UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
| | | | | |
| ☒ | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20212023 |
or
| | | | | |
| ☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from __________ -to- __________ |
Commission File Number: 1-6314
Tutor Perini Corporation
| | | | | | | | |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
| Massachusetts | | 04-1717070 |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 15901 Olden Street, Sylmar, California | | 91342 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
| (818) 362-8391 |
| (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | | | | | | | |
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, $1.00 par value | TPC | The New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes☒Yes ☐ No ☐☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| | | | | | | | |
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer ☒ | Non-accelerated filer o |
| Smaller reporting company ☐ | Emerging growth company ☐ | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $573,656,973$262,626,779 as of June 30, 2021,2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
The number of shares of Common Stock, $1.00 par value per share, outstanding at February 17, 202222, 2024 was 51,095,706.52,025,497.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
The information required by Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference to the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in 2022,2024, which definitive proxy statement shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual Report on Form 10-K relates.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION
20212023 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I.
Forward-Looking Statements
The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including without limitation, statements regarding our management’s expectations, anticipations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future and statements regarding future guidance or estimates and non-historical performance. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Our expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith, and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These material risks and uncertainties are listed and discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors, below. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Tutor Perini Corporation (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “Tutor Perini,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise) is a leading construction company based on revenue as ranked by Engineering News-Record (“ENR”),offering diversified general contracting, construction management and design-build services to private customers and public agencies throughout the world. The Company was formed as a result ofthrough the 2008 merger between Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Perini Corporation (“Perini”) and our legacy dates back to 1894, when Perini's predecessor businesses began providing construction services. Our corporate headquarters are in Los Angeles (Sylmar), California, and we have various other principal offices throughout the United States and its territories (see Item 2. Properties for a listing of our major facilities). Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TPC.” We are incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
We have established a strong reputation within our markets for executing large, complex projects on time and within budget while adhering to strict quality control measures. We offer general contracting, pre-construction planning and comprehensive project management services, including the planning and scheduling of the manpower, equipment, materials and subcontractors required for a project. We also offer self-performed construction services including site work; concrete forming and placement; steel erection; electrical; mechanical; plumbing; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); and fire protection. During 2021,2023, we performed work on more than 1,600approximately 1,500 construction projects.
In 2021, ENR ranked Tutor Perini as the seventh largest domestic contractor. We are recognized as one of the leading civil contractors in the United States, as evidenced by our performance on several of the country’s largest mass-transit and transportation projects, such as Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal OneA (“Newark Airport Terminal One”A”), various components of the East Side Access project in New York City, the Minneapolis Southwest Light Rail project (also known as the METRO Green Line Extension), the California High-Speed Rail System, the Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement (the “SR 99”) project in Seattle, major portions of the Red Line and Purple Line subway segments of the Los Angeles Metro subway system, and the San Francisco Central Subway extension to Chinatown. We are also recognized as one of the major building contractors in the United States, as evidenced by our performance on several of the country’s largest building development projects, including Hudson Yards in New York City, andthe CityCenter complex and the Cosmopolitan Resort and Casino, both in Las Vegas.Vegas, and several major corporate office buildings in northern California for prominent technology companies.
Our strengths and expertise in the construction of civil and building infrastructure projects have been augmented by our vertical integration capabilities, which we established more than 10 yearsa decade ago through the acquisitions of various business entities specializing in electrical, mechanical, plumbing, HVAC and other services that enhanced our market capabilities and expanded our geographic presence. Our vertical integration is a competitive advantage that allows us to self-perform a greater amount of work than our competitors. It also increases our competitiveness in bidding and our efficiency in managing and executing large, complex projects, and provides us with significant cross-selling opportunities across a broad geographic footprint.
Business Segment Overview
Our business is conducted through three segments: Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors.
Civil Segment
Our Civil segment specializes in public works construction and the replacement and reconstruction of infrastructure across several major geographic regions of the United States. Our civil contracting services include construction and rehabilitation of highways, bridges, tunnels, mass-transit systems, military defense facilities, and water management and wastewater treatment facilities.
The Civil segment is comprisedcomposed of the heavy civil construction operations of our predecessors, Tutor-Saliba Corporation, its subsidiary Black Construction, and Perini, as well as our acquired companies, Frontier-Kemper Constructors (“Frontier-Kemper”), Lunda Construction and Becho. Our heavy civil units operate primarily on the West and East Coasts of the United States and are engaged in a variety of large mass-transit, tunneling, bridge and highway projects. Black Construction is the largest contractor in Guam and provides a variety of heavy civil, building, mechanical and electrical construction services throughout the Western PacificAsia-Pacific region and in other strategic military locations. Frontier-Kemper is a heavy civil contractor engaged in the construction of tunnels for highways, railroads, subways and rapid transit systems; the construction of shafts and other facilities for water supply, wastewater transport and hydroelectric projects; and the development and equipping of mines with innovative hoisting, elevator and vertical conveyance systems. Lunda Construction is a heavy civil contractor specializing in the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of bridges, railroads and other civil structures throughout the United States. Becho is engaged in drilling, foundation and excavation support for shoring, bridges, piers, roads and highway projects, primarily in the southwestern United States.
In its 2021 rankings, ENR ranked us as the nation’s largest contractor in the transportation market and third largest domestic heavy contractor.
Our Civil segment’s customers primarily award contracts through one of two methods: the traditional public “competitive bid” method, in which price is the major determining factor, or through a best value proposal, where contracts are awarded based on a combination of technical qualifications, proposed project team, schedule, past performance on similar projects and price.
Traditionally, our Civil segment’s customers require each contractor to pre-qualify for construction business by meeting criteria that include technical capabilities and financial strength. Our financial strength, outstanding record of performance on challenging civil works projects, and vertical integration capabilities often enable us to pre-qualify for projects in situations where smaller, less diversified contractors are unable to meet the qualification requirements. We believe this is a competitive advantage that allows us to self-perform a greater amount of work and makes us an ideal lead contractor for the largest, most complex infrastructure projects and on prestigious design-build, design-build-operate-maintain and public-private partnership projects.
We have been active in civil construction since 1894 and believe we have a particular expertise in large, complex civil construction projects. We have completed, or are currently working on or have completed some of the most significant civil construction projects in the United States. For example, we are currently workingcontinuing to work on Newark Airport Terminal One, the East Side Access project in New York City, the first phase of the California High-Speed Rail project, the Purple Line Segments 2 and 3 subway expansion projects in Los Angeles and the Minneapolis Southwest Light Rail project. In addition, we have completed other major projects, including various components of the East Side Access project in New York City; the Newark Airport Terminal A project; the San Francisco Central Subway extension to Chinatown and the Minneapolis Southwest Light Rail Transit project. We have also completed major projects such asChinatown; the SR 99 project in Seattle; the platform over the eastern rail yard at Hudson Yards in New York City; the rehabilitation of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York; and multiple runway reconstruction projects at the John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, Los Angeles International Airport and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, among others.Airport.
We believe the Civil segment provides us with significant opportunities for growth due to the condition of existing infrastructure coupled with large government funding sources dedicated to the replacement and reconstruction of aging U.S. infrastructure. In addition, infrastructure programs generally garner popular, bipartisan support from the public and elected officials due to their favorable long-term economic impacts,benefits, including significant job creation. Funding for major Civil segment infrastructure projects is typically provided through a combination of one or more of the following: local, regional, state and federal loans and grants; other direct allocations sourced through tax revenue; bonds; user fees; and, for certain projects, private capital.
OnIn November 15, 2021, the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (the “IIJA”“Bipartisan Infrastructure Law” or “BIL”) was enacted into law. The IIJA provides forlaw, providing $1.2 trillion of federal infrastructure funding, including $550 billion in new spending for improvements to the country’s surface-transportation network and enhancements to core infrastructure. The IIJA marksBIL initiated the largest federal
investment in public transit ever, the single largest dedicated bridge investment since the construction of the interstate highway system and the largest federal investment in passenger rail since the creation of Amtrak, all in addition to providing for regular annual spending for numerous infrastructure projects. This significant incremental funding has been and continues to be allocated to numerous major projects and is anticipated to be spent over the nextapproximately 10 years andfrom the BIL’s
passage, with much of it will be invested intargeted toward end markets that are directly aligned with our market focus. Accordingly, we believe that this significant level of sustained, incremental funding has and will continue to favorably impact our current work and prospective opportunities over the next decade.
Building Segment
Our Building segment has significant experience providing services to a number ofseveral specialized building markets for private and public works customers, including hospitality and gaming, transportation, health care, commercial offices, government facilities, sports and entertainment, education, correctional and detention facilities, biotech, pharmaceutical, industrial and technology. We believe the success of the Building segment results from our proven ability to manage and perform large, complex projects with aggressive fast-track schedules, elaborate designs, and advanced mechanical, electrical and life safety systems, while providing accurate budgeting and strict quality control. Although price is a key competitive factor, we believe our strong reputation, long-standing customer relationships and significant level of repeat and referral business have enabled us to achieve a leading position in the marketplace.
In its 2021 rankings, ENR ranked us as the 17th largest domestic building contractor. We are a recognized leader in the hospitality and gaming market, specializing in the construction of high-end resorts and casinos. We work with hotel operators, Native American tribal councils, developers and architectural firms to provide diversified construction services to meet the challenges of new construction and renovation of hotel and resort properties. We believe that our reputation for completing projects on time is a significant competitive advantage in this market, as any delay in project completion could result in significant loss of revenue for the customer.
The Building segment is comprisedcomposed of several operating units that provide general contracting, design-build, preconstruction and construction services in various regions of the United States. Rudolph and Sletten, one of our general contracting firms, focuses on large, complex projects in California in the health care, commercial office, technology, industrial, education, and government facilities markets. Tutor Perini Building Corp. focuses on large, complex building projects nationwide, including significant projects in the hospitality and gaming, commercial office, education, government facilities, and multi-unit residential markets. Roy Anderson Corp. provides general contracting services, including major disaster response and reconstruction support, to public and private customers primarily throughout the southeastern United States. Perini Management Services provides diversified construction and design-build services internationally to U.S. government agencies, as well as to surety companies and multi-national corporations.
We have completed, or are currently working on or have completed various large private and public building projects across a wide array of end markets. Specific projects include the Brooklyn Jail project in New York City; Newark Airport Terminal One;A; the LAX Airport Metro Connector Transit Station in Los Angeles, California; three large corporate office buildings in northern California for distinct confidentialprominent technology customers;companies; a commercial office tower and a multi-unit residential tower, both at Hudson Yards in New York City; the El CaminoCedars-Sinai Replacement Hospital Integrated Medical Office Building in El Camino,Marina Del Rey, California; various Kaiser HospitalPermanente hospital buildings in San Leandro, Redwood City and Roseville,throughout California; the Choctaw Casino and Resort in Durant, Oklahoma; the Pechanga Resort and Casino expansion in Temecula, California; the O Street Government Office Building in Sacramento, California; and courthouses in San Bernardino and San Diego, California and Broward County, Florida. As a result of our reputation and track record, we were previously awarded and completed contracts for several marquee hospitality and gaming projects in Las Vegas, including the CityCenter complex, the Cosmopolitan Resort and Casino and the Wynn Encore Hotel. These projects span a wide array of building end markets and illustrate our Building segment’s résumé of successfully completed large-scale public and private projects.
Specialty Contractors Segment
Our Specialty Contractors segment specializes in electrical, mechanical, plumbing, HVAC and fire protection systems for a full range of civil and building construction projects in the industrial, commercial, hospitality and gaming, and mass-transit end markets. This segment provides unique strengths and vertically integrated service capabilities that position us as a full-service contractor with greater control over project bids and costs, scheduled work, project delivery and risk management. The majority of work performed by the Specialty Contractors segment is contracted directly with state and local municipal agencies, real estate developers, school districts and other commercial and industrial customers. A significant portion of the segment's work has been, and is expected to continue to be, performed for our Civil and Building segments.
The Specialty Contractors segment is comprisedcomposed of several operating units that provide unique services in various regions of the United States. Five Star Electric Corp. (“Five Star”) is an industry leader and one of the largest electrical contractors in New York City. Five Star provides construction services, including power, lighting, fire alarm, security, telecommunications, low
voltage and wireless systems to both the public and private sectors. These services are provided across end markets that include multi-unit residential, hotels, commercial offices, industrial, mass transit, education, retail, sports and entertainment, health care and water treatment. Fisk Electric (“Fisk”) covers many of the major commercial, transportation and industrial electrical construction markets in California and the southern United States, with the ability to cover other attractive markets nationwide.
Fisk’s expertise is in the design and development of electrical and technology systems for major projects spanning a broad variety of project types, including commercial office buildings, sports arenas, hospitals, research laboratories, hotels and casinos, convention centers, manufacturing plants, refineries, and water and wastewater treatment facilities. WDF, Nagelbush and Desert Mechanical each provide mechanical, plumbing, HVAC and fire protection services to a range of customers in a wide variety of markets, including transportation, commercial/industrial, schools and universities and residential. WDF is one of the largest mechanical contractors serving the New York City metropolitan region. Nagelbush operates primarily in Florida and Desert Mechanical operates primarily in the western United States.
Our Specialty Contractors business units have completed, or are currently working on or have completed various portionscomponents of the East Side Access project in New York City, upgrades and rehabilitations at various New York City public housing facilities, and various projects at the World Trade Center and at Hudson Yards in New York City, and upgrades and rehabilitations at various New York City public housing facilities.City. The Specialty Contractors segment hasis also supported, or is currently supporting or has supported several large projects in our Civil and Building segments, including the Purple Line Segments 2 and 3 subway expansion projects in Los Angeles; Newark Airport Terminal A; the California High Speed Rail project in central California; the SR 99 project in Seattle; the San Francisco Central Subway extension to Chinatown; the Purple Line Segments 2 and 3 expansion projects in Los Angeles; Newark Airport Terminal One; the California High Speed Rail project in central California; McCarran International Airport Terminal 3 in Las Vegas; and several marquee hospitality and gaming projects in Las Vegas, including the CityCenter complex, the Cosmopolitan Resort and Casino, and the Wynn Encore Hotel.
For information regarding the breakdown of our revenue by segment, end market, customer type and contract type, see Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, financial information about geographic areas is discussed in Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Backlog
Backlog in our industry is a measure of the total value of work that is remaining to be performed on projects that have been awarded. We include a construction project in our backlog when a contract is awarded or when we have otherwise received written definitive notice that the project has been awarded to us and there are no remaining major uncertainties that the project will proceed (e.g., adequate funding is in place). As a result, we believe our backlog is firm, and although cancellations or scope adjustments may occur, historically they have not been material. We estimate that approximately $4 billion, or 46%approximately 40%, of our backlog as of December 31, 20212023 will be recognized as revenue in 2022.2024. Our backlog by segment, end market, customer type and contract type is presented in the following tables:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Backlog by business segment: | Backlog by business segment: | | | |
| Civil | |
| Civil | |
| Civil | Civil | $ | 4,553,539 | | | 55 | % | | $ | 4,783,564 | | | 57 | % | $ | 4,240,684 | | | 42 | | 42 | % | | $ | 4,416,340 | | | 56 | | 56 | % |
| Building | Building | 2,308,930 | | | 28 | % | | 1,702,305 | | | 20 | % | Building | 4,177,452 | | | 41 | | 41 | % | | 2,223,601 | | | 28 | | 28 | % |
| Specialty Contractors | Specialty Contractors | 1,373,167 | | | 17 | % | | 1,859,848 | | | 23 | % | Specialty Contractors | 1,740,311 | | | 17 | | 17 | % | | 1,289,172 | | | 16 | | 16 | % |
| Total backlog | Total backlog | $ | 8,235,636 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 8,345,717 | | | 100 | % | Total backlog | $ | 10,158,447 | | | 100 | | 100 | % | | $ | 7,929,113 | | | 100 | | 100 | % |
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Civil segment backlog by end market: | Civil segment backlog by end market: | | | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 3,256,556 | | | 71 | % | | $ | 3,885,275 | | | 81 | % |
| Military defense facilities | 627,407 | | | 14 | % | | 318,389 | | | 7 | % |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | | $ | 2,744,006 | | | 64 | % | | $ | 2,891,711 | | | 65 | % |
| Military facilities | | Military facilities | 793,477 | | | 19 | % | | 778,318 | | | 18 | % |
| Bridges | Bridges | 448,416 | | | 10 | % | | 244,385 | | | 5 | % | Bridges | 282,467 | | | 7 | | 7 | % | | 298,203 | | | 7 | | 7 | % |
| Water | 119,707 | | | 3 | % | | 130,274 | | | 3 | % |
| Power and energy | | Power and energy | 199,639 | | | 5 | % | | 233,768 | | | 5 | % |
| Commercial and industrial sites | | Commercial and industrial sites | 182,703 | | | 4 | % | | 149,316 | | | 3 | % |
| | Other | |
| Other | |
| Other | Other | 101,453 | | | 2 | % | | 205,241 | | | 4 | % | 38,392 | | | 1 | | 1 | % | | 65,024 | | | 2 | | 2 | % |
| Total Civil segment backlog | Total Civil segment backlog | $ | 4,553,539 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 4,783,564 | | | 100 | % | Total Civil segment backlog | $ | 4,240,684 | | | 100 | | 100 | % | | $ | 4,416,340 | | | 100 | | 100 | % |
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Building segment backlog by end market: | Building segment backlog by end market: | | | |
| Municipal and government | $ | 824,173 | | | 36 | % | | $ | 556,726 | | | 33 | % |
| Government | |
| Government | |
| Government | | $ | 2,819,078 | | | 67 | % | | $ | 755,095 | | | 34 | % |
| Health care facilities | Health care facilities | 575,006 | | | 25 | % | | 49,655 | | | 3 | % | Health care facilities | 785,657 | | | 19 | | 19 | % | | 565,899 | | | 25 | | 25 | % |
| Education facilities | | Education facilities | 344,962 | | | 8 | % | | 389,978 | | | 18 | % |
| Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | 476,454 | | | 21 | % | | 144,019 | | | 8 | % | Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | 153,665 | | | 4 | | 4 | % | | 299,837 | | | 13 | | 13 | % |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | 164,878 | | | 7 | % | | 350,012 | | | 21 | % |
| Education facilities | 140,822 | | | 6 | % | | 165,766 | | | 10 | % |
| Hospitality and gaming | 94,732 | | | 4 | % | | 333,315 | | | 20 | % |
| Other | Other | 32,865 | | | 1 | % | | 102,812 | | | 5 | % | Other | 74,090 | | | 2 | | 2 | % | | 212,792 | | | 10 | | 10 | % |
| Total Building segment backlog | Total Building segment backlog | $ | 2,308,930 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,702,305 | | | 100 | % | Total Building segment backlog | $ | 4,177,452 | | | 100 | | 100 | % | | $ | 2,223,601 | | | 100 | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Specialty Contractors segment backlog by end market: | | | | | | | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 730,480 | | | 53 | % | | $ | 1,058,479 | | | 57 | % |
| Water | 164,653 | | | 12 | % | | 214,717 | | | 12 | % |
| Municipal and government | 158,614 | | | 12 | % | | 92,749 | | | 5 | % |
| Multi-unit residential | 137,824 | | | 10 | % | | 219,139 | | | 12 | % |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | 96,686 | | | 7 | % | | 122,687 | | | 7 | % |
| Other | 84,910 | | | 6 | % | | 152,077 | | | 7 | % |
| Total Specialty Contractors segment backlog | $ | 1,373,167 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,859,848 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 |
| Backlog by customer type: | | | |
| State and local agencies | 71 | % | | 72 | % |
| Private owners | 16 | % | | 20 | % |
| Federal agencies | 13 | % | | 8 | % |
| Total backlog | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Specialty Contractors segment backlog by end market: | | | | | | | |
| Government | $ | 783,653 | | | 45 | % | | $ | 154,868 | | | 12 | % |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | 626,826 | | | 36 | % | | 631,999 | | | 49 | % |
| Multi-unit residential | 90,843 | | | 5 | % | | 142,516 | | | 11 | % |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | 78,682 | | | 5 | % | | 121,305 | | | 9 | % |
| Water | 64,329 | | | 4 | % | | 122,169 | | | 9 | % |
| Health care facilities | 60,272 | | | 3 | % | | 62,133 | | | 5 | % |
| Other | 35,706 | | | 2 | % | | 54,182 | | | 5 | % |
| Total Specialty Contractors segment backlog | $ | 1,740,311 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 1,289,172 | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 |
| Backlog by contract type: | | | |
| Fixed price | 77 | % | | 76 | % |
| Guaranteed maximum price | 12 | % | | 11 | % |
| Unit price | 4 | % | | 4 | % |
| Cost plus fee and other | 7 | % | | 9 | % |
| Total backlog | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| Backlog by customer type: | | | |
| State and local agencies | 76 | % | | 65 | % |
| Private owners | 13 | % | | 20 | % |
| Federal agencies | 11 | % | | 15 | % |
| Total backlog | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| Backlog by contract type: | | | |
| Fixed price | 56 | % | | 74 | % |
| | | |
| Guaranteed maximum price | 36 | % | | 14 | % |
| Unit price | 4 | % | | 4 | % |
| Cost plus fee and other | 4 | % | | 8 | % |
| Total backlog | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
Fixed price contracts, particularly with federal, state and local government customers, are expected to continue to represent a sizeable percentage of total backlog.
Competition
While the construction markets include numerous competitors, especially for small to mid-sized projects, much of the work that we target is for larger, more complex projects where there are typically fewer active market participants due to the greater capabilities and resources required to perform the work. In addition to domestic competitors, we have seen certain foreign competitors attempting to grow their presence in the United States over the past several years, particularly through the pursuit of large Civil segment projects. Evolving changes in the construction industry, such as the trend toward an increased use of the progressive design-build project delivery method that may reduce project risks for both owners and contractors, could result in increased competition and potentially lower margins on certain projects in the future. We believe price, experience, reputation, responsiveness, customer relationships, project completion track record, schedule control, risk management and quality of work are key factors customers consider when awarding contracts.
In our Civil segment, we compete principally with large civil construction firms, including (alphabetically) Dragados USA; Ferrovial S.E.; Fluor Corporation; Granite Construction; Kiewit Corporation; OHL USA; Skanska USA; Traylor Bros., Inc.; and The Walsh Group. In our Building segment, we compete with a variety of national and regional contractors, including (alphabetically) AECOM (through its past acquisitions of Tishman Construction and Hunt Construction Group); Balfour Beatty Construction; Clark Construction Group; DPR Construction; Gilbane, Inc.; Hensel Phelps Construction Co.; Lendlease Corporation; McCarthy Building Companies, Inc.; M. A. Mortenson Company; PCL Constructors, Inc.; Skanska USA; Suffolk Construction; andSwinerton, Inc; Turner Construction Company.Company; and The Whiting-Turner Contracting Co. In our Specialty Contractors segment, we compete principally with various regional and local electrical, mechanical and plumbing subcontractors.
Construction Costs
We strive to eliminate or minimize exposure to labor and material price increases in our project bids and the manner in which we execute our work. Generally, if prices for materials, labor or equipment increase excessively, provisions in certain types of contracts often shift all or a major portion of any adverse impact to the customer. In our fixed price contracts, we attempt to insulate ourselves from the unfavorable effects of inflation, when possible, by incorporating escalating wage and price assumptions into our construction cost estimates, by obtaining firm fixed price quotes from major subcontractors and material suppliers, by securing purchase commitments for materials early in the project schedule and by including contingency for these risks in our bid price. Construction and other materials used in our construction activities are generally available locally from multiple sources. Despite the widespread adverse supply chain impacts related tothat previously resulted from the effects of the COVID-19coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), we have not yet experienced significant supply chain issues broadly across our portfolio of projects, but we cannot be certain that such issues may not arise in the future.future if there are new outbreaks or other public health crises. Labor resources for our domestic projects are largely obtained through various labor unions. We have not experienced significant labor shortages in recent years, nor do we expect to in the near future. However, longer-term, the anticipated significant increase in demand for large complex projects driven by the IIJABIL could lead to labor shortages.
Seasonality
We experience seasonal trends in our business. Our revenue and operating income are typically higher in the second half of the year. Our first fiscal quarter of the year is typically our lowest revenue quarter, as the harsher winter weather conditions that often occur during this period can negatively impact our ability to execute work and our productivity in parts of North America. Our revenue typically increases during the high construction seasons of the summer and fall months in the United States. Within the United States, as well as in other parts of the world, our business generally benefits from milder weather conditions during our third fiscal quarter, which allows for more productivity from our on-site construction operations. For these reasons, it is not unusual for us to experience seasonal changes or fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
Government Contracts
Most of our federal, state and local government customers can terminate, renegotiate, or modify any of their contracts with us at their election, and many of our federal government contracts are subject to renewal or extension periodically. Revenue derived from federal, state and local government customers was 66%74%, 63%68% and 62%66% of our total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, respectively.
Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations
Environmental, health and safety regulations and requirements materially affect our business. We are firmly committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment for our employees and to working in a manner that ensures the safety of our subcontractors, customers and the general public, as well as the protection of facilities, equipment and the environment. Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and other health and safety regulations, in particular, is essential to procure business and to attract and retain our workforce. Accordingly, we make considerable investments in our environmental, health and safety programs, and we factor costs associated with compliance into our project bids and proposals.
We provide construction and construction management services at various project sites, and sometimes perform work in and around sensitive environmental areas, such as rivers, lakes and wetlands. We also handle small quantities of hazardous materials on occasion. Significant fines, penalties and other sanctions may be imposed for non-compliance with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations, and some laws provide for joint and several strict liabilities for remediation of releases of hazardous substances.
Contaminants have been detected at some of the sites that we own and where we have worked as a contractor in the past, and we have incurred costs for the investigation and remediation of hazardous substances. However, we do not own the job sites
upon which we perform our work. We have pollution liability insurance coverage for such matters, and if applicable, we seek
indemnification from customers to cover the risks associated with environmental remediation. Accordingly, we believe that our environmental liabilities are not material. In addition, we continually evaluate our compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations, and we believe that we are in substantial compliance with those laws and regulations.
Insurance and Bonding
All of our properties and equipment, as well as those of our joint ventures, are covered by insurance in amounts that we believe are consistent with our risk of loss and industry practice. Our wholly owned subsidiary, PCR Insurance Company, issues policies for default insurance for our subcontractors, automobile liability, general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, allowing us to centralize our claims and risk management functions to reduce our insurance-related costs.
As a normal part of the construction business, we are often required to provide various types of surety bonds as an additional level of security for our performance. We also require many of our higher-risk subcontractors to provide surety bonds as security for payment of subcontractors and suppliers and to guarantee their performance. As an alternative to traditional surety bonds, we also have purchased subcontractor default insurance for certain construction projects to insure against the risk of subcontractor default.
Human Capital Resources
The foundation of our continuing success as a leading construction services business is our ability to attract and retain the industry’s best talent by providing a culture of opportunity, development, accountability and empowerment. This understanding guides our approach to managing our human capital resources.
Employees.Our principal asset is our employees, many of whom have technical and professional backgrounds and undergraduate and/or advanced degrees. As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had approximately 7,8008,200 employees (including union employees), of which approximately 1,900 were salaried and 5,9006,300 were hourly employees. The number of employees at any given time depends on the volume and types of active projects in progress, as well as our position within the lifecycle of those projects. We believe that we have strong relationships with our employees and that the quality and level of service that our employees deliver to our customers are among the highest in our industry.
Diversity and Inclusion. A diverse workforce provides a broader perspective on the challenges our customers look to us to solve. To excel as a business, we must continue to hire the best talent and secure the full participation and commitment of all employees. Our culture is to always treat people with respect, dignity and fairness. Historically, women have represented a small percentage of workers in the construction industry. This sometimes presents challenges, as well as opportunities, in attracting and recruiting women to our workforce. Women made up 11.1% of our U.S. workforce as of December 31, 2023, which is in line with the representation of women in the U.S. construction workforce at large of 10.8%, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (“BLS”). Racial and ethnic minorities represented about half of our U.S. construction workforce as of December 31, 2023, which is generally in line with BLS data.
Union Workforce. We are signatory to numerous local and regional collective bargaining agreements, both directly and through trade associations, as a union contractor. These agreements cover all necessary union crafts and are subject to various renewal dates. As of December 31, 2021,2023, our workforce included a total of approximately 3,9003,600 union employees. Estimated amounts for wage escalation related to the expiration of union contracts are included in our bids on various projects; accordingly, the expiration of any union contract in the next year is not expected to have any material impact on us. During the past several years, we have not experienced any significant work stoppages caused by our union employees.
Talent Recruitment, Training and Retention. Our business relies upon an adequate supply of management, supervisory and field personnel. Recruiting, training and retaining key personnel hashave been and will remain primary goals of our human capital initiative.initiatives. Through the use of management information systems, on-the-job training and educational seminars, employees are trained to understand the importance of project execution. We place a strong emphasis on training employees in accurate and comprehensive project estimating, project management and project cost control. As is common in our industry, we experience some recurring employee turnover each year, which we believe is comparable to the industry average. Historically, we have successfully attracted and retained sufficient numbers of personnel, including union personnel, to support our operational needs. We strive to ensure a fully competent project management team that includes long-term successors to our current project leaders by investing significant resources to build strong and highly competent project managers. We regularly hire construction management and engineering staff, including interns and recent graduates, and provide them with engaging projects and development programs. On the occasion when we have a need for senior project executives, the broad professional network of our leadership team often provides strong candidates to fill those needs. We also utilize internal and external
recruiting specialists to help fill our open job positions. To support retention and motivation of our top talent, we provide very competitive compensation, which may include performance incentives.
Workplace Safety. We place a strong emphasis on the safety of our employees, our customers and the public. Accordingly, we conduct extensive safety training programs that have allowed us to maintain a high safety level at our worksites. All newly hired employees that will be working at project job sites undergo an initial safety orientation, and for certain types of projects or processes we conduct specific hazard training programs. Our project supervisors regularly conduct on-site safety meetings, and our safety managers make random site safety inspections and perform daily assessments. In addition, operational employees are required to complete an OSHA 30-hour training program and project-specific courses on various safety topics. Moreover, we promote a culture of safety by encouraging employees to recognize, immediately correct and report all unsafe conditions. To underscore the importance of safety, a portion of annual performance bonus compensation for certain executive management is
directly linked to the achievement of a key safety metric. Our strong overall safety performance also helps to reduce our insurance-related costs.
Available Information
Our investor website address is http://investors.tutorperini.com. In the “Financial Reports” portion of our investor website, under the subsection “SEC Filings,” you may obtain free electronic copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports. These reports, and any amendments to them, are made available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Set forth below, and elsewhere in this report, are descriptions of the material risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
If we are unable to accurately estimate contract risks, revenue or costs, economic factors such as inflation, the timing of new awards, or the pace of project execution, we may incur a loss or achieve lower than anticipated profit.
Accounting for contract-related revenue and costs requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that may change substantially throughout the project lifecycle, which has previously resulted, and in the future could result, in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. In addition, cost overruns, including unanticipated cost increases on fixed price contracts (including contracts performed under the design-build project delivery method, in which we assume the risks associated with the design of the project) and guaranteed maximum price contracts, have previously resulted, and in the future may result, in lower profits or losses. Economic factors, including inflation, could also subject us to higher costs, which we may not be able to fully recover in future projects that we are bidding, and may also decrease profit on our existing contracts, in particular with respect to our fixed price, unit price and guaranteed maximum price contracts. Changes in laws, policies or regulations, including tariffs and taxes, have previously impacted, and in the future could impact, the prices for materials or equipment. Further, our results of operations have historically fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, quarterly and annually depending on when new awards occur and the commencement and progress of work on projects already awarded.
We are involved in a significant number of legal proceedings which, if determined unfavorable to us, could adversely affect our financial results and/or cash flows, harm our reputation and/or preclude us from bidding on future projects. We also may invest significant working capital on projects while legal proceedings are being settled.
We are involved in various lawsuits, including the legal proceedings described under Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Litigation is inherently uncertain, and it is not possible to accurately predict what the final outcome will be of any legal proceeding. We must make certain assumptions and rely on estimates, which are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, regarding potential outcomes of legal proceedings in order to determine an appropriate contingent liability and charge to income. Any adverse legal proceeding outcome or settlement that is materially different from our expectations and estimates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. This may include requiring us to record an expense or reduce revenue that we previously recorded based on our expectations or estimates, requiring us to pay damages or reducing cash collections that we had expected to receive. For example, on December 13, 2019,in April 2023, we received an adverse jury verdictdecision from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit involving a long-standing dispute on a completed mixed-use project in the case related to the construction of the SR 99 project byNew York, which resulted in a joint venture for which the Company holds a 45% share as a minority partner. As a result of the unexpected adverse jury verdict, we recorded a pre-taxnon-cash charge of $166.8 million in 2019. Refer to the Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.$83.6 million. In addition, any future adverse judgments could harm our reputation and preclude us from bidding on future projects.
We may bring claims against project owners for additional cost exceeding the contract price or for amounts not included in the original contract price. When these types of events occur and unresolved claims are pending, we may invest significant working capital in projects to cover cost overruns pending the resolution of the relevant claims. A failure to promptly recover on these types of claims has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial results and could result in further legal proceedings.
If we are unable to accurately estimate contract risks, revenue or costs, economic factors such as inflation, the timing of new awards, or the pace of project execution, we may incur a loss or achieve lower than anticipated profit.
Accounting for contract-related revenue and costs requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that may change substantially throughout the project lifecycle, which has previously resulted, and in the future could result, in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. In addition, cost overruns, including unanticipated cost increases on fixed price contracts and guaranteed maximum price contracts, have previously resulted, and in the future may result, in lower profits or
losses. Economic factors, including inflation, have also previously subjected us, and could in the future subject us, to higher costs, which we may not be able to fully recover in future projects that we are bidding, and may also decrease profit on our existing contracts, in particular with respect to our fixed price, unit price and guaranteed maximum price contracts. Changes in laws, policies or regulations, including tariffs and taxes, have previously impacted, and in the future could impact, the prices for materials or equipment. Further, our results of operations have historically fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, quarterly and annually depending on when new awards occur and the commencement and progress of work on projects already awarded.
Competition for new project awards is intense, and our failure to compete effectively could reduce our market share and profits.
New project awards are determined through either a competitive bid basis or on a negotiated basis. Projects may be awarded based solely upon price, but often take into account other factors, such as technical qualifications, proposed project team, schedule and past performance on similar projects. Within our industry, we compete with many international, regional and local construction firms. If we are unable to compete successfully in such markets, our relative market share and profits could be reduced.
Our contracts often require us to perform extra work beyond the initial project scope, which can result in disputes or claims and adversely affect our working capital, profits and cash flows.
Our contracts often require us to perform extra work beyond the initial project scope as directed by the customer even if the customer has not agreed in advance on the scope and/or price of the work to be performed. This process has resulted and in the future could result in disputes or claims over whether the work performed is beyond the scope of work directed by the customer and/or exceeds the price the customer is willing to pay for the work performed.performed, which has resulted in significant cash flow constraints in the past. To the extent we do not recover our costs for this work or there are delays in the recovery of these costs, whether as a result of an unfavorable outcome in a litigation or arbitration or as a result of a settlement in which we agree to accept less than we had expected, our working capital, profits and cash flows have been and could continue to be adversely impacted.
Competition for new project awards is intense, and our failure to compete effectively could reduce our market share and profits.
New project awards are determined through either a competitive bid basis or on a negotiated basis. Projects may be awarded based solely upon price, but often take into account other factors, such as technical qualifications, proposed project team, schedule and past performance on similar projects. Within our industry, we compete with many international, regional and local construction firms. If we are unable to compete successfully in such markets, our relative market share and profits could be reduced.
The coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has adversely impacted, and could continue to adversely impact, our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption for the Company, our customers, subcontractors and suppliers, and the markets in which we do business. The scope and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, and new strains of the COVID-19 virus have emerged. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced delays in certain bidding activities and also in legal proceedings and settlement discussions where we have claims against project owners for additional costs exceeding the contract price or for amounts not included in the original contract price. Consequently, our ability to resolve and recover on these types of claims has been and may continue to be delayed, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial results.
It remains difficult to assess the full impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business, including the impact of actions that may continue to be taken in response to the pandemic and the impacts that the pandemic will have on our employees, our operating segments and practices, our customers, subcontractors and suppliers, and the regions that we serve, or on our financial condition and results of operations as a whole. The full impact depends on many factors that remain uncertain and subject to ongoing volatility, or that are not yet identifiable, and in many cases are out of our control. These factors could include, among other things: (1) the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the types and magnitude of adverse impacts on the U.S. and global economies; (2) the health and welfare, and general availability, of our employees, and those of our customers, subcontractors and suppliers; (3) evolving business and government actions in response to the pandemic, including, but not limited to, social distancing measures, new or increased COVID-19 testing and/or vaccination requirements, and additional health and safety requirements that we may be required to observe in order to continue working on our projects; (4) the varying impact that the pandemic may have on industries we serve and on government spending for infrastructure projects, including reduced government spending on infrastructure as a result of lower revenues from taxes, tolls and fares; (5) the response of our customers or prospective customers to the pandemic, including potential future delays, stoppages or terminations of existing projects or potential new awards; (6) delays in the settlement of receivables if customers are unable to pay, fail to make timely payments, request financial concessions or if we continue to experience delays in resolving claims and disputes (e.g., further delays in court proceedings or settlement discussions); (7) limitations and higher costs associated with obtaining financing; (8) the impact of higher inflation that has resulted, at least in part, from market and government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and how long elevated inflation levels may persist, which may increase the cost of labor and materials; (9) supply chain and related logistical challenges that could further limit the availability or increase the cost of materials; (10) potential interruptions to our information systems and technology or breaches in our data security due to increasing use of remote communications and access; and (11) the extent to which COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine boosters are effective against the various current and future virus strains. Such factors may continue to result in fewer or delayed project bidding opportunities or additional or further delays on existing projects.
Any of these events or impacts we have experienced or identified have caused or contributed to, and could continue to cause or contribute to, the risks and uncertainties facing the Company and our customers and could continue to materially and adversely affect our business or portions thereof, and our financial condition and results of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic and the volatile economic conditions stemming from the pandemic, as well as reactions to future pandemics or resurgences of COVID-19, could also aggravate or heighten the risks posed by other risk factors that we have identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There may be other adverse consequences to our business, financial condition and results of operations from the spread of COVID-19 that are not presently known or that have not yet become apparent. As a result, we cannot assure you that if the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it would not have a further adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A significant slowdown or decline in economic conditions could adversely affect our operations.
Any significant decline in economic conditions in any of the markets we serve or uncertainty regarding the economic outlook could result in a decline in demand for infrastructure projects and commercial building developments. In addition, any instability in the financial and credit markets could negatively impact our customers’ ability to pay us on a timely basis, or at all, for work on projects already under construction, could cause our customers to delay or cancel construction projects in our backlog or could create difficulties for customers to obtain adequate financing to fund new construction projects. Such consequences could have an adverse impact on our future operating results. Lastly, we are more susceptible to adverse economic conditions in New York and California, as a significant portion of our operations are concentrated in those states.
Our actual results could differ from the assumptionsestimates and estimatesassumptions used to prepare our financial statements.
In preparing our financial statements, we are required under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) to make estimates and assumptions as of the date of the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported values of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Areas requiring significant estimates by our management include, but are not limited to:
• recognition of contract revenue, costs, profits or losses in applying the principles of revenue accounting;
• recognition of revenue related to project incentives or awards we expect to receive;
• recognition of recoveries under unapproved change orders or claims;
• estimated amounts for expected project losses, warranty costs, contract closeout or other costs;
• collectability of billed and unbilled accounts receivable;
• asset valuations;
• income tax provisions and related valuation allowances;
• determination of expense and potential liabilities under pension and other post-retirement benefit programs; and
• accruals for other estimated liabilities, including litigation and insurance reserves.
Our actual business and financial results could differ from our estimates of such results,results. These differences, including those which have resulted, and in the future could result, from unfavorable litigation or arbitration outcomes and settlements in which we agree to accept less than previously estimated amounts, have had and could continue to have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and reported results of operations. Our decision in 2022 to prioritize efforts to seek faster resolution of certain disputed matters, primarily in the Specialty Contractors segment in New York, and convert related balances to cash more quickly has resulted, and may in the future result, in other situations where amounts that we collect are lower than estimated amounts, even in cases where our estimates have taken into account the recent shift in our operational priorities.
A significant slowdown or decline in economic conditions, such as those presented during a recession, could adversely affect our operations.
A significant decline in economic conditions, such as those presented during a recession, in any of the markets we serve or uncertainty regarding the economic outlook has resulted and in the future could result in a decline in demand for infrastructure projects and commercial building developments. In addition, instability in the financial and credit markets has negatively impacted and in the future could negatively impact our customers’ ability to pay us on a timely basis, or at all, for work on
projects already under construction, has caused and in the future could cause our customers to delay or cancel construction projects in our backlog and could create difficulties for customers to obtain adequate financing to fund new construction projects. Such consequences have had and in the future could continue to have an adverse impact on our operating results. Lastly, we are more susceptible to adverse economic conditions in New York and California, as a significant portion of our operations are concentrated in those states.
The construction services industry is highly schedule driven, and our failure to meet the schedule requirements of our contracts could adversely affect our reputation and/or expose us to financial liability.
Many of our contracts are subject to specific completion schedule requirements. Failure to meet contractual schedule requirements has subjected us, and in the future could subject us, to liquidated damages, liability for our customer’s actual cost arising out of our delay and damage to our reputation.
We may not fully realize the revenue value reported in our backlog due to cancellations or reductions in scope.
As of December 31, 2021, our backlog of uncompleted construction work was approximately $8.2 billion. The revenue projected in our backlog may not be fully realized and, in some cases, if realized, may not result in profits or may be less profitable than expected. The cancellation or reduction in scope of significant projects included in our backlog could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We require substantial personnel, including construction and project managers and specialty subcontractor resources, to execute and perform on our contracts in backlog. The successful execution of our business strategies is also dependent upon our ability to attract and retain our key officers, as well as adequately plan for their succession.
Our ability to execute and perform on our contracts in backlog depends in large part upon our ability to hire and retain highly skilled personnel, including project and construction management and trade labor resources, such as carpenters, masons and other skilled workers. In the event we are unable to attract, hire and retain the requisite personnel and subcontractors necessary to execute and perform on our contracts in backlog, we may experience delays in completing projects in accordance with project schedules or an increase in expected costs, both of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, our reputation and our relationships. In addition, if we lack the personnel and specialty subcontractors necessary to perform on our current contract backlog, we may find it necessary to curtail our pursuit of new projects. A significant, rapid growth in our backlog has led, and could continue to lead, to situations in which labor resources become constrained.
The execution of our business strategies also substantially depends on our ability to retain several key members of our management. Losing any of these individuals could adversely affect our business. The majority of these key individuals are not bound by employment agreements. Volatility or lack of positive performance in our stock price may adversely affect our ability to retain key individuals to whom we have provided share-based compensation. IfWe have experienced changes in senior management in the past. Our long-time Chairman and CEO has agreed to transition to the role of Executive Chairman at the end of 2024, and we lose any key officer due towill have a new CEO. Changes in management, including as a result of succession or voluntary or involuntary termination, including as a result of retirement, death or disability, and we do not have qualified successors in place, our operating results could be harmed.
The level of federal, state and local government spending for infrastructure and other public projects could adversely affect the number of projects availableour business and financial results, particularly if we are not able to us in the future.
The civil constructionidentify, engage, and public-works building markets are dependent on the amount of work funded by various government agencies, which depends on many factors, including the condition of the existing infrastructure and buildings; the need for newretain qualified successors or expanded infrastructure and buildings; and federal, state and local government spending levels. As a result,if our future operating results could be negatively impacted by any decrease in demand for public projectsbusiness, customers, or decrease or delay in government funding (even with the passage of the IIJA), which could result from a variety of factors, including extended government shutdowns, delays in the sale of voter-approved bonds, budget shortfalls, credit rating downgrades or long-term impairment in the ability of state and local governmentsemployees do not respond positively to raise capital in the municipal bond market.such changes.
Systems and information technology interruption and breaches in data security and/or privacy could adversely impact our ability to operate and negatively impact our operating results.
We rely on computer, information and communication technology and other related systems, some of which are hosted by third partythird-party providers, for various business processes and activities, including project management, accounting, financial reporting and business development. These systems have been and may, in the future, beare subject to interruptions or damage by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, cyber-attacks, natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, acts of war, computer viruses, email phishing, obsolescence and physical damage. Such interruptions can result in a loss of critical data, a delay in operations, damage to our reputation or an unintentional disclosure of customer confidential or personally identifiable information, any of which could have a material adverse impact on us and our consolidated financial statements.
Cybersecurity risks include potential attacks on both our information technology infrastructure and those of third parties (both on premises and in the cloud) attempting to gain unauthorized access to our confidential or other proprietary information, classified information, or information relating to our employees, customers and other third parties. We dedicate considerable attention and resources to the safeguarding of our information technology systems. Nevertheless, due to the evolving nature, persistence, sophistication and volume of cyber-attacks, we may not be successful in defending our systems against all such attacks. Consequently, we have engaged, and may again need to engage, significant resources to remediate the impact of, or further mitigate the risk of, such an attack. Any successful cyber-attack can result in the criminal, or otherwise illegitimate use of, confidential data, including our data or third-party data for which we have the responsibility for safekeeping. Additionally, such an attack could have a material adverse impact on our operations, reputation and financial results.
In addition, various privacy and security laws and regulations requiring us to protect sensitive and confidential information from disclosure continue to evolve and pose increasingly complex compliance challenges. Compliance with evolving data privacy laws and regulations may cause us to incur additional costs, and any violation could result in damage to our reputation
and/or subject us to fines, payment of damages, lawsuits and restrictions on our use of data, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Our participation in construction joint ventures exposes us to liability and/or harm to our reputation for failures by our partners.
As part of our business, we enter into joint venture arrangements typically to jointly bid on and execute particular projects, thereby reducing our risk profile while enhancing execution capabilities and increasing surety bonding capacity. Success on these joint projects depends in large part on whether our joint venture partners satisfy their contractual obligations. Generally, we and our joint venture partners are jointly and severally liable for all liabilities and obligations of our joint ventures. If a joint venture partner fails to perform or is financially unable to bear its portion of required capital contributions or other obligations, including liabilities stemming from lawsuits, we could be required to make additional investments, provide additional services or pay more than our proportionate share of a liability to make up for our partner’s shortfall. Further, if we are unable to adequately address our partner’s performance issues, the customer may terminate the project, which could result in legal liability to us, harm our reputation, reduce our profit on a project or, in some cases, result in a loss.
Our international operations expose us to economic, political, regulatory and other risks, as well as uncertainty related to U.S. Governmentgovernment funding, which could adversely affect our revenue and earnings.
For the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, we derived $374.1$442.3 million of revenue from our work on projects located outside of the United States. Our international operations expose us to risks inherent in doing business in certain hostile regions outside the United States, including political risks; risks of loss due to acts of war; unstable economic, financial and market conditions; potential incompatibility with foreign subcontractors and vendors; foreign currency controls and fluctuations; trade restrictions; economic and trade sanctions; logistical challenges; variations in taxes; and changes in labor conditions, labor strikes and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations. Failure to successfully manage risks associated with our international operations could result in higher operating costs than anticipated or could delay or limit our ability to generate revenue and income from construction operations in key international markets.
The U.S. federal government has approved various spending bills for the construction of defense- and diplomacy-related projects and has allocated significant funds to the defense of U.S. interests around the world from the threat of terrorism. The federal government has also approved funds for development in conjunction with the relocation of military personnel into Guam. However, federal government funding levels for construction projects in the Middle East have decreased significantly over the past several years as the U.S. government has reduced the number of military troops and support personnel in the region. As a result, we have seen a decrease in the number and size of federal government projects available to us in this region. Any decrease in U.S. federal government funding for projects in Guam or in other U.S. Territories or countries in which we are pursuing work may result in project delays or cancellations, which could reduce our revenue and earnings.
The level of federal, state and local government spending for infrastructure and other public projects could adversely affect the number of projects available to us in the future.
The civil construction and public-works building markets are dependent on the amount of work funded by various government agencies, which depends on many factors, including the condition of the existing infrastructure and buildings; the need for new or expanded infrastructure and buildings; and federal, state and local government spending levels. As a result, our future operating results could be negatively impacted by any decrease in demand for public projects or decrease or delay in government funding (even with the passage of the BIL), which could result from a variety of factors, including extended government shutdowns, delays in the sale of voter-approved bonds, budget shortfalls, credit rating downgrades or long-term impairment in the ability of state and local governments to raise capital in the municipal bond market.
Weather conditions and other events outside our control can significantly affect our revenue and profitability.
Inclement weather conditions, such as significant storms and unusual temperatures, as well as natural or man-made disasters or other catastrophic events, can impact or prevent our ability to perform work. Adverse weatherThese conditions canand events have caused, and may in the future cause, delays or terminations and increases in project costs, resulting in variability in our revenue and profitability.
We may not fully realize the revenue value reported in our backlog due to cancellations or reductions in scope.
As of December 31, 2023, our backlog of uncompleted construction work was approximately $10.2 billion. The revenue currently projected in our backlog may not be fully realized and, in some cases, if realized, may not result in profits or may be less profitable than expected. The cancellation or reduction in scope of significant projects included in our backlog could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We are subject to risks related to government contracts and related procurement regulations.
Our contracts with U.S. federal, as well as state, local and foreign, government entities are subject to various procurement regulations and other requirements relating to their formation, administration and performance. We are subject to audits and investigations relating to our government contracts, and any violations could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contract, refunding or suspending of payments, forfeiture of profits, payment of fines and suspension or debarment from future government business. In addition, most of these contracts provide for termination or renegotiation by the government at any time, without cause, which could have an adverse effect on our business and operations.
Our business and operations could be negatively affected if we become subject to any securities litigation or shareholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution The percentage of our business coming from government entities has continued to increase in recent years, and growth strategy, impact our stock price and adversely affect our reputation.
There have been several instances in the pastas of shareholder activism targeted at someDecember 31, 2023 accounted for nearly 90% of our peers, as well as at other companies inbacklog. As a result, the broader engineeringrisks of adverse consequences related to government contracting and construction industry, with activists often seeking board representation and/or advocating for changes to the target company’s operating structure or business strategy. Additionally, following periods of volatility in the market price of companies’ securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against such companies.
Shareholder activism, which could take many forms and arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing recently, and new universal proxy rules set to take effect later in 2022 could significantly lower the cost and further increase the ease and likelihood of shareholder activism. Volatility in our stock price or other reasons may in the future cause us to become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Securities litigation and shareholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs, including significant legal fees and other expenses, and divert our management and Board of Directors’ attention and resources from our business. Additionally, securities litigation and shareholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties asprocurement are increasingly fundamental to our future, adversely affect our relationships with customers and business partners, adversely affect our reputation, and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Our stock price could also be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any securities litigation and shareholder activism.business.
Our participation in construction joint ventures exposes us to liability and/or harm to our reputation for failures by our partners.
As part of our business, we enter into joint venture arrangements typically to jointly bid on and execute particular projects, thereby reducing our risk profile while enhancing execution capabilities and increasing surety bonding capacity. Success on these joint projects depends in large part on whether our joint venture partners satisfy their contractual obligations and comply with all applicable regulatory requirements. Generally, we and our joint venture partners are jointly and severally liable for all liabilities and obligations of our joint ventures. If a joint venture partner fails to perform or is financially unable to bear its portion of required capital contributions or other obligations, including liabilities stemming from lawsuits, we could be required to make additional investments, provide additional services or pay more than our proportionate share of a liability to make up for our partner’s shortfall. Further, if we are unable to adequately address our partner’s performance issues, the customer may terminate the project, which could result in legal liability to us, harm our reputation, reduce our profit on a project or, in some cases, result in a loss.
We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. While our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws, there is no assurance that our policies and procedures will protect us from circumstances or actions that could result in possible criminal penalties or other sanctions, including contract cancellations or debarment, and loss ofharm to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
AdversePublic health events,crises, such as an epidemic or a pandemic,COVID-19, have adversely impacted, and could in the future adversely impact, our business.business, financial condition and results of operations.
From time to time, various diseases have spread across the globe, such as the recent COVID-19. If a disease spreads sufficiently to cause an epidemicPandemics, epidemics or a pandemic,other public health crises can adversely impact our business or the business of our suppliers, subcontractors or customers. For example, particularly in 2020 and 2021, COVID-19 created volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption for the Company, our customers, subcontractors and suppliers, and the markets in which we do business, and certain of the impacts of this disruption have continued. COVID-19 also caused delays in certain bidding activities and contract awards, particularly for large civil projects, which adversely affected both our revenue and our backlog. We also faced substantial postponements and other delays in legal proceedings and settlement discussions where we have claims against project owners for additional costs exceeding the contract price or for amounts not included in the original contract price. Consequently, our ability to resolve and recover on these types of claims has been and may continue to be delayed, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial results.
While the adverse effects of COVID-19 have largely subsided, should future public health crises occur, this could behave a further adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, any future volatile economic conditions resulting from public health crises could also aggravate or heighten the risks posed by other risk factors that we have identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which in turn could materially and adversely impacted.affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Physical and regulatory risks related to climate change could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a business that builds new infrastructure and improves existing infrastructure for customers around the world, physical risks related to climate change, such as rising sea levels and temperatures, severe storms, and energy and technological disruptions, could cause delays and increases in project costs, resulting in variability in our revenue and profitability, as well as potentially adverse impacts to our operating results and financial condition. In addition, growing public concern about climate change has resulted in the increased focus of local, state, regional, national and international regulatory bodies on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change issues. Legislation to regulate greenhouse gas emissions has periodically been introduced in the U.S. Congress and in the legislatures of various states in which we operate, and there has been a wide-ranging policy debate, both in the United States and internationally, regarding the impact of these gases and possible means for their regulation. Such policy changes, including any enactment of increasingly stringent emissions or other environmental regulations, could increase the costs of projects for us and for our clients and, in some cases, delay or even prevent a project from going forward, thereby potentially reducing demand for our services. Consequently, this could result in a material adverse impact on our business.
In connection with mergers and acquisitions, we have recorded goodwill and other intangible assets that could become impaired and adversely affect our operating results. Assessing whether impairment has occurred requires us to make significant judgments and assumptions about the future, which are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, and if actual events turn out to be materially less favorable than the judgments we make and the assumptions we use, we may be required to record impairment charges in the future.
We had $255.6 million of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.2023. We assess these assets for impairment annually, or more often if required. Our assessments involve a number of estimates and assumptions that are inherently subjective, require significant judgment and involve highly uncertain matters that are subject to change. The use of different assumptions or estimates could materially affect the determination as to whether or not an impairment has occurred. In addition, if future events are less favorable than what we assumed or estimated in our impairment analysis, we may be required to record an impairment charge, which could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements. We have, in the past, recorded significant asset impairment charges and could have additional such charges in the future.
Risks Related to Our Capital Structure
As a result of the “spring-forward” maturity provision in our Revolver and Term Loan B facility, we will need to repay, refinance, or obtain amendments or waivers with respect to some or all of our substantial outstanding indebtedness. If we are unsuccessful, the maturity of our Revolver and Term Loan B facility will accelerate, and a failure to repay then-outstanding amounts would cause us to be in default, which would materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
Under the terms of our 2020 Credit Agreement, as amended, if any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on January 30, 2025 (which is 91 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), the maturity date of 10.2% of the outstanding Term Loan B principal and any amounts outstanding under the Revolver would accelerate to January 30, 2025, and the commitments available under the Revolver would be reduced to zero on January 30, 2025. The maturity of the remaining 89.8% of the outstanding Term Loan B principal would accelerate to April 21, 2025 (which is 10 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), if any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding as of this date. We refer to this as the “spring-forward maturity” provision of our 2020 Credit Agreement. Absent the applicability of the spring-forward maturity provision, the maturity date of the Term Loan B is August 18, 2027 and of the Revolver is August 18, 2025.
As a result of the spring-forward maturity provision, after January 30, 2024, any outstanding indebtedness under the Revolver and 10.2% of outstanding indebtedness under the Term Loan B will be reclassified as current indebtedness. After April 21, 2024, the remaining 89.8% of outstanding indebtedness under the Term Loan B will be reclassified as current indebtedness. We will need to repay, refinance, or obtain amendments or waivers with respect to our indebtedness related to the 2020 Credit Agreement and/or the 2017 Senior Notes before the January 30, 2025 and, if applicable, April 21, 2025 acceleration dates.
While our cash collections have improved significantly since 2021 and are expected to remain strong, we do not currently have available cash and borrowings sufficient to repay the 2017 Senior Notes, which have an outstanding balance of $500.0 million as of December 31, 2023. If we are unable to pay off or refinance the 2017 Senior Notes prior to the above-mentioned acceleration dates, or to otherwise address the acceleration of outstanding indebtedness under our 2020 Credit Agreement due to the spring-forward maturity provision, our liquidity, business, operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected. In this event, we may not have sufficient funds available for timely repayment of our indebtedness, and we may not have the ability to borrow or obtain sufficient funds to replace the indebtedness on terms acceptable to us, or at all, in which case an event of default would occur under our 2020 Credit Agreement. We are working to refinance the 2017 Senior Notes and anticipate that we will complete a refinancing transaction by the end of April 2024, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to complete a refinancing on terms that we consider acceptable. We expect the terms of any refinanced debt to include interest rates that are higher than those of our current issuances under the 2017 Senior Notes.
An inability to obtain bonding could have a negative impact on our operations and results.
We are often required to provide surety bonds securing our performance under our contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds primarily depends on our working capital, past performance, capitalization, credit rating, management expertise, overall capacity of the surety market and other factors. If we are unable to obtain reasonably priced surety bonds in the future, it could
significantly affect our ability to be awarded new contracts and could, consequently, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness with restrictive covenants which could adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our debt agreements.agreements, especially in a high interest rate environment.
We currently have, and expect to continue to have, a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2021,2023, our total debt was $1.0 billion,$899.7 million, with $24.4$117.4 million classified as current debt. A significant amount of debt under our credit agreement contains financial covenants, including one covenant to maintain a maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement (as defined below)), which has required us to obtain two amendments, the First Amendment, dated as of October 31, 2022 and the Second Amendment, dated as of March 10, 2023, to the 2020 Credit Agreement in order to remain in compliance with this covenant. There is a risk that we may need to seek further amendments to this covenant or other covenants in the future should our operating results or financial condition differ materially from our projections. If we are unable to meet the terms of the financial covenants or fail to comply with any of the other restrictions contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness, an event of default could occur, causing the debt related to such agreements to become immediately due. If such acceleration occurs, we may not be able to repay such indebtedness as required. Since indebtedness under our credit agreement entered into on August 18, 2020 (the(as amended, the “2020 Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and other lenders is secured by substantially all of our assets, acceleration of this debt could result in foreclosure of those assets and a negative impact on our operations. In addition, a failure to meet the terms of our 2020 Credit Agreement could result in a reduction of future borrowing capacity or additional restrictions under the 2020 Credit Agreement causing a loss of liquidity.that could negatively impact our liquidity and financial condition. A loss of liquidity could
adversely impact our ability to execute projects in our backlog, obtain new projects, engage subcontractors, and attract and retain key employees. Furthermore, we had approximately $373.5 million of outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2023 with variable interest rates. Higher market interest rates could also negatively impact our liquidity and financial condition.
Downgrades in our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
The Company’s debt rating was downgraded by a major credit rating agency on March 23, 2020. The credit ratings assigned to us and our debt are subject to ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies and could change based upon, among other things, our results of operations and financial condition. Actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any announcement that our ratings are under review for a downgrade, could have a material adverse effect on our costs and availability of capital, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations. Negative changes in our credit ratings could also result in more stringent covenants and higher interest rates with regard to any new or refinanced debt.
Risk Related to Our Stock Ownership
Our chairman and chief executive officer could exert influence over the Company due to his position and significant ownership interest.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, our chairman and chief executive officer, Ronald N. Tutor, and three trusts controlled by Mr. Tutor (the “Tutor Group”) owned approximately 15%14% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Additionally, one of our current directors was appointed by Mr. Tutor pursuant to hisMr. Tutor’s right to nominate one member to our Board of Directors, so long as the Tutor Group owns at least 11.25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, Mr. Tutor could exert influence over the outcome of a range of corporate matters, including the election of directors and the approval or rejection of other extraordinary transactions, such as a takeover attempt or sale of the Company or its assets.
General Risk Factor
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which could result in substantial losses for stockholders and subject us to litigation.
The market price of our common stock has been, and in the future may be, subject to significant fluctuations due to numerous factors, including but not limited to the risks described in this Risk Factors section. These factors may materially harm the market price of our common stock and potentially expose us to securities class-action litigation, which, even if unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources from our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Governance
Cybersecurity and risks related to our information technology (“IT”) are an important focus of our Board of Directors’ risk oversight. Our Board of Directors, with assistance from the Audit Committee, oversees the Company’s enterprise risk management process, which includes cybersecurity risk management. The Audit Committee, a member of which holds a Certificate in Cyber Risk Governance and a Qualified Risk Director designation from the DCRO Institute, receives regular reports from our Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), along with members of senior management, on the identification and status of cybersecurity risks and management.
Our IT and cybersecurity programs are managed by our CIO, who reports to the President. Our CIO has over 35 years of experience in managing IT and cybersecurity. We also have a dedicated Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), who reports to the CIO and has overall responsibility for establishing our enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, standards, architecture, processes and procedures, and policies. Our CISO has over 25 years of experience in IT and cybersecurity. The Company has adopted incident response plan procedures for assessing and escalating cybersecurity incidents to various response teams that include the CISO, the CIO and other senior management, as necessary.
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We have established various policies, processes, and technologies to aid in our efforts to assess, identify, manage, and mitigate material risks posed by cybersecurity threats, including, among other things:
•Our CISO and IT teams continuously monitor our systems and perform an annual cybersecurity risk assessment;
•We have implemented a proactive incident response and management plan generally aligned with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with annual plan testing and training for employees involved in the response process;
•Annual penetration tests are performed by a third party and any notable findings are included in remediation plans;
•We engage with key industry partners and threat intelligence services, including assessors, consultants and other industry third parties to evaluate our cybersecurity risk management and incident response plans and processes;
•All employees, contractors and temporary workers are required to review and acknowledge our acceptable use policies, which include sections on information and cybersecurity practices and policies;
•Employees are regularly engaged in cybersecurity awareness campaigns, anti-phishing tests, and mandatory training as needed;
•We address third-party cybersecurity risks through interviews and third-party independent assessment reports;
•We maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage as part of our overall insurance portfolio; and
•In conformity with customer requirements, we require proof that subcontractors complete relevant cybersecurity education and awareness training prior to being awarded a subcontract.
We are not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our Company, business strategy, or financial results, and we have not experienced any cybersecurity incidents that have had a material adverse impact on our operations or financial results. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We have office facilities and equipment yards in the following locations, which we believe are suitable and adequate for our current needs:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Offices | | Owned or Leased by Tutor Perini | | Business Segment(s) |
| Los Angeles (Sylmar), CA | | Owned and& Leased | | Corporate, Civil & Specialty Contractors |
| Barrigada, Guam | | Owned | | Civil |
| Black River Falls, WI | | Owned | | Civil |
| Evansville, IN | | Owned | | Civil |
| Fort Lauderdale, FL | | Leased | | Building & Specialty Contractors |
| Framingham, MA | | Owned | | Building |
| Gulfport, MS | | Owned | | Building |
| Henderson, NV | | Owned | | Building & Specialty Contractors |
| Houston, TX | | Owned | | Specialty Contractors |
| Jessup, MD | | Owned | | Civil |
| Menlo Park, CA | | Leased | | Building |
| Mount Vernon, NY | | Leased | | Specialty Contractors |
| New Rochelle, NY | | Owned | | Civil |
| Ozone Park, NY | | Owned | | Specialty Contractors |
| Philadelphia, PA | | Leased | | Building
San Carlos, CA | | Leased | | Building |
| | | | |
| Equipment Yards | | Owned or Leased by Tutor Perini | | Business Segment(s) |
| Black River Falls, WI | | Owned | | Civil |
| Evansville, IN | | Owned | | Civil |
| Fontana, CA | | Leased | | Civil |
| Hilbert, WI | | Owned | | Civil |
| Rosemount, MN | | Owned | | Civil |
| Stockton, CA | | Owned | | Building |
| Waukesha, WI | | Owned | | Civil |
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Legal proceedings are discussed in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Section 1503 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires domestic mine operators to disclose violations and orders issued under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Act”) by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration. We do not own or operate any mines; however, we may be considered a mine operator as defined under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 because we provide construction services to customers in the mining industry. Accordingly, we provide information regarding mine safety violations and other mining regulation matters in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-K.
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TPC.”
Holders
At February 17, 2022,22, 2024, there were 340298 holders of record of our common stock, including holders of record on behalf of an indeterminate number of beneficial owners.
Dividends and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2021.2023. We have not historically paid dividends on our common stock and have no immediate plans to do so.
Issuance of Unregistered Securities
None.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative five-year total return to shareholders on our common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the NYSE Composite Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Heavy Construction Index. We selected the Dow Jones U.S. Heavy Construction Index because we believe the index reflects the market conditions within the industry in which we primarily operate. The comparison of total return on investment, defined as the change in year-end stock price plus reinvested dividends, for each of the periods assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 20162018 in each of our common stock, the NYSE Composite Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Heavy Construction Index, with investment weighted on the basis of market capitalization.
The comparisons in the following graph are based on historical data and are not intended to forecast the possible future performance of our common stock.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. For cautions about relying on such forward-looking statements, please refer to the section entitled Forward-Looking Statements at the beginning of this Annual Report immediately prior to Item 1. Our actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Comparison of 20202022 to 20192021 Results
For a discussion comparing our 20202022 results to our 20192021 results, refer to Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC on February 24, 2021.
Our 2019 results of operations were negatively impacted by a $379.9 million pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charge and a $166.8 million pre-tax charge related to the adverse SR 99 jury verdict. The goodwill impairment charge reduced income from construction operations for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments by $210.2 million, $13.5 million and $156.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019. The SR 99-related charge principally reduced revenue and income from construction operations in the Civil segment. For additional information on the goodwill impairment charge, refer to the Second Quarter of 2019 Goodwill Impairment discussion in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on the SR 99-related charge, refer to the Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter discussion in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.March 15, 2023.
Executive Overview
COVID-19 Update
Since its onset in earlyDuring 2020 theand 2021, COVID-19 pandemic has caused occasional temporary shortages in available manpower,shut-downs or significant reductions in field labor productivity, other inefficiencies, delays to project schedules and deferralsthe operations of project execution. As a result, we continue to incur incremental costs, much of which we are seeking to recover from our customers as allowed by contractual terms. The relief sought from customers, together with certain incremental project opportunities that resulted from the pandemic, has helped to mitigate the pandemic's negative impact on our financial results. In addition, we have experienced delays in certain legal proceedings, as various courts and arbitrators process a large backlog of cases that were impacted by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has alsoarbitrations, which hindered the Company’s ability to resolve disputes related to unapproved work resultingand resulted in the need for the Company to temporarily fund certain project costs that historically would normally be morehave been promptly negotiated, billed to and collected from customers, whichcustomers. This negative impact from the pandemic lessened in 2022 and remained low in 2023, with certain previously delayed disputes finally resolved and other settlement conferences and trials progressing or scheduled to be addressed soon. Consequently, the Company has largely contributedmade and expects to an increase in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings (“CIE”). These delays in resolving and recovering on such claims adversely affected our liquidity and financial results in 2021. However, we anticipate a significant improvementcontinue to make substantial progress in the paceresolution of various disputes in 2024 and magnitude of dispute resolutions and corresponding cash recoveries in 2022, assuming there is no worsening of2025.
Through the pandemic.
Throughout 2020 and muchlatter part of 2021, the pandemic also adverselysignificantly delayed the bidding and awarding of various large prospective civil projects, which affected the volume and timing of our new awards, which has negatively impactedawards. The follow-on impact was a substantial but temporary reduction in our backlog, revenue and operating results,income from construction operations over the past three years. For example, the Company’s consolidated backlog had been near a record level at $11.2 billion as of December 31, 2019, just prior to the onset of COVID-19, but declined in each subsequent year through 2022, and was $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2022, a 29% decrease compared to the end of 2019. Similarly, revenue declined from $5.3 billion in 2020 to $3.8 billion and $3.9 billion in 2022 and 2023, respectively, though there were other factors that contributed to the revenue decline since 2020 as discussed below. The current impacts of the pandemic on new project awards have lessened, as evidenced by the recent strong growth in the Company’s backlog to $10.2 billion as of December 31, 2023, due primarily to new awards in 2023, the largest of which was the $2.95 billion Brooklyn Jail project. However, the follow-on impact from delayed project bids and large contract awards has continued to have a negative impact on operating results in 2022 is expected to continue due to previously limited biddingour revenue and proposal opportunities.profitability. In addition, many of our state and local government customers’ revenue sources have beenwere negatively impacted by the pandemic due to curtailed ridership on mass-transit systems (buses, subways, trains, etc.),a reduction of commuter and business travel. Despite improved commuter and business travel on commercial airlines, and driving byconditions, the general public, which resulted in reduced fare and toll collections, lower fuel tax receipts and reduced airport and other facility usage fees. The significant revenue reductions experienced by some of ourthese customers have, in some cases, continued to adversely impactedimpact their abilitytimely payment to pay the Company timely for amounts due. The revenue reductions have also led to, and could continue to resultdue, although these impacts moderated in customers delaying bid solicitations and contract awards for some of their planned infrastructure projects. The potential for continued or new pandemic-related delays in project bids and awards could result in lower-than-expected revenue and earnings until such time as the substantial funding relating to the recently enacted federal infrastructure legislation is distributed to our customers.
Due to the continued fluidity of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainties as to its scope and duration, and ongoing changes in the way that governments, businesses and individuals respond to the pandemic, the Company is unable at this time to accurately predict the pandemic’s future impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.2023.
Operating Results
Consolidated revenue for 20212023 was $4.6$3.9 billion, up slightly compared to $5.3$3.8 billion for 2020. The decrease was primarily due to reduced project execution activities2022. Higher revenue in the Civil and Building segments was offset by lower revenue in the Specialty Contractors segment, as various projects have completed or are nearing completion, while newer projects that have been recently awarded are yet to contribute meaningfully to revenue. Revenue for both 2020discussed in more detail below in Results of Segment Operations. In addition, customer budgetary constraints previously induced by COVID-19, combined with certain political and 2021 was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, whichother factors, resulted in delays in new awards. The pandemicthe Company not being awarded certain Civil segment projects over the last few years totaling more than $10.0 billion despite having been the low or preferred bidder. Not being awarded these projects also caused delays in the execution of certain projects, which negatively impacted revenue for both years.
Income from construction operations for 2021 was $226.8 million compared to $262.3 million for 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the revenue decline discussed above, as well as various unfavorable impacts due to changes in estimates totaling $63.1 million on a transportation project in the Northeast that affected all three segments and a separate $16.2 million impact due to a change in estimate on a Specialty Contractors segment mass-transit project. These changes in estimates reflected the temporary negative impact to earnings from growth in unapproved change orders, which resulted in a reduction in the projects’ percentage of completion (and, correspondingly, a reduction in the percentage of estimated profit recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021 for these projects), and, to a lesser degree, project charges. The temporary reduction to earnings isprojects are now expected to reverse itself asbe re-bid in 2024. Furthermore, the projects progress toward completion and the negotiation and settlement of the unapproved change orders could result in additional profit for the incremental work. The decreaseCompany was partially offset by favorable impacts due to changes in estimates totaling $45.3 million on certain Civil segment mass-transit projects and a $20.1 million favorable adjustment related to a legal judgment on a completed project in the Specialty Contractors segment. Further details are provided below in the Results of Segment Operations section.
The effective income tax rate for 2021 was 16.0% compared to 12.6% for 2020. The lower effective tax rate in 2020 primarily reflects one-time tax benefits related to provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). See Corporate, Tax and Other Matters below for a discussion of the changes in the effective tax rate.
Diluted earnings per share for 2021 was $1.79 compared to diluted earnings per share of $2.12 for 2020. The decrease in 2021 was principally due to the factors discussed above that drove the decrease in income from construction operations, as well as the higher effective tax rate in 2021 compared to 2020.
Consolidated new awards in 2021 were $4.5 billion compared to $2.4 billion in 2020. The increase in new awards in 2021 was primarily due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which delayed certain customers from moving forward with planned project bid solicitations and contract awards until 2021 and beyond, due to budgetary impacts, funding uncertainties and customer staffing challenges. The Building and Civil segments were the primary contributors to the new award activity in 2021. Significant new awards included the Cedars-Sinai Marina del Rey Hospital in California (contract value was not publicly announced); the $471 million LAX Airport Metro Connector project; $434 million for various Civil segment projects in the Midwest; more than $385 million of additional funding for certain mass-transit projects in California; the $269 million Yountville Veterans Home in California; the $220 million I-70 Missouri River Bridge project; the $162 million Tinian International Airport aircraft parking apron and taxiway project in the Northern Mariana Islands; the $152 million Santa Rosa Courthouse project in California; and a $122 million military range project and a $98 million military housing project, both in Guam.
Consolidated backlog as of December 31, 2021 was $8.2 billion, essentially level compared to $8.3 billion as of December 31, 2020. Backlog for both 2020 and 2021 was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to reduced bidding and proposal activity. In addition, the Company’s lack of successunsuccessful in its pursuit of certain large prospective Civil segment projects in the second half of 2021, which also unfavorably impacted revenue in 2022 and 2023.
Loss from construction operations for 2023 was $114.6 million compared to $204.8 million for 2022. In 2022, the Company implemented changes to its business strategy, primarily with respect to collections and operations in its Specialty Contractors segment in New York. These changes were implemented in response to COVID-19’s negative impacts on the Company’s net working capital, cash collections, and liquidity, as discussed above, the Company’s desire to reduce its legal expenses and allow management to focus more on the successful execution of projects and on growing the business, and in consideration of certain unfavorable legal judgments and decisions in recent years and the possibility that future litigation and arbitration, particularly in New York, could have a similar negative impact. Specifically, in the latter part of 2022, management increasingly focused on expeditiously negotiating settlements of certain Specialty Contractors segment disputes in New York to accelerate the collection of cash and reduce the risk and uncertainty associated with continued lengthy and costly litigation, arbitration proceedings and settlement negotiations. In implementing this change in collections strategy, management concluded that significant concessions would be required in a number of disputes to facilitate settlements. Ultimately, the Company agreed to settle these disputes for amounts less than what had previously been estimated and might have been obtained if the disputes had been litigated to conclusion. This shift in collections strategy contributed to the significant decline in income from construction operations in 2022. In 2023, as dispute resolution processes progressed on certain projects (not just limited to the Specialty Contractors segment in New York), the Company continued to focus on expediting settlements, which contributed to the strong cash collections, but also to some of the loss from construction operations in 2023. The strong cash collections in 2023 enabled the Company to pay down certain debt, and the Company believes that its improved liquidity will be beneficial to its ability to refinance the 2017 Senior Notes (and possibly other outstanding indebtedness).
The reduced loss from construction operations in 2023 was primarily due to a lower amount of net unfavorable impacts in 2023 as compared to 2022, including: 1) certain adverse legal judgments or decisions that had net unfavorable impacts totaling $122.2 million in 2023 compared to $147.8 million in 2022; and 2) various settlements that had a net favorable impact of $8.4 million in 2023 compared to a net unfavorable impact of $85.4 million in 2022. The improvement was partially offset by higher net unfavorable impacts in 2023 related to various changes in estimates for project charges, net of positive impacts from improved productivity and efficiencies on certain projects, which had an aggregate net negative impact of $117.2 million in 2023 compared to $96.8 million in 2022. Also contributing to the change between 2023 and 2022 were temporary aggregate negative project adjustments of $79.2 million in 2023 compared to $119.7 million in 2022 due to increases in unapproved work on various projects, all of which are expected to reverse themselves over the remaining lives of the projects. The material project adjustments associated with these factors are discussed below.
Adverse legal judgments or decisions during 2023 included an adverse legal ruling on a completed mixed-use project in New York, which resulted in a non-cash charge of $83.6 million, of which $72.2 million impacted the Building segment and $11.4 million impacted the Specialty Contractors segment, and a $24.7 million non-cash charge that resulted from an adverse court ruling on a Specialty Contractors segment educational facilities project in New York.
Adverse legal judgments or decisions during 2022 included a $43.2 million non-cash impact related to the electrical component of a completed mass-transit project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment, a $26.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling related to a completed Civil segment highway project in the Northeast, a $25.5 million non-cash impact related to a completed Civil segment bridge project in New York, a $17.8 million non-cash impact associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment, an $11.3 million impact related to a Building segment hospitality project in Florida and a $10.0 million non-cash impact related to a Civil segment mass-transit project in New York.
Settlements during 2023 had a net favorable impact of $8.4 million, as discussed above, which included favorable adjustments totaling $58.1 million resulting from the settlement of change orders and changes in estimates due to improved performance on a Civil segment project on the West Coast. This favorable impact was mostly offset by the net unfavorable impacts from other settlements including the net unfavorable impact from a settlement that affected multiple components of a Civil segment mass-transit project in California. This settlement included the resolution of certain ongoing disputes and increased the expected profit from work to be performed in the future. The settlement resulted in an unfavorable non-cash adjustment of $23.2 million to one component of the project that is nearing completion, partially offset by a favorable adjustment of $8.8 million on the other component of the project that has substantial scope of work remaining. The net unfavorable impact in 2023 from these two adjustments is expected to be mitigated by the increased profit generated from future work on the project. Other settlements in 2023 included a $13.1 million unfavorable non-cash impact (split evenly between the Civil and Building segments) related to a completed transportation project in the Northeast, a $9.4 million unfavorable adjustment on a completed Specialty Contractors mass-transit project in California and the net unfavorable impact of various other settlements that were individually immaterial.
Settlements during 2022 had an aggregate net negative impact of $85.4 million, as noted above, which included unfavorable impacts related to certain Specialty Contractors segment projects in New York that collectively totaled $32.9 million, one of
which negatively impacted backlog.profitability by $11.3 million, with the remainder of the negative impacts in the Specialty Contractors segment composed of unfavorable settlements that were individually immaterial. Other settlements in 2022 included a $16.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to a long-disputed, completed Civil segment project in Maryland, a $13.4 million unfavorable non-cash impact (split evenly between the Civil and Building segments) related to a completed transportation project in the Northeast, an $11.6 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to a Civil segment mass-transit project in California, as well as the unfavorable impact of various other settlements that were individually immaterial, partially offset by a $12.7 million favorable impact related to a Civil segment bridge project in the Midwest.
Other significant project charges of $117.2 million in 2023 included $62.2 million of unfavorable non-cash adjustments due to changes in estimates on the electrical and mechanical scope of a transportation project in the Northeast associated with changes in the expected recovery on certain unapproved change orders resulting from ongoing negotiations; an unfavorable adjustment of $16.9 million on a Specialty Contractors segment multi-unit residential project in New York due to changes in estimates resulting from incremental costs to complete the project and ongoing negotiations on unapproved change orders; a $14.9 million unfavorable adjustment due to changes in estimates due to recent negotiations and incremental cost incurred during project closeout (split evenly between the Civil and Building segments) on the same completed transportation project in the Northeast discussed above; a $14.6 million unfavorable adjustment on a Building segment government building project in Florida primarily due to increased costs associated with an external subcontractor; unfavorable adjustments of $12.8 million on a completed Civil segment highway project in Virginia due to changes in estimates that resulted from progress in the dispute resolution process; and the net favorable impact of changes in estimates on various other projects that were individually immaterial. All of the project charges were due to changes in facts and circumstances that were identified in 2023.
Significant project charges in 2022 of $96.8 million included a $36.1 million charge due to unfavorable adjustments related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies on the electrical (Specialty Contractors segment) component of a transportation project in the Northeast; an $18.0 million charge related to similar project close-out issues (split evenly between the Civil and Building segments) on the same transportation project in the Northeast; a $13.1 million charge due to inefficiencies and cost overruns on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California; and $11.1 million of charges related to close-out discussions for a mechanical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment, as well as the net unfavorable impact of changes in estimates on numerous other projects that were individually immaterial. In certain cases, the changes in facts and circumstances resulted in changes in estimates to the expected recoveries for certain disputed matters, which were identified as part of the implementation of a new collections strategy in the latter part of 2022 and were primarily related to the Specialty Contractors segment in New York. All of the project charges were due to changes in facts and circumstances that were identified in 2022.
Temporary aggregate negative project adjustments referred to above for 2023 of $79.2 million included a temporary unfavorable non-cash impact of $40.7 million resulting from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on a Civil segment project on the West Coast. These approved change orders increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. This temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project. The remaining amount of temporary negative project adjustments were individually immaterial and were due to growth in unapproved change orders on various projects that reduced the projects’ percentage of completion and profit margin, which are also expected to reverse over the remaining lives of the projects.
The 2022 temporary aggregate negative project adjustments of $119.7 million referred to above included a temporary unfavorable non-cash impact of $38.8 million resulting from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on the same Civil segment project on the West Coast. These approved change orders increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. As indicated above, this temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project. The remaining amount of temporary negative project adjustments was due to growth in unapproved change orders on various projects that reduced the projects’ percentage of completion and profit margin, which are also expected to reverse over the remaining lives of the projects. The largest portion of this remaining amount was a $10.1 million temporary unfavorable impact on the electrical (Specialty Contractors segment) component of a transportation project in the Northeast.
The effective income tax rate for 2023 was 30.1% compared to 28.1% for 2022. See Corporate, Tax and Other Matters below for a discussion of the change in the effective tax rate.
Diluted loss per common share for 2023 was $3.30 compared to diluted loss per common share of $4.09 for 2022. The change in 2023 was primarily due to the factors discussed above that led to the change in loss from construction operations.
Consolidated new awards in 2023 were $6.1 billion compared to $3.5 billion in 2022. The Building and Civil segments were the primary contributors to the new award activity in 2023. Significant new awards and contract adjustments in 2023 included
the $2.95 billion Brooklyn Jail project in New York; $788 million of additional funding for certain mass-transit projects in California; $287 million of additional funding for two large health care projects in California; a $222 million military facilities project at Tinian International Airport in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; and $127 million of additional funding for a mass-transit project in Minnesota.
Consolidated backlog as of December 31, 2023 was $10.2 billion, up 28% compared to $7.9 billion as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the mix of backlog by segment was 55%42% for Civil, 28%41% for Building and 17% for Specialty Contractors, compared to 57%56% for Civil, 20%28% for Building and 23%16% for Specialty Contractors at the end of 2020. Importantly, Building segment backlog, which carries a substantially lower margin, increased $607 million year-over-year, whereas backlog for the higher-margin Civil and Specialty Contractors segments declined $230 million and $487 million, respectively, year-over-year.2022.
Most projects in the Civil segment’s backlog typically convert to revenue over a period of three to five years and in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments over a period of one to three years. We estimate that approximately $4 billion, or 46%approximately 40%, of our backlog as of December 31, 20212023 will be recognized as revenue in 2022. As a result of the changes in the backlog mix and the rate of conversion from backlog to revenue discussed above, we anticipate that in 2022 the Building segment will contribute proportionately higher revenue at a lower operating margin relative to contributions from the Civil and Specialty Contractors segments.
The following table presents the changes in backlog in 2021:2023:
| | (in millions) | (in millions) | Backlog at December 31, 2020 | New Awards in 2021(a) | Revenue Recognized in 2021 | Backlog at December 31, 2021(b) | (in millions) | Backlog at December 31, 2022 | New Awards in 2023(a) | Revenue Recognized in 2023 | Backlog at December 31, 2023(b) |
| Civil | Civil | $ | 4,783.6 | | $ | 1,865.7 | | $ | (2,095.8) | | $ | 4,553.5 | |
| Building | Building | 1,702.3 | | 2,034.7 | | (1,428.1) | | 2,308.9 | |
| Specialty Contractors | Specialty Contractors | 1,859.8 | | 631.3 | | (1,117.9) | | 1,373.2 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 8,345.7 | | $ | 4,531.7 | | $ | (4,641.8) | | $ | 8,235.6 | |
(a)New awards consist of the original contract price of projects added to our backlog plus or minus subsequent changes to the estimated total contract price of existing contracts.
(b)Backlog may differ from the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations as disclosed in Note 32 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Such differences relate to the timing of executing a formal contract or receiving a notice to proceed. More specifically, backlog sometimes may include awards for which a contract has not yet been executed or a notice to proceed has not been issued, but for which there are no remaining major uncertainties that we will proceed with our work on the project (e.g., adequate funding is in place)place, we have received a notice of intent to award a contract, etc.).
The outlook for the Company’s revenue growth over the next several years remains favorable, but the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could continue to adversely affect performance and operations, and the amount and timing of new work awarded. In addition, the Company’sfavorable. However, revenue growth could continue to be impactedhampered by futureunanticipated project delays or the timing of project bids, awards, commencements, ramp-up activities and completions. We anticipate that we will continue to win our share of significant new project awards resulting from long-term, well-funded capital spending plans by state, local and federal customers, as well as limited competition for some of the largest project opportunities.
In elections over the past several years,decade, voters in numerous44 states have approved dozens85% of long-term transportation fundingnearly 3,000 state and local ballot measures, totaling approximately $200raising an estimated $342 billion in long-term funding.new and renewed revenue funding for transportation investments. The largest of these was in Los Angeles County, where Measure M, a half-cent sales tax increase, was approved in 2016 and is expected to generate $120 billion of funding over 40 years. In addition, California's Senate Bill 1, which was signed into law in 2017,Funding from this measure is providing an averagesupporting and is expected to continue to support several of $5.4 billion annually through 2027 for various transportation, mass-transitthe Company’s current and bridgeprospective projects. InterestDespite numerous increases since March 2022, interest rates have remained near historically loware still at levels which may bethat we believe are conducive to continued and potentially increased, spending on certain types of projects that have strong end-market demand with adequate available funding, such as mass transit, transportation, bridges, and health care, educational, and correctional and detention facilities, among others. Many economists believe that interest rates will begin falling sometime during 2024. Lower interest rates would likely support additional demand for continued infrastructure spending. In contrast, should interest rates climb further, they could reach levels that may negatively impact demand, especially for certain types of Building segment projects if borrowing rates remain at relatively low levels following anticipated interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve in 2022.that tend to be more economically sensitive, such as commercial offices and tenant improvement projects.
As discussed above, the IIJAThe BIL was enacted into law onin November 15, 2021, and it provides for $1.2 trillion of federal infrastructure funding, including $550 billion in new spending for improvements to the country’s surface-transportation network and enhancements to core infrastructure. The IIJA markslaw initiated the largest federal investment in public transit ever, the single largest dedicated bridge investment since the construction of the interstate highway system and the largest federal investment in passenger rail since the creation of Amtrak, all in addition to providing for regular annual spending for numerous infrastructure projects. This significant incremental funding is anticipated to be spent over the next 10 years, and much of it will be investedis allocated for investment in end markets that are directly aligned with the Company’s market focus. Accordingly, the Company believes that this significant level of sustained, incremental funding has benefited, and will continue to favorably impact, the Company’s current work and prospective opportunities over the next decade.
The Company has certain large Civil segment projects in the Northeast that completed or were nearing completion in 2021. The Company is pursuing several large prospective projects on the West Coast, in the Northeast and in Guam that are expected to be bid and/or awarded in 2022 and 2023. However, the timing and magnitude
For a more detailed discussion of operating performance of each business segment, corporate general and administrative expenses and other items, see Results of Segment Operations, Corporate, Tax and Other Matters and Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
Results of Segment Operations
The results of our Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments are discussed below:
Civil Segment
Revenue and income from construction operations for the Civil segment are summarized as follows:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in millions) | (in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in millions) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Revenue | Revenue | $ | 2,095.8 | | | $ | 2,199.9 | |
| Income from construction operations | Income from construction operations | 266.2 | | | 245.8 | |
Revenue for 2021 decreased 5%2023 increased 9% compared to 2020. The decrease was2022, primarily due to the absence of certain prior-year unfavorable adjustments, as further discussed below, partially offset by the unfavorable impacts in 2023 from various project adjustments, also discussed below. In addition, revenue growth was also impacted by increased project execution activities on a mass-transit project in California and various projects in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, largely offset by reduced project execution activities on various completedthe tunneling portion of another mass-transit project in California that is substantially complete. Revenue for both years was also adversely impacted by the follow-on impacts of COVID-19, which delayed bidding activities and awards of certain new projects during 2020 and much of 2021 and continued to negatively impact revenue for both 2022 and 2023. Furthermore, revenue for both periods was adversely impacted by certain projects totaling more than $10.0 billion for which the Company was the low or nearly completedpreferred bidder but no contract was awarded over the last few years due to COVID-19-induced customer budget constraints, as well as the Company’s lack of success in its pursuit of certain large prospective Civil segment projects in the Northeast, partially offset by increased activities on various projects in California and Guam. Revenue for both 2020 and 2021 was reduced by the aforementioned COVID-19 impacts.second half of 2021.
Income from construction operations for 20212023 increased 8%$177.5 million compared to 2020. Despite2022. The change was favorably impacted by current-year net favorable adjustments totaling $19.0 million for a project on the modest revenue decline,West Coast, primarily resulting from the favorable impact of $58.1 million on the settlement of change orders and changes in estimates due to improved performance, partially offset by a temporary unfavorable non-cash impact of $40.7 million resulting from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders which increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. The change was also favorably impacted by contributions from higher volume from this project and the other projects discussed in the paragraph above. Also contributing to the favorable change was the absence of significant prior-year unfavorable adjustments including the temporary unfavorable impact of $38.8 million resulting from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on the same project on the West Coast (where the temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project); the $26.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to a completed highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling; the $25.5 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to the adverse legal judgment on a dispute related to a completed bridge project in New York; the $16.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed project in Maryland; the $13.1 million charge due to inefficiencies and cost overruns and the unfavorable non-cash settlement impact of $11.6 million, both related to another mass-transit project in California; and the $10.0 million non-cash impact related to an unfavorable adjustment resulting from an adverse legal decision on a mass-transit project in the Northeast. These prior-year unfavorable impacts were partially offset by a prior-year favorable project close-out adjustment of $12.7 million on a bridge project in the Midwest. In addition, income from construction operations increased primarily due to $29.0 million of favorablefor both 2023 and 2022 was similarly unfavorably impacted by adjustments on a mass‐transit project and $16.3 million of favorable adjustments on another mass-transit project, both reflecting improved profitability as a result of the negotiation and settlement of certain change orders in 2021. The increase was partially offset by a $13.3 million negative impact due to changes in estimates on the Civil segment’s portion of a completed transportation project in the Northeast primarily due to the settlement of certain change orders, changes in estimates due to recent negotiations and incremental cost incurred during project closeout ($14.2 million in 2023 and $15.7 million in 2022).
The favorable changes in income from construction operations described above were partially offset by a settlement in 2023 that impacted multiple components of a mass-transit project in California. This settlement included the resolution of certain ongoing disputes and increased the expected profit from work to be performed in the future. The settlement resulted in an unfavorable non-cash adjustment of $23.2 million to one component of the project that is nearing completion, partially offset by a charge andfavorable adjustment of $8.8 million on the temporary negativeother component of the project that has substantial scope of work remaining. The net unfavorable impact in 2023 from these two adjustments is expected to earningsbe mitigated by the increased profit generated from growthfuture work on the project. The change in unapproved change orders.income from construction operations was also adversely impacted by unfavorable
adjustments of $12.8 million on a completed highway project in Virginia due to changes in estimates that resulted from progress in the dispute resolution process.
Operating margin was 12.7%10.5% for 20212023 compared to 11.2%1.2% in 2020.2022. The increase in operating margin for 20212023 was primarily due to the factors discussed above that drove the increase in income from construction operations.
New awards in the Civil segment totaled $1.9$1.7 billion in 20212023 compared to $946 million$1.6 billion in 2020. As discussed earlier, the larger volume of2022. Significant new awards and contract adjustments in 2021 was primarily due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed the bidding and awards for various projects until 2021 and beyond. In spite of the improvement in new award activity in 2021, the level of new awards was negatively impacted by the Company’s lack of success in its pursuit of certain large Civil segment projects in the second half of 2021. New awards in 20212023 included $434 million for various Civil segment projects in the Midwest; more than $385$788 million of additional funding for certain mass-transit projects in California; the $220a $222 million I-70 Missouri River Bridge project; the $162 millionmilitary facilities project at Tinian International Airport aircraft parking apron and taxiway project in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; and a $122 million military range project and a $98 million military housing project, both in Guam. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant revenue shortfalls for many state and local government agencies since 2020, and could continue to cause deferrals or cancellations of certain new projects, depending on the allocation and prioritization of state and local funding, as well as the availability, timing and magnitude of anticipated funding from the federal government, including funding from the recently enacted IIJA.
New awards in 2020 included more than $732$127 million of additional funding for various mass-transit projects, the Company’s $121 million share of a joint-venture mass-transit project in Massachusetts, andMinnesota.
New awards in 2022 included $466 million of additional funding for a $64 million miningmass-transit project in Alabama.California; the $260 million Eagle Mountain - Woodfibre Gas Pipeline project in British Columbia, Canada; $118 million of additional funding for a mass-transit project in the Midwest; and several projects in Guam, including a $107 million military housing project, an $84 million wharf improvement project and two other military facilities projects valued at $73 million and $49 million.
Backlog for the Civil segment was $4.6$4.2 billion as of December 31, 2021, a modest decrease of 5%2023, down slightly compared to $4.8$4.4 billion as of December 31, 2020.2022. The segment continues to experience strong demand reflected in a large, multi-year pipeline of prospective projects, supported by substantial anticipated funding from various voter-approved transportation measures and the IIJA,BIL, and by public agencies’ long-term spending plans. The Civil segment is well-positioned to capture its share of these prospective projects.
Building Segment
Revenue and income (loss) from construction operations for the Building segment are summarized as follows:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in millions) | (in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in millions) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Revenue | Revenue | $ | 1,428.1 | | | $ | 1,984.6 | |
| Income from construction operations | 28.7 | | | 53.2 | |
| Income (loss) from construction operations | |
Revenue for 2021 decreased 28%2023 increased 5% compared to 2020, primarily due2022, with the growth driven by increased project execution activities on various projects in California and a detention facility project in New York, all with substantial scope of work remaining, mostly offset by the impact of the aforementioned unfavorable adjustment related to the adverse legal ruling on a completed mixed-use project in New York, and reduced project execution activities on certainsubstantially completed projects, including two commercial and industrial facilities in California and Oklahoma that are completed or nearing completion. Revenuetwo hospitality and gaming projects in Arkansas and California. As discussed above in Executive Overview, revenue for both years was adversely impacted by the follow-on impacts of COVID-19, which delayed certain project bids and awards in 2020 and 2021 was reduced by the aforementioned COVID-19 impacts.2021.
IncomeLoss from construction operations for 2021 decreased 46%2023 was $91.2 million compared to 2020,income from construction operations of $7.2 million for 2022. For 2023, the loss was primarily due to volume reductions mentioned above, as well asthe aforementioned unfavorable adjustment related to the adverse legal ruling on a $13.3completed mixed-use project in New York that resulted in a non-cash, pre-tax charge of $83.6 million, negativeof which $72.2 million impacted the Building segment and $11.4 million impacted the Specialty Contractors segment, and an unfavorable adjustment of $14.6 million on a government building project in Florida primarily due to increased costs associated with an external subcontractor. The impact of these unfavorable adjustments was partially offset by the absence of a prior-year unfavorable adjustment of $11.3 million related to an adverse legal decision on a hospitality project in Florida. In addition, income (loss) from construction operations for both 2023 and 2022 was similarly unfavorably impacted by adjustments due to changes in estimates on athe Building segment’s portion of the aforementioned completed transportation project in the Northeast that included a chargeprimarily due to the settlement of certain change orders, changes in estimates due to recent negotiations and the temporary negative impact to earnings from growthincremental cost incurred during project closeout ($14.2 million in unapproved change orders.2023 and $15.7 million in 2022).
Operating margin was 2.0%(7.0)% in 20212023 compared to 2.7%0.6% in 2020.2022. The decrease in operating margin was driven by the factors mentioned above that drove the lower revenue and income (loss) from construction operations.
New awards in the Building segment totaled $2.0$3.3 billion in 20212023 compared to $897 million$1.2 billion in 2020. The substantially increased level of2022. Significant new awards and contract adjustments in 2021 was due to delays of certain new awards in 2020 that resulted from impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. New awards in 20212023 included the Cedars-Sinai Marina del Rey Hospital in California (contract value was not publicly announced); the $471 million LAX Airport Metro Connector project; the $269 million Yountville Veterans Home in California; and the $152 million Santa Rosa Courthouse$2.95 billion Brooklyn Jail project in New York (which includes more than $630 million of electrical and mechanical subcontract work to be performed by the Specialty Contractors segment) and $287 million of additional funding for two large health care projects in California.
The proliferation of remote and hybrid work for many businesses that began during COVID-19, pandemicas well as weaker current economic conditions caused by inflation and higher interest rates, could continue to result in certain delayed or even canceled Building segment project opportunities.opportunities, particularly in the commercial office end market. However, other Building segment end markets, such as correctional and detention facilities, health care, education, industrial/manufacturing, and hospitality and gaming, continue to show strong demand for new and renovated facilities.
New awards in 20202022 included approximately $615$211 million of additional funding for various buildingtwo educational facility projects in CaliforniaCalifornia; a $126 million military facility project in Puerto Rico; a $95 million educational facility project in California; an $85 million military housing project in Alaska; and $271a $78 million for several government facilities projects nationwide.health care project in California.
Backlog for the Building segment was $2.3$4.2 billion as of December 31, 2021, an increase of 36%2023, up 88% compared to $1.7$2.2 billion as of December 31, 2020. The2022, with the increase waslargely driven by the heightened new award activityof the Brooklyn Jail project mentioned above. The Building segment continues to haveexperience strong customer demand as reflected by a large volume of prospective projects across various end markets and geographic locations. We expect demand to grow as economic conditions remain conducive to increased customer spending on new building facilities and renovations to existing buildings, supported by what has been and is expected to remain a favorable, relatively low interest rate environment despite the prospect of higher interest rates in 2022. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and could continue to result in, reduced demand for our building construction services.
Specialty Contractors Segment
Revenue and income (loss)loss from construction operations for the Specialty Contractors segment are summarized as follows:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in millions) | (in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in millions) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Revenue | Revenue | $ | 1,118.0 | | | $ | 1,134.2 | |
| Income (loss) from construction operations | (10.0) | | | 17.2 | |
| Loss from construction operations | |
Revenue for 2021 declined slightly2023 decreased 15% compared to 2020. Revenue for 2020 and 2021 was reduced by the aforementioned COVID-19 impacts.
Loss from construction operations for 2021 was $10.0 million compared to income from construction operations of $17.2 million for 2020. The change was2022, principally due to negative impacts of $19.0 million and $17.6 millionreduced project execution activities on the electrical and mechanical and electrical components respectively, of a completed transportation project in the Northeast, and $16.2 million on an electrical mass-transit project also inas well as the Northeast, all of which wereaforementioned unfavorable non-cash adjustments due to changes in estimates that included charges and/oron the temporary negative impact to earnings from growthelectrical and mechanical scope of this same project associated with changes in the expected recovery on certain unapproved change orders.orders resulting from ongoing negotiations and the adverse legal ruling on an educational facilities project in New York. The decreaseoverall revenue decline was partially offset by the absence of prior-year unfavorable adjustments on the same transportation project in the Northeast, a $20.1 million favorableprior-year unfavorable adjustment related to a legal judgment onan adverse appellate court decision involving the electrical component of a completed electricalmass-transit project in New York, as well as unfavorable adjustments on two separate mechanical projects in New York, discussed below. As discussed above in Executive Overview, operating results continue to be adversely impacted by the follow-on impacts of COVID-19, which delayed certain project bids and awards in 2020 and 2021, including projects that would have had considerable components of electrical and mechanical scope in the 2022 and 2023 periods had the projects been awarded and the Company won its share of such projects.
Loss from construction operations for 2023 was $144.8 million compared to $168.0 million for 2022, a decrease of $23.2 million. The reduced loss from construction operations was primarily due to the absence of the following largely offsetting items that hadcertain prior-year unfavorable adjustments, mostly offset by unfavorable adjustments in 2023. The unfavorable prior-year adjustments included a net negative impact$46.2 million unfavorable adjustment on the Company’s resultsaforementioned transportation project in 2020: a $25.7the Northeast related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies; the $43.2 million prior-year gain as a resultnon-cash impact from an unfavorable adjustment related to an adverse appellate court decision involving the electrical component of a favorable arbitration decision and subsequentcompleted mass-transit project in New York; a non-cash charge of $17.8 million that increased cost of operations associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York; the $11.3 million non-cash impact related to settlement of the related employment dispute, a $15.2 million prior-year unfavorable legal ruling pertaining tonegotiations on a mechanical project in CaliforniaNew York; and the $11.1 million unfavorable non-cash adjustment related to another mechanical project in New York. The impact from the absence of these prior-year adjustments was mostly offset by unfavorable adjustments in 2023 including $62.2 million of unfavorable non-cash adjustments due to changes in estimates on the electrical and mechanical scope of the above-mentioned completed transportation project in the Northeast associated with changes in the expected recovery on certain unapproved change orders resulting from ongoing negotiations; a $13.2non-cash charge of $24.7 million prior-year impacton the educational facilities project in New York that resulted from an adverse arbitration ruling related to another electricalcourt ruling; an unfavorable adjustment of $16.9 million on a multi-unit residential project in New York.York due to changes in estimates resulting from incremental costs to complete the project and ongoing negotiations on unapproved change orders; and a $9.4 million unfavorable adjustment due to a settlement on a completed mass-transit project in California.
Operating margin was (0.9)(20.9)% in 20212023 compared to 1.5%(20.7)% in 2020.2022. The decreasechange in operating margin was mainly attributable to the aforementioned factors that drove the lower incomeloss from construction operations.operations in 2023.
New awards in the Specialty Contractors segment totaled $631$1.1 billion in 2023 compared to $729.3 million in 2021 compared to $600 million in 2020. New2022. The most significant new awards in 2021 were mostly comprised2023 included more than $630 million of $370 million for various electrical and mechanical projectssubcontract work to be performed on the Brooklyn Jail project in New York; a $67 million communications systems integration project in New York; and the Northeast, and $260 million for variousCentral District Wastewater Treatment Plant electrical and mechanical projectsproject in Florida, Texas and California. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and could continue to result in, reduced demand from certain commercial and government customers that have been experiencing funding constraints.
New awards in 2020 included $286 million for various electrical projects in Texas, California and Florida, and $158 million for various electrical projects in New York.valued at more than $40 million.
Backlog for the Specialty Contractors segment was $1.4$1.7 billion as of December 31, 2021, a decrease of 26%2023, up 35% compared to $1.9$1.3 billion as of December 31, 2020. The decrease corresponds2022, with the reduction in Civil segment backlog, as certain large Civil segment projects that were not awarded toincrease largely driven by the Company would have included substantial amountssignificant amount of subcontract work for the Specialty Contractors segment. The decrease is also due to lower demand from certain customers, particularly in New York, that have experienced adverse budgetary impactsbooked as a resultpart of the COVID-19 pandemic and that have consequently delayed and/or reduced certain spending.Brooklyn Jail project mentioned above. The Specialty Contractors segment continues to be increasinglyprimarily focused on servicing the Company’s backlog ofcurrent and prospective large Civil and Building segment projects, but alsoparticularly in the Northeast and California. The segment remains well-positioned to capture its share of new projects, for external customers, leveraging the size and scale of our business units that operate in New York, Texas, Florida and California and the strong reputation held by these business units for high-quality work on large, complex projects.
Corporate, Tax and Other Matters
Corporate General and Administrative Expenses
Corporate general and administrative expenses were $58.0$75.2 million in 20212023 compared to $53.9$62.2 million in 2020.2022. The increase in corporate general and administrative expenses in 20212023 compared to 2022 was predominantlyprimarily due to higher travel-relatedcompensation-related expenses comparedincluding certain employee separation costs and higher salaries associated with additional headcount primarily due to 2020, whentransfers of employees to the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant travel reductions.corporate group, as well as increased outside professional fees.
Other Income, (Expense),Net, Interest Expense and Income Tax ExpenseBenefit
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in millions) | (in millions) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in millions) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Other income (expense) | $ | 2.0 | | | $ | (11.9) | |
| Other income, net | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (69.0) | | | (76.2) | |
| Income tax expense | (25.6) | | | (21.9) | |
| Income tax benefit | |
Net otherOther income, for 2021 was $2.0net increased by $10.5 million in 2023 compared to net other expense of $11.9 million for 2020. The improvement in 2021 was2022 primarily due to the absencea gain on sale of charges incurredproperty in 2020 related to the unfavorable resolutions of certain disputes pertaining to past business acquisitions, which were not material.2023.
Interest expense decreased $7.2increased $15.6 million in 20212023 compared to 2020.2022. The decreaseincrease in 20212023 compared to 2022 was primarilysubstantially due to higher interest rates on the absence of extinguishment costs recognizedTerm Loan B and the Revolver, as discussed below in 2020 related to debt refinancing.Liquidity and Capital Resources.
The effective income tax rate was 16.0%30.1% for 20212023 compared to 12.6%28.1% for 2020.2022. The 2021items that caused a higher effective income tax rate reflects an $8.2 million benefit relatedin 2023 as compared to a federal claim of right tax credit,2022 were primarily higher earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (for which resulted in a tax rate adjustment associated with an adverse 2019 jury verdict that rendered certain income recognized in 2016 to be uncollectible.
The effective income tax rate for 2020 primarily reflectedtaxes are not the favorable tax rate differential realized on the 2019 net operating loss (“NOL”) carryback. Under the CARES Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, the NOL generated in 2019 may be carried back up to five years, whereas under previous rules NOLs were only allowed to be carried forward. This allowed the Company to realize the benefitresponsibility of the tax rate differentialCompany), partially offset by carrying back the NOL to tax years whenlower state income taxes (net of the federal statutory tax rate was 35% rather than the current rate of 21%benefit). For a further discussion of income taxes, refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The effective income tax rates for 2021 and 2020 were unfavorably impacted by state income taxes and favorably impacted by earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests, for which income taxes are not the responsibility of the Company.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is provided by available cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, credit facilities and access to capital markets. We have a committed line of credit totaling $175 million, with sublimits for the issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans up to the aggregate amounts of $75.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively, which may be used for revolving loans, letters of credit and/or general purposes. We believe that cash generated from operations, along with our unused credit capacity of $148$175 million and available cash balances as of December 31, 2021,2023, will be sufficient to fund any working capital needs and debt maturities for the next 12 months and beyond, provided that we are not adversely impacted by unanticipated future events, including further impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed abovefurther in COVID-19 UpdateDebt. Liquidity has been, and could continue to be, adversely impacted by our inability to collect below. We generated a record operating cash due toflow in 2023 which was greater than the follow-on impacts of
COVID-19, which have constrained certain customers’ funding sources and delayed their ability to make payments on approved contract work. Asprevious record set in 2022, as discussed abovebelow in COVID-19 UpdateCash and Working Capital., the COVID-19 pandemic has delayed court and arbitration schedules and also hindered the Company’s ability to resolve unapproved work, which has largely contributed to an increase in CIE. We believe that the follow-on impacts of COVID-19 could be alleviated with the anticipated funding from the IIJA, as discussed above, and the relief of customers’ revenue and funding constraints as travel and commuting continue to resume, providing higher fare, toll and fuel tax revenue. Furthermore, the bottleneck of accumulated court and arbitration proceedings that grew during 2020 and 2021 due to the pandemic has recently begun to alleviate, although the timing of resolution and collection of amounts due to the Company related to such matters remains uncertain. We anticipate substantially improvedexpect strong operating cash generationflow to continue in 2022 compared to 2021, as a result of2024, based on projected cash collections, both from project execution activities and the resolution of variousadditional outstanding claims and unapproved change orders.orders, including COVID-19-related cost recoveries from certain customers. We expect to benefit from the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards to reduce our cash outflows for income taxes.
Cash and Working Capital
Cash and cash equivalents were $202.2$380.6 million as of December 31, 20212023 compared to $374.3$259.4 million as of December 31, 2020.2022. Cash immediately available for general corporate purposes was $60.2$145.1 million and $210.8$47.7 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, with the remainder being amounts held by our consolidated joint ventures and also our proportionate share of cash held by our unconsolidated joint ventures. Cash held by our joint ventures wasis available only for joint venture-related uses, including distributions to joint venture partners. In addition, our restricted cash and restricted investments totaled $93.6
$144.4 million as of December 31, 20212023 compared to $156.5$106.0 million as of December 31, 2020.2022. Restricted cash and restricted investments areat December 31, 2023 were primarily held to secure insurance-related contingent obligations. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2020 also included $69.9 million of cash held to repay the outstanding principal balance of the Convertible Notes, which were repaid at maturity on June 15, 2021 (see Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).obligations and deposits.
During the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, net cash used inprovided by operating activities was $148.5$308.5 million, compared to $207.0 million in 2022, representing an increase of $101.5 million. The operating cash flow for 2023 was the largest result for any year since the merger between Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Perini Corporation in 2008, exceeding the previous record achieved in 2022. The record operating cash flow in 2023 was primarily due primarily to a decrease in investments in project working capital partially offset by cash generated fromutilized by earnings sources. The increasedecrease in investments in project working capital in 2021was primarily reflectsdue to improved collection activity, as reflected by a decrease in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and accounts payable due to timing of payments to suppliers and subcontractorsreceivable, and an increase in CIE. The increasebillings in CIE was primarily due to the follow-on impactsexcess of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused delays in the negotiationcosts and resolution of certain claims and unapproved change orders (due to the postponement or deferrals of certain legal and arbitration proceedings and settlement discussions, which have recently begun to resume), and constrained customers’ revenue and funding sources, thereby limiting their budgetary discretion to pay the Company for changes approved in scope but for which pricing is pending. As discussed above, we expect the follow-on impacts of COVID-19 to ease as a result of anticipated funding from the IIJA and improved customer revenue and funding sources.estimated earnings (“BIE”). During the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $172.8$207.0 million primarily due primarily to cash generated from earnings sources,a decrease in investments in project working capital partially offset by investment in working capital.
cash utilized by earnings sources. The $321.3 million decrease in investments in project working capital was primarily due to improved collection activity, as reflected by a decrease in accounts receivable and an increase in BIE.
As noted above, cash provided byflow from operating activities increased $101.5 million when comparing 20212023 with 2020 substantially reflects an increased investment2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher collections in 2023 compared to 2022, as well as a larger decrease in investments in working capital principally as a result of a current-year decrease in accounts payable2023 compared to an increase in the prior year due to timing of payments to vendors and subcontractors, partially offset by a current-year decrease in retainage receivable compared to an increase in the prior year. Both periods generated significant cash from decreased investments in working capital as collection activities were strong in both 2023 and 2022, which included the positive impacts of collections associated with previously disputed matters.
During 2021 and 2020, we used $37.3 million and $46.4 million of cash from investing activities, respectively. The2023, net cash used in investing activities for 2021 and 2020was $78.2 million, which was primarily due to the acquisition of property and equipment for projects,(i.e., capital expenditures), which totaled $38.6$53.0 million, as well as net cash used in investment transactions of $35.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property and $54.8equipment of $10.1 million. During 2022, net cash used in investing activities was $65.6 million, respectively. The decrease in capital expenditures in 2021which was primarily due to higher capital expendituresthe acquisition of property and equipment of $59.8 million, as well as net cash used in 2020 related to project-specificinvestment transactions of $14.5 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment funded directly by our customers.of $8.6 million.
During 2021,2023, net cash used in financing activities was $54.7$109.4 million, which was primarily driven by net repayment of borrowings of $37.0$61.7 million and $22.7$46.5 million of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests, partially offset by $7.0$2.0 million of cash contributions from noncontrolling interests. During 2020,2022, net cash provided byused in financing activities was $123.3$78.9 million, which was primarily driven by increased net repayment of borrowings of $181.4$38.3 million partially offset by $48.5and $47.4 million of cash distributions to noncontrolling interests, and debt issuance costspartially offset by $8.7 million of $11.2 million.cash contributions from noncontrolling interests.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, we had working capital of $2.1$1.4 billion, a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 2.171.66 and a ratio of debt to equity of 0.590.70 compared to working capital of $1.8$1.7 billion, a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 1.801.87 and a ratio of debt to equity of 0.66 at December 31, 2020.
Debt
Summarized below are the key terms of our debt as of December 31, 2021.2023. For additional information, refer to Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, as applicable.
2020 Credit Agreement
On August 18, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and other lenders. The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $425.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”) and a $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolver”“Revolver”), with sublimitssub-limits for the issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans up to the aggregate amounts of $75.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively.
Subject to certain exceptions, at any time prior to maturity, the 2020 Credit Agreement provides the Company with the right to increase the commitments under the Revolver and/or to establish one or more term loan facilities in an aggregate amount up to (i) the greater of $173.5 million and 50% LTM EBITDA (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) plus (ii) additional amounts if (A) in the case of pari passu first lien secured indebtedness, the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) does not exceed 1.35:1.00, (B) in the case of junior lien secured indebtedness, the Total Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement (which is 5.95:1.00 for the year ended December 31, 2023), does not exceed 3.50:1.00, and (C) in the case of unsecured indebtedness, (x) the Total Net Leverage Ratio does not exceed 3.50:1.00 or (y) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) is no less than 2.00:1.00. The balances of indebtedness used in the calculations of the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio and the Total Net Leverage Ratio include offsets for cash and cash equivalents available for general corporate purposes.
The Term Loan B will mature on August 18, 2027, and the 2020 Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, in each case, unlessexcept that if any of the 2017 Senior Notes (defined below) remain outstanding beyond future dates specified below, the maturity of certain amounts of the Term Loan B will be accelerated (“spring-forward maturity”). As amended on December 20, 2023, the spring-forward maturity provisions are as follows: (i) if, on January 30, 2025, any of the 2017 Senior Notes remain outstanding, onthe maturity date for one tranche of the Term Loan B (representing 10.2% of the principal balance) shall be January 30, 2025 (which is 91 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes) and (ii) if on April 21, 2025, any of the 2017 Senior Notes remain outstanding, the maturity date for another tranche of the Term Loan B (representing 89.8% of the principal balance) shall be April 21, 2025 (which is 10 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), subject to certain further exceptions. The Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, unless any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on January 30, 2025, in which case bothany extensions of credit under the Revolver will mature and the commitments available under the Revolver will be reduced to zero, in each case, on January 30, 2025, subject to certain further exceptions.
The Company is working to refinance the 2017 Senior Notes and anticipates that it will complete a refinancing transaction by the end of April 2024. The Company expects the terms of any refinanced debt to include interest rates that are higher than those of its current issuances under the 2017 Senior Notes. The Company’s strong operating cash flow in 2023 and continuing robust cash collections in early 2024 have enabled it to begin utilizing some of its accumulated cash for debt reduction, as discussed below.
The 2020 Credit Agreement requires the Company to make prepayments on the Term Loan B in connection with certain asset sales, receipts of insurance proceeds, incurrences of certain indebtedness and annual excess cash flow (in each case, subject to certain customary exceptions). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, current maturities of long-term debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets included $91.0 million and $44.0 million, respectively, of principal on the Term Loan B, relating to the mandatory prepayment provision of the 2020 Credit Agreement in respect of annual excess cash flow. The $91.0 million principal prepayment, which was due by the first week of April 2024, was paid in February 2024, and the $44.0 million principal prepayment was made in April 2023. After the February 2024 prepayment, the Company still has significant cash available, which is anticipated to be used for further debt reduction in conjunction with the expected refinancing.
Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates, which have increased since the latter part of 2022 due to changes in market conditions that resulted in increases in the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (and the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) prior to the transition to SOFR), in the case of the Term Loan B, and the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, in the case of the Revolver. Effective May 2, 2023, the 2020 Credit Agreement was amended to transition the Company’s original LIBOR option in respect of the Term Loan B to Adjusted Term SOFR. The average borrowing rates on the Term Loan B and the Revolver will maturefor the year ended December 31, 2023 were approximately 10.1% and 11.8%, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the borrowing rates on January 30, 2025 (subject to certain further exceptions).the Term Loan B and the Revolver were 10.2% and 12.3%, respectively. For more information regarding the terms of our 2020 Credit Agreement, refer to Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The table below presents our actual and required first lien net leverage ratioFirst Lien Net Leverage Ratio under the 2020 Credit Agreement for the period, which is calculated on a rolling four-quarter basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trailing Four Fiscal Quarters Ended |
| December 31, 20212023 |
| Actual | | Required |
First lien net leverage ratioLien Net Leverage Ratio | 1.232.07 to 1.00 | | < or = 2.752.25 : 1.00 |
On October 31, 2022, the 2020 Credit Agreement was amended to increase the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level for certain fiscal quarters. On March 10, 2023, the 2020 Credit Agreement was further amended to set the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level to 3.50:1.00, effective the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, and
increasing to 3.75:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2023 and subsequently stepping down to 3.00:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023, 2.50:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023 and 2.25:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023 and each fiscal quarter thereafter. As of December 31, 2021,2023, we were in compliance and expect to continue to be in compliance with the covenants under the 2020 Credit Agreement.
Repurchase and Repayment of Convertible Notes
On June 15, 2016, the Company issued $200 million of 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes due June 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private placement offering. On August 19, 2020, the Company used proceeds from the Term Loan B to repurchase $130.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $132.4 million (including accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date). The Company repaid the remaining principal balance of the Convertible Notes at maturity on June 15, 2021 using proceeds from the Term Loan B, which were held in a restricted cash account for this purpose. None of the Convertible Notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
2017 Senior Notes
On April 20, 2017, the Company issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “2017 Senior Notes”) in a private placement offering. Interest on the 2017 Senior Notes is payable in arrears semi-annually in May and November of each year, beginning in November 2017.
Equipment Financing and Mortgages
The Company has certain loans entered into for the purchase of specific property, plant and equipment and secured by the assets purchased. The aggregate balance of equipment financing loans was approximately $41.7$26.4 million and $36.9$37.0 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, with interest rates ranging from 2.54% to 3.89%7.32% with equal monthly installment payments over periods up to five5 years. The aggregate balance of mortgage loans was approximately $14.6$8.4 million and $10.7$11.6 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, with interest rates rangingranging from a fixed 2.25% to LIBORSOFR plus 3%2.00% and equal monthly installment payments over periods up to 10 years, as well as one loan with a balloon payment of $6.8 million due in 2023.years.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 20212023 include:
•Debt obligations of $1.0 billion$910.7 million (of which $24.4 $117.4 million are due in 2022)2024) and interest payments of $259.5$151.3 million (of which $62.1$66.4 million are due in 2022)2024) based on rates in effect as of December 31, 2021.2023. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail of our debt and the timing of expected future principal and interest payments.
•Operating lease obligations of $102.9$97.2 million (of which $12.4$12.0 million are due in 2022) 2024). See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail of our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates are based on information available through the date of the issuance of the financial statements; accordingly, actual results in future periods could differ from these estimates. Significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements apply to the following critical accounting policies:
Method of Accounting for Contracts — Contract revenue is recognized over time using the cost-to-cost method which measures progress towards completion based on the ratio of contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated costs for each performance obligation. The estimates used in accounting for contracts with customers require judgment and assumptions regarding both future events and the evaluation of contingencies such as the impact of change orders, liability claims, other contract disputes, the achievement of contractual performance standards and potential variances in project schedule and costs. Changes to the total estimated contract cost, either due to unexpected events or revisions to management’s initial estimates, for a given project are recognized in the period in which they are determined.
In certain instances, we provide guaranteed completion dates and/or achievement of other performance criteria. Failure to meet schedule or performance guarantees could result in unrealized incentive fees and/or liquidated damages. In addition, depending on the type of contract, unexpected increases in contract cost may be unrecoverable, resulting in total cost exceeding revenue realized from the projects. The Company generally provides limited warranties for work performed, with warranty periods typically extending for a limited duration following substantial completion of the Company’s work on a project. Historically, warranty claims have not resulted in material costs incurred.
Claims arising from construction contracts have been made against the Company by customers, and the Company has made claims against customers for costs incurred in excess of current contract provisions. The Company recognizes revenue for claims as variable consideration in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts
with Customers (“ASC 606”). Assumptions as to the occurrence of future events and the likelihood and amount of variable consideration are made during the contract performance period. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Estimated amounts are only included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Back charges to suppliers or subcontractors are recognized as a reduction of cost when it is determined that recovery of such cost is probable and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Disputed back charges are recognized when the same requirements described above for variable consideration have been satisfied.
See Executive Overview and Results of Segment Operations sections for further discussion and quantification of material charges related to changes in estimates resulting from legal judgments or decisions, settlements and other project charges.
Construction Joint Ventures — Certain contracts are executed through joint ventures. The arrangements are often formed for the execution of single contracts or projects and allow the Company to share risks and secure specialty skills required for project execution.
In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”) the Company assesses its joint ventures at inception to determine if any meet the qualifications of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company considers a joint venture a VIE if either (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Upon the occurrence of certain events outlined in ASC 810, the Company reassesses its initial determination of whether the joint venture is a VIE.
The Company also evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of each VIE and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (a) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the entity and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company considers the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting
rights and board representation of the respective parties in determining whether it qualifies as the primary beneficiary. The Company also considers all parties that have direct or implicit variable interests when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary. When the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary, the VIE is consolidated. In accordance with ASC 810, management’s assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is performed continuously.
For construction joint ventures that do not need to be fully consolidated but qualify for the equity method of accounting, the Company accounts for its interest in the joint ventures using the proportionate consolidation method, whereby the Company’s proportionate share of the joint ventures’ assets, liabilities, revenue and cost of operations are included in the appropriate classifications in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. See Note 1(b) and Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding VIEs.
Recoverability of Goodwill — Goodwill represents the excess of amounts paid over the fair value of net assets acquired from an acquisition. In order to determine the amount of goodwill resulting from an acquisition, we perform an assessment to determine the value of the acquired company's tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities. In our assessment, we determine whether identifiable intangible assets exist, which typically include backlog, customer relationships and trade names.
We test goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 of each year. This test requires us to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit carrying goodwill using income and market approaches, and to compare the calculated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, which is equal to the reporting unit’s net assets. If the calculated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we recognize an impairment charge equal to the difference.
The impairment evaluation process requires assumptions that are subject to a high degree of judgment such as revenue growth rates, profitability levels, discount rates, industry market multiples and weighted-average cost of capital. Changes in these assumptions would impact the results of our impairment tests.
During interim periods, including those subsequent to the Company’s October 1 annual test date, we evaluate events and circumstances, including, but not limited to, an examination of macroeconomic conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance by each reporting unit, other relevant entity-specific events, and trends in the stock prices of our Company and
peers to determine if such factors indicate that it is likely that the goodwill for one or more of our reporting units is impaired, thus warranting the performance of a quantitative impairment test sooner than the fourth quarter of the year. The Company performed an interim impairment test as of June 1, 2019 and recognized a non-cash impairment loss totaling $379.9 million, which eliminated the carrying value of goodwill for the Building and Specialty Contractors reporting units. See Note 1(g) and Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the fourth quarter of 2021,2023, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and determined that goodwill was not impaired since the estimated fair value of the Civil reporting unit exceeded its net book value by a significant amount. As such,However, there is a risk of goodwill impairment if future events are less favorable than what we assumed or estimated in our impairment analysis.
The Company has considered relevant events and circumstances since the annual goodwill impairment test, including, but not limited to, an examination of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, cost factors, overall financial performance by each reporting unit, other relevant entity-specific events, and trends in the stock prices of the Company and its peers. In considering the totality of qualitative factors known as of the reporting date, we determined that no triggering events occurred or circumstances changed since our October 1, 20212023 annual test that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Civil reporting unit below its carrying amount. We will continue to monitor events occurring or circumstances changing which may suggest that goodwill should be reevaluated. These events and circumstances include, but are not limited to, changes in the overall financial performance of the Civil reporting unit impacts to our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well asand other quantitative and qualitative factors specific to the Civil reporting unit which indicate potential triggering events that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Civil reporting unit below its carrying amount.
New Accounting Pronouncements — For a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards and updates, see Note 1(p) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading, speculation or other purposes that would expose the Company to market risk. In the normal course of business, our results of operations are exposed to certain market risks, primarily associated with fluctuations in interest rates. Borrowings under our 2020 Credit Agreement and certain other debt obligations have variable interest rates subject to interest rate risk. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further
discussion of our 2020 Credit Agreement. We had approximately $453.9$373.5 million and $431.5$422.4 million of borrowings with variable interest rates as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. If short-term floating interest rates on these borrowings were to change by 0.50% and our variable indebtedness were to remain unchanged, interest expense would increase or decrease by approximately $2.3$1.9 million for the next twelve months.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Consolidated Financial Statements are set forth in Item 15 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures — An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined by Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 20212023 was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2021,2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in that they provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act were recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Our management, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). In designing and evaluating our system of internal control over financial reporting, we recognize that inherent limitations exist in any control system no matter how well designed and operated, and we can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In making this assessment, management utilized the criteria issued in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment,
management concluded that, as of December 31, 2021,2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting — There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting for the quarter ended December 31, 20212023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Tutor Perini Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Tutor Perini Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2022,28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 24, 202228, 2024
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.Trading Plans
During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item 10 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of 2021.2023 under the sections entitled Board of Directors, Information About the Board of Directors,Corporate Governance and Executive Officers.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive, principal financial and principal accounting officers. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website located at http://investors.tutorperini.com/corporate-governance/overview/default.aspx. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics granted to executive officers and directors, on the website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item 11 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of 2021.2023 under the sections entitled Executive Officers, Compensation Discussion and Analysis,Executive Compensation, Pay Versus Performance, CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure and Director Compensation.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Equity Compensation Plan Information for 20212023
As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company’s share-based compensation plan had outstanding securities and securities available to be awarded as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (b) | | (c) |
| (a) | | (b) | | (c) | |
| Plan category | Plan category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | | Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants and rights | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) | Plan category | | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | | Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants and rights | | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | 3,356,616 | | | $ | 20.11 | | | 1,243,070 | |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total | Total | | 3,356,616 | | | $ | 20.11 | | | 1,243,070 | |
Additional information required by this Item 12 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of 2021.2023 under the sections entitled Ownership of Common Stock by Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Shareholders.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item 13 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of 2021.2023 under the sections entitled Information About the Board of Directors, Corporate Governance and Certain Relationships andRelated Party Transactions.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item 14 is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of 2021.2023 under the section entitled Fees Paid to Audit Firm.
PART IV.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Tutor Perini Corporation and Subsidiaries
(a) List of Documents Filed as a Part of This Report.
1. Financial Statements:
Our Consolidated Financial StatementsBalance Sheets as of December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 and our Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flows, and Changes in Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20212023 and the Notes thereto, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) on those Consolidated Financial Statements are hereby filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, beginning on page F-1.
2. Financial Statement Schedules:
All consolidated financial statement schedules are omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and in the Notes thereto.
3. Exhibits:
See exhibits listed under Part (b) below.
(b) Exhibits.
EXHIBIT INDEX
The following designated exhibits are, as indicated below, either filed herewith or have heretofore been filed with the SEC under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and are referred to and incorporated herein by reference to such filings.
| | | | | |
| Exhibit 3. | Articles of Incorporation and By-laws |
| 3.1 | |
| 3.2 | |
| Exhibit 4. | Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders, Including Indentures |
| 4.1 | |
| 4.2 | |
| 4.3 | |
| 4.4 | |
| 4.5 | |
| 4.6 | |
| 4.7 | |
| Exhibit 10. | Material Contracts |
10.1* | |
10.2* | |
| | | | | |
10.3* | |
10.4* | |
10.5* | |
10.6* | |
10.7* | |
10.8* | |
10.9* | |
10.10 | |
10.11 | |
10.12 | |
10.13 | |
10.14 | |
10.15 | |
10.16 | |
10.17 | |
10.18 | |
10.19 | |
10.20* | |
10.21* | |
10.22* | |
10.23* | |
10.24* | |
10.25* | |
10.26* | |
| | | | | |
| 10.3 | |
| 10.4 | |
| 10.5 | |
| 10.6 | |
| 10.7 | |
| 10.8 | |
| 10.9 | |
| 10.10 | |
| 10.11 | |
| 10.12 | |
| 10.13 | |
| 10.14 | |
| 10.15 | |
| 10.16 | |
| 10.17* | |
| 10.18* | |
| 10.19* | |
| 10.20* | |
| 10.21* | |
| 10.22* | |
| 10.23* | |
| 10.24* | |
| 10.25* | |
| 10.26* | |
| 10.27* | |
| | | | | |
| 10.28* | |
| 10.29* | |
| 10.30* | |
| 10.31* | |
| 10.32* | |
| 10.33* | |
| 10.34* | |
| 10.35* | |
| Exhibit 21 | |
| Exhibit 23 | |
| Exhibit 24 | |
| Exhibit 31.1 | |
| Exhibit 31.2 | |
| Exhibit 32.1 | |
| Exhibit 32.2 | |
| Exhibit 95 | |
| Exhibit 97 | |
| Exhibit 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
| Exhibit 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| Exhibit 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
| Exhibit 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
| Exhibit 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
| Exhibit 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
| Exhibit 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021,2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101). |
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | | | | |
| Tutor Perini Corporation |
| (Registrant) |
| |
Date: February 24, 202228, 2024 | By: | /s/ Gary G. SmalleyRyan J. Soroka |
| Gary G. SmalleyRyan J. Soroka |
| ExecutiveSenior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Signature | | Title | | Date |
| | | | |
= Principal Executive Officer and Director | | | | |
| | | | |
| /s/ Ronald N. Tutor | | | | |
| Ronald N. Tutor | | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | | February 24, 202228, 2024 |
| | | | |
=l Principal Financial Officer
| | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Gary G. Smalley | | | | |
Gary G. Smalley | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | | February 24, 2022 |
| | | | |
= Principal Accounting Officer
| | | | |
| | | | |
| /s/ Ryan J. Soroka | | | | |
| Ryan J. Soroka | | Senior Vice President and Chief AccountingFinancial Officer | | February 24, 202228, 2024 |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
= Other Directors | | |
| | |
| Peter Arkley | ) | |
| Jigisha Desai | ) | |
| Sidney J. Feltenstein | ) | |
Michael F. Horodniceanu | ) | /s/ Gary G. Smalley |
| Michael R. Klein | ) | Gary G. Smalley/s/ Ryan J. Soroka |
| Robert C. Lieber | ) | Ryan J. Soroka |
| Dennis D. Oklak | ) | Attorney in Fact |
Dennis D. Oklak | ) | |
| Raymond R. Oneglia | ) | |
| Dale A. Reiss | ) | |
Dickran M. Tevrizian, Jr. | ) | Dated: February 24, 202228, 2024 |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | | | | |
| |
| Page |
| Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Tutor Perini Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tutor Perini Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021,2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2022,28, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Revenue, Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets and Liabilities — Accounting for Construction Contracts – Refer to Notes 1, 3, 4, and 8 to the consolidated financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company recognizes revenue for construction contracts over the contract term (“over time”) as construction work progresses. The accounting for these contracts involves judgment, particularly as it relates to the process of determining total estimated revenue (transaction price) and estimating total costs to be incurred at contract completion. Costs of operations are typically recognized as incurred, and the Company’s revenues, including estimated profits, are recorded proportionately as costs are incurred based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion for the respective performance obligations. Assumptions as to the occurrence of future events and the likelihood and amount of variable consideration, including the impact of change orders, claims, contract disputes and the achievement of contractual performance criteria, and award or other incentive fees are made during the contract performance period (collectively referred to as “variable consideration”). The Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount it expects to receive and includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Also, the Company often engages subcontractors, suppliers, or vendors, to provide underlying materials or services, or a combination of both. Judgment
is involved in determining estimated recoveries from disputes regarding performance under these contracts (“back charges”), which are a reduction in costs and are recorded as a receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.
Given the significant judgment necessary to account for the Company’s construction contracts including the use of estimates, such as total estimated revenue, total costs to be incurred at contract completion, variable consideration and back charges, which are complex and subject to many variables, auditing the corresponding balances and related accounting estimates required extensive audit effort due to the complexity of these estimates, and a high degree of auditor judgment when performing audit procedures and evaluating the results of those procedures.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to management’s estimates and judgments included within the Company’s total estimated revenues, total costs to be incurred at contract completion, variable consideration, and back charges included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over revenues, including those over the determination of estimated costs at completion of the contract, total estimated revenue (including the estimated percentage of completion), variable consideration (including significant change orders and claims), and back charges.
•We selected a sample of construction contracts and performed the following:
◦Compared the total estimated revenue (transaction price), including estimated variable consideration, to the consideration expected to be received based on current rights and obligations under the contracts and any modifications that were agreed upon with the customers.
◦We evaluated the reasonableness of the estimated variable consideration by 1) evaluating the information supporting management’s judgment as to the cause and contractual rights and 2) testing the accuracy of the identification of the underlying costs.
◦Tested the accuracy and completeness of costs incurred to date.
◦Evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimates of total cost and profit at completion for selected contracts by:
•Evaluating management’s ability to achieve the estimates of total cost and profit by performing corroborating inquiries with the Company’s project managers, and comparing the estimates to management’s work plans, engineering specifications, and supplier contracts.
•Comparing management’s estimates to supporting documents for those estimates, when applicable.
•Evaluating management’s ability to accurately estimate total costs and profits at completion by comparing actual costs and profits to management’s historical estimates for performance obligations that have been fulfilled.
•Evaluating trends on changes in estimates and obtaining evidence on timing and amounts supporting these changes in estimates.
◦Tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of revenue recognized.
•We evaluated selected quarter over quarter changes in contract profit estimates by obtaining explanations from the Company’s project managers regarding timing and amount and corroborating these inquiries by reading documents such as management work plans, customer communications, invoices, and supplier communications.
•Performed procedures on recorded back charges to evaluate the reasonableness of the estimated recovery by 1) evaluating the information supporting management’s judgment as to the cause and contractual rights and 2) testing the accuracy of the identification of the underlying costs.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 24, 202228, 2024
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per common share amounts) | (in thousands, except per common share amounts) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands, except per common share amounts) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| REVENUE | REVENUE | $ | 4,641,830 | | $ | 5,318,763 | | $ | 4,450,832 | |
| COST OF OPERATIONS | COST OF OPERATIONS | (4,175,439) | | (4,832,610) | | (4,209,060) | |
| GROSS PROFIT | GROSS PROFIT | 466,391 | | 486,153 | | 241,772 | |
| General and administrative expenses | General and administrative expenses | (239,587) | | (223,809) | | (226,916) | |
| Goodwill impairment | — | | — | | (379,863) | |
| | INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS | INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS | 226,804 | | 262,344 | | (365,007) | |
| Other income (expense) | 2,004 | | (11,853) | | 6,667 | |
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS | |
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS | |
| Other income, net | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (69,026) | | (76,212) | | (67,494) | |
| INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 159,782 | | 174,279 | | (425,834) | |
| Income tax (expense) benefit | Income tax (expense) benefit | (25,632) | | (21,942) | | 65,609 | |
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | NET INCOME (LOSS) | 134,150 | | 152,337 | | (360,225) | |
| LESS: NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | LESS: NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 42,225 | | 43,943 | | 27,465 | |
| NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | $ | 91,925 | | $ | 108,394 | | $ | (387,690) | |
| BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | $ | 1.80 | | $ | 2.14 | | $ | (7.72) | |
| DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | $ | 1.79 | | $ | 2.12 | | $ | (7.72) | |
| WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | |
| BASIC | BASIC | 51,017 | | 50,656 | | 50,220 | |
| BASIC | |
| BASIC | |
| DILUTED | DILUTED | 51,369 | | 51,077 | | 50,220 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| NET INCOME (LOSS) | NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 134,150 | | $ | 152,337 | | $ | (360,225) | |
| | OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | 6,221 | | (6,261) | | 844 | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | Foreign currency translation adjustments | (325) | | 279 | | 1,337 | |
| Unrealized gain (loss) in fair value of investments | Unrealized gain (loss) in fair value of investments | (2,650) | | 1,571 | | 1,561 | |
| TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX | TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX | 3,246 | | (4,411) | | 3,742 | |
| | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | 137,396 | | 147,926 | | (356,483) | |
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | |
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | |
| LESS: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | LESS: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 42,365 | | 44,173 | | 27,858 | |
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | $ | 95,031 | | $ | 103,753 | | $ | (384,341) | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | 2021 | 2020 | (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | 2023 | 2022 |
| ASSETS | ASSETS | ASSETS |
| CURRENT ASSETS: | CURRENT ASSETS: | |
| Cash and cash equivalents ($102,679 and $105,735 related to VIEs) | $ | 202,197 | | $ | 374,289 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents ($173,118 and $168,408 related to VIEs) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents ($173,118 and $168,408 related to VIEs) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents ($173,118 and $168,408 related to VIEs) | |
| Restricted cash | Restricted cash | 9,199 | | 77,563 | |
| Restricted investments | Restricted investments | 84,355 | | 78,912 | |
| Accounts receivable ($116,415 and $86,012 related to VIEs) | 1,454,319 | | 1,415,063 | |
| Retainage receivable ($162,259 and $122,335 related to VIEs) | 568,881 | | 648,441 | |
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings ($143,105 and $39,846 related to VIEs) | 1,356,768 | | 1,236,734 | |
| Other current assets ($43,718 and $51,746 related to VIEs) | 186,773 | | 249,455 | |
| Accounts receivable ($84,014 and $54,040 related to VIEs) | |
| Retention receivable ($161,187 and $187,615 related to VIEs) | |
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings ($58,089 and $83,911 related to VIEs) | |
| Other current assets ($26,725 and $33,340 related to VIEs) | |
| Total current assets | Total current assets | 3,862,492 | | 4,080,457 | |
| PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: | PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: | |
| Land | |
| Land | |
| Land | Land | 40,175 | | 44,167 | |
| Building and improvements | Building and improvements | 116,146 | | 116,422 | |
| Construction equipment | Construction equipment | 580,909 | | 570,675 | |
| Other equipment | Other equipment | 175,832 | | 192,247 | |
| 913,062 | | 923,511 | |
| 975,462 | |
| Less accumulated depreciation | Less accumulated depreciation | (483,417) | | (434,294) | |
| Total property and equipment, net ($2,203 and $12,840 related to VIEs) | 429,645 | | 489,217 | |
| Total property and equipment, net ($35,135 and $22,133 related to VIEs) | |
| GOODWILL | GOODWILL | 205,143 | | 205,143 | |
| INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | 85,068 | | 123,115 | |
| DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | |
| OTHER ASSETS | OTHER ASSETS | 142,550 | | 147,685 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS | TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 4,724,898 | | $ | 5,045,617 | |
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | CURRENT LIABILITIES: | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs totaling $0 and $2,040 | $ | 24,406 | | $ | 100,188 | |
| Accounts payable ($96,097 and $116,461 related to VIEs) | 512,056 | | 794,611 | |
| Retainage payable ($37,007 and $26,439 related to VIEs) | 268,945 | | 315,135 | |
| Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings ($355,270 and $362,427 related to VIEs) | 761,689 | | 839,222 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ($8,566 and $9,595 related to VIEs) | 210,017 | | 215,207 | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | |
| Accounts payable ($24,160 and $36,484 related to VIEs) | |
| Retention payable ($22,841 and $44,859 related to VIEs) | |
| Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings ($439,759 and $480,839 related to VIEs) | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ($18,206 and $5,082 related to VIEs) | |
| Total current liabilities | Total current liabilities | 1,777,113 | | 2,264,363 | |
LONG-TERM DEBT, less current maturities, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs totaling $17,109 and $20,209 | 969,248 | | 925,277 | |
LONG-TERM DEBT, less current maturities, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs totaling $11,000 and $13,980 | |
| DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 70,989 | | 82,966 | |
| OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | 233,828 | | 230,066 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | TOTAL LIABILITIES | 3,051,178 | | 3,502,672 | |
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8) | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8) | 0 | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8) | |
| EQUITY | EQUITY | |
| Stockholders' equity: | Stockholders' equity: | |
| Stockholders' equity: | |
| Stockholders' equity: | |
| Preferred stock – authorized 1,000,000 shares ($1 par value), none issued | Preferred stock – authorized 1,000,000 shares ($1 par value), none issued | — | | — | |
| Common stock – authorized 112,500,000 shares ($1 par value), issued and outstanding 51,095,706 and 50,827,205 shares | 51,096 | | 50,827 | |
| Preferred stock – authorized 1,000,000 shares ($1 par value), none issued | |
| Preferred stock – authorized 1,000,000 shares ($1 par value), none issued | |
| Common stock – authorized 112,500,000 shares ($1 par value), issued and outstanding 52,025,497 and 51,521,336 shares | |
| Additional paid-in capital | Additional paid-in capital | 1,133,150 | | 1,127,385 | |
| Retained earnings | Retained earnings | 514,310 | | 422,385 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (43,635) | | (46,741) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | Total stockholders' equity | 1,654,921 | | 1,553,856 | |
| Noncontrolling interests | Noncontrolling interests | 18,799 | | (10,911) | |
| TOTAL EQUITY | TOTAL EQUITY | 1,673,720 | | 1,542,945 | |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 4,724,898 | | $ | 5,045,617 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | |
| Net income (loss) | Net income (loss) | $ | 134,150 | | $ | 152,337 | | $ | (360,225) | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |
| Goodwill impairment | — | | — | | 379,863 | |
| | Depreciation | |
| | Depreciation | |
| | Depreciation | Depreciation | 82,732 | | 74,879 | | 58,818 | |
| Amortization of intangible assets | Amortization of intangible assets | 35,497 | | 32,155 | | 6,226 | |
| Share-based compensation expense | Share-based compensation expense | 11,642 | | 11,833 | | 19,143 | |
| Change in debt discounts and deferred debt issuance costs | Change in debt discounts and deferred debt issuance costs | 5,756 | | 20,153 | | 13,207 | |
| Deferred income taxes | Deferred income taxes | (13,887) | | 48,253 | | (71,609) | |
| Gain on remeasurement of investment in joint venture | — | | — | | (37,792) | |
| | (Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment | (Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment | 2,639 | | (1,673) | | (4,688) | |
| Changes in other components of working capital, net of balances acquired | (422,227) | | (169,976) | | 131,257 | |
| (Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment | |
| (Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment | |
| Changes in other components of working capital | |
| Other long-term liabilities | Other long-term liabilities | 14,766 | | 4,352 | | 1,863 | |
| Other, net | Other, net | 478 | | 459 | | 467 | |
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES | NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES | (148,454) | | 172,772 | | 136,530 | |
| | Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |
| Business acquisition, cash balance acquired net of cash paid | — | | — | | 6,607 | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | |
| | Acquisition of property and equipment | |
| | Acquisition of property and equipment | |
| | Acquisition of property and equipment | Acquisition of property and equipment | (38,594) | | (54,781) | | (84,196) | |
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 7,245 | | 14,550 | | 12,581 | |
| Investments in securities | Investments in securities | (30,761) | | (31,331) | | (35,167) | |
| Proceeds from maturities and sales of investments in securities | Proceeds from maturities and sales of investments in securities | 24,771 | | 25,204 | | 24,120 | |
| NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (37,339) | | (46,358) | | (76,055) | |
| | Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | |
| Proceeds from debt | |
| Proceeds from debt | |
| Proceeds from debt | Proceeds from debt | 740,743 | | 1,301,282 | | 931,594 | |
| Repayment of debt | Repayment of debt | (777,762) | | (1,119,887) | | (870,277) | |
| | Cash payments related to share-based compensation | Cash payments related to share-based compensation | (1,989) | | (1,397) | | (2,363) | |
| Cash payments related to share-based compensation | |
| Cash payments related to share-based compensation | |
| Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests | Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests | (22,655) | | (48,467) | | (46,500) | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 7,000 | | 3,000 | | 9,813 | |
| Debt issuance, extinguishment and modification costs | Debt issuance, extinguishment and modification costs | — | | (11,194) | | (504) | |
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (54,663) | | 123,337 | | 21,763 | |
| NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |
| | Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (240,456) | | 249,751 | | 82,238 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | 451,852 | | 202,101 | | 119,863 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year | $ | 211,396 | | $ | 451,852 | | $ | 202,101 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| | (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Common
Stock | Additional
Paid-in
Capital | Retained
Earnings | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | Noncontrolling
Interests | Total | (in thousands) | Common
Stock | Additional
Paid-in
Capital | Retained
Earnings | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss | Noncontrolling
Interests | Total |
| Balance - December 31, 2018 | $ | 50,026 | | $ | 1,102,919 | | $ | 701,681 | | $ | (45,449) | | $ | (21,288) | | $ | 1,787,889 | |
| Net income (loss) | — | | — | | (387,690) | | — | | 27,465 | | (360,225) | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | — | | — | | 3,349 | | 393 | | 3,742 | |
| Share-based compensation | — | | 17,571 | | — | | — | | — | | 17,571 | |
| Issuance of common stock, net | 253 | | (2,518) | | — | | — | | — | | (2,265) | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | 9,813 | | 9,813 | |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | (46,500) | | (46,500) | |
| Recognized fair value of noncontrolling interest in joint venture upon consolidation | — | | — | | — | | — | | 20,500 | | 20,500 | |
| Balance - December 31, 2019 | $ | 50,279 | | $ | 1,117,972 | | $ | 313,991 | | $ | (42,100) | | $ | (9,617) | | $ | 1,430,525 | |
| Net income | — | | — | | 108,394 | | — | | 43,943 | | 152,337 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | | — | | — | | (4,641) | | 230 | | (4,411) | |
| Share-based compensation | — | | 11,928 | | — | | — | | — | | 11,928 | |
| Reacquisition of equity component from convertible note repurchase, net of taxes | — | | (764) | | — | | — | | — | | (764) | |
| Issuance of common stock, net | 548 | | (1,751) | | — | | — | | — | | (1,203) | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3,000 | | 3,000 | |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | (48,467) | | (48,467) | |
| Balance - December 31, 2020 | Balance - December 31, 2020 | $ | 50,827 | | $ | 1,127,385 | | $ | 422,385 | | $ | (46,741) | | $ | (10,911) | | $ | 1,542,945 | |
| Net income | Net income | — | | — | | 91,925 | | — | | 42,225 | | 134,150 | |
| Other comprehensive income | Other comprehensive income | — | | — | | — | | 3,106 | | 140 | | 3,246 | |
| Share-based compensation | Share-based compensation | — | | 8,848 | | — | | — | | — | | 8,848 | |
| Issuance of common stock, net | Issuance of common stock, net | 269 | | (3,083) | | — | | — | | — | | (2,814) | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | 10,000 | | 10,000 | |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | | — | | — | | — | | (22,655) | | (22,655) | |
| Balance - December 31, 2021 | Balance - December 31, 2021 | $ | 51,096 | | $ | 1,133,150 | | $ | 514,310 | | $ | (43,635) | | $ | 18,799 | | $ | 1,673,720 | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Other comprehensive loss | |
| Share-based compensation | |
| Issuance of common stock, net | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | |
| Balance - December 31, 2022 | |
| Net income (loss) | |
| Other comprehensive income | |
| Share-based compensation | |
| Issuance of common stock, net | |
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | |
| Balance - December 31, 2023 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Certain amounts in the notes to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
(b) Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tutor Perini Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). The Company occasionally forms joint ventures with unrelated third parties for the execution of single contracts or projects. The Company assesses its joint ventures to determine if they meet the qualifications of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). If a joint venture is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary, the joint venture is fully consolidated (See(see Note 13). If a joint venture is not a VIE, it may be consolidated under the voting interest method if the Company holds a controlling financial interest in the joint venture. The Company is considered to hold a controlling financial interest when it is able to exercise control over the joint venture’s operating and financial decisions. For construction joint ventures that do not need to be consolidated but qualify for the equity method of accounting, the Company accounts for its interest in the joint ventures using the proportionate consolidation method, whereby the Company’s proportionate share of the joint ventures’ assets, liabilities, revenue and cost of operations are included in the appropriate classifications in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. These estimates are based on information available through the date of the issuance of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates.
(d) Revenues
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue from long-term construction contracts with public and private customers primarily in the United States and its territories and in certain other international locations. The Company’s construction contracts are generally each accounted for as a single unit of account (i.e., as a single performance obligation).
Throughout the execution of construction contracts, the Company and its affiliated entities recognize revenue with the continuous transfer of control to the customer. The customer typically controls the asset under construction by either contractual termination clauses or by the Company’s rights to payment for work already performed on the asset under construction that does not have an alternative use for the Company.
Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized to the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligations. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost method for its contracts, which measures progress towards completion for each performance obligation based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion for the respective performance obligation. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Revenue, including estimated fees or profits, is recorded proportionately as costs are incurred. Cost of operations includes labor, materials, subcontractor costs, and other direct and indirect costs, including depreciation and amortization.
Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, estimating total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Assumptions as to the occurrence of future events and the likelihood and amount of variable consideration, including the impact of change orders, claims, contract disputes and the achievement of contractual performance criteria, and award or other incentive fees are made during the contract performance period. The Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount it expects to receive. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
receive. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Back charges to suppliers or subcontractors are recognized as a reduction of cost when it is determined that recovery of such cost is probable and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Disputed back charges are recognized when the same requirements described above for variable consideration have been satisfied.
Changes in Estimates on Construction Contracts
The Company’s estimates of contract revenue and cost are highly detailed and many factors change during a contract performance period that result in a change to contract profitability. These factors include, but are not limited to, differing site conditions; availability of skilled contract labor; performance of major material suppliers and subcontractors; on-going subcontractor negotiations and buyout provisions; unusual weather conditions; changes in the timing of scheduled work; change orders; accuracy of the original bid estimate; changes in estimated labor productivity and costs based on experience to date; achievement of incentive-based income targets; and the expected, or actual, resolution terms for claims. The factors that cause changes in estimates vary depending on the maturation of the project within its lifecycle. For example, in the ramp-up phase, these factors typically consist of revisions in anticipated project costs and during the peak and closeout phases, these factors include the impact of change orders and claims, as well as additional revisions in remaining anticipated project costs. Generally, if the contract is at an early stage of completion, the current period impact is smaller than if the same change in estimate is made to the contract at a later stage of completion. Management evaluates changes in estimates on a contract-by-contract basis and discloses significant changes, if material, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The cumulative catch-up method is used to account for revisions in estimates.
(e) Depreciation of Property and Equipment and Amortization of Long-Lived Intangible Assets
Property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets are generally depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to forty years.
(f) Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the future cash flows generated by the assets might be less than the assets’ net carrying value. In such circumstances, an impairment loss will be recognized by the amount the assets’ net carrying value exceeds their fair value.
(g) Recoverability of Goodwill
The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 for each reporting unit and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change which suggest that goodwill should be reevaluated. Such events or circumstances include significant changes in legal factors and business climate, recent losses at a reporting unit, and industry trends, among other factors. The Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments each represent a reporting unit, and the Civil reporting unit carried the remaining goodwill balance at December 31, 2021 as a result of the $379.9 million impairment loss recognized in 2019.2023. The Company performs its annual quantitative impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year using a weighted average of an income and a market approach. These approaches utilize various valuation assumptions, and small changes to the assumptions could have a significant impact on the concluded fair value. The income approach is based on the estimated present value of future cash flows for each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The market approach is based on assumptions about how market data relates to each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The weighting of these two approaches is based on their individual correlation to the economics of each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The annual quantitative assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 20212023 resulted in an estimated fair value that exceeded the net book value of the Civil reporting unit; therefore, no impairment charge was necessary.
(h) Recoverability of Non-Amortizable Trade Names
Certain trade names have an estimated indefinite life and are not amortized to earnings, but instead are reviewed for impairment annually, or more often if events occur or circumstances change which suggest that the non-amortizable trade names should be reevaluated. The Company performs its annual quantitative impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year using an income approach (relief from royalty method). The assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 20212023 resulted in an estimated fair value for the non-amortizable trade names that exceeded their respective net book values; therefore, no impairment charge was necessary.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(i) Income Taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect when such differences reverse. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not threshold to be recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the income tax provision.
(j) Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS are calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation by the following: for basic EPS, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period; and for diluted EPS, the sum of the weighted-average number of both outstanding common shares and potentially dilutive securities, which for the Company can include restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and unexercised stock options. Potentially dilutive securities also included the Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 7)previously outstanding convertible notes prior to their repayment on June 15, 2021; however, the Convertible Notesconvertible notes had no impact on diluted EPS. The Company calculates the effect of the potentially dilutive restricted stock unitsRSUs and stock options using the treasury stock method.
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per common share data) | (in thousands, except per common share data) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands, except per common share data) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | 91,925 | | $ | 108,394 | | $ | (387,690) | |
| | Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | 51,017 | | 50,656 | | 50,220 | |
| Effect of dilutive restricted stock units and stock options | 352 | | 421 | | — | |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | |
| Effect of dilutive RSUs and stock options | |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | 51,369 | | 51,077 | | 50,220 | |
| | Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: | Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: | |
| Basic | |
| Basic | |
| Basic | Basic | $ | 1.80 | | $ | 2.14 | | $ | (7.72) | |
| Diluted | Diluted | $ | 1.79 | | $ | 2.12 | | $ | (7.72) | |
| Anti-dilutive securities not included above | Anti-dilutive securities not included above | 1,892 | | 1,862 | | 3,640 | |
For the yearyears ended December 31, 2019,2023 and 2022, all outstanding restricted stock unitsRSUs and stock options were excluded from the calculation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, as the shares have an anti-dilutive effect due to the net loss for the period.periods.
(k) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 |
| Cash and cash equivalents available for general corporate purposes | Cash and cash equivalents available for general corporate purposes | $ | 60,192 | | $ | 210,841 | |
| Joint venture cash and cash equivalents | Joint venture cash and cash equivalents | 142,005 | | 163,448 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents | 202,197 | | 374,289 | |
| Restricted cash | Restricted cash | 9,199 | | 77,563 | |
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 211,396 | | $ | 451,852 | |
Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. Cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts available for the Company’s general purposes, the Company’s proportionate share of cash held by the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures and 100% of amounts held by the Company’s consolidated joint ventures. In both cases, cash held by joint ventures is available only for joint venture-related uses, including future distributions to joint venture partners.
Restricted cash primarily includes amounts primarily held as collateral to secure insurance-related contingent obligations, such as insurance claim deductibles, in lieu of letters of credit. As of December 31, 2020, restricted cash also included $69.9 million held to repay the outstanding principal balance of Convertible Notes, which matured and were repaid on June 15, 2021.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(l) Restricted Investments
The Company has investments consisting of 1) restricted investments primarily held as collateral to secure insurance-related contingent obligations, such as insurance claim deductibles, in lieu of letters of credit. Restrictedcredit and insurance-related deposits; and 2) investments in lieu of retention. Investments in lieu of retention are recorded as a component of retention receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company’s investments consist primarily comprised of investments indebt securities classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”), consisting of U.S. government agency securities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities that are rated A3 or better (see Note 12). The Company’s AFS debt securities are rated Arecorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of applicable taxes. Realized gains and losses from sales of AFS debt securities are included in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Management evaluated the unrealized losses in AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2023 and 32022 or better.to determine the existence of credit losses considering factors including credit ratings and other relevant information, which may indicate that contractual cash flows are not expected to occur. The results of this evaluation indicated that the unrealized losses on AFS debt securities are primarily attributable to market interest rate increases and not a deterioration in credit quality of the issuers. Based on the analysis, management determined that credit losses did not exist for AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
It is not considered likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before full recovery of the amortized cost basis of the AFS debt securities, which may be at maturity. As a result, the Company has not recognized any impairment losses in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(m) Share-Based Compensation
The Company’s long-term incentive plans allow the Company to grant share-based compensation awards in a variety of forms, including restricted stock units,RSUs, stock options, cash-settled performance stock units (“CPSUs”), unrestricted stock and unrestrictedcertain deferred cash awards (“DCAs”) that are indexed to the Company’s common stock.
Restricted stock unitsRSUs give the holder the right to exchange their stock units for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. These awards generally vest subject to service, performance or market conditions, with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period. The fair value of restricted stock unitsRSUs with service or performance-vesting conditions is generally based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Certain restricted stock unitsRSUs are classified as liabilities because they contain guaranteed minimum payouts.
Stock options give the holder the right to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock subsequent to the vesting date at a defined exercise price. A stock option exercise price must be equal to or greater than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award. The term for stock options is limited to 10 years from the award date. Stock options generally vest subject to certain service, performance or market conditions, with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period. The fair value of stock options with service or performance-vesting conditions is generally based on the Black-Scholes model.
CPSUs give the holder the right to exchange their stock units for cash based on the value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. These awardsDCAs entitle the holder to a cash payment based on the value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. CPSUs vest upon satisfaction of market or performance conditions and DCAs vest subject to servicea service-based condition. CPSUs and market or performance conditions. CPSUsDCAs are classified as liability awards and are remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings. The fair value of DCAs and performance-based CPSUs is generally based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE at the measurement date. The fair value of the performance-based CPSUs is also adjusted for expected achievement of performance conditions. Since CPSUs and DCAs are settled in cash and no shares are issued, these awards do not dilute equity.
Certain restricted stock unit,RSU, stock option and CPSU awards contain market condition components tied to the Company’s total shareholder return in relation to its peer companies, as calculated over a multi-year performance period (“TSR awards”).The. CPSU awards may also contain a market condition component tied to the annualized growth in price of the Company’s common stock over a multi-year performance period. The fair value of thethese market-based awards is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Significant assumptions used in this simulation model include the Company’s expected volatility, a risk-free rate based
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
on U.S. Treasury yield curve rates with maturities consistent with the performance period, and, specifically pertaining to TSR awards, the volatilities for each of the Company’s peers.
Unrestricted stock awards vest immediatelyare fully vested upon grantissuance with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value of unrestricted stock is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE.
For all awards with only a service-based vesting condition, the Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence, rather than estimating the probability of forfeiture at the date of grant. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the full grant-date fair value of these awards on a straight-line basis throughout the requisite service period, reversing any expense if, and only if, there is a forfeiture.
For all awards that have a performance-based vesting condition, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving the performance criteria quarterly throughout the performance period and will adjust share-based compensation expense if it estimates that the achievement of the performance criteria is not probable. In addition, liability awards with a performance-based vesting condition are remeasured at fair value at each reporting period and the compensation expense is adjusted accordingly.
For equity awards with a market-based vesting condition, compensation expense is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied, provided that the requisite service period has been completed. Conversely, liability awards with market-based vesting requirements are remeasured at fair value at each reporting period using a Monte Carlo simulation model and the compensation expense is adjusted accordingly.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(n) Insurance Liabilities
The Company typically utilizes third-party insurance coverage subject to varying deductible levels with aggregate caps on losses retained. The Company assumes the risk for the amount of the deductible portion of the losses and liabilities primarily associated with workers’ compensation and general liability coverage. In addition, on certain projects, the Company assumes the risk for the amount of the deductible portion of losses that arise from any subcontractor defaults. Losses are accrued based upon the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using historical experience and certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry. The estimate of insurance liability within the deductible limits includes an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on data compiled from historical experience.
(o) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in the consolidated financial statements. The Company reports the change in pension benefit plan assets/liabilities, cumulative foreign currency translation, and change in fair valuethe unrealized gain (loss) of investments as components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”).AOCI.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| (in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | $ | 8,665 | | $ | (2,444) | | $ | 6,221 | | | $ | (8,700) | | $ | 2,439 | | $ | (6,261) | | | $ | 1,180 | | $ | (336) | | $ | 844 | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (508) | | 183 | | (325) | | | 178 | | 101 | | 279 | | | 1,867 | | (530) | | 1,337 | |
| Unrealized gain (loss) in fair value of investments | (3,440) | | 790 | | (2,650) | | | 2,015 | | (444) | | 1,571 | | | 1,982 | | (421) | | 1,561 | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,717 | | $ | (1,471) | | $ | 3,246 | | | $ | (6,507) | | $ | 2,096 | | $ | (4,411) | | | $ | 5,029 | | $ | (1,287) | | $ | 3,742 | |
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(a) | 140 | | — | | 140 | | | 230 | | — | | 230 | | | 393 | | — | | 393 | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | 4,577 | | $ | (1,471) | | $ | 3,106 | | | $ | (6,737) | | $ | 2,096 | | $ | (4,641) | | | $ | 4,636 | | $ | (1,287) | | $ | 3,349 | |
(a)The only component of other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests is foreign currency translation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | $ | 4,477 | | $ | (1,194) | | $ | 3,283 | | | $ | 7,230 | | $ | (2,001) | | $ | 5,229 | | | $ | 8,665 | | $ | (2,444) | | $ | 6,221 | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 961 | | (126) | | 835 | | | (3,351) | | 556 | | (2,795) | | | (508) | | 183 | | (325) | |
| Unrealized gain (loss) in fair value of investments | 5,206 | | (1,075) | | 4,131 | | | (10,219) | | 2,111 | | (8,108) | | | (3,440) | | 790 | | (2,650) | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 10,644 | | $ | (2,395) | | $ | 8,249 | | | $ | (6,340) | | $ | 666 | | $ | (5,674) | | | $ | 4,717 | | $ | (1,471) | | $ | 3,246 | |
| Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 999 | | — | | 999 | | | (2,272) | | — | | (2,272) | | | 140 | | — | | 140 | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | 9,645 | | $ | (2,395) | | $ | 7,250 | | | $ | (4,068) | | $ | 666 | | $ | (3,402) | | | $ | 4,577 | | $ | (1,471) | | $ | 3,106 | |
The changes in AOCI balances by component (after tax) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation and noncontrolling interests during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 were as follows:
| | (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair
Value of Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) | (in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair
Value of Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) |
| Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: | Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | (38,670) | | $ | (6,315) | | $ | (464) | | $ | (45,449) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (539) | | 944 | | 1,621 | | 2,026 | |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,383 | | — | | (60) | | 1,323 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | (37,826) | | $ | (5,371) | | $ | 1,097 | | $ | (42,100) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (7,993) | | 49 | | 1,820 | | (6,124) | |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,732 | | — | | (249) | | 1,483 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | (44,087) | | $ | (5,322) | | $ | 2,668 | | $ | (46,741) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 4,167 | | (465) | | (2,372) | | 1,330 | |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 2,054 | | — | | (278) | | 1,776 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (37,866) | | $ | (5,787) | | $ | 18 | | $ | (43,635) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | |
| Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) |
| Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: | | | | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | — | | $ | 402 | | $ | — | | $ | 402 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | 140 | | — | | 140 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | — | | $ | 542 | | $ | — | | $ | 542 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | (1,341) | | (931) | | (2,272) | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | — | | $ | (799) | | $ | (931) | | $ | (1,730) | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | 487 | | 512 | | 999 | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | — | | $ | (312) | | $ | (419) | | $ | (731) | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The significant items reclassified out of AOCI and the corresponding location and impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 are as follows:
| | Location in Consolidated | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Statements of Operations | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Component of AOCI: | Component of AOCI: | |
| Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | Other income (expense) | $ | 2,861 | | $ | 2,407 | | $ | 1,933 | |
| Income tax benefit | Income tax expense (benefit) | (807) | | (675) | | (550) | |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments(a) | |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments(a) | |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments(a) | |
Income tax benefit(b) | |
| Net of tax | Net of tax | | $ | 2,054 | | $ | 1,732 | | $ | 1,383 | |
| | Unrealized gain in fair value of investment adjustments | Other income (expense) | $ | (352) | | $ | (315) | | $ | (76) | |
| Income tax expense | Income tax expense (benefit) | 74 | | 66 | | 16 | |
Unrealized (gain) loss in fair value of investment adjustments(a) | |
Unrealized (gain) loss in fair value of investment adjustments(a) | |
Unrealized (gain) loss in fair value of investment adjustments(a) | |
Income tax expense (benefit)(b) | |
| Net of tax | Net of tax | | $ | (278) | | $ | (249) | | $ | (60) | |
(a)Amount included in other income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b)Amounts included in income tax (expense) benefit on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(p) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019,November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12,2023-07, Simplifying the Accounting for Income TaxesSegment Reporting (“Topic 280”): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2019-12”2023-07”), modifying Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740,which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on the consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (“Topic 740”): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASC 740”ASU 2023-09”). The amendments, which requires public entities to disclose specific categories in its annual effective tax rate reconciliation and disaggregated information about significant reconciling items by jurisdiction and by nature. ASU 2019-12, among other things, remove certain exceptions2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments (net of refunds) to international, federal, and state and local jurisdictions. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and requires prospective application with the general principles in ASC 740 and seek more consistent application by clarifying and amending the existing guidance.option to apply it retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adoptedis currently evaluating the impact of this ASU effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impactguidance on the Company’sconsolidated financial position, resultsstatements and disclosures.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Below are the changes in other components of working capital net of balances related to incremental interest acquired in a Civil segment joint venture during 2019 (see Note 6), as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as well as the supplemental disclosures of cash paid for interest, income taxes and non-cash investing activities:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| (Increase) Decrease in: | (Increase) Decrease in: | |
| Accounts receivable | Accounts receivable | $ | (31,972) | | $ | (104,901) | | $ | (81,983) | |
| Retainage receivable | 78,618 | | (85,769) | | (78,520) | |
| Accounts receivable | |
| Accounts receivable | |
| Retention receivable | |
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | (120,034) | | (113,190) | | 18,751 | |
| Other current assets | Other current assets | 62,371 | | (49,468) | | (76,146) | |
| (Decrease) Increase in: | (Decrease) Increase in: | |
| Accounts payable | Accounts payable | (283,482) | | 111,912 | | 53,999 | |
| Retainage payable | (46,190) | | 62,954 | | 35,013 | |
| Accounts payable | |
| Accounts payable | |
| Retention payable | |
| Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | (77,533) | | (5,168) | | 245,292 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | (4,005) | | 13,654 | | 14,851 | |
| Changes in other components of working capital | Changes in other components of working capital | $ | (422,227) | | $ | (169,976) | | $ | 131,257 | |
| | Supplemental disclosures: | Supplemental disclosures: | |
| Supplemental disclosures: | |
| Supplemental disclosures: | |
| Interest paid | |
| Interest paid | |
| Interest paid | Interest paid | $ | 63,762 | | $ | 57,038 | | $ | 56,137 | |
| Income taxes paid (refunded), net | Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | (8,299) | | $ | 11,204 | | $ | 43,374 | |
| | Non-cash investing activities: | Non-cash investing activities: | |
| Real property acquired in settlement of a receivable | $ | — | | $ | 11,660 | | $ | — | |
| Non-cash investing activities: | |
| Non-cash investing activities: | |
| Receivable recognized from sale of subsidiary | Receivable recognized from sale of subsidiary | $ | 4,163 | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| Receivable recognized from sale of subsidiary | |
| Receivable recognized from sale of subsidiary | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
3. Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate revenue by end market, customer type and contract type, which the Company believes best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Civil segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 1,417,196 | | $ | 1,367,412 | | $ | 992,755 | |
| Bridges | 238,345 | | 306,161 | | 334,117 | |
| Military defense facilities | 194,701 | | 146,969 | | 59,082 | |
| Water | 98,739 | | 101,705 | | 33,370 | |
| Highways | 55,666 | | 122,254 | | 86,747 | |
| Other | 91,113 | | 155,398 | | 273,281 | |
| Total Civil segment revenue | $ | 2,095,760 | | $ | 2,199,899 | | $ | 1,779,352 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Building segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | $ | 352,265 | | $ | 580,297 | | $ | 459,806 | |
| Hospitality and gaming | 338,998 | | 474,329 | | 297,700 | |
| Municipal and government | 291,629 | | 287,337 | | 254,736 | |
| Education facilities | 159,929 | | 173,472 | | 143,382 | |
| Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | 130,923 | | 218,930 | | 201,400 | |
| | | |
| Health care facilities | 64,042 | | 117,968 | | 239,299 | |
| Other | 90,316 | | 132,308 | | 145,717 | |
| Total Building segment revenue | $ | 1,428,102 | | $ | 1,984,641 | | $ | 1,742,040 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Specialty Contractors segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 588,162 | | $ | 592,430 | | $ | 419,402 | |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | 139,751 | | 152,868 | | 186,819 | |
| Multi-unit residential | 133,085 | | 139,924 | | 83,903 | |
| Water | 90,887 | | 73,769 | | 37,403 | |
| Education facilities | 50,572 | | 44,762 | | 70,229 | |
| Mixed use | 44,660 | | 47,022 | | 64,302 | |
| Other | 70,851 | | 83,448 | | 67,382 | |
| Total Specialty Contractors segment revenue | $ | 1,117,968 | | $ | 1,134,223 | | $ | 929,440 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,791,531 | | $ | 363,686 | | $ | 481,255 | | $ | 2,636,472 | |
| Federal agencies | 205,080 | | 189,508 | | 47,724 | | 442,312 | |
| Private owners | 99,149 | | 874,908 | | 588,989 | | 1,563,046 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,095,760 | | $ | 1,428,102 | | $ | 1,117,968 | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Civil segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 1,079,629 | | $ | 1,026,589 | | $ | 1,417,196 | |
| Military facilities | 348,133 | | 258,028 | | 194,701 | |
| Bridges | 204,029 | | 265,130 | | 238,345 | |
| Commercial and industrial sites | 118,880 | | 70,708 | | 70,099 | |
| Other | 133,194 | | 114,427 | | 175,419 | |
| Total Civil segment revenue | $ | 1,883,865 | | $ | 1,734,882 | | $ | 2,095,760 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,875,653 | | $ | 534,449 | | $ | 533,768 | | $ | 2,943,870 | |
| Federal agencies | 175,933 | | 143,327 | | 75,067 | | 394,327 | |
| Private owners | 148,313 | | 1,306,865 | | 525,388 | | 1,980,566 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,199,899 | | $ | 1,984,641 | | $ | 1,134,223 | | $ | 5,318,763 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Building segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Government | $ | 424,130 | | $ | 329,661 | | $ | 291,629 | |
| Health care facilities | 294,667 | | 178,997 | | 64,042 | |
| Education facilities | 226,335 | | 140,514 | | 159,929 | |
| Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | 188,335 | | 132,836 | | 130,923 | |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | 77,118 | | 251,849 | | 352,265 | |
| Hospitality and gaming | 59,771 | | 137,640 | | 338,998 | |
| Sports and entertainment | 55,668 | | 27,774 | | 24,315 | |
Other(a) | (23,485) | | 43,300 | | 66,001 | |
| Total Building segment revenue | $ | 1,302,539 | | $ | 1,242,571 | | $ | 1,428,102 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,401,001 | | $ | 573,049 | | $ | 496,195 | | $ | 2,470,245 | |
| Federal agencies | 116,869 | | 153,467 | | 11,326 | | 281,662 | |
| Private owners | 261,482 | | 1,015,524 | | 421,919 | | 1,698,925 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,779,352 | | $ | 1,742,040 | | $ | 929,440 | | $ | 4,450,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| Specialty Contractors segment revenue by end market: | | | |
| Commercial and industrial facilities | $ | 213,003 | | $ | 166,286 | | $ | 139,751 | |
| Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | 119,760 | | 350,005 | | 588,162 | |
| Multi-unit residential | 114,516 | | 112,944 | | 133,085 | |
| Government | 89,031 | | 61,424 | | 18,476 | |
| Water | 85,176 | | 79,553 | | 90,887 | |
| Health care facilities | 57,292 | | 23,001 | | 29,567 | |
Other(a) | 15,045 | | 20,089 | | 118,040 | |
| Total Specialty Contractors segment revenue | $ | 693,823 | | $ | 813,302 | | $ | 1,117,968 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,250,740 | | $ | 718,106 | | $ | 316,473 | | $ | 2,285,319 | |
| Federal agencies | 400,782 | | 187,199 | | (14,306) | | 573,675 | |
Private owners(a) | 232,343 | | 397,234 | | 391,656 | | 1,021,233 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,883,865 | | $ | 1,302,539 | | $ | 693,823 | | $ | 3,880,227 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,273,639 | | $ | 461,193 | | $ | 332,176 | | $ | 2,067,008 | |
| Federal agencies | 313,791 | | 168,307 | | 22,705 | | 504,803 | |
| Private owners | 147,452 | | 613,071 | | 458,421 | | 1,218,944 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,734,882 | | $ | 1,242,571 | | $ | 813,302 | | $ | 3,790,755 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by customer type: | | | | |
| State and local agencies | $ | 1,791,531 | | $ | 363,686 | | $ | 481,255 | | $ | 2,636,472 | |
| Federal agencies | 205,080 | | 189,508 | | 47,724 | | 442,312 | |
| Private owners | 99,149 | | 874,908 | | 588,989 | | 1,563,046 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,095,760 | | $ | 1,428,102 | | $ | 1,117,968 | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________(a)The year ended December 31, 2023 includes the negative impact of a non-cash charge of $83.6 million that resulted from an adverse legal ruling (of which $72.2 million impacted the Building segment and $11.4 million impacted the Specialty Contractors segment). Refer to Note 14, Business Segments, for additional details.
State and local agencies. The Company’s state and local government customers include state transportation departments, metropolitan authorities, cities, municipal agencies, school districts and public universities. Services provided to state and local customers are primarily pursuant to contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes. Construction services for state and local government customers have included mass-transit systems, tunnels, bridges, highways, judicial, correctional and correctionaldetention facilities, schools and dormitories, health care facilities, convention centers, parking structures and other municipal buildings. The vast majority of the Company’s civil contracting and building construction services are provided in locations throughout the United States and its territories.
Federal agencies. The Company’s federal government customers include the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Air Force and the National Park Service. Services provided to federal agencies are typically pursuant to competitively bid contracts for specific or multi-year assignments that involve new construction or infrastructure repairs or improvements. A portion of revenue from federal agencies is derived from projects in overseas locations.
Private owners. The Company’s private owners (i.e., customers) include real estate developers, health care companies, technology companies, hospitality and gaming resort owners, Native American sovereign nations, public corporations and private universities. Services are provided to private customers through negotiated contract arrangements, as well as through competitive bids.
Most federal, state and local government contracts contain provisions that permit the termination of contracts, in whole or in part, for the convenience of government customers, among other reasons.
| | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total | (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by contract type: | Revenue by contract type: | |
| Fixed price | Fixed price | $ | 1,815,079 | | $ | 336,128 | | $ | 988,941 | | $ | 3,140,148 | |
| Guaranteed maximum price | 2,854 | | 888,345 | | 14,505 | | 905,704 | |
| Fixed price | |
| Fixed price | |
Guaranteed maximum price(a) | |
| Unit price | Unit price | 268,377 | | (1,373) | | 96,782 | | 363,786 | |
| | Cost plus fee and other | |
| Cost plus fee and other | |
| Cost plus fee and other | Cost plus fee and other | 9,450 | | 205,002 | | 17,740 | | 232,192 | |
| Total revenue | Total revenue | $ | 2,095,760 | | $ | 1,428,102 | | $ | 1,117,968 | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by contract type: | | | | |
| Fixed price | $ | 1,441,547 | | $ | 349,318 | | $ | 675,461 | | $ | 2,466,326 | |
| Guaranteed maximum price | 1,142 | | 595,907 | | 15,875 | | 612,924 | |
| Unit price | 274,293 | | 33 | | 85,574 | | 359,900 | |
| | | | |
| Cost plus fee and other | 17,900 | | 297,313 | | 36,392 | | 351,605 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,734,882 | | $ | 1,242,571 | | $ | 813,302 | | $ | 3,790,755 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | | | Year Ended December 31, 2021 |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total | (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by contract type: | Revenue by contract type: | |
| Fixed price | Fixed price | $ | 1,792,765 | | $ | 508,655 | | $ | 1,010,973 | | $ | 3,312,393 | |
| Fixed price | |
| Fixed price | |
| Guaranteed maximum price | Guaranteed maximum price | 1,829 | | 1,136,782 | | 15,417 | | 1,154,028 | |
| Unit price | Unit price | 392,548 | | 867 | | 83,257 | | 476,672 | |
| | Cost plus fee and other | |
| Cost plus fee and other | |
| Cost plus fee and other | Cost plus fee and other | 12,757 | | 338,337 | | 24,576 | | 375,670 | |
| Total revenue | Total revenue | $ | 2,199,899 | | $ | 1,984,641 | | $ | 1,134,223 | | $ | 5,318,763 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty
Contractors | Total |
| Revenue by contract type: | | | | |
| Fixed price | $ | 1,315,195 | | $ | 561,831 | | $ | 769,410 | | $ | 2,646,436 | |
| Guaranteed maximum price | 6,951 | | 752,110 | | 21,291 | | 780,352 | |
| Unit price | 436,015 | | 12,063 | | 91,803 | | 539,881 | |
| Cost plus fee and other | 21,191 | | 416,036 | | 46,936 | | 484,163 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,779,352 | | $ | 1,742,040 | | $ | 929,440 | | $ | 4,450,832 | |
Fixed price. Fixed price or lump sum contracts are most commonly used for projects in the Civil and Specialty Contractors segments and generally commit the Company to provide all of the resources required to complete a project for a fixed sum. Usually, fixed price contracts transfer more risk to the Company, but offer the opportunity for greater profits. Billings on fixed price contracts are typically based on estimated progress against predetermined contractual milestones.
Guaranteed maximum price (“GMP”). GMP contracts provide for a cost plus fee arrangement up to a maximum agreed upon price. These contracts place risks on the Company for amounts in excess of the GMP, but may permit an opportunity for greater profits than under cost plus fee contracts through sharing agreements with the owner on any cost savings that may be realized. Services provided by our Building segment to various private customers are often performed under GMP contracts. Billings on GMP contracts typically occur on a monthly basis and are based on actual costs incurred plus a negotiated margin.
Unit price. Unit price contracts are most prevalent for projects in the Civil and Specialty Contractors segments and generally commit the Company to provide an estimated or undetermined number of units or components that comprise a project at a fixed price per unit.unit prices. This approach shifts the risk of estimating the quantity of units required to the project owner, but the risk of increased cost per unit is borne by the Company, unless otherwise allowed for in the contract. Billings on unit price contracts typically occur on a monthly basis and are based on actual quantity of work performed or completed during the billing period.
Cost plus fee. Cost plus fee contracts are used for many projects in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments. Cost plus fee contracts include cost plus fixed fee contracts and cost plus award fee contracts. Cost plus fixed fee contracts provide for reimbursement of approved project costs plus a fixed fee. Cost plus award fee contracts provide for reimbursement of the project costs plus a base fee, as well as an incentive fee based on cost and/or schedule performance. Cost plus fee contracts serve to minimize the Company’s financial risk, but may also limit profits. Billings on cost plus fee contracts typically occur on a monthly basis based on actual costs incurred plus a negotiated margin.
Changes in Contract Estimates that Impact Revenue
Changes to the total estimated contract revenue or cost for a given project, either due to unexpected events or revisions to management’s initial estimates, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Revenue was negatively impacted during the yearyears ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by a net $214.2 million, $292.3 million and $37.5 million, for various projects. Revenue was negatively impacted during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by a net $77.0 million for various projects. Revenue was negatively impacted during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by a net $177.5 millionrespectively, for various projects, including a $123.9 million revenuereflective of the net unfavorable impact that resulted from the charge relatedof numerous legal judgments, settlements and other project charges. Refer to the Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter discussed in Note 8.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
s, for additional details on significant adjustments.Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and exclude unexercised contract options. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $4.6 $4.2 billion, $2.2 billion and $1.3$1.1 billion forfor the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. As of December 31, 2020,2022, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $4.8$4.4 billion, $1.5$2.2 billion and $1.8$1.3 billion for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. The Company typically recognizes revenue on Civil segment projects over a period of three to five years, whereas for projects in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments, the Company typically recognizes revenue over a period of one to three years.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
4. Contract Assets and Liabilities
The Company classifies contract assets and liabilities that may be settled beyond one year from the balance sheet date as current, consistent with the length of time of the Company’s project operating cycle.
Contract assets include amounts due under retainageretention provisions, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and capitalized contract costs. The amounts as included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Retainage receivable | $ | 568,881 | | | $ | 648,441 | |
| Retention receivable | |
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings: | Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings: | |
| Claims | |
| Claims | |
| Claims | Claims | 833,352 | | | 752,783 | |
| Unapproved change orders | Unapproved change orders | 418,054 | | | 415,489 | |
| Other unbilled costs and profits | Other unbilled costs and profits | 105,362 | | | 68,462 | |
| Total costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | Total costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 1,356,768 | | | 1,236,734 | |
| Capitalized contract costs | Capitalized contract costs | 69,027 | | | 74,452 | |
| Total contract assets | Total contract assets | $ | 1,994,676 | | | $ | 1,959,627 | |
RetainageRetention receivable represents amounts invoiced to customers where payments have been partially withheld pending the completion of certain milestones, satisfaction of other contractual conditions or the completion of the project. RetainageRetention agreements vary from project to project, and balances could be outstanding for several months or years depending on a number of circumstances, such as contract-specific terms, project performance and other variables that may arise as the Company makes progress toward completion. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the amount of retainageretention receivable estimated by management to be collected beyond one year is approximately 31%54% of the balance.
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings representrepresent the excess of contract costs and profits (or contract revenue) over the amount of contract billings to date and are classified as a current asset. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings result when either: (1) the appropriate contract revenue amount has been recognized over time in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), but a portion of the revenue recorded cannot be billed currently due to the billing terms defined in the contract, or (2) costs are incurred related to certain claims and unapproved change orders. Claims occur when there is a dispute regarding both a change in the scope of work and the price associated with that change. Unapproved change orders occur when a change in the scope of work results in additional work being performed before the parties have agreed on the corresponding change in the contract price. The Company routinely estimates recovery related to claims and unapproved change orders as a form of variable consideration at the most likely amount it expects to receive and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Claims and unapproved change orders are billable upon the agreement and resolution between the contractual parties and after the execution of contractual amendments. Increases in claims and unapproved change orders typically result from costs being incurred against existing or new positions; decreases normally result from resolutions and subsequent billings. As discussed in Note 8, the resolution of these claims and unapproved change orders may require litigation or other forms of dispute resolution proceedings. Other unbilled costs and profits are billable in accordance with the billing terms of each of the existing contractual arrangements and, as such, the timing of contract billing cycles can cause fluctuations in the balance of unbilled costs and profits. Ultimate resolution of other unbilled costs and profits typically involves incremental progress toward contractual requirements or milestones. The amount of costs and estimated
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
earnings in excess of billings as of December 31, 20212023 estimated by management to be collected beyond one year is approximately $795.2approximately $549.0 million.
Capitalized contract costs are included in other current assets and primarily represent costs to fulfill a contract that (1) directly relate to an existing or anticipated contract, (2) generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and (3) are expected to be recovered through the contract. Capitalized contract costs are generally expensed to the associated contract over the period of anticipated use on the project. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 2020 and 2019, $47.3$56.9 million, $46.7$57.1 million and $33.8$47.3 million, respectively, of previously capitalized contract costs were amortized and recognized as expense on the related contracts.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Contract liabilities include amounts owed under retainageretention provisions and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. The amount as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Retainage payable | $ | 268,945 | | | $ | 315,135 | |
| Retention payable | |
| Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 761,689 | | | 839,222 | |
| Total contract liabilities | Total contract liabilities | $ | 1,030,634 | | | $ | 1,154,357 | |
RetainageRetention payable represents amounts invoiced to the Company by subcontractors where payments have been partially withheld pending the completion of certain milestones, other contractual conditions or upon the completion of the project. Generally, retainageretention payable is not remitted to subcontractors until the associated retainageretention receivable from customers is collected. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the amount of retainageretention payable estimated by management to be remitted beyond one year is approximately 24%46% of the balance.
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings represent the excess of contract billings to date over the amount of contract costs and profits (or contract revenue) recognized to date. The balance may fluctuate depending on the timing of contract billings and the recognition of contract revenue. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 and included in the opening billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings balances for each period totaled $638.7$740.3 million, $690.7$533.5 million and $479.6$638.7 million, respectively.
5. Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes is summarized as follows:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| United States operations | United States operations | $ | 118,749 | | | $ | 138,426 | | | $ | (456,403) | |
| Foreign and U.S. territory operations | Foreign and U.S. territory operations | 41,033 | | | 35,853 | | | 30,569 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 159,782 | | | $ | 174,279 | | | $ | (425,834) | |
The income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Current expense (benefit): | | | | | |
| Federal | $ | (178) | | | $ | (1,653) | | | $ | 20,052 | |
| State | 1,888 | | | 930 | | | 7,899 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 8,153 | | | 5,074 | | | 11,568 | |
| Total current expense: | 9,863 | | | 4,351 | | | 39,519 | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred expense (benefit): | | | | | |
| Federal | (48,634) | | | (54,526) | | | (13,667) | |
| State | (17,612) | | | (25,395) | | | 36 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 1,426 | | | 472 | | | (256) | |
| Total deferred benefit: | (64,820) | | | (79,449) | | | (13,887) | |
| Total expense (benefit): | $ | (54,957) | | | $ | (75,098) | | | $ | 25,632 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Current expense (benefit): | | | | | |
| Federal | $ | 20,052 | | | $ | (36,159) | | | $ | (2,884) | |
| State | 7,899 | | | (1,282) | | | 3,585 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 11,568 | | | 11,130 | | | 5,299 | |
| Total current expense (benefit): | 39,519 | | | (26,311) | | | 6,000 | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred expense (benefit): | | | | | |
| Federal | (13,667) | | | 38,667 | | | (43,579) | |
| State | 36 | | | 10,608 | | | (27,566) | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | (256) | | | (1,022) | | | (464) | |
| Total deferred expense (benefit): | (13,887) | | | 48,253 | | | (71,609) | |
| Total expense (benefit): | $ | 25,632 | | | $ | 21,942 | | | $ | (65,609) | |
The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s income tax provision at the statutory federal tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| 2023 | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (dollars in thousands) | (dollars in thousands) | Amount | | Rate | | Amount | | Rate | | Amount | | Rate | (dollars in thousands) | Amount | | Rate | | Amount | | Rate | | Amount | | Rate |
| Federal income tax expense (benefit) at statutory tax rate | Federal income tax expense (benefit) at statutory tax rate | $ | 33,554 | | | 21.0 | % | | $ | 36,599 | | | 21.0 | % | | $ | (89,425) | | | 21.0 | % | Federal income tax expense (benefit) at statutory tax rate | $ | (38,336) | | | 21.0 | | 21.0 | % | | $ | (56,211) | | | 21.0 | | 21.0 | % | | $ | 33,554 | | | 21.0 | | 21.0 | % |
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 8,301 | | | 5.2 | | | 8,518 | | | 4.9 | | | (18,442) | | | 4.3 | |
| Stock based compensation | 87 | | | 0.1 | | | 3,185 | | | 1.8 | | | 1,706 | | | (0.4) | |
| Impact of federal tax law changes | — | | | — | | | (14,476) | | | (8.3) | | | — | | | — | |
| Share-based compensation | |
| | Officers' compensation | Officers' compensation | 3,664 | | | 2.3 | | | 2,486 | | | 1.4 | | | 2,938 | | | (0.7) | |
| Goodwill impairment | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 43,990 | | | (10.3) | |
| Officers' compensation | |
| Officers' compensation | |
| Noncontrolling interests | Noncontrolling interests | (8,872) | | | (5.6) | | | (9,799) | | | (5.6) | | | (6,064) | | | 1.4 | |
| Federal R&D credits | Federal R&D credits | (1,105) | | | (0.7) | | | (3,007) | | | (1.7) | | | (3,998) | | | 0.9 | |
| Foreign tax rate differences | Foreign tax rate differences | (625) | | | (0.4) | | | 1,491 | | | 0.9 | | | 4,940 | | | (1.2) | |
| | Federal claim of right credit | Federal claim of right credit | (8,191) | | | (5.1) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Valuation allowance | |
| Other | Other | (1,181) | | | (0.8) | | | (3,055) | | | (1.8) | | | (1,254) | | | 0.4 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 25,632 | | | 16.0 | % | | $ | 21,942 | | | 12.6 | % | | $ | (65,609) | | | 15.4 | % | Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (54,957) | | | 30.1 | | 30.1 | % | | $ | (75,098) | | | 28.1 | | 28.1 | % | | $ | 25,632 | | | 16.0 | | 16.0 | % |
The Company’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was favorably impacted by a federal claim of right tax credit resulting in a tax rate adjustment associated with an adverse 2019 jury verdict that rendered certain income recognized in 2016 at a 35% federal statutory income tax rate to be uncollectible.reversed in 2019 at a 21% federal statutory income tax rate.
The Company's provision for income taxesfollowing is a summary of the significant components of the deferred tax assets and effective tax rate for the year endedliabilities:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | |
| Timing of expense recognition | $ | 72,828 | | | $ | 49,939 | |
| Net operating losses | 113,623 | | | 82,210 | |
| Goodwill | 80 | | | 6,022 | |
| Other, net | 16,113 | | | 24,105 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 202,644 | | | 162,276 | |
| Valuation allowance | (9,193) | | | (8,846) | |
| Net deferred tax assets | 193,451 | | | 153,430 | |
| | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
| Intangible assets, due primarily to purchase accounting | (17,451) | | | (16,850) | |
| Fixed assets | (54,953) | | | (66,130) | |
| Construction contract accounting | (7,711) | | | (7,940) | |
| Joint ventures | (16,132) | | | (32,983) | |
| Other | (24,077) | | | (18,266) | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | (120,324) | | | (142,169) | |
| | | |
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 73,127 | | | $ | 11,261 | |
As of December 31, 2020 was significantly impacted by a change in tax law. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. A major provision of the CARES Act allows net operating losses from the 2018, 2019 and 2020 tax years to be carried back up to five years. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, the Company was able to recognize tax benefits in excess of the currenthad federal statutory rate of 21% due to the effects of carrying back itsand various state net operating loss arising in 2019carryforwards of $299.2 million and $554.7 million, respectively. Federal net operating loss carryforwards do not have expiration dates, whereas the state net operating loss carryforwards have expiration dates ranging from 2024 to tax years in which the federal statutory rate was 35%.
The Company’s provision for income taxes and effective tax rate for the year endedindefinite periods. As of December 31, 2019 was significantly impacted by2022, the goodwill impairment charge discussed in Note 6. Of the total goodwill impairment chargeCompany had federal and various state net operating loss carryforwards of $379.9$206.9 million approximately $209.5and $431.0 million, pertained to goodwill that was not tax deductible and yielded permanent differences betweenrespectively. As
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
book income and taxable income. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized U.S. federal and state tax benefits totaling $49.4 million as a result of the impairment charge.
The following is a summary of the significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | |
| Timing of expense recognition | $ | 28,710 | | | $ | 24,470 | |
| Net operating losses | 15,824 | | | 19,968 | |
| Goodwill | 11,698 | | | 19,315 | |
| Other, net | 13,125 | | | 10,155 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 69,357 | | | 73,908 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
| Intangible assets, due primarily to purchase accounting | (16,453) | | | (15,212) | |
| Fixed assets | (70,128) | | | (76,567) | |
| Construction contract accounting | (9,196) | | | (9,769) | |
| Joint ventures | (26,764) | | | (41,669) | |
| Other | (15,672) | | | (11,962) | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | (138,213) | | | (155,179) | |
| | | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (68,856) | | | $ | (81,271) | |
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in various states totaling $166.0 million with expiration dates ranging from 2022 to 2040. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in various states totaling $196.5 million. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company had federal and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.1$5.9 million and $2.6$4.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020,2022, the Company had federal and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.4$3.9 million and $2.0$3.6 million, respectively. The Company established a valuation allowance in 2023 and 2022 as a result of the uncertainty with the future realization of certain carryforwards for capital losses, foreign tax credits and state net operating losses.
The net deferred tax liabilitiesassets are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Deferred tax assets | Deferred tax assets | $ | 2,133 | | | $ | 1,695 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | Deferred tax liabilities | (70,989) | | | (82,966) | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | $ | (68,856) | | | $ | (81,271) | |
| Net deferred tax assets | |
The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as an element of income tax expense. The cumulative amounts related to interest and penalties are added to the total unrecognized tax liabilities on the balance sheet. The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 20212023 that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $7.5$4.8 million. The Company does not expect any significant release of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company accounts for its uncertain tax positions in accordance with GAAP. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of these unrecognized tax benefits for the three years ended December 31, 2021:2023:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Beginning balance | Beginning balance | $ | 8,681 | | | $ | 5,682 | | | $ | 4,998 | |
| Change in tax positions of prior years | Change in tax positions of prior years | (1,319) | | | 2,286 | | | 351 | |
| Change in tax positions of current year | Change in tax positions of current year | 1,000 | | | 1,202 | | | 1,106 | |
| Reduction in tax positions for statute expirations | Reduction in tax positions for statute expirations | (823) | | | (489) | | | (773) | |
| Ending balance | Ending balance | $ | 7,539 | | | $ | 8,681 | | | $ | 5,682 | |
The Company conducts business internationally and, as a result, one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in U.S. federal, U.S. state and certain foreign jurisdictions. Accordingly, in the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities principally throughout the United States, Guam and Canada. The Company's open tax years for a U.S. federal income tax audit are 2018 and later. The 2018 federal income tax return is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company has various years open to audit in a number of state and local jurisdictions and is currently under audit by various state and local taxing authorities.
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill since its inception through December 31, 2021:2023:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Civil | | Building | | Specialty
Contractors | | Total |
| Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 492,074 | | | $ | 424,724 | | | $ | 156,193 | | | $ | 1,072,991 | |
| Accumulated impairment as of December 31, 2019 | (286,931) | | | (424,724) | | | (156,193) | | | (867,848) | |
| Goodwill as of December 31, 2019 | 205,143 | | | — | | | — | | | 205,143 | |
| 2020 activity | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Goodwill as of December 31, 2020 | 205,143 | | | — | | | — | | | 205,143 | |
| Current year activity | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Goodwill as of December 31, 2021(a) | $ | 205,143 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 205,143 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Civil | | Building | | Specialty
Contractors | | Total |
| Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 492,074 | | | $ | 424,724 | | | $ | 156,193 | | | $ | 1,072,991 | |
| Accumulated impairment as of December 31, 2021 | (286,931) | | | (424,724) | | | (156,193) | | | (867,848) | |
| Goodwill as of December 31, 2021 | 205,143 | | | — | | | — | | | 205,143 | |
| 2022 activity | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Goodwill as of December 31, 2022 | 205,143 | | | — | | | — | | | 205,143 | |
| Current year activity | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Goodwill as of December 31, 2023(a) | $ | 205,143 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 205,143 | |
(a)As of December 31, 2021,2023, accumulated impairment was $867.8 million.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company performed its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of 20212023 and concluded goodwill was not impaired. In addition, the Company determined that no triggering events occurred and no circumstances changed since the date of our annual impairment test that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Civil reporting unit below its carrying amount.
The Company will continue to monitor events and circumstances for changes that indicate the Civil reporting unit goodwill would need to be reevaluated for impairment during future interim periods prior to the annual impairment test. These future events and circumstances include, but are not limited to, changes in the overall financial performance of the Civil reporting unit, impacts to our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other quantitative and qualitative factors which could indicate potential triggering events for possible impairment.
Second Quarter of 2019 Goodwill Impairment
In the second quarter of 2019, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment loss totaling $379.9 million, of which $210.2 million, $13.5 million and $156.2 million was in the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. While there was no single determinative event or factor, potential triggering events identified in the accounting guidance (ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other) which led to the impairment conclusion included:
•The Company faced a declining stock price and observed a sustained decrease subsequent to the filing of the Company’s first quarter Form 10-Q on May 8, 2019, in both absolute terms and relative to its peers. Consistent with the average stock prices of companies in its peer group, the Company’s stock price had been trending lower over
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
several prior periods; however, during the second quarter of 2019, the Company’s stock price dropped to a 52-week low while the average stock price of companies in its peer group increased. The Company believed that delays experienced in resolving certain claims and unapproved change orders, which when combined with the increased working capital needs and significant negative operating cash flows in the first quarter of 2019, had contributed significantly to the sustained decrease in the Company’s stock price;
•The Company experienced significant negative operating cash flows from each of its reporting units in the first quarter of 2019, and that trend continued at the beginning of the second quarter; and
•The Company’s debt rating was downgraded by a major credit rating agency on May 17, 2019.
When performing the interim goodwill impairment test as of June 1, 2019 (the “Interim Test”), the Company utilized a weighted average of (1) an income approach and (2) a market approach to determine the fair value of the Company and each of its reporting units for the Interim Test. The income approach was based on estimated present value of future cash flows for each reporting unit. The market approach was based on assumptions about how market data relates to each reporting unit. The weighting of these two approaches was based on their individual correlation to the economics of each reporting unit as impacted by factors such as the availability of comparable market data for each reporting unit.
Assessing impairment inherently involves management judgments as to the assumptions used to calculate fair value of the reporting units and the impact of market conditions on those assumptions. The key inputs that the Company uses in its assumptions to estimate the fair value of its reporting units under the income-based approach are as follows:
•Weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”), the risk-adjusted rate used to discount the projected cash flows;
•Cash flows generated from existing work and new awards; and
•Projected operating margins.
Expected future after-tax operating cash flows of each reporting unit are discounted to a present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Estimates of future cash flows require management to make significant assumptions concerning future operating performance including cash flows generated from existing work and new awards, projected operating margins, variations in the amount and timing of cash flows and the probability of achieving the estimated cash flows, as well as future economic conditions, which may differ from actual future cash flows. The discount rate, which is intended to reflect the risks inherent in future cash flow projections, used in estimating the present value of future cash flows, is based on estimates of the WACC of market participants relative to the reporting units. Financial and credit market volatility can directly impact certain inputs and assumptions used to develop the WACC.
To develop the cash flows generated from new awards and future operating margins, the Company tracks known prospects of significance for each of its reporting units and considers the estimated timing of when the work is expected to be bid, started and completed. The Company also gives consideration to its relationships with the prospective owners; the pool of competitors that are capable of performing large, complex work; business strategy; and the Company’s history of success in winning new work in each reporting unit. With regard to operating margins, the Company gives consideration to its historical reporting unit operating margins in the end markets that the prospective work opportunities are most significant, expected margins from existing work, current market trends in recent new work procurement, and business strategy.
The Company also estimated the fair value of its reporting units under a market-based approach by applying industry-comparable multiples of revenues and operating earnings to its reporting units’ revenues and operating earnings. The conditions and prospects of companies in the engineering and construction industry depend on common factors such as overall demand for services.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2021 | | Weighted-Average Amortization Period |
| (in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated
Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value | |
| Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 | | $ | — | | $ | (67,190) | | $ | 50,410 | | | Indefinite |
Trade names (amortizable)(a) | 69,250 | | (23,650) | | (23,232) | | 22,368 | | | 20 years |
| Contractor license | 6,000 | | — | | (6,000) | | — | | | N/A |
| Customer relationships | 39,800 | | (23,053) | | (16,645) | | 102 | | | 12 years |
| Construction contract backlog | 149,290 | | (137,102) | | — | | 12,188 | | | 3 years |
| Total | $ | 381,940 | | $ | (183,805) | | $ | (113,067) | | $ | 85,068 | | | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | Weighted-Average Amortization Period |
| (in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated
Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value | |
| Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 | | $ | — | | $ | (67,190) | | $ | 50,410 | | | Indefinite |
| Trade names (amortizable) | 69,250 | | (28,123) | | (23,232) | | 17,895 | | | 20 years |
| Contractor license | 6,000 | | — | | (6,000) | | — | | | N/A |
| Customer relationships | 39,800 | | (23,155) | | (16,645) | | — | | | N/A |
| Construction contract backlog | 149,290 | | (149,290) | | — | | — | | | N/A |
| Total | $ | 381,940 | | $ | (200,568) | | $ | (113,067) | | $ | 68,305 | | | |
(a)In 2021, the Company sold an immaterial subsidiary, which had amortizable trade names with a gross cost of $5.1 million and a carrying value of $2.6 million at the time of sale. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2022 | | Weighted-Average Amortization Period |
| (in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated
Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value | |
| Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 | | $ | — | | $ | (67,190) | | $ | 50,410 | | | Indefinite |
| Trade names (amortizable) | 69,250 | | (25,886) | | (23,232) | | 20,132 | | | 20 years |
| Contractor license | 6,000 | | — | | (6,000) | | — | | | N/A |
| Customer relationships | 39,800 | | (23,155) | | (16,645) | | — | | | N/A |
| Construction contract backlog | 149,290 | | (149,290) | | — | | — | | | N/A |
| Total | $ | 381,940 | | $ | (198,331) | | $ | (113,067) | | $ | 70,542 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2020 | | Weighted-Average Amortization Period |
| (in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated
Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value | |
| Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 | | $ | — | | $ | (67,190) | | $ | 50,410 | | | Indefinite |
| Trade names (amortizable) | 74,350 | | (23,754) | | (23,232) | | 27,364 | | | 20 years |
| Contractor license | 6,000 | | — | | (6,000) | | — | | | N/A |
| Customer relationships | 39,800 | | (22,103) | | (16,645) | | 1,052 | | | 12 years |
| Construction contract backlog | 149,290 | | (105,001) | | — | | 44,289 | | | 3 years |
| Total | $ | 387,040 | | $ | (150,858) | | $ | (113,067) | | $ | 123,115 | | | |
Amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets was $35.5$2.2 million, $32.2$14.5 million and $6.2$35.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in amortization expense in 2021 and 2020, compared to 2019, was due to the acquisition of an additional 25% interest in a Civil segment joint venture during the fourth quarter of 2019, which increased the Company’s ownership interest from 50% to 75% and gave it a controlling financial interest in the joint venture, thereby requiring consolidation by the Company. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination achieved in stages, and under ASC 805, Business Combinations, the previously held equity interest in the joint venture was remeasured at the acquisition date fair value. The transaction resulted in a gain of $37.8 million recognized in earnings, which was included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations in 2019, and in the recording of an intangible asset for construction contract backlog of $75.6 million, which is amortized as the related contract backlog is recognized as revenue.
Future amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets will be approximately $14.5 million for 2022, $2.2 million per year for the years 20232024 through 2026,2028, and $11.4$6.9 million thereafter.
The Company performed its annual impairment test for non-amortizable trade names during the fourth quarter of 2021.2023. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that its non-amortizable trade names were not impaired. In addition, the Company determined that no triggering events occurred and no circumstances changed since the date of our annual impairment test that would indicate impairment of its non-amortizable trade names. Other amortizable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the future cash flows generated by the assets might be less than the assets’ net carrying value. The Company had no impairment of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 or 2019.2021.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
7. Financial Commitments
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| 2017 Senior Notes | 2017 Senior Notes | $ | 496,244 | | | $ | 495,271 | |
| Term Loan B | Term Loan B | 406,335 | | | 408,458 | |
| 2020 Revolver | 27,000 | | | — | |
Convertible Notes(a) | — | | | 67,878 | |
| Revolver | |
| Equipment financing and mortgages | Equipment financing and mortgages | 56,246 | | | 47,594 | |
| Other indebtedness | Other indebtedness | 7,829 | | | 6,264 | |
| Total debt | Total debt | 993,654 | | | 1,025,465 | |
| Less: Current maturities | 24,406 | | | 100,188 | |
Less: Current maturities(a) | |
| Long-term debt, net | Long-term debt, net | $ | 969,248 | | | $ | 925,277 | |
(a)The Company repaid the remaining principal balance of the Convertible NotesCurrent maturities at maturity on June 15, 2021. As of December 31, 2020,2023 included the balance of the Convertible Notes was included in current maturities$91.0 million principal prepayment on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.Term Loan B that was made in February 2024. Current maturities at December 31, 2022 included a $44.0 million principal prepayment on the Term Loan B.
The following table reconciles the outstanding debt balances to the reported debt balances as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020:2022:
| | As of December 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | | As of December 31, 2023 | | As of December 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs |
Debt,
as reported | | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs | Debt, as reported | (in thousands) | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs |
Debt,
as reported | | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs | Debt, as reported |
| 2017 Senior Notes | 2017 Senior Notes | $ | 500,000 | | $ | (3,756) | | $ | 496,244 | | | $ | 500,000 | | $ | (4,729) | | $ | 495,271 | |
| Term Loan B | Term Loan B | 419,688 | | (13,353) | | 406,335 | | | 423,938 | | (15,480) | | 408,458 | |
| Convertible Notes | — | | — | | — | | | 69,918 | | (2,040) | | 67,878 | |
The unamortized issuance costs related to the 2020 Revolver were $2.1$1.4 million and $2.6$1.6 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2020 Credit Agreement
On August 18, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and other lenders. The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $425.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”) and a $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolver”“Revolver”), with sublimitssub-limits for the issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans up to the aggregate amounts of $75.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively. The Term Loan B will mature on August 18, 2027, and the 2020 Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, in each case, unlessexcept that if any of the 2017 Senior Notes (defined below) remain outstanding beyond future dates specified below, the maturity of certain amounts of the Term Loan B will be accelerated (“spring-forward maturity”). As amended (see below), the spring-forward maturity provisions are as follows: (i) if on January 30, 2025, any of the 2017 Senior Notes remain outstanding, onthe maturity date for one tranche of the Term Loan B (representing 10.2% of the principal balance) shall be January 30, 2025 (which is 91 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), in which case, both and (ii) if on April 21, 2025, any of the 2017 Senior Notes remain outstanding, the maturity date for another tranche of the Term Loan B and(representing 89.8% of the 2020principal balance) shall be April 21, 2025 (which is 10 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), subject to certain further exceptions. The Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, unless any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on January 30, 2025, (subjectin which case any extensions of credit under the Revolver will mature and the commitments under the Revolver will be reduced to zero, in each case, on January 30, 2025, subject to certain further exceptions)exceptions.
On December 20, 2023, the Company amended the 2020 Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”), which modified the spring-forward maturity provision solely in respect of those Term Loan B lenders that, immediately prior to the effective date, consented to the Amendment (the “Consenting Lenders”). The Amendment extends the spring-forward maturity provision applicable to the Consenting Lenders’ portion of the Term Loan B from January 30, 2025 to April 21, 2025, so that if any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on April 21, 2025, that will be the maturity date of the portion of the Term Loan B held by the Consenting Lenders (“Tranche B” of the Term Loan B). The portion of the Term Loan B held by any non-Consenting
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Lenders (“Tranche A” of the Term Loan B) and the Revolver remain unchanged and retain the spring-forward maturity of January 30, 2025 as described above. Other than in respect of the spring-forward maturity provision described in this paragraph, the terms of the Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans are identical, and the Amendment made no modifications to the terms of the Revolver.
The Consenting Lenders were paid a fee of 0.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the portion of the Term Loan B held by such Consenting Lenders. The fees paid to the Consenting Lenders totaled $1.7 million and are included in debt issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023.
The 2020 Credit Agreement permits the Company to repay any or all borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Credit Agreement at any time prior to maturity without penalty. The 2020 Credit Agreement requires the Company to make regularly scheduled payments of principal on the Term Loan B in quarterly installments equal to 0.25% of the initial principal amount of the Term Loan B. The 2020 Credit Agreement also requires the Company to make prepayments on the Term Loan B in connection with certain asset sales, receipts of insurance proceeds, incurrences of unpermittedcertain indebtedness and annual excess cash flow (subject(in each case, subject to certain customary exceptions). At December 31, 2023 and 2022, current maturities of long-term debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets include $91.0 million and $44.0 million, respectively, of principal on the Term Loan B, relating to the mandatory prepayment provision of the 2020 Credit Agreement in respect of annual excess cash flow. The $91.0 million prepayment included in current maturities at December 31, 2023, which was due by the first week of April 2024, was paid in February 2024, and the $44.0 million included in current maturities at December 31, 2022 was paid in the second quarter of 2023.
Subject to certain exceptions, at any time prior to maturity, the 2020 Credit Agreement provides the Company with the right to increase the commitments under the 2020 Revolver and/or to establish one or more term loan facilities in an aggregate amount up to (i) the greater of $173.5 million and 50% LTM EBITDA (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) plus (ii) additional amounts if (A) in the case of pari passu first lien secured indebtedness, the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2020 Credit Agreement) does not exceed 1.35:1.00, (B) in the case of junior lien secured indebtedness, the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) does not exceed 3.50:1.00 and (C) in the case of unsecured indebtedness, (x) the Total Net Leverage Ratio does not exceed 3.50:1.00 or (y) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) is no less than 2.00:1.00.
Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to (i) (a) LIBOR(A) in the case of the Term Loan B, following the amendment to the 2020 Credit Agreement on May 2, 2023 (as discussed below), (x) the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (calculated with a 11.448 basis point, 26.161 basis point and 42.826 basis point credit spread adjustment for a 1, 3 and 6 month interest period, respectively) or (b)(y) a base rate (determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points and (3) the LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 100 basis points) and (B) in case of the Revolver, following the amendment to the 2020 Credit Agreement on October 31, 2022 (as discussed below), (x) the Adjusted Term SOFR rate (calculated with a 10 basis point credit spread adjustment for all interest periods) or (y) a base rate (determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points and (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR rate for a one-month interest period plus 100 basis points) plus, in each case, (ii) an applicable margin. The margin applicable to the Term Loan B is between 4.50% and 4.75% for LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR and between 3.50% and 3.75% for base rate, (which was initially 4.75% for LIBOR and 3.75% for base rate), and, in each case, is based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio. The margin applicable to the 2020 Revolver is between 4.25% and 4.75% for LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR and 3.25% and 3.75% for base rate, (which was initially 4.75% for LIBOR and 3.75% for base rate), and, in each case, is based on the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio. Effective following the amendment to the 2020 Credit Agreement on October 31, 2022, the Company’s original London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) option in respect of the Revolver was transitioned to Adjusted Term SOFR. Effective May 2, 2023, the 2020 Credit Agreement was further amended to transition the Company’s original LIBOR option in respect of the Term Loan B to Adjusted Term SOFR. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the 2020 Credit Agreement, the Company will pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the 2020 Revolver in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The Company will pay customary letter of credit fees. If a payment or bankruptcy event of default occurs and is continuing, the otherwise applicable margin on overdue amounts will be increased by 2% per annum. The agreement2020 Credit Agreement includes customary provisions for the replacement of LIBORAdjusted Term SOFR with an alternative benchmark rate upon LIBORupon Adjusted Term SOFR being discontinued. The weighted-average annual interest rate on borrowings under the 2020 Revolver was 6.5%11.8% during the year ended December 31, 2021.2023.
The 2020 Credit Agreement requires,initially required, solely with respect to the 2020 Revolver, only, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 2.75:1:00, stepping down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022. On October 31, 2022, the 2020 Credit Agreement was amended to increase the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level to 2.75:1.00 (from 2.25:1.00), effective the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2022, and
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
subsequently stepping back down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023. On March 10, 2023, the 2020 Credit Agreement was further amended to set the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level to 3.50:1.00, effective the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022 and increasing to 3.75:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2023 and subsequently stepping down to 3.00:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023, 2.50:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023 and 2.25:1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023 and each fiscal quarter thereafter. The 2020 Credit Agreement also includes certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of the Company’s existing and future material wholly-owned subsidiaries unconditionally guarantee the obligations of the Company under the 2020 Credit Agreement; additionally, subject to certain exceptions, the obligations are secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries guaranteeing these obligations.
As of December 31, 2021, $27 million was2023, no amounts were outstanding and $148$175 million was available under the 2020 Revolver. The Company had not utilized the 2020 Revolver for letters of credit. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenantscovenant under the 2020 Credit Agreement for the period ended December 31, 2021.
Termination of 2017 Credit Facility
On August 18, 2020, the Company used proceeds from the Term Loan B to repay outstanding amounts under its credit agreement (the “2017 Credit Facility”) with SunTrust Bank, now known as Truist Bank, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and a syndicate of other lenders, at which time the 2017 Credit Facility was terminated.
Repurchase and Repayment of Convertible Notes
On June 15, 2016, the Company issued $200 million of 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes due June 15, 2021 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private placement offering. On August 19, 2020, the Company used proceeds from the Term Loan B to repurchase $130.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $132.4 million (including accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date). As a result of the repurchase, the Company recognized a $7.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in 2020, which is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company repaid the remaining $69.9 million principal balance of the Convertible Notes at maturity on June 15, 2021 using proceeds from the Term Loan B, which were held in a restricted cash account for this purpose. As of June 15, 2021, the discount and deferred debt costs associated with the Convertible Notes were fully amortized, the principal balance of the Convertible Notes was equal to their fair value and there was no gain or loss on extinguishment at maturity. None of the Convertible Notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021.
To account for the Convertible Notes, the Company applied the provisions of ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”). ASC 470-20 requires issuers of certain convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. This is done by allocating the proceeds from issuance to the liability component based on the fair value of the debt instrument excluding the conversion feature, with the residual allocated to the equity component and classified in additional paid in capital. The $46.8 million difference between the initial principal amount of the Convertible Notes ($200.0 million) and the proceeds initially allocated to the liability component ($153.2 million) was treated as a discount on the Convertible Notes. This difference was amortized as non-cash interest expense
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
using the interest method, as shown below under Interest Expense. The equity component, however, is not subject to amortization nor subsequent remeasurement.
In addition, ASC 470-20 requires that the debt issuance costs associated with a convertible debt instrument be allocated between the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the debt proceeds between these two components.
The following table presents information related to the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes:
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | | December 31, 2020 |
Liability component: | | | |
Principal | | | $ | 69,918 | |
Conversion feature | | | (46,800) | |
Allocated debt issuance costs | | | (5,051) | |
Amortization and extinguishment of discount and debt issuance costs (non-cash interest expense) | | | 49,811 | |
Net carrying amount | | | $ | 67,878 | |
| | | |
Equity component: | | | |
Conversion feature | | | $ | 46,800 | |
Reacquisition of conversion option from repurchase of notes, net of tax | | | (764) | |
Allocated debt issuance costs | | | (1,543) | |
Deferred taxes | | | (18,815) | |
Net carrying amount | | | $ | 25,678 | |
2023.2017 Senior Notes
On April 20, 2017, the Company issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “2017 Senior Notes”) in a private placement offering. Interest on the 2017 Senior Notes is payable in arrears semi-annually in May and November of each year, beginning in November 2017.
The Company may redeem the 2017 Senior Notes at specified redemption prices described in the indenture. Upon a change of control, holders of the 2017 Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or part of the 2017 Senior Notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
The 2017 Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by substantially all of the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries that also guarantee obligations under the Company’s 2020 Credit Agreement, as defined above. In addition, the indenture for the 2017 Senior Notes provides for customary covenants, including events of default and restrictions on the payment of dividends and share repurchases.
Equipment Financing and Mortgages
The Company has certain loans entered into for the purchase of specific property, plant and equipment and secured by the assets purchased. The aggregate balance of equipment financing loans was approximately $41.7$26.4 million and $36.9$37.0 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, with interest rates ranging fromfrom 2.54% to 3.89%7.32% with equal monthly installment payments over periods up to 5 years.years. The aggregate balance of mortgage loans was approximately $14.6$8.4 million and $10.7$11.6 million at December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, with interest rates ranging from a fixed 2.25% to LIBORSOFR plus 3%2.00% and equal monthly installment payments over periods up to 10 years as well as one loan with a balloon payment.
The following table presents the future principal payments required under all of $6.8 million due in 2023.the Company’s debt obligations, discussed above:
| | | | | |
Year (in thousands) | |
| 2024 | $ | 117,431 | |
| 2025 | 514,444 | |
| 2026 | 10,336 | |
| 2027 | 264,778 | |
| 2028 | 747 | |
| Thereafter | 3,009 | |
| 910,745 | |
| Less: Unamortized discounts and issuance costs | 11,000 | |
| Total | $ | 899,745 | |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table presents the future principal payments required under all of the Company’s debt obligations, discussed above:
| | | | | |
Year (in thousands) | |
| 2022 | $ | 24,406 | |
| 2023 | 23,187 | |
| 2024 | 16,137 | |
| 2025 | 539,888 | |
| 2026 | 8,578 | |
| Thereafter | 398,567 | |
| 1,010,763 | |
| Less: Unamortized discounts and issuance costs | 17,109 | |
| Total | $ | 993,654 | |
Interest Expense
Interest expense as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations consisted of the following:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| For the year ended December 31, | | | For the year ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Cash interest expense: | Cash interest expense: | |
| Interest on Term Loan B | |
| Interest on Term Loan B | |
| Interest on Term Loan B | |
| Interest on 2017 Senior Notes | Interest on 2017 Senior Notes | $ | 34,375 | | | $ | 34,375 | | | $ | 34,375 | |
| Interest on Term Loan B | 24,590 | | | 9,028 | | | — | |
| Interest on 2020 Revolver | 1,479 | | | 77 | | | — | |
| Interest on 2017 Credit Facility | — | | | 5,341 | | | 11,990 | |
| Interest on Convertible Notes | 921 | | | 4,373 | | | 5,750 | |
| Interest on Revolver | |
| Interest on convertible notes | |
| Other interest | Other interest | 1,905 | | | 2,079 | | | 2,172 | |
| Cash portion of loss on extinguishment | — | | | 786 | | | — | |
| Total cash interest expense | Total cash interest expense | 63,270 | | | 56,059 | | | 54,287 | |
Non-cash interest expense(a): | Non-cash interest expense(a): | |
| Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Convertible Notes | 2,040 | | | 8,944 | | | 10,811 | |
| Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Term Loan B | Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Term Loan B | 2,175 | | | 784 | | | — | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2020 Revolver | 568 | | | 206 | | | — | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2017 Credit Facility | — | | | 1,001 | | | 1,552 | |
| Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Term Loan B | |
| Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Term Loan B | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2017 Senior Notes | Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2017 Senior Notes | 973 | | | 906 | | | 844 | |
| Non-cash portion of loss on extinguishment | — | | | 8,312 | | | — | |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs on Revolver | |
| Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on convertible notes | |
| Total non-cash interest expense | Total non-cash interest expense | 5,756 | | | 20,153 | | | 13,207 | |
| | Total interest expense | Total interest expense | $ | 69,026 | | | $ | 76,212 | | | $ | 67,494 | |
| Total interest expense | |
| Total interest expense | |
(a)The combination of cash and non-cash interest expense produces effective interest rates that are higher than contractual rates. Accordingly, the effective interest rates for the 2017 Senior Notes and Term Loan B were 7.13% and the Convertible Notes were 7.13%11.16%, 6.48% and 9.39%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021.2023.
8. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are involved in litigation and other legal proceedings and forms of dispute resolution in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to disputes over contract payment and/or performance-related issues (such as disagreements regarding delay or a change in the scope of work of a project and/or the price associated with that change) and other matters incidental to the Company’s business. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company makes assessments of these types of matters on a routine basis and, to the extent permitted by ASC 606, estimates and records
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
recovery related to these matters as a form of variable consideration at the most likely amount the Company expects to receive, as discussed further in Note 1(d) and Note 4. In addition, the Company is contingently liable for litigation, performance guarantees and other commitments arising in the ordinary course of business, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. Management reviews these matters regularly and updates or revises its estimates as warranted by subsequent information and developments. These assessments require judgments concerning matters that are inherently uncertain, such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations and the estimated cost of resolving disputes. Consequently, these assessments are estimates, and actual amounts may vary from such estimates. In addition, because such matters are typically resolved over long periods of time, the Company’s assets and liabilities may change over time should the circumstances dictate. The description of the legal proceedings listed below include management’s assessment of those proceedings. Management believes that, based on current information and discussions with the Company’s legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of other matters is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
A description of the material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business is as follows:
Five Star Electric Matter
In the third quarter of 2015, Five Star Electric Corp. (“Five Star”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company that was acquired in 2011, entered into a tolling agreement (which has since expired) related to an ongoing investigation being conducted by the United States Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York (“USAO EDNY”). Five Star has been cooperating with the USAO EDNY since late June 2014, when it was first made aware of the investigation, and has provided information requested by the government related to its use of certain minority-owned, women-owned, small and disadvantaged business enterprises and certain of Five Star’s employee compensation, benefit and tax practices.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company has concluded that the potential for a material adverse financial impact on Five Star or the Company as a result of the investigation is remote.
Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter
In January 2011, Seattle Tunnel Partners (“STP”), a joint venture between Dragados USA, Inc. and the Company, entered into a design-build contract with the Washington State Department of Transportation (“WSDOT”) for the construction of a large-diameterlarge-
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
diameter bored tunnel in downtown Seattle, King County, Washington to replace the Alaskan Way Viaduct, also known as State Route 99. The Company has a 45% interest in STP.
The construction of the large-diameter bored tunnel required the use of a tunnel boring machine (“TBM”). In December 2013, the TBM struck a steel pipe, installed by WSDOT as a well casing for an exploratory well. The TBM was significantly damaged and was required to be repaired. STP has asserted that the steel pipe casing was a differing site condition that WSDOT failed to properly disclose. The Disputes Review Board mandated by the contract to hear disputes issued a decision finding the steel casing was a Type I (material) differing site condition. WSDOT did not accept that finding.
The TBM was insured under a Builder’s Risk Insurance Policy (the “Policy”) with Great Lakes Reinsurance (UK) PLC and a consortium of other insurers (the “Insurers”). STP submitted the claims to the Insurers and requested interim payments under the Policy. The Insurers refused to pay and denied coverage. In June 2015, STP filed a lawsuit in the King County Superior Court, State of Washington seeking declaratory relief concerning contract interpretation, as well as damages as a result of the Insurers’ breach of their obligations under the terms of the Policy. STP is also asserting extra-contractual and statutory claims against the Insurers. STP submitted damages to the Insurers in the King County lawsuit in the amount of $532 million. WSDOT is deemed a plaintiff since WSDOT is an insured under the Policy and had filed its own claim for damages. Hitachi Zosen (“Hitachi”), the manufacturer of the TBM, joined the case as a plaintiff for costs incurred to repair the damages to the TBM.
In April and September 2018, rulings received on pre-trial motions limited some of the potential recoveries under the Policy for STP, WSDOT and Hitachi. On August 2, 2021, the Court of Appeals reversed in part certain of those limitations but affirmed other parts of those rulings. On January 5,September 15, 2022, the Washington Supreme Court issued an order granting STP, WSDOT and Hitachi’s requests for discretionary review ofaffirmed the portionsdecision of the Court of Appeals’ decisionAppeals, which limits recovery of certain damages under the Policy. Based on the rulings of the Court of Appeals, the case will continue for adjudication on the remaining facts and legal issues, including the number of covered occurrences which could increase the amount of available coverage under the Policy and the amount of investigative costs that affirmedare subject to the April and September 2018 decisions.Policy limits. STP also asserted $532 million of damages from WSDOT relatedhas claims for costs, fees, pre-judgment interest and extra-contractual and statutory claims, which are not subject to the pipe-strike byPolicy limits. The case has been scheduled for trial commencing September 23, 2024.
In addition, STP has a pending case in the Washington Superior Court against HNTB Corporation (“HNTB”), its design firm on the project, wherein STP alleges that HNTB is liable for providing design services that resulted in the TBM striking the steel pipe described above and for additional steel quantity costs associated with the project. STP’s complaint seeks in a related lawsuitexcess of $640 million. The case is scheduled for trial to commence on April 27, 2025.
With respect to STP’s direct and indirect claims against the Insurers and HNTB, management has included in Thurston County (see following paragraph).receivables an estimate of the total anticipated recovery concluded to be probable.
In March 2016, WSDOT filed a complaint against STP in Thurston County Superior Court alleging breach of contract, seeking $57.2 million in delay-related damages and seeking declaratory relief concerning contract interpretation. STP filed its answer to
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
WSDOT’s complaint andsubsequently filed a counterclaim against WSDOT and Hitachi, as the TBM designer, seeking damages of $667 million. On October 3, 2019, STP and Hitachi entered into a settlement agreement which released and dismissed the claims that STP and Hitachi had against each other.WSDOT. The jury trial between STP and WSDOT commenced on October 7, 2019 and concluded on December 13, 2019, with a jury verdict in favor of WSDOT awarding them $57.2 million in damages. Judgment was entered on January 10, 2020, and STP appealed the decision. The appeal was argued on December 10, 2021 and STP is awaiting a decision from the Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, which is expected in the second half of 2022. If STP is successful in its appeal, the case will be remanded to the trial court for a new trial.
The Company recorded the impact of the jury verdict during the fourth quarter of 2019, resulting in a pre-tax charge of $166.8 million, which included $25.7 million for the Company’s 45% proportionate share of the $57.2 million in damages awarded by the jury to WSDOT. Payment of damages will only be made if the adverse verdict is upheld on appeal, as the payment is secured by a bond for the course of the appeal. Other than the possible future cash payment of $25.7 million for damages, theThe charge was for non-cash write-downs primarily related to the costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and receivables that the Company previously recorded to reflect its expected recovery in this case.
With respect to STP’s directSTP filed a petition for discretionary review by the Washington Supreme Court on July 12, 2022, which was denied by the Supreme Court on October 10, 2022. On October 18, 2022, STP paid the damages and indirect claims againstassociated interest from the Insurers, managementjudgment, which included the Company’s proportionate share of $34.6 million. As a result, the lawsuit between STP and WSDOT has included in receivables an estimate of the total anticipated recovery concluded to be probable.concluded.
George Washington Bridge Bus Station Matter
In August 2013, Tutor Perini Building Corp. (“TPBC”) entered into a contract with the George Washington Bridge Bus Station Development Venture, LLC (the “Developer”) to renovate the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, a mixed-use facility owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (the “Port Authority”) that serves as a transit facility and retail space. The $100 million project experienced significant design errors and associated delays, resulting in damages to TPBC and its subcontractors, including WDF and Five Star, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. The project reached substantial completionfacility opened to the public on May 16, 2017.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
On February 26, 2015, the Developer filed a demand for arbitration, subsequently amended, seeking $30 million in alleged damages and declaratory relief that TPBC’s requests for additional compensation arewere invalid due to lack of notice. TPBC denied the Developer’s claims and filed a counterclaim in March 2018. TPBC seekswas seeking in excess of $113 million in the arbitration, which includesincluded unpaid contract balance claims, the return of $29 million retained by the Developer in alleged damages, as well as extra work claims, pass-through claims and delay claims. The Developer was seeking an additional $4.8 million in damages from TPBC beyond the $29 million it had withheld.
Hearings on the merits commenced on September 24, 2018 before the arbitration panel. On June 4, 2019, the arbitration panel, as confirmed by the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York, issued a writ of attachment against Developer for $23 million of the $29 million discussed above. On October 7, 2019, the Developer filed for bankruptcy protection in the Southern District of New York under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The filing for bankruptcy stayed the pending arbitration proceedings. TPBC appeared in the bankruptcy proceedings on October 8, 2019 and filed a Proof of Claim in the amount of $113 million on December 13, 2019.
On June 5, 2020, the Developer, secured lenders and the Port Authority announced that they had reached a settlement of their disputes. As part of the settlement, the Port Authority waived the enforcement of its right to seek a “cure” pursuant to its lease agreement with the Developer, which requires construction costs be paid prior to any sale of the leasehold, the sole asset in the Developer’s bankruptcy estate to be distributed in this bankruptcy. On July 14, 2020, the bankruptcy court conducted a hearing to determine (1) whether to approve the settlement agreement between the Developer, secured lenders and the Port Authority; and (2) whether TPBC can assert third-party beneficiary rights to the lease agreement and require that prior to the sale of the leasehold, any outstanding costs owed to contractors for the cost of building the project must be paid pursuant to the lease agreement’s “cure” provisions. On August 12, 2020, the bankruptcy court approved the settlement and denied TPBC’s third-party beneficiary rights under the lease agreement. On August 20, 2020, TPBC filed an appeal with the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to challenge the denial of its third-party beneficiary rights under the lease agreement’s “cure” provisions to avoid being subordinate to the claims of the secured lenders in the bankruptcy proceedings, which was denied by the U.S. District Court on August 4, 2021 and is now before2021. TPBC filed an appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.on August 20, 2021, which conducted oral argument on October 27, 2022. On August 25, 2021,April 10, 2023, the Second Circuit affirmed the bankruptcy court approvedcourt’s and district court’s denials of TPBC’s third-party beneficiary rights under the saleproject’s lease agreement’s “cure” provisions and concluded that TPBC’s claims were not otherwise entitled to priority treatment under the Bankruptcy Code and should therefore be treated as unsecured claims that are subordinate to the claims of the leasehold, which was completed on August 31, 2021. On October 1, 2021,secured lenders in the Developer’s bankruptcy court convertedcase. As a result of this adverse decision from the caseSecond Circuit, the Company recorded a non-cash, pre-tax charge to income (loss) from a Chapter 11construction operations of $83.6 million in the first quarter of 2023.TPBC has no further avenues to a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding.recover its costs from the Developer or the bankruptcy-related actions, nor does the Developer have any ability to recover its claims against TPBC, and these lawsuits have now concluded.
Separately, on July 2, 2018, TPBC filed a lawsuit against the Port Authority, as owner of the project, seeking the same $113 million in damages pursuant to the lease agreement between the Port Authority and the Developer. On August 20, 2018, the Port Authority filed a motion to dismiss all causes of action, which was denied by the court on July 1, 2019. The Port
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Authority appealed this decision on July 15, 2019. On February 18, 2021, the Appellate Division affirmed in part and reversed in part the trial court's denial of the Port Authority's motion to dismiss TPBC’s causes of action. On March 29, 2021,April 11, 2022, the court granted the Port Authority filed a newAuthority’s motion to dismiss on additionalstatutory notice grounds. The Company filed a notice of appeal on April 28, 2022, which was fully briefed, and was argued on September 21, 2023. On November 14, 2023, the Appellate Division affirmed the dismissal of the lawsuit. This lawsuit is now concluded.
In addition, on August 11, 2021, TPBC filed a second lawsuit in state court against the Port Authority alleging unjust enrichment and tortious interference with TPBC’s right to recover under the lease agreement’s “cure” provision in the bankruptcy proceeding, whichproceeding. The case was removed to the federal court.bankruptcy court on September 21, 2021. The Port Authority filed a motion to dismiss on March 4, 2022, which the federal bankruptcy court granted on September 30, 2022. This lawsuit is now concluded.
On January 27, 2020, TPBC filed separate litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in which TPBC asserted related claims seeking the same $113 million in damages against the individual owners of the Developer for their wrongful conversion of project funds and against lenders that received interest payments from project funds and other amounts earmarked to pay the contractors. On June 1,December 29, 2020, the defendants filed motions to dismiss, which werecourt granted in part and denied in part on December 29, 2020,the defendants’ motions to dismiss, resulting in the lender defendants being dismissed from the lawsuit and the lawsuit against the individual owners of the Developer continuing. The lawsuit was refiled in New York state court on July 26, 2021. On June 8, 2022, the court certified the class under the New York construction trust fund statutes. The case remains pending before the court.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Management has made an estimate of the total anticipated recovery of TPBC’s claims against the individual owners of the Developer on this project, and such estimate is included in revenue recorded to date.
9. Leases
The Company leases certain office space, construction and office equipment, vehicles and temporary housing generally under non-cancelable operating leases. Leases with an initial term of one year or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company generally recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company’s operating leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than one year to 1715 years, some of which include options to renew the leases. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company’s leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are included in other assets, while current and long-term operating lease liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The present value of future lease payments are discounted using either the implicit rate in the lease, if known, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for the specific lease as of the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is also adjusted for any prepayments made or incentives received. The lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease only to the extent it is reasonably certain any of those options will be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company accounts for lease components (e.g., fixed payments) separate from the non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs). The Company does not have any material financing leases.
The following table presents components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 20212023 and 2020:2022:
| | For the year ended December 31, |
| | For the year ended December 31, | | | | For the year ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | | 2021 | 2020 | (in thousands) | | 2023 | 2022 |
| Operating lease expense | Operating lease expense | | $ | 14,733 | | $ | 14,547 | |
Short-term lease expense(a) | Short-term lease expense(a) | | 72,047 | | 87,969 | |
| 86,780 | | 102,516 | |
| | 68,867 | |
| Less: Sublease income | Less: Sublease income | | 697 | | 1,026 | |
| Total lease expense | Total lease expense | | $ | 86,083 | | $ | 101,490 | |
(a)Short-term lease expense includes all leases with lease terms ranging from less than one month to one year. Short-term leases include, among other things, construction equipment rented on an as-needed basis as well as temporary housing.
The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (dollars in thousands) | Balance Sheet Line Item | 2023 | 2022 |
| Assets | | | |
| ROU assets | Other assets | $ | 48,878 | $ | 50,825 |
| Total lease assets | | $ | 48,878 | $ | 50,825 |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Current lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 6,275 | $ | 6,709 |
| Long-term lease liabilities | Other long-term liabilities | 47,781 | 49,176 |
| Total lease liabilities | | $ | 54,056 | $ | 55,885 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | | 10.3 years | 11.0 years |
| Weighted-average discount rate | | 12.13 | % | 11.77 | % |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (dollars in thousands) | Balance Sheet Line Item | 2021 | 2020 |
| Assets | | | |
| ROU assets | Other assets | $ | 53,462 | $ | 55,897 |
| Total lease assets | | $ | 53,462 | $ | 55,897 |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Current lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 7,481 | $ | 7,661 |
| Long-term lease liabilities | Other long-term liabilities | 50,057 | 51,336 |
| Total lease liabilities | | $ | 57,538 | $ | 58,997 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | | 12.0 years | 12.5 years |
| Weighted-average discount rate | | 9.44 | % | 9.22 | % |
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to operating leases:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 |
| Operating cash flow information: | Operating cash flow information: | |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | (13,799) | | $ | (14,591) | |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | |
| Non-cash activity: | Non-cash activity: | |
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | $ | 6,979 | | $ | 29,244 | |
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | |
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | |
The following table presents maturities of operating lease liabilities on an undiscounted basis as of December 31, 2021:2023:
| Year (in thousands) | Year (in thousands) | Operating Leases | Year (in thousands) | Operating Leases |
| 2022 | $ | 12,372 | |
| 2023 | 9,622 | |
| 2024 | 2024 | 7,673 | |
| 2025 | 2025 | 6,803 | |
| 2026 | 2026 | 5,640 | |
| 2027 | |
| 2028 | |
| Thereafter | Thereafter | 60,833 | |
| Total lease payments | Total lease payments | 102,943 | |
| Less: Imputed interest | Less: Imputed interest | 45,405 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 57,538 | |
10. Share-Based Compensation
On April 10, 2018, the Company adopted the Tutor Perini Corporation Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Current Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders on May 23, 2018. The Current Plan effected the merger of the Company’s Amended and Restated Tutor Perini Corporation Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on October 2, 2014 (the “2014 Plan”) and the Tutor Perini Corporation Incentive Compensation Plan adopted on April 3, 2017 (the “2017 Plan,” together with the 2014 Plan and the Current Plan, the “Plans”). As of December 31, 2021,2023, there were 1,243,070987,001 shares of common stock available for grant under the Company’s Current Plan. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Plans had an aggregate of 3,356,616 restricted stock units2,682,894 RSUs and stock options from outstanding, historical awards that either have not vested or have vested but have not been exercised. Any awards that were granted under the Plans that are forfeited, cancelled or held back for net settlement will become available to be issued under the Current Plan.
The terms of the Plans give the Company the right to settle the vesting of share-basedRSU grants in cash or shares. CPSU and DCA grants must only be settled in cash.
Many of the awards issued under the Plans contain separate tranches, each for a separate performance period and each with a performance target to be established subsequent to the award date; accordingly, the tranches are accounted for under ASC 718,
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) as separate grants, with the grant date being the date the performance targets for a given tranche are established and communicated to the grantee. Similarly, for these awards, compliance with the requirements of the Plans is also based on the number of units granted in a given year, as determined by ASC 718, rather than the number of units awarded in a given year.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit,RSU, stock option, CPSU and CPSUDCA activity:
| | Restricted Stock Units | | Stock Options | | CPSUs |
| Number | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share | | Number | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise/
(Strike) Price
Per Share | | Number | | Weighted-
Average Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Unit |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 | 1,469,000 | | | $ | 27.27 | | | 2,943,044 | | | $ | 20.89 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| Granted | 530,000 | | | 20.23 | | | 220,000 | | | 19.66 | | | — | | | — | |
| Expired or cancelled | (104,029) | | | 28.98 | | | (884,029) | | | 21.03 | | | — | | | — | |
| Vested/exercised | (179,971) | | | 25.39 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2019 | 1,715,000 | | | $ | 25.19 | | | 2,279,015 | | | $ | 20.62 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| Granted | 245,000 | | | 20.67 | | | 165,000 | | | 19.24 | | | — | | | — | |
| Expired or cancelled | (403,750) | | | 25.52 | | | (168,750) | | | 25.87 | | | — | | | — | |
| Vested/exercised | (521,250) | | | 29.44 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| RSUs | | | RSUs | | Stock Options | | CPSUs | | DCAs |
| Number | | | Number | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share | | Number | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise/
(Strike) Price
Per Share | | Number | | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit | | Number | | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 | Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 | 1,035,000 | | | $ | 21.85 | | | 2,275,265 | | | $ | 20.13 | | | — | | | $ | — | |
| Granted | Granted | 678,851 | | | 16.26 | | | 100,000 | | | 19.24 | | | 398,852 | | | 20.39 | |
| Expired or cancelled | Expired or cancelled | (155,000) | | | 15.37 | | | (202,500) | | | 20.07 | | | — | | | — | |
| Vested/exercised | Vested/exercised | (370,000) | | | 23.53 | | | (5,000) | | | 13.32 | | | — | | | — | |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | 1,188,851 | | | $ | 18.98 | | | 2,167,765 | | | $ | 20.11 | | | 398,852 | | | $ | 20.39 | |
| Granted | |
| Expired or cancelled | |
| Vested/exercised | |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | |
| Granted | |
| Expired or cancelled | |
| Vested/exercised | |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | |
| Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2023 | |
Included in the above table are certain restricted stock unitRSU grants which are classified as liabilities in accordance with ASC 718 because they contain a guaranteed minimum payout. These awards may be performance-based or time-based and may be settled in shares of the Company's stock, cash or a combination thereof, at the Company's discretion. As of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, there were 260,00050,000 and 270,000 restricted stock units125,000 RSUs with guaranteed minimum payouts outstanding, with weighted-average grant date fair values per share of $27.53$26.32 and $27.80,$26.33, respectively.
The Company recognized liabilities for CPSUs, and restricted stock unitsRSUs with guaranteed minimum payouts and DCAs totaling approximately $4.8$4.9 million and $2.4$2.1 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. The Company paid approximately $2.8 million in 2023, $3.6 million in 2022 and $0.3 million in each of 2021 and 2020 to settle liability-classified awards, and there were no cash settlements in 2019.certain awards.
The following table summarizes unrestricted stock awards, which are generally issued to the non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors as part of their annual retainer fees:
| | Unrestricted Stock Awards |
| Unrestricted Stock Awards | | | Unrestricted Stock Awards |
| Year | Year | Number | | Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share | Year | Number | | Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value Per Share |
| 2019 | 98,591 | | | $ | 15.72 | |
| 2020 | 194,177 | | | 8.60 | |
| 2021 | 2021 | 101,894 | | | 15.47 | |
| 2022 | |
| 2023 | |
The fair value of unrestricted stock awards issued during 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 was approximately $1.6 million, $1.7 million, $1.8 million and $1.5$1.6 million, respectively.
The fair value of restricted stock unitsRSUs that vested during 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 20192021 was approximately $4.1 million, $5.7 million and $5.3 million, $4.1respectively. The fair value of CPSUs and DCAs that vested during 2023 was approximately $1.1 million and $3.1$0.2 million, respectively. There were no CPSUs or DCAs that vested during 2022 or 2021. As of December 31, 2021,2023, the balance of unamortized restricted stock, stock optionRSU, CPSU and CPSUDCA expense was $12.9$7.2 million, $2.0$4.4 million and $6.8$1.6 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over weighted-average periods of 1.6 years for RSUs, 1.9 years for restricted stock units, 1.9CPSUs and 2.3 years for DCAs. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining balance of unamortized stock options and 2.0 years for CPSUs.option expense was immaterial.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The 2,167,7651,435,265 outstanding stock options as of December 31, 20212023 had an intrinsic value of $0.6 millionzero and a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 3.82.9 years. Of those outstanding options: (1) 1,842,7651,335,265 were exercisable with an intrinsic value of $0.6 million,zero, a weighted-average exercise price of $20.77$23.64 per share and a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 3.02.6 years; (2) 325,000100,000 have not vested and have no intrinsic value, a weighted-average exercise price of $16.37$19.24 per share and a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 8.57.2 years. The 325,000 unvested stock
No options include 187,500 with time-based or market-based vesting conditions that are expected to vest, as well as 137,500 with market-based vesting conditions that are not expected to vest.
were granted in either 2023 and 2022. The fair value on the grant date and the significant assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model arefor grants made in the year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Total stock options granted | 100,000 | | | 165,000 | | | 220,000 | |
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 15.21 | | | $ | 7.67 | | | $ | 7.59 | |
| Weighted-average assumptions: | | | | | |
| Risk-free rate | 1.4 | % | | 1.2 | % | | 2.1 | % |
Expected life of options(a) | 6.5 years | | 6.3 years | | 6.1 years |
Expected volatility(b) | 73.7 | % | | 60.7 | % | | 39.4 | % |
| Expected quarterly dividends | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2021 |
| Total stock options granted | | | 100,000 | |
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | | | $ | 15.21 | |
| Weighted-average assumptions: | | | |
| Risk-free rate | | | 1.4 | % |
Expected life of options(a) | | | 6.5 years |
Expected volatility(b) | | | 73.7 | % |
| Expected quarterly dividends | | | $ | — | |
(a)Calculated using the simplified method due to the terms of the stock options and the limited pool of grantees.
(b)Calculated using historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over periods commensurate with the expected life of the option.
For the respective years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019,2021, the Company recognized, as part of general and administrative expenses, costs for share-based payment arrangements for employees of$10.5 million, $7.4 million and $10.0 million, $10.2 million and $17.5 million.respectively. Additionally for the same periods, the Company recognized as part of general and administrative expenses, costs for share-based awards to non-employee directors of $1.7 million, $1.6 million for each of the three years.and $1.6 million, respectively. The aggregate tax benefits for these awards were approximately $1.2$0.3 million $1.3, $0.9 million and $2.9$1.2 million, for the respective periods. During the year ended December 31, 2023, share-based compensation was reduced by $0.5 million due to the modification of certain share-based awards. The modifications related to the separation of certain employees from the Company. The modifications also resulted in a modification-date fair value totaling $0.4 million which will be amortized as share-based compensation expense through March 2024.
11. Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain of its executive, professional, administrative and clerical employees, subject to certain specified service requirements. The pension plan is noncontributory and benefits are based on an employee’s years of service and “final average earnings,” as defined by the pension plan. The pension plan provides reduced benefits for early retirement and takes into account offsets for social security benefits. The Company also has an unfunded supplemental retirement plan (“Benefit Equalization Plan”) for certain employees whose benefits under the defined benefit pension plan were reduced because of compensation limitations under federal tax laws. Effective June 1, 2004, all benefit accruals under the Company’s pension plan and Benefit Equalization Plan were frozen; however, the current vested benefit was preserved. Pension disclosure as presented below includes aggregated amounts for both of the Company’s plans, except where otherwise indicated.
The Company historically has used the date of its year-end as its measurement date to determine the funded status of the pension plan.
The long-term investment goals of the Company’s pension plan are to manage the assets in accordance with the legal requirements of all applicable laws; produce investment returns which maximize return within reasonable and prudent levels of risks; and achieve a fully funded status with regard to current pension liabilities. Some risk must be assumed in order to achieve the investment goals. Investments with the ability to withstand short and intermediate term variability are considered and some interim fluctuations in market value and rates of return are tolerated in order to achieve the pension plan’s longer-term objectives.
The pension plan’s assets are managed by a third-party investment manager. The Company monitors investment performance and risk on an ongoing basis.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The pension plan’s assets are managed by a third-party investment manager. The Company monitors investment performance and risk on an ongoing basis.
The following table sets forth a summary of net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019:2021:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Interest cost | Interest cost | $ | 2,349 | | | $ | 3,032 | | | $ | 3,801 | |
| Service cost | Service cost | 935 | | | 925 | | | 900 | |
| Expected return on plan assets | Expected return on plan assets | (3,976) | | | (4,022) | | | (4,170) | |
| Recognized net actuarial losses | Recognized net actuarial losses | 2,860 | | | 2,407 | | | 1,933 | |
| Net periodic benefit cost | Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 2,168 | | | $ | 2,342 | | | $ | 2,464 | |
| Actuarial assumptions used to determine net cost: | Actuarial assumptions used to determine net cost: | |
| Discount rate | Discount rate | 2.24 | % | | 3.07 | % | | 4.12 | % |
| Discount rate | |
| Discount rate | | 5.16 | % | | 2.65 | % | | 2.24 | % |
| Expected return on assets | Expected return on assets | 5.75 | % | | 5.75 | % | | 5.75 | % | Expected return on assets | 6.25 | % | | 5.75 | % | | 5.75 | % |
| Rate of increase in compensation | Rate of increase in compensation | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | Rate of increase in compensation | N/A | | N/A |
The target asset allocation for the Company’s pension plan by asset category for 20222024 and the actual asset allocation as of December 31, 20212023 and 20202022 by asset category are as follows:
| | Percentage of Plan Assets as of December 31, |
| Target Allocation 2022 | | |
| Actual Allocation |
| Percentage of Plan Assets as of December 31, | | | Percentage of Plan Assets as of December 31, |
| Target Allocation 2024 | |
| | Actual Allocation | |
| | Actual Allocation | |
| | Actual Allocation | |
| Asset Category | Asset Category | Target Allocation 2022 | | 2021 | | 2020 | Asset Category | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Cash | Cash | | 4 | % | | 5 | % | Cash | 5 | % | | 6 | % | | 5 | % |
| Equity funds: | Equity funds: | |
| Domestic | Domestic | 47 | | | 47 | | | 34 | |
| Domestic | |
| Domestic | |
| International | International | 15 | | | 16 | | | 17 | |
| Fixed income funds | Fixed income funds | 33 | | | 33 | | | 44 | |
| Total | Total | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | Total | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
Due to the election of certain options provided under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, enacted on March 11, 2021, theThe Company is not requiredexpects to contribute additional amountsapproximately $2.4 million to theits defined benefit pension plan in 2022.2024.
Future benefit payments under the plans for the next ten years are estimated as follows:
| | (in thousands) | (in thousands) | |
| Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | |
| 2022 | $ | 6,881 | |
| 2023 | 6,795 | |
| Year ended December 31, | |
| Year ended December 31, | |
| 2024 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2024 | 2024 | 6,747 | |
| 2025 | 2025 | 6,657 | |
| 2026 | 2026 | 6,580 | |
| 2027-2031 | 30,545 | |
| 2027 | |
| 2028 | |
| 2029-2033 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 64,205 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following tables provide a reconciliation of the changes in the fair value of plan assets and plan benefit obligations during 20212023 and 2020,2022, and a summary of the funded status as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020:2022:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets | Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets | |
| Balance at beginning of year | |
| Balance at beginning of year | |
| Balance at beginning of year | Balance at beginning of year | $ | 71,940 | | | $ | 73,357 | |
| Actual return on plan assets | Actual return on plan assets | 6,844 | | | 899 | |
| Company contribution | Company contribution | 1,235 | | | 4,408 | |
| Benefit payments | Benefit payments | (6,644) | | | (6,724) | |
| Balance at end of year | Balance at end of year | $ | 73,375 | | | $ | 71,940 | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Change in Benefit Obligations | Change in Benefit Obligations | |
| Balance at beginning of year | |
| Balance at beginning of year | |
| Balance at beginning of year | Balance at beginning of year | $ | 107,824 | | | $ | 102,607 | |
| Interest cost | Interest cost | 2,349 | | | 3,032 | |
| Service cost | Service cost | 935 | | | 925 | |
| Assumption change (gain) loss | Assumption change (gain) loss | (3,921) | | | 7,902 | |
| Actuarial loss | 983 | | | 81 | |
| Actuarial (gain) loss | |
| Benefit payments | Benefit payments | (6,644) | | | (6,723) | |
| Balance at end of year | Balance at end of year | $ | 101,526 | | | $ | 107,824 | |
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Funded status | Funded status | $ | (28,151) | | | $ | (35,884) | |
| Net unfunded amounts recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of: | Net unfunded amounts recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of: | |
| Current liabilities | Current liabilities | $ | (292) | | | $ | (293) | |
| Current liabilities | |
| Current liabilities | |
| Long-term liabilities | Long-term liabilities | (27,859) | | | (35,591) | |
| Total net unfunded amount recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets | Total net unfunded amount recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets | $ | (28,151) | | | $ | (35,884) | |
Amounts not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost and included in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of net actuarial losses before income taxes of $56.5$44.8 million and $65.2$49.3 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively.
The discount rate used in determining the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation was 2.7%5.0% and 5.2% as of December 31, 20212023 and 2.2% as of December 31, 2020.2022, respectively. The discount rate used for the accumulated post-retirement obligation was derived using a blend of U.S. Treasury and high-quality corporate bond discount rates.
The expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption was 5.8%6.3% for both 20212023 and 2020.2022. The expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption was developed considering forward looking capital market assumptions and historical return expectations for each asset class assuming the plans’ target asset allocation and full availability of invested assets.
Closely held fund strategies seek to capitalize on inefficiencies identified across different asset classes or markets and include investments in both long and short equity securities.
Plan assets were measured at fair value. Mutual funds are public investment vehicles valued using the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) of shares held by the pension plan at year-end. Equity partnerships and fixedFixed income funds are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. Closely held funds, which are only available through private offerings, do not have readily determinable fair values. Estimates of fair value of these funds were determined using the information provided by the fund managers and are generally based on the NAV per share or its equivalent.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table sets forth the pension plan assets at fair value in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 12:
| | As of December 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | | Fair Value Hierarchy | |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | | As of December 31, 2023 | | As of December 31, 2022 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | |
| (in thousands) | |
| (in thousands) | |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,533 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,533 | | | $ | 1,582 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,582 | |
| Fixed income funds | Fixed income funds | — | | | 3,057 | | | — | | | 3,057 | | | 2,000 | | | 3,086 | | | — | | | 5,086 | |
| Mutual funds | Mutual funds | 54,966 | | | — | | | — | | | 54,966 | | | 54,671 | | | — | | | — | | | 54,671 | |
| $ | 57,499 | | | $ | 3,057 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 60,556 | | | $ | 58,253 | | | $ | 3,086 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 61,339 | |
| $ | |
Closely held funds(a) | Closely held funds(a) | | | |
| Equity partnerships | |
| Equity partnerships | |
| Equity partnerships | Equity partnerships | | 4,259 | | | 3,700 | |
| Hedge fund investments | Hedge fund investments | | 8,560 | | | 6,901 | |
Total closely held funds(a) | Total closely held funds(a) | | 12,819 | | | 10,601 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 57,499 | | | $ | 3,057 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 73,375 | | | $ | 58,253 | | | $ | 3,086 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 71,940 | |
(a)The pension plan’s investments in closely held funds are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy because they are measured at NAV using the practical expedient under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). The underlying holdings of closely held funds were comprisedcomposed of a combination of Level 1, 2 and 3 investments, and in some cases, may also include investments not categorized in the fair value hierarchy because they are measured at NAV using the practical expedient, as described above.
As of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, pension plan assets included approximately $12.8$8.1 million and $10.6$11.6 million, respectively, of investments in hedge funds and equity partnerships which do not have readily determinable fair values. The underlying holdings of the funds were comprisedcomposed of a combination of assets for which the estimate of fair value is determined using information provided by fund managers.
The plans have benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of each plan’s assets as follows:
| | As of December 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | | As of December 31, 2023 | | As of December 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Pension
Plan | | Benefit
Equalization
Plan | | Total | | Pension
Plan | | Benefit
Equalization
Plan | | Total | (in thousands) | Pension
Plan | | Benefit
Equalization
Plan | | Total | | Pension
Plan | | Benefit
Equalization
Plan | | Total |
| Projected benefit obligation | Projected benefit obligation | $ | 98,570 | | | $ | 2,956 | | | $ | 101,526 | | | $ | 104,657 | | | $ | 3,167 | | | $ | 107,824 | |
| Accumulated benefit obligation | Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 98,570 | | | $ | 2,956 | | | $ | 101,526 | | | $ | 104,657 | | | $ | 3,167 | | | $ | 107,824 | |
| Fair value of plans' assets | Fair value of plans' assets | 73,375 | | | — | | | 73,375 | | | 71,940 | | | — | | | 71,940 | |
| Projected benefit obligation greater than fair value of plans' assets | Projected benefit obligation greater than fair value of plans' assets | $ | 25,195 | | | $ | 2,956 | | | $ | 28,151 | | | $ | 32,717 | | | $ | 3,167 | | | $ | 35,884 | |
| Accumulated benefit obligation greater than fair value of plans' assets | Accumulated benefit obligation greater than fair value of plans' assets | $ | 25,195 | | | $ | 2,956 | | | $ | 28,151 | | | $ | 32,717 | | | $ | 3,167 | | | $ | 35,884 | |
Section 401(k) Plan
The Company has a contributory Section 401(k) plan which covers its executive, professional, administrative and clerical employees, subject to certain specified service requirements. The cost recognized by the Company for its 401(k) plan was $4.1 million in both 2023 and 2022 and $4.4 million in 2021, $4.3 million in 2020 and $4.1 million in 2019.2021. The Company’s contribution is based on a non-discretionary match of employees’ contributions, as defined by the plan.
Multiemployer Plans
In addition to the Company’s defined benefit pension and contribution plans discussed above, the Company participates in multiemployer pension plans for its union construction employees. Contributions are based on the hours worked by employees covered under various collective bargaining agreements. Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, a contributor to a multiemployer plan is only liable for its proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liability upon termination, or withdrawal from a plan. The Company currently has no intention of withdrawing from any of the multiemployer pension plans
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
in which it participates and, therefore, has not recognized a liability for its proportionate share of any unfunded vested liabilities associated with these plans.
The following table summarizes key information for the plans that the Company made significant contributions to during the three years ended December 31, 2021:2023:
| | Pension Protections Act
Zone Status | | FIP/RP Status Pending or Implemented(a) | | Company Contributions
(amounts in millions) | | Expiration
Date of
Collective
Bargaining
Agreement |
| | | Pension Protections Act
Zone Status | | | | | Pension Protections Act
Zone Status | | FIP/RP Status Pending or Implemented(a) | | Company Contributions
(amounts in millions) | | | Expiration
Date of
Collective
Bargaining
Agreement |
| Pension Fund | Pension Fund | EIN/Pension
Plan Number | | 2021 | | 2020 | | FIP/RP Status Pending or Implemented(a) | | 2021(b) | | 2020 | | 2019 | Surcharge
Imposed | | Expiration
Date of
Collective
Bargaining
Agreement |
| The Pension, Hospitalization and Benefit Plan of the Electrical Industry - Pension Trust Fund | The Pension, Hospitalization and Benefit Plan of the Electrical Industry - Pension Trust Fund | 13-6123601/001 | | Green | | Green | | $ | 9.5 | | | $ | 10.1 | | (c) | $ | 9.3 | | (c) | No | |
| The Pension, Hospitalization and Benefit Plan of the Electrical Industry - Pension Trust Fund | |
| The Pension, Hospitalization and Benefit Plan of the Electrical Industry - Pension Trust Fund | | 13-6123601/001 | | Green | | N/A | | $ | 4.2 | | | $ | 6.7 | | | $ | 9.5 | | (c) | No | | 4/15/2025 |
| Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California | | Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California | 94-6050970 | | Red | | Implemented | | 2.5 | | | 2.4 | | | 2.9 | | | No | | 6/30/2027 |
| Excavators Union Local 731 Pension Fund | | Excavators Union Local 731 Pension Fund | 13-1809825/002 | | Green | | N/A | | 2.4 | | | 4.0 | | | 4.0 | | | No | | 4/30/2026 |
| Operating Engineers Pension Trust | | Operating Engineers Pension Trust | 95-6032478 | | Green | | Yellow | | N/A | | 2.4 | | | 3.4 | | | 2.4 | | | No | | 6/30/2025 |
| Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California | | Construction Laborers Pension Trust for Southern California | 95-6031812 | | Green | | N/A | | 2.1 | | | 3.4 | | | 2.8 | | | No | | 6/30/2026 |
| Joint Pension Fund, Local Union 164 IBEW | Joint Pension Fund, Local Union 164 IBEW | 22-6031199 | | Green | | Yellow | | Implemented | | 6.8 | | | 2.5 | | | 0.8 | | | No | | 6/2/2025 | Joint Pension Fund, Local Union 164 IBEW | 22-6031199 | | Green | | N/A | | 1.4 | | | 6.4 | | 6.4 | | (c) | (c) | 6.8 | | (c) | (c) | No | | 4/30/2026 |
| Excavators Union Local 731 Pension Fund | 13-1809825/002 | | Green | | Green | | N/A | | 4.0 | | | 4.8 | | | 5.1 | | | No | | 4/30/2026 |
| Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California | 94-6050970 | | Red | | Red | | Implemented | | 2.9 | | | 4.6 | | (d) | 4.0 | | | No | | 6/30/2023 |
| Northern California Electrical Workers Pension Plan | 94-6062674 | | Green | | Green | | N/A | | 2.8 | | | 3.5 | | (c) | 3.0 | | | No | | 5/31/2022 |
(a)The “FIP/RP Status Pending or Implemented” column indicates plans for which a funding improvement plan (“FIP”) or a rehabilitation plan (“RP”) is either pending or implemented.
(b)The Company's contributions as a percentage of total plan contributions were not available for the 20212023 plan year for any of the above pension funds.
(c)These amounts exceeded 5% of the respective total plan contributions.
(d)The Company’s contributions as a percentage of total plan contributions were not available for the 2020 plan year for the Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California.
In addition to the individually significant plans described above, the Company also contributed approximately $43.6$33.8 million in 2021, $44.32023, $32.3 million in 20202022 and $35.7$41.2 million in 20192021 to other multiemployer pension plans. Funding for these payments is principally provided for in the contracts with our customers.
12. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820 prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation techniques into the following three levels:
•Level 1 inputs are observable quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
•Level 2 inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, but are not Level 1 inputs
•Level 3 inputs are unobservable
The following fair value hierarchy table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020:2022:
| | As of December 31, 2021 | | As of December 31, 2020 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | | Fair Value Hierarchy | |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | | As of December 31, 2023 | | As of December 31, 2022 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | |
| (in thousands) | |
| (in thousands) | |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Cash and cash equivalents(a) | Cash and cash equivalents(a) | $ | 202,197 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 202,197 | | | $ | 374,289 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 374,289 | |
Restricted cash(a) | Restricted cash(a) | 9,199 | | | — | | | — | | | 9,199 | | | 77,563 | | | — | | | — | | | 77,563 | |
Restricted investments(b) | Restricted investments(b) | — | | | 84,355 | | | — | | | 84,355 | | | — | | | 78,912 | | | — | | | 78,912 | |
Investments in lieu of retainage(c) | 27,472 | | | 58,856 | | | — | | | 86,328 | | | 92,609 | | | 1,300 | | | — | | | 93,909 | |
Investments in lieu of retention(c) | |
| Total | Total | $ | 238,868 | | | $ | 143,211 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 382,079 | | | $ | 544,461 | | | $ | 80,212 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 624,673 | |
(a)Includes money market funds and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less when acquired.
(b)Restricted investments, as of December 31, 2021,2023 and 2022, consist of investments in corporateAFS debt securities, of $46.7 million, U.S. government agency securities of $37.1 million and corporate certificates of deposits of $0.6 million, all with maturities of up to five years, andwhich are valued based on pricing models whichdetermined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets.
(c)Investments in lieu of retention are included in retention receivable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and are composed of money market funds of $20.0 million and $20.1 million, respectively, and AFS debt securities of $87.0 million and $68.2 million, respectively. The fair values of the money market funds are measured using quoted market prices; therefore, they are classified as Level 1 assets. The fair values of AFS debt securities are determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets andassets; therefore, they are therefore classified as Level 2 assets. As of December 31, 2020, restricted investments consisted of investments in U.S. government agency securities of $40.5 million, corporate debt securities of $37.5 million and corporate certificates of deposits of $0.9 million, all with maturities
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
of up to five years. The amortized cost of these available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was not materially different from the fair value.
(c)Investments in lieuAFS debt securities consisted of retainage are included in retainage receivable andthe following as of December 31, 2021 are comprised2023 and 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2023 | | As of December 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value |
| Restricted investments: | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 95,903 | | $ | 762 | | $ | (2,202) | | $ | 94,463 | | | $ | 53,452 | | $ | 1 | | $ | (3,550) | | $ | 49,903 | |
| U.S. government agency securities | 29,082 | | 18 | | (1,054) | | 28,046 | | | 34,920 | | 13 | | (1,688) | | 33,245 | |
| Municipal bonds | 8,227 | | 5 | | (914) | | 7,318 | | | 9,211 | | — | | (1,257) | | 7,954 | |
| Corporate certificates of deposit | 498 | | — | | (38) | | 460 | | | 507 | | — | | (53) | | 454 | |
| Total restricted investments | 133,710 | | 785 | | (4,208) | | 130,287 | | | 98,090 | | 14 | | (6,548) | | 91,556 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Investments in lieu of retention: | | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | 87,601 | | 246 | | (1,950) | | 85,897 | | | 70,968 | | 1 | | (3,724) | | 67,245 | |
| Municipal bonds | 823 | | 241 | | — | | 1,064 | | | 818 | | 165 | | — | | 983 | |
| Total investments in lieu of retention | 88,424 | | 487 | | (1,950) | | 86,961 | | | 71,786 | | 166 | | (3,724) | | 68,228 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Total AFS debt securities | $ | 222,134 | | $ | 1,272 | | $ | (6,158) | | $ | 217,248 | | | $ | 169,876 | | $ | 180 | | $ | (10,272) | | $ | 159,784 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by category and the length of time that individual securities of $57.5 million, money market funds of $27.5 million and municipal bonds of $1.3 million. The fair values of the money market funds are measured using quoted market prices; therefore, they are classifiedhave been in a continuous unrealized loss position as Level 1 assets. The corporate and municipal bonds have maturity periods up to five years, and their fair values are determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, third-party quoted market prices, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets. As of December 31, 2020, investments in lieu of retainage consisted of money market funds of $92.6 million2023 and municipal bonds of $1.3 million. 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2023 |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total |
| (in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |
| Restricted investments: | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 4,971 | | $ | (3) | | | $ | 40,649 | | $ | (2,199) | | | $ | 45,620 | | $ | (2,202) | |
| U.S. government agency securities | 1,280 | | (4) | | | 22,858 | | (1,050) | | | 24,138 | | (1,054) | |
| Municipal bonds | 99 | | (2) | | | 7,038 | | (912) | | | 7,137 | | (914) | |
| Corporate certificates of deposit | — | | — | | | 460 | | (38) | | | 460 | | (38) | |
| Total restricted investments | 6,350 | | (9) | | | 71,005 | | (4,199) | | | 77,355 | | (4,208) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Investments in lieu of retention: | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | 11,398 | | (55) | | | 49,726 | | (1,895) | | | 61,124 | | (1,950) | |
| Total investments in lieu of retention | 11,398 | | (55) | | | 49,726 | | (1,895) | | | 61,124 | | (1,950) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total AFS debt securities | $ | 17,748 | | $ | (64) | | | $ | 120,731 | | $ | (6,094) | | | $ | 138,479 | | $ | (6,158) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, 2022 |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total |
| (in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |
| Restricted investments: | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 23,559 | | $ | (733) | | | $ | 25,842 | | $ | (2,817) | | | $ | 49,401 | | $ | (3,550) | |
| U.S. government agency securities | 24,834 | | (939) | | | 5,593 | | (749) | | | 30,427 | | (1,688) | |
| Municipal bonds | 4,998 | | (672) | | | 2,956 | | (585) | | | 7,954 | | (1,257) | |
| Corporate certificates of deposit | 63 | | (12) | | | 391 | | (41) | | | 454 | | (53) | |
| Total restricted investments | 53,454 | | (2,356) | | | 34,782 | | (4,192) | | | 88,236 | | (6,548) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Investments in lieu of retention: | | | | | | | | |
| Corporate debt securities | 34,553 | | (843) | | | 32,391 | | (2,881) | | | 66,944 | | (3,724) | |
| Total investments in lieu of retention | 34,553 | | (843) | | | 32,391 | | (2,881) | | | 66,944 | | (3,724) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total AFS debt securities | $ | 88,007 | | $ | (3,199) | | | $ | 67,173 | | $ | (7,073) | | | $ | 155,180 | | $ | (10,272) | |
The amortized cost and fair value of these available-for-saleAFS debt securities at by contractual maturity as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was not materially different2023 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the fair value.right to call or prepay certain obligations.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| (in thousands) | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
| | | |
| Due within one year | $ | 32,586 | | | $ | 32,241 | |
| Due after one year through five years | 179,451 | | | 175,907 | |
| Due after five years | 10,097 | | | 9,100 | |
| Total | $ | 222,134 | | | $ | 217,248 | |
The carrying values of receivables, payables and other amounts arising out of normal contract activities, including retainage,retention, which may be settled beyond one year, are estimated to approximate fair value. Of the Company’s long-term debt, the fair value of the 2017 Senior Notes was $504.9$490.9 million and $495.0$439.7 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively. The fair value
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
values of the 2017 Senior Notes and Convertible Notes were determined using Level 1 inputs, specifically current observable market prices. The fair value of the Term Loan B was $419.7$358.9 million and $425.0$389.5 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020, respectively, and was2022, respectively. The fair values of the Term Loan B were determined using Level 2 inputs, specifically third-party quoted market prices. The reported value of the Company’s remaining borrowings approximates fair value as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020.2022.
13. Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
The Company may form joint ventures or partnerships with third parties for the execution of projects. In accordance with ASC 810, the Company assesses its partnerships and joint ventures at inception to determine if any meet the qualifications of a VIE. The Company considers a joint venture a VIE if either (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Upon the occurrence of certain events outlined in ASC 810, the Company reassesses its initial determination of whether a joint venture is a VIE.
ASC 810 also requires the Company to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (a) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the VIE and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company considers the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights and board representation of the respective parties in determining if the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company also considers all parties that have direct or implicit variable interests when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary. In accordance with ASC 810, management’s assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is performed continuously.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company had unconsolidated VIE-related current assets and liabilities of $0.7$0.5 million and $0.4$0.1 million, respectively, included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.Sheets. As of December 31, 2020,2022, the Company had unconsolidated VIE-related current assets and liabilities of $0.6$0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.Sheets. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investments in unconsolidated VIEs is typically limited to the aggregate of the carrying value of the investment and future funding commitments. There were no future funding requirements for the unconsolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2021.2023.
As of December 31, 2021,2023, the Company’s Consolidated Balance SheetSheets included current and noncurrent assets of $568.2$503.1 million and $3.0$35.1 million, respectively, as well as current liabilities of $496.9$505.0 million related to the operations of its consolidated VIEs. As of December 31, 2020,2022, the Company’s Consolidated Balance SheetSheets included current and noncurrent assets of $405.7$527.3 million and $14.2$22.4 million, respectively, as well as current liabilities of $514.9$567.3 million related to the operations of its consolidated VIEs.
Below is a discussion of some of the Company’s more significant or unique VIEs.
The Company established a joint venture to construct the Purple Line Extension Section 2 (Tunnels and Stations) and Section 3 (Stations) mass-transit projects in Los Angeles, California with an original combined value of approximately $2.8 billion. The
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Company has a 75% interest in the joint venture with the remaining 25% held by O&G Industries, Inc. (“O&G”). The joint venture was initially financed with contributions from the partners and, per the terms of the joint venture agreement, the partners may be required to provide additional capital contributions in the future. The Company has determined that this joint venture is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
The Company also established a joint venture with Parsons Corporation (“Parsons”) to construct the Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal One project, a transportation infrastructure project in Newark, New Jersey with an original value of approximately $1.4 billion. The Company has an 80% interest in the joint venture with the remaining 20% held by Parsons. The joint venture was initially financed with contributions from the partners and, per the terms of the joint venture agreement, the partners may be required to provide additional capital contributions in the future. The Company has determined that this joint venture is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
14. Business Segments
The Company offers general contracting, pre-construction planning and comprehensive project management services, including planning and scheduling of manpower, equipment, materials and subcontractors required for the timely completion of a project in accordance with the terms and specifications contained in a construction contract. The Company also offers self-performed construction services: site work, concrete forming and placement, steel erection, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). As described below, the Company’s business is conducted through 3three segments: Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors. These segments are determined based on how the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (chief operating decision maker) aggregates business units when evaluating performance and allocating resources.
The Civil segment specializes in public works construction and the replacement and reconstruction of infrastructure. The contracting services provided by the Civil segment include construction and rehabilitation of highways, bridges, tunnels, mass-transit systems, military defense facilities, and water management and wastewater treatment facilities.
The Building segment has significant experience providing services for private and public works customers in a number of specialized building markets, including: hospitality and gaming, transportation, health care, commercial offices, government facilities, sports and entertainment, education, correctional and detention facilities, biotech, pharmaceutical, industrial and technology.
The Specialty Contractors segment specializes in electrical, mechanical, plumbing, HVAC and fire protection systems for a full range of civil and building construction projects in the industrial, commercial, hospitality and gaming, and mass-transit end markets. This segment provides the Company with unique strengths and capabilities that allow the Company to position itself as a full-service contractor with greater control over scheduled work, project delivery, and cost and risk management.
To the extent that a contract is co-managed and co-executed among segments, the Company allocates the share of revenues and costs of the contract to each segment to reflect the shared responsibilities in the management and execution of the project.
The following tables set forth certain reportable segment information relating to the Company’s operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Reportable Segments | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Civil | | Building | | Specialty
Contractors | | Total | | Corporate | | Consolidated
Total |
| Year ended December 31, 2023 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,971,194 | | | $ | 1,302,636 | | | $ | 694,038 | | | $ | 3,967,868 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,967,868 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (87,329) | | | (97) | | | (215) | | | (87,641) | | | — | | | (87,641) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 1,883,865 | | | $ | 1,302,539 | | | $ | 693,823 | | | $ | 3,880,227 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,880,227 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(a) | $ | 198,609 | | | $ | (91,206) | | | $ | (144,822) | | | $ | (37,419) | | | $ | (77,178) | | (b) | $ | (114,597) | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 41,318 | | | $ | 3,932 | | | $ | 1,250 | | | $ | 46,500 | | | $ | 6,453 | | | $ | 52,953 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 31,685 | | | $ | 2,227 | | | $ | 2,445 | | | $ | 36,357 | | | $ | 8,872 | | | $ | 45,229 | |
| Year ended December 31, 2022 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,956,968 | | | $ | 1,305,468 | | | $ | 813,531 | | | $ | 4,075,967 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,075,967 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (222,086) | | | (62,897) | | | (229) | | | (285,212) | | | — | | | (285,212) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 1,734,882 | | | $ | 1,242,571 | | | $ | 813,302 | | | $ | 3,790,755 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,790,755 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(d) | $ | 21,123 | | | $ | 7,166 | | | $ | (168,019) | | | $ | (139,730) | | | $ | (65,034) | | (b) | $ | (204,764) | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 49,819 | | | $ | 2,333 | | | $ | 2,545 | | | $ | 54,697 | | | $ | 5,083 | | | $ | 59,780 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 51,123 | | | $ | 1,713 | | | $ | 2,098 | | | $ | 54,934 | | | $ | 9,430 | | | $ | 64,364 | |
| Year ended December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,443,828 | | | $ | 1,574,759 | | | $ | 1,120,115 | | | $ | 5,138,702 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,138,702 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (348,068) | | | (146,657) | | | (2,147) | | | (496,872) | | | — | | | (496,872) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 2,095,760 | | | $ | 1,428,102 | | | $ | 1,117,968 | | | $ | 4,641,830 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(e) | $ | 266,214 | | | $ | 28,721 | | | $ | (9,961) | | | $ | 284,974 | | | $ | (58,170) | | (b) | $ | 226,804 | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 37,067 | | | $ | 359 | | | $ | 476 | | | $ | 37,902 | | | $ | 692 | | | $ | 38,594 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 102,723 | | | $ | 1,677 | | | $ | 3,316 | | | $ | 107,716 | | | $ | 10,513 | | | $ | 118,229 | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following tables set forth certain reportable segment information relating to(a)During the Company’s operations for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, the Company’s income (loss) from construction operations in the Civil segment was impacted by net unfavorable adjustments related to a settlement that impacted multiple components of a mass-transit project in California. The settlement resolved certain ongoing disputes and 2019:increased the expected profit from work to be performed in the future. The settlement resulted in an unfavorable non-cash adjustment of $23.2 million ($17.0 million, or $0.33 per diluted share, after tax) to one component of the project that is nearing completion, partially offset by a favorable adjustment of $8.8 million ($7.1 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, after tax) on the other component of the project that has substantial scope of work remaining. As a result of the settlement, the net unfavorable impact to the period from these two adjustments is expected to be mitigated by the increased profit generated from future work on the project. The Civil segment was also adversely impacted by unfavorable adjustments of $12.8 million ($9.4 million, or $0.18 per diluted share, after tax) on a completed highway project in Virginia due to changes in estimates that resulted from progress in the dispute resolution process, partially offset by net favorable adjustments of $19.0 million ($15.2 million, or $0.29 per diluted share, after tax) for a project on the West Coast that primarily resulted from a favorable impact of $58.1 million on the settlement of change orders and changes in estimates due to improved performance, partially offset by a temporary unfavorable non-cash impact of $40.7 million resulting from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders which increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Reportable Segments | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Civil | | Building | | Specialty
Contractors | | Total | | Corporate | | Consolidated
Total |
| Year ended December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,443,828 | | | $ | 1,574,759 | | | $ | 1,120,115 | | | $ | 5,138,702 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,138,702 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (348,068) | | | (146,657) | | | (2,147) | | | (496,872) | | | — | | | (496,872) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 2,095,760 | | | $ | 1,428,102 | | | $ | 1,117,968 | | | $ | 4,641,830 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(a) | $ | 266,214 | | | $ | 28,721 | | | $ | (9,961) | | | $ | 284,974 | | | $ | (58,170) | | (b) | $ | 226,804 | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 37,067 | | | $ | 359 | | | $ | 476 | | | $ | 37,902 | | | $ | 692 | | | $ | 38,594 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 102,723 | | | $ | 1,677 | | | $ | 3,316 | | | $ | 107,716 | | | $ | 10,513 | | | $ | 118,229 | |
| Year ended December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,565,210 | | | $ | 2,114,459 | | | $ | 1,135,018 | | | $ | 5,814,687 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,814,687 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (365,311) | | | (129,818) | | | (795) | | | (495,924) | | | — | | | (495,924) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 2,199,899 | | | $ | 1,984,641 | | | $ | 1,134,223 | | | $ | 5,318,763 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,318,763 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(d) | $ | 245,835 | | | $ | 53,158 | | | $ | 17,203 | | | $ | 316,196 | | | $ | (53,852) | | (b) | $ | 262,344 | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 51,044 | | | $ | 878 | | | $ | 1,917 | | | $ | 53,839 | | | $ | 942 | | | $ | 54,781 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 90,250 | | | $ | 1,703 | | | $ | 3,983 | | | $ | 95,936 | | | $ | 11,098 | | | $ | 107,034 | |
| Year ended December 31, 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total revenue | $ | 2,054,097 | | | $ | 1,764,753 | | | $ | 929,738 | | | $ | 4,748,588 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,748,588 | |
| Elimination of intersegment revenue | (274,745) | | | (22,713) | | | (298) | | | (297,756) | | | — | | | (297,756) | |
| Revenue from external customers | $ | 1,779,352 | | | $ | 1,742,040 | | | $ | 929,440 | | | $ | 4,450,832 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,450,832 | |
Income (loss) from construction operations(e) | $ | (150,837) | | | $ | 23,655 | | | $ | (172,637) | | | $ | (299,819) | | | $ | (65,188) | | (b) | $ | (365,007) | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 82,156 | | | $ | 518 | | | $ | 688 | | | $ | 83,362 | | | $ | 834 | | | $ | 84,196 | |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 47,905 | | | $ | 1,934 | | | $ | 4,136 | | | $ | 53,975 | | | $ | 11,069 | | | $ | 65,044 | |
The Company’s income (loss) from operations in the Building segment was adversely impacted an unfavorable adjustment of $14.6 million ($10.7 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, after tax) on a government building project in Florida primarily due to increased costs associated with an external subcontractor.
(a)
The Company’s income (loss) from operations in the Specialty Contractors segment was adversely impacted by $62.2 million ($45.7 million, or $0.88 per diluted share, after tax) of unfavorable non-cash adjustments due to changes in estimates on the electrical and mechanical scope of a completed transportation project in the Northeast associated with changes in the expected recovery on certain unapproved change orders resulting from ongoing negotiations; a non-cash charge of $24.7 million ($18.1 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, after tax) that resulted from an adverse legal ruling on an educational facilities project in New York; an unfavorable adjustment of $16.9 million ($12.4 million, or $0.24 per diluted share, after tax) on a multi-unit residential project in New York due to changes in estimates resulting from incremental costs to complete the project and ongoing negotiations on unapproved change orders; and a $9.4 million ($6.9 million, or $0.13 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable adjustment due to a settlement on a mass-transit project in California.
The Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was also unfavorably impacted by an adverse legal ruling on a completed mixed-use project in New York, which resulted in a non-cash, pre-tax charge of $83.6 million ($60.8 million, or $1.17 per diluted share, after-tax), of which $72.2 million impacted the Building segment and $11.4 million impacted the Specialty Contractors segment, as well as an unfavorable adjustment of $28.3 million ($22.2 million, or $0.43 per diluted share, after tax) on a completed transportation project in the Northeast, split evenly between the Civil and Building segments, primarily due to the settlement of certain change orders, changes in estimates due to recent negotiations and incremental cost incurred during project closeout.
(b)Consists primarily of corporate general and administrative expenses.
(c)Depreciation and amortization is included in income (loss) from construction operations.
(d)During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company’s income (loss) from construction operations in the Civil segment was adversely impacted by $38.8 million ($30.7 million, or $0.60 per diluted share, after tax) for a project on the West Coast, which resulted from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders that increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage; $26.2 million ($18.9 million, or $0.37 per diluted share, after tax) of unfavorable non-cash adjustments on a completed highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling; a non-cash charge of $25.5 million ($18.4 million, or $0.36 per diluted share, after tax) due to an adverse legal ruling on a dispute related to a completed bridge project in New York; $24.7 million ($17.9 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, after tax) of unfavorable adjustments on a mass-transit project in California; a $16.2 million ($11.7 million, or $0.23 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed project in Maryland; and an unfavorable non-cash adjustment of $10.0 million ($7.2 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, after tax) due to a ruling in ongoing dispute resolution proceedings on a mass-transit project in the Northeast. The Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was favorably impacted by a project close-out adjustment of $12.7 million ($9.1 million, or $0.18 per diluted share, after tax) on a bridge project in the Midwest.
The Company’s income (loss) from operations was also negatively impacted by an unfavorable adjustment of $31.4 million ($24.4 million, or $0.48 per diluted share, after tax) split evenly between the Civil and Building segments due to changes in
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
estimates on a transportation project in the Northeast. The Building segment was also adversely impacted by an unfavorable adjustment of $11.3 million ($8.1 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, after tax) resulting from an adverse legal ruling on a hospitality project in Florida.
The Company’s income (loss) from operations in the Specialty Contractors segment was adversely impacted by $46.2 million ($33.5 million, or $0.65 per diluted share, after tax) due to unfavorable adjustments related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies, as well as growth in unapproved change orders on the electrical component of a transportation project in the Northeast; an unfavorable non-cash impact of $43.2 million ($31.4 million, or $0.61 per diluted share, after tax) related to an adverse appellate court decision involving the electrical component of a completed mass-transit project in New York; a non-cash charge of $17.8 million ($12.9 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, after tax) that increased cost of operations associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York; an $11.3 million ($8.2 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable non-cash adjustment on a mechanical project in the Northeast as a result of settlements on previously disputed items and $11.1 million ($8.0 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, after tax) of unfavorable non-cash adjustments on another mechanical project, also in the Northeast.
(e)During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized favorable adjustments in income (loss) from construction operations in the Civil segment of $29.0 million (an after-tax impact of $20.9($20.9 million, or $0.41 per diluted share)share, after tax) and $16.3 million (an after-tax impact of $13.5($13.5 million, or $0.26 per diluted share)share, after tax) on two mass-transit projects, reflecting improved profitability as a result of the negotiation and settlement of certain change orders and the associated mitigation of certain risks in 2021 as the projects progressed towards completion.
The Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was also negatively impacted by $13.3$26.6 million (an after-tax impact of $10.3($20.5 million, or $0.20$0.40 per diluted share)share, after tax) split evenly between the Civil and Building segments due to changes in estimates on a Civil segment transportation project in the Northeast that reflected a charge and the negative impact to earnings from growth in unapproved change orders, which resulted in a reduction in the project’s percentage of completion (and, correspondingly, a reduction in the percentage of estimated profit recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021 for this project).
The Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was also negatively impacted by $13.3 million (an after-tax impact of $10.2 million, or $0.20 per diluted share) due to changes in estimates on a Building segment transportation project in the Northeast that included a charge and the negative impact to earnings from growth in unapproved change orders.
In addition, in the Specialty Contractors segment, the Company recordedrecognized additional profit after recording a reduction of $20.1 million in cost of operations during 2021 (a favorable after-tax impact of $14.5($14.5 million, or $0.28 per diluted share)share, after tax) due to a favorable legal judgment on a completed electrical project. The judgment awardedtrial court ruling awarding the Company the recovery of certain costs previously incurred. Theincurred on a completed electrical project in New York. In addition, the Company’s income (loss) from construction operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 was also negatively impacted by $19.0 million (an after-tax impact of $13.7($13.7 million, or $0.27 per diluted share)share, after tax) and $17.6 million (an after-tax impact of $12.7($12.7 million, or $0.25 per diluted share)share, after tax) on the mechanical and electrical components, respectively, of a transportation project in the Northeast andNortheast. Lastly, there was an impact of $16.2 million (an after-tax impact of $11.7($11.7 million, or $0.23 per diluted share)share, after tax) on an electrical mass-transit project also in the Northeast, all of which were due to changes in estimates that included charges and/or the negative impact to earnings from growth in unapproved change orders.
(b)Consists primarily of corporate general and administrative expenses.
(c)Depreciation and amortization is included in income (loss) from construction operations.
(d)During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a charge of $15.2 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $11.0 million, or $0.22 per diluted share) due to an unfavorable legal ruling pertaining to a mechanical project in California in the Specialty Contractors segment, as well as a charge of $13.2 million (an after-tax impact of $9.6 million, or $0.19 per diluted share) due to an adverse arbitration ruling pertaining to an electrical project in New York that included unfavorable adjustments and the negative impact to the period associated with increases to project forecasts due to growth in the Specialty Contractors segment. The Company also recorded a gain of $25.7 millionunapproved change orders (expected to be negotiated in
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Specialty Contractors segment general and administrative expenses (an after-tax impact of $18.6 million, or $0.36 per diluted share) as a result of a favorable arbitration decision and subsequent settlement of the related employment dispute.
(e)During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $379.9 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $330.5 million, or $6.58 per diluted share) resulting from an interim impairment test the Company performed as of June 1, 2019. For further information and breakdown of the goodwill impairment charge by segment, see Note 6. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2019 the Company recorded a charge of $166.8 million in income (loss) from construction operations (an after-tax impact of $119.4 million, or $2.38 per diluted share), which principally impacted the Civil segment, as a result of the adverse jury verdict on the Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter, as discussed in Note 8. Lastly, the Company recognized a one-time gain of $37.8 million (an after-tax impact of $27.1 million, or $0.54 per diluted share) in Civil segment general and administrative expenses related to a remeasurement of its investment in a joint venture (see Note 6) future periods).
The above were the only changes in estimates considered material to the Company’s results of operations during the periods presented herein.
Total assets by segment were as follows:
| | As of December 31, |
| As of December 31, | | | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Civil | Civil | $ | 3,310,648 | | | $ | 3,141,991 | |
| Building | Building | 980,989 | | | 1,147,649 | |
| Specialty Contractors | Specialty Contractors | 631,710 | | | 673,891 | |
Corporate and other(a) | Corporate and other(a) | (198,449) | | | 82,086 | |
| Total assets | Total assets | $ | 4,724,898 | | | $ | 5,045,617 | |
(a) Consists principally of cash, equipment, tax-related assets and insurance-related assets, offset by the elimination of assets related to intersegment revenue.
Geographic Information
Information concerning principal geographic areas is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Revenue: | | | | | |
| United States | $ | 4,267,734 | | | $ | 4,953,045 | | | $ | 4,073,691 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 374,096 | | | 365,718 | | | 377,141 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 4,641,830 | | | $ | 5,318,763 | | | $ | 4,450,832 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Assets: | | | |
| United States | $ | 4,479,873 | | | $ | 4,836,735 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 245,025 | | | 208,882 | |
| Total assets | $ | 4,724,898 | | | $ | 5,045,617 | |
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Revenue: | | | | | |
| United States | $ | 3,437,971 | | | $ | 3,424,574 | | | $ | 4,267,734 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 442,256 | | | 366,181 | | | 374,096 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 3,880,227 | | | $ | 3,790,755 | | | $ | 4,641,830 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 |
| Assets: | | | |
| United States | $ | 3,998,470 | | | $ | 4,199,604 | |
| Foreign and U.S. territories | 431,386 | | | 343,196 | |
| Total assets | $ | 4,429,856 | | | $ | 4,542,800 | |
Major Customer
Revenue from a single customer with multiple projects impacting the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments represented 16.3% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for both years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Reconciliation of Segment Information to Consolidated Amounts
A reconciliation of segment results to the consolidated income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | (in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| Income (loss) from construction operations | Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | 226,804 | | | $ | 262,344 | | | $ | (365,007) | |
| Other income (expense) | 2,004 | | | (11,853) | | | 6,667 | |
| Other income, net | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (69,026) | | | (76,212) | | | (67,494) | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 159,782 | | | $ | 174,279 | | | $ | (425,834) | |
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
15. Related Party Transactions
The Company leases, at market rates, certain facilities from an entity owned by Ronald N. Tutor, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Under these leases, the Company paid $3.9 million in 2023, $3.8 million in 2022 and $3.6 million in 2021, $3.2 million in 2020 and $3.1 million in 2019, and recognized expense of $4.1 million in 2023, and $4.6 million in 2021both 2022 and $3.22021. In addition, on November 4, 2022, the Company purchased a property from another entity owned by Mr. Tutor. The Company paid $4.1 million in both 2020for this property, which is the amount that Mr. Tutor paid to acquire the property from an unrelated third party shortly before the Company decided that it wanted to own and 2019.operate the property. The Company is currently developing the property into an equipment yard. When this new equipment yard is ready to be used by the Company, the Company will terminate its existing lease for another equipment yard that it currently leases from an entity owned by Mr. Tutor. Mr. Tutor has agreed that the Company will be entitled to terminate the existing lease at no incremental cost to the Company (and without having to pay rent for the unused, remaining term of the existing lease, which runs through July 2038).
Raymond R. Oneglia, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of O&G, is a director of the Company. The Company occasionally forms construction project joint ventures with O&G. During the three years ended December 31, 2021,2023, the Company had active joint ventures with O&G including 2two infrastructure projects in the northeastern United States that were completed in 2017 and two mass-transit projects in Los Angeles, California to construct the Purple Line Extension Section 2 (Tunnels and Stations) and Section 3 (Stations), in which the Company’s and O&G’s joint venture interests are 75% and 25%, respectively. O&G may provide equipment and services to these joint ventures on customary trade terms; there were no material payments made by these joint ventures to O&G for services and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2021, 20202023, 2022 and 2019.2021.
Peter Arkley, Senior Managing Director, Construction Services Group,President of Alliant Retail Property and Casualty for Alliant Insurance Services, Inc. (“Alliant”), is a director of the Company. The Company uses Alliant for various insurance-related services. The associated expenses for services provided
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 2020 and 2019 were $16.4were $15.3 million, $16.0$11.4 million and $18.4$16.4 million, respectively. The Company owed Alliant $1.5$0.3 million and $2.7and $1.6 million as of December 31, 20212023 and 2020,2022, respectively, for services rendered.
