UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192020
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission File Number 001-03761

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware

75-0289970


(State of Incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)







12500 TI Boulevard, Dallas, Texas

75243


(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)






Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 214-479-3773
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00TXNThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒

Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐

Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐


 





If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☐☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $107,187,939,993$116,120,360,680 as of June 30, 2019.2020.
933,975,619920,239,191 (Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 14, 2020)January 27, 2021)
Part III hereof incorporates information by reference to the Registrant’s proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders.



PART I
ITEM 1. Business
We design and make semiconductors that we sell to electronics designers and manufacturers all over the world. Our operations began in 1930, and we are incorporated in Delaware. With headquarters in Dallas, Texas, we have design, manufacturing or sales operations in more than 30 countries. Our two reportable segments are Analog and Embedded Processing, and we report the results of our remaining business activities in Other. In 2019,2020, we generated $14.38$14.46 billion of revenue.
For decades, we have operated with a passion to create a better world by making electronics more affordable through semiconductors. We were pioneers in the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors and then to integrated circuits. As each generation became more reliable, more affordable and lower in power, semiconductors were used by a growing number of customers and markets. This passion is alive today as we help our customers develop electronics and new applications, particularly in industrial and automotive markets.
For many years, we have run our business with three overarching ambitions in mind. First, we will act like owners who will own the company for decades. Second, we will adapt and succeed in a world that is ever changing. And third, we will be a company that we are personally proud to be a part of and that we would want as our neighbor. When we are successful in achieving these ambitions, our employees, customers, communities and shareholders all win.
As engineers, we are fortunate to work on exciting technology which helps our customers innovate to create a better world. Technology is the foundation of our company, but ultimately, our objective and the best metric to measure progress and generate long-term value for owners is the growth of free cash flow per share.
Our strategy to maximize free cash flow per share growth has three elements:
The first element of our strategy is a business model that is focused on analog and embedded processing products and built around four competitive advantages. This business model is designed aroundthe result of a series of strategic decisions made over the years and that continue today. The four sustainable competitive advantages that we believe, in combination, put us in a unique class of companies. These advantages include (i)are a strong foundation of manufacturing and technology, (ii) a broad portfolio of differentiated analog and embedded processing products, (iii)the reach of our market channels, including our sales force and TI.com and (iv) diversity and longevity of our products, markets and customer positions. Our strategic focus,In combination, these four competitive advantages provide tangible benefits, are difficult to replicate and where we invest the majority ofultimately separate us from our resources, is on Analog and Embedded Processing, with a particular emphasis on designing and selling those products into the industrial and automotive markets. We believebest peers. Together, these markets represent the best growth opportunities over the next decade or longer, due to increasing semiconductor content. Additionally, analog and embedded processing products sold into industrial and automotive markets provide long product life cycles, intrinsic diversity and less capital-intensive manufacturing, which we believe offer stability, profitability and strong cash generation.
This business model is the foundation of our capital management strategy, which is based on our belief that free cash flow growth, especially on a per-share basis, is important for maximizing shareholder value over the long term. We also believe that free cash flow (cash flow from operations less capital expenditures) will be valued only if it is productively invested in the business or returned to shareholders. TI’s business model puts uscompetitive advantages help position TI in a unique class of companies capable of generating and returning significant amounts of cash for our owners. We make our investments with an eye towards long-term strengthening and leveraging of these advantages.
The second element of our strategy to maximize free cash flow per share growth is disciplined allocation of capital. This spans how we select R&D projects, develop new capabilities like TI.com, invest in new manufacturing capacity or how we think about acquisitions and returning cash to our owners. Over a 10-year period from 2011 to 2020, we allocated $83 billion, which reinforces the importance of discipline in capital allocation. The largest allocation over this period was to drive organic growth, which includes investments in R&D, sales and marketing, capital expenditures and working capital for inventory. Beyond that, we also allocated capital to dividends and share repurchases. Dividends are designed to appeal to a broad set of investors, and share repurchases are made with the abilitygoal of the accretive capture of future free cash flow for long-term investors. Lastly, we allocate to grow, generateacquisitions for inorganic growth, which we last did in 2011 when we acquired National Semiconductor.
The third element of our strategy is efficiency, which we think of as constantly striving for more output for every dollar spent. This is about getting our investments in the most impactful areas to maximize the growth of long-term free cash flow per share; it is not just about optimizing cost-cutting to get to the last dollar of expense. We bring this philosophy of efficiency and returncontinuous improvement to all areas of the company, and this focus on efficiency contributes to revenue growth, improved gross margins, disciplined R&D and SG&A expense, free cash flow margins and ultimately to free cash flow per share growth.
We believe that cash to shareholders.
Theour business model with the combined effect of our ambitions, business model and sustainablefour competitive advantages issets TI apart from our peers and will for a long time to come. We will invest to strengthen our competitive advantages, be disciplined in capital allocation and stay diligent in our pursuit of efficiencies. Finally, we will remain focused on the belief that we have continued to build a stronger company. Over time, we have gained market share in Analog and Embedded Processing and grown and returned alllong-term growth of free cash flow per share is the ultimate measure to our owners.generate value.
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Product information
Semiconductors are electronic components that serve as the building blocks inside modern electronic systems and equipment. Semiconductors, generally known as “chips,” combine multiple transistors to form a complete electronic circuit. We have tens of thousands of productsa diverse product portfolio that areis used to accomplish many different things, such as converting and amplifying signals, interfacing with other devices, managing and distributing power, processing data, canceling noise and improving signal resolution. This broad portfolio includes approximately 80,000 products that are integral to almost allevery type of electronic equipment.
Our segments represent groups of similar products that are combined on the basis of similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels. Our segments also reflect how management allocates resources and measures results.
Analog
Our Analog segment generated $10.22$10.89 billion of revenue in 2019.2020. Analog semiconductors change real-world signals, such as sound, temperature, pressure or images, by conditioning them, amplifying them and often converting them to a stream of digital data that can be processed by other semiconductors, such as embedded processors. Analog semiconductors are also used to manage power in all electronic equipment by converting, distributing, storing, discharging, isolating and measuring electrical energy, whether the equipment is plugged into a wall or using a battery. As the digitization of electronics continues, there is a growing need and opportunity for analog chips to provide the power to run devices and the critical interfaces with human beings, the real world and other electronic devices. Our Analog products are used in many markets, particularly industrial, automotive and personal electronics.
Sales of our Analog products generated about 71%75% of our revenue in 2019. According to external sources, the market for analog semiconductors was about $54 billion in 2019. Our Analog segment’s revenue in 2019 was about 19% of this fragmented market, which is the leading position. We believe we are well positioned to increase our market share over time.
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2020.
Our Analog segment includes the following major product lines: Power and Signal Chain and High Volume.Chain.
Power
Power includes products that help customers manage power in electronic systems.systems in all end markets. Our broad portfolio is designed to manage power requirements across different voltage levels, using battery managementincluding battery-management solutions, portable components,DC/DC switching regulators, AC/DC and isolated controllers and converters, power supply controls, point-of-load products, switches, linear regulators, voltage supervisors, voltage references and interfaces, integrated protection devices, high-voltage products and mobile lighting and display products.
Signal Chain
Signal Chain includes products that sense, condition and measure real-world signals to allow information to be transferred or converted for further processing and control. Our Signal Chain products, which serve a variety of end markets, include amplifiers, data converters, interface products, motor drives, clocks, logic and sensing products.
High Volume
High Volume includes integrated analog and standard products that are primarily sold into markets such as personal electronics, industrial and automotive. These products support applications like displays and automotive safety systems.
Embedded Processing
Our Embedded Processing segment generated $2.94$2.57 billion of revenue in 2019.2020. Embedded Processing products are the digital “brains” of many types of electronic equipment. Embedded processorsThey are designed to handle specific tasks and can be optimized for various combinations of performance, power and cost, depending on the application. Our devices vary from simple, low-cost microcontrollers used in applications such as electric toothbrushes to highly specialized, complex devices used in automotive applications such as infotainment systems and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).motor control. Our Embedded Processing products are used in many markets, particularly industrial and automotive.
An important characteristic of our Embedded Processing products is that our customers often invest their own research and development (R&D) to write software that operates on our products. This investment tends to increase the length of our customer relationships because many customers prefer to re-usereuse software from one product generation to the next.
Sales of Embedded Processing products generated about 20%18% of our revenue in 2019. According to external sources, the market for embedded processors was about $18 billion in 2019. Our Embedded Processing segment’s revenue in 2019 was about 16% of this fragmented market, which is among the leaders. We believe we are well positioned to increase our market share over time.2020.
Our Embedded Processing segment includes the following major product lines: Connected Microcontrollersmicrocontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs) and Processors.
Connected Microcontrollers
Connected Microcontrollers includes microcontrollers, microcontrollers with integrated wireless capabilities and stand-alone wireless connectivity solutions.applications processors. Microcontrollers are self-contained systems with a processor core, memory and peripherals that are designed to control a set of specific tasks for electronic equipment.
Processors
Processors includes digital signal processors (DSPs) and applications processors. DSPs perform mathematical computations almost instantaneously to process or improve digital data. Applications processors are designed for specific computing activity.
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Other
We report the results of our remaining business activities in Other, which includes operating segments that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for individually reportable segments and cannot be aggregated with other operating segments. Other generated $1.22$1.01 billion of revenue in 20192020 and includes revenue from DLP® products (primarily used in projectors to createproject high-definition images), calculators and certain custom semiconductors known as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
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In Other, we also include items that are not used in evaluating the results of or in allocating resources to our segments. Examples of these items include acquisition charges, restructuring charges and certain corporate-level items, such as litigation expenses, environmental costs insurance settlements and gains and losses from other activities, including asset dispositions.
Markets for our products
The table below lists the major markets for our products in 20192020 and the estimated percentage of our 20192020 revenue that the market represented. The chart also lists, in declining order of our revenue, the sectors within each market.
MarketSector
IndustrialFactory automation & control
(36%37% of TI revenue)Medical
Building automation
Grid infrastructure
Medical
Aerospace & defense
Test & measurement
Appliances
Pro audio, videoTest & signagemeasurement
Motor drives
Power delivery
Pro audio, video & signage
Retail automation & paymentspayment
Industrial transport
Lighting
AutomotiveInfotainment & cluster
(21%20% of TI revenue)Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)
Passive safetyHybrid, electric & powertrain systems
Hybrid, electric & powertrain systemsPassive safety
Body electronics & lighting
Personal electronicsMobile phones
(23%27% of TI revenue)Portable electronicsPC & notebooks
PC & notebooksPortable electronics
Connected peripherals & printers
Home theatre & entertainmentTV
TVHome theater & entertainment
Tablets
Wearables (non-medical)
Data storage
Gaming
Communications equipmentWireless infrastructure
(11%8% of TI revenue)Wired networking
Broadband fixed line access
Datacom module
Enterprise systemsData center & enterprise computing
(6% of TI revenue)Enterprise projectors
Enterprise machine
Other (calculators and other)
(3%2% of TI revenue)
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Market characteristics
Competitive landscape
Despite recent consolidation, the analog and embedded processing markets remain highly fragmented. As a result, we face significant global competition from dozens of large and small companies, including both broad-based suppliers and niche suppliers. Our competitors also include emerging companies, particularly in Asia, that sell products into the same markets in which we operate.
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Asia.
We believe that competitive performance in the semiconductor market generally depends on several factors, including the breadth of a company’s product line, the strength and depthreach of its channels to market, technological innovation, product development execution, technical support, customer service, quality, reliability, price and manufacturing capacity and capabilities and price.capabilities. In addition, manufacturing process and package technologies that provide differentiated levels of performance and a structural cost advantage are competitive factors for our Analoganalog products, and customers’ prior investments in software development is a competitive factor for our Embedded Processingembedded processing products.
Product cycle
The global semiconductor market is characterized by constant, though generally incremental, advances in product designs and manufacturing processes. Semiconductor prices and manufacturing costs tend to decline over time as manufacturing processes and product life cycles mature.
Market cycle
The “semiconductor cycle” refers to the ebb and flow of supply and demand and the building and depleting of inventories. The semiconductor market historically has been characterized by periods of tight supply caused by strengthening demand and/or insufficient manufacturing capacity, followed by periods of surplus inventory caused by weakening demand and/or excess manufacturing capacity. These are typically referred to as upturns and downturns in the semiconductor cycle. TheA semiconductor cycle could be affected by the significant time and money required to build and maintain semiconductor manufacturing facilities.
We employ several strategies to dampenwhich have many benefits, including dampening the effect of the semiconductor cycle on TI. WeAs an example, we are focused on building closer direct relationships with customers. When it comes to market cycles, these relationships provide improved insight into customer demand and allow us to more accurately and efficiently manage factory loadings and inventory levels, which lead to more stable lead times and higher product availability. Finally, we focus our resources on analog and embedded processing products and industrial and automotive markets. TheseGenerally, our products and markets serve a large and diverse customer base, which reduces our dependence on the performance of aany single product, market or small groupcustomer. In addition, they typically have long shelf lives and low risk of customers.obsolescence. Industrial and automotive markets also benefit from long product life cycles, with revenue often lasting 10 years or more, which help to smooth the impact of cyclicality. In addition, we plan manufacturing facility and equipment expansion ahead of demand, as well as utilize consignment inventory programs to give us improved insight into customer demand and more accurately manage factory loadings.
Seasonality
Our revenue is subject to some seasonal variation. Historically, our sequential revenue growth rate tends to be weaker in the first and fourth quarters when compared with the second and third quarters.
Customers, sales and distribution
We sell our products to aboutover 100,000 customers. Our customer base is diverse, with more than one-third of our revenue derived from customers outside our largest 100.
We market and sell our products through direct sales channels, including our website and broad sales force and our website,applications team, and through distributors. In 2019, about 65% of our sales were fulfilled through our distributors, and they maintain inventory of our products.
Over the past several years, we have been investing in new capabilities and evolving our distribution network to better align with our strategy to establish closer more direct relationships with our customers. Closer direct customer relationships give us better insight into customer needs and allow us to provide better service and greater assurance of supply, among other benefits. As we expand these direct customer relationships over the next several years, we will haveWith less business flowing through the distribution channel, and therefore willwe require fewer distributors. During 2020, we completed our transition to a single worldwide distributor, coupled with a few region-specific distributors, for order fulfillment. Building closer direct customer relationships strengthens our reach of market channel advantage, which gives us access to more customers and more of their design projects, leading to the opportunity to sell more of our products into each design. Additionally, broader and deeper access gives us better insight and knowledge of customer needs.
Our investments in new and improved capabilities to directly support our customers include website and e-commerce enhancements as well as inventory consignment programs and order fulfillment services.
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Manufacturing
Semiconductor manufacturing begins with a sequence of photolithographic and chemical processing steps that fabricate a number of semiconductor devices on a thin silicon wafer. Each device on the wafer is packaged and tested. The entire process takes place in highly specialized facilities with most products requiring about two to three months for completion.
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that require substantial investments.
We own and operate semiconductor manufacturing facilities in North America, Asia, Japan and Europe. These include both wafer fabrication and assembly/test facilities. Our facilities require substantial investment to construct and are largely fixed-cost assets once in operation.
We invest in manufacturing technologies and do most of our manufacturing in-house. This strategic decision to directlymake manufacturing and technology a core competitive advantage delivers tangible benefits of lower manufacturing costs and greater control our manufacturing helps ensure a consistent supply of products for our customers and also allows us to invest in technology that differentiates the features of our products.supply chain. We have focused on creating a competitive manufacturing structural cost advantage by investing in our advanced analog 300-millimeter capacity, which has about a 40% cost advantage percapacity. An unpackaged chip over 200-millimeter.built on 300-millimeter wafers costs about 40% less than an unpackaged chip built on 200-millimeter wafers. To strengthen this advantage, we are moving forward with our plan to buildconstruction is underway on our new 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility in Richardson, Texas, as 300-millimeter wafers will continue to support the majority of our Analog growth.
We assess and are careful to address potential health, safety, and environmental risks presented by our operations, including our manufacturing operations. We care for our environment and work to prevent pollution and the potential risks related to climate change by implementing practices such as recycling and reusing materials, controlling harmful emissions, and properly handling hazardous and restricted substances.
We expect to continue to maintain sufficient internal manufacturing capacity to meet the majority of our production needs and to obtain manufacturing equipment to support new technology developments and revenue growth. To supplement our manufacturing capacity and maximize our responsiveness to customer demand, we selectively use the capacity of outside suppliers, commonly known as foundries, and subcontractors. In 2019,2020, we sourced about 20% of our total wafers from external foundries most of which support our Embedded Processing segment, and about 40% of our assembly/test services from subcontractors.
Inventory
Our objectives for inventory are to maintain high levels of customer service, maintain stable and stablecompetitive lead times, minimize inventory obsolescence and improve manufacturing asset utilization. To meet these objectives and to allow greater flexibility in periods of high demand, we build ahead of demand long-lived, low-volume products and maintain inventory of otherour broad-based products that haveare used across a broad customer basediverse set of applications and customers and have low risk of obsolescence. Further, we have improved insight into demand and are better able to manage our factory loadings because over time we have increased consignment inventory programs and are building closer, more direct relationships with our customers. In 2019, about 65% of TI revenue was fulfilled from consignment programs. Our strategy and expected customer demandInventory levels will cause our inventory levels to fluctuate over time.
Backlog
We define backlog as of a particular date as purchase orders with a customer-requested delivery date within a specified length of time. Our backlog at any particular date may not be indicative of revenue for any future period. As customer requirements and industry conditions change, orders may be subject to cancellation or modification of terms such as pricing, quantity or delivery date. Customer order placement practices continually evolvevary based on customers’ individual business needsmarket conditions and capabilities, as well as industry supply and capacity considerations. Further, our consignment programs do not result in backlog because the order occurs at the same time as delivery, i.e., when the customer pulls the product from consigned inventory. Our backlog of orders was $1.0 billion at December 31, 2019, and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2018.seasonality.
Raw materials
We purchase materials, parts and supplies from a number of suppliers. In some cases we purchase such items from sole-source suppliers. The materials, parts and supplies essential to our business are generally available at present, and we believe that such materials, parts and supplies will be available in the foreseeable future.
Intellectual property
We own many patents and have many patent applications pending in the United States and other countries in fields relating to our business. We have developed a strong, broad-based patent portfolio and continually add patents to that portfolio. We also have license agreements, which vary in duration, involving rights to our portfolio or those of other companies. We do not consider our business materially dependent upon any one patent or patent license.
We often participate in industry initiatives to set technical standards. Our competitors may participate in the same initiatives. Participation in these initiatives may require us to license certain of our patents to other companies on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms.
We own trademarks that are used in the conduct of our business. These trademarks are valuable assets, the most important of which are “Texas Instruments” and our corporate monogram.
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Executive officers of the Registrant
The following is an alphabetical list of the names and ages of the executive officers of the company and the positions or offices with the company held by each person named:
NameAgePosition
Niels AnderskouvAhmad S. Bahai58Senior Vice President
Kyle M. Flessner50Senior Vice President
AhmadMark S. BahaiGary57Senior Vice President
Ellen L. Barker57Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer
Kyle M. Flessner4946Senior Vice President
Haviv Ilan5152SeniorExecutive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Hagop H. Kozanian3738Senior Vice President
Rafael R. Lizardi4748Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Amichai Ron4243Senior Vice President
Richard K. Templeton6162Director, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Cynthia Hoff Trochu5657Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel
Julie M. Van Haren51Senior Vice President
Darla H. Whitaker54Senior Vice President
Bing Xie5255Senior Vice President
The term of office of these officers is from the date of their election until their successor shall have been elected and qualified. All have been employees of the company for more than five years. Messrs.Mr. Templeton and XieMses. Trochu and Ms. Whitaker have served as executive officers of the company for more than five years. Ms. Trochu became an executive officer of the company in 2015. Messrs. Anderskouv, Ilan and Lizardi and Mses. Barker andMs. Van Haren became executive officers of the company in 2017. Messrs. Bahai, Flessner and Kozanian became executive officers of the company in 2018. Mr. Ron became an executive officer in 2019. Mr. Anderskouv was previouslyGary became an executive officer of the company from 2012 to 2014.in 2020.
EmployeesHuman capital management
At December 31, 2019,2020, we had 29,768 employees.about 30,000 employees worldwide. Of those, about 85% were in Sales, R&D or manufacturing. Our objective for human capital management is to recruit, develop and retain the best talent possible. As a technology and manufacturing company, our success is grounded in having strong engineering talent and a reliable factory workforce. We have a promote-from-within culture and offer training and rotation programs that provide the opportunity to quickly gain experience in different areas. In 2020, our turnover rate was 7.1%.
It is important that our employees represent a mix of experiences and backgrounds in order to make our company stronger, more innovative and more inclusive. Inclusion is one of our core values, and we have programs in place to promote diversity and inclusion. To learn more, review our Corporate Citizenship Report. Information in our Corporate Citizenship Report is not part of this report.
Available information
Our internet address is www.ti.com. Information on our website is not part of this report. We make available free of charge through our Investor Relations website our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. Also available through the TI Investor Relations website are reports filed by our directors and executive officers on Forms 3, 4 and 5, and amendments to those reports.
Available on our website at www.ti.com/corporategovernance: (i) our Corporate Governance Guidelines; (ii) charters for the Audit, Compensation, and Governance and Stockholder Relations Committees of our board of directors; (iii) our Code of Conduct; and (iv) our Code of Ethics for TI Chief Executive Officer and Senior Finance Officers. Stockholders may request copies of these documents free of charge by writing to Texas Instruments Incorporated, Attention: Investor Relations, P.O. Box 660199, MS 8657, Dallas, Texas, 75266-0199, Attention: Investor Relations.75266-0199.
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ITEM 1A. Risk factors
You should read the following risk factors in conjunction with the factors discussed elsewhere in this and other of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and in materials incorporated by reference into these filings. These risk factors are intended to highlight certain factors that may affect our financial condition and results of operations and are not meant to be an exhaustive discussion of risks that apply to TI, a company with broad international operations. Like many companies, we are susceptible to a potential downturn associated with macroeconomic weakness, which may affect our performance and the performance of our customers. Similarly, the price of our securities is subject to volatility due to fluctuations in general market conditions, actual financial results that do not meet our and/or the investment community’s expectations, changes in our and/or the investment community’s expectations for our future results, dividends or share repurchases, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Risks related to our business and industry
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition is uncertain.
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The global spread of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has created significant uncertainty and economic disruption, both near-term and potentially long-term. We have modified, and might further modify, our business practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, related third-party responses, including from government authorities and our suppliers, customers and distributors, and the economic and social ramifications of the disease and societal responses across the markets in which TI operates. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business, results of operation and financial condition is difficult to predict and depends on numerous evolving factors including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; government, social, business and other actions that have been and will be taken in response to the pandemic; and the effect of the pandemic on short- and long-term general economic conditions. We might experience short- or long-term constrained supply or volatility in customer demand, which could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results in future periods.
Our global operations subject us to risks associated with domestic or international political, social, economic or other conditions.
We have facilities in more than 30 countries. About 85%90% of our revenue comes from shipments to locations outside the United States; shipments of products into Chinato China-based customers represent a large portionabout 20% of our revenue. Certain countries where we operate have experienced, and other countries may experience, increasing protectionismtrade tension that affects global trade and macroeconomic conditions through the enactment of tariffs, import or export restrictions, trade embargoes and sanctions, restrictions on cross-border investment and other trade barriers. This protectionism impactsTrade tensions impact our ability to deliver products and product support into China, could cause Chinese customers to seek alternate suppliers and could otherwise adversely affect our operations and financial results.
We are exposed to political, social and economic conditions, security risks, terrorism or other hostile acts, health conditions and epidemics, labor conditions, and possible disruptions in transportation, communications and information technology networks of the various countries in which we operate. In addition, our global operations expose us to periods when the U.S. dollar significantly fluctuates in relation to the non-U.S. currencies in which we transact business. The remeasurement of non-U.S. dollar transactions can have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We face substantial competition that requires us to respond rapidly to product development and pricing pressures.
We face intense technological and pricing competition in the markets in which we operate. We expect this competition will continue to increase from large competitors and from small competitors serving niche markets, and also from emerging companies, particularly in Asia, that sell products into the same markets in which we operate. For example, we may face increased competition as a result of China actively promoting and reshaping its domestic semiconductor industry through policy changes and investment. These actions, in conjunction with trade tensions, may restrict us from participating in the China market or may prevent us from competing effectively. Certain competitors possess sufficient financial, technical and management resources to develop and market products that may compete favorably against our products, and consolidation among our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively. The price and product development pressures that result from competition may lead to reduced profit margins and lost business opportunities in the event that we are unable to match the price declines or cost efficiencies, or meet the technological, product, support, software or manufacturing advancements of our competitors.
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Changes in expected demand for our products could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our customers include companies in a wide range of end markets and sectors within those markets. If demand in one or more sectors within our end markets declines or the rate of growth slows, our results of operations may be adversely affected. The cyclical nature of the semiconductor market occasionally leads to significant and rapid increases and decreases in product demand. Additionally, the loss or significant curtailment of purchases by one or more of our large customers, including curtailments due to a change in the design or manufacturing sourcing policies or practices of these customers, the timing of customer or distributor inventory adjustments, changes in demand for customer products, or trade restrictions, may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our results of operations also might suffer because of a general decline in customer demand resulting from, for example: uncertainty regarding the stability of global credit and financial markets; natural events, epidemics or domestic or international political, social, economic or other conditions; breaches of customer information technology systems that disrupt customer operations; or a customer’s inability to access credit markets and other sources of needed liquidity.
Our ability to match inventory and production with the product mix needed to fill orders may affect our ability to meet a quarter’s revenue forecast. In addition, when responding to customers’ requests for shorter shipment lead times, weWe manufacture products based on forecasts of customers’ demands. These forecasts are based on multiple assumptions. If we inaccurately forecast customer demand, we mayassumptions, and if inaccurate, could cause us to hold inadequate, excess or obsolete inventory that would reduce our profit margins and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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Our operating results and our reputation could be adversely affected by breaches, disruptions or other incidents relating to our information technology systems.
Breaches, disruptions or other incidents relating to our information technology systems or the systems of our customers, vendors and other third parties could be caused by factors such as computer viruses, system failures, restricted network access, unauthorized access, terrorism, employee malfeasance, or human error. These events could, among other things, compromise our information technology networks; result in corrupt or lost data or the unauthorized release of our, our customers’ or our suppliers’ confidential or proprietary information; cause a disruption to our manufacturing and other operations; result in the release of personal data; or cause us to incur costs associated with increased protection, remediation, regulatory inquiries or penalties, or claims for damages, any of which could adversely affect our operating results and our reputation. Cybersecurity or other threats to our information technology systems or the systems of our customers, vendors and other third parties are frequent and constantly evolving, thereby increasing the difficulty of defending against them.
Our ability to successfully implement strategic, business and organizational changes could affect our business plans and results of operations.
From time to time, we undertake strategic, business and organizational changes, including acquisitions, divestitures and restructuring actions, to support or carry out our objectives. Our failure toIf we do not successfully implement these changes, could adversely affect our business plans and operating results.results could be adversely affected. We may not achieve or sustain the expected growth, cost savings or other benefits of strategic, business and organizational changes, and restructuring charges associated with these actions could differ materially in amount and timing from our expectations.
Our results of operations could be affected by natural events in the locations in which we operate.
We have manufacturing, data and design facilities and other operations in locations subject to natural occurrences such as severe weather, geological events or health epidemics that could disrupt operations. A natural disaster that results in a prolonged disruption, particularly where we have principal manufacturing and design operations, as listed in the Properties section in Item 2. Properties,2, may adversely affect our results and financial condition.
Rapid technological change in markets we serve requires us to develop new technologies and products.
Rapid technological change in markets we serve could contribute to shortened product life cycles and a decline in average selling prices of our products. Our results of operations depend in part upon our ability to successfully develop, manufacture and market innovative products in a timely and cost-effective manner. We make significant investments in research and development to improve existing technology and products, develop new products to meet changing customer demands, and improve our production processes. In some cases, we might not realize a return or the expected return on our investments because they are generally made before commercial viability can be assured. Further, projects that are commercially viable may not contribute to our operating results until at least a few years after they are completed. 
9

We face supply chain and manufacturing risks.
We rely on third parties to supply us with goods and services in a cost-effective and timely manner. Our access to needed goods and services may be adversely affected by potential disputes with suppliers or disruptions in our suppliers’ operations as a result of, for example: quality excursions; uncertainty regarding the stability of global credit and financial markets; domestic or international political, social, economic and other conditions; natural events or health epidemics in the locations in which our suppliers operate; or limited or delayed access to key raw materials, natural resources and utilities. Additionally, a breach or other incident relating to our suppliers’ information technology systems could result in a release of confidential or proprietary information. If our suppliers are unable to access credit markets and other sources of needed liquidity, we may be unable to obtain needed supplies, collect accounts receivable or access needed technology.
In particular, our manufacturing processes and critical manufacturing equipment require that certain key raw materials, natural resources and utilities be available. Limited or delayed access to and high costs of these items could adversely affect our results of operations. Our products contain materials that are subject to conflict minerals reporting requirements. Our relationships with customers and suppliers may be adversely affected if we are unable to describe our products as conflict-free. Additionally, our costs may increase if one or more of our customers demand that we change the sourcing of materials we cannot identify as conflict-free.
9

Our inability to timely implement new manufacturing technologies or install manufacturing equipment could adversely affect our results of operations. We subcontract a portion of our wafer fabrication and assembly and testing of our products, and we depend on third parties to provide advanced logic manufacturing process technology development. We do not have long-term contracts with all of these suppliers, and the number of alternate suppliers is limited. Reliance on these suppliers involves risks, including possible shortages of capacity in periods of high demand, suppliers’ inability to develop and deliver advanced logic manufacturing process technology in a timely, cost effective,cost-effective, and appropriate manner, the possibility of suppliers’ imposition of increased costs on us and the unauthorized disclosure or use of our intellectual property. 
Our results of operations and our reputation could be affected by warranty claims, product liability claims, product recalls or legal proceedings.
Claims based on warranty, product liability, epidemic or delivery failures, or other grounds relating to our products, manufacturing, services, designs, communications or cybersecurity could lead to significant expenses as we defend the claims or pay damage awards or settlements. In the event of a claim, we would also incur costs if we decide to compensate the affected customer or end consumer. Any such claims may also cause us to write off the value of related inventory. We maintain product liability insurance, but there is no guarantee that such insurance will be available or adequate to protect against all such claims. In addition, it is possible for a customer to recall a product containing a TI part, for example, with respect to products used in automotive applications or handheld electronics, which may cause us to incur costs and expenses relating to the recall. Any of these events could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and reputation.
Our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected if a customer or a distributor suffers a loss with respect to our inventory.
We have consignment inventory programs in place for some of our largest customers and distributors. If a customer or distributor were to experience a loss with respect to TI-consigned inventory, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected if we do not recover the full value of the lost inventory from the customer, distributor or insurer, or if our recovery is delayed.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by distributors’ promotion of competing product lines or our distributors’ financial performance.
In 2020, about half of our revenue was generated from sales of our products through distributors. Our distributors carry competing product lines, and our sales could be affected if semiconductor distributors promote competing products over our products. Moreover, our results of operations could be affected if our distributors suffer financial difficulties that result in their inability to pay amounts owed to us. Disputes with current or former distributors could be disruptive or harmful to our business.
10

Our margins vary.
Our profit margins vary due to a number of factors, which may include customer demand and shipment volume; our manufacturing processes; product mix; inventory levels; tariffs; freight costs; and new accounting pronouncements or changes in existing accounting practices or standards. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive market environment that might adversely affect pricing for our products. Because we own much of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating costs is fixed. In general, these fixed costs do not decline with reductions in customer demand or factory loadings, and can adversely affect profit margins as a result.
Our continued success depends in part on our ability to retain and recruit a sufficient number of qualified employees in a competitive environment.
Our continued success depends in part on the retention and recruitment of skilled personnel, as well as the effective management of succession for key employees. Skilled and experienced personnel in our industry, including engineering, management, marketing, technical and staff personnel, are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully retain and recruit the key engineering, management and technical personnel that we require to execute our business strategy. Our ability to recruit internationally or deploy employees to various locations may be limited by immigration laws.
Legal and regulatory risks
Our operations could be affected by the complex laws, rules and regulations to which our business is subject.
We are subject to complex laws, rules and regulations affecting our domestic and international operations relating to, for example, the environment and climate change, safety and health; trade; bribery and corruption; financial reporting; tax; data privacy and protection; labor and employment; competition; market access; epidemics; intellectual property ownership and infringement; and the movement of currency. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulations may be onerous and expensive and could restrict our ability to manufacture or ship our products and operate our business. If we fail todo not comply or if we become subject to enforcement activity, we could be subject to fines, penalties or other legal liability. Furthermore, should these laws, rules and regulations be amended or expanded, or new ones enacted, we could incur materially greater compliance costs or restrictions on our ability to manufacture our products and operate our business. 
Some of these complex laws, rules and regulations – for example, those related to environmental, safety and health requirements – may particularly affect us in the jurisdictions in which we manufacture products, especially if such laws and regulations: require the use of abatement equipment beyond what we currently employ; require the addition or elimination of a raw material or process to or from our current manufacturing processes; or impose costs, fees or reporting requirements on the direct or indirect use of energy, natural resources, or materials or gases used or emitted into the environment in connection with the manufacture of our products. A substitute for a prohibited raw material or process might not be available, or might not be available at reasonable cost.
Our results of operations could be affected by changes in tax-related matters.
We have facilities in more than 30 countries and as a result are subject to taxation and audit by a number of taxing authorities. Tax rates vary among the jurisdictions in which we operate. If our tax rate increases, our results of operations could be adversely affected. A number of factors could cause our tax rate to increase, including a change in the jurisdictions in which our profits are earned and taxed; a change in the mix of profits from those jurisdictions; changes in available tax credits or deductions, including for amounts relating to stock compensation; changes in applicable tax rates; changes in tariff regulations or surcharges; changes in accounting principles; or adverse resolution of audits by taxing authorities. We have deferred tax assets on our balance sheet. Changes in applicable tax laws and regulations or in our business performance could affect our ability to realize those deferred tax assets, which could also affect our results of operations.
In addition, we are subject to laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that determine how much profit has been earned and when it is subject to taxation in that jurisdiction. These laws and regulations can be complex and subject to interpretation. Changes in these laws and regulations, including those that align with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting recommendations, could affect the locations where we are deemed to earn income, which could in turn affect our results of operations. Each quarter we forecast our tax expense based on our forecast of our performance for the year. If that performance forecast changes, our forecasted tax expense will change.
1011

Our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected if a customer or a distributor suffers a loss with respect to our inventory.
We have consignment inventory programs in place for some of our largest customers and distributors. If a customer or distributor were to experience a loss with respect to TI-consigned inventory, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected if we do not recover the full value of the lost inventory from the customer, distributor or insurer, or if our recovery is delayed.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by our distributors’ promotion of competing product lines or our distributors’ financial performance.
In 2019, about 65% of our revenue was generated from sales of our products through distributors. Our distributors carry competing product lines, and our sales could be affected if our distributors promote competing products over our products. Moreover, our results of operations could be affected if our distributors suffer financial difficulties that result in their inability to pay amounts owed to us. Disputes with significant distributors could be disruptive or harmful to our business.
Our margins vary.
Our profit margins vary due to a number of factors, which may include customer demand and shipment volume; our manufacturing processes; product mix; inventory levels; tariffs; and new accounting pronouncements or changes in existing accounting practices or standards. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive market environment that might adversely affect pricing for our products. Because we own much of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating costs is fixed. In general, these fixed costs do not decline with reductions in customer demand or factory loadings, and can adversely affect profit margins as a result.
Our performance depends in part on our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights and to maintain freedom of operation.
Access to worldwide markets depends in part on the continued strength of our intellectual property portfolio in all jurisdictions where we conduct business. There can be no assurance that, as our business evolves, we will obtain the necessary intellectual property rights, or that we will be able to independently develop the technology, software or know-how necessary to conduct our business or that we can do so without infringing the intellectual property rights of others. To the extent that we have to rely on licensed technology from others for which a license is required, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain licensessuch a license at all or on terms we consider reasonable. We, directly orand indirectly, face infringement claims from third parties, including non-practicing entities that have acquired patents to pursue enforcement actions against other companies. We also face infringement claims where we or our customers make, use or sell products and where the intellectual property laws may be less established or less predictable. These assertions, whether or not of any merit, expose us to claims for damages and/or injunctions from third parties, as well as claims for indemnification by our customers in instances where we have a contractual or other legal obligation to indemnify them against damages resulting from infringement claims.
We actively enforce and protect our own intellectual property rights. However, our efforts cannot prevent all misappropriation or improper use of our protected technology and information, including, for example, third parties’ use of our patented or copyrighted technology, or our trade secrets in their products without the right to do so, or third parties’ sale of counterfeit products bearing our trademark. The risk of unfair copying or cloning may impede our ability to sell our products. The laws of countries where we operate may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws.
Increases in health care and pension benefit costs could affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Federal and state health care reform programs could increase our costs with regard to medical coverage of our employees, which could reduce profitability and affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, obligations related to our pension and other postretirement plans reflect assumptions that affect the planned funding and costs of these plans, including the actual return on plan assets, discount rates, plan participant population demographics and changes in pension regulations. Changes in these assumptions may affect plan funding, cash flow and results of operations, and our costs and funding obligations could increase significantly if our plans’ actual experience differs from these assumptions.
Risks related to our financing activities and other risks
Our debt could affect our operations and financial condition.
From time to time, we issue debt securities with various interest rates and maturities. While we believe we will have the ability to service this debt, our ability to make principal and interest payments when due depends upon our future performance, which will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles, and business and other factors affecting our operations, including our other risk factors, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, our obligation to make principal and interest payments could divert funds that otherwise wouldmight be invested in our operations or returned to shareholders, or could cause us to raise funds by, for example, issuing new debt or equity or selling assets.
11

Our results of operations and liquidity could be affected by changes in the financial markets.
We maintain bank accounts, one or more multiyear revolving credit agreements, and a portfolio of investments to support the financing needs of the company. Our ability to fund our operations, invest in our business, make strategic acquisitions, service our debt obligations and meet our cash return objectives depends upon continuous access to our bank and investment accounts, and may depend on access to our bank credit lines that support commercial paper borrowings and provide additional liquidity through short-term bank loans. If we are unable to access these accounts and credit lines (for example, due to instability in the financial markets), our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected and our ability to access the capital markets or redeem our investments could be restricted. 
Increases in health care and pension benefit costs could affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Federal and state health care reform programs could increase our costs with regard to medical coverage of our employees, which could reduce profitability and affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, obligations related to our pension and other postretirement plans reflect assumptions that affect the planned funding and costs of these plans, including the actual return on plan assets, discount rates, plan participant population demographics and changes in pension regulations. Changes in these assumptions may affect plan funding, cash flow and results of operations, and our costs and funding obligations could increase significantly if our plans’ actual experience differs from these assumptions. 
Our continued success depends in part on our ability to retain and recruit a sufficient number of qualified employees in a competitive environment.
Our continued success depends in part on the retention and recruitment of skilled personnel, as well as the effective management of succession for key employees. Skilled and experienced personnel in our industry, including engineering, management, marketing, technical and staff personnel, are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully retain and recruit the key engineering, management and technical personnel that we require to execute our business strategy. Our ability to recruit internationally or deploy employees to various locations may be limited by immigration laws.
Material impairments of our goodwill or intangible assets could adversely affect our results of operations.
We have a significant amount of goodwill and intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet. Charges associated with impairments of goodwill or intangible assets could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 1B. Unresolved staff comments
Not applicable.
12

ITEM 2. Properties
Our principal executive offices are located at 12500 TI Boulevard, Dallas, Texas. The following table indicates the general location of our principal manufacturing and design operations and the reportable segments that make major use of them. Except as otherwise indicated, we own these facilities.
AnalogEmbedded Processing
North Texas (Dallas, Richardson and Sherman)XX
Houston, TexasX
Tucson, Arizona *X
Santa Clara, CaliforniaX
South Portland, MaineX
Chengdu, China †XX
Shanghai, China *XX
Freising, GermanyXX
Bangalore, India †XX
Aizu, JapanXX
Miho, JapanXX
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia †XX
Melaka, Malaysia †X
Aguascalientes, Mexico *X
Baguio, Philippines †XX
Pampanga (Clark), Philippines †XX
Taipei, Taiwan †XX
*    Leased.
†    Portions of the facilities are leased and owned. This may include land leases.
Our facilities in the United States contained approximately 12.9 million square feet at December 31, 2019,2020, of which approximately 0.50.4 million square feet were leased. Our facilities outside the United States contained approximately 9.7 million square feet at December 31, 2019,2020, of which approximately 1.41.6 million square feet were leased.
At the end of 2019,2020, we occupied substantially all of the space in our facilities.
Leases covering our currently occupied leased facilities expire at varying dates, generally within the next five years. We believe our current properties are suitable and adequate for their intended purpose.
ITEM 3. Legal proceedings
We are involved in various inquiries and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that the amount of our liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
ITEM 4. Mine safety disclosures
Not applicable.
13

PART II
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities
TI common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol TXN. At December 31, 2019,2020, we had 13,09812,624 stockholders of record.
The following table contains information regarding our purchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2019.2020.
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (a)Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (a)
October 1, 2019 through October 31, 20191,420,035  $124.15  1,413,384  $13.50  billion
November 1, 2019 through November 30, 20192,013,945  118.57  2,013,945  13.26  billion
December 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019618,048  120.37  618,048  13.18  billion
Total4,052,028  (b)$120.80  (b)4,045,377  $13.18  billion (c)
PeriodTotal Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (a)Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (a)
October 1, 2020 through October 31, 20201,323 $146.19 — $10.65 billion
November 1, 2020 through November 30, 202091,680 156.59 91,680 10.63 billion
December 1, 2020 through December 31, 20204,513 159.96 4,513 10.63 billion
Total97,516 (b)$156.61 (b)96,193 $10.63 billion (c)
(a)All open-market purchases during the quarter were made under the authorization from our board of directors to purchase up to $6.0$12.0 billion of additional shares of TI common stock announced September 21, 2017. On September 20, 2018, our board of directors authorized the purchase of an additional $12.0 billion of our common stock.2018.
(b)In addition to open-market purchases, 6,6511,323 shares of common stock were surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units.
(c)As of December 31, 2019,2020, this amount consisted of the remaining portion of the $6.0 billion authorized in September 2017 and the $12.0 billion authorized in September 2018. No expiration date has been specified for these authorizations.this authorization.
14

ITEM 6. Selected financial data
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)20192018201720162015(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)20202019201820172016
Cash flow data:Cash flow data:Cash flow data:
Cash flows from operating activitiesCash flows from operating activities$6,649  $7,189  $5,363  $4,614  $4,397  Cash flows from operating activities$6,139 $6,649 $7,189 $5,363 $4,614 
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures847  1,131  695  531  551  Capital expenditures649 847 1,131 695 531 
Free cash flow (a)Free cash flow (a)5,802  6,058  4,668  4,083  3,846  Free cash flow (a)5,490 5,802 6,058 4,668 4,083 
Dividends paidDividends paid3,008  2,555  2,104  1,646  1,444  Dividends paid3,426 3,008 2,555 2,104 1,646 
Stock repurchasesStock repurchases2,960  5,100  2,556  2,132  2,741  Stock repurchases2,553 2,960 5,100 2,556 2,132 
Income statement data:Income statement data:Income statement data:
Revenue by segment:Revenue by segment:Revenue by segment:
AnalogAnalog10,223  10,801  9,900  8,536  8,339  Analog10,886 10,223 10,801 9,900 8,536 
Embedded ProcessingEmbedded Processing2,943  3,554  3,498  3,023  2,787  Embedded Processing2,570 2,943 3,554 3,498 3,023 
OtherOther1,217  1,429  1,563  1,811  1,874  Other1,005 1,217 1,429 1,563 1,811 
RevenueRevenue14,383  15,784  14,961  13,370  13,000  Revenue14,461 14,383 15,784 14,961 13,370 
Gross profitGross profit9,164  10,277  9,614  8,257  7,575  Gross profit9,269 9,164 10,277 9,614 8,257 
Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A)Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A)3,189  3,243  3,202  3,098  2,995  Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A)3,153 3,189 3,243 3,202 3,098 
Acquisition chargesAcquisition charges288  318  318  319  329  Acquisition charges198 288 318 318 319 
Restructuring charges/otherRestructuring charges/other(36) 3  11  (15) (71) Restructuring charges/other24 (36)3 11 (15)
Operating profitOperating profit5,723  6,713  6,083  4,855  4,322  Operating profit5,894 5,723 6,713 6,083 4,855 
Net incomeNet income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  $3,595  $2,986  Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 $3,682 $3,595 
A portion of net income is allocated to unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) is calculated using the following:A portion of net income is allocated to unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) is calculated using the following:A portion of net income is allocated to unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) is calculated using the following:
Net incomeNet income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  $3,595  $2,986  Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 $3,682 $3,595 
Income allocated to RSUsIncome allocated to RSUs(31) (42) (33) (44) (42) Income allocated to RSUs(27)(31)(42)(33)(44)
Income allocated to common shares for diluted EPSIncome allocated to common shares for diluted EPS$4,986  $5,538  $3,649  $3,551  $2,944  Income allocated to common shares for diluted EPS$5,568 $4,986 $5,538 $3,649 $3,551 
Average diluted shares outstanding (millions)Average diluted shares outstanding (millions)952  990  1,012  1,021  1,043  Average diluted shares outstanding (millions)933 952 990 1,012 1,021 
Diluted EPSDiluted EPS$5.24  $5.59  $3.61  $3.48  $2.82  Diluted EPS$5.97 $5.24 $5.59 $3.61 $3.48 
Cash dividends declared per common shareCash dividends declared per common share$3.21  $2.63  $2.12  $1.64  $1.40  Cash dividends declared per common share$3.72 $3.21 $2.63 $2.12 $1.64 
(a)Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure derived by subtracting capital expenditures from cash flows from operating activities.
December 31,December 31,
(Millions of dollars)(Millions of dollars)20192018201720162015(Millions of dollars)20202019201820172016
Balance sheet data:Balance sheet data:Balance sheet data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investmentsCash, cash equivalents and short-term investments$5,387  $4,233  $4,469  $3,490  $3,218  Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments$6,568 $5,387 $4,233 $4,469 $3,490 
Total assetsTotal assets18,018  17,137  17,642  16,431  16,230  Total assets19,351 18,018 17,137 17,642 16,431 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt500  749  500  631  1,000  Current portion of long-term debt550 500 749 500 631 
Long-term debtLong-term debt5,303  4,319  3,577  2,978  3,120  Long-term debt6,248 5,303 4,319 3,577 2,978 
See Management’s“Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operationsoperations” and Financial“Financial statements and supplementary data.
”
15

ITEM 7. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
Overview
We design, make and sell semiconductors to electronics designers and manufacturers all over the world. For many years, we have runTechnology is the foundation of our company, but ultimately, our objective and the best metric to measure progress and generate long-term value for owners is the growth of free cash flow per share.
Our strategy to maximize free cash flow per share growth has three elements:
1.A great business with three overarching ambitions in mind. First, we will act like owners who will own the company for decades. Second, we will adapt and succeed in a worldmodel that is ever changing. And third, we will be a company that we are personally proud to be a part offocused on analog and that we would want as our neighbor. When we are successful in achieving these ambitions, our employees, customers, communitiesembedded processing products and shareholders all win.
Our business model is designedbuilt around the followingfour sustainable competitive advantages. The four sustainable competitive advantages that we believe,are powerful in combination put us in a unique class of companies:and provide tangible benefits:
•i.A strong foundation of manufacturing and technology. We invest in manufacturing technologiestechnology that provides lower costs and do mostgreater control of our manufacturing in-house. This strategic decision to directly control our manufacturing helps ensure a consistent supply of products for our customers and also allows us to invest in technology that differentiates the features of our products. We have focused on creating a competitive manufacturing cost advantage by investing in our advanced analog 300-millimeter capacity, which has about a 40% cost advantage per unpackaged chip over 200-millimeter. To strengthen this advantage, we are moving forward with our plan to build our new 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facility in Richardson, Texas, as 300-millimeter wafers will continue to support the majority of our Analog growth.chain.
•ii.BroadA broad portfolioof differentiated analog and embedded processing products.products that offers more opportunity per customer and more value for our investments.
iii. Our customers need multiple chips for their systems. The breadthreach of our portfolio means we can meet more of these needs than our competitors can, whichmarket channels that gives us access to more customers and more of their design projects, leading to the opportunity to sell more of our products into each design and generate more revenue pergives us better insight and knowledge of customer system. We invest more than $1 billion each year to develop new products for our portfolio, which includes tens of thousands of products.needs.
•Reach of market channels. Customers often begin their initial product selection process and design-in journey on our website, and the breadth of our portfolio attracts more customers to our website than any of our competitors’ websites. Our web presence and global sales and applications team are advantages that give us unique access and insight to about 100,000 customers designing TI semiconductors into their end products.
•iv.Diversity and longevity of our products, markets and customer positions. Together, the attributes above result in diverse and long-lived positions that deliver high terminal value to our shareholders. Because of the breadth of our portfolio, we are not dependent on anyprovide less single product, customer, technology or market. Some of our products generate revenue for decades, which strengthens the returnpoint dependency and longer returns on our investments.
Our strategic focus,Together, these competitive advantages help position TI in a unique class of companies capable of generating and wherereturning significant amounts of cash for our owners. We make our investments with an eye towards long-term strengthening and leveraging of these advantages.
2.Discipline in allocating capital to the best opportunities. This spans how we select R&D projects, develop new capabilities like TI.com, invest the majority ofin new manufacturing capacity or how we think about acquisitions and returning cash to our resources, is on Analog and Embedded Processing, with a particular emphasis on designing and selling those products into the industrial and automotive markets. owners.
3.Efficiency, which means constantly striving for more output for every dollar spent.
We believe these markets represent the best growth opportunities over the next decade or longer, due to increasing semiconductor content. Additionally, analog and embedded processing products sold into industrial and automotive markets provide long product life cycles, intrinsic diversity and less capital-intensive manufacturing, which we believe offer stability, profitability and strong cash generation.
Thisthat our business model iswith the foundation of our capital management strategy, which is based on our belief that free cash flow growth, especially on a per-share basis, is important for maximizing shareholder value over the long term. We also believe that free cash flow will be valued only if it is productively invested in the business or returned to shareholders.
The combined effect of our ambitions, business model and sustainablefour competitive advantages issets TI apart from our peers and will for a long time to come. We will invest to strengthen our competitive advantages, be disciplined in capital allocation and stay diligent in our pursuit of efficiencies. Finally, we will remain focused on the belief that we have continued to build a stronger company. Over time, we have gained market share in Analog and Embedded Processing and grown and returned alllong-term growth of free cash flow per share is the ultimate measure to our owners.generate value.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document. In the following discussion of our results of operations:
•Our segments represent groups of similar products that are combined on the basis of similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels, and how management allocates resources and measures results. During 2020, we reorganized the product lines within our Analog segment to simplify our business structure into our Power and Signal Chain product lines. These changes had no impact on our previously reported consolidated financial statements or on our reportable segment results. See Note 1 to the financial statements for more information regarding our segments.
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•When we discuss our results:
◦Unless otherwise noted, changes in our revenue are attributable to changes in customer demand, which are evidenced by fluctuations in shipment volumes.
◦New products do not tend to have a significant impact on our revenue in any given period because we sell such a large number of products.
◦From time to time, our revenue and gross profit are affected by changes in demand for higher-priced or lower-priced products, which we refer to as changes in the “mix” of products shipped.
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◦Because we own much of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating cost is fixed. When factory loadings decrease, our fixed costs are spread over reduced output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins decrease. Conversely, as factory loadings increase, our fixed costs are spread over increased output and, absent other circumstances, our profit margins increase. Increases and decreases in factory loadings tend to correspond to increases and decreases in demand.
•For an explanation of free cash flow and the term “annual operating tax rate,” see the Non-GAAP financial information section.
•All dollar amounts in the tables are stated in millions of U.S. dollars.
Our results of operations discussed below provides details of our financial results for 2020 and 2019 and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Discussion of 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018. Discussion of 2017 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2018 and 2017 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2019.
Impact of COVID-19
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its follow-on effects are impacting and will likely continue to impact business activity across industries worldwide, including TI. Therefore, we remain cautious about how the economy might behave for the next few years.
The impact to our lead times and ability to fulfill orders was minimal in 2020. However, depending on pandemic-related factors like the potential of local manufacturing restrictions on our factories, we could experience constraints in fulfilling customer orders in future periods. The coronavirus pandemic remains dynamic with uncertainty around its duration and broader impact. We continue to monitor and assess the situation and address implications to our business, supply chain and customer demand.
We have long had a business continuity plan in place for unforeseeable situations, like we have seen with COVID-19. Additionally, over the past several years, we have invested in building inventory and expanding our global internally owned manufacturing footprint. Investing in these capabilities has given us flexibility, such as the ability to build products across multiple manufacturing sites. These investments have helped to minimize disruptions, but may not be sufficient to eliminate them.
Results of operations
In 2019, we continued ourOur strategic focus is on analog and embedded processing products sold into six end markets: industrial, automotive, personal electronics, communications equipment, enterprise systems and other. While all end markets represent good opportunities, we place additional strategic emphasis on designing and selling those products into the industrial and automotive markets. Together, these products and markets, which we believe represent highly diverse opportunities with thousands of applications and long-termthe best growth potential.opportunities. Gross margin of 63.7%64.1% reflected the quality of our product portfolio, as well as the efficiency of our manufacturing strategy, including the benefit of 300-millimeter Analog production.
Our focus on Analoganalog and Embedded Processingembedded processing allows us to generate strong cash flow from operations. Our cash flow from operations of $6.65$6.14 billion underscored the strength of our business model. Free cash flow was $5.80$5.49 billion and represented 40.3%38.0% of revenue, up from 38.4% a year ago.revenue. During 2019,2020, consistent with our commitment to return free cash flow to owners, we returned $5.97$5.98 billion to shareholders through a combination of dividends and stock repurchases and dividends.repurchases. Our strategy is to return all free cash flow to shareholders. Our dividendsdividend represented 52%62% of free cash flow, underscoring theirits sustainability. For an explanation of free cash flow, see the Non-GAAP financial information section.
Details of financial results – 20192020 compared with 20182019
Revenue of $14.38$14.46 billion decreased $1.40 billion,increased $78 million, or 9%1%, primarily due to higher revenue from Analog, partially offset by lower revenue from Embedded Processing and Analog.Processing.
Gross profit of $9.16$9.27 billion was down $1.11 billion,up $105 million, or 11%1%, primarily due to lower revenue.higher revenue and increased factory loadings. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit decreasedincreased to 63.7%64.1% from 65.1%63.7%.
Operating expenses (R&D and SG&A) were $3.19$3.15 billion compared with $3.24$3.19 billion.
Acquisition charges ofwere $198 million compared with $288 million and were non-cash. See Note 7 to the financial statements.
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Restructuring charges/other was a charge of $24 million due to an Embedded Processing action, compared with a credit of $36 million due to the sale of our manufacturing facility in Greenock, Scotland.Scotland in 2019.
Operating profit was $5.72$5.89 billion, or 39.8%40.8% of revenue, compared with $6.71$5.72 billion, or 42.5%39.8% of revenue.
Other income and expense (OI&E) was $175$313 million of income compared with $98$175 million of income, which increased primarily due to higher royalty income. See Note 12 to the financial statements.
Interest and debt expense of $170$190 million increased $45$20 million due to the issuance of additional long-term debt.
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Our provision for income taxes was $711$422 million compared with $1.11 billion.$711 million. The decrease was due to lowerhigher discrete tax benefits, which included a $249 million benefit from the settlement of a depreciation-related uncertain tax position and, to a lesser extent, higher U.S. tax benefits, partially offset by higher income before income taxes and a lower annual operating tax rate. taxes.
Our annual operating tax rate, which does not include discrete tax items, was 16%14% compared with 20%16% in 2018.2019. We use “annual operating tax rate” to describe the estimated annual effective tax rate, as explained further in the Non-GAAP financial information section.
rate. Our effective tax rate, which includes discrete tax items, was 7% in 2020 compared with 12% in 2019 compared with 17% in 2018.2019. See Note 4 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the U.S. statutory incomecorporate tax rate to our effective tax rate.
Net income was $5.02$5.60 billion compared with $5.58$5.02 billion. EPS was $5.24$5.97 compared with $5.59.$5.24.
Segment results – 20192020 compared with 20182019
Analog (includes Power and Signal Chain and High Volume product lines)
20192018Change20202019Change
RevenueRevenue$10,223  $10,801  (5)%Revenue$10,886 $10,223 6 %
Operating profitOperating profit4,477  5,109  (12)%Operating profit4,912 4,477 10 %
Operating profit % of revenueOperating profit % of revenue43.8 %47.3 %Operating profit % of revenue45.1 %43.8 %
Analog revenue decreasedincreased in both product lines about evenly. Operating profit increased due to Power, High Volume and, to a lesser extent, Signal Chain. Operating profit decreased primarily due to lowerhigher revenue and associated gross profit.
Embedded Processing (includes Connected Microcontrollersmicrocontrollers and Processors product lines)processors)
20192018Change20202019Change
RevenueRevenue$2,943  $3,554  (17)%Revenue$2,570 $2,943 (13)%
Operating profitOperating profit907  1,205  (25)%Operating profit743 907 (18)%
Operating profit % of revenueOperating profit % of revenue30.8 %33.9 %Operating profit % of revenue28.9 %30.8 %
Embedded Processing revenue decreased in both product lines, led by Processors.decreased. Operating profit decreased due to lower revenue and associated gross profit.
Other (includes DLP® products, calculators and custom ASIC products)
20192018Change20202019Change
RevenueRevenue$1,217  $1,429  (15)%Revenue$1,005 $1,217 (17)%
Operating profit *Operating profit *339  399  (15)%Operating profit *239 339 (29)%
Operating profit % of revenueOperating profit % of revenue27.9 %27.9 %Operating profit % of revenue23.8 %27.9 %
* Includes acquisition charges and restructuring charges/other
Other revenue decreased $212 million, and operating profit decreased $60$100 million.
Financial condition
At the end of 2019,2020, total cash (cash and cash equivalents plus short-term investments) was $5.39$6.57 billion, an increase of $1.15$1.18 billion from the end of 2018.2019.
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Accounts receivable were $1.07$1.41 billion, a decreasean increase of $133$340 million compared with the end of 2018.2019. Days sales outstanding at the end of 2020 were 31 compared with 29 at the end of both 2019 and 2018.2019.
Inventory was $2.00$1.96 billion, a decrease of $216$46 million from the end of 2018.2019. Days of inventory at the end of 20192020 were 144123 compared with 152144 at the end of 2018.2019.
Liquidity and capital resources
Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations. Additional sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and a variable rate, revolving credit facility. Cash flows from operating activities for 20192020 were $6.65$6.14 billion, a decrease of $540$510 million primarily due to loweran increase in cash used for working capital, partially offset by higher net income.
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Our revolving credit facility is with a consortium of investment-grade banks and allows us to borrow up to $2 billion until March 2024. This credit facility also serves as support for the issuance of commercial paper. As of December 31, 2019,2020, our credit facility was undrawn, and we had no commercial paper outstanding.
Investing activities for 20192020 used $922 million compared with $1.92 billion compared with $78 million in 2018.2019. Capital expenditures were $847$649 million compared with $1.13 billion$847 million in 20182019 and were primarily for semiconductor manufacturing equipment and facilities in both periods. Short-term investments used cash of $241 million in 2020 compared with $1.14 billion in 2019 and provided cash proceeds of $1.07 billion in 2018.2019.
Financing activities for 20192020 used $4.73$4.55 billion compared with $6.33$4.73 billion in 2018.2019. In 2020, we received net proceeds of $1.50 billion from the issuance of fixed-rate, long-term debt and retired maturing debt of $500 million. In 2019, we received net proceeds of $1.49 billion from the issuance of fixed-rate, long-term debt and retired maturing debt of $750 million. In 2018, we received net proceeds of $1.50 billion from the issuance of fixed-rate, long-term debt and retired maturing debt of $500 million. Dividends paid in 20192020 were $3.01$3.43 billion compared with $2.56$3.01 billion in 2018,2019, reflecting an increase in the dividend rate, partially offset by fewer shares outstanding. We used $2.96$2.55 billion to repurchase 27.423.4 million shares of our common stock compared with $5.10$2.96 billion used in 20182019 to repurchase 49.527.4 million shares. Employee exercises of stock options provided cash proceeds of $539$470 million compared with $373$539 million in 2018.2019.
We had $2.44$3.11 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $2.95$3.46 billion of short-term investments as of December 31, 2019.2020. We believe we have the necessary financial resources and operating plans to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, dividend and debt-related payments and other business requirements for at least the next 12 months.
Non-GAAP financial information
This MD&A includes references to free cash flow and ratios based on that measure. These are financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP). Free cash flow was calculated by subtracting capital expenditures from the most directly comparable GAAP measure, cash flows from operating activities (also referred to as cash flow from operations).
We believe that free cash flow and the associated ratios provide insight into our liquidity, our cash-generating capability and the amount of cash potentially available to return to shareholders, as well as insight into our financial performance. These non-GAAP measures are supplemental to the comparable GAAP measures.
Reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is provided in the table below.
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
2019201820202019
Cash flow from operations (GAAP)Cash flow from operations (GAAP)$6,649  $7,189  Cash flow from operations (GAAP)$6,139 $6,649 
Capital expendituresCapital expenditures(847) (1,131) Capital expenditures(649)(847)
Free cash flow (non-GAAP)Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$5,802  $6,058  Free cash flow (non-GAAP)$5,490 $5,802 
RevenueRevenue$14,383  $15,784  Revenue$14,461 $14,383 
Cash flow from operations as a percentage of revenue (GAAP)Cash flow from operations as a percentage of revenue (GAAP)46.2 %45.5 %Cash flow from operations as a percentage of revenue (GAAP)42.5 %46.2 %
Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue (non-GAAP)Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue (non-GAAP)40.3 %38.4 %Free cash flow as a percentage of revenue (non-GAAP)38.0 %40.3 %
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This MD&A also includes references to an annual operating tax rate, a non-GAAP term we use to describe the estimated annual effective tax rate, a GAAP measure that by definition does not include discrete tax items. We believe the term annual operating tax rate helps differentiate from the effective tax rate, which includes discrete tax items.
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Long-term contractual obligations
Payments Due by PeriodPayments Due by Period
Contractual ObligationsContractual Obligations20202021/20222023/2024ThereafterTotalContractual Obligations20212022/20232024/2025ThereafterTotal
Long-term debt (a)Long-term debt (a)$669  $1,349  $1,060  $5,488  $8,566  Long-term debt (a)$726 $1,326 $1,337 $6,172 $9,561 
Purchase commitments (b)Purchase commitments (b)452  407  97  109  1,065  Purchase commitments (b)400 196 55 96 747 
Transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings (c)Transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings (c)—  100  237  169  506  Transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings (c)44 155 302 — 501 
Operating leases (d)Operating leases (d)75  114  66  131  386  Operating leases (d)76 98 59 138 371 
Deferred compensation plans (e)Deferred compensation plans (e)23  63  54  135  275  Deferred compensation plans (e)25 68 66 154 313 
Total (f)Total (f)$1,219  $2,033  $1,514  $6,032  $10,798  Total (f)$1,271 $1,843 $1,819 $6,560 $11,493 
(a)Principal and related interest payments for our long-term debt obligations, including amounts classified as the current portion of long-term debt.
(b)Includes payments for software licenses and contractual arrangements with suppliers when there is a fixed, non-cancellable payment schedule or when minimum payments are due with a reduced delivery schedule. Excludes cancellable arrangements. See Note 11 to the financial statements.
(c)Includes payments for the one-time transition tax on our indefinitely reinvested earnings related to the 2017 enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. See Note 4 to the financial statements.
(d)Includes minimum payments for leased facilities and equipment and purchases of industrial gases under contracts accounted for as operating leases. See Note 10 to the financial statements.
(e)Estimated payments for certain liabilities that existed as of December 31, 2019.2020.
(f)Excludes $303$89 million of uncertain tax liabilities under ASC 740, as well as any planned future funding contributions to retirement benefit plans. Amounts associated with uncertain tax liabilities have been excluded because of the difficulty in making reasonably reliable estimates of the timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. Regarding future funding of retirement benefit plans, we plan to contribute about $20$10 million in 2020,2021, but funding projections beyond 20202021 are not practical to estimate due to the rules affecting tax-deductible contributions and the impact from the plans’ asset performance, interest rates and potential U.S. and non-U.S. legislation.
Critical accounting policies
Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in Note 2, the preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. However, based on facts and circumstances inherent in developing estimates and assumptions, management believes it is unlikely that applying other estimates and assumptions would have a material impact on the financial statements. We consider the following accounting policies to be those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and that require a higher degree of judgment.
Revenue recognition
Based on management’s assessment of the revenue recognition criteria, we generally recognize revenue from sales of our products to distributors upon shipment or delivery to the distributors. For our consignment arrangements with distributors, delivery occurs and revenue is recognized when the distributor pulls product from consignment inventory that we store at designated locations. Recognition is not contingent upon resale of the products to the distributors’ customers in either scenario.
Revenue is recognized net of allowances, which are management’s estimates of future credits to be granted to distributors under programs common in the semiconductor industry. These allowances are not material and generally include special pricing arrangements, product returns due to quality issues, and incentives designed to maximize growth opportunities.
Allowances are based on analysis of historical data and contractual terms and are recorded when revenue is recognized. We believe we can reasonably and reliably estimate allowances for credits to distributors in a timely manner.
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Income taxes
In determining net income for financial statement purposes, we must make certain estimates and judgments in the calculation of tax provisions and the resultant tax liabilities and in the recoverability of deferred tax assets that arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense.
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In the ordinary course of global business, there may be many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the interpretation and application of complex tax laws, and significant judgment is necessary to (i) determine whether, based on the technical merits, a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and (ii) measure the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on an estimate of the ultimate resolution of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. Although we believe the estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be different from what is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals.
As part of our financial process, we must assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets can be recovered. If recovery is not likely, the provision for taxes must be increased by recording a reserve in the form of a valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets that are estimated not to be ultimately recoverable. Our judgment regarding future recoverability of our deferred tax assets may change due to various factors, including changes in U.S. or international tax laws and changes in market conditions and their impact on our assessment of taxable income in future periods. These changes, if any, may require adjustments to the deferred tax assets and an accompanying reduction or increase in net income in the period when such determinations are made.
Inventory valuation allowances
Inventory is valued net of allowances for unsalable or obsolete raw materials, work-in-processwork in process and finished goods. Statistical allowances are determined quarterly for raw materials and work-in-processwork in process based on historical disposals of inventory for salability and obsolescence reasons. For finished goods, quarterly statistical allowances are determined by comparing inventory levels of individual parts to historical shipments, current backlog and estimated future sales in order to identify inventory considered unlikely to be sold. A specific allowance for each material type will be carried if there is a significant event not captured by the statistical allowance, such as an end-of-life part or demand with imminent risk of cancellation. Allowances are also calculated quarterly for instances where inventoried costs for individual products are in excess of the net realizable value for those products. Actual future write-offs of inventory for salability and obsolescence reasons may differ from estimates and calculations used to determine valuation allowances due to changes in customer demand, customer negotiations, technology shifts and other factors.
Changes in accounting standards
See Note 2 to the financial statements for information regarding the status of new accounting and reporting standards.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
As of December 31, 2019,2020, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
Commitments and contingencies
See Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of our commitments and contingencies.
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ITEM 7A. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk
Foreign exchange risk
The U.S. dollar is our functional currency for financial reporting. Our non-U.S. entities own assets or liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars or other currencies. Exchange rate fluctuations impact taxable income in those jurisdictions and consequently impact our effective tax rate.
Our balance sheet also reflects amounts remeasured from non-U.S. dollar currencies. Because most of the aggregate non-U.S. dollar balance sheet exposure is hedged by forward currency exchange contracts, which are based on year-end 20192020 balances and currency exchange rates, a hypothetical 10% plus or minus fluctuation in non-U.S. currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar would result in a pretax currency exchange gain or loss of less than $1approximately $3 million.
We use these forward currency exchange contracts to reduce the earnings impact that exchange rate fluctuations may have on our non-U.S. dollar net balance sheet exposures. As of December 31, 2019,2020, we had forward currency exchange contracts outstanding with a notional value of $458$416 million to hedge net balance sheet exposures (including $136$147 million to sell Japanese yen, $106$85 million to sell Indian rupeeseuros and $74$82 million to sell British pounds). Similar hedging activities existed at year-end 2018.2019.
Interest rate risk
We have the following potential exposure to changes in interest rates: (i) the effect of changes in interest rates on the fair value of our investments in cash equivalents and short-term investments, which could produce a gain or a loss; and (ii) the effect of changes in interest rates on the fair value of our debt.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would decrease the fair value of our investments in cash equivalents and short-term investments by about $8$9 million and decrease the fair value of our long-term debt by $532$650 million. Because interest rates on our long-term debt are fixed, changes in interest rates would not affect the cash flows associated with long-term debt.
Equity risk
Long-term investments at year-end 20192020 include the following:
•Investments in mutual funds – includes mutual funds that were selected to generate returns that offset changes in certain liabilities related to deferred compensation arrangements. The mutual funds hold a variety of debt and equity investments.
•Investments in venture capital funds – includes investments in limited partnerships (accounted for under either the equity method or at cost as non-marketable equity securities).
•Equity investments – includes non-marketable (non-publicly traded) equity securities.
Investments in mutual funds are stated at fair value. Changes in prices of the mutual fund investments are expected to offset related changes in certain deferred compensation liabilities such that a 10% increase or decrease in the investments’ fair values would not materially affect operating results.liabilities. Non-marketable equity securities and certain venture capital funds are stated at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes. Investments in the remaining venture capital funds are stated using the equity method. See Note 6 to the financial statements for details of equity and other long-term investments.
We also utilize total return swaps to economically hedge exposure to changes in liabilities related to the equity market risks of certain deferred compensation arrangements with employees. Gains or losses from changes in the fair value of these total return swaps generally offset the related losses or gains on the deferred compensation liabilities.
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ITEM 8. Financial statements and supplementary data
List of financial statementsstatements:
•Income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192020
•Comprehensive income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192020
•Balance sheets as of December 31, 20192020 and 20182019
•Cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192020
•Stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192020
Schedules have been omitted because the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

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Consolidated Statements of IncomeFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)201920182017
Revenue$14,383  $15,784  $14,961  
Cost of revenue (COR)5,219  5,507  5,347  
Gross profit9,164  10,277  9,614  
Research and development (R&D)1,544  1,559  1,508  
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)1,645  1,684  1,694  
Acquisition charges288  318  318  
Restructuring charges/other(36) 3  11  
Operating profit5,723  6,713  6,083  
Other income (expense), net (OI&E)175  98  75  
Interest and debt expense170  125  78  
Income before income taxes5,728  6,686  6,080  
Provision for income taxes711  1,106  2,398  
Net income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  
Earnings per common share (EPS):
Basic$5.33  $5.71  $3.68  
Diluted$5.24  $5.59  $3.61  
Average shares outstanding (millions):
Basic936  970  991  
Diluted952  990  1,012  
A portion of net income is allocated to unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents. Diluted EPS is calculated using the following:
Net income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  
Income allocated to RSUs(31) (42) (33) 
Income allocated to common stock for diluted EPS$4,986  $5,538  $3,649  

Consolidated Statements of IncomeFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)202020192018
Revenue$14,461 $14,383 $15,784 
Cost of revenue (COR)5,192 5,219 5,507 
Gross profit9,269 9,164 10,277 
Research and development (R&D)1,530 1,544 1,559 
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)1,623 1,645 1,684 
Acquisition charges198 288 318 
Restructuring charges/other24 (36)3 
Operating profit5,894 5,723 6,713 
Other income (expense), net (OI&E)313 175 98 
Interest and debt expense190 170 125 
Income before income taxes6,017 5,728 6,686 
Provision for income taxes422 711 1,106 
Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Earnings per common share (EPS):
Basic$6.05 $5.33 $5.71 
Diluted$5.97 $5.24 $5.59 
Average shares outstanding (millions):
Basic921 936 970 
Diluted933 952 990 
A portion of net income is allocated to unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents. Diluted EPS is calculated using the following:
Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Income allocated to RSUs(27)(31)(42)
Income allocated to common stock for diluted EPS$5,568 $4,986 $5,538 
See accompanying notes.

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive IncomeFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars)201920182017
Net income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net actuarial losses of defined benefit plans:
Adjustments, net of tax effect of ($37), $35 and ($26)88  (98) 92  
Recognized within net income, net of tax effect of ($13), ($15) and ($27)38  50  56  
Prior service credit of defined benefit plans:
Adjustments, net of tax effect of $0, $1 and $1—  (6) (2) 
Recognized within net income, net of tax effect of $0, $1 and $1—  (3) (5) 
Derivative instruments:
Change in fair value, net of tax effect of $0, $1 and $0—  (2) —  
Recognized within net income, net of tax effect of $0, $0 and $0—  —  1  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes126  (59) 142  
Total comprehensive income$5,143  $5,521  $3,824  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive IncomeFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars)202020192018
Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net actuarial losses of defined benefit plans:
Adjustments, net of tax effect of $3, ($37) and $35(41)88 (98)
Recognized within net income, net of tax effect of ($9), ($13) and ($15)29 38 50 
Prior service credit of defined benefit plans:
Adjustments, net of tax effect of $0, $0 and $10 0 (6)
Recognized within net income, net of tax effect of $0, $0 and $1(1)0 (3)
Derivative instruments:
Change in fair value, net of tax effect of $0, $0 and $10 0 (2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes(13)126 (59)
Total comprehensive income$5,582 $5,143 $5,521 
See accompanying notes.

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Consolidated Balance SheetsDecember 31,
(Millions of dollars, except share amounts)20192018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$2,437  $2,438  
Short-term investments2,950  1,795  
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of ($8) and ($19)1,074  1,207  
Raw materials176  181  
Work in process916  1,070  
Finished goods909  966  
Inventories2,001  2,217  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets299  440  
Total current assets8,761  8,097  
Property, plant and equipment at cost5,740  5,425  
Accumulated depreciation(2,437) (2,242) 
Property, plant and equipment3,303  3,183  
Long-term investments300  251  
Goodwill4,362  4,362  
Acquisition-related intangibles340  628  
Deferred tax assets197  295  
Capitalized software licenses69  89  
Overfunded retirement plans218  92  
Other long-term assets468  140  
Total assets$18,018  $17,137  
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt$500  $749  
Accounts payable388  478  
Accrued compensation714  724  
Income taxes payable46  103  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities475  420  
Total current liabilities2,123  2,474  
Long-term debt5,303  4,319  
Underfunded retirement plans93  118  
Deferred tax liabilities78  42  
Other long-term liabilities1,514  1,190  
Total liabilities9,111  8,143  
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $25 par value. Authorized – 10,000,000 shares
Participating cumulative preferred – NaN issued—  —  
Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized – 2,400,000,000 shares
Shares issued – 1,740,815,9391,741  1,741  
Paid-in capital2,110  1,950  
Retained earnings39,898  37,906  
Treasury common stock at cost
Shares: 2019 – 808,784,381; 2018 – 795,665,646(34,495) (32,130) 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (AOCI)(347) (473) 
Total stockholders’ equity8,907  8,994  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$18,018  $17,137  

Consolidated Balance SheetsDecember 31,
(Millions of dollars, except share amounts)20202019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$3,107 $2,437 
Short-term investments3,461 2,950 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of ($11) and ($8)1,414 1,074 
Raw materials180 176 
Work in process964 916 
Finished goods811 909 
Inventories1,955 2,001 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets302 299 
Total current assets10,239 8,761 
Property, plant and equipment at cost5,781 5,740 
Accumulated depreciation(2,512)(2,437)
Property, plant and equipment3,269 3,303 
Long-term investments49 300 
Goodwill4,362 4,362 
Acquisition-related intangibles152 340 
Deferred tax assets343 197 
Capitalized software licenses122 69 
Overfunded retirement plans246 218 
Other long-term assets569 468 
Total assets$19,351 $18,018 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt$550 $500 
Accounts payable415 388 
Accrued compensation767 714 
Income taxes payable134 46 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities524 475 
Total current liabilities2,390 2,123 
Long-term debt6,248 5,303 
Underfunded retirement plans131 93 
Deferred tax liabilities90 78 
Other long-term liabilities1,305 1,514 
Total liabilities10,164 9,111 
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $25 par value. Authorized – 10,000,000 shares
Participating cumulative preferred – NaN issued0 0 
Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized – 2,400,000,000 shares
Shares issued – 1,740,815,9391,741 1,741 
Paid-in capital2,333 2,110 
Retained earnings42,051 39,898 
Treasury common stock at cost
Shares: 2020 – 821,461,787; 2019 – 808,784,381(36,578)(34,495)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (AOCI)(360)(347)
Total stockholders’ equity9,187 8,907 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$19,351 $18,018 
See accompanying notes.

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Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars)201920182017
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  
Adjustments to net income:
Depreciation708  590  539  
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles288  318  318  
Amortization of capitalized software54  46  47  
Stock compensation217  232  242  
Gains on sales of assets(23) (3) —  
Deferred taxes81  (105) 112  
Increase (decrease) from changes in:
Accounts receivable133  71  (7) 
Inventories216  (282) (167) 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets265  669  76  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(93) (7) 51  
Accrued compensation(15) (7) (3) 
Income taxes payable(193) 158  468  
Changes in funded status of retirement plans29  36  21  
Other(35) (107) (16) 
Cash flows from operating activities6,649  7,189  5,363  
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures(847) (1,131) (695) 
Proceeds from asset sales30  9  40  
Purchases of short-term investments(3,444) (5,641) (4,555) 
Proceeds from short-term investments2,309  6,708  4,095  
Other32  (23) (12) 
Cash flows from investing activities(1,920) (78) (1,127) 
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt1,491  1,500  1,099  
Repayment of debt(750) (500) (625) 
Dividends paid(3,008) (2,555) (2,104) 
Stock repurchases(2,960) (5,100) (2,556) 
Proceeds from common stock transactions539  373  483  
Other(42) (47) (31) 
Cash flows from financing activities(4,730) (6,329) (3,734) 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(1) 782  502  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period2,438  1,656  1,154  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$2,437  $2,438  $1,656  

Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFor Years Ended December 31,
(Millions of dollars)202020192018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Adjustments to net income:
Depreciation733 708 590 
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles198 288 318 
Amortization of capitalized software61 54 46 
Stock compensation224 217 232 
Gains on sales of assets(4)(23)(3)
Deferred taxes(137)81 (105)
Increase (decrease) from changes in:
Accounts receivable(340)133 71 
Inventories46 216 (282)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(79)265 669 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses63 (93)(7)
Accrued compensation63 (15)(7)
Income taxes payable(181)(193)158 
Changes in funded status of retirement plans(9)29 36 
Other(94)(35)(107)
Cash flows from operating activities6,139 6,649 7,189 
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures(649)(847)(1,131)
Proceeds from asset sales4 30 9 
Purchases of short-term investments(5,786)(3,444)(5,641)
Proceeds from short-term investments5,545 2,309 6,708 
Other(36)32 (23)
Cash flows from investing activities(922)(1,920)(78)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt1,498 1,491 1,500 
Repayment of debt(500)(750)(500)
Dividends paid(3,426)(3,008)(2,555)
Stock repurchases(2,553)(2,960)(5,100)
Proceeds from common stock transactions470 539 373 
Other(36)(42)(47)
Cash flows from financing activities(4,547)(4,730)(6,329)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents670 (1)782 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period2,437 2,438 1,656 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$3,107 $2,437 $2,438 
See accompanying notes.

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ EquityCommon
Stock		Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Treasury
Common
Stock		AOCI
(Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts)
Balance, December 31, 2016$1,741  $1,674  $33,107  $(25,523) $(526) 
2017
Net income—  —  3,682  —  —  
Dividends declared and paid ($2.12 per share)—  —  (2,104) —  —  
Common stock issued for stock-based awards—  (138) —  621  —  
Stock repurchases—  —  —  (2,556) —  
Stock compensation—  242  —  —  —  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes—  —  —  —  142  
Dividend equivalents on RSUs—  —  (17) —  —  
Other—  (2) (6) —  —  
Balance, December 31, 20171,741  1,776  34,662  (27,458) (384) 
2018
Net income—  —  5,580  —  —  
Dividends declared and paid ($2.63 per share)—  —  (2,555) —  —  
Common stock issued for stock-based awards—  (55) —  428  —  
Stock repurchases—  —  —  (5,100) —  
Stock compensation—  232  —  —  —  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes—  —  —  —  (59) 
Dividend equivalents on RSUs—  —  (17) —  —  
Cumulative effect of accounting changes—  —  236  —  (30) 
Other—  (3) —  —  —  
Balance, December 31, 20181,741  1,950  37,906  (32,130) (473) 
2019
Net income—  —  5,017  —  —  
Dividends declared and paid ($3.21 per share)—  —  (3,008) —  —  
Common stock issued for stock-based awards—  (55) —  594  —  
Stock repurchases—  —  —  (2,960) —  
Stock compensation—  217  —  —  —  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes—  —  —  —  126  
Dividend equivalents on RSUs—  —  (17) —  —  
Other—  (2) —  1  —  
Balance, December 31, 2019$1,741  $2,110  $39,898  $(34,495) $(347) 

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ EquityCommon
Stock		Paid-in
Capital		Retained
Earnings		Treasury
Common
Stock		AOCI
(Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts)
Balance, December 31, 2017$1,741 $1,776 $34,662 $(27,458)$(384)
2018
Net income— — 5,580 — — 
Dividends declared and paid ($2.63 per share)— — (2,555)— — 
Common stock issued for stock-based awards— (55)— 428 — 
Stock repurchases— — — (5,100)— 
Stock compensation— 232 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes— — — — (59)
Dividend equivalents on RSUs— — (17)— — 
Cumulative effect of accounting changes— — 236 — (30)
Other— (3)— — — 
Balance, December 31, 20181,741 1,950 37,906 (32,130)(473)
2019
Net income— — 5,017 — — 
Dividends declared and paid ($3.21 per share)— — (3,008)— — 
Common stock issued for stock-based awards— (55)— 594 — 
Stock repurchases— — — (2,960)— 
Stock compensation— 217 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes— — — — 126 
Dividend equivalents on RSUs— — (17)— — 
Other— (2)— 1 — 
Balance, December 31, 20191,741 2,110 39,898 (34,495)(347)
2020
Net income— — 5,595 — — 
Dividends declared and paid ($3.72 per share)— — (3,426)— — 
Common stock issued for stock-based awards— — — 470 — 
Stock repurchases— — — (2,553)— 
Stock compensation— 224 — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes— — — — (13)
Dividend equivalents on RSUs— — (16)— — 
Other— (1)— — — 
Balance, December 31, 2020$1,741 $2,333 $42,051 $(36,578)$(360)
See accompanying notes.
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Notes to financial statements
1. Description of business, including segment and geographic area information
We design, make and sell semiconductors to electronics designers and manufacturers all over the world. We have 2 reportable segments, Analog and Embedded Processing, each of which represents groups of similar products that are established along major categoriescombined on the basis of products as follows:similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels.
•Analog – consisting semiconductors change real-world signals, such as sound, temperature, pressure or images, by conditioning them, amplifying them and often converting them to a stream of digital data that can be processed by other semiconductors, such as embedded processors. Analog semiconductors are also used to manage power in all electronic equipment by converting, distributing, storing, discharging, isolating and measuring electrical energy, whether the followingequipment is plugged into a wall or using a battery. Our Analog segment consists of two major product lines: Power and Signal Chain and High Volume.Chain.
•Embedded Processing – consisting products are the digital “brains” of many types of electronic equipment. They are designed to handle specific tasks and can be optimized for various combinations of performance, power and cost, depending on the followingapplication.
During 2020, we reorganized the product lines: Connected Microcontrollerslines within our Analog segment to simplify our business structure into our Power and Processors.Signal Chain product lines. These changes had no effect on either our previously reported consolidated financial statements or our reportable segment results.
We report the results of our remaining business activities in Other. Other includes operating segments that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for individually reportable segments and cannot be aggregated with other operating segments. Other includes DLP® products, calculators and custom ASIC products.
In Other, we also include items that are not used in evaluating the results of or in allocating resources to our segments. Examples of these items include acquisition charges (see Note 7); restructuring charges (see Note 12); and certain corporate-level items, such as litigation expenses, environmental costs, insurance settlements, and gains and losses from other activities, including asset dispositions. We allocate the remainder of our expenses associated with corporate activities to our operating segments based on specific methodologies, such as percentage of operating expenses or headcount.
Our centralized manufacturing and support organizations, such as facilities, procurement and logistics, provide support to our operating segments, including those in Other. Costs incurred by these organizations, including depreciation, are charged to the segments on a per-unit basis. Consequently, depreciation expense is not an independently identifiable component within the segments’ results and, therefore, is not provided.
With the exception of goodwill, we do not identify or allocate assets by operating segment, nor does the chief operating decision maker evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. We have no material intersegment revenue. The accounting policies of the segments are consistent with those described below in the summary of significant accounting policies and practices.
Segment information
For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017
Revenue:
Analog$10,223  $10,801  $9,900  
Embedded Processing2,943  3,554  3,498  
Other1,217  1,429  1,563  
Total revenue$14,383  $15,784  $14,961  
Operating profit:
Analog$4,477  $5,109  $4,468  
Embedded Processing907  1,205  1,143  
Other339  399  472  
Total operating profit$5,723  $6,713  $6,083  
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Segment information
For Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Revenue:
Analog$10,886 $10,223 $10,801 
Embedded Processing2,570 2,943 3,554 
Other1,005 1,217 1,429 
Total revenue$14,461 $14,383 $15,784 
Operating profit:
Analog$4,912 $4,477 $5,109 
Embedded Processing743 907 1,205 
Other239 339 399 
Total operating profit$5,894 $5,723 $6,713 
Geographic area information
The following geographic area information includes revenue, based on product shipment destination, and property, plant and equipment, based on physical location. The geographic revenue information does not necessarily reflect end demand by geography because our products tend to be shipped to the locations where our customers manufacture their products.
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Revenue:Revenue:Revenue:
United StatesUnited States$1,827  $2,288  $1,901  United States$1,547 $1,827 $2,288 
Asia (a)Asia (a)8,650  9,240  8,824  Asia (a)9,541 8,650 9,240 
Europe, Middle East and AfricaEurope, Middle East and Africa2,707  3,047  2,907  Europe, Middle East and Africa2,249 2,707 3,047 
JapanJapan796  869  1,049  Japan734 796 869 
Rest of worldRest of world403  340  280  Rest of world390 403 340 
Total revenueTotal revenue$14,383  $15,784  $14,961  Total revenue$14,461 $14,383 $15,784 
(a)Revenue from products shipped into China was $8.0 billion, $7.2 billion and $7.0 billion in 2020, 2019 and $6.6 billion in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, which includes shipments to customers that manufacture in China and then export end products to their customers around the world, as well as distributors that transship inventory through China to service other countries.
December 31,December 31,
2019201820202019
Property, plant and equipment:Property, plant and equipment:Property, plant and equipment:
United StatesUnited States$1,998  $1,812  United States$2,036 $1,998 
Asia (a)Asia (a)1,046  1,116  Asia (a)1,005 1,046 
Europe, Middle East and AfricaEurope, Middle East and Africa63  84  Europe, Middle East and Africa52 63 
JapanJapan185  157  Japan165 185 
Rest of worldRest of world11  14  Rest of world11 11 
Total property, plant and equipmentTotal property, plant and equipment$3,303  $3,183  Total property, plant and equipment$3,269 $3,303 
(a)Property, plant and equipment at our two2 sites in the Philippines was $394$333 million and $437$394 million as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively. Property, plant and equipment at our sites in China was $304$370 million and $313$304 million as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively.
30

2. Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies and practices
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). The basis of these financial statements is comparable for all periods presented herein, except for the effects of adopting a new accounting standard in 2019 related to leases.herein.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. All dollar amounts in the financial statements and tables in these notes, except per-share amounts, are stated in millions of U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. We have reclassified certain amounts in the prior periods’ financial statements to conform to the 20192020 presentation.
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of estimates from which final results may vary.
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Significant accounting policies and practices
Revenue recognition
We generate revenue primarily from the sale of semiconductor products, either directly to a customer or to a distributor, or at the conclusion of a consignment process.distributor. We have a variety of types of contracts with our customers and distributors. In determining whether a contract exists, we evaluate the terms of the arrangement, the relationship with the customer or distributor and their ability to pay.
We recognize revenue from sales of our products, including sales to our distributors, when control is transferred. Control is considered transferred when title and risk of loss pass, when the customer becomes obligated to pay and, where required, when the customer has accepted the products. This transfer generally occurs at a point in time upon shipment or delivery to the customer or distributor, depending upon the terms of the sales order. Payment for sales to customers and distributors is generally due on our standard commercial terms. For sales to distributors, payment is not contingent upon resale of the products.
Revenue from sales of our products that are subject to inventory consignment agreements is recognized at a point in time, when the customer or distributor pulls product from consignment inventory that we store at designated locations. Delivery and transfer of control occur at that point, when title and risk of loss transfers and the customer or distributor becomes obligated to pay for the products pulled from inventory. Until the products are pulled for use or sale by the customer or distributor, we retain control over the products’ disposition, including the right to pull back or relocate the products.
The revenue recognized is adjusted based on allowances, which are prepared on a portfolio basis using a most likely amount methodology based on analysis of historical data and contractual terms. These allowances, which are not material, generally include adjustments for pricing arrangements, product returns and incentives. The length of time between invoicing and payment is not significant under any of our payment terms. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component.
In addition, we record allowancesan allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable that we estimate may not be collected. We monitor collectability of accounts receivable primarily through review of accounts receivable aging. When collection is at risk, we assess the impact on amounts recorded for bad debtscredit losses and, if necessary, record a charge in the period such determination is made.
We recognize shipping fees, if any, received from customers in revenue. We include the related shipping and handling costs in cost of revenue. The majority of our customers pay these fees directly to third parties.
Advertising costs
We expense advertising and other promotional costs as incurred. This expense was $28 million, $30 million and $34 million in 2020, 2019 and $39 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Income taxes
We account for income taxes using an asset and liability approach. We record the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and the deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences ofrelated to events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. We record a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
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Other assessed taxes
Some transactions require us to collect taxes such as sales, value-added and excise taxes from our customers. These transactions are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Income on a net (excluded from revenue) basis.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are included in other long-term assets, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Lease assets represent our right to use underlying assets for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligations to make lease payments over the lease term. On the commencement date, leases are evaluated for classification, and assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement in determining the present value of lease payments. Operating lease expense is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our lease values include options to extend or not to terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options.
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We have agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Earnings per share (EPS)
We use the two-class method for calculating EPS because the restricted stock units (RSUs) we grant are participating securities containing non-forfeitable rights to receive dividend equivalents. Under the two-class method, a portion of net income is allocated to RSUs and excluded from the calculation of income allocated to common stock, as shown in the table below.stock.
Computation and reconciliation of earnings per common share are as follows (shares in millions):
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Net IncomeSharesEPSNet IncomeSharesEPSNet IncomeSharesEPSNet IncomeSharesEPSNet IncomeSharesEPSNet IncomeSharesEPS
Basic EPS:Basic EPS:Basic EPS:
Net incomeNet income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Income allocated to RSUsIncome allocated to RSUs(32) (43) (34) Income allocated to RSUs(27)(32)(43)
Income allocated to common stockIncome allocated to common stock$4,985  936  $5.33  $5,537  970  $5.71  $3,648  991  $3.68  Income allocated to common stock$5,568 921 $6.05 $4,985 936 $5.33 $5,537 970 $5.71 
Dilutive effect of stock compensation plansDilutive effect of stock compensation plans16  20  21  Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans12 16 20 
Diluted EPS:Diluted EPS:Diluted EPS:
Net incomeNet income$5,017  $5,580  $3,682  Net income$5,595 $5,017 $5,580 
Income allocated to RSUsIncome allocated to RSUs(31) (42) (33) Income allocated to RSUs(27)(31)(42)
Income allocated to common stockIncome allocated to common stock$4,986  952  $5.24  $5,538  990  $5.59  $3,649  1,012  $3.61  Income allocated to common stock$5,568 933 $5.97 $4,986 952 $5.24 $5,538 990 $5.59 
Potentially dilutive securities representing 4 million, 6 million 4 million and 64 million shares of common stock that were outstanding in 2020, 2019 2018 and 20172018 respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share during these periods because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
Investments
We present investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as cash equivalents, short-term investments or long-term investments, which are detailed below. See Note 6 for additional information.
•Cash equivalents and short-term investments – We consider investments in available-for-sale debt securities with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of our investment to be cash equivalents. We consider investments in available-for-sale debt securities with maturities beyond 90 days from the date of our investment as being available for use in current operations and include them in short-term investments. The primary objectives of our cash equivalent and short-term investment activities are to preserve capital and maintain liquidity while generating appropriate returns.
32

•Long-term investments – Long-term investments consist of mutual funds, venture capital funds and non-marketable equity securities.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Cost is generally computed on a currently adjusted standard cost basis, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out basis. Standard cost is based on the normal utilization of installed factory capacity. Cost associated with underutilization of capacity is expensed as incurred. Inventory held at consignment locations is included in our finished goods inventory.
We review inventory quarterly for salability and obsolescence. A statistical allowance is provided for inventory considered unlikely to be sold. The statistical allowance is based on an analysis of historical disposal activity, historical customer shipments, as well as estimated future sales. A specific allowance for each material type will be carried if there is a significant event not captured by the statistical allowance. We write off inventory in the period in which disposal occurs.
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Property, plant and equipment; acquisition-related intangibles; and other capitalized costs
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Our cost basis includes certain assets acquired in business combinations that were initially recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. We amortize acquisition-related intangibles on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life of the assets. Capitalized software licenses generally are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the license. Fully depreciated or amortized assets are written off against accumulated depreciation or amortization.
Impairments of long-lived assets
We regularly review whether facts or circumstances exist that indicate the carrying values of property, plant and equipment or other long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are impaired. We assess the recoverability of assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with those assets to their respective carrying amounts. Any impairment charge is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Fair value is determined by available market valuations, if applicable, or by discounted cash flows.
Goodwill
Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators arise. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 for our reporting units, which compares the fair value for each reporting unit to its associated carrying value, including goodwill. See Note 7 for additional information.
Foreign currency
The functional currency for our non-U.S. subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accounts recorded in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are remeasured into the functional currency. Current assets (except inventories), deferred taxes, other assets, current liabilities and long-term liabilities are remeasured at exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. Property, plant and equipment with associated depreciation and inventories are valued at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts other than depreciation for each month are remeasured at the appropriate daily rate of exchange. Currency exchange gains and losses from remeasurement are credited or charged to OI&E.
Derivatives and hedging
We use derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to foreign exchange risk. These instruments are primarily forward foreign currency exchange contracts, which are used as economic hedges to reduce the earnings impact that exchange rate fluctuations may have on our non-U.S. dollar net balance sheet exposures. Gains and losses from changes in the fair value of these forward foreign currency exchange contracts are credited or charged to OI&E. We do not apply hedge accounting to our foreign currency derivative instruments.
We are exposed to variability in compensation charges related to certain deferred compensation obligations to employees. We use total return swaps to economically hedge this exposure and offset the related compensation expense, recognizing changes in the value of the swaps and the related deferred compensation liabilities in SG&A.
In connection with the issuance of long-term debt, we may use financial derivatives such as treasury-rate lock agreements that are recognized in AOCI and amortized over the life of the related debt. The results of these derivative transactions have not been material.
We do not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes.
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Changes in accounting standards – adopted standards for current period
We adopted the following Accounting Standards UpdateUpdates (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
We adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842) effective January 1, 2019, usingduring the modified retrospective transition method applied to leases existing at,current period, none of which had a material impact on our financial position or entered into after, the adoption date. The reported results for 2019 reflect the application of the new accounting guidance, while the reported results for prior periods are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under ASC 840, Leases. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance that allowed us to apply prior conclusions related to lease definition, classification and initial direct costs.
The adoption of the new standard resulted in the recognition of $229 million of lease liabilities with corresponding lease assets as of January 1, 2019. The standard did not materially impact our results of operations and had no impact on cash flows.
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Other standards
The following standards were also adopted:operations.
ASUDescriptionAdopted Date
ASU No. 2017-122016-13Derivatives and HedgingFinancial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 815)326): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging ActivitiesMeasurement of Credit Losses on Financial InstrumentsJanuary 1, 2019
ASU No. 2018-14Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit PlansJanuary 1, 2019
Changes in accounting standards – standards not yet adopted
ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
This standard requires entities to use a current lifetime expected credit loss methodology to measure impairments of certain financial assets. Using this methodology will result in earlier recognition of losses than under the current incurred loss approach, which requires waiting to recognize a loss until it is probable of being incurred. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of the securities. We are adopting this standard effective January 1, 2020 applying the guidance on a modified retrospective basis. In preparation for adoption of the standard, we have updated certain policies and related processes, but this standard will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Other standards
We are evaluating the impact of the following standards, but we do not expect them to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We are adopting these standards as of their effective dates.
ASUDescriptionEffective Date
ASU No. 2018-13Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value MeasurementJanuary 1, 2020
ASU No. 2018-15Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service ContractJanuary 1, 2020

3. Stock compensation
We have stock options outstanding to participants under long-term incentive plans. The option price per share may not be less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of the grant. The options have a 10-year term, generally vest ratably over four years and continue to vest after the option recipient retires.
We also have RSUs outstanding to participants under long-term incentive plans. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of TI common stock, issued on the vesting date, which is generally four years after the date of grant. RSUs continue to vest after the recipient retires. Holders of RSUs receive an annual cash payment equivalent to the dividends paid on our common stock.
We have options and RSUs outstanding to non-employee directors under director compensation plans. The plans generally provide for annual grants of stock options and RSUs, a one-time grant of RSUs to each new non-employee director and the issuance of TI common stock upon the distribution of stock units credited to director deferred compensation accounts.
We also have an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) under which options are offered to all eligible employees in amounts based on a percentage of the employee’s compensation, subject to a cap. Under the plan, the option price per share is 85% of the fair market value on the exercise date.
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Total stock compensation expense recognized is as follows:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
CORCOR$21  $25  $36  COR$21 $21 $25 
R&DR&D66  69  59  R&D68 66 69 
SG&ASG&A130  138  147  SG&A135 130 138 
TotalTotal$217  $232  $242  Total$224 $217 $232 
These amounts include expenses related to non-qualified stock options, RSUs and stock options offered under our ESPP and are net of estimated forfeitures.
We recognize compensation expense for non-qualified stock options and RSUs on a straight-line basis over the minimum service period required for vesting of the award, adjusting for estimated forfeitures based on historical activity. Awards issued to employees who are retirement eligible or nearing retirement eligibility are expensed on an accelerated basis. Options issued under our ESPP are expensed over a three-month period.
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Fair-value methods and assumptions
We account for all awards granted under our various stock compensation plans at fair value. We estimate the fair values for non-qualified stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Weighted average grant date fair value, per shareWeighted average grant date fair value, per share$22.08  $23.20  $16.49  Weighted average grant date fair value, per share$25.55 $22.08 $23.20 
Weighted average assumptions used:Weighted average assumptions used:Weighted average assumptions used:
Expected volatilityExpected volatility26 %23 %24 %Expected volatility26 %26 %23 %
Expected lives (in years)Expected lives (in years)7.17.27.2Expected lives (in years)6.87.17.2
Risk-free interest ratesRisk-free interest rates2.66 %2.57 %2.36 %Risk-free interest rates1.53 %2.66 %2.57 %
Expected dividend yieldsExpected dividend yields2.95 %2.25 %2.52 %Expected dividend yields2.76 %2.95 %2.25 %
We determine expected volatility on all options granted using available implied volatility rates. We believe that market-based measures of implied volatility are currently the best available indicators of the expected volatility used in these estimates.
We determine expected lives of options based on the historical option exercise experience of our optionees using a rolling 10-year average. We believe the historical experience method is the best estimate of future exercise patterns currently available.
Risk-free interest rates are determined using the implied yield currently available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the options.
Expected dividend yields are based on the annualized approved quarterly dividend rate and the current market price of our common stock at the time of grant. No assumption for a future dividend rate change is included unless there is an approved plan to change the dividend in the near term.
The fair value per share of RSUs is determined based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant.
Our ESPP is a discount-purchase plan and consequently the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model is not used to determine the fair value per share of these awards. The fair value per share under this plan equals the amount of the discount.
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Long-term incentive and director compensation plans
Stock option and RSU transactions under our long-term incentive and director compensation plans are as follows:
Stock OptionsRSUsStock OptionsRSUs
SharesWeighted Average Exercise Price per ShareSharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per ShareSharesWeighted Average Exercise Price per ShareSharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding grants, December 31, 201839,905,454  $56.10  7,305,543  $66.72  
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2019Outstanding grants, December 31, 201932,493,944 $66.57 5,897,800 $79.62 
GrantedGranted4,559,093  104.51  1,142,974  106.58  Granted4,253,606 130.48 1,005,778 130.59 
Stock options exercised/RSUs vestedStock options exercised/RSUs vested(11,529,174) 44.68  (2,370,762) 52.74  Stock options exercised/RSUs vested(8,392,354)53.28 (2,034,933)53.88 
Forfeited and expiredForfeited and expired(441,429) 83.89  (179,955) 81.57  Forfeited and expired(359,919)111.06 (157,021)103.90 
Outstanding grants, December 31, 201932,493,944  66.57  5,897,800  79.62  
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2020Outstanding grants, December 31, 202027,995,277 79.69 4,711,624 100.80 
The weighted average grant date fair values per share of RSUs granted in 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $130.59, $106.58 and 2017 were $106.58, $110.05, and $79.52, respectively. In 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017,2018, the total grant date fair values of shares vested from RSU grants were $110 million, $125 million $123 million and $149$123 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under these plans was 45,082,425.40,334,683.
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Summarized information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2019,2020, is as follows:
Stock Options OutstandingOptions ExercisableStock Options OutstandingOptions Exercisable
Exercise Price RangeExercise Price RangeNumber Outstanding (Shares)Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)Weighted Average Exercise Price per ShareNumber Exercisable (Shares)Weighted Average Exercise Price per ShareExercise Price RangeNumber Outstanding (Shares)Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)Weighted Average Exercise Price per ShareNumber Exercisable (Shares)Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
$$23.05 to 127.3532,493,944  5.9$66.57  19,646,782  $50.82  $28.13 to 161.9827,995,277 5.8$79.69 17,221,451 $59.33 
In 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017,2018, the aggregate intrinsic values (i.e., the difference in the closing market price on the date of exercise and the exercise price paid by the optionee) of options exercised were $681 million, $819 million $561 million and $632$561 million, respectively.
Summarized information as of December 31, 2019,2020, about outstanding stock options that are vested and expected to vest, as well as stock options that are currently exercisable, is as follows:
Outstanding Stock Options (Fully Vested and Expected to Vest) (a)Options ExercisableOutstanding Stock Options (Fully Vested and Expected to Vest) (a)Options Exercisable
Number of outstanding (shares)Number of outstanding (shares)32,001,396  19,646,782  Number of outstanding (shares)27,596,705 17,221,451 
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)5.84.6Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)5.84.4
Weighted average exercise price per shareWeighted average exercise price per share$66.03  $50.82  Weighted average exercise price per share$79.13 $59.33 
Intrinsic value (millions of dollars)Intrinsic value (millions of dollars)$1,992  $1,522  Intrinsic value (millions of dollars)$2,346 $1,805 
(a)Includes effects of expected forfeitures. Excluding the effects of expected forfeitures, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $2.01$2.36 billion.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, total future compensation related to equity awards not yet recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income was $226$237 million, consisting of $98$103 million related to unvested stock options and $128$134 million related to unvested RSUs. The $226$237 million is expected to be recognized as follows: $113 million in 2020, $72$115 million in 2021, $37$77 million in 2022, and $4$40 million in 2023.
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2023 and $5 million in 2024.
Employee stock purchase plan
Options outstanding under the ESPP as of December 31, 2019,2020, had an exercise price equal to 85% of the fair market value of TI common stock on the date of automatic exercise. The automatic exercise occurred on January 2, 2020,4, 2021, resulting in an exercise price of $110.14$137.89 per share. Of the total outstanding options, NaN were exercisable as of December 31, 2019.2020.
ESPP transactions are as follows:
SharesExercise PriceSharesExercise Price
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2018229,836  $80.29  
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2019Outstanding grants, December 31, 2019173,849 $110.14 
GrantedGranted742,819  102.34  Granted714,680 108.74 
ExercisedExercised(798,806) 94.30  Exercised(745,483)103.48 
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2019173,849  110.14  
Outstanding grants, December 31, 2020Outstanding grants, December 31, 2020143,046 137.89 
The weighted average grant date fair values per share of options granted under the ESPP in 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $19.19, $18.05 and 2017 were $18.05, $15.43, respectively. In 2020, 2019 and $12.99, respectively. The2018, the total intrinsic value of options exercised under these plans was $14 million, $13 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017.$13 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under this plan was 33,812,282.33,097,602.
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Effect on shares outstanding and treasury shares
Treasury shares were acquired in connection with the board-authorized stock repurchase program. As of December 31, 2019, $13.182020, $10.63 billion of stock repurchase authorizations remain, and no expiration date has been specified.
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Our current practice is to issue shares of common stock from treasury shares upon exercise of stock options, distribution of director deferred compensation and vesting of RSUs. The following table reflects the changes in our treasury shares:
Stock OptionsRSUsTreasury SharesStock OptionsRSUsTreasury Shares
Balance, December 31, 2016744,831,978  
Repurchases30,570,129  
Shares used for:
Stock options/RSUs(13,313,019) (4,419,464) 
Stock applied to taxes—  1,058,100  
ESPP(1,065,757) —  
Director deferred stock units—  —  (4,750) 
Total issued(14,378,776) (3,361,364) (17,740,140) 
Balance, December 31, 2017Balance, December 31, 2017757,657,217  Balance, December 31, 2017757,657,217 
RepurchasesRepurchases49,482,220  Repurchases49,482,220 
Shares used for:Shares used for:Shares used for:
Stock options/RSUsStock options/RSUs(8,432,458) (2,769,994) Stock options/RSUs(8,432,458)(2,769,994)
Stock applied to taxesStock applied to taxes—  553,720  Stock applied to taxes0 553,720 
ESPPESPP(819,878) —  ESPP(819,878)0 
Director deferred stock unitsDirector deferred stock units—  —  (5,181) Director deferred stock units0 0 (5,181)
Total issuedTotal issued(9,252,336) (2,216,274) (11,468,610) Total issued(9,252,336)(2,216,274)(11,468,610)
Balance, December 31, 2018Balance, December 31, 2018795,665,646  Balance, December 31, 2018795,665,646 
RepurchasesRepurchases27,398,701  Repurchases27,398,701 
Shares used for:Shares used for:Shares used for:
Stock options/RSUsStock options/RSUs(11,529,174) (2,370,762) Stock options/RSUs(11,529,174)(2,370,762)
Stock applied to taxesStock applied to taxes—  490,347  Stock applied to taxes0 490,347 
ESPPESPP(798,806) —  ESPP(798,806)0 
Director deferred stock unitsDirector deferred stock units—  —  (71,571) Director deferred stock units0 0 (71,571)
Total issuedTotal issued(12,327,980) (1,880,415) (14,208,395) Total issued(12,327,980)(1,880,415)(14,208,395)
Balance, December 31, 2019Balance, December 31, 2019808,784,381  Balance, December 31, 2019808,784,381 
RepurchasesRepurchases23,430,215 
Shares used for:Shares used for:
Stock options/RSUsStock options/RSUs(8,392,354)(2,034,933)
Stock applied to taxesStock applied to taxes0 421,518 
ESPPESPP(745,483)0 
Director deferred stock unitsDirector deferred stock units0 0 (1,557)
Total issuedTotal issued(9,137,837)(1,613,415)(10,751,252)
Balance, December 31, 2020Balance, December 31, 2020821,461,787 
The effects on cash flows are as follows:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Proceeds from common stock transactions (a)Proceeds from common stock transactions (a)$539  $373  $483  Proceeds from common stock transactions (a)$470 $539 $373 
Tax benefit realized from stock compensationTax benefit realized from stock compensation$224  $179  $341  Tax benefit realized from stock compensation$195 $224 $179 
Reduction to deferred tax assetReduction to deferred tax asset(49) (43) (91) Reduction to deferred tax asset(44)(49)(43)
Excess tax benefit for stock compensationExcess tax benefit for stock compensation$175  $136  $250  Excess tax benefit for stock compensation$151 $175 $136 
(a)Net of taxes paid for employee shares withheld of $53 million, $52 million and $60 million in 2020, 2019 and $83 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
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4. Income taxes
Income before income taxes is comprised of the following components:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
U.S.U.S.$4,915  $5,672  $5,130  U.S.$5,210 $4,915 $5,672 
Non-U.S.Non-U.S.813  1,014  950  Non-U.S.807 813 1,014 
TotalTotal$5,728  $6,686  $6,080  Total$6,017 $5,728 $6,686 
Provision for income taxes is comprised of the following components:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
CurrentDeferredTotalCurrentDeferredTotalCurrentDeferredTotalCurrentDeferredTotalCurrentDeferredTotalCurrentDeferredTotal
U.S. federalU.S. federal$483  $25  $508  $979  $(98) $881  $2,101  $51  $2,152  U.S. federal$357 $(122)$235 $483 $25 $508 $979 $(98)$881 
Non-U.S.Non-U.S.135  56  191  225  (8) 217  173  61  234  Non-U.S.192 (15)177 135 56 191 225 (8)217 
U.S. stateU.S. state12  —  12  7  1  8  12  —  12  U.S. state10 0 10 12 0 12 7 1 8 
TotalTotal$630  $81  $711  $1,211  $(105) $1,106  $2,286  $112  $2,398  Total$559 $(137)$422 $630 $81 $711 $1,211 $(105)$1,106 
Principal reconciling items from the U.S. statutory income tax rate to the effective tax rate (provision for income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes) are as follows:
For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017
U.S. statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %35.0 %
U.S. tax benefit for foreign derived intangible income(4.9) (5.3) —  
U.S. excess tax benefit for stock compensation(3.1) (2.0) (4.1) 
U.S. R&D tax credit(1.4) (1.3) (1.1) 
Non-U.S. effective tax rates0.3  0.1  (2.5) 
U.S. Tax Act transitional non-cash expense—  4.2  —  
U.S. Tax Act enactment-date effects and measurement period adjustments—  (0.7) 12.7  
U.S. tax benefit for manufacturing—  —  (1.6) 
Other0.5  0.5  1.0  
Effective tax rate12.4 %16.5 %39.4 %
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act reduces the U.S. statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% and requires companies to pay a one-time tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred. We applied the guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act in 2017 and throughout 2018. As of December 31, 2018, we completed our accounting for the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Act. We booked a provisional amount of $773 million in 2017 and reduced our provisional amount by $44 million in 2018, for a net of $729 million.
For Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
U.S. statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
U.S. tax benefit for foreign derived intangible income(6.1)(4.9)(5.3)
Impact of changes in uncertain tax positions(4.0)(0.1)0 
U.S. excess tax benefit for stock compensation(2.5)(3.1)(2.0)
U.S. R&D tax credit(1.3)(1.4)(1.3)
U.S. Tax Act transitional non-cash expense0 0 4.2 
Other(0.1)0.9 (0.1)
Effective tax rate7.0 %12.4 %16.5 %
The earnings represented by non-cash operating assets, such as fixed assets and inventory, will continue to be permanently reinvested outside the United States. Provisions of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act), such as the one-time tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings and the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) tax for years beginning in 2018, eliminate any additional U.S. taxation resulting from repatriation of earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries to the United States. Consequently, no U.S. tax provision has been made for the future remittance of these earnings. However, withholding or distribution taxes in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions will be incurred upon repatriation of available cash to the United States. A provision has been made for deferred taxes on these undistributed earnings to the extent that repatriation of the available cash to the United States is expected to result in a tax liability. As of December 31, 2019,2020, we have no basis differences that would result in material unrecognized deferred tax liabilities.
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We have made an allowable policy election to account for the effects of GILTI as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the tax is incurred.
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The primary components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
December 31,December 31,
2019201820202019
Deferred tax assets:Deferred tax assets:Deferred tax assets:
Deferred loss and tax credit carryforwardsDeferred loss and tax credit carryforwards$213  $247  Deferred loss and tax credit carryforwards$207 $213 
Accrued expensesAccrued expenses113  129  Accrued expenses180 182 
Stock compensationStock compensation109  122  Stock compensation106 109 
Inventories and related reservesInventories and related reserves109  107  Inventories and related reserves105 109 
Retirement costs for defined benefit and retiree health careRetirement costs for defined benefit and retiree health care49  80  Retirement costs for defined benefit and retiree health care44 49 
OtherOther3 0 
Total deferred tax assets, before valuation allowanceTotal deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance593  685  Total deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance645 662 
Valuation allowanceValuation allowance(180) (172) Valuation allowance(179)(180)
Total deferred tax assets, after valuation allowanceTotal deferred tax assets, after valuation allowance413  513  Total deferred tax assets, after valuation allowance466 482 
Deferred tax liabilities:Deferred tax liabilities:Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment(95) (10) Property, plant and equipment(116)(164)
International earningsInternational earnings(44)(62)
Acquisition-related intangibles and fair-value adjustmentsAcquisition-related intangibles and fair-value adjustments(82) (142) Acquisition-related intangibles and fair-value adjustments(40)(82)
International earnings(62) (43) 
OtherOther(55) (65) Other(13)(55)
Total deferred tax liabilitiesTotal deferred tax liabilities(294) (260) Total deferred tax liabilities(213)(363)
Net deferred tax assetNet deferred tax asset$119  $253  Net deferred tax asset$253 $119 
The deferred tax assets and liabilities based on tax jurisdictions are presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
December 31,December 31,
2019201820202019
Deferred tax assetsDeferred tax assets$197  $295  Deferred tax assets$343 $197 
Deferred tax liabilitiesDeferred tax liabilities(78) (42) Deferred tax liabilities(90)(78)
Net deferred tax assetNet deferred tax asset$119  $253  Net deferred tax asset$253 $119 
We make an ongoing assessment regarding the realization of U.S. and non-U.S. deferred tax assets. This assessment is based on our evaluation of relevant criteria, including the existence of deferred tax liabilities that can be used to absorb deferred tax assets, taxable income in prior carryback years and expectations for future taxable income. Valuation allowances decreased $1 million in 2020 and increased by $8 million $7 million and $37$7 million in 2019 2018 and 2017,2018, respectively. These changes had 0 impact to net income in 2020, 2019 or 2018.
We have U.S. and non-U.S.0 tax loss carryforwards as of approximately $6 million, NaN of which will expire before the year 2029.December 31, 2020.
Cash payments made for income taxes, net of refunds, were $720 million, $570 million and $705 million in 2020, 2019 and $1.80 billion in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Uncertain tax positions
We operate in a number of tax jurisdictions, and our income tax returns are subject to examination by tax authorities in those jurisdictions who may challenge any item on these tax returns. Because the matters challenged by authorities are typically complex, their ultimate outcome is uncertain. Before any benefit can be recorded in our financial statements, we must determine that it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained by the appropriate tax authorities. We recognize accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions and penalties as components of OI&E.
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The changes in the total amounts of uncertain tax positions are as follows:
201920182017202020192018
Balance, January 1Balance, January 1$286  $300  $243  Balance, January 1$303 $286 $300 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current yearAdditions based on tax positions related to the current year3  3  17  Additions based on tax positions related to the current year3 3 3 
Additions for tax positions of prior yearsAdditions for tax positions of prior years63  1  42  Additions for tax positions of prior years35 63 1 
Reductions for tax positions of prior yearsReductions for tax positions of prior years(41) —  (1) Reductions for tax positions of prior years(249)(41)0 
Settlements with tax authoritiesSettlements with tax authorities(8) (18) (1) Settlements with tax authorities0 (8)(18)
Expiration of the statute of limitations for assessing taxesExpiration of the statute of limitations for assessing taxes(3)0 0 
Balance, December 31Balance, December 31$303  $286  $300  Balance, December 31$89 $303 $286 
Interest income (expense) recognized in the year ended December 31Interest income (expense) recognized in the year ended December 31$9  $(15) $(19) Interest income (expense) recognized in the year ended December 31$39 $9 $(15)
Interest payable as of December 31Interest payable as of December 31$44  $49  $38  Interest payable as of December 31$8 $44 $49 
The liability for uncertain tax positions is a component of other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
All of the $303$89 million and $286$303 million liabilities for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, are comprised of positions that, if recognized, would lower the effective tax rate. If these liabilities are ultimately realized, $2 million and $30 million of existing deferred tax assets in 2019both 2020 and 2018, respectively,2019 would also be realized. It is reasonably possible that the $303 million liability asReductions for tax positions of December 31, 2019, could decrease by up toprior years in 2020 include a $249 million in 2020tax benefit for the resolutioneffective settlement of a depreciation-related uncertain tax depreciation-related position. Accrued interest of $46 million related to this uncertain tax position was reversed and included in OI&E.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, the statute of limitations remains open for U.S. federal tax returns for 2013 and following years. Audit activities related to our U.S. federal tax returns through 20122015 have been completed except for certain pending tax treaty procedures for relief from double taxation.taxation and an Internal Revenue Service appeals process related to the 2013 through 2015 audit. The procedures for relief from double taxation pertain to U.S. federal tax returns for the years 2007 through 2012. The audit of the U.S. federal tax returns for 2013 through 2015 is underway.
In non-U.S. jurisdictions, the years open to audit represent the years still open under the statute of limitations. With respect to major jurisdictions outside the United States, our subsidiaries are no longer subject to income tax audits for years before 2007.
5. Financial instruments and risk concentration
Financial instruments
We hold derivative financial instruments such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, the fair value of which was not material as of December 31, 2019.2020. Our forward foreign currency exchange contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2019,2020, had a notional value of $458$416 million to hedge our non-U.S. dollar net balance sheet exposures, including $136$147 million to sell Japanese yen, $106$85 million to sell Indian rupeeseuros and $74$82 million to sell British pounds.
Our investments in cash equivalents, short-term investments and certain long-term investments, as well as our deferred compensation liabilities, are carried at fair value. Our postretirement plan assets are carried at fair value or net asset value per share. The carrying values for other current financial assets and liabilities, such as accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to the short maturity of such instruments. As of December 31, 2019,2020, the carrying value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $5.80$6.80 billion, and the estimated fair value was $6.29$7.78 billion. The estimated fair value is measured using broker-dealer quotes, which are Level 2 inputs. See Note 6 for a description of fair value and the definition of Level 2 inputs.
Risk concentration
We are subject to counterparty risks from financial institutions, customers and issuers of debt securities. Financial instruments that could subject us to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash deposits, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. To manage our credit risk exposure, we place cash investments in investment-grade debt securities and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We also limit counterparties on cash deposits and financial derivative contracts to financial institutions with investment-grade ratings.
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Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to our large number of customers and their dispersion across different industries and geographic areas. We maintain allowances for expected returns, disputes, adjustments, incentives and collectability.credit losses. These allowances are deducted from accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Accounts receivable allowances changed to reflect amounts charged (credited) to operating results by $3 million, ($11) million and $11 million in 2020, 2019 and ($9) million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Major customer
One of our end customers accounted for 10%, 8% and 8% of revenue in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, recognized primarily in our Analog segment. No end customer accounted for 10% or more of revenue in 2019 2018 or 2017.2018.
6. Valuation of debt and equity investments and certain liabilities
Debt and equity investmentsInvestments measured at fair value
Available-for-sale debt investments, money market funds and trading securitiesmutual funds are stated at fair value, which is generally based on market prices or broker quotes. See Fair-value considerations below.. Unrealized gains and losses from available-for-sale debt securities are recorded as an increase or decrease, net of taxes, in AOCI on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other-than-temporary impairmentsSheets, and any credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities are recorded as an allowance for credit losses with an offset recognized in OI&E in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
We classify certain mutual funds as trading securities. TheseOur mutual funds hold a variety of debt and equity investments intended to generate returns that offset changes in certain deferred compensation liabilities. We record changes in the fair value of these mutual funds and the related deferred compensation liabilities in SG&A.
Other equity investments
Our other investments include equity-method investments and non-marketable equity investments, which are not measured at fair value. These investments consist of interests in venture capital funds and other non-marketable equity securities. Gains and losses from equity-method investments are recognized in OI&E based on our ownership share of the investee’s financial results.
Non-marketable equity securities are measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments. Gains and losses on non-marketable equity investments are recognized in OI&E.
Details of our investments are as follows:
December 31, 2019December 31, 2018December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Cash and Cash EquivalentsShort-Term InvestmentsLong-Term InvestmentsCash and Cash EquivalentsShort-Term InvestmentsLong-Term InvestmentsCash and Cash EquivalentsShort-Term InvestmentsLong-Term InvestmentsCash and Cash EquivalentsShort-Term InvestmentsLong-Term Investments
Measured at fair value:Measured at fair value:Measured at fair value:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Money market fundsMoney market funds$1,213  $—  $—  $747  $—  $—  Money market funds$886 $0 $0 $1,213 $0 $0 
Corporate obligationsCorporate obligations174  1,216  —  473  748  —  Corporate obligations256 407 0 174 1,216 0 
U.S. government agency and Treasury securitiesU.S. government agency and Treasury securities604  1,734  —  988  1,047  —  U.S. government agency and Treasury securities1,340 3,054 0 604 1,734 0 
Trading securities:
Mutual fundsMutual funds—  —  272  —  —  226  Mutual funds0 0 18 0 0 272 
TotalTotal1,991  2,950  272  2,208  1,795  226  Total2,482 3,461 18 1,991 2,950 272 
Other measurement basis:Other measurement basis:Other measurement basis:
Equity-method investmentsEquity-method investments—  —  24  —  —  21  Equity-method investments0 0 27 0 0 24 
Non-marketable equity investmentsNon-marketable equity investments—  —  4  —  —  4  Non-marketable equity investments0 0 4 0 0 4 
Cash on handCash on hand446  —  —  230  —  —  Cash on hand625 0 0 446 0 0 
TotalTotal$2,437  $2,950  $300  $2,438  $1,795  $251  Total$3,107 $3,461 $49 $2,437 $2,950 $300 
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As of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, unrealized gains and losses associated with our available-for-sale investments were not material. We did 0t recognize any credit losses related to available-for-sale investments in 2020, 2019 2018 or 2017.
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2018. All of our debt securities classified as available for sale as of December 31, 2020, have maturities within one year.
In 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017,2018, the proceeds from sales, redemptions and maturities of short-term available-for-sale investments were $5.29 billion, $2.31 billion $6.71 billion and $4.10$6.71 billion, respectively. Gross realized gains and losses from these sales were not material.
The following table presentsIn 2020, we entered into total return swaps to economically hedge the aggregate maturitiesvariability of our available-for-sale debt investments ascertain deferred compensation obligations to employees. As a result, we received proceeds of December 31, 2019:
Fair Value
One year or less$4,921 
One to two years20 
There were no other-than-temporary declines and impairments in$253 million from the valuessale of our debt investments in 2019, 2018 or 2017.
In 2019, 2018 and 2017, net gains and losses associated with our equity investmentsmutual funds that were $32 million, $5 million and $4 million, respectively. These amounts include realized gains of $29 million, $11 million and $6 million on equity investments sold during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.previously being utilized to offset this exposure.
Fair-value considerations
We measure and report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.
The three-level hierarchy described below indicates the extent and level of judgment used to estimate fair-value measurements.
•Level 1 – Uses unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
•Level 2 – Uses inputs other than Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date through correlation with market data, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 also includes assets and liabilities that are valued using models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment since the input assumptions used in the models, such as interest rates and volatility factors, are corroborated by readily observable data. We utilize a third-party data service to provide Level 2 valuations. We verify these valuations for reasonableness relative to unadjusted quotes obtained from brokers or dealers based on observable prices for similar assets in active markets.
•Level 3 – Uses inputs that are unobservable, supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models that utilize management estimates of market participant assumptions. As of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, we had 0 Level 3 assets or liabilities.
The following are our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. These tables do not include cash on hand, assets held by our postretirement plans, or assets and liabilities that are measured at historical cost or any basis other than fair value.
December 31, 2019December 31, 2018December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Level 1Level 2TotalLevel 1Level 2TotalLevel 1Level 2TotalLevel 1Level 2Total
Assets:Assets:Assets:
Money market fundsMoney market funds$1,213  $—  $1,213  $747  $—  $747  Money market funds$886 $0 $886 $1,213 $0 $1,213 
Corporate obligationsCorporate obligations—  1,390  1,390  —  1,221  1,221  Corporate obligations0 663 663 0 1,390 1,390 
U.S. government agency and Treasury securitiesU.S. government agency and Treasury securities2,338  —  2,338  2,035  —  2,035  U.S. government agency and Treasury securities4,394 0 4,394 2,338 0 2,338 
Mutual fundsMutual funds272  —  272  226  —  226  Mutual funds18 0 18 272 0 272 
Total assetsTotal assets$3,823  $1,390  $5,213  $3,008  $1,221  $4,229  Total assets$5,298 $663 $5,961 $3,823 $1,390 $5,213 
Liabilities:Liabilities:Liabilities:
Deferred compensationDeferred compensation$298  $—  $298  $246  $—  $246  Deferred compensation$350 $0 $350 $298 $0 $298 
Total liabilitiesTotal liabilities$298  $—  $298  $246  $—  $246  Total liabilities$350 $0 $350 $298 $0 $298 

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7. Goodwill and acquisition-related intangibles
Goodwill by segment as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, is as follows:
Goodwill
Analog$4,158 
Embedded Processing172 
Other32 
Total$4,362 
We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and determine whether the fair value of each of our reporting units is in excess of its carrying value. Determination of fair value is based upon management estimates and judgment, using unobservable inputs in discounted cash flow models to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit. These unobservable inputs are considered Level 3 measurements, as described in Note 6. In 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017,2018, we determined 0 impairment was indicated.
The components of acquisition-related intangibles are as follows:
December 31, 2019December 31, 2018December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Amortization Period (Years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetAmortization Period (Years)Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNetGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet
Developed technologyDeveloped technology
7 – 10
$2,000  $1,660  $340  $2,125  $1,573  $552  Developed technology
8 – 10
$1,895 $1,753 $142 $2,000 $1,660 $340 
Customer relationships8—  —  —  810  734  76  
Other intangiblesOther intangibles510 0 10 0 0 0 
TotalTotal$2,000  $1,660  $340  $2,935  $2,307  $628  Total$1,905 $1,753 $152 $2,000 $1,660 $340 
Acquisition charges
Acquisition charges represent the ongoing amortization of intangible assets resulting from the acquisition of National Semiconductor Corporation. These amounts are included in Other for segment reporting purposes, consistent with how management measures the performance of its segments.
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles was $198 million, $288 million in 2019 and $318 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, and 2017.respectively. Fully amortized assets are written off against accumulated amortization. The remaining estimated amortization is $198 million in 2020 and $142$144 million in 2021.
8. Postretirement benefit plans
Plan descriptions
We have various employee retirement plans, including defined contribution, defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plans. For qualifying employees, we offer deferred compensation arrangements.
U.S. retirement plans
Our principal retirement plans in the United States are a defined contribution plan;plan, an enhanced defined contribution plan;plan and qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans. The defined benefit plans were closed to new participants in 1997, and then current participants were allowed to make a one-time election to continue accruing a benefit in the plans or to cease accruing a benefit and instead to participate in the enhanced defined contribution plan described below.plan.
Both defined contribution plans offer an employer-matching savings option that allows employees to make pretax and post-tax contributions to various investment choices. Employees who elected to continue accruing a benefit in the qualified defined benefit pension plans may also participate in the defined contribution plan, where employer-matching contributions are provided for up to 2% of the employee’s annual eligible earnings. Employees who elected not to continue accruing a benefit in the defined benefit pension plans and employees hired after November 1997 and through December 31, 2003, may participate in the enhanced defined contribution plan. This plan provides for a fixed employer contribution of 2% of the employee’s annual eligible earnings, plus an employer-matching contribution of up to 4% of the employee’s annual eligible earnings. Employees hired after December 31, 2003, do not receive the fixed employer contribution of 2% of the employee’s annual eligible earnings.
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As of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, as a result of employees’ elections, TI’s U.S. defined contribution plans held shares of TI common stock totaling 87 million shares and 98 million shares valued at $988 million$1.12 billion and $821$988 million, respectively. Dividends paid on these shares in 2020 and 2019 and 2018 were $26$27 million and $24$26 million, respectively. Effective April 1, 2016, the TI common stock fund was frozen to new contributions or transfers into the fund.
Our aggregate expense for the U.S. defined contribution plans was $61 million in 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017.2018.
The defined benefit pension plans include employees still accruing benefits, as well as employees and participants who no longer accrue service-related benefits, but instead, may participate in the enhanced defined contribution plan. Benefits under the qualified defined benefit pension plan are determined using a formula based on years of service and the highest five consecutive years of compensation. We intend to contribute amounts to this plan to meet the minimum funding requirements of applicable local laws and regulations, plus such additional amounts as we deem appropriate. The non-qualified defined benefit plans are unfunded and closed to new participants.
U.S. retiree health care benefit plan
U.S. employees who meet eligibility requirements are offered medical coverage during retirement. We make a contribution toward the cost of those retiree medical benefits for certain retirees and their dependents. The contribution rates are based upon various factors, the most important of which are an employee’s date of hire, date of retirement, years of service and eligibility for Medicare benefits. The balance of the cost is borne by the plan’s participants. Employees hired after January 1, 2001, are responsible for the full cost of their medical benefits during retirement.
Non-U.S. retirement plans
We provide retirement coverage for non-U.S. employees, as required by local laws or to the extent we deem appropriate, through a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans. Retirement benefits are generally based on an employee’s years of service and compensation. Funding requirements are determined on an individual country and plan basis and are subject to local country practices and market circumstances.
As of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, as a result of employees’ elections, TI’s non-U.S. defined contribution plans held TI common stock valued at $28$36 million and $23$28 million, respectively. Dividends paid on these shares of TI common stock in 20192020 and 20182019 were not material.
Effects on our Consolidated Statements of Income and Balance Sheets
ExpenseExpenses related to defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plans isare as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
201920182017201920182017201920182017202020192018202020192018202020192018
Service costService cost$18  $19  $22  $3  $5  $5  $31  $36  $37  Service cost$18 $18 $19 $3 $3 $5 $34 $31 $36 
Interest costInterest cost38  35  42  14  15  17  43  45  44  Interest cost31 38 35 13 14 15 38 43 45 
Expected return on plan assetsExpected return on plan assets(41) (42) (41) (14) (15) (17) (86) (67) (62) Expected return on plan assets(36)(41)(42)(12)(14)(15)(78)(86)(67)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)Amortization of prior service cost (credit)—  —  —  (1) (3) (4) 1  (1) (2) Amortization of prior service cost (credit)0 0 0 (2)(1)(3)1 1 (1)
Recognized net actuarial lossRecognized net actuarial loss9  17  14  —  2  3  29  20  28  Recognized net actuarial loss7 9 17 0 0 2 14 29 20 
Net periodic benefit costsNet periodic benefit costs24  29  37  2  4  4  18  33  45  Net periodic benefit costs20 24 29 2 2 4 9 18 33 
Settlement lossesSettlement losses10  23  36  —  —  —  3  3  2  Settlement losses16 10 23 0 0 0 1 3 3 
Total, including other postretirement lossesTotal, including other postretirement losses$34  $52  $73  $2  $4  $4  $21  $36  $47  Total, including other postretirement losses$36 $34 $52 $2 $2 $4 $10 $21 $36 
All defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plan expense components other than service cost are recognized in OI&E in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Service cost is recognized within operating profit.
For the U.S. qualified pension and retiree health care plans, the expected return on plan assets component of net periodic benefit cost is based upon a market-related value of assets. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the market-related value of assets is the fair value adjusted by a smoothing technique whereby certain gains and losses are phased in over a period of three years.
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Changes in the benefit obligations and plan assets for defined benefit and retiree health care benefit plans are as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
201920182019201820192018202020192020201920202019
Change in plan benefit obligationChange in plan benefit obligationChange in plan benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year:Benefit obligation at beginning of year:$874  $998  $361  $414  $2,411  $2,469  Benefit obligation at beginning of year:$960 $874 $359 $361 $2,581 $2,411 
Service costService cost18  19  3  5  31  36  Service cost18 18 3 3 34 31 
Interest costInterest cost38  35  14  15  43  45  Interest cost31 38 13 14 38 43 
Participant contributionsParticipant contributions—  —  13  11  7  7  Participant contributions0 0 13 13 7 7 
Benefits paidBenefits paid(11) (10) (41) (41) (103) (87) Benefits paid(12)(11)(39)(41)(95)(103)
SettlementsSettlements(66) (100) —  —  (12) (16) Settlements(94)(66)0 0 (8)(12)
CurtailmentsCurtailments—  —  —  —  (1) —  Curtailments0 0 0 0 0 (1)
Actuarial loss (gain)Actuarial loss (gain)107  (68) 9  (43) 193  6  Actuarial loss (gain)194 107 40 9 143 193 
Plan amendmentsPlan amendments—  —  —  —  —  7  Plan amendments0 0 0 0 1 0 
Effects of exchange rate changesEffects of exchange rate changes—  —  —  —  12  (56) Effects of exchange rate changes0 0 0 0 167 12 
Benefit obligation at end of yearBenefit obligation at end of year$960  $874  $359  $361  $2,581  $2,411  Benefit obligation at end of year$1,097 $960 $389 $359 $2,868 $2,581 
Change in plan assetsChange in plan assetsChange in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year:Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year:$869  $995  $330  $394  $2,410  $2,593  Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year:$987 $869 $356 $330 $2,661 $2,410 
Actual return on plan assetsActual return on plan assets185  (56) 53  (12) 337  (52) Actual return on plan assets164 185 58 53 260 337 
Employer contributions (qualified plans)Employer contributions (qualified plans)—  20  1  1  9  19  Employer contributions (qualified plans)0 0 1 1 11 9 
Employer contributions (non-qualified plans)Employer contributions (non-qualified plans)10  20  —  —  —  —  Employer contributions (non-qualified plans)16 10 0 0 0 0 
Participant contributionsParticipant contributions—  —  13  11  7  7  Participant contributions0 0 13 13 7 7 
Benefits paidBenefits paid(11) (10) (41) (41) (103) (87) Benefits paid(12)(11)(39)(41)(95)(103)
SettlementsSettlements(66) (100) —  —  (12) (16) Settlements(94)(66)0 0 (8)(12)
Effects of exchange rate changesEffects of exchange rate changes—  —  —  —  13  (54) Effects of exchange rate changes0 0 0 0 172 13 
Other—  —  —  (23) —  —  
Fair value of plan assets at end of yearFair value of plan assets at end of year$987  $869  $356  $330  $2,661  $2,410  Fair value of plan assets at end of year$1,061 $987 $389 $356 $3,008 $2,661 
Funded status at end of yearFunded status at end of year$27  $(5) $(3) $(31) $80  $(1) Funded status at end of year$(36)$27 $0 $(3)$140 $80 
The actuarial loss (gain) for all pension plans was primarily related to a change in the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligations of those plans in 20192020 and 2018.2019.
Amounts recognized on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, are as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitTotal
2019
Overfunded retirement plans$73  $—  $145  $218  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities(17) —  (4) (21) 
Underfunded retirement plans(29) (3) (61) (93) 
Funded status at end of 2019$27  $(3) $80  $104  
2018
Overfunded retirement plans$40  $—  $52  $92  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities(8) —  (3) (11) 
Underfunded retirement plans(37) (31) (50) (118) 
Funded status at end of 2018$(5) $(31) $(1) $(37) 
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U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitTotal
2020
Overfunded retirement plans$9 $3 $234 $246 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities(6)0 (5)(11)
Underfunded retirement plans(39)(3)(89)(131)
Funded status at end of 2020$(36)$0 $140 $104 
2019
Overfunded retirement plans$73 $0 $145 $218 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities & other long-term liabilities(17)0 (4)(21)
Underfunded retirement plans(29)(3)(61)(93)
Funded status at end of 2019$27 $(3)$80 $104 
Contributions to the plans meet or exceed all minimum funding requirements. We expect to contribute about $20$10 million to our retirement benefit plans in 2020.2021.
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Accumulated benefit obligations, which are generally less than the projected benefit obligations as they exclude the impact of future salary increases, were $878$992 million and $793$878 million as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, for the U.S. defined benefit plans, and $2.46$2.72 billion and $2.29$2.46 billion as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, respectively, for the non-U.S. defined benefit plans.
The change in AOCI is as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitTotalU.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitTotal
Net Actuarial LossNet Actuarial LossPrior Service CreditNet Actuarial LossPrior Service CreditNet Actuarial LossPrior Service CreditNet Actuarial LossNet Actuarial LossPrior Service CreditNet Actuarial LossPrior Service CreditNet Actuarial LossPrior Service Credit
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2018$135  $21  $(5) $317  $3  $473  $(2) 
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2019AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2019$91 $(3)$(4)$259 $2 $347 $(2)
Changes in AOCI by category:Changes in AOCI by category:Changes in AOCI by category:
AdjustmentsAdjustments(36) (31) —  (58) —  (125) —  Adjustments66 (6)0 (16)0 44 0 
Recognized within net incomeRecognized within net income(19) —  1  (32) (1) (51) —  Recognized within net income(23)0 2 (15)(1)(38)1 
Tax effectTax effect11  7  —  32  —  50  —  Tax effect(9)1 0 14 0 6 0 
Total change to AOCITotal change to AOCI(44) (24) 1  (58) (1) (126) —  Total change to AOCI34 (5)2 (17)(1)12 1 
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2019$91  $(3) $(4) $259  $2  $347  $(2) 
AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2020AOCI balance, net of taxes, December 31, 2020$125 $(8)$(2)$242 $1 $359 $(1)
Information on plan assets
We report and measure the plan assets of our defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans at fair value. The tables below set forth the fair value of our plan assets using the same three-level hierarchy of fair-value inputs described in Note 6.
December 31, 2019December 31, 2020
Level 1Level 2Other (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Other (a)Total
Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$—  $—  $640  $640  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$0 $0 $743 $743 
Equity securitiesEquity securities—  —  347  347  Equity securities0 0 318 318 
TotalTotal$—  $—  $987  $987  Total$0 $0 $1,061 $1,061 
Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$62  $—  $168  $230  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$29 $0 $222 $251 
Equity securitiesEquity securities—  —  126  126  Equity securities0 0 138 138 
TotalTotal$62  $—  $294  $356  Total$29 $0 $360 $389 
Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$59  $126  $1,762  $1,947  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$69 $146 $2,063 $2,278 
Equity securitiesEquity securities41  2  671  714  Equity securities43 2 685 730 
TotalTotal$100  $128  $2,433  $2,661  Total$112 $148 $2,748 $3,008 
(a)Consists of bond index and equity index funds, measured at net asset value per share, as well as cash equivalents.
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December 31, 2018December 31, 2019
Level 1Level 2Other (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Other (a)Total
Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:Assets of U.S. defined benefit plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$—  $—  $563  $563  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$0 $0 $640 $640 
Equity securitiesEquity securities—  —  306  306  Equity securities0 0 347 347 
TotalTotal$—  $—  $869  $869  Total$0 $0 $987 $987 
Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:Assets of U.S. retiree health care plan:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$59  $—  $155  $214  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$62 $0 $168 $230 
Equity securitiesEquity securities—  —  116  116  Equity securities0 0 126 126 
TotalTotal$59  $—  $271  $330  Total$62 $0 $294 $356 
Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:Assets of non-U.S. defined benefit plans:
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents$47  $139  $1,602  $1,788  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents$59 $126 $1,762 $1,947 
Equity securitiesEquity securities33  1  588  622  Equity securities41 2 671 714 
TotalTotal$80  $140  $2,190  $2,410  Total$100 $128 $2,433 $2,661 
(a)Consists of bond index and equity index funds, measured at net asset value per share, as well as cash equivalents.
The investments in our major benefit plans largely consist of low-cost, broad-market index funds to mitigate risks of concentration within market sectors. Our investment policy is designed to better match the interest rate sensitivity of the plan assets and liabilities. The appropriate mix of equity and bond investments is determined primarily through the use of detailed asset-liability modeling studies that look to balance the impact of changes in the discount rate against the need to provide asset growth to cover future service cost. Most of our plans around the world have a greater proportion of fixed income securities with return characteristics that are more closely aligned with changes in the liabilities caused by discount rate volatility.
Assumptions and investment policies
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
201920182019201820192018202020192020201920202019
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
Discount rateDiscount rate3.62%  4.37%  3.63%  4.30%  1.46%  1.85%  Discount rate2.81%3.62%2.74%3.63%1.31%1.46%
Long-term pay progressionLong-term pay progression3.30%  3.30%  n/an/a3.06%  2.96%  Long-term pay progression3.70%3.30%n/an/a3.15%3.06%
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rateDiscount rate4.35%  3.77%  4.30%  3.63%  1.85%  1.84%  Discount rate3.42%4.35%3.63%4.30%1.46%1.85%
Long-term rate of return on plan assetsLong-term rate of return on plan assets4.90%  4.80%  4.40%  4.10%  3.62%  2.58%  Long-term rate of return on plan assets4.00%4.90%3.50%4.40%2.93%3.62%
Long-term pay progressionLong-term pay progression3.30%  3.30%  n/an/a3.03%  2.96%  Long-term pay progression3.30%3.30%n/an/a3.06%3.03%
We utilize a variety of methods to select an appropriate discount rate depending on the depth of the corporate bond market in the country in which the benefit plan operates. In the United States, we use a settlement approach whereby a portfolio of bonds is selected from the universe of actively traded high-quality U.S. corporate bonds. The selected portfolio is designed to provide cash flows sufficient to pay the plan’s expected benefit payments when due. The resulting discount rate reflects the rate of return of the selected portfolio of bonds. For our non-U.S. locations with a sufficient number of actively traded high-quality bonds, an analysis is performed in which the projected cash flows from the defined benefit plans are discounted against a yield curve constructed with an appropriate universe of high-quality corporate bonds available in each country. In this manner, a present value is developed. The discount rate selected is the single equivalent rate that produces the same present value. For countries that lack a sufficient corporate bond market, a government bond index adjusted for an appropriate risk premium is used to establish the discount rate.
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Assumptions for the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets are based on future expectations for returns for each asset class and the effect of periodic target asset allocation rebalancing. We adjust the results for the payment of reasonable expenses of the plan from plan assets. We believe our assumptions are appropriate based on the investment mix and long-term nature of the plans’ investments. Assumptions used for the non-U.S. defined benefit plans reflect the different economic environments within the various countries.
The target allocation ranges for the plans that hold a substantial majority of the defined benefit assets are as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents65%  65%  60% – 100%
Equity securities35%  35%  0% – 40%
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
Fixed income securities and cash equivalents65% – 80%65% – 80%60% – 100%
Equity securities20% – 35%20% – 35%0% – 40%
We rebalance the plans’ investments when they are outside the target allocation ranges.
Weighted average asset allocations as of December 31 are as follows:
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Retiree Health CareNon-U.S. Defined Benefit
201920182019201820192018202020192020201920202019
Fixed income securities and cash equivalentsFixed income securities and cash equivalents65%  65%  65%  65%  73%  74%  Fixed income securities and cash equivalents70%65%65%65%76%73%
Equity securitiesEquity securities35%  35%  35%  35%  27%  26%  Equity securities30%35%35%35%24%27%
NaN of the plan assets related to the defined benefit pension plans and retiree health care benefit plan are directly invested in TI common stock.
The following assumed future benefit payments to plan participants in the next 10 years are used to measure our benefit obligations. Almost all of the payments, which may vary significantly from these assumptions, will be made from plan assets and not from company assets.
202020212022202320242025 – 2029202120222023202420252026 – 2030
U.S. Defined BenefitU.S. Defined Benefit$99  $118  $85  $90  $87  $441  U.S. Defined Benefit$95 $137 $102 $100 $102 $490 
U.S. Retiree Health CareU.S. Retiree Health Care32  30  29  27  26  115  U.S. Retiree Health Care29 28 27 26 25 113 
Non-U.S. Defined BenefitNon-U.S. Defined Benefit95  96  99  100  104  542  Non-U.S. Defined Benefit99 102 102 105 106 558 
Assumed health care cost trend rates for the U.S. retiree health care benefit plan as of December 31 are as follows:
2019201820202019
Assumed health care cost trend rate for next yearAssumed health care cost trend rate for next year7.00%  7.25%  Assumed health care cost trend rate for next year6.75%7.00%
Ultimate trend rateUltimate trend rate5.00%  5.00%  Ultimate trend rate5.00%5.00%
Year in which ultimate trend rate is reachedYear in which ultimate trend rate is reached2028  2028  Year in which ultimate trend rate is reached20282028
Deferred compensation plans
We have deferred compensation plans that allow U.S. employees whose base salary and management responsibility exceed a certain level to defer receipt of a portion of their cash compensation. Payments under these plans are made based on the participant’s distribution election and plan balance. Participants can earn a return on their deferred compensation based on notional investments in the same investment funds that are offered in our defined contribution plans.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, our liability to participants of the deferred compensation plans was $298$350 million and is recorded in other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This amount reflects the accumulated participant deferrals and earnings thereon as of that date. We utilize total return swaps and investments in mutual funds that serve as economic hedges of our exposure to changes in the fair value of these liabilities. We record changes in the fair value of the liability and the related total return swaps and mutual funds in SG&A, as discussed in Note 6. As of December 31, 2019,2020, we held $272$18 million in mutual funds related to these plans that are recorded in long-term investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and serve as an economic hedge against changes in fair values of our other deferred compensation liabilities. We record changes in the fair value of the liability and the related investment in SG&A as discussed in Note 6.
Sheets.
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9. Debt and lines of credit
Short-term borrowings
We maintain a line of credit to support commercial paper borrowings, if any, and to provide additional liquidity through bank loans. As of December 31, 2019,2020, we had a variable-rate revolving credit facility from a consortium of investment-grade banks that allows us to borrow up to $2 billion until March 2024. The interest rate on borrowings under this credit facility, if drawn, is indexed to the applicable London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). As of December 31, 2019,2020, our credit facility was undrawn, and we had no0 commercial paper outstanding.
Long-term debt
We retiredIn March 2020, we issued a principal amount of $750 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in 2025. We incurred $4 million of issuance costs. The proceeds of the offering were $749 million, net of the original issuance discount, and were used for general corporate purposes and the repayment of maturing debt.
In April 2020, we retired $500 million of maturing debt.
In May 2020, we issued a principal amount of $750 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in August 2019.2030. We incurred $5 million of issuance costs. The proceeds of the offering were $749 million, net of the original issuance discount, and were used for general corporate purposes.
In March 2019, we issued a principal amount of $750 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in 2039. We incurred $7 million of issuance and other related costs. The proceeds of the offering were $743 million, net of the original issuance discount, and were used for general corporate purposes.
In August 2019, we retired $750 million of maturing debt.
In September 2019, we issued a principal amount of $750 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in 2029. We incurred $5 million of issuance and other related costs. The proceeds of the offering were $748 million, net of the original issuance discount, and were used for general corporate purposes.
WeIn May 2018, we retired $500 million of maturing debt in May 2018.debt.
In the second quarter of 2018, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in 2048, comprised of the issuance of $1.3 billion in May 2018 and an additional $200 million in June 2018. We incurred $16 million of issuance and other related costs. The proceeds of the offering were $1.5 billion, net of the original issuance discount and premium, and were used for general corporate purposes.
We retired $250 million of maturing debt in March 2017 and another $375 million in June 2017.
In May 2017, we issued an aggregate principal amount of $600 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt. The offering consisted of the reissuance of $300 million of 2.75% notes due in 2021 at a premium and the issuance of $300 million of 2.625% notes due in 2024 at a discount. We incurred $3 million of issuance and other related costs. The proceeds of the offerings were $605 million, net of the original issuance discount and premium, and were used for the repayment of maturing debt and general corporate purposes.
In November 2017, we issued a principal amount of $500 million of fixed-rate, long-term debt due in 2027. We incurred $3 million of issuance and other related costs. The proceeds of the offering were $494 million, net of the original issuance discount, and were used for general corporate purposes.
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Long-term debt outstanding is as follows:
December 31,December 31,
2019201820202019
Notes due 2019 at 1.65%$—  $750  
Notes due 2020 at 1.75%Notes due 2020 at 1.75%500  500  Notes due 2020 at 1.75%$0 $500 
Notes due 2021 at 2.75%Notes due 2021 at 2.75%550  550  Notes due 2021 at 2.75%550 550 
Notes due 2022 at 1.85%Notes due 2022 at 1.85%500  500  Notes due 2022 at 1.85%500 500 
Notes due 2023 at 2.25%Notes due 2023 at 2.25%500  500  Notes due 2023 at 2.25%500 500 
Notes due 2024 at 2.625%Notes due 2024 at 2.625%300  300  Notes due 2024 at 2.625%300 300 
Notes due 2025 at 1.375%Notes due 2025 at 1.375%750 0 
Notes due 2027 at 2.90%Notes due 2027 at 2.90%500  500  Notes due 2027 at 2.90%500 500 
Notes due 2029 at 2.25%Notes due 2029 at 2.25%750  —  Notes due 2029 at 2.25%750 750 
Notes due 2030 at 1.75%Notes due 2030 at 1.75%750 0 
Notes due 2039 at 3.875%Notes due 2039 at 3.875%750  —  Notes due 2039 at 3.875%750 750 
Notes due 2048 at 4.15%Notes due 2048 at 4.15%1,500  1,500  Notes due 2048 at 4.15%1,500 1,500 
Total debtTotal debt5,850  5,100  Total debt6,850 5,850 
Net unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costsNet unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs(47) (32) Net unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs(52)(47)
Total debt, including net unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costsTotal debt, including net unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs5,803  5,068  Total debt, including net unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs6,798 5,803 
Current portion of long-term debtCurrent portion of long-term debt(500) (749) Current portion of long-term debt(550)(500)
Long-term debtLong-term debt$5,303  $4,319  Long-term debt$6,248 $5,303 
Interest and debt expense was $190 million, $170 million and $125 million in 2020, 2019 and $78 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. This was net of the amortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs. Cash payments for interest on long-term debt were $182 million, $156 million and $114 million in 2020, 2019 and $75 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Capitalized interest was not material.
10. Leases
We conduct certain operations in leased facilities and also lease a portion of our data processing and other equipment. In addition, certain long-term supply agreements to purchase industrial gases are accounted for as operating leases. Lease agreements frequently include renewal provisions and require us to pay real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs.
Our leases are included as a component of the following balance sheet lines:
December 31,
2019
Other long-term assets$337 
 December 31,
 20202019
Other long-term assets$319 $337 
 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities$72 $73 
Other long-term liabilities249 259 
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Accrued expenses and other liabilities$73 
Other long-term liabilities259 
Details of our operating leases are as follows:

For Year Ended
December 31,
2019
Lease cost related to lease liabilities$66 
Variable lease cost41 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for lease cost$60 

Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities$167 


Weighted average remaining lease term8.2 years
Weighted average discount rate3.37 %
51


For Years Ended
December 31,
 20202019
Lease cost related to lease liabilities$70 $66 
Variable lease cost36 41 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for lease cost$59 $60 

Lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities$59 $167 


Weighted average remaining lease term8.9 years8.2 years
Weighted average discount rate3.02 %3.37 %
As of December 31, 2019,2020, we had committed to make the following minimum payments under our non-cancellable operating leases:
20202021202220232024ThereafterTotal20212022202320242025ThereafterTotal
Lease paymentsLease payments$75  $63  $51  $38  $28  $131  $386  Lease payments$76 $60 $38 $33 $26 $138 $371 
Imputed lease interestImputed lease interest(54) Imputed lease interest(50)
Total lease liabilitiesTotal lease liabilities$332  Total lease liabilities$321 
As of December 31, 2018, we had committed to make the following minimum payments under our non-cancellable operating leases, as reported under ASC 840:
20192020202120222023ThereafterTotal
Operating leases$56  $46  $36  $29  $18  $39  $224  

11. Commitments and contingencies
Purchase commitments
Our purchase commitments include payments for software licenses and contractual arrangements with suppliers when there is a fixed, non-cancellable payment schedule or when minimum payments are due with a reduced delivery schedule.
As of December 31, 2019,2020, we had committed to make the following minimum payments under our purchase commitments:
20202021202220232024ThereafterTotal
Purchase commitments$452  $286  $121  $70  $27  $109  $1,065  
20212022202320242025ThereafterTotal
Purchase commitments$400 $127 $69 $31 $24 $96 $747 
Indemnification guarantees
We routinely sell products with an intellectual property indemnification included in the terms of sale. Historically, we have had only minimal, infrequent losses associated with these indemnities. Consequently, we cannot reasonably estimate any future liabilities that may result.
Warranty costs/product liabilities
We accrue for known product-related claims if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. During the periods presented, there have been no material accruals or payments regarding product warranty or product liability. Historically, we have experienced a low rate of payments on product claims. Although we cannot predict the likelihood or amount of any future claims, we do not believe they will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Our stated warranties for semiconductor products obligate us to repair, replace or credit the purchase price of a covered product back to the buyer. Product claim consideration may exceed the price of our products.
General
We are subject to various legal and administrative proceedings. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of these matters, we believe that the results of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
51
52

12. Supplemental financial information
Restructuring charges/other
Restructuring charges/other are included in Other for segment reporting purposes and are comprised of the following components:
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Restructuring charges (a)Restructuring charges (a)$(15) $6  $11  Restructuring charges (a)$25 $(15)$6 
Gains on sales of assetsGains on sales of assets(21) (3) —  Gains on sales of assets(1)(21)(3)
Restructuring charges/otherRestructuring charges/other$(36) $3  $11  Restructuring charges/other$24 $(36)$3 
(a)Includes severance and benefits, accelerated depreciation, changes in estimates orand other exit costs.
Changes in accrued restructuring balances
201920182017202020192018
Balance, January 1Balance, January 1$28  $29  $40  Balance, January 1$0 $28 $29 
Restructuring chargesRestructuring charges(15) 6  11  Restructuring charges25 (15)6 
Non-cash items (a)Non-cash items (a)—  (3) (1) Non-cash items (a)1 0 (3)
PaymentsPayments(13) (4) (21) Payments(8)(13)(4)
Balance, December 31Balance, December 31$—  $28  $29  Balance, December 31$18 $0 $28 
(a)Reflects charges for impacts of accelerated depreciation and changes in exchange rates.
The restructuring accrual balances are reported as a component of either accrued expenses and other liabilities or other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, depending on the expected timing of payment.
In April 2019,2020, we soldrecognized $25 million of restructuring charges primarily for severance and benefit costs associated with our manufacturing facility in Greenock, Scotland.Embedded Processing business. As of December 31, 2020, $8 million of payments have been made.
In January 2020, we announced a multiyear plan to close our 2 remaining factories with 150-millimeter production, which are more than 50 years old and located in Sherman and Dallas, Texas. Production will be transitioned from these sites to our more advanced and cost-effective 300-millimeter wafer fabrication facilities in North Texas. We expect this transition to be completed in the next threetwo to fivefour years. Charges for these closures cannot be reasonably estimated until a later phase of the transition.
Other income (expense), net (OI&E)
For Years Ended December 31,For Years Ended December 31,
201920182017202020192018
Other income (a)Other income (a)$197  $150  $163  Other income (a)$327 $201 $135 
Other expense (b)Other expense (b)(22) (52) (88) Other expense (b)(14)(26)(37)
TotalTotal$175  $98  $75  Total$313 $175 $98 
(a)Other income includes royalty income, reversals of tax interest royaltyaccruals, interest and lease income, as well as investment gains and losses.
(b)Other expense includes a portion of pension and other retiree benefit costs. It also includescosts, currency gains and losses tax interest and miscellaneous items.
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Property, plant and equipment at cost
Depreciable Lives (Years)December 31,Depreciable Lives (Years)December 31,
20192018Depreciable Lives (Years)20202019
LandLandn/a$126  $128  Landn/a$125 $126 
Buildings and improvementsBuildings and improvements
5 – 40
2,504  2,497  Buildings and improvements
5 – 40
2,571 2,504 
Machinery and equipmentMachinery and equipment
2 – 10
3,110  2,800  Machinery and equipment
2 – 10
3,085 3,110 
TotalTotal$5,740  $5,425  Total$5,781 $5,740 
Other long-term liabilities
December 31,December 31,
2019201820202019
Long-term portion of transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earningsLong-term portion of transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings$506  $506  Long-term portion of transition tax on indefinitely reinvested earnings$457 $506 
Uncertain tax positions303  286  
Deferred compensation plansDeferred compensation plans298  246  Deferred compensation plans350 298 
Operating lease liabilitiesOperating lease liabilities259  —  Operating lease liabilities249 259 
Uncertain tax positionsUncertain tax positions89 303 
OtherOther148  152  Other160 148 
TotalTotal$1,514  $1,190  Total$1,305 $1,514 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (AOCI)
December 31,
20192018
Postretirement benefit plans:
Net actuarial loss$(347) $(473) 
Prior service credit2  2  
Cash flow hedge derivative instruments(2) (2) 
Total$(347) $(473) 
54

December 31,
20202019
Postretirement benefit plans:
Net actuarial loss$(359)$(347)
Prior service credit1 2 
Cash flow hedge derivative instruments(2)(2)
Total$(360)$(347)
Details on amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, to net income
Our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income include items that have been recognized within net income in 2020, 2019 2018 and 2017.2018. The table below details where these transactions are recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
For Years Ended December 31,Impact to Related Statement of Income LinesFor Years Ended December 31,Impact to Related Statement of Income Lines
201920182017Impact to Related Statement of Income Lines202020192018Impact to Related Statement of Income Lines
Net actuarial losses of defined benefit plans:Net actuarial losses of defined benefit plans:
Recognized net actuarial loss and settlement losses (a)Recognized net actuarial loss and settlement losses (a)$51  $65  $83  Decrease to OI&ERecognized net actuarial loss and settlement losses (a)$38 $51 $65 Decrease to OI&E
Tax effectTax effect(13) (15) (27) Decrease to provision for income taxesTax effect(9)(13)(15)Decrease to provision for income taxes
Recognized within net income, net of taxesRecognized within net income, net of taxes$38  $50  $56  Decrease to net incomeRecognized within net income, net of taxes$29 $38 $50 Decrease to net income
Prior service credit of defined benefit plans:Prior service credit of defined benefit plans:Prior service credit of defined benefit plans:
Amortization of prior service credit (a)Amortization of prior service credit (a)$—  $(4) $(6) Increase to OI&EAmortization of prior service credit (a)$(1)$0 $(4)Increase to OI&E
Tax effectTax effect—  1  1  Increase to provision for income taxesTax effect0 0 1 Increase to provision for income taxes
Recognized within net income, net of taxesRecognized within net income, net of taxes$—  $(3) $(5) Increase to net incomeRecognized within net income, net of taxes$(1)$0 $(3)Increase to net income
Derivative instruments:
Amortization of treasury-rate locks$—  $—  $1  Increase to interest and debt expense
Tax effect—  —  —  Decrease to provision for income taxes
Recognized within net income, net of taxes$—  $—  $1  Decrease to net income
(a)Detailed in Note 8.
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13. Quarterly financial data (unaudited)
2019 Quarters2018 Quarters2020 Quarters2019 Quarters
4th3rd2nd1st4th3rd2nd1st4th3rd2nd1st4th3rd2nd1st
RevenueRevenue$3,350  $3,771  $3,668  $3,594  $3,717  $4,261  $4,017  $3,789  Revenue$4,076 $3,817 $3,239 $3,329 $3,350 $3,771 $3,668 $3,594 
Gross profitGross profit2,097  2,446  2,360  2,261  2,407  2,804  2,619  2,447  Gross profit2,646 2,453 2,082 2,088 2,097 2,446 2,360 2,261 
Included in operating profit:Included in operating profit:Included in operating profit:
Acquisition chargesAcquisition charges50  79  80  79  79  80  79  80  Acquisition charges47 51 50 50 50 79 80 79 
Restructuring charges/otherRestructuring charges/other—  —  (36) —  (2) 1  3  1  Restructuring charges/other0 0 24 0 0 0 (36)0 
Operating profitOperating profit1,249  1,589  1,506  1,379  1,516  1,937  1,712  1,548  Operating profit1,813 1,609 1,228 1,244 1,249 1,589 1,506 1,379 
Net incomeNet income1,070  1,425  1,305  1,217  1,239  1,570  1,405  1,366  Net income1,688 1,353 1,380 1,174 1,070 1,425 1,305 1,217 
Basic EPSBasic EPS$1.14  $1.51  $1.38  $1.29  $1.29  $1.61  $1.43  $1.38  Basic EPS$1.83 $1.47 $1.50 $1.25 $1.14 $1.51 $1.38 $1.29 
Diluted EPSDiluted EPS$1.12  $1.49  $1.36  $1.26  $1.27  $1.58  $1.40  $1.35  Diluted EPS$1.80 $1.45 $1.48 $1.24 $1.12 $1.49 $1.36 $1.26 

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Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Texas Instruments Incorporated
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Texas Instruments Incorporated (the Company) as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 20, 20205, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.
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Uncertain tax positions
Description of the matterAs discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company operates in the United States and multiple international tax jurisdictions, and its income tax returns are subject to examination by tax authorities in those jurisdictions who may challenge any tax position on these returns. Uncertainty in a tax position may arise because tax laws are subject to interpretation. The Company uses significant judgment to (1) determine whether, based on the technical merits, a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and (2) measure the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition. Auditing management’s estimate of the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition involved auditor judgment because management’s estimate is complex, requires a high degree of judgment and is based on interpretations of tax laws and legal rulings.
How we addressed the matter in our auditWe obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s accounting process for uncertain tax positions. For example, this included controls over the Company’s assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and management’s process to measure the benefit of those tax positions. Among other procedures performed, we involved our tax professionals to assess the technical merits of the Company’s tax positions. This included assessing the Company’s correspondence with the relevant tax authorities and evaluating income tax opinions or other third-party advice obtained by the Company. We also evaluated the appropriateness of the Company’s accounting for its tax positions taking into consideration relevant international and local income tax laws and legal rulings. We analyzed the Company’s assumptions and data used to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize and tested the accuracy of the calculations. We also evaluated the adequacy of the Company’s financial statement disclosures in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements related to these tax matters.
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We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1952.
Dallas, Texas
February 20, 2020
5, 2021
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ITEM 9. Changes in and disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A. Controls and procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures
An evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that those disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal control over financial reporting
Report by management on internal control over financial reporting
The management of TI is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. TI’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements issued for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the fourth quarter of 20192020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
TI management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.2020. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria) in Internal Control − Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2019,2020, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on the COSO criteria.
TI’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which immediately follows this report.

5857

Report of independent registered public accounting firm on internal control over financial reporting
Report of independent registered public accounting firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Texas Instruments Incorporated
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited Texas Instruments Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Texas Instruments Incorporated (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2020, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 20192020 and 2018,2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2020, and the related notes, and our report dated February 20, 20205, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying report by management on internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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Dallas, Texas
February 20, 2020
5, 2021
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ITEM 9B. Other information
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. Directors, executive officers and corporate governance
The information with respect to directors’ names, ages, positions, term of office, periods of service and business experience, which is contained under the caption “Election of directors” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders, is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
A list of our executive officers and their biographical information appears in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Code of ethics
We have adopted the Code of Ethics for TI Chief Executive Officer and Senior Finance Officers. A copy of the Code can be found on our website at www.ti.com/corporategovernance. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements of the SEC regarding amendments to, or waivers from, the Code by posting such information on the same website.
Audit committee
The information contained under the caption “Committees of the board” with respect to the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
ITEM 11. Executive compensation
The information contained under the captions “Director compensation” and “Executive compensation” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement, provided that the Compensation Committee report shall not be deemed filed with this Form 10-K.
The information contained under the caption “Compensation committee interlocks and insider participation” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
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ITEM 12. Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters
Equity compensation plan information
The following table sets forth information about the company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019.2020.
Plan CategoryPlan CategoryNumber of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (1)Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (2)Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (1)) (3)Plan CategoryNumber of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (1)Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (2)Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (1)) (3)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holdersEquity compensation plans approved by security holders38,656,075  (a)$66.80  (b)78,894,707  (c)Equity compensation plans approved by security holders32,946,484 (a)$79.99 (b)73,432,285 (c)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holdersEquity compensation plans not approved by security holders—  $—  —  Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders— — — 
TotalTotal38,656,075  (d)$66.80  78,894,707  Total32,946,484 (d)$79.99 73,432,285 
(a)Includes shares of TI common stock to be issued under the Texas Instruments 2003 Director Compensation Plan, the Texas Instruments 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2009 LTIP”) and predecessor stockholder-approved plans, the Texas Instruments 2009 Director Compensation Plan, the TI Employees 2014 Stock Purchase Plan (the “2014 ESPP”) and the Texas Instruments 2018 Director Compensation Plan (the “2018 Director Plan”).
(b)Restricted stock units and stock units credited to directors’ deferred compensation accounts are settled in shares of TI common stock on a one-for-one basis. Accordingly, such units have been excluded for purposes of computing the weighted-average exercise price.
(c)Shares of TI common stock available for future issuance under the 2009 LTIP, the 2014 ESPP and the 2018 Director Plan. 43,155,44538,457,158 shares remain available for future issuance under the 2009 LTIP and 1,926,9801,877,525 shares remain available for future issuance under the 2018 Director Plan. Under the 2009 LTIP and the 2018 Director Plan, awards may be granted in the form of restricted stock units, options or other stock-based awards such as restricted stock.
(d)Includes 32,493,94427,995,277 shares for issuance upon exercise of outstanding grants of options, 5,897,8004,711,624 shares for issuance upon vesting of outstanding grants of restricted stock units, 173,849143,046 shares for issuance under the 2014 ESPP and 90,48296,537 shares for issuance in settlement of directors’ deferred compensation accounts.
Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management
The information that is contained under the captions “Security ownership of certain beneficial owners” and “Security ownership of directors and management” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
ITEM 13. Certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence
The information contained under the captions “Related person transactions” and “Director independence” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
ITEM 14. Principal accountant fees and services
The information with respect to principal accountant fees and services contained under the caption “Proposal to ratify appointment of independent registered public accounting firm” in our proxy statement for the 20202021 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits, financial statement schedules
The financial statements are listed in the index included in Item 8, “Financial statements and supplementary data.”
Incorporated by ReferenceFiled or Furnished Herewith
Designation of ExhibitDescription of ExhibitFormFile NumberDate of FilingExhibit Number
3(a)10-K001-3761February 24, 20153(a)
3(b)8-K001-3761December 12, 2016July 16, 20203
4(a)8-K001-3761May 23, 20114.2
4(b)8-K001-3761May 8, 20134.2
4(c)8-K001-3761March 12, 20144.2
4(d)8-K001-3761May 6, 201520164.1
4(e)8-K001-3761May 6, 20164, 20174.1
4(f)8-K001-3761May 4, 20174.1 
4(g)8-K001-3761November 3, 20174.1
4(h)4(g)8-K001-3761May 7, 20184.1
4(i)4(h)8-K001-3761June 8, 20184.1
4(j)4(i)8-K001-3761March 11, 20194.1
4(k)4(j)8-K001-3761September 4, 20194.1
4(k)8-K001-3761March 12, 20204.1
4(l)8-K001-3761May 4, 20204.1
4(m)10-KX001-3761February 20, 20204(l)
10(a)10-K001-3761February 24, 201610(a)
10(b)10-K001-3761February 24, 201610(b)
10(c)10-K001-3761February 24, 201610(c)
10(d)10-K001-3761February 24, 201210(c)
10(e)10-K001-3761February 24, 201510(e)
10(f)10-K001-3761February 24, 201510(j)
10(g)10(f)10-K001-3761February 23, 201710(k)
10(h)10(g)10-K001-3761February 23, 201710(l)
10(i)10(h)DEF 14A001-3761March 9, 2016Appendix B
10(j)10(i)10-K001-3761February 23, 201710(n)
10(k)10(j)10-K001-3761February 20, 202010(k)X
21X
23X
31(a)X
31(b)X
32(a)X
32(b)X
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Incorporated by ReferenceFiled or Furnished Herewith
Designation of ExhibitDescription of ExhibitFormFile NumberDate of FilingExhibit Number
32(b)X
101.insInstance DocumentX
101.schXBRL Taxonomy SchemaX
101.calXBRL Taxonomy Calculation LinkbaseX
101.defXBRL Taxonomy Definitions DocumentX
101.labXBRL Taxonomy Labels LinkbaseX
101.preXBRL Taxonomy Presentation LinkbaseX
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)X
* Management compensation plans and arrangements
6362

Notice regarding forward-looking statements
This report includes forward-looking statements intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by phrases such as TI or its management “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates” or other words or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements herein that describe TI’s business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. All such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements.
We urge you to carefully consider the following important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations of TI or our management:
•The duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, government and other third-party responses to it and the consequences for the global economy, including to our business and the businesses of our suppliers, customers and distributors;
•Economic, social and political conditions, and natural events in the countries in which we, our customers or our suppliers operate, including global trade policies;
•Market demand for semiconductors, particularly in the industrial and automotive markets, and customer demand that differs from forecasts;
•Our ability to compete in products and prices in an intensely competitive industry;
•Evolving cybersecurity and other threats relating to our information technology systems or those of our customers or suppliers;
•Our ability to successfully implement and realize opportunities from strategic, business and organizational changes, or our ability to realize our expectations regarding the amount and timing of associated restructuring charges and associated cost savings;
•Our ability to develop, manufacture and market innovative products in a rapidly changing technological environment, and our timely implementation of new manufacturing technologies and installation of manufacturing equipment;
•Availability and cost of raw materials, utilities, manufacturing equipment, third-party manufacturing services and manufacturing technology;
•Product liability, warranty or other claims relating to our products, manufacturing, delivery, services, design or communications, or recalls by our customers for a product containing one of our parts;
•Compliance with or changes in the complex laws, rules and regulations to which we are or may become subject, or actions of enforcement authorities, that restrict our ability to operate our business or subject us to fines, penalties or other legal liability;
•Changes in tax law and accounting standards that impact the tax rate applicable to us, the jurisdictions in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed, adverse resolution of tax audits, increases in tariff rates, and the ability to realize deferred tax assets;
•A loss suffered by one of our customers or distributors with respect to TI-consigned inventory;
•Financial difficulties of our distributors or theirsemiconductor distributors’ promotion of competing product lines to our detriment; or disputes with significantcurrent or former distributors;
•Losses or curtailments of purchases from key customers or the timing and amount of distributor and other customer inventory adjustments;
•Our ability to maintain or improve profit margins, including our ability to utilize our manufacturing facilities at sufficient levels to cover our fixed operating costs, in an intensely competitive and cyclical industry and changing regulatory environment;
•Our ability to maintain and enforce a strong intellectual property portfolio and maintain freedom of operation in all jurisdictions where we conduct business; or our exposure to infringement claims;
•Instability in the global credit and financial markets;
•Increases in health care and pension benefit costs;
•Our ability to recruit and retain skilled personnel, and effectively manage key employee succession; and
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•Impairments of our non-financial assets.
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For a more detailed discussion of these factors, see the Risk factors discussion in Item 1A of this report. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update the forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. If we do update any forward-looking statement, you should not infer that we will make additional updates with respect to that statement or any other forward-looking statement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
By:/s/Rafael R. Lizardi
Rafael R. Lizardi
Senior Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
and Chief Accounting Officer
Date: February 20, 20205, 2021
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Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Richard K. Templeton, Rafael R. Lizardi and Cynthia Hoff Trochu, or any of them, each acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities in connection with the annual report on Form 10-K of Texas Instruments Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2019,2020, to sign any and all amendments to the Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated as of the 20th5th day of February 2020.2021.
SignatureTitle
/s/ Mark A. Blinn
Mark A. BlinnDirector
/s/ Todd M. Bluedorn
Todd M. BluedornDirector
/s/ Janet F. Clark
Janet F. ClarkDirector
/s/ Carrie S. Cox
Carrie S. CoxDirector
/s/ Martin S. Craighead
Martin S. CraigheadDirector
/s/ Jean M. Hobby
Jean M. HobbyDirector
/s/ Michael D. Hsu
Michael D. HsuDirector
/s/ Ronald Kirk
Ronald KirkDirector
/s/ Pamela H. Patsley
Pamela H. PatsleyDirector
/s/ Robert E. Sanchez
Robert E. SanchezDirector
/s/ Richard K. Templeton
Richard K. TempletonDirector, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Rafael R. Lizardi
Rafael R. LizardiSenior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

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