (4.4) (11.7)
Elimination of intersegment profits(b)..................... (.8) (1.6) (1.7)
------------- -------------net.................................... (7.1) (8.8) (10.0)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Income before income taxes and
extraordinary items.....................................taxes............................. $ 466.7560.9 $ 426.7503.9 $ 342.4
============= =============426.4
============== ============== ==============
Assets
Total assets for reportable segments.......................segments................... $ 7,043.18,651.1 $ 6,952.57,956.0 $ 6,829.67,330.6
Other assets............................................... 114.1 138.2 50.6assets........................................... 164.7 64.9 61.8
Elimination of intersegment investment(b).................. (137.5) (167.3) (224.1)
------------- -------------investment(c).............. (100.4) (100.7) (111.0)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Consolidated total......................................total.................................. $ 7,019.78,715.4 $ 6,923.47,920.2 $ 6,656.2
============= =============7,281.4
============== ============== ==============
- -------------------
In the above tables, net premiums earned on a GAAP basis differ slightly from
statutory amounts due to certain differences in calculations of unearned premium
reserves under each accounting method.
(a) Including unallocated investment income derived from invested capital and
surplus funds./(b) General Insurance tax expense was reduced by $10.9 in 2002 due to the final
resolution of tax issues dating back to the Corporation's 1987 tax return.
(c) Represents results of holding company parent, three minor subsidiaries,
consolidation eliminating adjustments, and general corporate expenses, as
applicable./(c) 1997 includes $12.6 of interest income
from settlement of prior years' tax issues./(d) The Company has entered into an
agreement to sell its small annuity book of business; this will have no material
effect on Old Republic's consolidated results or financial position. (see Note
1(f))
52
48
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Old Republic International Corporation
Chicago, Illinois
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, preferred stock and
common shareholders' equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of Old Republic International Corporation and
its subsidiaries at December 31, 19982002 and 1997,2001, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1998,2002, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
accounting principles.in the United States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted auditing standardsin the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 10, 1999
5314, 2003
49
Item 9-Disagreements on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
PART III
Item 10-Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction G(3). The Company will file with
the Commission prior to April 1, 19992003 a definitive proxy statement pursuant to
Regulation 14A in connection with its Annual Meeting of shareholders to be held
on May 21, 1999. See also Item 4(a) in Part I of this report.23, 2003. A list of Directors appears on the "Signature" page of this
report.
Item 11-Executive Compensation
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction G(3). The Company will file with
the Commission prior to April 1, 19992003 a definitive proxy statement pursuant to
Regulation 14A in connection with its Annual Meeting of shareholders to be held
on May 21, 1999.23, 2003.
Item 12-Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and
Related Stockholder Matters
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction G(3). The Company will file with
the Commission prior to April 1, 19992003 a definitive proxy statement pursuant to
Regulation 14A in connection with its Annual Meeting of shareholders to be held
on May 21, 1999.23, 2003.
Item 13-Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction G(3). The Company will file with
the Commission prior to April 1, 19992003 a definitive proxy statement pursuant to
Regulation 14A in connection with its Annual Meeting of shareholders to be held
on May 21, 1999.
PART IV23, 2003.
Item 14-Exhibits,14-Controls and Procedures
The Company's Principal Executive Officer and its Principal Financial
Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are
effective, based on their evaluation of these controls and procedures as of a
date within 90 days of the filing date of this report. No significant changes or
corrective actions were made to these controls and procedures following their
evaluation.
Item 15-Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) Documents filed as a part of this report:
1. Financial statements: See Item 8, Index to Financial Statements.
2. Financial statement schedules will be filed on or before April 30, 19992003
under cover of Form 10-K/A.
3. See exhibit index on page 5755 of this report.
(b)Reports on Form 8-K:
1. No reportsOn November 12, 2002, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K
were filed duringto include the fourth quarterPrincipal Executive Officer's Signed Certification of
1998.
54Periodic Report and the Principal Financial Officer's Signed
Certification of Periodic Report pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
50
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized (Name, Title or Principal
Capacity, and Date).
(Registrant): Old Republic International Corporation
By : /s/ A. C. Zucaro ---------------------------------------- -------------------3/25/03
-------------------------------------------------------------
A. C. Zucaro, Chairman of the Board, Date
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
By : /s/ Paul D.John S. Adams ---------------------------------------- -------------------
Paul D.3/25/03
--------------------------------------------------------------
John S. Adams, Senior Vice President Date
and Chief Financial Officer
51
PART III
Item 14. Control and Treasurer
55Procedures
Furnish the information required by Item 107 of Regulation S-K.
/s/ A.C. Zucaro
- -----------------------------
Aldo C. Zucaro
CERTIFICATION
I, Aldo C. Zucaro, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Old Republic International
Corporation (the "registrant");
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the
period in which this annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and
procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual
report ("Evaluation Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of
the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the
Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our
most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of
registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls
which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other
employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls
or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent
to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with
regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Date: March 20, 2003
52
PART III
Item 14. Control and Procedures
Furnish the information required by Item 107 of Regulation S-K.
/s/ John S. Adams
- -----------------------------
John S. Adams
CERTIFICATION
I, John S. Adams, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Old Republic International
Corporation (the "registrant");
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the
registrant as, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the
period in which this annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and
procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual
report ("Evaluation Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of
the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the
Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our
most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of
registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls
which could adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant's
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other
employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls
or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent
to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with
regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Date: March 20, 2003
53
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated (Name, Title or
Principal Capacity, and Date).
/s/ HarritngtonHarrington Bischof /s/ John W. Popp
- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Harrington Bischof, Director* John W. Popp, Director*
/s/ Anthony F. Colao /s/ William A. Simpson
- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Anthony F. Colao, Director* William A. Simpson, Director*
Senior Vice President
President of Republic Mortgage
Insurance Company
/s/ Jimmy A. Dew /s/ Arnold L. Steiner
- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Jimmy A. Dew, Director* Arnold L. Steiner, Director*
Sales Group Manager of Republic
Mortgage Insurance Company
/s/ Kurt W. Kreyling /s/ David Sursa
- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Kurt W. Kreyling, Director* David Sursa, Director*
/s/ Peter Lardner /s/ William F.G. White, Jr.
- -------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Peter Lardner, Director* William G. White, Jr., Director*
Chief Executive Officer of
Bituminous Casualty Corporation
/s/ Wilbur S. Legg
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
Wilbur S. Legg, Director*
* By/S/By /s/A. C. Zucaro
Attorney-in-fact
Date: March 11, 1999
5620, 2003
54
EXHIBIT INDEX
An index of exhibits required by item 601 of Regulation S-K follows:
(3) Articles of incorporation and by-laws.
(A) * Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended.Incorporation. (Exhibit 3(A) to Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2001).
(B) * By-laws, as amended. Exhibit(Exhibit 3.2 to Form S-3 Registration Statement
No. 333-43311).
(4) Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures.
(A) * Certificate of Designation with respect to Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock (Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed May
30, 1997).
(B) * Certificate of Designation with respect to Series G-2 Convertible
Preferred Stock (Exhibit 4(A) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K for 1995).
(C) * Certificate of Designation with respect to Series G-3 Convertible
Preferred Stock. (Exhibit 4(C) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K for 2001).
(D) * Amended and Restated Rights Agreement dated as of May 15, 1997
between Old Republic International Corporation and First Chicago
Trust Company of New York (Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Form 8-K
filed May 30, 1997).
(D)(E) * Agreement to furnish certain long term debt instruments to the
Securities & Exchange Commission upon request (Exhibit 4(D) on
Form 8 dated August 28, 1987).
(E)(F) * Form of Indenture dated as of August 15, 1992 between Old Republic
International Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee
(Exhibit 4(G) to Registrant's Annual Reporteport on Form 10-K for 1993.)
(F)1993).
(G) * Supplemental Indenture No.1No. 1 dated as of June 16, 1997 supplementing
the Indenture (Exhibit 4.3 to Registrant's Form 8-A filed June 16,
1997).
(G)(H) * Supplemental Indenture No. 2 dated as of December 31, 1997
supplementing the Indenture. (Exhibit 4(G) to Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for 1997).
(10) Material contracts.
** (A) Copy of the Amended and Restated Old Republic International Corporation Key
Employees Performance Recognition Plan.
** (B) * 1985 Old Republic International Corporation Non-qualified Stock
Option Plan A (Exhibit 10.1 to Form S-3 Registration Statement
No. 2-98166).
** (C) * Amendments to 1985 Old Republic International Corporation Non-
qualified Stock Option Plan A (Exhibit 10(G) to Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1991).
** (D) * Amended and Restated 1992 Old Republic International Corporation
Non -qualifiedNon-qualified Stock Option Plan.
(Exhibit 10(D) to Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1997)
** (E)(C) Amended and Restated 2002 Old Republic International Corporation
Non-qualified Stock Option Plan.
** (D) * Amended and Restated Old Republic International Corporation
Executives Excess Benefits Pension Plan. (Exhibit 10(E) to
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1997).
** (F)(E) * Form of Indemnity Agreement between Old Republic International
Corporation and each of its directors and certain officers (Exhibit
10 to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 33-16836).
** (G)(F) * Copy of directorsDirectors and officers liability and company reimbursement policy
dated October 6, 1970 (Exhibit 12(A) to Form S-1 Registration
Statement No. 2-41089).
** (H)(G) * Copy of Bitco Key Employees Performance Recognition Plan. (Exhibit 10(H) to
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K 1997)
57
(Exhibit Index, Continued).
** (I)(H) * Copy of a written description of the RMIC Corporation/Republic Mortgage Insurance Company Amended and
Restated Key EmployeeEmployees Performance Recognition PlanPlan. (Exhibit 10(Q)10(I)
to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1991.)2000).
** (I) * RMIC Corporation/Republic Mortgage Insurance Company Executives
Excess Benefits Pension Plan. (Exhibit 10(J) to Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for 2000).
** (J) Amended and Restated Old Republic Risk Management Key Employee
Recognition Plan.
55
(Exhibit Index, Continued)
(21) Subsidiaries of the registrant.
(23) Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPLLP.
(24) Powers of attorneyattorney.
(28) Consolidated Schedule P (To be filed by amendment.)amendment).
(99.1) Principal Executive Officer's Signed Certification of Periodic Report
(99.2) Principal Financial Officer's Signed Certification of Periodic Report
- ------------------------------------------
* Exhibit incorporated herein by reference.
** Denotes a management or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be
filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
5856