0000316709schw:AdvisorServicesMemberschw:AssetManagementAndAdministrationServiceMember2021-01-012021-12-31
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018☒ | Commission file number 1-9700ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
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| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission File Number: 1-9700
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware | | 94-3025021 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 94-3025021
| (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 941053000 Schwab Way, Westlake, TX 76262
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 667-7000(817) 859-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock – $.01 par value per share | SCHW | New York Stock Exchange |
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th40th ownership interest in a | |
share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series C | New York Stock Exchange |
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a
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| share of 5.95% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D | SCHW PrD | New York Stock Exchange |
| Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of 4.450% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J | SCHW PrJ | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. |
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Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐ |
| Emerging growth company ☐ |
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2018,2021, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $62.1$122.9 billion. For purposes of this information, the outstanding shares of Common Stock owned by directors and executive officers of the registrant were deemed to be shares of the voting stock held by affiliates.
The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding asAs of January 31, 2019, was 1,332,893,531.
2022, 1,814,620,775 shares of $.01 par value Common Stock and 79,293,695 shares of $.01 par value Nonvoting Common Stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates certain information contained in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders, to be held May 15, 2019,17, 2022, by reference to that document.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Annual Report On Form 10-K
For Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 20182021
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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
PART I
General Corporate Overview
The Charles Schwab Corporation (CSC) is a savings and loan holding company, headquartered in San Francisco, California.company. CSC was incorporated in 1986 and engages, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as Schwab or the Company), in wealth management, securities brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, and financial advisory services. At December 31, 2018,2021, Schwab had $3.25$8.14 trillion in client assets, 11.633.2 million active brokerage accounts, 1.72.2 million corporate retirement plan participants, and 1.31.6 million banking accounts.
SignificantPrincipal business subsidiaries of CSC include the following:
•Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (CS&Co), incorporated in 1971, a securities broker-dealer;
•TD Ameritrade, Inc., an introducing securities broker-dealer;
•TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc. (TDAC), a securities broker-dealer with over 355 domestic branch offices in 47 states, as well as a branch in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In addition, Schwab serves clients through branch offices in the United Kingdom (U.K.), Hong Kong, Singapore,that provides trade execution and Australia through various subsidiaries;clearing services to TD Ameritrade, Inc.;
•Charles Schwab Bank, SSB (CSB), a federal savings bank;our principal banking entity; and
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• | Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds (Schwab Funds®) and Schwab’s exchange-traded funds (Schwab ETFs™).
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•Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds (Schwab Funds®) and for Schwab’s exchange-traded funds (Schwab ETFs™).
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Schwab,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean CSC together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Schwab provides financial services to individuals and institutional clients through two segments – Investor Services and Advisor Services. The Investor Services segment provides retail brokerage, investment advisory, and banking and trust services to individual investors, and retirement plan services, as well as other corporate brokerage services, to businesses and their employees. The Advisor Services segment provides custodial, trading, banking and trust, and support services, as well as retirement business services, to independent registered investment advisors (RIAs), independent retirement advisors, and recordkeepers. These services are further described in the segment discussion below.
AsEffective January 1, 2021, CSC changed the designation of December 31, 2018, Schwab had full-time, part-time, temporary employees,its corporate headquarters from San Francisco, California to Westlake, Texas. The Company maintains a nationwide presence across a network of branches and persons employed onoperations centers, and our Westlake location provides a contract basis that representedcentrally located hub for the equivalent of approximately 19,500 full-time employees.Company.
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Schwab,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean CSC together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Business Strategy and Competitive Environment
Schwab was founded on the belief that all Americans deserve access to a better investing experience. Although much has changed in the intervening years, our purpose remains clear – to champion every client’s goals with passion and integrity. Guided by this purpose and our vision of creating the most trusted leader in investment services, management has adopted a strategy described as “Through Clients’ Eyes.”
This strategy emphasizes placing clients’ perspectives, needs, and desires at the forefront. Because investing plays a fundamental role in building financial security, we strive to deliver a better investing experience for our clients – individual investors and the people and institutions who serve them – by disrupting longstanding industry practices on their behalf and providing superior service. We also aim to offer a broad range of products and solutions to meet client needs with a focus on transparency, value, and trust. In addition, management works to couple Schwab’s scale and resources with ongoing expense discipline to keep costs low and ensure that products and solutions are affordable as well as responsive to client needs. In combination, these are the key elements of our “no trade-offs” approach to serving investors. We believe that following this strategy is the best way to maximize our market valuation and stockholder returns over time.
Management estimates that investable wealth in the United States (U.S.) (consisting of assets in defined contribution, retail wealth management and brokerage, and registered investment advisor channels, along with bank deposits) currently exceeds $45$70 trillion, which means the Company’s $3.25$8.14 trillion in client assets leaves substantial opportunity for growth. Our strategy is based on the principle that developing trusted relationships will translate into more assets from both new and
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
existing clients, ultimately driving more revenue, and along with expense discipline and thoughtful capital management, will generate earnings growth and build long-term stockholder value.
Within Investor Services, our competition in serving individual investors spans brokerage, wealth management, and asset management firms, as well as banks and trust companies. In the Advisor Services arena, we compete with institutional custodians, traditional and discount brokers, banks, and trust companies.
Across both segments, our key competitive advantages are:
•Scale and Size of the Business – As one of the largest investment services firms in the U.S., we are able to spread operating costs and amortize new investments over a large base of clients, and harness the resources to evolve capabilities to meet client needs.
•Operating Efficiency – Coupled with scale, our operating efficiency and sharing of infrastructure across different businesses creates a cost advantage that enables us to competitively price products and services while profitably serving many different clientclients of various sizes across multiple channels.
•Operating Structure – Providing bank and asset management services to broker-dealer clients helps serve a wider array of needs, thereby deepening relationships, enhancing the stability of client assets, and enabling diversified revenue streams.
•Brand and Corporate Reputation – In an industry dependent on trust, Schwab’s reputation and brand across multiple constituents enablesenable us to attract clients and employees while credibly introducing new products to the market.
•Service Culture – Delivering a great client experience earns the trust and loyalty of clients and increases the likelihood that those clients will refer others.
•Willingness to Disrupt – Management’s willingness to challenge the status quo, including our own business practices, to benefit clients fosters innovation and continuous improvement, which helps to attract more clients and assets.
SourcesBusiness and Asset Acquisitions
Acquisition of Net RevenuesTD Ameritrade
Our majorEffective October 6, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (TDA Holding) and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “TD Ameritrade” or “TDA”). TD Ameritrade provides securities brokerage services, including trade execution, clearing services, and margin lending, through its broker-dealer subsidiaries; and futures and foreign exchange trade execution services through its futures commission merchant (FCM) and forex dealer member (FDM) subsidiary.
TDA provides services to individual retail investors and to RIAs predominantly through the Internet, a national branch network, and relationships with RIAs. TD Ameritrade’s sources of net revenues areprimarily consist of trading revenue, bank deposit account fees, net interest revenue, and asset management and administration fees.
•TDA’s trading revenue includes commissions earned on trades of certain securities and derivatives, as well as order flow revenue.
•Bank deposit account fees are earned through an insured deposit account agreement with TD Bank USA, National Association and TD Bank, National Association (together, the TD Depository Institutions), as well as bank deposit account sweep agreements with other third-party depository institutions, whereby uninvested cash held within eligible brokerage client accounts is swept into deposit accounts at the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party depository institutions.
•TDA’s net interest revenue is generated primarily through margin lending, securities lending activity, as well as segregated and operating cash and investments. Interest-bearing liabilities primarily consist of interest-bearing payables to brokerage clients and long-term debt.
•TDA’s asset management and administration fee revenue includes revenues earned on client assets invested in money market funds, other mutual funds, and certain investment programs. TDA’s asset management and administration fees also include referral and asset-based program fees on its client assets managed by independent RIAs utilizing TDA’s trading revenue. These revenue streams are supported byand investing platforms.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Integration Overview
The acquisition of TD Ameritrade significantly increases our scale to help support the combination of bank, broker-dealer,Company’s ongoing efforts to enhance the client experience, provide deeper resources for individual investors as well as RIAs, and asset managementcontinue to improve our operating subsidiaries, each of which brings specific capabilities that enable us to provide clients withefficiency. At the products and services they are looking for.
Net interest revenue istime the difference between interest generated on interest-earningacquisition closed, TDA had approximately $1.6 trillion in client assets and interest paid on funding sources,approximately 14.5 million brokerage accounts. We are actively combining the majorityrespective strengths of which is derivedSchwab and TD Ameritrade and investing in enhanced client experience capabilities to further our financial success for the benefit of clients, employees, and stockholders.
We expect to transition TDA clients to Schwab within 30 to 36 months from the October 6, 2020 date of acquisition. The Company has made significant progress in its efforts to reduce overlapping or redundant roles across the two firms and has largely completed the rationalization of CS&Co and TD Ameritrade, Inc. branch locations. These and other integration activities such as preparation for client cash balances awaiting investment, heldtransitions are expected to continue throughout the integration process. CS&Co, as well as TD Ameritrade, Inc. and TDAC, will continue to operate as separate broker-dealers to serve their respective clients while integration work continues.
Throughout the integration, the Company plans to generally adopt Schwab platforms and systems, though we’re committed to leveraging material advantages in TD Ameritrade’s platforms when appropriate, as exemplified by Schwabour retention of TD Ameritrade’s thinkorswim® and thinkpipes® trading platforms, education, and tools into our offerings for retail and RIA clients. We are also retaining TD Ameritrade Institutional’s customizable portfolio rebalancing solution iRebal® as part of clients’ overall relationshipour offering for independent advisor clients.
IDA Agreement
Concurrently with the Company. While certainexecution of thesethe Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 24, 2019, as amended (the Merger Agreement), CSC entered into an amended and restated insured deposit account agreement with the TD Depository Institutions (the IDA agreement). In accordance with the IDA agreement, which became effective October 6, 2020, cash held in eligible brokerage client accounts is swept off-balance sheet to deposit accounts at the TD Depository Institutions. Schwab provides recordkeeping and support services to the TD Depository Institutions with respect to the deposit accounts for which Schwab receives an aggregate monthly fee. Under the IDA agreement, the service fee on client cash balances aredeposits held on CS&Co’s balance sheet or sweptat the TD Depository Institutions was reduced, relative to TD Ameritrade’s agreement prior to acquisition, by 40%, from 25 basis points to 15 basis points for the life of the agreement. Prior to our money market funds,acquisition, under TDA’s prior insured deposit account agreement with the TD Depository Institutions, TDA had floors in place which enabled it to carve-out up to $20 billion of floating-rate investments from the applicable service fee during specified low-rate environments. Pursuant to the IDA agreement, the 15 basis point service fee now applies across all designated fixed and floating IDA balances.
See “Part II – Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” (Item 8) – Note 3 for more information on the TD Ameritrade acquisition. See also “Part II – Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 7) – Capital Management” and Item 8 – Note 15 for additional information on the IDA agreement.
Acquisition of Assets of USAA’s Investment Management Company and Other Acquisitions
On May 26, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of the assets of USAA’s Investment Management Company (USAA-IMCO). Along with the asset purchase agreement, the companies entered into a substantial amountlong-term referral agreement that makes Schwab the exclusive provider of wealth management and investment brokerage services for USAA members. The USAA-IMCO acquisition has added scale to the Company’s operations through the addition of 1.1 million brokerage and managed portfolio accounts with approximately $80 billion in client assets at the acquisition date. The transaction also provides Schwab the opportunity to further expand our client base by serving USAA’s members through the long-term referral agreement. See Item 8 – Note 3 for more information on the USAA-IMCO acquisition.
During 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of technology and intellectual property of Motif, a financial technology company. The Motif assets help us build on our existing balances –capabilities and mosthelp accelerate our development of thematic and direct index investing for Schwab’s retail investors and RIA clients. Also during 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of Wasmer, Schroeder & Company, LLC (Wasmer Schroeder), which adds established strategies and new inflows of cash awaiting investment – are sweptseparately managed account offerings to a banking subsidiary. Interest-earning assets are primarily comprised of high-qualityour fixed income securities, margin loans, and bank loans.lineup.
The majority of asset management and administration fees are earned from proprietary money market mutual funds, proprietary and third-party mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and fee-based advisory solutions.
Trading revenue includes commissions earned for executing trades for clients in individual equities, options, futures, fixed income securities, and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs, as well as principal transaction revenue earned primarily from actions to support client trading in fixed income securities.- 3 -
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Products and Services
We offerSchwab offers a broad range of products and services through intuitive end-to-end solutions, including robust digital capabilities, to address our clients’ varying investment and financial needs. Examples of these product offerings include the following:
•Brokerage – an array of full-feature brokerage accounts with equity and fixed income trading, margin lending, options trading, futures and forex trading, and cash management capabilities including third-party certificates of deposit;
•Mutual funds – third-party mutual funds through the Mutual Fund Marketplace®, including non-transaction fee mutual funds through the Mutual Fund OneSource® service, which also includes proprietary mutual funds, plus mutual fund trading and clearing services to broker-dealers;
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
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• | Mutual funds – third-party mutual funds through the Mutual Fund Marketplace®, including non-transaction fee mutual funds through the Mutual Fund OneSource® service, which also includes proprietary mutual funds, plus mutual fund trading and clearing services to broker-dealers;
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•Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) – an extensive offering of ETFs, including manyboth proprietary and third-party ETFs available without a commission through Schwab ETF OneSource™;ETFs;
•Advice solutions – managed portfolios of both proprietary and third-party mutual funds and ETFs, separately managed accounts, customized personal advice for tailored portfolios, specialized planning, and full-time portfolio management;
•Banking – checking and savings accounts, first lien residential real estate mortgage loans (First Mortgages), home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), and pledged asset lines (PALs); and
•Trust – trust custody services, personal trust reporting services, and administrative trustee services.
These investing products and services are made available through two business segments – Investor Services and Advisor Services. Schwab’s major sources of revenues are generated by both of the reportable segments, based on their respective levels of client assets and activity. Revenue is attributable to a reportable segment based on which segment has the primary responsibility for serving the client. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in “ItemItem 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” (Item 8) – Note 2.
Investor Services
Charles Schwab initially founded the Company over 40 years ago to provide individual investors with access to the financial markets at a reasonablehighly competitive cost. The Company has been expandingexpanded offerings over time in response to client needs, aiming to provide a compelling and often disruptive solution in the marketplace. As products and services have evolved over the years, theThe Investor Services segment has expanded and now includes the Retail Investor, Stock Plan Services, Retirement Plan Services, Compliance Solutions, Mutual Fund Clearing Services, and Off-Platform Sales business units.
Through the Retail Investor business unit, we offer individual investors access to a broad set of products, tools, education, trading, and advisory solutions. We provide advice and guidance through various relationship models. And we offer award-winning and 24/7 service to all our clients, regardless of asset levels, via a multi-channel service delivery model, which includes online, mobile, telephone, and branch capabilities. support.
We provide personalized service at competitive prices while givingbelieve in the power of investing and the importance of planning in helping clients achieve their financial goals. At the core of our offer is our broad set of relationship models that help personalize the investing journey for our clients and offer them the choice of where, when, and how they do business with us. Financial Consultants, (FCs)Active Trader Financial Consultants, and Wealth Consultants in Schwab’s branches and regional telephone service centers focus on building and sustaining client relationships. We also have the abilitya range of roles to meet client investing needs through a single ongoing point of contact, even as those needs change over time. We believe that this ability to give thosesupport clients seeking help, guidance, or advice with an individually tailored solution – ranging from occasional consultations to an ongoing relationship with a Schwab FC or an independent RIA inbroad set of specialized needs, including financial planning, managed investing, estate management, equity compensation and lending. Additionally, we have teams focused on supporting the Schwab Advisor Network® – isadvice and education needs of all our clients irrespective of asset levels at Schwab.
Our advisory solutions span a competitive strength compared to the more fragmented or limited offeringsbroad range of other firms.
Our service delivery model provides quickdiscretionary and efficient accessnon-discretionary choices, with minimum investments starting as low as $5,000, making it accessible to a broad lineupset of information, research, tools, trade execution, and administrative services, which clients can access according to their needs. For example, clients that trade more actively can use these channels to access highly competitive pricing, expert tools, and extensive service capabilities – including experienced, knowledgeable teams of trading specialists, and integrated product offerings. Management also believes the Company is able to compete with the wide variety of financial services firms striving to attract individual client relationships by complementing these capabilities with a range of investment and banking products.
Schwab strives to educate and assist clients in reaching their financial goals. Educational tools include workshops, webcasts, interactive courses, and online information about investing, from which Schwab does not earn revenue. Additionally, we provide various online research and analysis tools that are designed to help clients achieve better investment outcomes. As an example of such tools, Schwab Equity Ratings® is a quantitative model-based stock rating system that provides all clients with ratings on approximately 3,000 stocks, assigning each equity a single grade: A, B, C, D, or F. Schwab Equity Ratings International®, an international ranking methodology, covers stocks of approximately 4,000 foreign companies.
Clients may seek specific investment recommendations, either from time to time or on an ongoing basis. Schwab provides clients seeking advice with personalized solutions.investors. Our approach to advice is based on long-term investment strategies and guidance on portfolio diversification and asset allocation. This approach is designed to be offered consistently across all of Schwab’s delivery channels.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
premier advisory solution, Schwab Private Client™Client™, features a personal advice relationship with a designated Portfolio Consultant,Private Client Advisor, supported by a team of investment professionals who provide individualized service, a customized investment strategy developed in collaboration with the client, and ongoing guidance and execution.
We also offer referrals to an independent RIA in the Schwab Advisor Network®. These RIAs provide personalized portfolio management, financial planning, and wealth management solutions. For clients seeking a relationship in which investment decisions are fully delegated to a financial professional, Schwab offers several alternatives. We provide investors access to professional investment management in a diversified account that is invested exclusively in either mutual funds or ETFs through the Schwab Managed PortfoliosPortfolios™ and the Windhaven Investment Management® Strategies, or equity securities and ETFs through the ThomasPartners Investment Management® Strategies. Through our acquisition of Wasmer Schroeder in 2020, more than 20 fixed income strategies and new separately
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
managed account offerings have been made available to retail clients beginning in 2021, including two positive impact strategies and a multi-sector income strategy. The positive impact strategies utilize socially responsible investing, or a general investing strategy that considers not only traditional measures of risk and return, but environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors as well. We also refer investors who want to utilize a specific third-party money manager to direct a portion of their investment assets to the Schwab Managed Account™ program. Schwab Intelligent Portfolios®, available since 2015, are for clients who are looking to have their assets professionally managed via a fully automated online investment advisory service. In late 2016, we introduced Schwab Intelligent AdvisoryPortfolios Premium® to offer our clients, a hybrid advisory service, offers clients an advisory service which combines live credentialed professionalsunlimited guidance provided by a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ and algorithm-drivenour robo-advice technology to make financial and investment planning more accessible to investors. Schwab Intelligent Income® is a low-cost solution designed to offer a simple, modern way to generate income from existing investment portfolios.
Clients of TD Ameritrade also have access to a suite of programs designed to meet their specific investment advisory needs. TDA’s Selective Portfolios offers a broader range of goal-oriented portfolios made up of mutual funds and ETFs, through a combination of automated technology and professional insights. TDA’s Personalized Portfolios offers clients tailored portfolios, supported by a team of investment professionals. Finally, TDA’s AdvisorDirect® referral program provides clients who want the assistance ofwith an introduction to an independent professionalRIA that can assist in managingdeveloping customized investment strategies around their financial affairs may be referred to RIAsunique goals.
Further, given our belief in the Schwab Advisor Network. These RIAs provide personalized portfolio management,importance of financial planning, we offer a broad set of planning capabilities addressing a variety of planning needs. Our solutions include simple, free digital retirement calculators, our complimentary Digital Schwab® Plan available to all Schwab clients, as well as more complex planning solutions that are delivered by a Schwab representative who takes into account a client’s personal and wealth management solutions.financial goals to build a tailored financial plan.
To meet the specific needs of clients who actively trade, Schwab offers integrated web- and software-based trading platforms, real-time market data, options trading, premium stock and futures research, and multi-channel access, as well as sophisticated account and trade management features, risk management and decision support tools, and dedicated personal support. For example, clients that trade more actively can use these channels to access highly competitive pricing, expert tools, and extensive service capabilities – including experienced, knowledgeable teams of trading specialists, and integrated product offerings. TD Ameritrade offers clients the robust thinkorswim® trading platform designed for the specialized needs of active traders, the Trading Learning Center to help build client knowledge through sequenced courses, the TDA Network, in-house financial network programming, and a trading community platform allowing traders to share ideas.
For U.S. clients wishing to invest in foreign equities, we offerSchwab offers a suite of global investing capabilities, including online access to certain foreign equity markets with the ability to trade in their local currencies. In addition, Schwab serves both foreign investors and non-English-speaking U.S. clients who wish to trade or invest in U.S. dollar-based securities. In
We also offer clients a range of self-service education and support tools, providing quick and efficient access to a broad lineup of information, research, tools, and administrative services, which clients can access according to their needs. Educational tools include workshops, webcasts, podcasts, interactive courses, and online information about investing, from which Schwab does not earn revenue. Since 2020, we’ve maintained virtual events to engage with retail and institutional clients amidst an unprecedented climate. Additionally, we provide various online research and analysis tools that are designed to help clients achieve better investment outcomes. As an example of analysis tools available to clients, Schwab Equity Ratings® is a quantitative model-based stock rating system that provides all clients with ratings on approximately 3,000 stocks, assigning each equity a single grade: A, B, C, D, or F. Schwab Equity Ratings International®, an international ranking methodology, covers stocks of approximately 4,000 foreign companies. Another example of expanding access to investing includes Schwab Stock Slices™, a service which enables investors to purchase a single stock slice, or up to 10 different stock slices at once, from the U.S., Schwab serves Mandarin-, Cantonese-, Spanish-, and Vietnamese-speaking clientsS&P 500® commission-free through a combination of its branch offices, web-based and telephonic services.our online channels.
We also offer equity compensation plan sponsors full-service recordkeeping for stock plans, stock options, restricted stock, performance shares, and stock appreciation rights.rights, and a full range of participant support services through our Stock Plan Services business unit. Specialized services for executive transactions and reporting, grant acceptance tracking, and other services are offered to employers to meet the needs of administering the reporting and compliance aspects of an equity compensation plan. In addition, we provide software and services for compliance departments of regulated companies and firms with special requirements to monitor employee personal trading, including trade surveillance technology.
Our Retirement Plan Services business unit offers a bundled 401(k) retirement plan product that provides retirement plan sponsors with extensive investment options, trustee or custodial services, and participant-level recordkeeping. Retirement plan design features, which increase plan efficiency and achieve employer goals, are also offered, such as automatic
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
enrollment, automatic fund mapping at conversion, and automatic contribution increases. In addition to an open architecture investment platform, we offer access to low cost index mutual funds and ETFs. Individuals investing for retirement through 401(k) plans can take advantage of bundled offerings of multiple investment choices, education, and third-party advice. This third-party advice service is delivered online, by phone, or in person, including recommendations based on the core investment fund choices in their retirement plan and specific recommended savings rates. Services also include support for Roth 401(k) accounts, profit sharing, and defined benefit plans.plans, non-qualified plans, and Schwab Personal Choice Retirement Account®, a self-directed brokerage offering for retirement plans administered by Retirement Business Services within our Advisor Services segment.
Lastly, the Mutual Fund Clearing Services business unit provides custody, recordkeeping,open-end mutual fund trading, settlement, and tradingrelated transactional services to banks, brokerage firms, and trust companies, and the Off-Platform Sales business unit offers proprietary mutual funds, ETFs, and collective trust funds (CTFs) outside the Company.Company and not on the Schwab platform. They are included within the Investor Services segment given their leveraging of the products and services offered to individual investors.
Advisor Services
More than thirty years ago, Schwab supported a small group of entrepreneurial advisors who challenged the industry by creating independent firms. Through the Advisor Services segment, Schwab has become one of the largest providerproviders of custodial, trading, banking, and support services to RIAs and their clients. We also provide retirement business services to independent retirement advisors and recordkeepers. Management believes that we can maintain our market leadership position primarily
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through the efforts of our sales, support, technology, and business consulting service teams, which are dedicated to helping RIAs grow, compete, and succeed in serving their clients. In addition to focusing on superior service, we utilize technology to provide RIAs with a highly-developed, scalable platform for administering their clients’ assets easily and efficiently. Advisor Services sponsors and hosts a variety of national, regional, local, and localvirtual events designed to help RIAs of all sizes and complexities identify and implement better ways to expand and efficiently manage their practices.
RIAs who custody client accounts at Schwab may use proprietary software that provides them with up-to-date client account information as well as trading capabilities. The Advisor Services website is the core platform for RIAs to conduct daily business activities online with Schwab, including viewing and managing client account information and accessing news and market information. The website provides account servicing capabilities for RIAs, including account opening, money movement, transfer of assets, trading, checking status, and communicating with our service team. The site provides multi-year archiving of statements, trade confirms, and tax reports, along with document search capabilities. We also provide access to integrations with select third-party platforms, which support a variety of advisor needs including client relationship management, portfolio management systems, trade order management, and financial planning. As an example, we offer Schwab Advisor Portfolio Connect®, a simplified portfolio management solution that is available free of charge to advisors to manage Schwab accounts. It delivers core capabilities and features through an intuitive modern experience, without the need to download and reconcile data.
The Advisor Services website also provides interactive tools, educational content, and thought leadership for advisors turning independent. We offer a variety of services to help RIAs grow and manage their practices, including business, technology, and operations consulting on a varietyrange of topics critical to an RIA’s success, as well as an annual RIA benchmarking study to help firms understand key business metrics relative to peers. We also offer an array of services to help advisors establish their own independent practices through a robust prospect consulting offer. To support them throughout their transition, we offer access to business start-up and transition consultants, technology engineers, and dedicated service teams.
Schwab provides a variety ofextensive educational materials, programs, and events to RIAs seeking to expand their knowledge of industry issues and trends, as well as sharpen their individual expertise and practice management skills. We update and share marketconduct industry research on an ongoing basis, and hold a series of events and conferences every year to discuss topics of interest to RIAs, including business strategies and best practices. Schwab sponsors and hosts the annual IMPACT® conference, which provides a national forum for the Company, RIAs, and other industry participants to gather and share information and insights, as well as a multitude of smaller events across the country each year.
RIAs and their clients have access to our broad range of products and services, including individual securities, mutual funds, ETFs, fixed income products, managed accounts, cash products, bank lending, and trust services. By functioning as the custodian, Schwab earns revenue associated with the underlying client assets, invested in our productspredominantly through net interest revenue and utilization of the services we provide.asset management and administration fees. In this capacity, we do not charge an explicit custodialthe RIA or end client a custody fee.
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For RIAs on the TD Ameritrade Institutional platform, TD Ameritrade’s thinkpipes® trading platform offers a multitude of features, including real-time charting and efficient trading and allocation. The Company is working to integrate thinkpipes into its ongoing offerings as well as TD Ameritrade Institutional’s customizable portfolio rebalancing solution iRebal® as part of our offering for RIA clients.
The Advisor Services segment also includes the Retirement Business Services and Corporate Brokerage Retirement Services business units.unit. Retirement Business Services provides trust, custody, and retirement business services to independent retirement plan advisors and independent recordkeepers. Retirement plan assets are held at the BusinessCharles Schwab Trust division of CSB.Bank (Trust Bank) or trusteed by a separate, independent trustee. The Company and independent retirement plan providers work together to serve plan sponsors, combining the consulting and administrative expertise of the administrator with our investment, technology, trust, and custodial services. Retirement Business Services also offers the Schwab Personal Choice Retirement Account®, a self-directed brokerage offering for retirement plans.
Corporate Brokerage Retirement Services serves plan sponsors, advisors,
Sources of Net Revenues
Schwab’s largest sources of net revenues are net interest revenue, asset management and independent recordkeepers seeking a brokerage-basedadministration fees, trading revenue, and bank deposit account to hold retirement plan assets. Retirement plans held at Schwabfees. These revenue streams are either self-trusteed or trusteedsupported by a separate, independent trustee. Corporate Brokerage Retirement Services also offers the Schwab Personal Choice Retirement Account®,combination of bank, broker-dealer, and the Company Retirement Account, bothasset management operating subsidiaries, each of which brings specific capabilities that enable us to provide clients with the products and services they are self-directed brokerage-based solutions designedseeking.
Net interest revenue is the difference between interest generated on interest-earning assets and interest paid on funding sources. Schwab’s primary funding source for interest-earning assets is uninvested client cash balances held on our balance sheet as part of clients’ overall relationship with the Company. Schwab’s interest-earning assets are primarily comprised of high-quality fixed income securities, margin loans, and bank loans.
The majority of asset management and administration fees are earned from proprietary money market mutual funds, proprietary and third-party mutual funds and ETFs, and fee-based advisory solutions.
Trading revenue includes commissions earned for executing trades for clients in certain individual equities, options, futures, fixed income securities, and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs; order flow revenue; and principal transaction revenue earned primarily from actions to holdsupport client trading in fixed income securities. Beginning in the assetsfourth quarter of company-sponsored retirement plans.2019, Schwab eliminated online trading commissions for U.S. and Canadian-listed stocks and ETFs, as well as the base charge on options.
Bank deposit account fees are primarily recognized pursuant to the Company’s IDA agreement, as well as sweep agreements with other third-party depository institutions. Under these agreements, uninvested cash within eligible brokerage client accounts is swept off-balance sheet to deposit accounts at the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party depository institutions. Schwab provides recordkeeping and support services to the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party depository institutions for bank deposit account fees.
Regulation
As a participant in the securities, banking and financial services industries, Schwab is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws by governmental agencies, supervisory authorities, and self-regulatory organizations (SROs). We are also subject to oversight by regulatory bodies in other countries in which we operate. These regulations affect our business operations and impose capital, client protection, and market conduct requirements.
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Holding Company and Bank Regulation
CSC is a savings and loan holding company and is regulated, supervised, and examined by the BoardFederal Reserve. On March 16, 2021, CSC’s declaration electing to be treated as a Financial Holding Company (FHC) was deemed effective by the Federal Reserve. In addition to the activities that a savings and loan holding company that has not elected to be treated as an FHC is permitted to conduct, the Company may now also engage in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to a financial activity (FHC Activities), including securities underwriting, dealing and making markets in securities, various insurance underwriting activities, and making merchant banking investments in non-financial companies.
The Federal Reserve has the authority to limit an FHC’s ability to conduct otherwise permissible FHC Activities if the FHC or any of Governorsits depository institution subsidiaries ceases to meet the applicable eligibility requirements, including requirements
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that the FHC and each of its depository institution subsidiaries maintain their status as “well-capitalized” and “well-managed.” If the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve)finds that an FHC fails to meet these requirements, the FHC and its subsidiaries may not commence any new FHC Activity, either de novo or through an acquisition, without prior Federal Reserve approval. The Federal Reserve may also impose any additional limitations or conditions on the conduct or activities of the FHC or any of its subsidiaries as it deems appropriate. If the FHC still fails to satisfy the applicable eligibility requirements 180 days after the Federal Reserve’s finding, the agency may require divestiture of all of the FHC’s depository institution subsidiaries or, alternatively, the FHC may elect to cease all of its FHC Activities. In addition, if any depository institution controlled by an FHC fails to maintain at least a “Satisfactory” rating under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA), the FHC and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in additional FHC Activities. As a result of our election to be treated as an FHC and the election of our depository institution subsidiaries to be deemed savings associations under the Home Owners’ Loan Act (HOLA), such subsidiaries may be prohibited from making loans or other extensions of credit to any affiliate unless that affiliate engages only in activities permissible under section 4(c) of the Bank Holding Company Act (BHC).
CSC’s three depository institution subsidiaries are CSB, CSC’s principal depository institution subsidiary, Charles Schwab Premier Bank, SSB (CSPB), and Trust Bank. On March 20, 2020, CSB and CSPB converted from federal savings associations headquartered in Henderson, Nevada to Texas-chartered savings banks headquartered in Westlake, Texas. Trust Bank is a federalNevada-chartered savings bank headquartered in Henderson, Nevada. CSB and isCSPB are currently regulated, supervised, and examined by the OfficeFederal Reserve, the Texas Department of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC),Savings and Mortgage Lending, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).FDIC. Trust Bank is currently regulated, supervised and examined by the Nevada Financial Institutions Division, the CFPB, and the FDIC. CSC, CSB, CSPB, and CSBTrust Bank are also subject to regulation and various requirements and restrictions under state and other federal laws.
This regulatory framework is designed to protect depositors and consumers, the safety and soundness of depository institutions and their holding companies, and the stability of the banking system as a whole. This framework affects the activities and investments of CSC and its subsidiaries and gives the regulatory authorities broad discretion in connection with their supervisory, examination and enforcement activities and policies. Below is a discussion of significant regulations. Also see “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Current Regulatory Environment and Other Developments” for information regarding significant proposed rulemaking related to our regulation.
Basel IIIRegulatory Capital and Liquidity Framework
Banking organizations are subject to the regulatory capital rules issued by the Federal Reserve and other U.S. banking regulators, including the OCCOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the FDIC. In addition to minimum risk-based capital requirements, banking organizations must hold additional capital, referred to as a capital conservation buffer,buffers, to avoid being subject to limits on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.
ForIn October 2019, the calculation ofFederal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC jointly adopted a banking organization’sfinal rule which became effective on December 31, 2019 (interagency regulatory capital and risk-weighted assets,liquidity rules) that revised the regulatory capital and liquidity requirements for large U.S. banking organizations with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets. The rules provideestablished four risk-based categories for a “standardized approach” frameworkdetermining the regulatory capital and an “advanced approaches” framework. Depositoryliquidity requirements applicable to these institutions andbased on their holding companies with consolidated total assets, cross-jurisdictional activity, weighted short-term wholesale funding, nonbank assets, and off-balance sheet exposure. CSC is subject to the requirements under Category III based on its total consolidated assets of between $250 billion and less than $700 billion and having less than $75 billion in cross-jurisdictional activity. If the average of our total consolidated assets for the four most recent calendar quarters is $700 billion or more, or total on-balance-sheet foreign exposurethe average of $10our cross-jurisdictional activity for the four most recent calendar quarters is $75 billion or more, are required to calculate their regulatorywe will move into Category II. As of December 31, 2021, CSC had total consolidated assets of approximately $670 billion and cross-jurisdictional activity of approximately $32 billion.
Capital requirements for Category III banking organizations include the generally applicable risk-based capital and risk-weighted assets using an “advanced approaches” framework and must satisfyTier 1 leverage ratio requirements (the “standardized approach” framework), the minimum capital requirements under both approaches. Such companies must also maintain a minimum3.0% supplementary leverage ratio, the countercyclical capital buffer, which is currently 0%, and for large bank holding companies, the stress capital buffer. As discussed below, starting in 2022, CSC, as a large savings and loan holding company will also become subject to the stress capital buffer requirement. Under the revised capital requirements, Category III organizations are not subject to the “advanced approaches” regulatory capital framework and are permitted to opt out of at least 3.0%, must includeincluding accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) in their calculationregulatory capital calculations. CSC made this opt out election, and commencing with the first quarter of their capital ratios,2020, now excludes AOCI from its regulatory capital. Category II organizations are subjectnot permitted to an incremental capital bufferopt out of up to 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital if imposed by the banking agencies, referred to as the countercyclical capital buffer, and are subject to certain other enhanced provisions, including additional reporting requirements. Once a banking organization becomes subject to the “advanced approaches” framework, the banking organization and its subsidiary depository institutions must adopt written implementation plans and complete satisfactory parallel runs of at least four consecutive quarters during which they must calculate their risk-weighted assets under both the “advanced approaches” and “standardized approach” framework. The Federal banking agencies will notify the banking organization and its subsidiaries when they determine that the banking organization and its subsidiaries have completed satisfactory parallel runs, which may take several years. The Federal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC have recently granted extensions and exemptions to CSC and its banking subsidiaries such that they will not be required to submit implementation plans until June 30, 2020. As a result of crossing the $250 billion threshold in 2018, CSC and its banking subsidiaries are subject to all other advanced approaches requirements – the supplementary leverage ratio, the inclusion of AOCI in the calculation oftheir regulatory capital calculations and have additional requirements for calculating risk-based capital ratios and risk-weighted assets.
As revised by the countercyclicalinteragency regulatory capital buffer, which is currently 0%.
Theand liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) rule requiresrules, Category III banking organizations with consolidated total assets of $250less than
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$75 billion or more, or total on-balance-sheet foreign exposure of $10 billion or morein average weighted short-term wholesale funding and their depository institution subsidiaries with $10 billion or more in total consolidated assets are subject to a reduced liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) rule requiring them to hold high quality liquid assets (HQLA) in an amount equal to at least 100%85% of their projected net cash outflows over a prospective 30-calendar-day period of acute liquidity stress, calculated on each business day. OtherIf an institution’s average weighted short-term wholesale funding over the four most recent quarters is $75 billion or more, it will be required to comply with the full LCR rule and hold HQLA in an amount equal to 100% of its projected 30-day net cash outflows and will also be subject to daily (instead of monthly) liquidity reporting. We exceeded the $75 billion threshold as of the quarter ended March 31, 2021, and became subject to daily liquidity reporting on July 1, 2021, and the full LCR rule on October 1, 2021.
In October 2020, the Federal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC jointly adopted a final net stable funding ratio (NSFR) rule to strengthen the resilience of large bank and savings and loan holding companies by requiring them to maintain a minimum level of stable funding based on the liquidity characteristics of the holding company’s assets, commitments, and derivative exposures over a one-year time horizon. The requirement is expressed as a ratio of a banking entity’s available stable funding (ASF) to its required stable funding (RSF). Category III banking organizations with less than $75 billion in average weighted short-term wholesale funding and their depository institution subsidiaries with $10 billion or more in total consolidated assets are required to maintain ASF in an amount at least equal to 85% of $50its RSF on an ongoing, daily basis. The final NSFR rule became effective on July 1, 2021, and banking entities subject to the rule will be required to publicly disclose their quarterly NSFRs on a semi-annual basis beginning with the first and second quarters of 2023. As a result of our average weighted short-term wholesale funding exceeding the$75 billion or morethreshold, we became subject to daily reporting of the NSFR to the Federal Reserve on July 1, 2021, and became subject to the full (100%) NSFR on October 1, 2021.
Certain banking organizations with trading assets and trading liabilities above thresholds are subject to the Market Risk Rule and must adjust their risk-based capital ratios to reflect a modified LCR rule requiring them to hold HQLA in an amount equal to at least 70%measure of market risk of their projected net cash outflows over the 30-day period, calculated as of the last business day of the month. While we are currently subjecttrading activities, perform calculations to the modified LCR rule, wemeasure market risk, including back-testing, and make regular quantitative and qualitative public disclosures. CSC will become subject to the full LCR rule at the beginning of the second quarter of 2019.later in 2022.
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Capital Stress Testing
SavingsIn the final enhanced prudential standards rules adopted concurrently in October 2019 with the interagency regulatory capital and liquidity rules, the Federal Reserve revised the capital stress testing regime applicable to savings and loan holding companies and federalstate-chartered member banks. Under the new Federal Reserve capital stress testing rules, savings banksand loan holding companies that are Category III banking organizations are required to conduct biennial company-run stress tests in even-numbered years beginning in 2020. In 2020, CSC conducted company-run stress tests, reported the results of its stress testing to the Federal Reserve, and voluntarily published a summary of its stress test results. A Category II banking organization is subject to annual company-run stress testing.
In its enhanced prudential standards rules, the Federal Reserve also made Category III savings and loan holding companies subject to an annual supervisory stress testing requirement in which the Federal Reserve conducts its own stress testing analysis to evaluate the ability of a holding company to absorb losses in specified economic and financial conditions over a nine-quarter planning horizon using such analytical techniques as the agency determines are appropriate. This supervisory stress testing requirement will go into effect for CSC beginning with the 2022 stress testing cycle. To implement this requirement, the Federal Reserve also expanded the reporting requirements applicable to savings and loan holding companies commencing in the second quarter of 2020.
In January 2021, the Federal Reserve adopted a new rule making savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of $100 billion or more, than $10 billion are required to conduct annual company-run stress tests using certain scenarios and prescribed stress-testing methodologies under the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test (DFAST) rules.including CSC, reports the results to the Federal Reserve and CSB reports to the OCC. Both publish summaries of their stress test results.
As a savings and loan holding company, CSC is not subject to thean annual Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) process, which requires certain financial institutions to submitsubmission of an annual capital plansplan to the Federal Reserve. The rule also imposes a stress capital buffer requirement, floored at 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets, that will replace CSC’s current 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer. The capital plan requirement became effective for CSC with the 2022 CCAR cycle, and CSC’s initial stress capital buffer requirement will be based on its 2022 CCAR stress testing results.
Additional Enhanced Prudential Standards
In addition to the revisions to the capital stress testing regime discussed above, the Federal Reserve’s enhanced prudential standards rules also extended the applicability of certain additional enhanced prudential standards to large savings and loan holding companies, with the specific requirements tailored based on the same four-category framework utilized in the interagency regulatory capital and liquidity rules. These additional enhanced prudential standards, which have been
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applicable to large U.S. bank holding companies under section 165 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), include: risk management and risk committee requirements; liquidity risk management, stress testing, and buffer requirements; and single counterparty credit limits. CSC was required to comply with the new risk management and risk committee requirements, as well as the new liquidity risk-management, stress testing, and buffer requirements commencing on January 1, 2021. The single counterparty credit limits went into effect for CSC on January 1, 2022.
Insured Depository Institution Resolution Plans
The FDIC requires insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more to submit to the FDIC periodic plans providing for their resolution by the FDIC in the event of failure (resolution plans or so-called “living wills”) under the receivership and liquidation provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. Under this requirement, CSB ishas been required to file with the FDIC a periodic resolution plan demonstrating how the bank could be resolved in an orderly and timely manner in the event of receivership such that the FDIC would be able to: ensure that the bank’s depositors receive access to their deposits within one business day; maximize the net present value of the bank’s assets when disposed of; and minimize losses incurred by the bank’s creditors. In April 2019, the FDIC imposed a moratorium on resolution plan submissions. In January 2021, the FDIC announced that it would resume requiring resolution plan submissions for insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of $100 billion or more and in June 2021, the FDIC announced a modified resolution plan approach for these insured depository institutions which extends the submission frequency to a three-year cycle, streamlines content requirements, and places enhanced emphasis on engagement with firms.
As a savings and loan holding company, CSC is not subject to any separate holding company resolution plan requirement.
Consumer Financial Protection
The CFPB has broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement authority for a wide range of federal consumer protection laws relating to financial products. The CFPB has examination and primary enforcement authority over depository institutions with $10 billion or more in consolidated total assets.
Deposit Insurance Assessments
The FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) provides insurance coverage for certain deposits, generally up to $250,000 per depositor per account ownership type, and is funded by quarterly assessments on insured depository institutions. The FDIC uses a risk-based deposit premium assessment system that, for large insured depository institutions with at least $10 billion in total consolidated assets, uses a scorecard method based on a number of factors, including the institution’s regulatory ratings, asset quality and brokered deposits. The deposit insurance assessment base is calculated as average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity.
Brokered Deposits
In July 2016,December 2020, the FDIC imposedadopted amendments to its brokered deposits rule to establish a flat-rate quarterly surcharge on insurednew framework for determining whether deposits made through arrangements between third parties and depository institutions constitute brokered deposits and more specifically to clarify the circumstances under which broker-dealers that place deposits with total assetsdepository institutions through brokerage sweep arrangements such as CS&Co and TDAC qualify for the “primary purpose exception” from the definition of $10 billion or more and certain of their bank affiliates to pay for an increase toa deposit broker. Under the DIF from 1.15% to 1.35% of the assessment base. As a result, Schwab’s banking subsidiaries became subject to an additional 4.5 basis point surcharge on the amount of their aggregate assessment base in excess of $10 billion. In the third quarter of 2018, the DIF ratio exceeded 1.35%, andnew framework, the FDIC eliminatedestablished a new “25 percent” business relationship designated exception where a broker-dealer or other third party may qualify for the surcharge beginning inprimary purpose exception by filing a notice with the fourth quarter.FDIC indicating that less than 25 percent of its customer assets under administration for a particular business line are placed at depository institutions. The FDIC’s brokered deposit rule amendments became effective on April 1, 2021. Under the new framework, funds swept by our broker-dealer subsidiaries to CSB and Schwab’s other depository institution subsidiaries continue to qualify for the primary purpose exception.
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Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA)CRA requires the primary federal bank regulatory agency for each of Schwab’s depository institution subsidiaries to assess the subsidiary’s record in meeting the credit needs of the communities served by the bank, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods and persons. Institutions are assigned one of four ratings (“outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “substantial noncompliance”). The failure of an institution to receive at least a “satisfactory” rating could inhibit the institution or its holding company from undertaking certain activities, including acquisitions or opening branch offices.
Source of Strength
The Dodd-Frank Act codified the Federal Reserve’s long-held position that a depository institution holding company must serve as a source of financial strength for its subsidiary depository institutions, the so-called “source of strength doctrine.” In effect, the holding company may be compelled to commit resources to support the subsidiary in the event the subsidiary is in financial distress.
Volcker Rule
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CSC and its subsidiaries are subject to the Volcker Rule, which generally prohibits proprietary trading or acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in, sponsoring, or having certain relationships with hedge funds and private equity funds, subject to certain exemptions, in each case as the applicable terms are defined in the Volcker Rule and the implementing regulations.
Broker-Dealer, FCM, FDM, and Investment Advisor Regulation
Schwab’sOur principal broker-dealer is CS&Co.subsidiaries, CS&Co, isTD Ameritrade, Inc., and TDAC, are each registered as a broker-dealer with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)(SEC or Commission), the fifty states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. CS&Co, TD Ameritrade, Inc., CSIM, and CSIMcertain of our other subsidiaries are registered as investment advisors with the SEC. Additionally, CS&CoCharles Schwab Futures and Forex LLC (CSFF, formerly known as TD Ameritrade Futures & Forex LLC) is regulated byregistered as an FCM and FDM with the CommoditiesCommodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) with respect to the commodity futures and trading activities it conducts as an introducing broker..
Much of the regulation of broker-dealers has been delegated to SROs. CS&Co is a memberOur principal broker-dealers are each members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA), and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB),. In addition, CS&Co is a member of Nasdaq Stock Market, Cboe EDGX and MEMX, and TDAC is a member of NYSE Arca, Nasdaq Stock Market, Cboe EDGX and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).MEMX. In addition to the SEC, the primary regulators of CS&Coour principal broker-dealers are FINRA and, for municipal securities, the MSRB. The National Futures Association (NFA) is CS&Co’sthe primary regulator for CSFF’s futures, commodities, and commoditiesforex trading activities.
The principal purpose of regulating broker-dealers and investment advisorsthese entities is the protection of clients and securities markets. The regulations cover all aspects of the securities business, including, among other things, sales and trading practices, publication of research, margin lending, uses and safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities, capital adequacy, recordkeeping and reporting, fee arrangements, disclosure to clients, fiduciary duties, and the conduct of directors, officers, and employees.
CS&Co isOur principal broker-dealer entities are subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Uniform Net Capital Rule) and related SRO requirements. The CFTC and NFA also impose net capital requirements. The Uniform Net Capital Rule specifies minimum capital requirements intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. CSC itself is not a registered broker-dealer and it is not subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule. If CS&Co fails to maintain specified levels of net capital, such failure could constitute a default by CSC of certain debt covenants under its credit agreement.
The Uniform Net Capital Rule prohibits CS&Cobroker-dealers from paying cash dividends, making unsecured advances or loans or repaying subordinated loans if such payment would result in a net capital amount of less than 5% of aggregate debit balances or less than 120% of its minimum dollar requirement of $250,000.requirement.
In addition to net capital requirements, as a self-clearing broker-dealer, CS&Co, isand as a clearing broker-dealer, TDAC, are subject to cash deposit and collateral requirements with clearing houses, such as the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation and Options Clearing Corporation, which may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of clients’ trading activity and market volatility.
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As a result of our operations in countries outside the U.S., we are also subject to rules and regulations issued by certain foreign authorities, including the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the U.K.,United Kingdom, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in Hong Kong, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) in Singapore, and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) in Australia.Singapore.
Financial Services Regulation
Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 and USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
CSC and its subsidiaries that conduct financial services activities are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (BSA), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, which requires financial institutions to develop and implement programs reasonably designed to achieve compliance with these regulations. The BSA and USA PATRIOT Act include a variety of monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements (such as currency transaction reporting and suspicious activity reporting), as well as identity verification and client due diligence requirements which are intended to detect, report and/or prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism. In addition, CSC and various subsidiaries of the Company are subject to U.S. sanctions programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Human Capital
We believe that hiring people who share our corporate purpose of helping clients achieve their financial goals is an essential element of executing our “Through Clients’ Eyes” strategy, and we seek to attract, retain, and motivate the talent Schwab needs to successfully serve our clients and grow our business. As of December 31, 2021, Schwab had full-time, part-time, and temporary employees, and persons employed on a contract basis, that represented the equivalent of approximately 33,400 full-time employees.
Schwab offers a compensation package that rewards both employee and company performance. The package encompasses an array of compensation components in addition to base pay including performance-based incentive pay, equity awards, recognition awards, and a range of health and wellness benefits. We also offer benefits and resources designed to help our employees achieve their financial goals, including a 401(k) plan, an employee stock purchase plan, financial planning consultations, and disability and life insurance options. In addition, Schwab offers programs to help with employee career growth including development and leadership programs as well as reimbursement for qualified business-related education and training. We also encourage and empower employees to volunteer in the communities where we live and work, offering paid time off for every employee to volunteer in his or her community.
As we move through the COVID-19 pandemic, we’ve created a Workplace Flexibility Program (WFP) to provide managers and employees with greater flexibility with remote work options. The WFP is designed to balance the importance our employees place on workplace flexibility with the benefit of in-person interactions to train and learn from one another, build human connections, and maintain Schwab’s culture as we serve our clients.
We know that through workplace diversity, we gain a wider range of perspectives and experiences, which supports our strategy and helps us better serve our clients. We focus on attracting a diversity of talent by maintaining a strong employer brand and expanding where and how we meet prospective employees. We recruit from underrepresented communities through targeted campus recruiting, scholarship programs, and partnerships with professional organizations. We also offer coaching programs for college students from underrepresented communities to help develop career skills and learn about internship and career opportunities at Schwab. For Schwab employees, we support a number of Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) which are employee-driven and provide support, leadership development opportunities, and connection to our diverse marketplace. Our ERGs are made up of employees who share characteristics or life experiences and are committed to enhancing diversity and inclusion at Schwab. Additionally, our leaders are explicitly responsible for creating an environment where all people can do their best work, and for fostering the development of high-performance teams that recognize the value of diverse perspectives, skills and backgrounds. We regularly request feedback from our employees through surveys.
Available Information
Schwab files annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC filings are available to the public over the internet on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov.
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On our website, https://www.aboutschwab.com, we post the following filings after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
addition, the website also includes the Dodd-Frank Act stress test results, our regulatory capital disclosures based on Basel III, and our quarterly average LCR.
All such filings are available free of charge either on our website or by request via email (investor.relations@schwab.com), telephone (415-667-7000), or mail (Charles Schwab Investor Relations at 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105).
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We face a variety of risks that may affect our operations, financial results, or stock price and many of those risks are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict. The following discussion addresses those risks that management believes are the most significant, although there may be other risks that could arise, or may prove to be more significant than expected, that may affect our operations or financial results.
For a discussion of our risk management governance and processes, including operational risk, compliance risk, credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk, see Risk Management and Capital Management in Part II, Item 7.
Economic and Market Risks
The challenging economic environment triggered by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted and will continue to impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The onset of the COVID‑19 pandemic adversely impacted the economic environment and credit markets, leading to lower interest rates across the curve, heightened volatility in the financial markets, and market-driven credit spread movements in certain sectors within our portfolio of investment securities. Although certain economic conditions improved in 2021, the pandemic continues to evolve and certain impacts of the pandemic, including short-term interest rates, may continue to have a negative impact on our net interest revenue, bank deposit account fee revenue, and asset management and administration fees. Additionally, in March 2020, we experienced a significant increase in client cash balances held at our bank and broker-dealer subsidiaries which caused our Tier 1 Leverage Ratio to decline into the buffer we maintain between our long-term operating objective and our regulatory requirement. We will continue to have limits on our ability to return excess capital to stockholders, including through share repurchases, until the ratio returns to higher levels.
The pandemic has also impacted our client service quality at times. Certain of our client service response and processing times increased as a result of very high levels of client engagement and our clients experienced and may continue to occasionally experience delays accessing and using our website and mobile applications. While we have focused on hiring additional client service employees, we, like many employers, continue to face challenges retaining and hiring employees. In addition, we recently experienced and may again experience staffing shortages at our call centers and branches due to the rapid spread of new variants of COVID-19. Many of our employees and those of our outsourced service providers are working remotely and this has at times contributed to the increase in response and processing times, particularly when we have experienced the temporary loss of services from some of our outsourced service providers. We consider service quality to be an important part of the client experience and our failure to meet client expectations could result in decreased client satisfaction.
These and other impacts of the COVID‑19 pandemic have had and will likely continue to have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section. The extent to which the COVID‑19 pandemic, or the emergence of another wide-spread health crisis, impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the scope and duration of the outbreak, actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the financial and economic impact and the spread of the outbreak, the effect on our clients, employees, and outsourced service providers, changes in credit quality and spreads, and reactions in the financial markets.
Developments in the business, economic, and geopolitical environment could negatively impact our business.
Our business can be adversely affected by the general environment – economic, corporate, securities market, regulatory, and geopolitical developments all play a role in client asset valuations, trading activity, interest rates, and overall investor engagement, and are outside of our control. Deterioration in the housing and credit markets, reduction in short-term interest rates, and decreases in securities valuations negatively impact our results of operations and capital resources.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, which regulates the supply of money and credit in the United States, have a significant effect on our operating results. Actions taken by the Federal Reserve, including changes in its target funds rate and balance sheet management, are difficult to predict and can affect our net interest revenue and bank deposit account fees. These policies could also have implications for clients’ allocation to cash; higher or lower client cash balances have an impact on our capital requirements as well as liquidity implications if such changes in allocation are sudden.
A significant change in client cash allocations could negatively impact our income.
We rely heavily on client cash balances to generate revenue. Cash awaiting investment in a portion of our client brokerage accounts is swept to our banking subsidiaries and those bank deposits are then used to extend loans to clients and purchase investment securities. We also sweep a portion of such cash to unconsolidated third-party financial institutions pursuant to the IDA agreement and agreements with other third-party financial institutions, through which we earn bank deposit account fees. A significant reduction in our clients’ allocation to cash, a change in the allocation of that cash, or a transfer of cash away from the Company, could reduce our income.
Significant interest rate changes could affect our profitability.
The direction and level of interest rates are important factors in our earnings. A decline in interest rates may have a negative impact on our net interest revenue and our bank deposit account fee revenue. A low interest rate environment may also have a negative impact on our asset management and administration fee revenues when we have to waive a portion of our management fees for certain Schwab-sponsored money market mutual funds in order to continue providing a positive return to clients. The significant reduction in interest rates related to the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will continue to have, a negative impact on our revenue related to interest rates and has caused us to waive management fees for certain funds.
Although we believe we are positioned to benefit from a rising interest rate environment, a rise in interest rates may cause our funding costs to increase if market conditions or the competitive environment induces us to raise our interest rates to avoid losing deposits, or replace deposits with higher cost funding sources without offsetting increases in yields on interest-earning assets can reduce our net interest revenue.
The announced phase-out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) could negatively impact our net interest revenue and will continue to require operational work.
Certain securities in our investment portfolio, the floating rate loans we offered, and certain series of our outstanding preferred stock reference LIBOR as the benchmark rate to determine the applicable interest rate, payment amount or floating dividend rates. While we have substantially transitioned our financial models and systems away from LIBOR, in limited circumstances we still use LIBOR. When LIBOR is discontinued as announced, there will be uncertainty or differences in the calculation of the applicable interest rate or payment amount depending on the terms of the governing instruments. This could result in different financial performance for previously booked transactions. The calculation of interest rates under the replacement benchmarks could also impact our net interest revenue. LIBOR may also perform differently during the phase-out period than in the past which could result in lower interest payments and a reduction in the value of certain securities in our investment portfolio. In addition, further operational work will be required to transition our legacy loan portfolio to alternate reference rates that are consistent with the fallback language included in the contracts. See also Part II – Item 7. – Risk Management for additional information regarding the Company’s consideration of the phase-out of LIBOR.
Compliance Risks
Extensive regulation of our businesses may subject us to significant penaltiesor limitations on business activities.
As a participant in the securities, banking, and financial services industries, we are subject to extensive regulation under federal, state, and foreign laws by governmental agencies, supervisory authorities and SROs. The costs and uncertainty related to complying with such regulations continue to increase. These regulations affect our business operations and impose capital, client protection,protection, and market conduct requirements on us.us as well as restrictions on the activities that we are allowed to conduct. We become subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny as we grow.
In addition to specific banking laws and regulations, our banking regulatorsRegulators have broad discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies and could prevent us from pursuing our business strategy. Regulators could also limit our ability to grow, including adding assets, launching new products, making acquisitions, and undertaking strategic investments. Our banking regulators could require CSC and/or our banking subsidiaries to hold more capital, increase liquidity, or limit their ability to pay dividends or CSC’s ability to repurchase or redeem shares. The banking regulators could also limit our ability to grow, including adding assets, launching new products, making acquisitions, and undertaking strategic investments. Other potential regulatory actions include limiting our banking subsidiaries’ ability to accept deposits swept from client brokerage accounts and brokered deposits and preventing us from pursuing our business strategy.
Despite our efforts to comply with applicable legal requirements, there are a
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
number of risks, particularly in areas where applicable laws or regulations may be unclear or where regulators could revise their previous guidance. Any enforcement actions or other proceedings brought by our regulators against us or our affiliates, officers or employees could result in fines, penalties, cease and desist orders, enforcement actions, suspension, disqualification or expulsion, or other disciplinary sanctions, including limitations on our business activities, any of which could harm our reputation and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
While we maintain systems and procedures designed to ensure that we comply with applicable laws and regulations, violations could occur. In addition, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though systems and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations were in place at the time. There may be other negative consequences resulting from a finding of noncompliance, including restrictions on certain activities. Such a finding may also damage our reputation and our relationships with our regulators and could restrict the ability of institutional investment managers to invest in our securities.
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Legislation or changes in rules and regulations could negatively affect our business and financial results.
New legislation, rules, regulations and guidance, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing federal, state, foreign and SRO rules, regulations and guidance, including changes relating to mutual funds, broker-dealer fiduciary duties andstandards of conduct with clients, conflicts of interest, regulatory treatment of deposit accounts, and order routing practices and order-related revenues may directly affect the operationour operations and profitability of Schwab or itsour specific business lines. Our profitability could also be affected by rules and regulations that impact the business and financial communities generally, including changes to the laws governing taxation, electronic commerce, client privacy and security of client data. In addition, the rules and regulations could result in limitations on the lines of business we conduct, modifications to our business practices, more stringent capital and liquidity requirements, increased deposit insurance assessments or additional costs and could limit our ability to return capital to stockholders. These changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to evaluate and make necessary changes to our compliance, risk management, treasury and operations functions.
Failure to meet capital adequacy and liquidity guidelines could affect our financial condition.
CSC, together with its banking, broker-dealer, and broker-dealerFCM/FDM subsidiaries, must meet certain capital and liquidity standards, subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about the adequacy of Schwab’sour capital and Schwab’sour internal assessment of itsour capital needs. The Uniform Net Capital Rule limits CS&Co’sthe ability of our broker-dealer entities to transfer capital to CSC and other affiliates. New regulatory capital, liquidity, capital planning, and stress testing requirements may limit or otherwise restrict how we utilize our capital, including paying dividends, stock repurchases, and redemptions, and may require us to increase our capital and/or liquidity or to limit our growth. Failure by either CSC or its banking subsidiaries to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a negative impact on us. In addition, failure by CSC or our banking subsidiaries to maintain a sufficient amount of capital to satisfy their capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer requirements would result in restrictions on our ability to make capital distributions and discretionary cash bonus payments to executive officers. Any requirement that we increase our regulatory capital, replace certain capital instruments which presently qualify as Tier 1 Capital, or increase regulatory capital ratios or liquidity, could require us to liquidate assets, deleverage or otherwise change our business and/or investment plans, which may adversely affect our financial results. Issuing additional common stock would dilute the ownership of existing stockholders.
In 2018, we crossedJanuary 2021, the threshold for becomingFederal Reserve adopted a final rule, effective with the 2022 CCAR cycle, making large savings and loan holding companies, including CSC, subject to the “advanced approaches” framework. WeCCAR process, which requires submission of an annual capital plan. The plan must include a description of all planned capital actions, including dividends or stock repurchases, over a nine-quarter planning horizon beginning with the first quarter of the calendar year the capital plan is submitted. The rule also imposes a stress capital buffer requirement, floored at 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets, that will replace CSC’s current 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer for our risk-based capital ratios. The stress capital buffer will equal, as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets, the sum of (i) the difference between a firm’s starting common equity Tier 1 capital ratio and the low point under the severely adverse scenario of the Federal Reserve’s supervisory stress test plus (ii) the ratio of the firm’s projected four quarters of common stock dividends for the fourth through seventh quarters of the planning horizon to risk-weighted assets as projected under CCAR. The imposition of a stress capital buffer requirement could change the way in which our minimum risk-based capital ratios are currentlycalculated and make us subject to a supplementary leverage ratio and related disclosure requirements, the inclusion of AOCI in regulatoryprogressively more stringent constraints on capital and the countercyclical capital buffer, and will become subjectactions if we approach our minimum ratios. This could lead to the full LCR in the second quarter of 2019. In addition, federal banking agencies have broad discretion and could require CSC or its banking subsidiariesrestrictions on our ability to hold higher levels of capitalpay or increase liquidity above the applicable regulatory requirements.dividends or otherwise return capital to stockholders.
Significant interest rate changes could affect our profitability.
The direction and level of interest rates are important factors in our earnings. A decline in interest rates may have a negative impact on our net interest revenue. A low interest rate environment may also have a negative impact on our asset management and administration fee revenues if we have to waive a portion of our management fees for certain Schwab-sponsored money market mutual funds in order to continue providing a positive return to clients.
Although we believe we are positioned to benefit from a rising interest rate environment, a rise in interest rates may cause our funding costs to increase if market conditions or the competitive environment induces us to raise our interest rates to avoid losing deposits, or replace deposits with higher cost funding sources without offsetting increases in yields on interest-earning assets can reduce our net interest revenue.
The expected phase-out of LIBOR could negatively impact our net interest revenue and require significant operational work.
Certain securities in our investment portfolio and the floating rate loans we offer reference LIBOR as the benchmark rate to determine the applicable interest rate or payment amount. We also use LIBOR in many of our financial models, such as those used for capital stress testing, and to determine the dividend rates for certain of our series of preferred stock which begin to float in 2022 and later. If LIBOR is discontinued after 2021 as expected, there will be uncertainty or differences in the calculation of the applicable interest rate or payment amount depending on the terms of the governing instruments and
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If the average of CSC’s total consolidated assets for four consecutive calendar quarters reaches $700 billion, or if the average of cross-jurisdictional activity for four consecutive calendar quarters reaches $75 billion, CSC will become subject to more stringent Category II requirements, including annual stress testing, the advanced approaches framework, and the inability to opt out of including AOCI in regulatory capital calculations. At December 31, 2021, CSC had approximately $670 billion in total assets and cross-jurisdictional activity of approximately $32 billion.
there will
We are subject to litigation and regulatory investigations and proceedings and may not be successful in defending against claims or proceedings.
The financial services industry faces significant work requiredlitigation and regulatory risks. We are subject to transitionclaims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, some of which include claims for substantial or unspecified damages. We are also the subject of inquiries, investigations, and proceedings by regulatory and other governmental agencies.
Litigation and arbitration claims include those brought by our clients and the clients of third party advisors whose assets are custodied with us. Claims from clients of third party advisors may allege losses due to investment decisions made by the third party advisors or the advisors’ misconduct. Litigation claims also include claims from third parties alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights (e.g., patents). Such litigation can require the expenditure of significant company resources. If we were found to have infringed on a third-party patent, or other intellectual property rights, we could incur substantial damages, and in some circumstances could be enjoined from using certain technology, or providing certain products or services.
Actions brought against us may result in settlements, awards, injunctions, fines, penalties or other results adverse to us, including reputational harm. Even if we are successful in defending against these actions, the new benchmark rates and implement necessary changesdefense of such matters may result in us incurring significant expenses. A substantial judgment, settlement, fine, or penalty could be material to our systemsoperating results or cash flows for a particular future period, depending on our results for that period. In market downturns and periods of heightened volatility, the volume of legal claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial models. This could result in different financial performance for previously booked transactions and may impact our existing transaction data, products, systems, operations, and pricing processes. The calculation of interest rates under the replacement benchmarks could also impact our net interest revenue. In addition, LIBOR may perform differently during the phase-out period than in the past which could result in lower interest payments and a reduction in the value of certain securities in our investment portfolio.services companies have historically increased.
A significant change in client cash allocations could negatively impact our net interest revenue.
We rely heavily on bank deposits as a low cost source of funding to extend loans to clients and purchase investment securities. Our bank deposits are primarily driven by our bank sweep feature when cash awaiting investment in our client brokerage accounts is swept to our banking subsidiaries. A significant reduction in our clients’ allocation to cash, a change in the allocation of that cash, or a transfer of cash away from the Company, could reduce net interest revenue.Operational Risk
Security breaches of our systems, or those of our clients or third parties, may subject us to significant liability and damage Schwab’sour reputation.
Our business involves the secure processing, storage, and transmission of confidential information about our clients and us. Information security risks for financial institutions are increasing, in part because of the use of the internet and mobile and cloud technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, activists, hackers and other external parties, including foreign state actors. Our systems and those of other financial institutions have been and are likely towill continue to be the target of cyber attacks, malicious code, computer viruses, ransomware,and denial of service attacks that could result in unauthorized access, misuse, loss or destruction of data (including confidential client information), account takeovers, unavailability of service or other events. Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems, we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently or are not recognized until launched, and because security attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical means, for example, employee misconduct.
Given the high volume of transactions that we process, the large number of clients, counterparties and third-party service providers with which we do business, including cloud service providers, and the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks, a cyber attack could occur and persist for an extended period of time before being detected. The extent of a particular cyber attack and the steps we may need to take to investigate the attack may not be immediately clear, and it may take a significant amount of time before an investigation is completed and full and reliable information about the attack is known. During such time we would not necessarily know the extent of the harm or how best to remediate it, and certain errors or actions could be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and remediated, all or any of which would further increase the costs and consequences of a cyber attack.
Security breaches, including breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or clients, could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws and could subject us to significant liability or loss that may not be covered by insurance, actions by our regulators, damage to Schwab’sour reputation, or a loss of confidence in our security measures
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
which could harm our business. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures.
We also face risk related to external fraud involving the misappropriation and use of clients’ user names, passwords or other personal information to gain access to our clients’ financial accounts at Schwab.accounts. This could occur from the compromise of clients’ personal electronic devices or as a result of a data security breach at an unrelated company where clients’ personal information is taken and then made available to fraudsters. Such risk has grown in recent years due to the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime and other external parties, including foreign state-sponsored parties. Losses reimbursed to clients under our guarantee against unauthorized account activity could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Technology and operational failures or errors could subject us to losses, litigation, regulatory actions, and reputational damage.
We must process, record and monitor a large number of transactions and our operations are highly dependent on the integrity of our technology systems and our ability to make timely enhancements and additions to our systems. System interruptions,
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
errors or downtime can result from a variety of causes, including changes in client use patterns, technological failure, changes to our systems, linkages with third-party systems and power failures and can have a significant impact on our business and operations. Our systems are vulnerable to disruptions from human error, execution errors, errors in models such as those used for asset management, capital planning and management, risk management, stress testing and compliance, employee misconduct, unauthorized trading, external fraud, computer viruses, distributed denial of service attacks, cyber attacks, terrorist attacks, natural disaster, extreme weather, power outage, capacity constraints, software flaws, events impacting key business partners and vendors, and similar events. For example, Schwabwe and other financial institutions have been the target of various denial of service attacks that have, in certain circumstances, made websites, mobile applications and email unavailable for periods of time. Cloud technologies are critical to the operation of our systems and platforms and our reliance on cloud technologies is growing. Cloud service disruptions may lead to delays in accessing data that is important to our businesses and may hinder our clients’ access to our platforms. It could take an extended period of time to restore full functionality to our technology or other operating systems in the event of an unforeseen occurrence, which could affect our ability to process and settle client transactions. Moreover, instances of fraud or other misconduct might also negatively impact Schwab’sour reputation and client confidence in the Company, in addition to any direct losses that might result from such instances. The ways that fraudulent activity is attempted is continuously evolving and while we monitor for new types of fraud, there may be a delay in recognizing the fraud is happening. Besides potential losses, shutting down the fraudulent activity often requires a balance with client experience. Despite our efforts to identify areas of risk, oversee operational areas involving risk, and implement policies and procedures designed to manage these risks, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer unexpected losses, reputational damage or regulatory action due to technology or other operational failures or errors, including those of our vendors or other third parties.
While we devote substantial attention and resources to the reliability, capacity and scalability of our systems, extraordinary trading volumes, such as those that occurred in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021, could cause our computer systems to operate at unacceptably slow speeds or even fail, affecting our ability to process client transactions and potentially resulting in some clients’ orders being executed at prices they did not anticipate. For example, certain of our client service response and processing times increased in 2020 as a result of very high levels of client engagement and our clients experienced delays accessing our systems during periods when there was an unusually high volume of client activity. Disruptions in service and slower system response times could result in substantial losses, and decreased client satisfaction.satisfaction, reputational damage, and regulatory inquiries. We are also dependent on the integrity and performance of securities exchanges, clearing houses, market makers, dealers, and other intermediaries to which client orders are routed for execution and settlement. System failures and constraints and transaction errors at such intermediaries could result in delays and erroneous or unanticipated execution prices and cancelled orders, cause substantial losses for us and for our clients, and subject us to claims from our clients for damages.damages, and cause reputational harm.
Our investment management operations may subject us to fiduciary or other legal liability for client losses.
Fund and trust management and administration are complex activities and include functions such as recordkeeping and accounting, security pricing, corporate actions, compliance with investment restrictions, daily net asset value computations, account reconciliations, and required distributions to fund shareholders. Failure to properly perform operational tasks, or the misrepresentation of our services and products could subject us to regulatory sanctions, penalties or litigation and result in reputational damage, liability to clients, and the termination of investment management or administration agreements and the withdrawal of assets under our management.
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In the management and administration of funds and client accounts, we use quantitative models and other tools and resources to support investment decisions and processes, including those related to risk assessment, portfolio management, trading and hedging activities and product valuations. Errors in the design, function, or underlying assumptions used in these models and tools, particularly if we fail to detect the errors over an extended period, could subject us to claims of a breach of fiduciary duty and potentially large liabilities for make-whole payments, litigation, and/or regulatory fines.
We rely on outsourced service providers to perform key functions.
We rely on external service providers to perform certain key technology, cloud infrastructure, processing, servicing, and support functions. These service providers face technology, operating, business, and economic risks, and any significant failures by them, including the improper use or disclosure of our confidential client, employee, or company information, could cause us to incur losses and could harm our reputation. An interruption in or the cessation of service by any external service provider as a result of systems failures, capacity constraints, financial difficulties, natural disasters, extreme weather, power outage, public health crises, political developments or for any other reason, and our inability to make alternative arrangements in a timely manner could disrupt our operations, impact our ability to offer certain products and services, and result in financial losses to us. As a result of certain stay at home restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we temporarily lost the services from some of our outsourced service providers which contributed to increased client service response and processing times. Switching to an alternative service provider may require a transition period and result in less efficient operations.
We rely on financial intermediaries to execute and settle client orders.
We rely on market makers, dealers, securities exchanges, clearing houses, and other financial intermediaries to execute and settle our clients’ orders. The unwillingness or inability of any of these parties to perform their usual functions coupled with the unavailability of alternative arrangements could result in our clients’ orders not getting executed or settled. This may be due to market volatility, uneconomic trading conditions, capacity constraints, financial constraints, system failures, unanticipated trading halts invoked by securities exchanges, market closures, or other reasons. Our inability to get client orders executed or settled because of the unwillingness or inability of these parties to perform their usual functions could result in client dissatisfaction and reputational harm and expose us to client claims for damages.
Liquidity Risk
A significant decrease in our liquidity could negatively affect our business as well as reduce client confidence in Schwab.us.
Maintaining adequate liquidity is crucial to our business operations, including transaction settlement, custody requirements, and lending commitments, among other liquidity needs. We meet our liquidity needs primarily from working capital and cash generated by client activity as well as external financing. Fluctuations in client cash or deposit balances, as well as market conditions or changes in regulatory treatment of client deposits, may affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs. A reduction in our liquidity position could reduce client confidence in Schwab,us, which could result in the transfer of client assets and accounts, or could cause us to fail to satisfy our liquidity requirements, including the LCR. In addition, if our broker-dealer or depository institution subsidiaries fail to meet regulatory capital guidelines, regulators could limit the subsidiaries’ operations or their ability to upstream funds to CSC, which could reduce CSC’s liquidity and adversely affect its ability to repay debt, pay dividends on CSC’s preferred stock, or return capital to common stockholders. In addition, CSC may need to provide additional funding to such subsidiaries.
Factors which may adversely affect our liquidity position include CS&Co and TDAC having temporary liquidity demands due to timing differences between brokerage transaction settlements and the availability of segregated cash balances, fluctuations in cash
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held in banking or brokerage client accounts, a dramatic increase in our lending activities (including margin, mortgage-related, and personal lending), increased capital requirements, changes in regulatory guidance or interpretations, other regulatory changes, or a loss of market or client confidence in Schwabus resulting in unanticipated withdrawals of client funds. As a member firm of securities and derivatives clearing houses, we are required to deposit cash, stock and/or government securities for margin requirements and to clearing funds. The margin requirements may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of clients’ trading activity and market volatility. For example, as a result of recent market volatility the National Securities Clearing Corporation increased margin requirements for member firms and we were required to deposit additional funds. Clearing houses could also require additional funds from member firms if a clearing member defaults on its obligations to the clearing house in an amount larger than its own margin and clearing fund deposits.
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When available cash is not sufficient for our liquidity needs, we may seek external financing. During periods of disruptions in the credit and capital markets, potential sources of external financing could be reduced, and borrowing costs could increase. Although CSC, and CS&Co, and TDAC maintain committed and uncommitted, unsecured bank credit lines and CSC has a commercial paper issuance program, as well as a universal shelf registration statement filed with the SEC which can be used to sell securities, financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all due to market conditions or disruptions in the credit markets. In addition, a significant downgrade in the Company’s credit ratings could increase its borrowing costs and limit its access to the capital markets.
Credit Risk
We may suffer significant losses from our credit exposures.
Our businesses are subject to the risk that a client, counterparty or issuer will fail to perform its contractual obligations, or that the value of collateral held to secure obligations will prove to be inadequate. While we have policies and procedures designed to manage this risk, the policies and procedures may not be fully effective. Our exposure mainly results from margin lending, clients’ options and futures trading, securities lending, mortgage lending, pledged asset lending, our role as a counterparty in financial contracts and investing activities, and indirectly from the investing activities of certain of the proprietary funds we sponsor.
When clients purchase securities on margin, borrow on lines of credit collateralized by securities, or trade options or futures, we are subject to the risk that clients may default on their obligations when the value of the securities and cash in their accounts falls below the amount of clients’ indebtedness. Abrupt changes in securities valuations and the failure of clients to meet margin calls could result in substantial losses.losses, especially if there is a lack of liquidity. As a result of our TD Ameritrade acquisition, our margin, options and futures business has materially increased and market liquidity may represent an increased risk.
We have exposure to credit risk associated with our investments. Those investments are subject to price fluctuations as a result of changes in the financial market’s assessment of credit quality.fluctuations. Loss of value of securities can negatively affect earnings if management determines that such securities are other than temporarily impaired.loss of value has resulted from a credit loss. The evaluation of whether other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI)a credit loss exists is a matter of judgment, which includes the assessment of severalmultiple factors. If management determines that a securitysecurity’s decline in fair value is OTTI, the cost basisresult of a credit loss, an allowance for credit losses on the security maywill be adjustedrecorded and a corresponding loss maywill be recognized in current earnings. DeteriorationEven if a decline in the performancefair value of available for sale (AFS) and held to maturity (HTM) securities could result in the recognition of future impairment charges. Even if a security is not considered OTTI,determined to have resulted from a credit loss, if we were ever forced to sell the security sooner than intended prior to maturity due to liquidity needs, we would have to recognize any unrealized losses at that time.
Our bank loans primarily consist of First Mortgages, HELOCs, and PALs. Increases in delinquency and default rates, housing and stock price declines, increases in the unemployment rate, and other economic factors, including from the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, can result in chargesincreases in allowances for loancredit losses and related credit loss reserves andexpense, as well as write downs on such loans.
Heightened credit exposures to specific counterparties or instruments can increase our risk of loss. Examples include:
•Large positions in financial instruments collateralized by assets with similar economic characteristics or in securities of a single issuer or industry;
•Mortgage loans and HELOCs to banking clients which are secured by properties in the same geographic region; and
•Client margins, options or futures, pledged assets, and securities lending activities collateralized by or linked to securities of a single issuer, index, or industry.
We sponsor a number of proprietary money market mutual funds and other proprietary funds. Although we have no obligation to do so, we may decide for competitive or other reasons to provide credit, liquidity or other support to our funds in the event of significant declines in valuation of fund holdings or significant redemption activity that exceeds available liquidity. Such support could cause us to take significant charges, could reduce our liquidity and, in certain situations, could, with respect to proprietary funds other than money market mutual funds, result in us having to consolidate one or more
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funds in our financial statements. If we choose not to provide credit, liquidity or other support in such a situation, Schwabwe could suffer reputational damage and its business could be adversely affected.
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Risks Related to Our TD Ameritrade Acquisition
We aremay fail to realize the anticipated cost savings and other benefits of the TD Ameritrade acquisition, which could adversely affect the value of our stock.
The success of our TD Ameritrade acquisition will continue to depend, in significant part, on our ability to realize the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from integrating the businesses of Schwab and TD Ameritrade which is subject to litigationcertain risks. If we are not able to successfully combine the businesses of Schwab and regulatory investigationsTD Ameritrade within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated cost savings and proceedings andother benefits of the merger may not be successful in defending against claimsrealized fully or proceedings.at all or may take longer to realize than expected, the combined business may not perform as expected and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected.
The financial services industry faces significant litigation and regulatory risks. We are subject to claims and lawsuitsIt is possible that the integration process could result in the ordinary courseloss of business, including arbitrations, class actionskey Schwab or TD Ameritrade employees, the loss of clients, the disruption of either company’s or both companies’ ongoing businesses or in unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs and other litigation,an overall post-completion integration process that takes longer than originally anticipated.
Most of the integration planning and execution work is currently being done remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The inability to work in-person and on-site with information technology and management oversight has and will continue to make some of which include claimsthe integration work more challenging, particularly with regard to technology. We will need to continue to hire a significant number of technology personnel and contract staff and rely on a number of critical technology vendors in order to complete the integration work relating to technology platforms and systems within the target timeframe. In addition, we may experience delays in acquiring the technology and infrastructure components needed for substantial or unspecified damages. We are also the subject of inquiries, investigations, and proceedings by regulatory and other governmental agencies.
Litigation and arbitration claims include those brought by our clients and the clients of third party advisors whose assets are custodied at Schwab. Claims from clients of third party advisors may allege lossesintegration due to investment decisions made bypandemic-related supply chain disruptions. We have to make certain assumptions for integration planning and subsequent changes to integration plans impact the third party advisors ortiming and cost of the advisors’ misconduct. Litigation claims also include claims from third parties alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights (e.g., patents). Such litigation can require the expenditure of significant company resources. If we were found to have infringed on a third-party patent, or other intellectual property rights, we could incur substantial damages, and in some circumstances could be enjoined from using certain technology, or providing certain products or services.
Actions brought against us may result in settlements, awards, injunctions, fines, penalties or other results adverse to us, including reputational harm. Even if we are successful in defending against these actions, the defense of such matters may result in us incurring significant expenses. A substantial judgment, settlement, fine, or penalty could be material to our operating results or cash flows for a particular future period, depending on our results for that period. In market downturns and periods of heightened volatility, the volume of legal claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial services companies have historically increased.
We rely on outsourced service providers to perform key functions.
We rely on external service providers to perform certain key technology, processing, servicing, and support functions. These service providers face technology, operating, business, and economic risks, and any significant failures by them, including the improper use or disclosure of our confidential client, employee, or company information, could cause us to incur losses and could harm Schwab’s reputation. An interruption in or the cessation of service by any external service providerintegration. For example, as a result of systems failures,the higher levels of trading volumes that we recently experienced, we had to increase capacity constraints, financial difficulties or for anyfrom the original technology build-out plan. In addition, at times the attention of certain members of our management and other reason,resources may be diverted from integration work to critical day-to-day business operations. We may also encounter challenges integrating TD Ameritrade technologies into Schwab platforms. Any of these factors could make timely achievement of integration milestones more challenging, particularly with regard to technology and our inabilitysystems.
We will continue to make alternative arrangementsincur significant integration costs in a timely manner could disrupt ourconnection with the integration of TD Ameritrade.
We will continue to incur significant non-recurring costs related to formulating and implementing integration plans with respect to combining the operations impactof Schwab and TD Ameritrade, including technology-related, workforce and facilities consolidation costs. We continue to assess the magnitude of these costs, and additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of the two companies’ businesses.
We may have difficulty attracting, motivating and retaining executives and other employees during the integration of TD Ameritrade.
Uncertainty about the effect of the TD Ameritrade integration on Schwab and TD Ameritrade employees may impair our ability to offer certain productsattract, retain and services,motivate personnel. Employee retention may be particularly challenging during the integration process, as employees of Schwab and TD Ameritrade may experience uncertainty about their future roles with the combined business. If employees of Schwab or TD Ameritrade depart, the integration of the companies may be more difficult and the combined business may be harmed. Furthermore, we may have to incur significant costs in identifying, hiring and retaining replacements for departing employees and may lose significant expertise and talent relating to the businesses of Schwab or TD Ameritrade, and our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may be adversely affected. In addition, there could be disruptions to or distractions for the workforce and management associated with integrating employees into Schwab.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
The TD Ameritrade acquisition may not be accretive to our earnings per share, which may negatively affect the market price of our common stock.
Based on the anticipated synergies between Schwab and TD Ameritrade, we expect the acquisition to be accretive to our earnings per share in the third year following completion of the merger. However, future events and conditions could reduce or delay the accretion that is currently projected or result in financial lossesthe acquisition being dilutive to us. Switchingour earnings per share, including adverse changes in market conditions, additional transaction and integration related costs and other factors such as the failure to an alternative service provider may requirerealize some or all of the benefits anticipated in the acquisition. Any dilution of, reduction in, or delay of any accretion to, our earnings per share could cause the price of shares of our common stock to decline or grow at a transition period and result in less efficient operations.reduced rate.
Other Business Risks
Potential strategic transactions could have a negative impact on our financial position.
We evaluate potential strategic transactions, including business combinations, acquisitions, and dispositions. Any such transaction could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The process of evaluating, negotiating, effecting, and effectingintegrating any such strategic transaction may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, and might cause the loss of key clients, employees, and business partners. Moreover, integrating businesses and systems may result in unforeseen expenditures as well as numerous risks and uncertainties, including the need to integrate operational, financial, and management information systems and management controls, integrate relationships with clients and business partners, and manage facilities and employees in different geographic areas. The integration process could result in the disruption of ongoing businesses or changes to inconsistent standards, controls, procedures and policies that could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with clients, employees, outsourced service providers and vendors. In addition, an acquisition may cause us to assume liabilities or become subject to litigation or regulatory proceedings.proceedings or require the amortization of a large amount of acquired intangible assets. Further, we may not realize the anticipated benefits from an acquisition in a timely manner or at all (including without limitation the recent acquisition of TD Ameritrade), and any future acquisition could be dilutive to our current stockholders’ percentage ownership or to earnings per common share (EPS).
Our acquisitions and dispositions are typically subject to closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and the absence of material adverse changes in the business, operations or financial condition of the entity or part of an entity being acquired or sold. To the extent we enter into an agreement to buy or sell an entity or part of an entity, there can be no guarantee that the transaction will close when expected, or at all. If a material transaction does not close, our stock price could decline.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Our industry is highly competitive and characterized by aggressive price competition.
We operate in a highly competitive environment with a broad array of competitors from large integrated banks to venture-capital backed private companies. We continually monitor our pricing in relation to competitors and periodically adjust trade commission rates, interest rates on deposits and loans, fees for advisory services, expense ratios on mutual funds and ETFs, trade commission rates, and other pricing and incentives to enhancesustain our competitive position. Increased price competition from other financial services firms to attract clients, such as reduced commissions, higher deposit rates, or reduced mutual fund or ETF expense ratios, or the increased use of incentives, could impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We face competition in hiring and retaining qualified employees.
The market for qualified personnel in our business is highly competitive. At various times, different functions and roles are in especially high demand in the market, compelling us to pay more to attract talent. Recently, the challenge and cost for us to retain and hire talent has increased. In September 2021, we implemented a 5% salary increase for almost all of our employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain existing employees while managing compensation costs.
We need to continue to hire a significant number of technology personnel and contract staff to complete the TD Ameritrade integration work within the target timeframe. Demand for skilled technology professionals is high and we may experience delays in hiring the appropriate skilled resources.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Our stock price has fluctuated historically, and may continue to fluctuate.
Our stock price can be volatile. Among the factors that may affect the volatility of our stock price are the following:
Our exposure to changes in interest rates;
•Speculation in the investment community or the press about, or actual changes in, our competitive position, organizational structure, executive team, operations, financial condition, financial reporting and results, expense discipline, strategic transactions, progress on achieving the expected benefits from our TD Ameritrade acquisition, or strategic transactions;ratings from third parties;
•The announcement of new products, services, acquisitions, or dispositions by us or our competitors; and
•Increases or decreases in revenue or earnings, changes in earnings estimates by the investment community, and variations between estimated financial results and actual financial results.results; and
•Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by large stockholders.
Changes in the stock market generally, or as it concerns our industry, as well as geopolitical, corporate, regulatory, business, and economic factors may also affect our stock price.
Future sales of CSC’s equity securities may adversely affect the market price of CSC’s common stock and result in dilution.
CSC’s certificate of incorporation authorizes CSC’s Board of Directors, among other things, to issue additional shares of common or preferred stock or securities convertible or exchangeable into equity securities, without stockholder approval.
CSC may issue additional equity or convertible securities to raise additional capital or for other purposes. The issuance of any additional equity or convertible securities could be substantially dilutive to holders of CSC’s common stock and may adversely affect the market price of CSC’s common stock.
Our ongoing relationships with TD Bank and its affiliates could have a negative impact on us.
Although our acquisition of TD Ameritrade was structured such that completion of the merger would not result in CSC either (i) being deemed to be “controlled” by TD Bank (as that term is interpreted by the Federal Reserve under the BHC Act or HOLA) or (ii) being deemed to be in “control” of any of TD Bank’s depository institutions, changes in circumstances could trigger presumptions of control under the Federal Reserve’s regulations. This could occur if TD Bank and its affiliates own more than 9.9% of Schwab common stock, as interpreted in accordance with the applicable rules of the Federal Reserve. While the Stockholder Agreement between CSC and TD Bank prohibits TD Bank and its affiliates from exceeding the 9.9% threshold, it could happen unintentionally. This presumption of control could also be triggered if the revenue generated to either us or to any of the TD Bank depository institutions exceeds a certain percentage. The Stockholder Agreement contains provisions to address such situations.
Under the IDA agreement, we are only permitted to reduce the deposit balances swept to the TD Depository Institutions by a set amount during each 12-month period, subject to certain limitations and adjustments including only moving IDA balances designated as floating-rate obligations and maintaining a minimum $50 billion IDA sweep balance through June 2031. The bank deposit account fee revenue that we earn related to the IDA agreement may be less than the net interest revenue that we could have earned if the deposit balances were swept to our banking subsidiaries rather than the TD Depository Institutions. When we are permitted to reduce the IDA balances, we can only move the balances to our banking subsidiaries if we have sufficient capital. In addition, in a low rate environment it is possible that the sweep arrangement fee computation could result in a negative amount that we would be required to pay the TD Depository Institutions,resulting in us having an expense rather than revenue.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Item 2. Properties
As part of our real estate energy management program, Schwab incorporates sustainable practices and procedures to guide our facilities’ design, materials, and building technologies. A summary of Schwab’s significant locations is presented in the following table. Locations are leased or owned as noted below.
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Square Footage |
| (amounts in thousands) | Leased | Owned |
| Location | | |
| Corporate headquarters: | | |
| Westlake, TX | 188 | | 687 | |
| Service and other office space: | | |
| Denver, CO | — | | 767 | |
| Phoenix, AZ | 32 | | 728 | |
| Omaha, NE | 119 | | 578 | |
| Austin, TX | — | | 561 | |
| San Francisco, CA | 417 | | — | |
| Southlake, TX | 13 | | 375 | |
| St. Louis, MO | — | | 319 | |
| Chicago, IL | 237 | | — | |
| Jersey City, NJ | 208 | | — | |
| Indianapolis, IN | — | | 161 | |
| Orlando, FL | 159 | | — | |
| Richfield, OH | — | | 117 | |
| San Diego, CA | 111 | | — | |
| El Paso, TX | — | | 105 | |
The square footage amounts presented in the table above are presented net of space that has been subleased to third parties.
|
| | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Square Footage |
| (amounts in thousands) | Leased | Owned |
| Location | | |
| Corporate headquarters: | | |
| San Francisco, CA | 662 |
| — |
|
| Service and other office space: | | |
| Phoenix, AZ | 28 |
| 728 |
|
| Denver, CO | — |
| 731 |
|
| Austin, TX | 83 |
| 452 |
|
| Dallas, TX | 318 |
| — |
|
| Indianapolis, IN | — |
| 161 |
|
| Orlando, FL | 159 |
| — |
|
| Chicago, IL | 145 |
| — |
|
| Richfield, OH | — |
| 117 |
|
| El Paso, TX | — |
| 105 |
|
Substantially all of our branch offices are located in leased premises. The Our corporate headquarters, data centers, offices, and service centers support both of our segments.
The Company’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade expanded the Company’s branch footprint. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately 400 domestic branch offices in 48 states and the District of Columbia, as well as locations in Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Substantially all branch offices are located in leased premises.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of legal proceedings, see Item 8 – Note 14.15.
| |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters,and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
CSC’s common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol SCHW. The number of common stockholders of record as of January 31, 2019,2022, was 5,803.5,451. The closing market price per share on that date was $46.77. $87.70.
The following graph shows a five-year comparison of cumulative total returns for CSC’s common stock, the Standard & Poor’s® 500 Index, and the Dow Jones U.S. Investment Services Index, each of which assumes an initial investment of $100 and reinvestment of dividends.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2016 | | 2017 | | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2021 |
| The Charles Schwab Corporation | $ | 100 | | | $ | 131 | | | $ | 107 | | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 141 | | | $ | 227 | |
| Standard & Poor’s 500 Index | $ | 100 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 116 | | | $ | 153 | | | $ | 181 | | | $ | 233 | |
| Dow Jones U.S. Investment Services Index | $ | 100 | | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 110 | | | $ | 137 | | | $ | 161 | | | $ | 226 | |
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
For information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance, see Item 8 – Note 21 and Part III – Item 12.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2013 |
| | 2014 |
| | 2015 |
| | 2016 |
| | 2017 |
| | 2018 |
|
| The Charles Schwab Corporation | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 117 |
| | $ | 129 |
| | $ | 156 |
| | $ | 204 |
| | $ | 167 |
|
| Standard & Poor’s 500 Index | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 114 |
| | $ | 115 |
| | $ | 129 |
| | $ | 157 |
| | $ | 150 |
|
| Dow Jones U.S. Investment Services Index | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 115 |
| | $ | 114 |
| | $ | 144 |
| | $ | 180 |
| | $ | 159 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On October 25, 2018, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1.0 billion of common stock, which was completed as of December 31, 2018 (see Item 8 – Note 17).
On January 30, 2019, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $4.0 billion of common stock. The authorization does not have an expiration date.
The following table summarizes purchases made by or on behalf of CSC of its common stock for each calendar month in the fourth quarter of 20182021 (in millions, except number of shares, which are in thousands, and per share amounts):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Month | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average
Price Paid
per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Program |
| October: | | | | | | | |
Share repurchase program (1) | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | $ | 1,780 | |
Employee transactions (2) | 39 | | | $ | 74.16 | | | N/A | | N/A |
| November: | | | | | | | |
Share repurchase program (1) | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | $ | 1,780 | |
Employee transactions (2) | 614 | | | $ | 82.07 | | | N/A | | N/A |
| December: | | | | | | | |
Share repurchase program (1) | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | $ | 1,780 | |
Employee transactions (2) | 120 | | | $ | 80.73 | | | N/A | | N/A |
| Total: | | | | | | | |
Share repurchase program (1) | — | | | $ | — | | | — | | | $ | 1,780 | |
Employee transactions (2) | 773 | | | $ | 81.46 | | | N/A | | N/A |
(1) All shares were repurchased under an authorization approved by CSC’s Board of Directors of up to $4.0 billion of common stock publicly announced by CSC on January 30, 2019. The authorization does not have an expiration date.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Month | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average
Price Paid
per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Program (2) |
| October: | | | | | | | |
| Share repurchase program | 3,831 |
| | $ | 45.02 |
| | 3,831 |
| | $ | 827 |
|
Employee transactions (1) | 5 |
| | $ | 49.67 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
| November: | | | | | | | |
| Share repurchase program | 11,862 |
| | $ | 47.03 |
| | 11,862 |
| | $ | 269 |
|
Employee transactions (1) | 651 |
| | $ | 46.59 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
| December: | | | | | | | |
| Share repurchase program | 6,643 |
| | $ | 40.52 |
| | 6,643 |
| | $ | — |
|
Employee transactions (1) | 269 |
| | $ | 45.86 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
| Total: | | | | | | | |
| Share repurchase program | 22,336 |
| | $ | 44.75 |
| | 22,336 |
| | $ | — |
|
Employee transactions (1) | 925 |
| | $ | 46.40 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
(1) (2) Includes restricted shares withheld (under the terms of grants under employee stock incentive plans) to offset tax withholding obligations that occur upon vesting and release of restricted shares. CSC may receive shares delivered or attested to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations by employees who exercise stock options granted under employee stock incentive plans, which are commonly referred to as stock swap exercises.
(2) All repurchases under the 2018 share repurchase program authorization were completed by the end of 2018.N/A Not applicable.
Item 6. Reserved
- 25 -
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Selected Financial and Operating Data | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Growth Rates | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Compounded 4-Year 2014-2018 (1) | | Annual
1-Year
2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Results of Operations | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net revenues | 14% | | 18% | | $ | 10,132 |
| | $ | 8,618 |
| | $ | 7,478 |
| | $ | 6,380 |
| | $ | 6,058 |
|
| Expenses excluding interest | 9% | | 12% | | $ | 5,570 |
| | $ | 4,968 |
| | $ | 4,485 |
| | $ | 4,101 |
| | $ | 3,943 |
|
| Net income | 28% | | 49% | | $ | 3,507 |
| | $ | 2,354 |
| | $ | 1,889 |
| | $ | 1,447 |
| | $ | 1,321 |
|
| Net income available to common stockholders | 27% | | 53% | | $ | 3,329 |
| | $ | 2,180 |
| | $ | 1,746 |
| | $ | 1,364 |
| | $ | 1,261 |
|
| Earnings per common share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 27% | | 52% | | $ | 2.47 |
| | $ | 1.63 |
| | $ | 1.32 |
| | $ | 1.04 |
| | $ | .96 |
|
| Diluted | 27% | | 52% | | $ | 2.45 |
| | $ | 1.61 |
| | $ | 1.31 |
| | $ | 1.03 |
| | $ | .95 |
|
| Dividends declared per common share | 18% | | 44% | | $ | .46 |
| | $ | .32 |
| | $ | .27 |
| | $ | .24 |
| | $ | .24 |
|
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 1% | | 1% | | 1,348 |
| | 1,339 |
| | 1,324 |
| | 1,315 |
| | 1,303 |
|
| Diluted | 1% | | 1% | | 1,361 |
| | 1,353 |
| | 1,334 |
| | 1,327 |
| | 1,315 |
|
| Net interest revenue as a percentage of net revenues | | | | | 57 | % | | 50 | % | | 44 | % | | 40 | % | | 38 | % |
Asset management and administration fees as a
percentage of net revenues | | | | | 32 | % | | 39 | % | | 41 | % | | 41 | % | | 42 | % |
| Trading revenue as a percentage of net revenues | | | | | 8 | % | | 8 | % | | 11 | % | | 14 | % | | 15 | % |
| Effective income tax rate | | | | | 23.1 | % | | 35.5 | % | | 36.9 | % | | 36.5 | % | | 37.5 | % |
| Performance Measures | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net revenue growth | | | | | 18 | % | | 15 | % | | 17 | % | | 5 | % | | 11 | % |
| Pre-tax profit margin | | | | | 45.0 | % | | 42.4 | % | | 40.0 | % | | 35.7 | % | | 34.9 | % |
| Return on average common stockholders’ equity | | | | | 19 | % | | 15 | % | | 14 | % | | 12 | % | | 12 | % |
Financial Condition (at year end) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | 18% | | 22% | | $ | 296,482 |
| | $ | 243,274 |
| | $ | 223,383 |
| | $ | 183,705 |
| | $ | 154,635 |
|
| Short-term borrowings | N/M | | (100)% | | — |
| | $ | 15,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Long-term debt | 38% | | 45% | | $ | 6,878 |
| | $ | 4,753 |
| | $ | 2,876 |
| | $ | 2,877 |
| | $ | 1,892 |
|
| Preferred stock | 34% | | — | | $ | 2,793 |
| | $ | 2,793 |
| | $ | 2,783 |
| | $ | 1,459 |
| | $ | 872 |
|
| Total stockholders’ equity | 15% | | 12% | | $ | 20,670 |
| | $ | 18,525 |
| | $ | 16,421 |
| | $ | 13,402 |
| | $ | 11,803 |
|
| Assets to stockholders’ equity ratio | | | | | 14 |
| | 13 |
| | 14 |
| | 14 |
| | 13 |
|
Debt to total capital ratio (2) | | | | | 25 | % | | 52 | % | | 15 | % | | 18 | % | | 14 | % |
| Employee Information | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Full-time equivalent employees (in thousands,
at year end) | 8% | | 11% | | 19.5 |
| | 17.6 |
| | 16.2 |
| | 15.3 |
| | 14.6 |
|
(1) The Compounded 4-year growth rate is computed using the formula: Compound annual growth rate = (Ending Value / Beginning Value) .25– 1.
(2) The Debt to total capital ratio is computed using the formula: Total Debt (short and long-term) / (Total Debt + Stockholders’ Equity).
N/M Not meaningful.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysisof Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “appear,” “could,” “would,” “expand,” “aim,” “maintain,” “continue,” “seek,” and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs, objectives, and expectations as of the date hereof, are estimates based on the best judgment of Schwab’s senior management. These statements relate to, among other things:
•Maximizing our market valuation and stockholder returns over time; our belief that developing trusted relationships will translate into more client assets which drives revenue and, along with expense discipline and thoughtful capital management, generates earnings growth and builds stockholder value; and Schwab’s ability to pursue its business strategy and maintain itsmaintaining our market leadership position;position (see Business Strategy and Competitive Environment and Products and Services in Part I, Item 1);
•Expected benefits from the TD Ameritrade and other recently completed acquisitions; and expected timing for the TD Ameritrade client conversion (see Business and Asset Acquisitions in Part I, Item 1; Overview – Business and Asset Acquisitions in Part II, Item 7; Business Acquisitions in Part II, Item 8 – Note 3; and Exit and Other Related Liabilities in Note 16);
•The impact of legal proceedings and regulatory matters (see Legal Proceedings in Part I, Item 3; and Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 8 – Note 14)15);
Effective capital management supporting business growth•Driving strategic priorities of scale and capital returns to stockholdersefficiency, win-win monetization and segmentation (see Overview in Part II, Item 7);
•Cost estimates and timing related to the TD Ameritrade integration, including acquisition and integration-related costs and capital expenditures, cost synergies, and exit and other related costs (see Overview – Business and Asset Acquisitions in Part II, Item 7; Results of Operations – Total Expenses Excluding Interest; and Exit and Other Related Liabilities in Part II, Item 8 – Note 16);
•The adjustment of rates paid on client-related liabilities; the stability, rate sensitivity, and durationmoney market fund fee waivers (see Results of client-related liabilities; managing the duration of interest-earning assets; and Schwab’s positioning to benefit from an increase in interest rates and limit its exposure to falling rates (seeOperations – Net Interest Revenue and Asset Management and Administration Fees in Part II, Item 7);
2019 capital•Capital expenditures (see Results of Operations – Total Expenses Excluding Interest in Part II, Item 7);
•The phase-out of the use of LIBOR (see Risk Management – Expected Phase-out of LIBOR in Part II, Item 7);
•Sources of liquidity, capital, and level of dividendsdividends; and Tier 1 Leverage Ratio operating objective (see Liquidity Risk, Capital Management, Regulatory Capital Requirements, and Dividends in Part II, Item 7);
•The migration of IDA balances to our balance sheet (see Capital ratios (seeManagement – Regulatory Capital Requirements in Part II, Item 7);
The impact of changes in management’s estimates on Schwab’s results of operations (see Critical Accounting Estimates7; and Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 7)8 – Note 15);
•The expected impact of new accounting standards not yet adopted (see Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 8 – Note 2); and
•The impact of changes in the likelihood of indemnification and guarantee payment obligations on Schwab’s results of operationsand clients failing to fulfill contractual obligations (see Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 8 – Note 14)15 and Financial Instruments Subject to Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk – Client Trade Settlement in Note 17).
Achievement of the expressed beliefs, objectives and expectations described in these statements is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expressed beliefs, objectives, and expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or, in the case of documents incorporated by reference, as of the date of those documents.
Important factors that may cause actual results to differ include, but are not limited to:
•General market conditions, including equity valuations, trading activity, the level of interest rates equity valuations– which can impact money market fund fee waivers, and trading activity;credit spreads;
•Our ability to attract and retain clients, develop trusted relationships, and grow client assets;
•Client use of our advisory and lending solutions and other products and services;
•The level of client assets, including cash balances;
•Competitive pressure on pricing, including deposit rates;
Client sensitivity to interest rates;
Regulatory guidance;
Timing and amount of transfers to bank sweep deposits;
Capital and liquidity needs and management;
Our ability to manage expenses;
Our ability to develop and launch new products, services, and capabilities, as well as implement infrastructure, in a timely and successful manner;
The timing of campus expansion work and technology projects;
The effect of adverse developments in litigation or regulatory matters and the extent of any related charges; and
Potential breaches of contractual terms for which we have indemnification and guarantee obligations.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
•Client sensitivity to rates;
•Regulatory guidance;
•Capital and liquidity needs and management;
•Our ability to manage expenses;
•Our ability to attract and retain talent;
•Our ability to develop and launch new and enhanced products, services, and capabilities, as well as enhance our infrastructure, in a timely and successful manner;
•Our ability to monetize client assets;
•The scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the spread of the virus and the economic impact;
•Our ability to support client activity levels;
•The risk that expected cost synergies and other benefits from the TD Ameritrade and other recent acquisitions may not be fully realized or may take longer to realize than expected and that integration-related expenses may be higher than expected;
•The ability to successfully implement integration strategies and plans relating to TD Ameritrade;
•The timing and scope of integration-related and other technology projects;
•Real estate and workforce decisions;
•Migrations of BDA balances;
•Prepayment levels for mortgage-backed securities;
•Client cash allocations;
•LIBOR trends;
•Adverse developments in litigation or regulatory matters and any related charges;
•Potential breaches of contractual terms for which we have indemnification and guarantee obligations; and
•Client activity, including daily average trades; margin balances; and balance sheet cash.
Certain of these factors, as well as general risk factors affecting the Company, are discussed in greater detail in Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Active brokerage accounts: Brokerage accounts with activity within the preceding 270 days.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI): A component of stockholders’ equity which primarily includes unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities and net gains or losses associated with pension obligations.available for sale (AFS) securities.
Asset-backed securities: Debt securities backed by financial assets such as loans or receivables.
Assets receiving ongoing advisory services: Market value of all client assets custodied at the Company under the guidance of an independent advisor or enrolled in one of Schwab’s retail oradvice solutions at the end of the reporting period.
Bank deposit account balances (BDA balances): Clients’ uninvested cash balances held off-balance sheet in deposit accounts at unconsolidated third-party financial institutions, pursuant to the IDA agreement and agreements with other advisory solutions.third-party financial institutions. Average BDA balances represent the daily average balance for the reporting period.
Basel III: Global regulatory standards on bank capital adequacy and liquidity issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Basis point: One basis point equals 1/100th of 1%, or 0.01%.
Client assets: The market value, as of the end of the reporting period, of all client assets in our custody, BDA balances, and proprietary products, which includes both cash and securities. Average client assets are the daily average client asset balance for the reporting period.
Client cash as a percentage of client assets: Calculated as the value, at the end of the reporting period, of all money market fund balances, bank deposits, Schwab One® balances, BDA balances, and certain cash equivalents as a percentage ofdivided by client assets.
Clients’ daily average trades: Includes daily average revenue trades by clients, trades by clients in asset-based pricing relationships, and all commission-free trades.
Common Equity Tier 1(CET1) Capital: The sum of common stock and related surplus net of treasury stock, retained earnings, AOCI, and qualifying minority interests, less applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. Schwab made a one-time election to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of AOCI in CET1 Capital under the “standardized approach” framework. Beginning in 2019, Schwab must include AOCI in CET1 Capital.
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio: The ratio of CET1 Capital to total risk-weighted assets as of the end of the period.
Core net new client assets: Net new client assets before significant one-time inflows or outflows, such as acquisitions/divestitures or extraordinary flows (generally greater than $10 billion) relating to a specific client. These flows may span multiple reporting periods.
Customer Protection Rule: Refers to Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Daily Average Revenue Trades (DARTs)(DATs): Total Includes daily average revenue trades during a certain period, divided by the number of trading daysclients, trades by clients in that period. Revenue trades includeasset-based pricing relationships, and all client trades that generate trading revenue (i.e., commission revenue or principal transaction revenue).commission-free trades.
Debt to total capital ratio: Calculated as total debt divided by stockholders’ equity and total debt.
Delinquency roll rates: The rates at which loans transition through delinquency stages, ultimately resulting in a loss. Schwab considers a loan to be delinquent if it is 30 days or more past due.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank)(Dodd-Frank Act): Regulatory reform legislation containing numerous provisions which expanded prudential regulation of large financial services companies.
Duration: Duration is typically used to measure the expected change in value of a financial instrument for a 1% change in interest rates, expressed in years.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Final Regulatory Capital Rules: Refers to the regulatory capital rules issued by U.S. banking agencies which implemented Basel III and relevant provisions of Dodd-Frank Act, which apply to savings and loan holding companies, as well as federal savings banks.
First mortgages: Refers to first lien residential real estate mortgage loans.
Full-time equivalent employees: Represents the total number of hours worked divided by a 40-hour work week for the following categories: full-time, part-time, and temporary employees and persons employed on a contract basis.
High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA):Assets HQLA is defined by the Federal Reserve, but includes assets that are actively traded and readily convertible to cash in times of stress.
Insured Deposit Account (IDA) Agreement: The IDA agreement with a high potential to be converted easily and quickly into cash.the TD Depository Institutions.
Interest-bearing liabilities: Includes Primarily includes bank deposits, payables to brokerage clients, short-term borrowings, and long-term debt on which Schwab pays interest.
Interest-earning assets: Includes Primarily includes cash and cash equivalents, cash and investments segregated, broker-related receivables, receivables from brokerage clients, investment securities, and bank loans on which Schwab earns interest.
Investment grade: Defined as a rating equivalent to a Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) rating of “Baa”“Baa3” or higher, or a Standard & Poor’s Rating Group (Standard & Poor’s) or Fitch Ratings, Ltd (Fitch) rating of “BBB-” or higher.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR): The ratio of HQLA to projected net cash outflows during a 30-day stress scenario.
Loan-To-Value(LTV)ratio: Calculated as the principal amount of a loan divided by the value of the collateral securing the loan.
Margin loans: Advances made to brokerage clients on Money borrowed against the value of certain stocks, bonds, and mutual funds in a secured basisclient portfolio. The borrowed money can be used to purchase additional securities reflected in receivables from brokerage clients on the consolidated balance sheets.or to meet short-term financial needs.
Master netting arrangement: An agreement between two counterparties that have multiple contracts with each other that provides for net settlement of all contracts through a single cash payment in the event of default or termination of any one contract.
Mortgage-backed securities: A type of asset-backed security that is secured by a mortgage or group of mortgages.
Net interest margin: Net interest revenue (annualized for interim periods) divided by average interest-earning assets.
Net new client assets: Total inflows of client cash and securities to Schwab less client outflows. Inflows include dividends and interest; outflows include commissions and fees. Capital gains distributions are excluded.
Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR): Measures an organization’s “available”The ratio of the amount of available stable funding relative to its “required”the amount of required stable funding over a one-year time horizon.funding.
New brokerage accounts: All brokerage accounts opened during the period, as well as any accounts added via acquisition.
Nonperforming assets: The total of nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned.
Order flow revenue: Net compensation received from markets and firms to which CS&Co sendsour broker-dealer subsidiaries send equity and options orders. The amount reflects rebates received for certain types of orders, less fees paid for orders where exchange fees or other charges apply.
Pledged Asset Line® (PAL): A non-purpose revolving line of credit from CSBa banking subsidiary secured by eligible assets held in a separate pledged brokerage account maintained at CS&Co.
Return on average common stockholders’ equity: Calculated as net income available to common stockholders (annualized for interim periods) divided by average common stockholders’ equity.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Return on average common stockholders’ equity: Calculated as net income available to common stockholders (annualized for interim periods) divided by average common stockholders’ equity.
Risk-weighted assets: Computed by assigning specific risk-weightings to assets and off-balance sheet instruments for capital adequacy calculations.
Tier 1 Capital: The sum of CET1 Capital and additional Tier 1 Capital instruments and related surplus, less applicable adjustments and deductions.
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio: End-of-period Tier 1 Capital divided by adjusted average total consolidated assets for the quarter.period.
Trading days: Days in which the markets/exchanges are open for the buying and selling of securities. Early market closures are counted as half-days.
U.S. federal banking agencies: Refers to the Federal Reserve, the OCC, the FDIC, and the CFPB.
Uniform Net Capital Rule: Refers to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which specifies minimum capital requirements that are intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers at all times.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
OVERVIEW
Management focuses on several client activity and financial metrics in evaluating Schwab’s financial position and operating performance. We believe that metrics relating to net new and total client assets, as well as client cash levels and utilization of advisory services, offer perspective on our business momentum and client engagement. Data on new and total client brokerage accounts provides additional perspective on our ability to attract and retain new business. Total net revenue growth, pre-tax profit margin, EPS, return on average common stockholders’ equity, and the Consolidated Tier 1 Leverage Ratio provide broad indicators of Schwab’s overall financial health, operating efficiency, and ability to generate acceptable returns. Total expenses excluding interest as a percentage of average client assets is a measure of operating efficiency.
Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial condition of TD Ameritrade beginning on October 6, 2020, as discussed below. Results for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 20162019 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Growth Rate 1-Year 2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Client Metrics | | | | | | | |
Net new client assets (in billions) (1) | (74)% | | $ | 516.2 | | | $ | 1,952.5 | | | $ | 222.8 | |
| Core net new client assets (in billions) | 98% | | $ | 558.2 | | | $ | 281.9 | | | $ | 211.7 | |
| Client assets (in billions, at year end) | 22% | | $ | 8,138.0 | | | $ | 6,691.7 | | | $ | 4,038.8 | |
| Average client assets (in billions) | 64% | | $ | 7,493.8 | | | $ | 4,579.0 | | | $ | 3,682.0 | |
New brokerage accounts (in thousands) (2) | (61)% | | 7,306 | | | 18,627 | | | 1,568 | |
| Active brokerage accounts (in thousands, at year end) | 12% | | 33,165 | | | 29,629 | | | 12,333 | |
| Assets receiving ongoing advisory services (in billions, at year end) | 23% | | $ | 4,064.4 | | | $ | 3,300.1 | | | $ | 2,106.8 | |
| Client cash as a percentage of client assets (at year end) | | | 10.9 | % | | 12.3 | % | | 11.3 | % |
| Company Financial Information and Metrics | | | | | | | |
| Total net revenues | 58% | | $ | 18,520 | | | $ | 11,691 | | | $ | 10,721 | |
| Total expenses excluding interest | 46% | | 10,807 | | | 7,391 | | | 5,873 | |
| Income before taxes on income | 79% | | 7,713 | | | 4,300 | | | 4,848 | |
| Taxes on income | 86% | | 1,858 | | | 1,001 | | | 1,144 | |
| Net income | 77% | | $ | 5,855 | | | $ | 3,299 | | | $ | 3,704 | |
| Preferred stock dividends and other | 93% | | 495 | | | 256 | | | 178 | |
| Net income available to common stockholders | 76% | | $ | 5,360 | | | $ | 3,043 | | | $ | 3,526 | |
Earnings per common share — diluted (3) | 33% | | $ | 2.83 | | | $ | 2.12 | | | $ | 2.67 | |
| Net revenue growth from prior year | | | 58 | % | | 9 | % | | 6 | % |
| Pre-tax profit margin | | | 41.6 | % | | 36.8 | % | | 45.2 | % |
| Return on average common stockholders’ equity | | | 11 | % | | 9 | % | | 19 | % |
| Expenses excluding interest as a percentage of average client assets | | | 0.14 | % | | 0.16 | % | | 0.16 | % |
| Consolidated Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (at year end) | | | 6.2 | % | | 6.3 | % | | 7.3 | % |
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (4) | | | | | | | |
Adjusted total expenses (5) | | | $ | 9,724 | | | $ | 6,759 | | | $ | 5,820 | |
Adjusted diluted EPS (3) | | | $ | 3.25 | | | $ | 2.45 | | | $ | 2.70 | |
| Return on tangible common equity | | | 22 | % | | 15 | % | | 21 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Growth Rate 1-Year 2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Client Metrics | | | | | | | |
Net new client assets (in billions) (1) | (43)% | | $ | 133.9 |
| | $ | 233.1 |
| | $ | 125.5 |
|
| Core net new client assets (in billions) | 15% | | $ | 227.8 |
| | $ | 198.6 |
| | $ | 125.5 |
|
| Client assets (in billions, at year end) | (3)% | | $ | 3,252.2 |
| | $ | 3,361.8 |
| | $ | 2,779.5 |
|
| Average client assets (in billions) | 11% | | $ | 3,409.6 |
| | $ | 3,060.2 |
| | $ | 2,614.7 |
|
| New brokerage accounts (in thousands) | 9% | | 1,576 |
| | 1,441 |
| | 1,093 |
|
| Active brokerage accounts (in thousands, at year end) | 8% | | 11,593 |
| | 10,755 |
| | 10,155 |
|
| Assets receiving ongoing advisory services (in billions, at year end) | 1% | | $ | 1,708.5 |
| | $ | 1,699.8 |
| | $ | 1,401.4 |
|
| Client cash as a percentage of client assets (at year end) | | | 12.8 | % | | 10.8 | % | | 13.0 | % |
| Company Financial Metrics | | | | | | | |
| Total net revenues | 18% | | $ | 10,132 |
| | $ | 8,618 |
| | $ | 7,478 |
|
| Total expenses excluding interest | 12% | | 5,570 |
| | 4,968 |
| | 4,485 |
|
| Income before taxes on income | 25% | | 4,562 |
| | 3,650 |
| | 2,993 |
|
| Taxes on income | (19)% | | 1,055 |
| | 1,296 |
| | 1,104 |
|
| Net income | 49% | | $ | 3,507 |
| | $ | 2,354 |
| | $ | 1,889 |
|
| Preferred stock dividends and other | 2% | | 178 |
| | 174 |
| | 143 |
|
| Net income available to common stockholders | 53% | | $ | 3,329 |
| | $ | 2,180 |
| | $ | 1,746 |
|
| Earnings per common share — diluted | 52% | �� | $ | 2.45 |
| | $ | 1.61 |
| | $ | 1.31 |
|
| Net revenue growth from prior year | | | 18 | % | | 15 | % | | 17 | % |
| Pre-tax profit margin | | | 45.0 | % | | 42.4 | % | | 40.0 | % |
| Return on average common stockholders’ equity | | | 19 | % | | 15 | % | | 14 | % |
| Expenses excluding interest as a percentage of average client assets | | | 0.16 | % | | 0.16 | % | | 0.17 | % |
| Consolidated Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (at year end) | | | 7.1 | % | | 7.6 | % | | 7.2 | % |
(1) 2018 2021 includes outflows of $93.9$42.0 billion from certain mutual fund clearing services clients. 20172020 includes inflows of $34.5$1.6 trillion related to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade, $79.9 billion related to the acquisition of the assets of USAA-IMCO, $8.5 billion related to the acquisition of Wasmer Schroeder, and $10.9 billion from a mutual fund clearing services client. 2019 includes inflows of $11.1 billion from certain mutual fund clearing services clients.
2018 Compared to 2017
Net income increased by $1.2 billion, or 49%, in 2018, driven primarily by business momentum, a supportive economic environment for much of the year, and lower corporate tax rates. Continued execution of our ‘Through Clients’ Eyes’ strategy helped us succeed with clients. In 2018, clients opened 1.6(2) 2020 includes 14.5 million new brokerage accounts helping bring activerelated to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and 1.1 million new brokerage accounts related to 11.6the acquisition of assets from USAA-IMCO.
(3) In connection with the acquisition of TD Ameritrade, Schwab issued approximately 586 million atcommon shares to TD Ameritrade stockholders, increasing our weighted average common shares outstanding for the end ofyears ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.
(4) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further details and core net new assets totaled $227.8 billion, up 15% from the 2017 total. Our strong net new assets largely offset lower market valuations, and we ended 2018 at $3.25 trillion ina reconciliation of such measures to GAAP reported results.
(5) Adjusted total client assets.expenses is a non-GAAP financial measure adjusting total expenses excluding interest. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
Total net revenue grew by $1.5 billion, or 18%, in 2018 primarily due to an increase of $1.5 billion, or 36%, in net interest revenue. The Fed raised the overnight federal funds target interest rate four times in 2018 for a total of 100 basis points. The growth of total net revenue resulted from higher interest rates due to the Fed’s rate normalization, and also from higher
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
2021 Compared to 2020
Schwab delivered strong growth and financial performance in 2021, consistently executing on our “Through Clients’ Eyes” strategy throughout a fluctuating macroeconomic environment. Early in 2021 we saw strengthened investor optimism, fueled by an advancing economic recovery and signs of improvement in the COVID-19 pandemic. As the year progressed, debates increased over the pace of economic growth, the path of inflation, and the ultimate impact of multiple global market disruptions. After major equity indices rose throughout the first half of 2021, they were essentially flat during the summer months before ending the year at near-record levels. While short-term interest rates remained near zero throughout 2021, longer-term rates began to rise initially, then eased and rose again as the 10-year Treasury yield finally ended 2021 at 1.52%, up 59 basis points from year-end 2020.
Investors were actively engaged with the markets throughout 2021, including extraordinary trading volume in the first quarter, and client activity throughout the remainder of the year also generally exceeded the fourth quarter of 2020 when we included TD Ameritrade in our results for the first time. Asset gathering was strong throughout 2021, as core net new assets totaled $558.2 billion, representing an 8% annual organic growth rate from year-end 2020. We ended 2021 with $8.14 trillion in client assets and 33.2 million brokerage accounts, representing increases of 22% and 12%, respectively, from December 31, 2020. Even as we worked to support heightened levels of client activity during 2021, the Company continued to drive progress across our key strategic priorities of scale and efficiency, win-win monetization, and segmentation. We made significant progress on our integration of TD Ameritrade, and continue to expect to complete client conversion within 30 to 36 months from the October 6, 2020 acquisition date.
Schwab produced strong financial performance during 2021, reflecting consistent execution of our strategy, strong client engagement, and a generally supportive macroeconomic backdrop. Net income totaled $5.9 billion during 2021, increasing 77% from 2020, while diluted earnings per common share (EPS) amounted to $2.83, increasing 33% from the prior year. Adjusted diluted EPS (1), which excludes acquisition and integration-related costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and related income tax effects, amounted to $3.25, increasing 33% from 2020. Our financial results were significantly impacted by the inclusion of TD Ameritrade for the full year of 2021.
Total net revenues increased 58% from 2020 to reach $18.5 billion in 2021, supported by growth across all of our major revenue streams. Net interest revenue totaled $8.0 billion in 2021, increasing 31% from 2020 primarily due to the inclusion of TD Ameritrade as well as significant growth in interest-earning assets, which reflect both client cash allocationsincluding rising investment portfolio balances and the transferincreased utilization of sweep money market funds to bank and broker-dealer sweep. As we progressed with these transfers, the corresponding money market fund assetour range of lending products, partially offset by lower average yields. Asset management and administration fee revenue naturally declined, yet positive inflowsfees grew 23% over the prior year to reach $4.3 billion due to the inclusion of TD Ameritrade as well as rising balances in advice solutions Schwab equity and bond fundsboth proprietary and ETFs, and other third-party mutual funds and ETFs, kept asset managementpartially offset by lower revenue on money market funds.
Trading revenue was $4.2 billion in 2021, nearly three times the prior year total of $1.4 billion, as the full-year inclusion of TD Ameritrade and the overall strong trading environment drove a significant increase in DATs. Trading revenue was also helped in 2021 by a higher proportion of derivatives trades, which contributed to higher revenue per trade. A full year of bank deposit account fees totaled $1.3 billion in 2021. BDA balances totaled $158.6 billion at $3.2 billion, limiting the decrease to 5% from 2017. Record trading activity from our clients resulted in trading revenue reaching $763 million, an increase of 17%December 31, 2021, down 3% from the prior year.year-end 2020 balance of $163.5 billion, reflecting migrations to Schwab’s balance sheet during 2021.
Our increase in totalTotal expenses excluding interest were $10.8 billion in 2021, increasing 46% from 2020 due to the full-year inclusion of $602 million, or 12%, reflected our 2018 investments to support and fuel our business growth, including hiring additional client-facing and other employees and technology project spending,TD Ameritrade’s results as well as an increase in marketinghigher compensation and benefits expense, which was driven by additional headcount to support our expanding client base and a special stock awardhigher bonus accrual, as well as merit increases and a 5% employee salary increase we implemented at the end of $36the third quarter. During 2021, acquisition and integration-related costs were $468 million, to our employees. Even withincreasing from $442 million in 2020, and amortization of acquired intangible assets totaled $615 million, rising from $190 million in 2020. Exclusive of these increases,items, adjusted total expenses as a percentage of client assets remained consistent at 16 basis points, and pre-tax income increased 25% to $4.6(1) were $9.7 billion in 2018, resulting2021, increasing 44% from 2020.
Return on average common stockholders’ equity was 11% in a pre-tax profit margin of 45.0%. As2021, growing from 9% in 2020, and return on tangible common equity (1) (ROTCE) was 22% in 2021, up from 15% in 2020. The increases in both return on average common stockholders’ equity and ROTCE were primarily a result of the Tax Cutssignificantly higher net income in 2021.
(1) Adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted total expenses, and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act), taxes on income decreased 19% in 2018, resulting in an effective tax rate of 23.1%. Overall, we generated a 19% return on tangible common equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further details and diluted EPSa reconciliation of $2.45 for the year.
During 2018, the Board of Directors raised the quarterly cash dividend 63%such measures to $0.13 per share and authorized a $1.0 billion Share Repurchase Program, which we completed during the fourth quarter. These actions reflected the Company’s strong financial performance and our confidence in its long-term success; they also demonstrated that effective capital management at Schwab can support both healthy business growth and more meaningful capital returns to stockholders.
2017 Compared to 2016
Net income available to common stockholders rose in 2017 by $434 million, or 25%, from the prior year, resulting in diluted EPS of $1.61 in 2017 – an increase of 23% compared to $1.31 in 2016. Net revenues improved by $1.1 billion, or 15%, while expenses excluding interest increased $483 million, or 11%, compared to 2016.
Our steady focus on operating ‘through clients’ eyes’ and our goal to continually challenge the status quo helped Schwab achieve another strong growth year in 2017. Clients opened 1.4 million new brokerage accounts in 2017 and trusted Schwab with $198.6 billion of core net new assets in 2017, up 58% from 2016. Total assets receiving ongoing advisory services grew 21% in 2017 to $1.70 trillion. Our success with clients was bolstered by strength in the equity markets – the Standard & Poor’s 500® Index (S&P 500) finished 2017 up 19% from the prior year end. Also in 2017, the Federal Reserve increased the overnight federal funds target interest rate three times for a total of 75 basis points. Strong client activity and the positive economic environment resulted in total client assets rising to $3.36 trillion as of December 31, 2017 – a 21% increase since the end of 2016.
Schwab’s 2017 financial results demonstrate the power of our financial formula working as designed: our robust business growth supported strong revenue growth through multiple sources in 2017, which we combined with continued expense discipline to drive significantly improved profitability.
Net revenues grew by 15% in 2017 compared to 2016 through contributions from our two largest revenue sources. Net interest revenue rose 29% while asset management and administration fees grew 11% in 2017 when compared to the prior year. Trading revenue declined in 2017 by 21% due to price reductions announced early in 2017.
Consistent with our expectations, expenses grew 11% in 2017 compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily due to higher incentive compensation and higher staffing related to our strong asset gathering, as well as expenses related to project spending and third-party fees tied to higher balances in our asset management business.
This combination of revenue growth and expense discipline drove the pre-tax profit margin to 42.4% – an increase of 240 basis points over the prior year. Earnings before income taxes rose 22% to $3.7 billion in 2017 compared to $3.0 billion in the prior year.
The effective tax rate in 2017 was 35.5% compared to 36.9% in 2016 reflecting the benefit from the adoption of new accounting standards requiring the recognition of a portion of tax deductions related to equity compensation partially offset by the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and other tax adjustments associated with the 2017 enactment of the Tax Act.
GAAP reported results.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The Company continued its consistent approach to balance sheet management in 2021, supporting overall growth and liquidity. Total balance sheet assets rose to $667.3 billion at December 31, 2021, increasing 22% from year-end 2020, driven primarily by client asset flows, as well as $10.6 billion in BDA balance migrations. We also added a net $10.2 billion to outstanding short-term borrowings and long-term debt for liquidity management purposes, and increased preferred stock by a net $2.3 billion to help support continued business growth. The Company’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio was 6.2% at year-end 2021.
Subsequent Event
On January 30, 2019, CSC publicly announced that its BoardThough significantly heightened client activity levels during the first quarter of Directors authorized a new Share Repurchase Program2021 impacted our service quality at times, we took multiple actions to repurchase up to $4.0 billion of common stock,better deliver the service experience our clients deserve and declared a four cent, or 31%, increaserely on, including enhancing online self-service capabilities, streamlining our call-routing processes, and increasing hiring. Our efforts began yielding results early in the quarterly cash dividendyear, with significant improvement in client service levels by the end of the first quarter, and our service levels continued to $0.17 per common share.be improved throughout the remainder of 2021 as client activity moderated.
2020 Compared to 2019
Throughout the extraordinary macroeconomic environment that persisted during 2020, Schwab continued to execute on key strategic initiatives, and produced solid financial results. The share repurchase authorization does not haveimpact of COVID-19, along with social and political turmoil, created an expiration date. unprecedented combination of personal and macroeconomic challenges for our clients, employees, and stockholders. While working through these challenges, we progressed in advancing the Company’s strategic goals to drive scale, monetization, and segmentation in ways that benefit our clients. Among the Company’s key accomplishments in 2020 were the successful completion of the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and three other strategic acquisitions, as discussed below.
The COVID-19 pandemic’s rapid escalation in early 2020 was accompanied by volatile equity markets and the Federal Reserve’s further easing of monetary policy. As the year progressed, government aid packages and vaccine developments helped settle the markets, with the S&P 500® erasing its pandemic-related losses to finish up 16% for the year. Throughout 2020, client engagement with the financial markets greatly increased over the prior year, as client trading activity reached record levels. Core net new assets totaled $281.9 billion in 2020, representing our third consecutive year of over $200 billion. Total client assets reached $6.69 trillion spread across 29.6 million brokerage accounts, up 66% and 140%, respectively, from year-end 2019. Current Regulatory Environment and Other Developments
Against this backdrop, Schwab’s net income totaled $3.3 billion, down $405 million, or 11% from 2019, while the Company produced diluted EPS of $2.12, representing a decrease of 21% relative to 2019. Adjusted diluted EPS (1) amounted to $2.45 in 2020, down 9% from $2.70 in 2019.
On October 31, 2018,
Total net revenues reached $11.7 billion for the year, increasing 9% from 2019. During March 2020, the Federal Reserve issuedacted to support the economy by cutting the Fed Funds rate from 1.75% to near zero and announcing significant asset purchase programs. Mortgage refinancing activity subsequently accelerated, and our net interest margin was impacted by both significantly lower interest rates and increased prepayments of mortgage-backed securities held in our investment portfolio. Strong growth in interest-earning assets via client inflows and allocation decisions, as well as our acquisitions of TD Ameritrade and assets of USAA-IMCO, helped limit the decrease in net interest revenue to 6%, resulting in a noticefull-year 2020 total of proposed rulemaking$6.1 billion.
Growing balances in advisory solutions and a rebound in equity markets in 2020 helped drive an 8% increase in asset management and administration fees, which totaled $3.5 billion in 2020. Record client trading activity and the Federal Reserve,addition of TD Ameritrade in the OCC andfourth quarter contributed to an 88% increase in trading revenue, which reached $1.4 billion for the FDIC jointly issued another notice of proposed rulemaking. The two proposals would establishyear, more than offsetting a revised framework for applying enhanced prudential standards to large U.S. banking organizations, with four categories of standards that reflect the risks of banking organizations in each group. CSC would be in Category III based on having $250 billion – $700 billion in total assets.
The Federal Reserve proposal, which would make large savings and loan holding companies such as CSC subject to enhanced prudential standards, would tailor those regulatory requirements relating to capital stress testing, risk management, liquidity risk management, and single-counterparty credit limits based on the categoryfull-year impact of the banking organization. The proposal provides that Category III banking organizations would be subject to annual supervisory stress testing and biennial company-run stress testing. The interagency proposal would similarly tailor requirements under the agencies’ capital rule, LCR rule, and the proposed net stable funding ratio rule for banking organizations in each category. Under the proposal, banking organizations in Category III would not be required to calculate their risk-weighted assets using the “advanced approaches” framework or to include AOCI in calculating their regulatory capital; however, they would continue to be subject to the supplementary leverage ratio and any future countercyclical capital buffer imposed by the banking agencies.
Although the Federal Reserve announced in its proposal that additional capital planning and resolution planning proposals would be issued at a later date, the agency did indicate that all Category III firms, including savings and loan holding companies, would be required to submit annual capital plans that would be subject to qualitative and quantitative assessments evaluated as part of the CCAR process.
The comment period for both proposed rules ended on January 22, 2019 andthe impact to Schwab cannot be assessed until the final rule is released.
On December 22, 2017, P.L.115-97, the Tax Act, was signed into law, and became effective on January 1, 2018. Among other things, the Tax Act lowered the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%.
As a result of the reduction of the federal corporate income tax rate, generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (GAAP) require companies to remeasure their deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. Schwab recorded a one-time non-cash charge to taxes on income associated with the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets and other tax adjustments related to the tax reform legislationcommission reductions implemented in the fourth quarter of 2017. Our 2018 effective income tax rate was reduced as2019. With the TD Ameritrade acquisition, our fourth quarter 2020 results included bank deposit account fee revenue for the first time, which totaled $355 million for the period from October 6, through December 31, 2020.
Total expenses excluding interest increased 26% in 2020 to $7.4 billion, which included significant costs related to our acquisitions. With the completion of four acquisitions during the year, acquisition and integration-related costs totaled $442 million in 2020, representing a resultsignificant increase from the $26 million incurred in 2019. Amortization of acquired intangible assets also increased, totaling $190 million in 2020 compared with $27 million in 2019. Exclusive of these changes.
In May 2016, the Federal Reserve, the OCCitems, adjusted total expenses (1) increased 16% from 2019. Return on average common stockholders’ equity was 9% in 2020, down from 19% in 2019. ROTCE (1) was 15% in 2020, down from 21% in 2019. The 2020 decreases in both return on average common stockholders’ equity and the FDIC jointly issued a noticeROTCE were due to lower net income as well as significantly higher balances of proposed rulemaking that would impose a minimum NSFR on certain banking organizations, including CSC. The comment period for the proposed rule ended on August 5, 2016 and the impactcommon equity due to the Company cannot be assessed until the final rule is released.TDA acquisition and higher AOCI in 2020, driven by unrealized gains in our AFS investment portfolio.
(1) Adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted total expenses, and return on tangible common equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further details and a reconciliation of such measures to GAAP reported results.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Throughout 2020, the Company maintained its disciplined approach to capital management, helping sustain significant balance sheet growth. Schwab’s consolidated total assets ended 2020 at $549 billion, representing growth of $255 billion, or 87%, from year-end 2019, reflecting both our organic growth as well as the acquisitions of TD Ameritrade and the assets of USAA-IMCO. Through offerings in April and December, the Company issued preferred stock totaling approximately $5 billion in 2020, bringing total preferred stock to approximately $7.7 billion, or approximately 25% of Tier 1 Capital at December 31, 2020. The Company’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio was 6.3% at December 31, 2020.
Business and Asset Acquisitions
TD Ameritrade
Effective October 6, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade. TD Ameritrade provides securities brokerage services, including trade execution, clearing services, and margin lending, through its broker-dealer subsidiaries; and futures and foreign exchange trade execution services through its FCM and FDM subsidiary. At the time of closing, TD Ameritrade had approximately $1.6 trillion in client assets and approximately 14.5 million brokerage accounts. TD Ameritrade’s assets and liabilities were revalued and recorded at their estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition.
The Company expects to continue to incur significant acquisition and integration-related costs and integration-related capital expenditures throughout the integration process. Such costs have included, and are expected to continue to include, professional fees, such as legal, advisory, and accounting fees, compensation and benefits expenses for employees and contractors involved in the integration work, and costs for technology enhancements. The Company has also incurred exit and other related costs to attain anticipated synergies, which are primarily comprised of employee compensation and benefits such as severance pay, other termination benefits, and retention costs, as well as costs related to facility closures such as accelerated amortization and depreciation or impairments of assets in those locations.
The Company’s estimates of the nature, amounts, and timing of recognition of acquisition and integration-related costs remain subject to change based on a number of factors, including the expected duration and complexity of the integration process and the continued uncertainty of the current economic environment. More specifically, factors that could cause variability in our expected acquisition and integration-related costs include the level of employee attrition, workforce redeployment from eliminated positions into open roles, changes in the levels of client activity, as well as increased real estate-related exit cost variability due to effects of the COVID-19 pandemic including changes in remote working trends.
As a result of the significant growth seen beginning in late 2020 and early 2021 across key client volume metrics, including the number of active brokerage accounts, DATs, and peak daily trades, the Company determined in 2021 to increase the scope of technology work related to the integration. In 2021, we commenced greater technology build-out to support the expanded volumes of our combined client base. Based on our current integration plans and expanded scope of technology work, the Company continues to expect to complete client conversion within 30 to 36 months from the October 6, 2020 acquisition date, and we expect to incur total acquisition and integration-related costs and capital expenditures of between $2.0 billion and $2.2 billion.
Acquisition and integration-related costs, which are inclusive of related exit costs, totaled $468 million and $442 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and the Company expects to incur acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $350-$400 million in 2022. Over the course of the integration, we continue to expect to realize annualized cost synergies of between $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion, and, through December 31, 2021, we have achieved approximately half of this amount on an annualized run-rate basis. The Company expects to have realized approximately 60% of our estimated annualized cost synergies by year-end 2022, with much of the remaining estimated cost synergies expected to be realized after the completion of client conversion and into 2024. Estimated timing and amounts of synergy realization are subject to change as we progress in the integration. See also Results of Operations – Total Expenses Excluding Interest, Non-GAAP Financial Measures, and Item 8 – Notes 3 and 16.
Assets of USAA-IMCO and Other Acquisitions
On May 26, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of the assets of USAA-IMCO for $1.6 billion in cash. Along with the asset purchase agreement, the companies entered into a long-term referral agreement that makes Schwab the exclusive provider of wealth management and investment brokerage services for USAA members. The USAA-IMCO acquisition has added scale to the Company’s operations through the addition of 1.1 million brokerage and managed portfolio accounts with approximately $80 billion in client assets at the acquisition date. The transaction also provides Schwab the opportunity to further expand our
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
client base by serving USAA’s members through the long-term referral agreement. See Item 8 – Note 3 for more information on the USAA-IMCO acquisition.
In addition, during 2020 the Company completed its acquisition of technology and intellectual property of Motif, a financial technology company. The Motif assets help us build on our existing capabilities and help accelerate our development of thematic and direct index investing for Schwab’s retail investors and RIA clients. Also during 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of Wasmer Schroeder, which adds established strategies and new separately managed account offerings to our existing fixed income lineup.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Total Net Revenues
Total net revenues of $10.1$18.5 billion and $8.6$11.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, represented growth of 18%58% and 15%9% from the prior periods, primarily due toperiods. The increases in 2021 and 2020 were due primarily to our acquisition of TD Ameritrade, which contributed total net interest revenue.revenues of $7.6 billion in 2021 and $1.7 billion in 2020 from October 6, through December 31, 2020.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Growth Rate
2020-2021 | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues |
| Net interest revenue | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest revenue | 30 | % | | $ | 8,506 | | 46 | % | | $ | 6,531 | | 56 | % | | $ | 7,580 | | 71 | % |
| Interest expense | 14 | % | | (476) | | (3) | % | | (418) | | (4) | % | | (1,064) | | (10) | % |
| Net interest revenue | 31 | % | | 8,030 | | 43 | % | | 6,113 | | 52 | % | | 6,516 | | 61 | % |
| Asset management and administration fees | | | | | | | | | | |
Mutual funds, ETFs, and collective trust funds
(CTFs) | 11 | % | | 1,961 | | 11 | % | | 1,770 | | 15 | % | | 1,747 | | 16 | % |
| Advice solutions | 38 | % | | 1,993 | | 11 | % | | 1,443 | | 12 | % | | 1,198 | | 11 | % |
| Other | 22 | % | | 320 | | 1 | % | | 262 | | 3 | % | | 266 | | 3 | % |
| Asset management and administration fees | 23 | % | | 4,274 | | 23 | % | | 3,475 | | 30 | % | | 3,211 | | 30 | % |
| Trading revenue | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commissions | 177 | % | | 2,050 | | 11 | % | | 739 | | 6 | % | | 549 | | 5 | % |
| Order flow revenue | N/M | | 2,053 | | 11 | % | | 621 | | 6 | % | | 135 | | 1 | % |
| Principal transactions | (13) | % | | 49 | | — | | | 56 | | — | | | 68 | | 1 | % |
Trading revenue | 193 | % | | 4,152 | | 22 | % | | 1,416 | | 12 | % | | 752 | | 7 | % |
| Bank deposit account fees | N/M | | 1,315 | | 7 | % | | 355 | | 3 | % | | — | | — | |
| Other | 126 | % | | 749 | | 5 | % | | 332 | | 3 | % | | 242 | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Total net revenues | 58 | % | | $ | 18,520 | | 100 | % | | $ | 11,691 | | 100 | % | | $ | 10,721 | | 100 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Growth Rate
2017-2018 | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues | | Amount | % of
Total Net
Revenues |
| Net interest revenue | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest revenue | 44 | % | | $ | 6,680 |
| 66 | % | | $ | 4,624 |
| 54 | % | | $ | 3,493 |
| 46 | % |
| Interest expense | 151 | % | | (857 | ) | (9 | )% | | (342 | ) | (4 | )% | | (171 | ) | (2 | )% |
| Net interest revenue | 36 | % | | 5,823 |
| 57 | % | | 4,282 |
| 50 | % | | 3,322 |
| 44 | % |
| Asset management and administration fees | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mutual fund and ETF service fees | (12 | )% | | 1,793 |
| 18 | % | | 2,045 |
| 24 | % | | 1,853 |
| 25 | % |
| Advice solutions | 9 | % | | 1,139 |
| 11 | % | | 1,043 |
| 12 | % | | 915 |
| 12 | % |
| Other | (2 | )% | | 297 |
| 3 | % | | 304 |
| 3 | % | | 287 |
| 4 | % |
| Asset management and administration fees | (5 | )% | | 3,229 |
| 32 | % | | 3,392 |
| 39 | % | | 3,055 |
| 41 | % |
| Trading revenue | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commissions | 14 | % | | 685 |
| 7 | % | | 600 |
| 7 | % | | 779 |
| 10 | % |
| Principal transactions | 44 | % | | 78 |
| 1 | % | | 54 |
| 1 | % | | 46 |
| 1 | % |
| Trading revenue | 17 | % | | 763 |
| 8 | % | | 654 |
| 8 | % | | 825 |
| 11 | % |
| Other | 9 | % | | 317 |
| 3 | % | | 290 |
| 3 | % | | 276 |
| 4 | % |
| Total net revenues | 18 | % | | $ | 10,132 |
| 100 | % | | $ | 8,618 |
| 100 | % | | $ | 7,478 |
| 100 | % |
Net Interest Revenue
Schwab’s primary interest-earning assets include cash and cash equivalents; cash and investments segregated; margin loans, which constitute the majority of receivables from brokerage clients; investment securities; and bank loans. Revenue on interest-earning assets is affected by various factors, such as the composition of assets, prevailing interest rates and spreads at the time of origination or purchase, changes in interest rates on floating rate securities and loans, and changes in prepayment levels for mortgage-relatedmortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities and loans. Fees earned and expenses incurred on securities lending and borrowing and lending activities which are conducted by CS&Coour broker-dealer subsidiaries using assets held in client brokerage accounts, are included in other interest revenue and expense.accounts.
Schwab’s interest-bearing liabilities include bank deposits, payables to brokerage clients, short-term borrowings (e.g., Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances, commercial paper, secured borrowings by our broker-dealer subsidiaries, repurchase agreements), and long-term debt. Schwab deploys the funds from these sources into the assets outlined above. As Schwab builds its client base, we attract new client sweep cash, which is a primary driver of funding balance sheet growth. We establishdo not use short-term, wholesale borrowings to support our long-term investment activity, but may use such funding for short-term liquidity purposes or to provide temporary funding. Non-interest-bearing funding sources include stockholders’ equity, certain client cash balances, and other miscellaneous liabilities.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The Company’s investment strategy is structured to produce an increase in net interest revenue when interest rates rise while attempting to moderate the decrease in net interest revenue when interest rates fall. In order to keep interest-rate sensitivity within established limits, management actively monitors and adjusts interest-rate sensitivity through changes in the balance sheet, primarily by adjusting the composition of our banking subsidiaries’ investment portfolios. Schwab establishes the rates paid on client-related liabilities, and management expects that it will generally adjust the rates paid on these liabilities at some fraction of any movement in short-term rates. During 2018, these liabilities rose by a totalSee also Risk Management – Interest Rate Risk Simulations.
As the U.S. economic recovery continued in 2021, interest rates remained historically low. Short-term rates remained near zero throughout 2021; longer-term interest rates began to rise early in the year, then remained largely unchanged before rising again in the fourth quarter. Elevated levels of $63.3 billion, largely reflectingprepayments on mortgage-backed securities persisted throughout the effect of: our transferring a totalcontinued low interest rate environment in 2021 and resulted in accelerated reinvestment of $72 billion sweep money market funds to bankthe AFS portfolio; purchases of AFS securities totaled $171.7 billion. Schwab saw consistent strength in new client brokerage accounts and broker-dealer sweep;net new client assets throughout 2021, driving growth in Schwab’s interest-earning assets. At the same time, client engagement in the equity markets increased and clients choosing to reallocate assets between cash, equities, fixed incomewere net buyers of equity securities and other investments;investment products, resulting in outflows of client cash and partially offsetting the growth in interest-earning assets.
Late in the first quarter of 2020, the Federal Reserve cut the federal funds target overnight rate from 1.75% to near zero; on the longer end of the curve, the 10-year Treasury rate declined by over 120 basis points. Lower interest rates across maturities persisted from the end of the first quarter through the end of 2020, while credit spreads also compressed. Moreover, changes in the economic environment throughout 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic drove significantly higher levels of client cash sweep balances. As these balances rapidly accumulated in the first quarter of 2020, the Company gathering additional flows from newinitially placed a substantial amount in excess reserves held at the Federal Reserve, and current clients.
Overall, management believes thatsubsequently deployed a significant amount of this cash build-up throughout 2020. AFS securities purchases in 2020 totaled $202.2 billion, and these purchases were made at rates below the extended period of extraordinarilyaverage yield on the existing AFS portfolio due to the low interest rates running from the financial crisis until recently has likely resulted in certain sweep cash balances retaining some level of latent rate sensitivity. With the Federal Funds Target Rate having increasedenvironment.
The following table presents net interest revenue information corresponding to 2.25 – 2.50%, management expects some sweep cash balances could migrate to alternatives, including purchased money market funds, that offer higher yields to clients but lower revenue to Schwab.
Given the general stability and relatively low rate sensitivity of client-related liabilities, management believes their duration is at least several years. We have positioned Schwab to benefit from an increase in interest rates, especially short-term interest rates, by managing the duration of interest-earning assets and funding sources on the consolidated balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Average
Balance | | Interest
Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate | | Average
Balance | | Interest Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate | | Average
Balance | | Interest Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate |
| Interest-earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 40,325 | | | $ | 40 | | | 0.10 | % | | $ | 39,052 | | | $ | 120 | | | 0.30 | % | | $ | 23,512 | | | $ | 518 | | | 2.17 | % |
| Cash and investments segregated | 43,942 | | | 24 | | | 0.05 | % | | 34,100 | | | 141 | | | 0.41 | % | | 15,694 | | | 345 | | | 2.17 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 77,768 | | | 2,455 | | | 3.11 | % | | 28,058 | | | 848 | | | 2.97 | % | | 19,270 | | | 821 | | | 4.20 | % |
Available for sale securities (1,2) | 357,122 | | | 4,641 | | | 1.30 | % | | 253,555 | | | 4,537 | | | 1.78 | % | | 58,181 | | | 1,560 | | | 2.67 | % |
Held to maturity securities (1,2) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 134,708 | | | 3,591 | | | 2.65 | % |
| Bank loans | 28,789 | | | 620 | | | 2.15 | % | | 20,932 | | | 545 | | | 2.60 | % | | 16,832 | | | 584 | | | 3.47 | % |
| Total interest-earning assets | 547,946 | | | 7,780 | | | 1.41 | % | | 375,697 | | | 6,191 | | | 1.64 | % | | 268,197 | | | 7,419 | | | 2.75 | % |
| Securities lending revenue | | | 720 | | | | | | | 334 | | | | | | | 147 | | | |
| Other interest revenue | | | 6 | | | | | | | 6 | | | | | | | 14 | | | |
| Total interest-earning assets | $ | 547,946 | | | $ | 8,506 | | | 1.54 | % | | $ | 375,697 | | | $ | 6,531 | | | 1.73 | % | | $ | 268,197 | | | $ | 7,580 | | | 2.80 | % |
| Funding sources | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 381,549 | | | $ | 54 | | | 0.01 | % | | $ | 291,206 | | | $ | 93 | | | 0.03 | % | | $ | 212,605 | | | $ | 700 | | | 0.33 | % |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 91,667 | | | 9 | | | 0.01 | % | | 46,347 | | | 12 | | | 0.02 | % | | 24,353 | | | 79 | | | 0.33 | % |
Short-term borrowings (3) | 3,040 | | | 9 | | | 0.30 | % | | 89 | | | — | | | 0.20 | % | | 17 | | | — | | | 2.36 | % |
| Long-term debt | 17,704 | | | 384 | | | 2.17 | % | | 8,992 | | | 289 | | | 3.22 | % | | 7,199 | | | 258 | | | 3.58 | % |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 493,960 | | | 456 | | | 0.09 | % | | 346,634 | | | 394 | | | 0.11 | % | | 244,174 | | | 1,037 | | | 0.42 | % |
| Non-interest-bearing funding sources | 53,986 | | | | | | | 29,063 | | | | | | | 24,023 | | | | | |
| Securities lending expense | | | 24 | | | | | | | 33 | | | | | | | 38 | | | |
| Other interest expense | | | (4) | | | | | | | (9) | | | | | | | (11) | | | |
| Total funding sources | $ | 547,946 | | | $ | 476 | | | 0.09 | % | | $ | 375,697 | | | $ | 418 | | | 0.11 | % | | $ | 268,197 | | | $ | 1,064 | | | 0.39 | % |
| Net interest revenue | | | $ | 8,030 | | | 1.45 | % | | | | $ | 6,113 | | | 1.62 | % | | | | $ | 6,516 | | | 2.41 | % |
(1) Amounts have been calculated based on amortized cost. Interest revenue on investment securities is presented net of related premium amortization.
(2) On January 1, 2020, the Company transferred all of its investment securities designated as held to be shortermaturity (HTM) to the AFS category. See Item 8 – Note 6.
(3) Interest revenue or expense was less than that of interest-bearing liabilities, so that asset yields are expected to move faster than liability costs.$500 thousand in the period or periods presented.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
In order to keep interest-rate sensitivity within established limits, management monitors and responds to changes in the balance sheet. As Schwab builds its client base, we attract new client sweep cash, which, along with the transfers of existing sweep cash balances from money market funds, is a primary driver of balance sheet growth. By managing the duration of interest-earning assets as necessary, we are positioned to continue to gain from increasing rates while limiting exposure to falling rates to an acceptable level. Approximately half of our interest earning assets re-price or reset based on short-term interest rates such as one-month LIBOR.
Non-interest-bearing funding sources include certain cash balances, stockholders’ equity and other miscellaneous assets and liabilities.
The following table presents net interest revenue information corresponding to interest-earning assets and funding sources on the consolidated balance sheets:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Average
Balance | | Interest
Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate | | Average
Balance | | Interest Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate | | Average
Balance | | Interest Revenue/
Expense | | Average
Yield/
Rate |
| Interest-earning assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 17,783 |
| | $ | 348 |
| | 1.93 | % | | $ | 9,931 |
| | $ | 109 |
| | 1.10 | % | | $ | 11,143 |
| | $ | 57 |
| | 0.51 | % |
| Cash and investments segregated | 11,461 |
| | 206 |
| | 1.78 | % | | 18,525 |
| | 166 |
| | 0.90 | % | | 20,104 |
| | 93 |
| | 0.46 | % |
| Broker-related receivables | 303 |
| | 6 |
| | 2.09 | % | | 430 |
| | 3 |
| | 0.70 | % | | 558 |
| | 1 |
| | 0.22 | % |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 19,870 |
| | 830 |
| | 4.12 | % | | 16,269 |
| | 575 |
| | 3.53 | % | | 15,001 |
| | 497 |
| | 3.31 | % |
Available for sale securities (1) | 54,542 |
| | 1,241 |
| | 2.26 | % | | 53,040 |
| | 815 |
| | 1.54 | % | | 72,586 |
| | 883 |
| | 1.22 | % |
| Held to maturity securities | 131,794 |
| | 3,348 |
| | 2.53 | % | | 103,599 |
| | 2,354 |
| | 2.27 | % | | 57,451 |
| | 1,402 |
| | 2.44 | % |
| Bank loans | 16,554 |
| | 559 |
| | 3.37 | % | | 15,919 |
| | 472 |
| | 2.97 | % | | 14,715 |
| | 400 |
| | 2.72 | % |
| Total interest-earning assets | 252,307 |
| | 6,538 |
| | 2.57 | % | | 217,713 |
| | 4,494 |
| | 2.06 | % | | 191,558 |
| | 3,333 |
| | 1.74 | % |
| Other interest revenue | | | 142 |
| | | | | | 130 |
| | | | | | 160 |
| | |
| Total interest-earning assets | $ | 252,307 |
| | $ | 6,680 |
| | 2.63 | % | | $ | 217,713 |
| | $ | 4,624 |
| | 2.12 | % | | $ | 191,558 |
| | $ | 3,493 |
| | 1.82 | % |
| Funding sources | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 199,139 |
| | $ | 545 |
| | 0.27 | % | | $ | 163,998 |
| | $ | 148 |
| | 0.09 | % | | $ | 141,432 |
| | $ | 37 |
| | 0.03 | % |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 21,178 |
| | 56 |
| | 0.27 | % | | 25,403 |
| | 16 |
| | 0.06 | % | | 26,311 |
| | 3 |
| | 0.01 | % |
| Short-term borrowings | 3,359 |
| | 54 |
| | 1.59 | % | | 3,503 |
| | 41 |
| | 1.17 | % | | 1,864 |
| | 9 |
| | 0.48 | % |
| Long-term debt | 5,423 |
| | 190 |
| | 3.50 | % | | 3,431 |
| | 119 |
| | 3.47 | % | | 2,876 |
| | 104 |
| | 3.62 | % |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 229,099 |
| | 845 |
| | 0.37 | % | | 196,335 |
| | 324 |
| | 0.17 | % | | 172,483 |
| | 153 |
| | 0.09 | % |
| Non-interest-bearing funding sources | 23,208 |
| | | | | | 21,378 |
| | | | | | 19,075 |
| | | | |
| Other interest expense | | | 12 |
| | | | | | 18 |
| | | | | | 18 |
| | |
| Total funding sources | $ | 252,307 |
| | $ | 857 |
| | 0.34 | % | | $ | 217,713 |
| | $ | 342 |
| | 0.15 | % | | $ | 191,558 |
| | $ | 171 |
| | 0.09 | % |
| Net interest revenue | | | $ | 5,823 |
| | 2.29 | % | | | | $ | 4,282 |
| | 1.97 | % | | | | $ | 3,322 |
| | 1.73 | % |
(1) Amounts have been calculated based on amortized cost.
Net interest revenue increased $1.5$1.9 billion or 36%31%, in 20182021 from 2017, and $960 million, or 29%, in 2017 from 2016,2020, primarily due to higher interest rates andthe inclusion of TD Ameritrade as well as significant growth in overall interest-earning assets.assets, including higher investment portfolio balances and margin lending, as well as growth in securities lending revenue and bank loans, partially offset by lower average yields. Accelerated premium amortization stemming from elevated prepayments of mortgage-related debt securities in the AFS portfolio continued in 2021 and partially offset the growth in net interest revenue. Net premium amortization of investment securities totaled $2.3 billion in 2021 and $1.6 billion in 2020. TD Ameritrade contributed total net interest revenue of $1.9 billion during the year ended December 31, 2021 and $443 million in 2020 from October 6, through December 31, 2020.
Average interest-earning assets for 2021 were higher by 46%, compared to 2020. This increase was largely due to higher bank deposits and payables to brokerage clients, which resulted from strong net new client asset inflows, continued heightened client cash allocations driven by the low interest rate environment, BDA balance migrations, and the inclusion of TD Ameritrade for all of 2021.
Our net interest margin improved 32 basis pointsdeclined to 2.29%1.45% in 2018,2021, from 1.62% in 2020. This decrease was driven primarily as a resultby lower overall yields received on interest-earning assets, in part due to purchases of investment securities in 2020 and 2021 at rates below the Federal Reserve’s 2017average yield on the AFS portfolio. This more than offset the benefit of increased securities lending revenue and 2018higher margin utilization in 2021, which comprised 39% of net interest rate increases,revenue during 2021, growing from 19% of net interest revenue in 2020.
Net interest revenue decreased $403 million, or 6%, in 2020 from 2019, due primarily to lower average investment yields, partially offset by highergrowth in interest-earning assets and our acquisition of TD Ameritrade. Accelerated premium amortization on debt securities in 2020 also contributed to the reduction in net interest revenue, as the decline in long-term interest rates paid onin 2020 resulted in higher prepayments of mortgage-related debt securities. Average interest-earning assets for 2020 were higher by 40%, compared to 2019. This increase in average interest-earning assets was primarily driven by higher client cash balances in bank deposits and otherpayables to brokerage clients, due to higher client cash allocations and our acquisitions of TD Ameritrade and assets of USAA-IMCO. TD Ameritrade contributed approximately $12.0 billion of average interest-earning assets and $9.6 billion of average interest-bearing liabilities. liabilities to Schwab’s full-year 2020 averages.
Our net interest margin decreased to 1.62% in 2020, from 2.41% in 2019. This decrease was 1.97% in 2017, representing an improvement of 24 basis points compared to 2016,driven primarily by lower yields received on interest-earning assets due largely to the Federal Reserve’s 2019 and 2020 interest rate increases in 2016 and 2017.
Average interest earning assets grew 16% and 14% during 2018 and 2017, respectively, compared with the sequential prior years. These increases primarily reflect higher bank deposits due to transfers from sweep money market funds to bank sweep balances,reductions as well as changes in client cash allocations, partially offset by clienthigher premium amortization on mortgage-related debt securities. Due to the low interest rate environment, purchases of other assets.
In March 2017, $24.7 billion of debtinvestment securities in 2020 were transferred frommade at rates below the AFS category to the HTM category. The transfer had no effectaverage yield on the overallexisting AFS portfolio, which negatively impacted our net interest margin. For additional information on the transfer, see Item 8 – Note 6.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Asset Management and Administration Fees
Asset management and administration fees include mutual fund, ETF, and ETFCTF service fees and fees for other asset-based financial services provided to individual and institutional clients. Schwab earns mutual fund, ETF, and ETFCTF service fees for shareholder services, administration, and investment management provided to its proprietary funds, and recordkeeping and shareholder services provided to third-party funds. Asset management and administration fees are based upon the daily balances of client assets invested in these funds and do not include securities lending revenues earned by proprietary mutual funds, ETFs, and ETFs,CTFs, as those amounts, net of program fees, are credited to the fund shareholders. Proprietary CTFs may, but generally do not, directly participate in securities lending. The fair values of client assets included in proprietary and third-party mutual funds, ETFs, and ETFsCTFs are based on quoted market prices and other observable market data.
We also earn asset management fees for advice solutions, which include managed portfolios, specialized strategies, and customized investment advice. Other asset management and administration fees include various asset-based fees such as trust fees, 401(k) recordkeeping fees, mutual fund clearing fees, collective trust fund fees, and non-balance based service and transaction fees. Asset management and administration fees attributable to TD Ameritrade are primarily earned on client assets invested in money market mutual funds and other mutual funds, as well as advice solutions.
Asset management and administration fees vary with changes in the balances of client assets due to market fluctuations and client activity.
The following table presents asset management and administration fees, average client assets, and average fee yields:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee | | Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee | | Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee |
Schwab money market funds before fee
waivers | $ | 141,018 |
| | $ | 568 |
| | 0.40 | % | | $ | 160,735 |
| | $ | 875 |
| | 0.54 | % | | $ | 164,120 |
| | $ | 962 |
| | 0.59 | % |
| Fee waivers | | | — |
| | | | | | (10 | ) | | | | | | (224 | ) | | |
| Schwab money market funds | 141,018 |
| | 568 |
| | 0.40 | % | | 160,735 |
| | 865 |
| | 0.54 | % | | 164,120 |
| | 738 |
| | 0.45 | % |
| Schwab equity and bond funds and ETFs | 207,385 |
| | 258 |
| | 0.12 | % | | 158,625 |
| | 223 |
| | 0.14 | % | | 115,849 |
| | 217 |
| | 0.19 | % |
Mutual Fund OneSource® and other non- transaction fee funds | 210,429 |
| | 680 |
| | 0.32 | % | | 215,333 |
| | 706 |
| | 0.33 | % | | 199,389 |
| | 676 |
| | 0.34 | % |
Other third-party mutual funds and ETFs (1) | 328,150 |
| | 287 |
| | 0.09 | % | | 286,111 |
| | 251 |
| | 0.09 | % | | 254,584 |
| | 222 |
| | 0.09 | % |
Total mutual funds and ETFs (2) | $ | 886,982 |
| | 1,793 |
| | 0.20 | % | | $ | 820,804 |
| | 2,045 |
| | 0.25 | % | | $ | 733,942 |
| | 1,853 |
| | 0.25 | % |
Advice solutions (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fee-based | $ | 227,790 |
| | 1,139 |
| | 0.50 | % | | $ | 203,794 |
| | 1,043 |
| | 0.51 | % | | $ | 177,409 |
| | 915 |
| | 0.52 | % |
| Non-fee-based | 62,813 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 48,936 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 35,262 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Total advice solutions | $ | 290,603 |
| | 1,139 |
| | 0.39 | % | | $ | 252,730 |
| | 1,043 |
| | 0.41 | % | | $ | 212,671 |
| | 915 |
| | 0.43 | % |
Other balance-based fees (3) | 398,495 |
| | 250 |
| | 0.06 | % | | 417,659 |
| | 258 |
| | 0.06 | % | | 339,071 |
| | 235 |
| | 0.07 | % |
Other (4) | | | 47 |
| | | | | | 46 |
| | | | | | 52 |
| | |
Total asset management and administration
fees | | | $ | 3,229 |
| | | | | | $ | 3,392 |
| | | | | | $ | 3,055 |
| | |
(1) Includes Schwab ETF OneSource™.
(2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017, a change was made to add non-fee based average assets from managed portfolios. Average client assets for advice solutions may also include the asset balances contained in the mutual fund and/or ETF categories listed above. Prior periods have been adjusted to accommodate this change.
(3) Includes various asset-related fees, such as trust fees, 401(k) recordkeeping fees, and mutual fund clearing fees and other service fees. Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, a prospective methodology change was made to average client assets relating to 401(k) recordkeeping fees to provide improved insight into the associated fee driver, which resulted in an increase of approximately $25 billion. There was no impact to revenue or the average fee.
(4) Includes miscellaneous service and transaction fees relating to mutual funds and ETFs that are not balance-based.
Asset management and administration fees decreased by $163 million, or 5%, in 2018 from 2017, primarily due to lower money market fund revenue as a result of transfers to bank sweep, client asset allocation choices, and our 2017 fee reductions. Part of the decline was offset by revenue from growing asset balances in advice solutions, Schwab equity and bond funds and ETFs, and other third-party mutual funds and ETFs.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table presents asset management and administration fees, average client assets, and average fee yields:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee | | Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee | | Average
Client
Assets | | Revenue | | Average
Fee |
Schwab money market funds before fee
waivers | $ | 155,821 | | | $ | 457 | | | 0.29 | % | | $ | 200,119 | | | $ | 605 | | | 0.30 | % | | $ | 173,558 | | | $ | 525 | | | 0.30 | % |
| Fee waivers | | | (326) | | | | | | | (127) | | | | | | | — | | | |
| Schwab money market funds | 155,821 | | | 131 | | | 0.08 | % | | 200,119 | | | 478 | | | 0.24 | % | | 173,558 | | | 525 | | | 0.30 | % |
Schwab equity and bond funds, ETFs, and
CTFs | 423,999 | | | 380 | | | 0.09 | % | | 301,598 | | | 300 | | | 0.10 | % | | 267,213 | | | 298 | | | 0.11 | % |
Mutual Fund OneSource® and other non- transaction fee funds | 229,342 | | | 724 | | | 0.32 | % | | 192,464 | | | 599 | | | 0.31 | % | | 191,552 | | | 606 | | | 0.32 | % |
Other third-party mutual funds and ETFs (1,2) | 898,248 | | | 726 | | | 0.08 | % | | 525,379 | | | 393 | | | 0.07 | % | | 478,037 | | | 318 | | | 0.07 | % |
Total mutual funds, ETFs, and CTFs (3) | $ | 1,707,410 | | | 1,961 | | | 0.11 | % | | $ | 1,219,560 | | | 1,770 | | | 0.15 | % | | $ | 1,110,360 | | | 1,747 | | | 0.16 | % |
Advice solutions (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fee-based | $ | 452,503 | | | 1,993 | | | 0.44 | % | | $ | 306,010 | | | 1,443 | | | 0.47 | % | | $ | 246,888 | | | 1,198 | | | 0.49 | % |
| Non-fee-based | 89,911 | | | — | | | — | | | 73,161 | | | — | | | — | | | 70,191 | | | — | | | — | |
| Total advice solutions | $ | 542,414 | | | 1,993 | | | 0.37 | % | | $ | 379,171 | | | 1,443 | | | 0.38 | % | | $ | 317,079 | | | 1,198 | | | 0.38 | % |
Other balance-based fees (4) | 614,787 | | | 259 | | | 0.04 | % | | 451,350 | | | 208 | | | 0.05 | % | | 432,613 | | | 216 | | | 0.05 | % |
Other (5) | | | 61 | | | | | | | 54 | | | | | | | 50 | | | |
Total asset management and administration
fees | | | $ | 4,274 | | | | | | | $ | 3,475 | | | | | | | $ | 3,211 | | | |
(1) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019, Schwab ETF OneSourceTM was discontinued as a result of the elimination of online trading commissions for U.S. and Canadian-listed ETFs.
(2) Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, includes third-party money funds related to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade.
(3) Average client assets for advice solutions may also include the asset balances contained in the mutual fund and/or ETF categories listed above.
(4) Includes various asset-related fees, such as trust fees, 401(k) recordkeeping fees, and mutual fund clearing fees and other service fees.
(5) Includes miscellaneous service and transaction fees relating to mutual funds and ETFs that are not balance-based.
Asset management and administration fees increased by $337$799 million, or 11%23%, in 20172021 from 20162020, due to higher average client assets investedthe acquisition of TD Ameritrade, as well as additional growth in advice solutions and proprietary and third-party mutual funds and ETFs, which were due in part to strength in net new client assets and lowerequity markets in 2021. These increases were partially offset by the effect of money market fund fee waivers ondue to lower portfolio yields as well as lower money market funds. Partially offsetting these increasesfund balances. Asset management and administration fees attributable to TD Ameritrade were lower$598 million in 2021 and $131 million from October 6, through December 31, 2020. The amount of fee waivers in coming quarters is dependent on a variety of factors, including the level of short-term interest rates on proprietaryand client preferences across our money market fund line-up.
Asset management and administration fees increased by $264 million, or 8%, in 2020 from 2019, primarily due to higher balances in advice solutions, including managed account assets from USAA and TD Ameritrade, overall gains in equity markets, as well as higher purchased money market funds and other indexedthird-party mutual funds and ETFs, in 2020 relative to 2019. These increases were partially offset by the effect of money market fund fee waivers due to fee reductions implemented by Schwab in 2017.declining portfolio yields.
The following table presents a roll forward of client assets for the Schwab money market funds, Schwab equity and bond funds, ETFs, and ETFs,CTFs, and Mutual Fund OneSource® and other non-transaction fee (NTF) funds. The following funds generated 47%29%, 53%40%, and 53%45% of the asset management and administration fees earned during 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Schwab Money | | Schwab Equity and | | Mutual Fund OneSource® |
| | Market Funds | | Bond Funds, ETFs, and CTFs | | and Other NTF Funds |
| Year Ended December 31, | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 176,089 | | | $ | 200,826 | | | $ | 153,472 | | | $ | 341,689 | | | $ | 286,275 | | | $ | 209,471 | | | $ | 223,857 | | | $ | 202,068 | | | $ | 180,532 | |
| Net inflows (outflows) | | (29,621) | | | (25,894) | | | 44,077 | | | 48,291 | | | 17,200 | | | 26,039 | | | (15,760) | | | (20,246) | | | (19,930) | |
| Net market gains (losses) and other | | 41 | | | 1,157 | | | 3,277 | | | 64,884 | | | 38,214 | | | 50,765 | | | 26,843 | | | 42,035 | | | 41,466 | |
| Balance at end of period | | $ | 146,509 | | | $ | 176,089 | | | $ | 200,826 | | | $ | 454,864 | | | $ | 341,689 | | | $ | 286,275 | | | $ | 234,940 | | | $ | 223,857 | | | $ | 202,068 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Schwab Money | | Schwab Equity and | | Mutual Fund OneSource® |
| | | Market Funds | | Bond Funds and ETFs | | and Other NTF Funds |
| Year Ended December 31, | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 163,650 |
| | $ | 163,495 |
| | $ | 166,148 |
| | $ | 181,608 |
| | $ | 125,813 |
| | $ | 102,112 |
| | $ | 225,202 |
| | $ | 198,924 |
| | $ | 207,654 |
|
| Net inflows (outflows) | | (11,641 | ) | | (486 | ) | | (2,765 | ) | | 31,091 |
| | 30,771 |
| | 13,858 |
| | (37,513 | ) | | (27,485 | ) | | (22,469 | ) |
Net market gains (losses) and other (1) | | 1,463 |
| | 641 |
| | 112 |
| | (17,589 | ) | | 25,024 |
| | 9,843 |
| | (7,157 | ) | | 53,763 |
| | 13,739 |
|
| Balance at end of period | | $ | 153,472 |
| | $ | 163,650 |
| | $ | 163,495 |
| | $ | 195,110 |
| | $ | 181,608 |
| | $ | 125,813 |
| | $ | 180,532 |
| | $ | 225,202 |
| | $ | 198,924 |
|
(1) Includes net inflows from other third-party mutual funds to Mutual Fund OneSource® THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in the second quarter of 2017.Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Trading Revenue
Trading revenue includes commissioncommissions, order flow revenue, and principal transaction revenues. Commission revenue is affected by the numbervolume and mix of trades executed. Order flow revenue is comprised of rebate payments received from trade execution venues to which our broker-dealer subsidiaries send equity and option orders. Order flow revenue is affected by volume and mix of client trades, executed and the average revenue earned per revenue trade.as well as pricing received from trade execution venues. Principal transaction revenue is recognized primarily comprisedas a result of revenue from trading activity in fixed income securities with clients. To accommodateaccommodating clients’ fixed income trading activity, Schwab maintains positions in fixed income securities, including U.S. state and municipal debt obligations, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities. The difference between the price at which the Company buys and sells securities to and from its clients and other broker-dealers is recognized as principal transaction revenue. Principal transaction revenue also includes adjustments to the fair value of these securities positions.positions held to facilitate such client trading activity.
The following table presents trading revenue and related information:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | Growth Rate
2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Trading Revenue | 193 | % | | $ | 4,152 | | | $ | 1,416 | | | $ | 752 | |
| Clients' daily average trades (DATs) (in thousands) | 150 | % | | 6,507.0 | | | 2,602.6 | | | 748.9 | |
| Number of trading days | — | | | 251.5 | | | 252.0 | | | 250.5 | |
Revenue per trade (1) | 18 | % | | $ | 2.54 | | | $ | 2.16 | | | $ | 4.01 | |
Note: Effective October 7, 2019, CS&Co eliminated online trade commissions for U.S. and Canadian-listed stocks and ETFs, as well as the related drivers:base charge on options. TD Ameritrade, Inc. also does not charge for these types of trades and does not have a base charge on options.
(1) Revenue per trade is calculated as trading revenue divided by DATs multiplied by the number of trading days. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | Growth Rate
2017-2018 |
| | 2018 |
| | 2017 |
| | 2016 |
|
| DARTs (in thousands) | 31 | % | | 420.9 |
| | 321.3 |
| | 291.6 |
|
| Clients’ daily average trades (in thousands) | 26 | % | | 765.4 |
| | 608.8 |
| | 561.8 |
|
| Number of trading days | — |
| | 249.5 |
| | 250.0 |
| | 251.5 |
|
| Daily average revenue per revenue trade | (12 | )% | | $ | 7.23 |
| | $ | 8.20 |
| | $ | 11.23 |
|
| Trading revenue | 17 | % | | $ | 763 |
| | $ | 654 |
| | $ | 825 |
|
Trading revenue increased $2.7 billion, or 193% in 2021 compared to 2020, primarily due to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and heightened client engagement, which drove significantly higher DATs throughout 2021. This increased trading activity and a higher percentage of derivatives trades drove significant growth in commissions and order flow revenue. Overall, TD Ameritrade contributed $3.3 billion of trading revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $667 million of trading revenue from October 6, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
Trading revenue increased by $109$664 million, or 17%88%, in 20182020 compared to 2017. DART volumes increased 31% in 2018, which more than offset Schwab’s commission pricing reductions implemented in the first quarter of 2017. Trading revenue decreased by $171 million in 2017 from 2016,2019, primarily due to lower commissionsthe acquisition of TD Ameritrade. In addition, the Company saw a significant increase in DATs and higher order flow revenue in 2020, which were partially offset by the Company’s October 2019 pricing actions. Order flow revenue increased by $486 million in 2020 compared to 2019. This increase in order flow revenue in 2020 was due to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and a higher volume of trades throughout 2020 relative to 2019.
Bank Deposit Account Fees
In connection with our acquisition of TD Ameritrade, the Company began earning bank deposit account fee revenue beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020 pursuant to the IDA agreement and arrangements with other third-party banks. Bank deposit account fees are primarily affected by average BDA balances and the floating- and fixed-rate reference yields. Fees earned under the IDA agreement are affected by changes in interest rates on DARTs.and the composition of balances designated as fixed- and floating-rate.
Bank deposit account fees totaled $1.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $355 million from October 6, 2020 through December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021 and the period of October 6, 2020 through December 31, 2020, the total average BDA balance was $158.4 billion and $161.3 billion, respectively, of which approximately 80% was designated as fixed-rate obligation amounts and approximately 20% as floating-rate obligation amounts for both periods.
During 2021, the first quarterCompany transferred $10.6 billion of 2017, we announced two trading price reductionsBDA balances to its balance sheet from the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party banks. Transfers of BDA balances to Schwab’s balance sheet result in lower balances upon which lowered standard equity, ETF,bank deposit account fee revenue is earned but provide a source of funding to invest in interest-earning assets to increase net interest revenue. See also Capital Management and option trade commissions from $8.95Item 8 – Note 15 for discussion of the IDA agreement and the potential to $4.95 and lowered the per contract option fee from $.75move IDA balances to $.65. These reductions in commission rates reflect our continuing belief that pricing should never be an obstacle for choosing Schwab and our commitment to share the benefits of scale with clients.Schwab’s balance sheet.
With these changes, trading revenue has declined from a peak of 50%-60% of total revenue in the early 1990’s to the current low of 8% in 2018, 8% in 2017, and 11% in 2016.
Other Revenue
Other revenue includes order flow revenue, otherexchange processing fees, certain service fees, software fees, from our portfolio management solutions, exchange processing fees, and non-recurring gains. Order flowOther revenue was $139increased $417 million, during 2018, $114 million for 2017, and $103 millionor 126%, in 2016. These increases were2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to higher rebate rates received on certain typesthe full-year inclusion of TD Ameritrade’s results in 2021. Other revenue attributable to TD Ameritrade totaled $462 million and $110 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Other revenue increased $90 million, or 37%, in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to higher exchange processing fees resulting from higher trade volumes and the acquisition of TD Ameritrade.
orders and higher volume of trades. In 2016, other revenue also included net litigation proceeds of $16 million related to our non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities portfolios.
Total Expenses Excluding Interest
The following table shows a comparison of total expenses excluding interest:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Growth Rate 2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Compensation and benefits | | | | | | | |
| Salaries and wages | 31 | % | | $ | 3,161 | | | $ | 2,416 | | | $ | 1,958 | |
| Incentive compensation | 55 | % | | 1,443 | | | 932 | | | 804 | |
| Employee benefits and other | 40 | % | | 846 | | | 606 | | | 558 | |
| Total compensation and benefits | 38 | % | | $ | 5,450 | | | $ | 3,954 | | | $ | 3,320 | |
| Professional services | 18 | % | | 994 | | | 843 | | | 702 | |
| Occupancy and equipment | 39 | % | | 976 | | | 703 | | | 559 | |
| Advertising and market development | 49 | % | | 485 | | | 326 | | | 307 | |
| Communications | 66 | % | | 587 | | | 353 | | | 253 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 33 | % | | 549 | | | 414 | | | 322 | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | N/M | | 615 | | | 190 | | | 27 | |
| Regulatory fees and assessments | 69 | % | | 275 | | | 163 | | | 122 | |
| Other | 97 | % | | 876 | | | 445 | | | 261 | |
| Total expenses excluding interest | 46 | % | | $ | 10,807 | | | $ | 7,391 | | | $ | 5,873 | |
| Expenses as a percentage of total net revenues | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | 29 | % | | 34 | % | | 31 | % |
| Advertising and market development | | | 3 | % | | 3 | % | | 3 | % |
| Full-time equivalent employees (in thousands) | | | | | | | |
| At year end | 4 | % | | 33.4 | | 32.0 | | 19.7 |
| Average | 36 | % | | 32.5 | | 23.9 | | 20.0 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Growth Rate 2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Compensation and benefits | | | | | | | |
| Salaries and wages | 13 | % | | $ | 1,692 |
| | $ | 1,496 |
| | $ | 1,368 |
|
| Incentive compensation | 7 | % | | 855 |
| | 797 |
| | 689 |
|
| Employee benefits and other | 15 | % | | 510 |
| | 444 |
| | 409 |
|
| Total compensation and benefits | 12 | % | | $ | 3,057 |
| | $ | 2,737 |
| | $ | 2,466 |
|
| Professional services | 13 | % | | 654 |
| | 580 |
| | 506 |
|
| Occupancy and equipment | 14 | % | | 496 |
| | 436 |
| | 398 |
|
| Advertising and market development | 17 | % | | 313 |
| | 268 |
| | 265 |
|
| Communications | 5 | % | | 242 |
| | 231 |
| | 237 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 14 | % | | 306 |
| | 269 |
| | 234 |
|
| Regulatory fees and assessments | 6 | % | | 189 |
| | 179 |
| | 144 |
|
| Other | 17 | % | | 313 |
| | 268 |
| | 235 |
|
| Total expenses excluding interest | 12 | % | | $ | 5,570 |
| | $ | 4,968 |
| | $ | 4,485 |
|
| Expenses as a percentage of total net revenues | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | 30 | % | | 32 | % | | 33 | % |
| Advertising and market development | | | 3 | % | | 3 | % | | 4 | % |
| Full-time equivalent employees (in thousands) | | | | | | | |
| At year end | 11 | % | | 19.5 |
| | 17.6 |
| | 16.2 |
|
| Average | 11 | % | | 18.7 |
| | 16.9 |
| | 15.9 |
|
ExpensesTotal expenses excluding interest increased $3.4 billion, or 46%, in 20182021 from 2020, and 2017$1.5 billion, or 26%, in 2020 from the prior years by 12%2019. Total expenses excluding interest included amounts from TD Ameritrade of $3.1 billion in 2021 and 11%$943 million in 2020 from October 6, through December 31, 2020. Adjusted total expenses, which excludes acquisition and integration-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets, increased $3.0 billion, or 44%, respectively. The largest driversin 2021 from 2020 and $939 million, or 16%, in 2020 from 2019. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further details and a reconciliation of the increase in both years were compensation and benefits and professional services.such measures to GAAP reported results.
Total compensation and benefits increased in 2018 and 20172021 from prior years, primarily2020 due to increasesthe inclusion of TD Ameritrade and growth in employee headcount. The 2021 increase reflected TDA’s full-year contribution of $1.2 billion of compensation and benefits expense compared with $453 million in 2020. The increase in 2021 was also due to additional headcount to support our expanding client base. Additionally,base and service levels amidst heightened client engagement, a higher bonus accrual, annual merit increases, as well as a 5% employee salary increase and other targeted compensation adjustments that went into effect in 2018late 2021. Total compensation and benefits expense increased from 2020 to 2019, primarily due to an overall increase in employee headcount related to our acquisitions of TDA and USAA-IMCO. The increase in 2020 from 2019 also reflected the Company’s payment of $1,000 to all non-officer employees were issued special stock awards totaling $36 million.in March 2020 to help them cover costs incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Compensation and benefits included acquisition and integration-related costs of $283 million and $235 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Professional services expense increased in 2018 and 20172021 from the prior years,2020, primarily due to higher spending on technology projects as well as an increase in asset managementthe inclusion of TDA’s results of operations and administration related expenses resulting fromoverall growth in the Schwab Funds®business. The increase in 2020 from 2019 was primarily due to acquisition and Schwab ETFs™.integration-related costs in 2020 of $158 million.
Occupancy and equipment expense increased in 2018 and 20172021 from the prior years,2020, primarily due the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations, costs related to an increase in software maintenance expensesthe integration of TD Ameritrade, and additional licenses to supportoverall growth in the business.
Advertising and market development expense rose The increase in 2018, primarily reflecting management’s decision to increase television advertising and digital media spending in the fourth quarter.
Depreciation and amortization expenses grew in 2018 and 20172020 from the prior years, primarily due to higher amortization of internally developed software associated with our investments in software and technology enhancements.
2019 was
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Regulatory fees assessments increased in 2018 and 2017primarily due to the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations from the prior years, due toOctober 6, 2020 forward, as well as an increase in FDIC insurance assessmentstechnology equipment costs associated with higher client trade volumes and overall growth in the business.
Advertising and market development expense increased in 2021 from 2020, primarily due the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations.
Communications expense increased in 2021 from 2020 primarily due to the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations, as well as higher communications expense due to higher customer trade volumes and overall growth of the business. The increase in 2020 from 2019 was primarily due to the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations from October 6, 2020 forward and higher news and quotation services expenses due to higher trade volumes.
Depreciation and amortization expenses grew in 2021 from 2020, primarily from growth in fixed assets from the TDA acquisition. As a result of capital expenditures to support growth in the business and the integration of TD Ameritrade, 2021 also reflected higher amortization of purchased and internally developed software and higher depreciation of hardware, as well as higher depreciation of buildings. The growth in 2020 from 2019 was primarily due to higher amortization of purchased and internally developed software, higher depreciation and amortization of equipment, office facilities, and property recognized in the TDA acquisition, as well as higher depreciation of buildings and equipment related to the expansion of our U.S. campuses in 2019 and 2020. As a result of significant capital expenditures in 2021 and anticipated for 2022 as described below, the Company expects to recognize higher depreciation and amortization expense in 2022. The periods over which rosedepreciation and amortization are recognized on these capitalized costs are based on the expected useful lives of the types of assets capitalized and when the assets are placed into service.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets increased in 2021 from 2020 and in 2020 from 2019 as a result of the acquisitions completed during 2020.
Regulatory fees and assessments increased in 2021 from 2020, primarily as result of the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations and overall growth in the business, including higher average assets in deposit balances. ThisFDIC assessments due to asset growth. The increase in 20182020 from 2019 was partially offset byprimarily due to the eliminationinclusion of TDA’s results of operations from October 6, 2020 forward, and higher FDIC insurance assessments and other regulatory assessments due to growth in assets and overall growth of the FDIC surchargebusiness in the fourth quarter of 2018.2020.
Other expenses increased in 20182021 from 20172020, primarily due to the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations and a charge of approximately $200 million for a regulatory matter in 2021 (see Item 8 – Note 15), partially offset by certain lower clearing charges and exchange fees. The increase in 2020 from 2019 was primarily from the inclusion of TDA’s results of operations from October 6, 2020 forward, and increases in processing fees and related expenses due to higher client trade volumes and market volatility. These increases were partially offset by lower travel and entertainment and miscellaneous items due to overall growthexpense in our business.2020. Other expenses increased in 2017 from 2016 due to travel2020 included acquisition and entertainment, asset volume-related increases, and some miscellaneous items.integration-related costs of $30 million.
Capital expenditures primarily include capitalized software costs, information technology and telecommunications equipment, and buildings. Total capital expenditures were $576 million, $412$1.0 billion, $741 million, and $353$753 million in 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively. The increase in capital expenditures in both 2018 and 20172021 from the prior years2020 was primarily due to thehigher information technology and telecommunications equipment and higher capitalized software costs, partially offset by lower building expansion ofin 2021. The increases in spending in 2021 reflect investments made to support our campusesTDA integration efforts and enhance our technological infrastructure to support greater capacity for our expanding client base. Capital expenditures decreased in the U.S.2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to lower building expansion in 2020, largely offset by higher capitalized software costs. Capitalized software costs totaled $559 million, $453 million, and investments$188 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Investments in information technology projects. The largest component of capital expendituresand telecommunications equipment were $340 million, $60 million, and $81 million in 2018 was investment2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Investments in buildings of $253 million. Capitalized costs for developing internal-use software totaled $167were $102 million, $157$173 million, and $130$397 million in 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively. Our capital
Capital expenditures for 2018 came in at the lower end of our estimated range of 6-7%were 6% of total net revenues largely duein 2021, within our estimated range for the year. In 2022, we will continue to invest to support the timing ofTDA integration and greater capacity for our campus expansion work. As we carry this work forward in 2019 and invest further in technology projects, weexpanding client base. We anticipate capital expenditures for the yearin 2022 will reachbe approximately 7-9%4-5% of total net revenues. Our longer term expectation for capital expenditures remains in the range of 3-5% of total net revenues.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Taxes on Income
As previously discussed under Current Regulatory Environment and Other Developments, the Tax Act was signed into law during 2017. Among other things, the Tax Act lowered the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, beginning in 2018.
Also as a result of the Tax Act, Schwab recognized a $46 million one-time non-cash charge to taxes on income in the fourth quarter of 2017 associated with the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets and other tax adjustments related to the Tax Act.
Effective January 1, 2017, Schwab adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, which prospectively changed the accounting treatment of a portion of the tax deductions relating to equity compensation. These deductions were previously reflected directly in additional paid-in capital, a component of stockholders’ equity, and are now included in taxes on income, a component of net income. As a result of this change, our tax expense was reduced by approximately $46 million and $87 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Future effects will depend on our share price, restricted stock vesting, and the volume of equity incentive options exercised.
Schwab’s effective income tax rate on income before taxes was 23.1%24.1% in 2018, 35.5%2021, 23.3% in 2017,2020, and 36.9%23.6% in 2016.2019. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2021 from 2020 was primarily related to non-recurring federal tax benefits recognized in 2020, including settlement of the IRS examination for tax years 2011-2014, the tax impact of a non-deductible regulatory matter charge in 2021 (see Item 8 – Note 15), and additional income tax expense from the filing of 2020 tax returns during 2021. Partially offsetting the increases in the effective tax rate from these items was an increase in equity compensation tax deduction benefits during 2021. The decrease in rates over this three-year time periodthe effective tax rate in 2020 from 2019 was primarily due to the net impactfederal and state tax benefits recognized during 2020, including settlement of the above items.IRS examination of tax years 2011-2014, the expiration of the statute of limitations on certain federal and state uncertain tax positions, and tax benefits realized from the filing of state tax returns, as well as an increase in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) benefits. Offsetting the decrease in the effective tax rate from these items was an increase in nondeductible acquisition costs and FDIC insurance premium disallowance, as well as a decrease in equity compensation tax deduction benefits.
Segment Information
Schwab provides financial services to individuals and institutional clients through two segments – Investor Services and Advisor Services. The Investor Services segment provides retail brokerage and banking services, retirement plan services, and other corporate brokerage services to individual investors. The Advisor Services segment provides custodial, trading, banking, and support services as well as retirement business services to independent RIAs, independent retirement advisors and recordkeepers. Revenues and expenses are attributed to the two segments based on which segment services the client. Management evaluates the performance of the segments on a pre-tax basis. Segment assets and liabilities are not used for evaluating segment performance or in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. Net revenues in both segments are generated from the underlying client assets and trading activity; differences in the composition of net revenues between the segments are based on the composition of client assets, client trading frequency, and pricing unique to each. While both segments leverage the scale and efficiency of our platforms, segment expenses reflect the dynamics of serving millions of clients in Investor Services versus the thousands of RIAs on the advisorAdvisor Services platform.
The Company integrated its business and asset acquisitions during 2020 into its two existing reportable segments. Revenues and expenses from our acquisition of USAA-IMCO are allocated to Investor Services only; revenues and expenses from TD Ameritrade and our other 2020 acquisitions are attributed to both Investor Services and Advisor Services based on which segment services the client. See Item 8 – Note 3 for more information regarding acquisitions.
Financial information for our segments is presented in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Investor Services | | Advisor Services | | Total |
| | Growth Rate
2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Growth Rate
2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Growth Rate
2020-2021 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | | 38% | | $ | 6,052 | | | $ | 4,391 | | $ | 4,685 | | | 15% | | $ | 1,978 | | | $ | 1,722 | | | $ | 1,831 | | | 31% | | $ | 8,030 | | | $ | 6,113 | | | $ | 6,516 | |
Asset management and
administration fees | | 23% | | 3,130 | | | 2,544 | | 2,289 | | | 23% | | 1,144 | | | 931 | | | 922 | | | 23% | | 4,274 | | | 3,475 | | | 3,211 | |
| Trading revenue | | N/M | | 3,753 | | | 1,156 | | 503 | | | 53% | | 399 | | | 260 | | | 249 | | | 193% | | 4,152 | | | 1,416 | | | 752 | |
Bank deposit account
fees | | N/M | | 964 | | | 255 | | — | | | N/M | | 351 | | | 100 | | | — | | | N/M | | 1,315 | | | 355 | | | — | |
| Other | | 115% | | 562 | | | 262 | | 146 | | | 167% | | 187 | | | 70 | | | 96 | | | 126% | | 749 | | | 332 | | | 242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total net revenues | | 68% | | 14,461 | | | 8,608 | | 7,623 | | | 32% | | 4,059 | | | 3,083 | | | 3,098 | | | 58% | | 18,520 | | | 11,691 | | | 10,721 | |
Expenses Excluding
Interest | | 50% | | 8,289 | | | 5,529 | | 4,284 | | | 35% | | 2,518 | | | 1,862 | | | 1,589 | | | 46% | | 10,807 | | | 7,391 | | | 5,873 | |
Income before taxes
on income | | 100% | | $ | 6,172 | | | $ | 3,079 | | $ | 3,339 | | | 26% | | $ | 1,541 | | | $ | 1,221 | | | $ | 1,509 | | | 79% | | $ | 7,713 | | | $ | 4,300 | | | $ | 4,848 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net new client assets (in billions) (1,2,3) | | (82)% | | $ | 200.9 | | | $ | 1,106.4 | | $ | 115.6 | | | (63)% | | $ | 315.3 | | | $ | 846.1 | | | $ | 107.2 | | | (74)% | | $ | 516.2 | | | $ | 1,952.5 | | | $ | 222.8 | |
(1) In 2021, Investor Services includes outflows of $42.0 billion from mutual fund clearing services clients.
(2) In 2020, Investor Services includes inflows of $890.7 billion related to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and $79.9 billion related to the acquisition of assets of USAA-IMCO. Additionally, 2020 and 2019 include inflows of $10.9 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively, from certain mutual fund clearing services clients.
(3) In 2020, Advisor Services includes inflows of $680.6 billion related to the acquisition of TD Ameritrade and $8.5 billion related to the acquisition of Wasmer Schroeder.
N/M Not meaningful. Percentage changes greater than 200% are presented as not meaningful.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Segment Net Revenues
Financial information for our segments is presented in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Investor Services | | Advisor Services | | Total |
| | | Growth Rate
2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | Growth Rate
2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | Growth Rate
2017-2018 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | | 34 | % | | $ | 4,341 |
| | $ | 3,231 |
| | $ | 2,591 |
| | 41 | % | | $ | 1,482 |
| | $ | 1,051 |
| | $ | 731 |
| | 36 | % | | $ | 5,823 |
| | $ | 4,282 |
| | $ | 3,322 |
|
Asset management and
administration fees | | (4 | )% | | 2,260 |
| | 2,344 |
| | 2,093 |
| | (8 | )% | | 969 |
| | 1,048 |
| | 962 |
| | (5 | )% | | 3,229 |
| | 3,392 |
| | 3,055 |
|
| Trading revenue | | 16 | % | | 475 |
| | 408 |
| | 524 |
| | 17 | % | | 288 |
| | 246 |
| | 301 |
| | 17 | % | | 763 |
| | 654 |
| | 825 |
|
| Other | | 13 | % | | 245 |
| | 217 |
| | 203 |
| | (1 | )% | | 72 |
| | 73 |
| | 73 |
| | 9 | % | | 317 |
| | 290 |
| | 276 |
|
| Total net revenues | | 18 | % | | 7,321 |
| | 6,200 |
| | 5,411 |
| | 16 | % | | 2,811 |
| | 2,418 |
| | 2,067 |
| | 18 | % | | 10,132 |
| | 8,618 |
| | 7,478 |
|
Expenses Excluding
Interest | | 11 | % | | 4,145 |
| | 3,725 |
| | 3,380 |
| | 15 | % | | 1,425 |
| | 1,243 |
| | 1,105 |
| | 12 | % | | 5,570 |
| | 4,968 |
| | 4,485 |
|
Income before taxes
on income | | 28 | % | | $ | 3,176 |
| | $ | 2,475 |
| | $ | 2,031 |
| | 18 | % | | $ | 1,386 |
| | $ | 1,175 |
| | $ | 962 |
| | 25 | % | | $ | 4,562 |
| | $ | 3,650 |
| | $ | 2,993 |
|
Investor Services
Total and Advisor Services total net revenues increased by $1.1 billion, or 18%68% and 32%, respectively, in 20182021 compared to 2020. Both segments experienced growth in all revenue line items, primarily due to the full-year inclusion of TD Ameritrade’s results in 2021. In addition, net interest revenue increased for Advisor Services due to growth in interest-earning assets, partially offset by lower average yields. Growth in asset management and administration fees in Investor Services was supported by growth in advice solutions, and asset management and administration fees increased in both segments due to rising balances in proprietary and third-party mutual funds and ETFs, partially offset by money market fund fee waivers and lower money market fund balances. The increase in trading revenue for Investor Services was supported by heightened client trading activity. Bank deposit account fee revenue was earned at both segments for the full year in 2021 compared to only the fourth quarter of 2020, following the October 6, 2020 TD Ameritrade acquisition.
Investor Services total net revenues increased by 13% in 2020 from 20172019, while Advisor Services total net revenues remained relatively consistent year-over-year. Investor Services’ growth was primarily due to an increase in net interesttrading revenue, higher asset management and administration fees, and the initial recognition of bank deposit account fees in the fourth quarter of 2020, partially offset by lower asset management and administration fees. Netnet interest revenue. For Advisor Services, bank deposit account fees largely offset a decrease in net interest revenue, increased primarily due to higher net interest margins and higher balances of interest-earning assets. Asset management and administration fees decreased primarily due to lower money market fund revenue as a result of transfers to bank sweep, client asset allocation choices, and our 2017 fee reductions. Expenses excluding interest increased by $420 million, or 11%, in 2018 from 2017 primarily due to higher compensation and benefits, technology project spend, and asset management and administration related expenses to support our expanding client base.
Total net revenues increased by $789 million, or 15%, in 2017 from 2016 primarily due to increases in net interestwhile trading revenue and asset management and administration fees partially offset by a decreasewere consistent with 2019. Trading revenue increased significantly in trading revenue. Net interest revenue increasedthe Investor Services segment primarily due to higher net interest marginsthe TD Ameritrade acquisition and higher balances of interest-earning assets.trade volumes in 2020. Asset management and administration fees increased in 2020 for Investor Services primarily due to higher clientbalances in advice solutions, including managed account assets enrolled in advisory solutionsfrom USAA and TD Ameritrade, as well as higher net fees onpurchased money market funds and other third-party mutual funds and ETFs, partially offset by the effect of money fund assets. Tradingfee waivers. Net interest revenue decreased for both segments primarily due to lower commission rates.average investment yields, partially offset by growth in interest-earning assets.
Segment Expenses Excluding Interest
Investor Services and Advisor Services total expenses excluding interest increased by $345 million, or 10%50% and 35%, respectively, in 2017 from 20162021 compared to 2020, primarily due to the inclusion of a full year of TD Ameritrade’s results of operations. In addition, both segments saw higher compensation and benefits technology project spend, asset management and administration related expenses and regulatory fee assessments.
Advisor Services
Total net revenues increased by $393 million or 16%, in 2018 from 2017 primarily due to an increase in net interest revenue, partially offset by lower asset management and administration fees. Net interest revenue increased primarily due to higher net interest margins and higher balances of interest-earning assets. Asset management and administration fees decreased primarily due to lower money market fund revenue as a result of transfers to bank sweep, client asset allocation choices, and our 2017 fee reductions. Expenses excluding interest increased by $182 million, or 15%, in 2018 from 2017 primarily due to higher compensation and benefits, technology project spend, and asset management and administration related expensesadditional headcount increases to support our expanding client base.
Total net revenuesbase and service levels amidst heightened client engagement, higher bonus accrual, as well as annual merit increases and a 5% employee salary increase that went into effect late in the third quarter. For Investor Services, total expenses excluding interest also increased by $351 million, or 17%, in 2017 from 2016 primarily due to increasesa charge of approximately $200 million in net interest revenue2021 for a regulatory matter (see Item 8 – Note 15).
Investor Services and asset management and administration fees, partially offset by a decrease in trading revenue. Net interest revenue increased primarily due to higher balances of interest-earning assets and higher net interest margins. Asset management and administration fees increased primarily due to higher fees from growth in client assets invested in ETFs and equity and bond funds, and higher net fees on money market fund assets. Trading revenue decreased primarily due to lower commission rates. ExpensesAdvisor Services total expenses excluding interest increased by $138 million, or 12%29% and 17%, respectively, in 2017 from 20162020 compared to 2019, primarily due to higher compensationthe inclusion of TD Ameritrade’s expenses from October 6, 2020 forward and acquisition and integration-related costs. Compensation and benefits technology project spend, asset managementincreased in both segments primarily due to the acquisition of TDA and administration relatedoverall headcount growth to support our expanding client base, with Investor Services increasing more significantly due to greater headcount growth from the TDA acquisition and the hiring of approximately 400 former USAA employees in connection with the USAA-IMCO acquisition. Both segments also saw increases in professional services, depreciation and amortization, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and other expenses, primarily due to the inclusion of TDA’s expenses from October 6, 2020 forward as well as acquisition and regulatory fee assessments.integration-related costs, with Investor Services’ expenses increasing more significantly due to overall size of the segment’s client base and greater client base growth from TDA.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
RISK MANAGEMENT
Schwab’s business activities expose it to a variety of risks, including operational, compliance, credit, market, liquidity, and complianceliquidity risks. The Company has a comprehensive risk management program to identify and manage these risks and their associated potential for financial and reputational impact. Despite our efforts to identify areas of risk and implement risk management policies and procedures, there can be no assurance that Schwab will not suffer unexpected losses due to these risks.
Our risk management process is comprised of risk identification and assessment, risk measurement, risk monitoring and reporting, and risk mitigation.mitigation controls; we use periodic risk and control self-assessments, control testing programs, and internal audit reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of these internal controls. The activities and governance that comprise the risk management process are described below.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
As part of our integration of TD Ameritrade, the Company has aligned TD Ameritrade’s risk management practices with Schwab’s risk appetite. Our integration work included evaluating new or changed risks impacting the combined company, and taking action through various means. Though integration work continues, the Company’s operations, inclusive of TD Ameritrade, remain consistent with our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework.
Culture
The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)ERM framework that incorporates our purpose, vision, and values, which form the bedrock of our corporate culture and set the tone for the organization.
We designed the ERM Framework to enable a comprehensive approach to managing risks encountered by Schwab in its business activities. The framework incorporates key concepts commensurate with the size, risk profile, complexity, and continuing growth of the Company. Risk appetite, which is defined as the amount of risk the Company is willing to accept in pursuit of its corporate strategy, is developed by executive management and approved by the Board of Directors.
Risk Governance
Senior management takes an active role in the risk management process and has developed policies and procedures under which specific business and control units are responsible for identifying, measuring, and controlling risks.
The Global Risk Committee, which is comprised of senior executives from each major business and control function, is responsible for the oversight of risk management. This includes identifying emerging risks, assessing risk management practices and the control environment, reinforcing business accountability for risk management, supervisory controls and regulatory compliance, supporting resource prioritization across the organization, and escalating significant issues to the Board of Directors.
We have established risk metrics and reporting that enable measurement of the impact of strategy execution against risk appetite. The risk metrics, with risk limits and tolerance levels, are established for key risk categories by the Global Risk Committee and its functional risk sub-committees.
The Chief Risk Officer regularly reports activities of the Global Risk Committee to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. The Board Risk Committee in turn assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to our risk management program, including approving risk appetite statements and related key risk appetite metrics and reviewing reports relating to risk issues from functional areas of corporate risk management, legal, compliance, and internal audit.
Functional risk sub-committees focusing on specific areas of risk report to the Global Risk Committee. These sub-committees include the:
•Operational Risk Oversight Committee – provides oversight of and approves operational risk management policies, risk tolerance levels, and operational risk governance processes, and includes sub-committees covering Information Security, Technology, Fraud, Third-Party Risk, Data, and Model Governance;
•Compliance Risk Committee – provides oversight of compliance risk management programs (inclusive of Anti-Money Laundering/Sanctions, Conduct, Fiduciary, and Privacy), policies, and risk tolerance levels providing an aggregate view of compliance risk exposure and includes a subcommitteeemployee conduct, including subcommittees covering Fiduciary and Conflicts of Interest Risk and International Compliance Risk;
•Financial Risk Oversight Committee – provides oversight of and approves capital, credit, market, liquidity, and marketcapital risk policies, limits, and exposures; and
•New Products and Services Risk Oversight Committee – provides oversight of, and approves corporate policy and procedures relating to, the risk governance of new products and services; andservices.
Operational Risk Oversight Committee – provides oversight of and approves operational risk management policies, risk tolerance levels, and operational risk governance processes, and includes sub-committees covering Fraud, Data, Information Security, Model Governance, and Third-Party risk.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Senior management has also created an Incentive Compensation Risk Oversight Committee, which establishes policy and reviews and approves the Annual Risk Assessment of incentive compensation plans, and reports directly to the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
The Company’s compliance, finance, internal audit, legal, and corporate risk management departments assist management and the various risk committees in evaluating, testing, and monitoring risk management.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
In addition, the Disclosure Committee is responsible for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Disclosure Committee reports on this evaluation to the CEO and CFO prior to their certification required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
Operational Risk
Operational risks ariserisk arises due to potential inadequacies or failures related to people, internal processes, and systems, or from external events or relationships impacting the Company and/or any of its key business partners and third parties. While operational risk is inherent in all business activities, we rely on a system of internal controls and risk management practices designed to keep operational risk and operational losses within the Company’s risk appetite. We have specific policies and procedures to identify and manage operational risk, and use periodic risk and control self-assessments, control testing programs, and internal audit reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of these internal controls. Where appropriate, we manage the impact of operational loss and litigation expense through the purchase of insurance. The insurance program is specifically designed to address our key operational risks and to maintain compliance with local laws and regulation.
Schwab’s operations are highly dependent on the integrity and resilience of our critical business functions and technology systems. To the extent Schwab experiences business or system interruptions, errors or downtime (which could result from a variety of causes, including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, technological failure, cyber attacks, changes to systems, linkages with third-party systems, extreme weather, and power failures), our business and operations could be negatively impacted. To minimize business interruptions and ensure the capacity to continue operations during an incident regardless of duration, Schwab maintains a backup and recovery infrastructure which includes facilities for backup and communications, a geographically dispersed workforce, and routine testing of business continuity and disaster recovery plans and a well-established incident management program.
Information Security risk is the risk of unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, recording or destruction of the firm’s information or systems. We have designed and implemented an information security program that knits together complementary tools, controls and technologies to protect systems, client accounts and data. We continuously monitor the systems and work collaboratively with government agencies, law enforcement and other financial institutions to address potential threats. We use advanced monitoring systems to identify suspicious activity and deter unauthorized access by internal or external actors. We limitalso maintain policies and procedures, which apply to employees, contractors, and third parties, regarding the standard of care expected with all data, whether the data is internal company information, employee information, or non-public client information. This includes limiting the number of employees who have access to clients’ personal information and internal authentication measures are enforced to protect against the potential for social engineering.unauthorized use of employee credentials. All employees who handle sensitive information are trained in privacy and security. Schwab’s fraudconduct and cyber securitycybersecurity teams monitor activity looking for suspicious behavior. These capabilities allow us to identify and quickly act on any attempted intrusions.
Fraud risk arises from attempted or actual theft of financial assets or other property of any client or the Company. Schwab is committed to protecting the Company’s and its clients’ assets from fraud and complying with all applicable laws and regulations to prevent, detect and report fraudulent activity. Schwab manages fraud risk through policies, procedures and controls. We also take affirmative steps to prevent and detect fraud and report, to appropriate authorities, any known or suspected acts of fraud in accordance with existing laws and requirements.
Schwab also faces operational risk when we employ the services of various third parties, including domestic and international outsourcing of certain technology, processing, servicing, and support functions. We manage the exposure to third partythird-party risk and promote a culture of resiliency through internal policies, procedures and controls, and contractual provisions, control standards, ongoing monitoring of third partythird-party performance, and appropriate testing. We maintain policies and procedures regarding the standard of care expectedtesting with all data, whether the data is internal company information, employee information, or non-public client information. We clearly define for employees, contractors, and third parties the expected standards of care for confidential data. We also provide regular training on data security.third-party service providers.
Model risk is the potential for adverse consequences from decisions based on incorrect or misused model outputs and reports. Models are owned by several business units throughout the organization, and are used for a variety of purposes. Model use includes, but is not limited to, calculating capital requirements for hypothetical stressful environments, estimating interest and credit risk for loans and other balance sheet assets, and providing guidance in the management of client portfolios. We have established a policy that aligns with Federal Reserve guidance on Model Risk Management SR11-7 to describe the roles and responsibilities of all key stakeholders in model development, management, and use. All models are registered in a centralized database and classified into different risk ratings depending on their potential financial, reputational, or regulatory impact to the Company. The model risk rating determines the scope of model governance activities.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
ratings depending on theirIncentive Compensation risk is the potential for adverse consequences resulting from compensation plans that do not balance the execution of our strategy with risk and financial reputational, or regulatory impactrewards, potentially encouraging imprudent risk-taking by employees. We have implemented risk management processes, including a policy, to identify, evaluate, assess, and manage risks associated with incentive compensation plans and the Company. The model risk rating determinesactivities of certain employees, defined as Covered Employees, who have the scopeauthority to expose the Company to material amounts of model governance activities.risk.
Compliance Risk
Schwab faces compliance risk which is the potential exposure to legal or regulatory sanctions, fines or penalties, financial loss, or damage to reputation resulting from the failure to comply with laws, regulations, rules, or other regulatory requirements. Among other things, compliance risks relate to the suitability of client investments, conflicts of interest, disclosure obligations and performance expectations for products and services, supervision of employees, and the adequacy of our controls. The Company and its affiliates are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and foreign regulatory authorities, including SROs.
We manage compliance risk through policies, procedures and controls reasonably designed to achieve and/or monitor compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. These procedures address issues such as business conduct and ethics, sales and trading practices, marketing and communications, extension of credit, client funds and securities, books and records, anti-money laundering, client privacy, and employment policies.
Privacy risk is the risk of unauthorized collection, use, storage, or sharing of personal information, including data incidents and other mismanagement of personal information. We manage privacy risk through policies, procedures, and controls reasonably designed to achieve and/or monitor compliance with these laws and regulations.
Anti-money laundering/Sanctions risk is the risk of legal or regulatory sanctions, fines or penalties, financial loss, or damage to reputation resulting from the failure to comply with the Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering (BSA/AML) and Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)/global sanctions (collectively, “AML”) laws, regulations, rules, or other regulatory requirements. Schwab manages this risk through daily monitoring, a system of internal controls, education and training for appropriate personnel, and developing risk-based procedures for conducting ongoing customer due diligence and complying with beneficial ownership requirements for legal entity customers.
Conduct risk arises from inappropriate, unethical, or unlawful behavior of the Company, its employees or third parties acting on the Company’s behalf that may result in detriment to the Company’s clients, financial markets, the Company, and/or the Company’s employees. We manage this risk through policies, procedures, a system of internal controls, including personnel monitoring and surveillance. Conduct-related matters are escalated through appropriate channels by the Corporate Responsibility Officer.
Fiduciary risk is the potential for financial or reputational loss through breach of fiduciary duties to a client. Fiduciary activities include, but are not limited to, individual and institutional trust, investment management, custody, and cash and securities processing. We manage this risk by establishing policy and procedures to ensure that obligations to clients are discharged faithfully and in compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Business units have the primary responsibility for adherence to the policy and procedures applicable to their business. Guidance and control are provided through the creation, approval, and ongoing review of applicable policies by business units and various risk committees.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the potential for loss due to a borrower, counterparty, or issuer failing to perform on its contractual obligations. Our exposure to credit risk mainly results from investing activities in our liquidity and investment portfolios, mortgage lending, margin lending and client option and futures activities, pledged asset lending, securities lending activities, and our role as a counterparty in other financial contracts. To manage the risks of such losses, we have established policies and procedures, which include establishingsetting and reviewing credit limits, monitoring of credit limits and quality of counterparties, and adjusting margin, PAL, option, and futures requirements for certain securities and instruments.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Liquidity and Investment Portfolios
Schwab has exposure to credit risk associated with its investment portfolios, which include U.S. agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate debt securities, U.S. agency notes, U.S. Treasury securities, certificates of deposit, U.S. state and municipal securities, commercial paper, and foreign government agency securities.
At December 31, 2018,2021, substantially all securities in the investment portfolios were rated investment grade. U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities do not have explicit credit ratings; however, management considers these to be of the highest credit quality and rating given the guarantee of principal and interest by the U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
Mortgage Lending Portfolio
The bank loan portfolio includes First Mortgages, HELOCs, PALs (discussed below), and other loans. The credit risk exposure related to loans is actively managed through individual loan and portfolio reviews. Management regularly reviews asset quality, including concentrations, delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charge-offs, and recoveries. All are factors in the determination of an appropriate allowance for loancredit losses.
Our residential loan underwriting guidelines include maximum LTV ratios, cash out limits, and minimum Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores. The specific guidelines are dependent on the individual characteristics of a loan (for example, whether the property is a primary or secondary residence, whether the loan is for investment property, whether the loan is for an initial purchase of a home or refinance of an existing home, and whether the loan size is conforming or jumbo).
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Schwab does not originate or purchase residential loans that allow for negative amortization and does not originate or purchase subprime loans (generally defined as extensions of credit to borrowers with a FICO score of less than 620 at origination), unless the borrower has compensating credit factors. For more information on credit quality indicators relating to Schwab’s bank loans, see Item 8 – Note 7.
Securities and Instrument-Based Lending Portfolios
Collateral arrangements relating to margin loans, PALs, option and futures positions, securities lending agreements, and resalesecurities purchased under agreements to resell (resale agreements) include provisions that require additional collateral in the event of market fluctuations. Additionally, for margin loans, PALs, options and futures positions, and securities lending agreements, collateral arrangements require that the fair value of such collateral sufficiently exceeds the credit exposure in order to maintain a fully secured position.
Other Counterparty Exposures
Schwab performs clearing services for all securities transactions in its client accounts. Schwab has exposure to credit risk due to its obligation to settle transactions with clearing corporations, mutual funds, and other financial institutions even if Schwab’s clients or a counterparty fail to meet their obligations to Schwab.the Company.
Market Risk
Market risk is the potential for changes in earnings or the value of financial instruments held by Schwab as a result of fluctuations in interest rates, equity prices, or market conditions. We areSchwab is exposed to interest ratemarket risk primarily from changes in market interest rates onwithin our interest-earning assets relative to changes in the costs of its funding sources that finance these assets.
Net interest revenue is affected by various factors, such as the distribution and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the spread between yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, which may reprice at different times or by different amounts, and the spread between short and long-term interest rates. Interest-earning assets primarily include investment securities, margin loans and bank loans. These assets are sensitive to changes in interest rates and changes in prepayment levels that tend to increase in a declining rate environment and decrease in a rising rate environment. Because we establish the rates paid on certain brokerage client cash balances and bank deposits and the rates charged on certain margin and bank loans, and control the composition of our investment securities, we have some ability to manage our net interest spread, depending on competitive factors and market conditions.
To mitigate themanage interest rate risk, of declining interest revenue, we have established policies and procedures, which include setting guidelineslimits on the amount of net interest revenue at risk and monitoring the net interest margin and average maturityeconomic value of our interest-earning assets and funding sources.equity (EVE) risk. To remain within these guidelines,limits, we manage the maturity, repricing, and cash flow characteristics of the investment portfolios. Management monitors established guidelines to stay within the Company’s risk appetite.
Our measurement of interest rate risk involves assumptions that are inherently uncertain and, as a result, cannot precisely estimate the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest revenue, bank deposit account fees, or EVE. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to balance growth or decline and the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes,
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies, including changes in asset and liability mix. Financial instruments are also subject to the risk that valuations will be negatively affected by changes in demand and the underlying market for a financial instrument.
We are indirectly exposed to option, futures, and equity market fluctuations in connection with client option and futures accounts, securities collateralizing margin loans to brokerage customers, and client securities loaned out as part of the brokerage securities lending activities. Equity market valuations may also affect the level of brokerage client trading activity, margin borrowing, and overall client engagement with Schwab. Additionally, we earn mutual fund and ETF service fees and asset management fees based upon daily balances of certain client assets. Fluctuations in these client asset balances caused by changes in equity valuations directly impact the amount of fee revenue we earn.
Our market risk related to financial instruments held for trading is not material.
Interest Rate Risk Simulations
Net Interest Revenue Simulation
For Schwab’sour net interest revenue sensitivity analysis, we use net interest revenue simulation modeling techniques to evaluate and manage the effect of changing interest rates. The simulation includessimulations include all interest-sensitivebalance sheet interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities. Key variables inassumptions include the simulation include theprojection of interest rate scenarios with rate floors, prepayment speeds of mortgage-related investments, repricing of financial instruments, prepayment,and reinvestment of matured or paid-down securities and product pricing assumptions. The simulations involve assumptions thatloans.
Net interest revenue is affected by various factors, such as the distribution and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the spread between yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, which may reprice at different times or by different amounts, and the spread between short- and long-term interest rates. Interest-earning assets include investment securities, margin loans, and bank loans. These assets are inherently uncertain and, as a result, cannot precisely estimate the impact ofsensitive to changes in interest rates and changes in prepayment levels that tend to increase in a declining rate environment and decrease in a rising rate environment. Because we establish the rates paid on certain brokerage client cash balances and bank deposits and the rates charged on certain margin and bank loans, and control the composition of our investment securities, we have some ability to manage our net interest spread, depending on competitive factors and market conditions.
Net interest revenue sensitivity analysis assumes the asset and liability structure of the consolidated balance sheet would not be changed as a result of the simulated changes in interest rates. As we actively manage the consolidated balance sheet and interest rate exposure, in all likelihood we would take steps to manage additional interest rate exposure that could result from changes in the interest rate environment.
The following table shows the simulated change to net interest revenue over the next 12 months beginning December 31, 2021 and 2020 of a gradual 100 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates relative to prevailing market rates at the end of each reporting period:
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | 2020 |
| Increase of 100 basis points | 14.1% | 14.2% |
| Decrease of 100 basis points | (4.5)% | (4.3)% |
The Company’s simulated increase of 100 basis points in market interest rates had a slightly lower impact on net interest revenue. Actual results may differrevenue at year-end 2021 compared with year-end 2020 due to an increase in the Company’s projected repricing of client deposit rates across higher market interest rate scenarios, which was partially offset as a result of holding a higher allocation of floating-rate assets on the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 relative to the prior year-end. A simulated decrease of 100 basis points in market interest rates had a slightly larger impact year-over-year primarily as a result of holding a higher allocation of floating-rate assets.
Higher short-term interest rates would positively impact net interest revenue as yields on interest-earning assets are expected to rise faster than the cost of funding sources. A decline in interest rates could negatively impact the yield on the Company’s investment and loan portfolio to a greater degree than any offsetting reduction in interest expense from simulated results duefunding sources, compressing net interest margin.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
In addition to balance growth or decline andmeasuring the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies, including changes in asset and liability mix.
If our guidelines for net interest revenue sensitivity are breached, management must report the breach to the Financial Risk Oversight Committee and establish a plan to address the interest rate risk. There were no breaches of Schwab’s net interest revenue sensitivity risk limits during the years ended December 31, 2018 or 2017.
As represented by the simulations presented below, our investment strategy is structured to produce an increase in net interest revenue when interest rates rise and, conversely, a decrease in net interest revenue when interest rates fall.
The simulations in the following table assume that the asset and liability structure of the consolidated balance sheets would not be changed as a result of the simulated changes in interest rates. As we actively manage the consolidated balance sheets and interest rate exposure, in all likelihood we would take steps to manage additional interest rate exposure that could result from changes in the interest rate environment. The following table shows the simulated net interest revenue change over the next 12 months beginning December 31, 2018 and 2017effect of a gradual 100 basis point parallel increase or decrease in current interest rates, we regularly simulate the effects of larger parallel- and non-parallel shifts in interest rates on net interest revenue.
Bank Deposit Account Fees Simulation
Consistent with the presentation on the consolidated statement of income, the sensitivity of bank deposit account fee revenue to interest rate changes is assessed separately from the net interest revenue simulation described above. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, simulated changes in bank deposit account fee revenue from gradual 100 basis point changes in market interest rates relative to prevailing market rates atdid not have a significant impact on the endCompany’s total net revenues.
Economic Value of each reporting period.Equity Simulation
|
| | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 |
| 2017 |
|
| Increase of 100 basis points | 4.4 | % | 3.3 | % |
| Decrease of 100 basis points | (4.9 | )% | (6.2 | )% |
The year-over-year changeManagement also uses EVE simulations to measure interest rate risk. EVE sensitivity measures the long-term impact of interest rate changes on the net present value of assets and liabilities. EVE is calculated by subjecting the balance sheet to hypothetical instantaneous shifts in the level of interest rates. This analysis is highly dependent upon asset and liability assumptions based on historical behaviors as well as our expectations of the economic environment. Key assumptions in our EVE calculation include projection of interest rate scenarios with rate floors, prepayment speeds of mortgage-related investments, term structure models of interest rates, non-maturity deposit behavior, and pricing assumptions. Our net interest revenue, sensitivities reflects higher interestbank deposit account fee revenue, and EVE simulations reflect the assumption of non-negative investment yields.
Phase-out of LIBOR
The Company continues to prepare for the phasing-out of LIBOR, undertaking many efforts coordinated by its firm-wide transition team. The LIBOR transition team is overseen by executive leadership and has organized its efforts to address both client-impacting and non-client-impacting workstreams. From a client perspective, the Company has established pages on the client-facing websites for CS&Co and TD Ameritrade, Inc. to provide information for our clients to help them understand how they may be impacted by LIBOR’s discontinuation. In addition, we maintain internal informational resources for our client-facing employees’ awareness regarding LIBOR’s phase-out.
The Company’s largest exposures to LIBOR are certain investment securities and loans. In purchasing new investment securities, we ensure that appropriate fallback language is in place in the event that LIBOR becomes unavailable or is deemed unreliable, and we have sold certain securities lacking appropriate fallback language. Additionally, in accordance with regulatory feedback, we are limiting our purchases of LIBOR-based securities, and we ensure that any new purchases of LIBOR-based securities were issued prior to January 1, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of the Company’s remaining investment securities with exposure to LIBOR provide for appropriate fallback in the event LIBOR is no longer available. Consistent with guidance from the Alternative Reference Rate Committee, a group of private-market participants jointly convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to help ensure a successful transition from LIBOR, the Company phased-out the use of LIBOR as a reference rate in new loans prior to year-end 2021, and the Company’s portfolio of legacy loans have fallback language if LIBOR is no longer available.
Certain of the Company’s technology systems and financial models have historically utilized LIBOR, and we have now substantially transitioned our financial models and systems to alternative reference rates. In addition, we have transitioned the Company’s IDA agreement and certain intercompany lending agreements that previously were tied to LIBOR to other appropriate reference rates.
Additional transition efforts to prepare for the phasing-out of LIBOR are ongoing. The floating dividend rates acrossfor our Series A, E, and F preferred stock are based on LIBOR. In addition, operational work remains to transition our legacy loan portfolio, in accordance with expected regulatory guidance, to alternate reference rates that are consistent with the yield curve, and particularly, higher short-term interest rates.fallback language included in the contracts.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the potential that Schwab will be unable to sell assets or meet cash flow obligations when they come due without incurring unacceptable losses.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Due to its role as a source of financial strength, CSC’s liquidity needs are primarily driven by the liquidity and capital needs ofof: CS&Co, TD Ameritrade, Inc., and TDAC, our principal broker-dealer subsidiaries; the capital needs of the banking subsidiaries,subsidiaries; principal and interest due on corporate debt,debt; dividend payments on CSC’s preferred stock,stock; and returns of capital to common stockholders. The liquidity needs of CS&Coour broker-dealer subsidiaries are primarily driven by client activity including trading and margin borrowinglending activities and capital expenditures. The capital needs of the banking subsidiaries are primarily driven by client deposits.deposit levels. We have established liquidity policies to support the successful execution of business strategies, while ensuring ongoing and sufficient liquidity to meet operational needs and satisfy applicable regulatory requirements under both normal and stressed conditions. We seek to maintain client confidence in the balance sheet and the safety of client assets by maintaining liquidity and diversity of funding sources to allow the Company to meet its obligations. To this end, we have established limits and contingency funding scenarios to support liquidity levels during both business as usual and stressed conditions.
We employ a variety of methodologies to monitor and manage liquidity. We conduct regular liquidity stress testing to develop a consolidated view of liquidity risk exposures and to ensure our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity during market-related or company-specific liquidity stress events. Liquidity is also tested at keycertain subsidiaries and results are reported to the Financial Risk Oversight Committee. A number of early warning indicators are monitored to help identify emerging liquidity stresses in the market or within the organization and are reviewed with management as appropriate.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The Company was subject to, and was in compliance with, the modified LCR rule at December 31, 2018. As Schwab’s consolidated balance sheet assets were above $250 billion at December 31, 2018, Schwab will become subject to the full LCR rule in the second quarter of 2019. The table below presents information about our average LCR:
|
| | | |
| | Average for the |
| | Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 |
| Total eligible HQLA | $ | 38,881 |
|
Net cash outflows (1) | $ | 35,191 |
|
| LCR | 111 | % |
(1) This amount represents modified net cash outflows as defined by the LCR rule, which requires that HQLA cover 70% of total stressed net cash outflows.
Primary Funding Sources
Schwab’s primary source of funds is cash generated by client activity which includes bank deposits and cash balances in client brokerage accounts. These funds are used to purchase investment securities and extend loans to clients.
Other sources of funds may include cash flows from operations, maturities and sales of investment securities, repayments on loans, securities lending of assets held in client brokerage accounts, repurchase agreements, and cash provided by external financing.
To meet daily funding needs, we maintain liquidity in the form of overnight cash deposits and short-term investments. For unanticipated liquidity needs, we also maintain a buffer of highly liquid investments, currently comprised ofincluding U.S. Treasury notes, is also maintained.securities.
Additional Funding Sources
In addition to internal sources of liquidity, Schwab has access to external funding. The need for short-term borrowings from theseexternal debt facilities arises primarily from timing differences between cash flow requirements, scheduled liquidation of interest-earning investments, movements of cash to meet regulatory brokerage client cash segregation requirements, and general corporate purposes. We maintain policies and procedures necessary to access funding and test discount window borrowing procedures on a periodic basis.
The following table describes external debt facilities available at December 31, 2018:2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Description | Borrower | Outstanding | Available |
| Federal Home Loan Bank secured credit facilities | Banking subsidiaries | $ | — | | $ | 63,476 | |
| Federal Reserve discount window | Banking subsidiaries | — | | 11,957 | |
| Uncommitted, unsecured lines of credit with various external banks | CSC, CS&Co | — | | 1,522 | |
Unsecured commercial paper (1) | CSC | 3,006 | | 1,994 | |
| Committed, unsecured credit facility with various external banks | TDAC | — | | 600 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Secured uncommitted lines of credit with various external banks (2) | TDAC | 1,850 | | — | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Description | Borrower | Outstanding | Available |
Federal Home Loan Bank secured credit facility (1) | Banking subsidiaries | $ | — |
| $ | 35,528 |
|
| Uncommitted, unsecured lines of credit with various external banks | CSC, CS&Co | — |
| 1,432 |
|
Unsecured commercial paper (2) | CSC | — |
| 750 |
|
Committed, unsecured credit facility with various external banks (3) | CSC | — |
| 750 |
|
Federal Reserve Bank discount window (4) | CSB | — |
| 7,865 |
|
(1)Amounts available are dependent on In October 2021, the Company increased the amount of First Mortgages, HELOCs, and the fair value of certain investment securities that are pledged as collateral.
(2) CSC has authorization from its Board of Directorscommercial paper available to issue Commercial Paper Notesfrom $1.5 billion to not exceed $1.5$5.0 billion. Management has set a current limit not
(2) Secured borrowing capacity is made available based on TDAC’s ability to exceedprovide acceptable collateral to the amount oflenders as determined by the committed, unsecured credit facility.agreements.
(3) Other than an overnight borrowing to test availability, this facility was unused during 2018.
(4) Amounts available are dependent on the fair value of certain investment securities that are pledged as collateral.
CertainOur banking subsidiaries maintain secured credit facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (FHLB).FHLB. Amounts available under these facilities are dependent on the value of our First Mortgages, HELOCs, and the fair value of certain of our investment securities that are pledged as collateral. During 2018, CSB used borrowings under this agreement to purchase investment securities in advance of bank sweep transfers. ThisThese credit facility isfacilities are also available as backup financing in the event the outflow of client cash from the banking subsidiaries’ respective balance sheets is greater than maturities and paydowns on investment securities and bank loans.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
CSBOur banking subsidiaries also hashave access to short-term secured funding through the Federal Reserve’sReserve discount window. Amounts available under the Federal Reserve discount window are dependent on the fair value of certain investment securities that are pledged as collateral. Our banking subsidiaries may also engage with external banks in repurchase agreements collateralized by investments securities as another source of short-term liquidity.
CSC has a commercial paper program of which proceeds are used for general corporate purposes. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes may vary, but are not to exceed 270 days from the date of issue. CSC’s ratings for these short-term borrowings arewere P1 by Moody’s, A1 by Standard & Poor’s, and F1 by Fitch. CSC had no Commercial Paper Notes outstandingFitch at December 31, 2018 or 2017.
The financial covenants for the $750 million committed credit facility require CS&Co to maintain a minimum net capital ratio, CSB to be well capitalized,2021 and 2020. CSC to maintain a minimum level of stockholders’ equity, adjusted to exclude AOCI. At December 31, 2018, the minimum level of stockholders’ equity required under this facility was $14.5 billion (CSC’s stockholders’ equity, excluding AOCI, at December 31, 2018 was $20.9 billion). Management believes these restrictions will not have a material effect on CSC’s ability to meet foreseeable dividend or funding requirements.
To partially satisfy the margin requirement of client option transactions with the Options Clearing Corporation, CS&Co has unsecured standby letter of credit agreements (LOCs) with several banks in favor of the Options Clearing Corporation aggregating $225 million at December 31, 2018. There were no funds drawn under any of these LOCs during 2018 or 2017. In connection with its securities lending activities, the Company is required to provide collateral to certain brokerage clients. The collateral requirements were satisfied by providing cash as collateral.
CSCalso has a universal automatic shelf registration statement (Shelf Registration Statement) on file with the SEC, which enables it to issue debt, equity, and other securities. CS&Co maintains uncommitted, unsecured bank credit lines with a group of banks as a source of short-term liquidity, which can also be accessed by CSC. TDAC maintains a senior unsecured committed revolving credit facility with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $600 million, which matures in April 2022. TDAC also maintains secured uncommitted lines of credit, under which TDAC borrows on either a demand or short-term basis and pledges client margin securities as collateral.
BorrowingsTo support growth in margin loan balances at our broker-dealer subsidiaries while meeting our LCR requirements, the Company issues commercial paper or draws on secured lines of credit, in addition to capital markets issuances.
Long-term debt outstandingLiquidity Coverage Ratio
Beginning October 1, 2021, Schwab became subject to the full (100%) LCR, which requires the Company to hold HQLA in an amount equal to at least 100% of the Company’s projected net cash outflows over a prospective 30-calendar-day period of acute liquidity stress, calculated each business day. See Item 1 – Regulation for additional information. The Company was $6.9 billion and $4.8 billionin compliance with the full LCR rule at December 31, 20182021, and 2017, respectively. Nothe table below presents information about our average daily LCR:
| | | | | |
| Average for the |
| Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 |
| Total eligible HQLA | $ | 117,507 | |
| Net cash outflows | $ | 110,405 | |
| LCR | 106 | % |
Borrowings
The Company had $4.9 billion of short-term borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Short-term borrowings outstanding from the FHLB were $15.02021 and none at December 31, 2020. Long-term debt is primarily comprised of Senior Notes and totaled $18.9 billion and $13.6 billion at December 31, 2017.2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following are detailstable provides information about our Senior Notes outstanding as of the Senior Notes:December 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Par Outstanding | Maturity | Weighted-Average
Interest Rate | Moody’s | Standard
& Poor’s | Fitch |
| CSC Senior Notes | $ | 17,768 | | 2022 - 2031 | 2.35% | A2 | A | A |
| TDA Holding Senior Notes | 963 | | 2022 - 2029 | 3.06% | A2 | A | — |
| | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Par Outstanding | Maturity | Weighted Average
Interest Rate | Moody’s | Standard
& Poor’s | Fitch |
| Senior Notes | $ | 6,881 |
| 2020 - 2029 | 3.42% | A2 | A | A |
New Debt Issuances
All debt issuances in 2018 and 2017 were senior unsecured obligations with interest payable quarterly or semi-annually. Additional details are as follows:
|
| | | | | | |
| Issuance Date | Issuance Amount | Maturity Date | Interest Rate | Interest Payable |
| March 2, 2017 | $ | 650 |
| 3/2/2027 | 3.200% | Semi-annually |
| December 7, 2017 | $ | 700 |
| 1/25/2028 | 3.200% | Semi-annually |
| December 7, 2017 | $ | 800 |
| 1/25/2023 | 2.650% | Semi-annually |
| May 22, 2018 | $ | 600 |
| 5/21/2021 | Three-month LIBOR
+ 0.32% | Quarterly |
| May 22, 2018 | $ | 600 |
| 5/21/2021 | 3.250% | Semi-annually |
| May 22, 2018 | $ | 750 |
| 5/21/2025 | 3.850% | Semi-annually |
| October 31, 2018 | $ | 500 |
| 2/1/2024 | 3.550% | Semi-annually |
| October 31, 2018 | $ | 600 |
| 2/1/2029 | 4.000% | Semi-annually |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
All debt issuances in 2021, 2020, and 2019 were senior unsecured obligations. Additional details of these debt issuances are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Issuance Date | Issuance Amount | Maturity Date | Interest Rate | Interest Payable |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| May 22, 2019 | $ | 600 | | 5/22/2029 | 3.250% | Semi-annually |
| March 24, 2020 | $ | 600 | | 3/24/2025 | 4.200% | Semi-annually |
| March 24, 2020 | $ | 500 | | 3/22/2030 | 4.625% | Semi-annually |
| December 11, 2020 | $ | 1,250 | | 3/11/2026 | 0.900% | Semi-annually |
| December 11, 2020 | $ | 750 | | 3/11/2031 | 1.650% | Semi-annually |
| March 18, 2021 | $ | 1,250 | | 3/18/2024 | SOFR (1) + 0.500% | Quarterly |
| March 18, 2021 | $ | 1,500 | | 3/18/2024 | 0.750% | Semi-annually |
| March 18, 2021 | $ | 1,250 | | 3/20/2028 | 2.000% | Semi-annually |
| May 13, 2021 | $ | 500 | | 5/13/2026 | SOFR (1) + 0.520% | Quarterly |
| May 13, 2021 | $ | 1,000 | | 5/13/2026 | 1.150% | Semi-annually |
| May 13, 2021 | $ | 750 | | 5/13/2031 | 2.300% | Semi-annually |
| August 26, 2021 | $ | 850 | | 12/1/2031 | 1.950% | Semi-annually |
(1) Secured Overnight Financing Rate
During the third quarter of 2021, we completed a debt exchange offer related to certain senior notes issued by TDA Holding for an equivalent amount of senior notes issued by CSC. For further discussion of the exchange, see Item 8 – Note 13.
Equity Issuances and Redemptions
CSCCSC’s preferred stock issued and net proceeds for 2020 and 2021 shown below. The Company did not issue any equity through external offerings during 2019.
| | | | | | | | |
| Date Issued and Sold | Net Proceeds |
| Series G | April 30, 2020 | $ | 2,470 | |
| Series H | December 11, 2020 | $ | 2,470 | |
| Series I | March 18, 2021 | $ | 2,222 | |
| Series J | March 30, 2021 | $ | 584 | |
On June 1, 2021, the year ended December 31, 2018. CSC’s preferred stock issued and net proceeds for the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows:
|
| | | | |
| | Date Issued and Sold | Net Proceeds |
| Series F | October 31, 2017 | $ | 492 |
|
On December 1, 2017, CSCCompany redeemed all of the 485,000 outstanding shares of its 6.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (“Series B Preferred Stock”),C, and the corresponding 19,400,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share ofshares. The redemption was funded with the net proceeds from the Series B Preferred Stock.J preferred stock offering.
For further discussion, of CSC’s long-term debt and information on the equity offerings, see Item 8 – Note 13 for the Company’s outstanding debt and Note 17.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Schwab enters into various off-balance sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business, primarily to meet the needs of our clients. These arrangements include firm commitments to extend credit. Additionally, Schwab enters into guaranteesborrowing facilities and other similar arrangements in the ordinary course of business. For information on each of these arrangements, see Item 8 – Note 7, Note 11, Note 13, Note 14,19 for equity outstanding balances, issuances, and Note 15. redemptions.
Contractual Obligations
Schwab’s principal contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 are shown in the following table. Excluded from this table are liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets that are generally short-term in nature (e.g., payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations and short-term borrowings) or without contractual payment terms (e.g., bank deposits, payables to brokerage clients, and deferred compensation).
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Less than
1 Year | | 1-3
Years | | 3-5
Years | | More than
5 Years | | Total |
Credit-related financial instruments (1) | $ | 1,592 |
| | $ | 3,162 |
| | $ | 5,093 |
| | $ | 1,698 |
| | $ | 11,545 |
|
Long-term debt (2) | 237 |
| | 2,325 |
| | 1,370 |
| | 4,330 |
| | 8,262 |
|
Purchase obligations (3) | 475 |
| | 303 |
| | 54 |
| | 170 |
| | 1,002 |
|
Leases (4) | 128 |
| | 219 |
| | 150 |
| | 282 |
| | 779 |
|
| Total | $ | 2,432 |
| | $ | 6,009 |
| | $ | 6,667 |
| | $ | 6,480 |
| | $ | 21,588 |
|
(1) Represents CSB’s2021 include credit-related financial instruments, representing our banking subsidiaries’ commitments to extend credit to banking clients, purchase mortgage loans, and commitments to fund CRA investments.
(2) Includes estimated future interestinvestments; payments through 2029 for Senior Notes. Amounts exclude maturities under a finance lease obligationon short-term borrowings and unamortized discounts and premiums.
(3) Consists oflong-term debt; purchase obligations for services such as advertising and marketing, telecommunications, professional services, and hardware- and software-related agreements.agreements, and professional services; and lease payments including legally-binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced. For information on our contractual obligations for credit-related financial instruments, short-term borrowings and long-term debt, and leases, see Part II, Item 8 – Notes 15, 13, and 14, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had total short-term purchase obligations of $484 million and total long-term purchase obligations of $532 million.
(4) Represents minimum rental commitments, net
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of sublease commitments,Financial Condition and includes facilities under past restructuring initiativesResults of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Schwab also enters into guarantees and rental commitments under a finance lease obligation.other similar arrangements in the ordinary course of business. For information on these arrangements, see Item 8 – Notes 7, 11, 13, 15, and 17. Pursuant to the IDA agreement, certain brokerage client deposits are required to be swept off-balance sheet to the TD Depository Institutions. We also maintain agreements pursuant to which certain client brokerage cash deposits are swept to other third-party depository institutions. See Item 8 – Notes 3 and 15 for additional information on the IDA agreement.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Schwab seeks to manage capital to a level and composition sufficient to support execution of our business strategy, including anticipated balance sheet growth inclusive of migration of IDA balances (see further discussion below), providing financial support to theour subsidiaries, and sustained access to the capital markets, while at the same time meeting our regulatory capital requirements and serving as a source of financial strength to our banking subsidiaries. Schwab’s primary sources of capital are funds generated by the operations of subsidiaries and securities issuances by CSC in the capital markets. To ensure that Schwab has sufficient capital to absorb unanticipated losses or declines in asset values, we have adopted a policy to remain well capitalized even in stressed scenarios.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
Internal guidelines are set, for both CSC and its regulated subsidiaries, to ensure capital levels are in line with our strategy and regulatory requirements. Capital forecasts are reviewed monthly at Asset-Liability Management and Pricing Committee and Financial Risk Oversight Committee meetings. A number of early warning indicators are monitored to help identify potential problems that could impact capital. In addition, we monitor the subsidiaries’ capital levels and requirements. Subject to regulatory capital requirements and any required approvals, any excess capital held by subsidiaries is transferred to CSC in the form of dividends and returns of capital. When subsidiaries have need of additional capital, funds are provided by CSC as equity investments and also as subordinated loans (in a form approved as regulatory capital by regulators) for CS&Co. The details and method used for each cash infusion are based on an analysis of the particular entity’s needs and financing alternatives. The amounts and structure of infusions must take into consideration maintenance of regulatory capital requirements, debt/equity ratios, and equity double leverage ratios.
Schwab conducts regular capital stress testing to assess the potential financial impacts of various adverse macroeconomic and company-specific events to which the Company could be subjected. The objective of the capital stress testing is (1) to explore various potential outcomes – including rare and extreme events and (2) to assess impacts of potential stressful outcomes on both capital and liquidity. Additionally, we have a comprehensive Capital Contingency Plan to provide action plans for certain low probability/high impact capital events that the Company might face. The Capital Contingency Plan is issued under the authority of the Financial Risk Oversight Committee and provides guidelines for sustained capital events. It does not specifically address every contingency, but is designed to provide a framework for responding to any capital stress. The results of the stress testing indicate there are two scenarios which could stress the Company’s capital: (1) inflows of balance sheet cash during a period of very low interest rates and (2) outflows of balance sheet cash when other sources of financing are not available and the Company is required to sell assets to fund the flows at a loss. The Capital Contingency Plan is reviewed annually and updated as appropriate.
For additional information, see Business – Regulation in Part I, Item 1.
Regulatory Capital Requirements
CSC is subject to capital requirements set by the Federal Reserve and is required to serve as a source of strength for our banking subsidiaries and to provide financial assistance if our banking subsidiaries experience financial distress. Schwab is required to maintain a Tier 1 Leverage Ratio for CSC of at least 4%; however, management seeks to maintain the ratio, and we have a long-term operating objective of at least 6%6.75%-7.00%. Due to the relatively low risk of our balance sheet assets and risk-based capital ratios at CSC and CSB that are well in excess of regulatory requirements, the Tier 1 Leverage Ratio is the most restrictive capital constraint on CSC’s asset growth.
Our banking subsidiaries are subject to capital requirements set by their regulators that are substantially similar to those imposed on CSC by the Federal Reserve. Our banking subsidiaries’ failure to remain well capitalized could result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by the regulators that could have a direct material effect on the banks. Schwab’s principal banking subsidiary, CSB, is required to maintain a Tier 1 Leverage Ratio of at least 5% to be well capitalized, but seeks to maintain thea ratio of at least 6.25%. Based on its regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2018,2021, CSB is considered well capitalized.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table details CSC’s consolidated and CSB’s capital ratios:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| | CSC | | CSB | | CSC | | CSB |
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 20,670 |
| | $ | 15,615 |
| | $ | 18,525 |
| | $ | 13,224 |
|
| Less: | | | | | | | |
| Preferred Stock | 2,793 |
| | — |
| | 2,793 |
| | — |
|
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital before regulatory adjustments | $ | 17,877 |
| | $ | 15,615 |
| | $ | 15,732 |
| | $ | 13,224 |
|
| Less: | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities | $ | 1,188 |
| | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 1,191 |
| | $ | 13 |
|
| Other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities | 125 |
| | — |
| | 61 |
| | — |
|
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances and deferred tax liabilities | 3 |
| | 1 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
|
AOCI adjustment (1) | (252 | ) | | (231 | ) | | (152 | ) | | (144 | ) |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital | $ | 16,813 |
| | $ | 15,832 |
| | $ | 14,630 |
| | $ | 13,355 |
|
| Tier 1 Capital | $ | 19,606 |
| | $ | 15,832 |
| | $ | 17,423 |
| | $ | 13,355 |
|
| Total Capital | 19,628 |
| | 15,853 |
| | 17,452 |
| | 13,382 |
|
| Risk-Weighted Assets | 95,441 |
| | 80,513 |
| | 75,866 |
| | 66,519 |
|
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 17.6 | % | | 19.7 | % | | 19.3 | % | | 20.1 | % |
| Tier 1 Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 20.5 | % | | 19.7 | % | | 23.0 | % | | 20.1 | % |
| Total Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 20.6 | % | | 19.7 | % | | 23.0 | % | | 20.1 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage Ratio | 7.1 | % | | 7.2 | % | | 7.6 | % | | 7.1 | % |
(1) CSC and CSB elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of AOCI in CET1 Capital. Beginning in 2019, CSC is required to include all components of AOCI in regulatory capital.
CSB is also subject to regulatory requirements that restrict and govern the terms of affiliate transactions. In addition, CSB is required to provide notice to, and may be required to obtain approval from, the OCCFederal Reserve and the Federal ReserveTexas Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending (TDSML) to declare dividends to CSC.
As a broker-dealer,broker-dealers, CS&Co, isTDAC, and TD Ameritrade, Inc., are subject to regulatory requirements of the Uniform Net Capital Rule, which is intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. These regulations prohibit CS&Cothe broker-dealer subsidiaries from paying cash dividends, making unsecured advances and loans to the parent companyCSC and employees, and repaying subordinated borrowings from CSC if such payment would result in a net capital amount below prescribed thresholds. At December 31, 2018,2021, CS&Co, wasTDAC, and TD Ameritrade, Inc. were in compliance with itstheir respective net capital requirements.
In addition to the capital requirements above, Schwab’s subsidiaries are subject to other regulatory requirements intended to ensure financial soundness and liquidity. See Item 8 – Note 2123 for additional information on the components of stockholders’ equity and information on the capital requirements of significant subsidiaries.
The following table details the capital ratios for CSC consolidated and CSB: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| CSC | | CSB | | CSC | | CSB |
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 56,261 | | | $ | 27,035 | | | $ | 56,060 | | | $ | 22,223 | |
| Less: | | | | | | | |
| Preferred stock | 9,954 | | | — | | | 7,733 | | | — | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital before regulatory adjustments | $ | 46,307 | | | $ | 27,035 | | | $ | 48,327 | | | $ | 22,223 | |
| Less: | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill, net of associated deferred tax liabilities | $ | 11,857 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 11,897 | | | $ | 13 | |
| Other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities | 7,579 | | | — | | | 8,103 | | | — | |
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances and deferred tax liabilities | 13 | | | 12 | | | 17 | | | 12 | |
| AOCI adjustment | (1,109) | | | (1,004) | | | 5,394 | | | 4,672 | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital | $ | 27,967 | | | $ | 28,014 | | | $ | 22,916 | | | $ | 17,526 | |
| Tier 1 Capital | $ | 37,921 | | | $ | 28,014 | | | $ | 30,649 | | | $ | 17,526 | |
| Total Capital | 37,950 | | | 28,033 | | | 30,688 | | | 17,558 | |
| Risk-Weighted Assets | 141,969 | | | 104,409 | | | 123,881 | | | 91,062 | |
| Total Leverage Exposure | 614,466 | | | 400,532 | | | 491,469 | | | 325,437 | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 19.7 | % | | 26.8 | % | | 18.5 | % | | 19.2 | % |
| Tier 1 Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 26.7 | % | | 26.8 | % | | 24.7 | % | | 19.2 | % |
| Total Capital/Risk-Weighted Assets | 26.7 | % | | 26.8 | % | | 24.8 | % | | 19.3 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage Ratio | 6.2 | % | | 7.1 | % | | 6.3 | % | | 5.5 | % |
| Supplementary Leverage Ratio | 6.2 | % | | 7.0 | % | | 6.2 | % | | 5.4 | % |
As a result of significant inflows of client cash in 2020, our Tier 1 Leverage Ratio for consolidated CSC and CSB declined below our long-term operating objectives. In 2021, the Company’s issuances of preferred stock and strength in earnings helped to largely maintain our Tier 1 Leverage Ratio, even as bank deposits and payables to brokerage clients grew by a total of $107.2 billion, or 23%, during the year. We ended 2021 with a consolidated Tier 1 Leverage Ratio of 6.2%, down slightly from the prior year-end of 6.3%. Earnings in 2021 as well as capital contributions from CSC drove an increase in CSB’s Tier 1 Leverage Ratio from 5.5% at year-end 2020 to 7.1% at year-end 2021. Though our Tier 1 Leverage Ratio is below our long-term operating objective for consolidated CSC, this ratio is well above the regulatory minimum. The pace of return to our long-term operating objective over time depends on a number of factors including the overall size of the Company’s balance sheet, earnings, and capital issuance and deployment.
IDA Agreement
Through December 31, 2021, Schwab had moved $10.1 billion of IDA balances to its balance sheet, which included uninsured balances and certain international account balances. The Company’s overall capital management strategy includes supporting migration of IDA balances in future periods as available pursuant to the terms of the IDA agreement. The Company’s ability to migrate these balances to its balance sheet is dependent upon multiple factors including having sufficient capital levels to sustain
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
these incremental deposits and the availability of IDA balances designated as floating-rate obligations. See Item 8 – Note 15 for further information on the IDA agreement.
Dividends
Since the initial dividend in 1989, CSC has paid 119131 consecutive quarterly dividends and has increased the quarterly dividend rate 2325 times, resulting in a 21%20% compounded annual growth rate, excluding the special cash dividend of $1.00 per common share in 2007. While the payment and amount of dividends are at the discretion of the Board of Directors, subject to certain regulatory and other restrictions, CSC currently targets its common and nonvoting common stock cash dividend at approximately 20% to 30% of net income.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
The Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend increasesincrease per common share during 2017 and 20182020 as shown below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Date of Declaration | Quarterly Cash Increase Per Common Share | | % Increase | | New Quarterly Dividend Per Common Share |
| January 30, 2020 | $ | 0.01 | | | 6 | % | | $ | 0.18 | |
| | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | Quarterly Cash Increase | | New Quarterly Dividend |
| Date of Declaration | Per Common Share | % Increase | Per Common Share |
| January 26, 2017 | $ | 0.01 |
| 14 | % | $ | 0.08 |
|
| January 25, 2018 | 0.02 |
| 25 | % | 0.10 |
|
| July 25, 2018 | 0.03 |
| 30 | % | 0.13 |
|
In addition, on January 30, 2019,26, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a fourtwo cent, or 31%11%, increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.17$0.20 per common share.
The following table details the CSC cash dividends paid and per share amounts:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Cash Paid | | Per Share
Amount | | Cash Paid | | Per Share
Amount |
| Common and Nonvoting Common Stock | $ | 1,366 | | | $ | 0.72 | | | $ | 1,039 | | | $ | 0.72 | |
Series A Preferred Stock (1) | 28 | | | 70.00 | | | 28 | | | 70.00 | |
Series C Preferred Stock (2) | 18 | | | 30.00 | | | 36 | | | 60.00 | |
Series D Preferred Stock (3) | 45 | | | 59.52 | | | 45 | | | 59.52 | |
Series E Preferred Stock (4) | 28 | | | 4,625.00 | | | 28 | | | 4,625.00 | |
Series F Preferred Stock (5) | 25 | | | 5,000.00 | | | 25 | | | 5,000.00 | |
Series G Preferred Stock (6) | 134 | | | 5,375.00 | | | 79 | | | 3,150.35 | |
Series H Preferred Stock (7) | 97 | | | 3,888.89 | | | N/A | | N/A |
Series I Preferred Stock (8) | 63 | | | 2,811.11 | | | N/A | | N/A |
Series J Preferred Stock (9) | 18 | | | 29.80 | | | N/A | | N/A |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| | Cash Paid | Per Share
Amount | | Cash Paid | Per Share
Amount |
| Common Stock | $ | 623 |
| $ | 0.46 |
| | $ | 431 |
| $ | 0.32 |
|
Series A Preferred Stock (1) | 28 |
| 70.00 |
| | 28 |
| 70.00 |
|
Series B Preferred Stock (2,5) | N/A |
| N/A |
| | 29 |
| 60.00 |
|
Series C Preferred Stock (2) | 36 |
| 60.00 |
| | 36 |
| 60.00 |
|
Series D Preferred Stock (2) | 45 |
| 59.52 |
| | 45 |
| 59.52 |
|
Series E Preferred Stock (3) | 28 |
| 4,625.00 |
| | 23 |
| 3,867.01 |
|
Series F Preferred Stock (4) | 27 |
| 5,430.56 |
| | N/A |
| N/A |
|
(1) Dividends paid semi-annually until February 1, 2022 and quarterly thereafter.
(2) Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on June 1, 2021. Prior to redemption, dividends paid quarterly and the final dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
(3) Dividends paid quarterly.
(3)(4) Dividends paid semi-annually until March 1, 2022 and quarterly thereafter.
(4) Series F Preferred Stock was issued on October 31, 2017. (5) Dividends paid semi-annually beginning on June 1, 2018 until December 1, 2027 and quarterly thereafter.
(5)(6) Series BG Preferred Stock was redeemedissued on April 30, 2020. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on September 1, 2020.
(7) Series H Preferred Stock was issued on December 11, 2020. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on March 1, 2017.2021.
(8) Series I Preferred Stock was issued on March 18, 2021. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
(9) Series J Preferred Stock was issued on March 30, 2021. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
N/A Not applicable.
Share Repurchases
On October 25, 2018, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors terminated the existing two share repurchase authorizations and replaced them with a new authorization to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of common stock. CSC repurchased 22 million shares of its common stock for $1.0 billion in 2018, completing all repurchases under this authorization. There were no repurchases of CSC’s common stock in 2018 prior to the fourth quarter, or in 2017.
On January 30, 2019, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $4.0 billion of common stock. The authorization does not have an expiration date.
FOREIGN HOLDINGS
At There were no repurchases of CSC’s common stock under this authorization during the years ended December 31, 2018, Schwab had exposure to non-sovereign financial and non-financial institutions in foreign countries, as well as agencies2021 or 2020. As of foreign governments. At December 31, 2018, the fair value of these holdings totaled $7.62021, $1.8 billion with the top three exposures being to issuers and counterparties domiciled in France at $2.8 billion, Sweden at $1.3 billion, and Canada at $0.8 billion.remained on our existing authorization.
In addition to the direct holdings in foreign companies and securities issued by foreign government agencies, Schwab has indirect exposure to foreign countries through its investments in CSIM money market funds (collectively, the Funds) resulting from brokerage clearing activities. At December 31, 2018, the Company had $21 million in investments in these Funds. Certain of the Funds’ positions include certificates of deposits, time deposits, commercial paper and corporate debt securities issued by counterparties in foreign countries. Schwab had outstanding margin loans to foreign residents of $746 million at December 31, 2018.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
FOREIGN EXPOSURE
At December 31, 2021, Schwab had exposure to non-sovereign financial and non-financial institutions in foreign countries, as well as agencies of foreign governments. At December 31, 2021, the fair value of these holdings totaled $12.5 billion, with the top three exposures being to issuers and counterparties domiciled in the United Kingdom at $5.2 billion, France at $3.9 billion, and Sweden at $754 million. At December 31, 2020, the fair value of these holdings totaled $10.1 billion, with the top three exposures being to issuers and counterparties domiciled in France at $6.7 billion, Germany at $1.2 billion, and Canada at $880 million. In addition, Schwab had outstanding margin loans to foreign residents of $3.3 billion and $2.2 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Schwab uses the market approach to determine the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, and to determine fair value disclosures. See Item 8 – NoteNotes 2 and Note 1618 for more information on our assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.
When available, Schwab uses quoted prices in active markets to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. When utilizing market data and bid-ask spread, we use the price within the bid-ask spread that best represents fair value. When quoted prices do not exist, prices are obtained from independent third-party pricing services to measure the fair value of investment assets. We generally obtain prices from three independent pricing sources for assets recorded at fair value. Our primary third-party pricing service provides prices based on observable trades and discounted cash flows that incorporate observable information such as yields for similar types of securities (a benchmark interest rate plus observable spreads) and weighted-average maturity for the same or similar “to-be-issued” securities. We compare the prices obtained from the primary independent pricing service to the prices obtained from the additional independent pricing services to determine if the price obtained from the primary independent pricing service is reasonable. Schwab does not adjust the prices received from independent third-party pricing services unless such prices are inconsistent with the definition of fair value and result in material differences in the amounts recorded. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we did not adjust prices received from the primary independent third-party pricing service.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The consolidated financial statements of Schwab have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Item 8 – Note 2 contains more information on our significant accounting policies made in connection with its application ofapplying these accounting principles.
While the majority of the revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are not based on estimates, there are certain accounting principles that require management to make estimates regarding matters that are uncertain and susceptible to change where such change may result in a material adverse impact on Schwab’s financial position and reported financial results. These critical accounting estimates are described below. Management regularly reviews the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements for reasonableness and adequacy.
Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Additionally, management has reviewed with the Audit Committee the Company’s significant estimates discussed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Income Taxes
Schwab estimates income tax expense based on amounts expected to be owed to the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate, including federal, state and local domestic jurisdictions, and immaterial amounts owed to several foreign jurisdictions. The estimated income tax expense is reported in the consolidated statements of income in taxes on income. Accrued taxes are reported in other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and represent the net estimated amount due to or to be received from taxing jurisdictions either currently or deferred to future periods. Deferred taxes arise from differences between assets and liabilities measured for financial reporting purposes versus income tax reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognized if, in management’s judgment, their realizability is determined to be more likely than not. Uncertain tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize. An uncertain tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit management believes is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement. In estimating accrued taxes, we assess the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment considering statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance in the context of the tax position. Because of the complexity of tax laws and regulations, interpretation can be difficult and subject to legal judgment given specific facts and circumstances.
Changes in the estimate of accrued taxes occur periodically due to changes in tax rates, interpretations of tax laws, the status of examinations being conducted by various taxing authorities, and newly enacted statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance that impacts the relative merits and risks of tax positions. These changes, when they occur, affect accrued taxes and can be significant to the operating results of the Company. See Item 8 – Note 22 for more information on the Company’s income taxes.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
significant to the operating results of the Company. See Item 8 – Note 20 for more information on the Company’s income taxes.
Legal and Regulatory Reserves
Reserves for legal and regulatory claims and proceedings reflect an estimate of probable losses for each matter, after considering, among other factors, the progress of the case, prior experience and the experience of others in similar cases, available defenses, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. In many cases, including most class action lawsuits, it is not possible to determine whether a loss will be incurred, or to estimate the range of that loss, until the matter is close to resolution, in which case no accrual is made until that time. Reserves are adjusted as more information becomes available. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates, and the actual cost of resolving a matter may ultimately differ materially from the amount reserved. See Item 8 – Note 1415 for more information on the Company’s contingencies related to legal and regulatory reserves.
Business Combinations
We have accounted for our acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date as we allocate the purchase price to the estimated fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets and the liabilities assumed. We also use our best estimates to determine the useful lives of the tangible and definite-lived intangible assets, which impact the periods over which depreciation and amortization of those assets are recognized. These best estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain as they pertain to forward looking views of our businesses, client behavior, and market conditions. In our acquisitions, we have also recognized goodwill at the amount by which the purchase price paid exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. See Item 8 – Notes 2 and 3 for more information on our valuation methods and the results of applying the acquisition method of accounting, including the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and, where relevant, the estimated remaining useful lives.
Our ongoing accounting for goodwill and the tangible and intangible assets acquired requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions as we exercise judgement to evaluate these assets for impairment. Our processes and accounting policies for evaluating impairments are further described in Item 8 – Note 2. One of our reporting units has an immaterial amount of goodwill. The results of the 2021 annual goodwill impairment testing for our other two reporting units indicated that the estimated fair values substantially exceeded their carrying amounts.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (GAAP), Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain references to the non-GAAP financial measures described below. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information about the financial performance of the Company, and facilitate meaningful comparison of Schwab’s results in the current period to both historic and future results. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and may not be comparable to non-GAAP financial measures presented by other companies.
Schwab’s use of non-GAAP measures is reflective of certain adjustments made to GAAP financial measures as described below.
| | | | | | | | |
| Non-GAAP Adjustment or Measure | Definition | Usefulness to Investors and Uses by Management |
| Acquisition and integration-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets | Schwab adjusts certain GAAP financial measures to exclude the impact of acquisition and integration-related costs incurred as a result of the Company’s acquisitions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and, where applicable, the income tax effect of these expenses.
Adjustments made to exclude amortization of acquired intangible assets are reflective of all acquired intangible assets, which were recorded as part of purchase accounting. These acquired intangible assets contribute to the Company’s revenue generation. Amortization of acquired intangible assets will continue in future periods over their remaining useful lives. | We exclude acquisition and integration-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets for the purpose of calculating certain non-GAAP measures because we believe doing so provides additional transparency of Schwab’s ongoing operations, and is useful in both evaluating the operating performance of the business and facilitating comparison of results with prior and future periods.
Acquisition and integration-related costs fluctuate based on the timing of acquisitions and integration activities, thereby limiting comparability of results among periods, and are not representative of the costs of running the Company’s ongoing business. Amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded because management does not believe it is indicative of the Company’s underlying operating performance. |
| Return on tangible common equity | Return on tangible common equity represents annualized adjusted net income available to common stockholders as a percentage of average tangible common equity. Tangible common equity represents common equity less goodwill, acquired intangible assets – net, and related deferred tax liabilities. | Acquisitions typically result in the recognition of significant amounts of goodwill and acquired intangible assets. We believe return on tangible common equity may be useful to investors as a supplemental measure to facilitate assessing capital efficiency and returns relative to the composition of Schwab’s balance sheet. |
The Company also uses adjusted diluted EPS and return on tangible common equity as components of performance criteria for employee bonus and certain executive management incentive compensation arrangements. The Compensation Committee of CSC’s Board of Directors maintains discretion in evaluating performance against these criteria.
The following tables present reconciliations of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Total expenses excluding interest (GAAP) | | $ | 10,807 | | $ | 7,391 | | $ | 5,873 | |
Acquisition and integration-related costs (1) | | (468) | | (442) | | (26) | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | | (615) | | (190) | | (27) | |
| Adjusted total expenses (non-GAAP) | | $ | 9,724 | | $ | 6,759 | | $ | 5,820 | |
(1) Acquisition and integration-related costs for 2021 primarily consist of $283 million of compensation and benefits, $132 million of professional services, and $39 million of occupancy and equipment. Acquisition and integration-related costs for 2020 primarily consist of $235 million of compensation and benefits, $158 million of professional services, and $30 million of other expense. Substantially all acquisition and integration-related costs for 2019 are included in professional services expense.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios, or as Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Amount | Diluted EPS | Amount | Diluted EPS | Amount | Diluted EPS |
Net income available to common stockholders (GAAP),
Earnings per common share — diluted (GAAP) | $ | 5,360 | | $ | 2.83 | | $ | 3,043 | | $ | 2.12 | | $ | 3,526 | | $ | 2.67 | |
| Acquisition and integration-related costs | 468 | | .25 | | 442 | | .31 | | 26 | | .02 | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 615 | | .32 | | 190 | | .13 | | 27 | | .02 | |
Income tax effects (1) | (268) | | (.15) | | (154) | | (.11) | | (13) | | (.01) | |
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders
(non-GAAP), Adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) | $ | 6,175 | | $ | 3.25 | | $ | 3,521 | | $ | 2.45 | | $ | 3,566 | | $ | 2.70 | |
(1) The income tax effects of the non-GAAP adjustments are determined using an effective tax rate reflecting the exclusion of non-deductible acquisition costs and are used to present the acquisition and integration-related costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets on an after-tax basis.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Return on average common stockholders’ equity (GAAP) | | 11 | % | 9 | % | 19 | % |
| Average common stockholders’ equity | | $ | 47,318 | | $ | 33,640 | | $ | 18,415 | |
| Less: Average goodwill | | (11,952) | | (6,590) | | (1,227) | |
| Less: Average acquired intangible assets — net | | (9,685) | | (5,059) | | (140) | |
| Plus: Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill and acquired intangible assets — net | | 1,919 | | 1,005 | | 67 | |
| Average tangible common equity | | $ | 27,600 | | $ | 22,996 | | $ | 17,115 | |
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders (1) | | $ | 6,175 | | $ | 3,521 | | $ | 3,566 | |
| Return on tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | | 22 | % | 15 | % | 21 | % |
(1) See table above for the reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders to adjusted net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP).
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see Risk Management in Part II, Item 7.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
| |
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Note 5.6. | | 69 |
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Note 6. | | 70 |
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| Note 7. | | 74 |
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| Note 9. | | 79 |
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| Note 10. | | 79 |
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| Note 12. | | 80 |
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Note 16.18. | | |
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Note 17.19. | | 91 |
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Note 18.20. | | 92 |
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Note 19.21. | | 93 |
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Note 20.22. | | |
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Note 21.23. | | |
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Note 22.24. | | |
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Note 23.25. | | |
| Note 26. | | 100 |
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Note 24. | | 102 |
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Note 25. | | |
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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Income | | | | | |
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net Revenues | | | | | |
| Interest revenue | $ | 8,506 | | | $ | 6,531 | | | $ | 7,580 | |
| Interest expense | (476) | | | (418) | | | (1,064) | |
| Net interest revenue | 8,030 | | | 6,113 | | | 6,516 | |
Asset management and administration fees (1) | 4,274 | | | 3,475 | | | 3,211 | |
| Trading revenue | 4,152 | | | 1,416 | | | 752 | |
| Bank deposit account fees | 1,315 | | | 355 | | | — | |
| Other | 749 | | | 332 | | | 242 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total net revenues | 18,520 | | | 11,691 | | | 10,721 | |
| Expenses Excluding Interest | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | 5,450 | | | 3,954 | | | 3,320 | |
| Professional services | 994 | | | 843 | | | 702 | |
| Occupancy and equipment | 976 | | | 703 | | | 559 | |
| Advertising and market development | 485 | | | 326 | | | 307 | |
| Communications | 587 | | | 353 | | | 253 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 549 | | | 414 | | | 322 | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 615 | | | 190 | | | 27 | |
| Regulatory fees and assessments | 275 | | | 163 | | | 122 | |
| Other | 876 | | | 445 | | | 261 | |
| Total expenses excluding interest | 10,807 | | | 7,391 | | | 5,873 | |
| Income before taxes on income | 7,713 | | | 4,300 | | | 4,848 | |
| Taxes on income | 1,858 | | | 1,001 | | | 1,144 | |
| Net Income | 5,855 | | | 3,299 | | | 3,704 | |
| Preferred stock dividends and other | 495 | | | 256 | | | 178 | |
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 5,360 | | | $ | 3,043 | | | $ | 3,526 | |
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding: | | | | | |
| Basic | 1,887 | | | 1,429 | | | 1,311 | |
| Diluted | 1,897 | | | 1,435 | | | 1,320 | |
Earnings Per Common Shares Outstanding (2): | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | 2.84 | | | $ | 2.13 | | | $ | 2.69 | |
| Diluted | $ | 2.83 | | | $ | 2.12 | | | $ | 2.67 | |
| | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Income | | | | | |
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Net Revenues | | | | | |
| Interest revenue | $ | 6,680 |
| | $ | 4,624 |
| | $ | 3,493 |
|
| Interest expense | (857 | ) | | (342 | ) | | (171 | ) |
| Net interest revenue | 5,823 |
| | 4,282 |
| | 3,322 |
|
Asset management and administration fees (1) | 3,229 |
| | 3,392 |
| | 3,055 |
|
| Trading revenue | 763 |
| | 654 |
| | 825 |
|
| Other | 317 |
| | 290 |
| | 276 |
|
| Total net revenues | 10,132 |
| | 8,618 |
| | 7,478 |
|
| Expenses Excluding Interest | | | | | |
|
| Compensation and benefits | 3,057 |
| | 2,737 |
| | 2,466 |
|
| Professional services | 654 |
| | 580 |
| | 506 |
|
| Occupancy and equipment | 496 |
| | 436 |
| | 398 |
|
| Advertising and market development | 313 |
| | 268 |
| | 265 |
|
| Communications | 242 |
| | 231 |
| | 237 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 306 |
| | 269 |
| | 234 |
|
| Regulatory fees and assessments | 189 |
| | 179 |
| | 144 |
|
| Other | 313 |
| | 268 |
| | 235 |
|
| Total expenses excluding interest | 5,570 |
| | 4,968 |
| | 4,485 |
|
| Income before taxes on income | 4,562 |
| | 3,650 |
| | 2,993 |
|
| Taxes on income | 1,055 |
| | 1,296 |
| | 1,104 |
|
| Net Income | 3,507 |
| | 2,354 |
| | 1,889 |
|
Preferred stock dividends and other (2) | 178 |
| | 174 |
| | 143 |
|
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 3,329 |
| | $ | 2,180 |
| | $ | 1,746 |
|
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding: | | | | | |
|
| Basic | 1,348 |
| | 1,339 |
| | 1,324 |
|
Diluted (3) | 1,361 |
| | 1,353 |
| | 1,334 |
|
| Earnings Per Common Shares Outstanding: | | | | | |
|
| Basic | $ | 2.47 |
| | $ | 1.63 |
| | $ | 1.32 |
|
Diluted (3) | $ | 2.45 |
| | $ | 1.61 |
| | $ | 1.31 |
|
(1)Includes fee waivers of $0, $10$326 million and $224$127 million duringfor the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 2016, respectively, relating to Schwab-sponsored money market funds.2020, respectively.
(2) Includes preferredFor the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had voting and nonvoting common stock dividendsoutstanding. As the participation rights, including dividend and undistributedliquidation rights, are identical between the voting and nonvoting stock classes, basic and diluted earnings and dividends allocated to non-vested restricted stock units.
(3) Antidilutive stock options and restricted stock units excluded fromper share are the calculation of diluted EPS totaled 18 million, 15 million, and 26 million shares in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
same for each class. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
19 and 25 for additional information.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | | | | | |
| (In Millions) | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Net income | $ | 3,507 |
| | $ | 2,354 |
| | $ | 1,889 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: | | | | | |
| Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities: | | | | | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | (123 | ) | | 13 |
| | (44 | ) |
| Reclassification of net unrealized loss transferred to held to maturity | — |
| | 227 |
| | — |
|
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue | — |
| | (12 | ) | | (4 | ) |
| Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on held to maturity securities: | | | | | |
| Reclassification of net unrealized loss transferred from available for sale | — |
| | (227 | ) | | — |
|
| Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer from available for sale | 35 |
| | 31 |
| | — |
|
| Other | (1 | ) | | (11 | ) | | 1 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | (89 | ) | | 21 |
| | (47 | ) |
| Income tax effect | 22 |
| | (10 | ) | | 18 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (67 | ) | | 11 |
| | (29 | ) |
| Comprehensive Income | $ | 3,440 |
| | $ | 2,365 |
| | $ | 1,860 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | | | | | |
| (In Millions) | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net income | $ | 5,855 | | | $ | 3,299 | | | $ | 3,704 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: | | | | | |
| Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities: | | | | | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | (8,521) | | | 6,961 | | | 430 | |
| | | | | |
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue | (4) | | | (4) | | | (6) | |
| Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on held to maturity securities: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer to held to maturity
from available for sale | — | | | — | | | 36 | |
| Other | (11) | | | 8 | | | (14) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | (8,536) | | | 6,965 | | | 446 | |
| Income tax effect | 2,033 | | | (1,659) | | | (106) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (6,503) | | | 5,306 | | | 340 | |
| Comprehensive Income (Loss) | $ | (648) | | | $ | 8,605 | | | $ | 4,044 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | | | |
| (In Millions, Except Per Share and Share Amounts) | | | |
| | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 27,938 |
| | $ | 14,217 |
|
Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes (including resale
agreements of $7,195 and $6,596 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) | 13,563 |
| | 15,139 |
|
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 553 |
| | 649 |
|
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 21,651 |
| | 20,576 |
|
| Other securities owned — at fair value | 539 |
| | 539 |
|
| Available for sale securities | 66,578 |
| | 49,995 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | 144,009 |
| | 120,926 |
|
| Bank loans — net | 16,609 |
| | 16,478 |
|
| Equipment, office facilities, and property — net | 1,769 |
| | 1,471 |
|
| Goodwill | 1,227 |
| | 1,227 |
|
| Other assets | 2,046 |
| | 2,057 |
|
| Total assets | $ | 296,482 |
| | $ | 243,274 |
|
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |
| | |
|
| Bank deposits | $ | 231,423 |
| | $ | 169,656 |
|
| Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 1,831 |
| | 1,287 |
|
| Payables to brokerage clients | 32,726 |
| | 31,243 |
|
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,954 |
| | 2,810 |
|
| Short-term borrowings | — |
| | 15,000 |
|
| Long-term debt | 6,878 |
| | 4,753 |
|
| Total liabilities | 275,812 |
| | 224,749 |
|
| Stockholders’ equity: | |
| | |
|
| Preferred stock — $.01 par value per share; aggregate liquidation preference of $2,850 | 2,793 |
| | 2,793 |
|
Common stock — 3 billion shares authorized; $.01 par value per share; 1,487,543,446
shares issued | 15 |
| | 15 |
|
| Additional paid-in capital | 4,499 |
| | 4,353 |
|
| Retained earnings | 17,329 |
| | 14,408 |
|
Treasury stock, at cost — 155,116,695 and 142,210,890 shares at December 31, 2018 and 2017,
respectively | (3,714 | ) | | (2,892 | ) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (252 | ) | | (152 | ) |
| Total stockholders’ equity | 20,670 |
| | 18,525 |
|
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 296,482 |
| | $ | 243,274 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | | | |
| (In Millions, Except Per Share and Share Amounts) | | | |
| | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 62,975 | | | $ | 40,348 | |
Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes (including resale agreements of $13,096 and $14,904 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 53,949 | | | 50,399 | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 90,565 | | | 64,440 | |
| Available for sale securities (amortized cost of $391,482 and $330,248 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively) | 390,054 | | | 337,400 | |
| | | |
| Bank loans — net | 34,636 | | | 23,813 | |
| Equipment, office facilities, and property — net | 3,442 | | | 2,883 | |
| Goodwill | 11,952 | | | 11,952 | |
| Acquired intangible assets — net | 9,379 | | | 9,991 | |
| Other assets | 10,318 | | | 7,783 | |
| Total assets | $ | 667,270 | | | $ | 549,009 | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 443,778 | | | $ | 358,022 | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 125,671 | | | 104,201 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 17,791 | | | 17,094 | |
| Short-term borrowings | 4,855 | | | — | |
| Long-term debt | 18,914 | | | 13,632 | |
| Total liabilities | 611,009 | | | 492,949 | |
| Stockholders’ equity: | | | |
Preferred stock — $.01 par value per share; aggregate liquidation preference of $10,100 and $7,850 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively | 9,954 | | | 7,733 | |
Common stock — 3 billion shares authorized; $.01 par value per share; 1,994,895,180 shares issued at December 31, 2021 and 2020 | 20 | | | 20 | |
Nonvoting common stock — 300 million shares authorized; $.01 par value per share; 79,293,695 shares issued at December 31, 2021 and 2020 | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 26,741 | | | 26,515 | |
| Retained earnings | 25,992 | | | 21,975 | |
Treasury stock, at cost — 180,959,274 and 193,577,648 shares at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively | (5,338) | | | (5,578) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,109) | | | 5,394 | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | 56,261 | | | 56,060 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 667,270 | | | $ | 549,009 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | | | |
| (In Millions) | | | |
| | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | 2017 (1) | 2016 (1) |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | | | |
| Net income | $ | 3,507 |
| $ | 2,354 |
| $ | 1,889 |
|
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | | | |
| Share-based compensation | 197 |
| 153 |
| 141 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 306 |
| 269 |
| 234 |
|
| Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes | 49 |
| 58 |
| 15 |
|
| Premium amortization, net, on available for sale and held to maturity securities | 350 |
| 342 |
| 266 |
|
| Other | 137 |
| 51 |
| 4 |
|
| Net change in: | | | |
| Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 6,922 |
| 4,933 |
| (1,635 | ) |
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 96 |
| 74 |
| (147 | ) |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | (1,100 | ) | (3,428 | ) | 150 |
|
| Other securities owned | — |
| (90 | ) | 84 |
|
| Other assets | (104 | ) | (177 | ) | (93 | ) |
| Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 573 |
| (1,148 | ) | (181 | ) |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 1,483 |
| (4,651 | ) | 2,709 |
|
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 40 |
| 421 |
| 167 |
|
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 12,456 |
| (839 | ) | 3,603 |
|
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | | | |
| Purchases of available for sale securities | (32,801 | ) | (15,033 | ) | (29,248 | ) |
| Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities | 115 |
| 8,617 |
| 5,537 |
|
| Principal payments on available for sale securities | 16,016 |
| 9,095 |
| 11,903 |
|
| Purchases of held to maturity securities | (40,873 | ) | (32,925 | ) | (31,162 | ) |
| Principal payments on held to maturity securities | 17,410 |
| 11,627 |
| 5,747 |
|
| Net increase in bank loans | (129 | ) | (1,071 | ) | (1,103 | ) |
| Purchases of equipment, office facilities, and property | (570 | ) | (400 | ) | (346 | ) |
| Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | (156 | ) | (430 | ) | (152 | ) |
| Proceeds from sales of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 529 |
| 106 |
| 88 |
|
| Other investing activities | (96 | ) | (59 | ) | (39 | ) |
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (40,555 | ) | (20,473 | ) | (38,775 | ) |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | | | |
Net change in bank deposits (2) | 61,767 |
| 6,186 |
| 33,952 |
|
| Net change in short-term borrowings | (15,000 | ) | 15,000 |
| — |
|
| Issuance of long-term debt | 3,024 |
| 2,129 |
| — |
|
| Repayment of long-term debt | (909 | ) | (257 | ) | (7 | ) |
| Repurchases of common stock | (1,000 | ) | — |
| — |
|
| Net proceeds from preferred stock offerings | — |
| 492 |
| 1,316 |
|
| Redemption of preferred stock | — |
| (485 | ) | — |
|
| Dividends paid | (787 | ) | (592 | ) | (486 | ) |
| Proceeds from stock options exercised | 125 |
| 171 |
| 144 |
|
| Other financing activities | (54 | ) | (45 | ) | 44 |
|
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 47,166 |
| 22,599 |
| 34,963 |
|
| Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Amounts Restricted | 19,067 |
| 1,287 |
| (209 | ) |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents including Amounts Restricted at Beginning of Year | 19,160 |
| 17,873 |
| 18,082 |
|
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Amounts Restricted at End of Year | $ | 38,227 |
| $ | 19,160 |
| $ | 17,873 |
|
Continued on following page
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |
| (In Millions) | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Nonvoting
Common Stock | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) | | |
| Preferred
Stock | Common Stock | Retained
Earnings | Treasury Stock,
at cost | | |
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 2,793 | | 1,488 | | $ | 15 | | — | | $ | — | | $ | 4,499 | | $ | 17,329 | | $ | (3,714) | | $ | (252) | | | $ | 20,670 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3,704 | | — | | — | | | 3,704 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 340 | | | 340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (161) | | — | | — | | | (161) | |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.68 per share | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (899) | | — | | — | | | (899) | |
| Repurchase of common stock | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (2,220) | | — | | | (2,220) | |
| Stock option exercises and other | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (56) | | — | | 174 | | — | | | 118 | |
| Share-based compensation | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 171 | | — | | — | | — | | | 171 | |
| Other | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 42 | | (13) | | (7) | | — | | | 22 | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 2,793 | | 1,488 | | 15 | | — | | — | | 4,656 | | 19,960 | | (5,767) | | 88 | | | 21,745 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3,299 | | — | | — | | | 3,299 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 5,306 | | | 5,306 | |
| Acquisition of TD Ameritrade | — | | 509 | | 5 | | 77 | | 1 | | 21,757 | | — | | (5) | | — | | | 21,758 | |
| Issuance of preferred stock, net | 4,940 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | 4,940 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (240) | | — | | — | | | (240) | |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.72 per share | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (1,040) | | — | | — | | | (1,040) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock option exercises and other | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (121) | | — | | 200 | | — | | | 79 | |
| Share-based compensation | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 192 | | — | | — | | — | | | 192 | |
| Other | — | | (2) | | — | | 2 | | — | | 31 | | (4) | | (6) | | — | | | 21 | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 7,733 | | 1,995 | | 20 | | 79 | | 1 | | 26,515 | | 21,975 | | (5,578) | | 5,394 | | | 56,060 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 5,855 | | — | | — | | | 5,855 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (6,503) | | | (6,503) | |
| Issuance of preferred stock, net | 2,806 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | | 2,806 | |
| Redemption of preferred stock | (585) | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (15) | | — | | — | | | (600) | |
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (456) | | — | | — | | | (456) | |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.72 per share | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (1,367) | | — | | — | | | (1,367) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock option exercises and other | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (84) | | — | | 305 | | — | | | 221 | |
| Share-based compensation | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 229 | | — | | — | | — | | | 229 | |
| Other | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 81 | | — | | (65) | | — | | | 16 | |
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 9,954 | | 1,995 | | $ | 20 | | 79 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 26,741 | | $ | 25,992 | | $ | (5,338) | | $ | (1,109) | | | $ | 56,261 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | | | |
| (In Millions) | | | |
| | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | | | |
| Net income | $ | 5,855 | | $ | 3,299 | | $ | 3,704 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | | | |
| Share-based compensation | 254 | | 204 | | 183 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 549 | | 414 | | 322 | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 615 | | 190 | | 27 | |
| Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes | 53 | | (138) | | 2 | |
| Premium amortization, net, on available for sale securities | 2,346 | | 1,586 | | 446 | |
| Other | 372 | | 349 | | 199 | |
| Net change in: | | | |
| Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | (3,398) | | (10,208) | | (977) | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | (26,168) | | (14,609) | | (125) | |
| Other assets | (1,152) | | 4 | | (709) | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 21,470 | | 22,909 | | 6,494 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1,322 | | 2,852 | | (241) | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 2,118 | | 6,852 | | 9,325 | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | | | |
| Purchases of available for sale securities | (171,732) | | (202,171) | | (31,815) | |
| Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities | 13,306 | | 4,801 | | 24,495 | |
| Principal payments on available for sale securities | 94,912 | | 63,247 | | 21,616 | |
| Purchases of held to maturity securities | — | | — | | (19,441) | |
| Principal payments on held to maturity securities | — | | — | | 19,606 | |
| Net change in bank loans | (10,845) | | (5,675) | | (1,730) | |
| Cash acquired in acquisitions, net of cash paid | — | | 14,748 | | — | |
| Purchases of equipment, office facilities, and property | (916) | | (631) | | (708) | |
| Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | — | | (26) | | (27) | |
| Proceeds from sales of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | — | | 32 | | 24 | |
| Purchases of Federal Reserve stock | (245) | | (191) | | — | |
| Other investing activities | (143) | | 15 | | (56) | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (75,663) | | (125,851) | | 11,964 | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | | | |
| Net change in bank deposits | 85,756 | | 137,928 | | (11,329) | |
| Proceeds from commercial paper and secured lines of credit | 11,107 | | 1,234 | | 1,400 | |
| Repayment of commercial paper and secured lines of credit | (6,255) | | (1,234) | | (1,400) | |
| | | |
| Issuance of long-term debt | 7,036 | | 3,070 | | 593 | |
| Repayment of long-term debt | (1,822) | | (700) | | — | |
| Repurchases of common stock | — | | — | | (2,220) | |
| Net proceeds from preferred stock offerings | 2,806 | | 4,940 | | — | |
| Redemption of preferred stock | (600) | | — | | — | |
| Dividends paid | (1,822) | | (1,280) | | (1,060) | |
| Proceeds from stock options exercised | 221 | | 79 | | 118 | |
| Other financing activities | (104) | | (55) | | (41) | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 96,323 | | 143,982 | | (13,939) | |
| Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Amounts Restricted | 22,778 | | 24,983 | | 7,350 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Amounts Restricted at Beginning of Year | 70,560 | | 45,577 | | 38,227 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Amounts Restricted at End of Year | $ | 93,338 | | $ | 70,560 | | $ | 45,577 | |
Continued on following page.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Continued from previous pagepage.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Supplemental Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Non-cash investing activity: | | | |
| Securities transferred from held to maturity to available for sale, at fair value | $ | — | | $ | 136,099 | | $ | 8,771 | |
| | | |
| Additions of equipment, office facilities, and property | $ | 125 | | $ | 110 | | $ | 45 | |
| Acquisition of TD Ameritrade | $ | — | | $ | 21,758 | | $ | — | |
| Non-cash financing activity: | | | |
| Extinguishment of finance lease obligation through an assignment agreement | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 52 | |
| | | |
| Other Supplemental Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Cash paid during the period for: | | | |
| Interest | $ | 501 | | $ | 434 | | $ | 1,075 | |
| Income taxes | $ | 2,053 | | $ | 803 | | $ | 1,199 | |
| Amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 212 | | $ | 163 | | $ | 133 | |
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 89 | | $ | 160 | | $ | 97 | |
| Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | $ | 109 | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | 2017 (1) | 2016 (1) |
| Supplemental Cash Flow Information | | | |
| Cash paid during the year for: | | | |
| Interest | $ | 798 |
| $ | 327 |
| $ | 160 |
|
| Income taxes | $ | 927 |
| $ | 1,212 |
| $ | 991 |
|
| Non-cash investing activity: | | | |
| Securities purchased during the period but settled after period end | $ | — |
| $ | 29 |
| $ | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and amounts reported within the balance sheet (1) | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 62,975 | | $ | 40,348 | | $ | 29,345 | |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents amounts included in cash and investments segregated
and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 30,363 | | 30,212 | | 16,232 | |
Total cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted shown in the
statement of cash flows | $ | 93,338 | | $ | 70,560 | | $ | 45,577 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and amounts reported within the balance sheet (3) | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 27,938 |
| $ | 14,217 |
| $ | 10,828 |
|
Restricted cash and cash equivalents amounts included in cash and investments segregated
and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 10,289 |
| 4,943 |
| 7,045 |
|
Total cash and cash equivalents, including amounts restricted shown in the
statement of cash flows | $ | 38,227 |
| $ | 19,160 |
| $ | 17,873 |
|
(1) Adjusted for the retrospective adoption of ASU 2016-18. See Note 2.
(2) Includes transfers from other sweep features to bank sweep of $72 billion, $5 billion and $8 billion for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(3) For more information on the nature of restrictions on restricted cash and cash equivalents, see Note 21.23.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |
| (In Millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | | | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income (Loss) | | |
| | Preferred
Stock | | Common Stock | | | Retained
Earnings | | Treasury Stock,
at cost | | | |
| | | Shares | | Amount | | | | | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 1,459 |
| | 1,488 |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 4,152 |
| | $ | 11,253 |
| | $ | (3,343 | ) | | $ | (134 | ) | | $ | 13,402 |
|
| Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,889 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,889 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (29 | ) | | (29 | ) |
| Issuance of preferred stock, net | 1,324 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,324 |
|
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (126 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (126 | ) |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.27
per share | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (360 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (360 | ) |
| Stock option exercises and other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (80 | ) | | — |
| | 224 |
| | — |
| | 144 |
|
Share-based compensation and related tax
effects | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 177 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 177 |
|
| Other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 18 |
| | (7 | ) | | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | 2,783 |
| | 1,488 |
| | 15 |
| | 4,267 |
| | 12,649 |
| | (3,130 | ) | | (163 | ) | | 16,421 |
|
| Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,354 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,354 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | 11 |
|
| Issuance of preferred stock, net | 492 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 492 |
|
| Redemption of preferred stock | (482 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (485 | ) |
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (161 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (161 | ) |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.32
per share | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (431 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (431 | ) |
| Stock option exercises and other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (88 | ) | | — |
| | 259 |
| | — |
| | 171 |
|
| Share-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 144 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 144 |
|
| Other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 30 |
| | — |
| | (21 | ) | | — |
| | 9 |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | 2,793 |
| | 1,488 |
| | 15 |
| | 4,353 |
| | 14,408 |
| | (2,892 | ) | | (152 | ) | | 18,525 |
|
| Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 200 |
| | — |
| | (33 | ) | | 167 |
|
| Net income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3,507 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3,507 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (67 | ) | | (67 | ) |
| Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (164 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (164 | ) |
Dividends declared on common stock — $.46
per share | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (624 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (624 | ) |
| Repurchase of common stock | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,000 | ) | | — |
| | (1,000 | ) |
| Stock option exercises and other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (84 | ) | | — |
| | 209 |
| | — |
| | 125 |
|
| Share-based compensation | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 188 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 188 |
|
| Other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 42 |
| | 2 |
| | (31 | ) | | — |
| | 13 |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 2,793 |
| | 1,488 |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 4,499 |
| | $ | 17,329 |
| | $ | (3,714 | ) | | $ | (252 | ) | | $ | 20,670 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation | |
1. | Introduction and Basis of Presentation |
The Charles Schwab Corporation (CSC) is a savings and loan holding company, headquartered in San Francisco, California.company. CSC was incorporated in 1986 and engages, through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as Schwab or the Company), in wealth management, securities brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, and financial advisory services.
SignificantPrincipal business subsidiaries of CSC include the following:
•Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (CS&Co) is, incorporated in 1971, a securities broker-dealer;
•TD Ameritrade, Inc., an introducing securities broker-dealer;
•TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc. (TDAC), a securities broker-dealer with over 355that provides trade execution and clearing services to TD Ameritrade, Inc.;
•Charles Schwab Bank, SSB (CSB), our principal banking entity; and
•Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds (Schwab Funds®) and for Schwab’s exchange-traded funds (Schwab ETFs™).
Schwab’s securities broker-dealers have approximately 400 domestic branch offices in 4748 states and the District of Columbia, as well as a branchlocations in Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In addition, Schwab serves clients through branch offices in the U.K.,United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia through various subsidiaries;Singapore.
Charles Schwab Bank (CSB), a federal savings bank; and
| |
• | Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), the investment advisor for Schwab’s proprietary mutual funds (Schwab Funds®), and for Schwab’s exchange-traded funds (Schwab ETFs™).
|
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Schwab,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean CSC together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include CSC and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP, which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the accompanying financial statements and in the related disclosures. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. While management makes its best judgment, actual amounts or results could differ from those estimates. Certain estimates relate to taxes on income, and legal and regulatory reserves. Actualreserves, and fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as goodwill recognized, in business combinations.
Effective October 6, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of TDA Holding and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “TD Ameritrade” or “TDA”). Our consolidated financial statements include the results may differ from those estimates.of operations and financial condition of TD Ameritrade beginning on October 6, 2020. See Note 3 for additional information on our acquisition of TD Ameritrade.
Principles of Consolidation
Schwab evaluates all entities in which it has financial interests for consolidation, except for money market funds, which are specifically excluded from consolidation guidance. When an entity is evaluated for consolidation, Schwab determines whether its interest in the entity constitutes a controlling financial interest under either the variable interest entity (VIE) model or the voting interest entity (VOE) model. In evaluating whether Schwab’s interest in a VIE is a controlling financial interest, we consider whether our involvement in the context of the design, purpose, and risks of the VIE, as well as any involvement of related parties, provides us with (i) the power to direct the most significant activities of the VIE, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that are significant to the VIE. If both of these conditions exist, then Schwab would be the primary beneficiary of that VIE and consolidate it. Based upon the assessments for all of our interests in VIEs, there are no cases where the Company is the primary beneficiary; therefore, we are not required to consolidate any VIEs. See Note 11 for further information about VIEs. Schwab consolidates all VOEs in which it has majority-voting interests.
Investments in entities in which Schwab does not have a controlling financial interest are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions of the entity.entity or by accounting policy for investments in certain types of limited liability entities. Investments in entities for which Schwab does not haveapply the ability to exercise significant influenceequity method are generally carried at cost and adjusted for impairment and observable price changes of the identical or similar investments of the same issuer (adjusted cost method), except for certain investments in qualified affordable housing projects which are accounted for under the proportional amortization method. All equity method, adjusted cost method, and proportional amortization method investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
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adjusted cost method, and proportional amortization method investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue recognition
Schwab’s accounting policiesNet interest revenue
Net interest revenue is not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606 Revenue From Contracts With Customers (ASC 606), because it is generated from financial instruments covered by various other areas of GAAP. Net interest revenue is the difference between interest generated on interest earning assets and interest paid on funding sources. Our primary interest earning assets include cash and cash equivalents; segregated cash and investments; margin loans; investment securities; and bank loans. Fees earned and incurred on securities borrowing and lending activities, which are conducted by the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries on assets held in client brokerage accounts, are also included in interest revenue and expense.
Asset management and administration fees
The majority of asset management and administration fees are generated through our proprietary and third-party mutual fund and ETF offerings, as well as fee-based advisory solutions. Mutual fund and ETF service fees are charged for investment management, shareholder, and administration services provided to Schwab Funds® and Schwab ETFs™, as well as recordkeeping, shareholder, and administration services provided to third-party funds. Advice solutions fees are charged for brokerage and asset management services provided to advice solutions clients. Both mutual fund and ETF service fees and advice solutions fees are earned and recognized over time. Fees are generally based on a percentage of the daily value of assets under management and are collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Trading revenue
Trading revenue recognitionis primarily generated through commissions earned for executing trades for clients in individual equities, options, fixed income securities, and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs, as well as order flow revenue. Commissions revenue is earned when the trades are discussedexecuted and collected when the trades are settled. Order flow revenue is comprised of rebate payments received from execution venues to which our broker-dealer subsidiaries send equity and option orders. Order flow revenue is recognized when the trades are executed and is collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Bank deposit account fees
Bank deposit account fees consist of revenues resulting from sweep programs offered to certain clients whereby uninvested client cash is swept off-balance sheet to FDIC-insured (up to specified limits) accounts at the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party depository institutions. The Company provides marketing, recordkeeping, and support services related to these sweep programs to the TD Depository Institutions and other third-party depository institutions in Note 3.exchange for bank deposit account fees. These revenues are based on floating and fixed yields as elected by the Company subject to certain requirements, less interest paid to clients and other applicable fees. Bank deposit account fees are earned and recognized over time and collected on a monthly basis.
Other revenue
Other revenue includes exchange processing fees, certain service fees, software fees, and non-recurring gains. Generally, the most significant portion of other revenue is exchange processing fees, which are comprised of fees the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries charge clients to offset the exchange processing fees imposed on us by third-parties. Exchange processing fees are earned and collected when the trade is executed and are recognized gross of amounts remitted to the third-parties, which are included in other expenses.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Unsatisfied performance obligations
We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to an elective practical expedient under ASC 606. The practical expedient applies to and is elected for contracts where we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.
Cash and cash equivalents
Schwab considers all highly liquid investments that mature in three months or less from the time of acquisition and that are not segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market funds, deposits with banks, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasury securities. Cash and cash equivalents also include balances that our banking subsidiaries maintain at the Federal Reserve.
Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes
Pursuant to Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other applicable regulations, Schwab maintains cash or qualified securities in segregated reserve accounts for the exclusive benefit of clients. Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposesinclude securities purchased underresale agreements, to resell (resale agreements), which are collateralized by U.S. Government and agency securities. Resale agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions that are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. TheUnder these resale agreements, the Company obtains collateral with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amountloaned and accruedthe interest under resale agreements.accrued. Collateral is valued daily by the Company, with additional collateral obtained to ensure full collateralization. Cash and investments segregated also include certificates of deposit and U.S. Government securities. Certificates of deposit and U.S. Government securities are recorded at fair value. Pursuantvalue and unrealized gains and losses are included in earnings.
Schwab applies the practical expedient based on collateral maintenance provisions under ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC 326), in estimating an allowance for credit losses for resale agreements. This practical expedient can be applied for financial assets with collateral maintenance provisions requiring the borrower to continually adjust the SEC’s Customer Protection Rule, cash balances not collateralizing margin positions and not swept to money market funds or bank deposit accounts,amount of the collateral securing the financial assets as a result of fair value changes in the collateral. In accordance with the practical expedient, when the Company reasonably expects that borrowers (or counterparties, as applicable) will replenish the collateral as required, there is no expectation of credit losses when the collateral’s fair value is greater than the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the amortized cost exceeds the fair value of collateral, then credit losses are segregated by Schwab forestimated only on the exclusive benefit of clients.unsecured portion.
Receivables from brokerage clients
Receivables from brokerage clients include margin loans to securities brokerage clients and other trading receivables from clients. Margin loans are collateralized by client securities and are carried at the amount receivable, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts.credit losses. Collateral is required to be maintained at specified minimum levels at all times. The Company monitors margin levels and requires clients to depositprovide additional collateral, or reduce margin positions, to meet minimum collateral requirements if the fair value of the collateral changes. Receivables from brokerage clients that remainSchwab applies the practical expedient based on collateral maintenance provisions in estimating an allowance for credit losses for margin loans. An allowance for credit losses on unsecured or partially secured for morereceivables from brokerage clients is estimated based on the aging of those receivables. Unsecured balances due to confirmed fraud are reserved immediately. The Company’s policy is to charge off any delinquent margin loans, including the accrued interest on such loans, no later than 30at 90 days are fully reserved forpast due. Accrued interest charged off is recognized as credit loss expense and is included in other expenses in the allowance for doubtful accounts, except in the caseconsolidated statements of confirmed fraud, which is reserved immediately.income. Clients with margin loans have agreed to allow Schwab to pledge collateralized securities in accordance with federal regulations. The collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for doubtful accounts for brokerage clients and related activity was immaterial for all periods presented.
Other securities owned at fair value
Other securities owned are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value based on quoted market prices or other observable market data. Unrealized gains and losses are included in earnings.
Investment securities
AFS securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are reported, net of taxes, in AOCI included in stockholders’ equity. HTM securities are recorded at amortized cost based on the Company’s positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Realized gains and losses from sales of AFS securities are determined on a specific identification basis and Client-held fractional shares are included in other revenue.
Management evaluates whether investment securities owned for client positions for which off-balance sheet treatment pursuant to ASC 940 Financial Services – Brokers and Dealers is not applicable and the derecognition criteria in ASC 860 Transfers and Servicing,are OTTI on a quarterly basis. Debt securities with unrealized lossesnot met. These client-held fractional shares have related repurchase liabilities that are considered OTTI if the Company intends to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell such security before any anticipated recovery. If management determines that a security is OTTI under these circumstances, the impairment recognized in earnings is measured as the entire difference between amortized cost andaccounted for at fair value.
value
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. See Fair values of assets and liabilities below in this Note 2 for further information on these repurchase liabilities.
A security
AFS investment securities
AFS investment securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, other than losses related to credit factors, are reported, net of taxes, in AOCI included in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from sales of AFS investment securities are determined using the specific-identification method and are included in other revenue. Interest income is also OTTI if management does not expect to recover all ofrecognized using the amortized cost ofeffective interest method based on the security. In this circumstance, the impairment recognized in earnings represents the estimated credit loss, and is measured by the difference between the present value of expected cash flows and the amortized costcontractual terms of the security. Where appropriate, modelsapplicable, prepayments are utilizedaccounted for as they occur (i.e., prepayments are not estimated).
An AFS investment security is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost basis. Management evaluates AFS investment securities with unrealized losses to estimatedetermine whether the security impairment has resulted from a credit loss or other factors. This evaluation is performed quarterly on a discounted cash flow basis using the security’s effective interest rate.an individual security basis.
The evaluation of whether we expect to recover the amortized cost of a securitycredit loss exists is inherently judgmental. TheThis evaluation considers multiple factors including: the magnitude and duration of the unrealized loss; the financial condition of the issuer; the payment structure of the security; external credit ratings; our internal credit ratings; the security’s market implied credit spread; for asset-backed securities, the amount of credit support provided by the structure of the security to absorb credit losses on the underlying collateral; recent events specific to the issuer and the issuer’s industry; and whether all scheduled principal and interest payments have been received.
If management determines that the impairment of an AFS investment security (or a portion of the impairment) is related to credit losses, an allowance for credit losses is recorded for that security through a charge to earnings. The allowance for credit losses is measured as the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of expected cash flows and is limited to the difference between amortized cost and the fair value of the security. The Company estimates credit losses on a discounted cash flow basis using the security’s effective interest rate. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded through earnings in the period of the change.
If it is determined that the Company intends to sell the impaired security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before any anticipated recovery of the amortized cost basis, any allowance for credit losses of that security will be written off and the amortized cost basis of the security will be written down to fair value with any incremental impairment recorded through earnings.
The Company excludes accrued interest from the fair value and the amortized cost basis of the AFS investment securities for the purposes of identifying and measuring impairment of the securities. AFS investment securities are placed on nonaccrual status on a timely basis and any accrued interest receivable is reversed through interest income.
Securities borrowed and securities loaned
Securities borrowed transactions require Schwab to deliver cash to the lender in exchange for securities; the receivables from these transactions are included in receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations.other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. For securities loaned, Schwab receives collateral in the form of cash in an amount equal to or greater than the market value of securities loaned; the payables from these transactions are included in payables to brokers, dealers,accrued expenses and clearing organizations.other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The market value of securities borrowed and loaned areis monitored with additionaland collateral obtained or refundedis adjusted to ensure full collateralization. Fees received or paid are recorded in interest revenue or interest expense. Schwab applies the practical expedient based on collateral maintenance provisions in estimating an allowance for credit losses for securities borrowed receivables.
Bank loans and related allowance for loan losses
Bank loans held for investments are recorded at theiramortized cost, which is comprised of the contractual principal amounts and includeadjusted for unamortized direct origination costs or net purchase discounts or premiums. Direct origination costs and premiums and discounts are recognized in interest revenue using the effective interest method over the contractual life of the loan and are adjusted for actual prepayments. Additionally, loans are recorded net ofmanagement estimates an allowance for loan losses.credit losses, which is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to arrive at the amount expected to be collected. The bank loan portfolio includes four loan types: First Mortgages, HELOCs,3 portfolio segments: residential real estate, PALs, and other loans. We use these segments when developing and documenting our methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. The residential real estate portfolio segment is
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
divided into 2 classes of financing receivables for purposes of monitoring and assessing credit risk: First Mortgages and HELOCs.
Schwab records an allowance for credit losses through a charge to earnings based on our estimate of current expected credit losses for the existing portfolio. We review the allowance for credit losses quarterly, taking into consideration current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, the composition of the existing loan losses.portfolio, past loss experience, and any other risks inherent in the portfolio to ensure that the allowance for credit losses is maintained at an appropriate level.
PALs are collateralized by marketable securities with liquid markets. Credit lines are over-collateralized dependentand borrowers are required to maintain collateral at specified levels at all times. The required collateral levels are determined based on the type of security pledged. CollateralAdditionally, collateral market value is monitored on a daily basis and a borrower’s committedcredit line may be reduced or collateral may be liquidated if the collateral is in danger of falling below specified levels. As such, the credit loss inherent within this portfolio is limited.
Schwab recordsapplies the practical expedient based on collateral maintenance provisions in estimating an allowance for loancredit losses through a charge to earnings based on our estimate of probable losses in the existing portfolio. We review the allowance for loan losses quarterly, taking into consideration current economic conditions, the composition of the existing loan portfolio, past loss experience, and risks inherent in the portfolio to ensure that the allowance for loan losses is maintained at an appropriate level.PALs.
The methodology to establish an allowance for loancredit losses for the residential real estate portfolio segment utilizes statistical models that estimate prepayments, defaults, and probableexpected losses for the loan segmentsthis portfolio segment based on predicted behavior of individual loans within the segments. The methodology considers the effects of borrower behavior and a variety of factors including, but not limited to, interest rates, housing price movements as measured by a housing price index, economic conditions, estimated defaults and foreclosures measured by historical and expected delinquencies, changes in prepayment speeds, LTV ratios, past loss experience, estimates of future loss severities, borrower credit risk, and the adequacy of collateral.segment. The methodology also evaluates concentrations in the loan types,classes of financing receivables, including loan products within those types,classes, year of origination, and geographical distribution of collateral.
ProbableExpected credit losses are forecast using a loan-level simulation of the delinquency status of the loans over the term of the loans. The simulation starts with the current relevant risk indicators, including the current delinquent status of each loan, the estimated current LTV ratio (Estimated Current LTV) of each loan, the term and structure of each loan, borrower FICO scores, and current key interest rates including U.S. Treasury, SOFR, and LIBOR rates, and borrower FICO scores.rates. The more significant variables in the simulation include delinquency roll rates, loss severity, housing prices, interest rates, and interest rates.the unemployment rate. Delinquency roll rates (i.e., the rates at which loans transition through delinquency stages and ultimately result in a loss) are estimated from our historical loss experience adjusted for current trends and market information.information, which includes current and forecasted conditions. Loss severity (i.e., loss given default) estimates are based on our historical loss experience and
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
market trends.trends, both current and forecasted. The estimated loss severity (i.e., loss given default)estimate used in the allowance for loancredit loss methodology for HELOC loansHELOCs is higher than that used in the methodology for First Mortgages. Housing price trends are derived from historical home price indices and econometric forecasts of future home values. Factors affecting the home price index include housing inventory, unemployment, interest rates, and inflation expectations. Interest rate projections are based on the current term structure of interest rates and historical volatilities to project various possible future interest rate paths. ThisThe unemployment rate forecast is typically based on the recent consensus of regularly published economic surveys. Linear interpolation is applied to revert to long-term trends after the reasonable and supportable forecast period.
The methodology described above results in loss factors that are applied to the outstanding balancesamortized cost basis of loans, exclusive of accrued interest receivable, to determine the allowance for loancredit losses for First Mortgages and HELOCs.
Management also estimates a liability for expected credit losses on the Company’s commitments to extend credit related to unused HELOCs and commitments to purchase first mortgages. See Note 15 for additional information on these commitments. The liability is calculated by applying the loss factors described above to the commitments expected to be funded and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The liability for each loan type.expected credit losses on these commitments and related activity were immaterial for all periods presented.
Schwab considers loan modifications in which it makes an economic concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty to be troubled debt restructurings (TDRs).
Nonaccrual, Nonperformingnonperforming and Impairedimpaired loans
First Mortgages, HELOCs, PALs, and other loans are placed on nonaccrual status upon becoming 90 days past due as to interest or principal (unless the loans are well-secured and in the process of collection), or when the full timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, including loans to borrowers who have filed for bankruptcy. HELOC loans secured by a second lien are placed on non-accrual status if the associated first lien is 90 days or more delinquent, regardless of the payment status of the HELOC. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the accrued and unpaid interest receivable is reversed and the loan is accounted for on the cash or cost recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual status.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Generally, a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal is repaid and the borrower demonstrates a sustained period of performance, or when the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection and collectability is no longer doubtful. Loans on nonaccrual status and other real estate owned are considered nonperforming assets. Nonaccrual loans, other real estate owned, and TDRs are considered impaired assets, as it is probable we will not collect all amounts due.
Loan Charge-Offscharge-offs
The Company charges off a loan in the period that it is deemed uncollectible and records a reduction in the allowance for loancredit losses and the loan balance. Our charge-off policy for First Mortgage and HELOC loans is to assess the value of the property when the loan has been delinquent for 180 days or has been discharged in bankruptcy proceedings, regardless of whether the property is in foreclosure, and charge-off the amount of the loan balance in excess of the estimated current value of the underlying property less estimated costs to sell. The Company’s policy for PALs is to charge off any delinquent loans no later than at 90 days past due.
Equipment, office facilities, and property
Equipment, office facilities, and property are recorded at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, except for land, which is recorded at cost. Equipment, office facilities, and property include certain capitalized costs of acquired or internally developed software. Costs for internally developed software are capitalized when the costs relate to development of approved projects for our internal needs that result in additional functionality. Costs related to preliminary project and post-project activities are expensed as incurred. Equipment, office facilities, and property (other than land) are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
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EquipmentAll equipment types and office facilitiesfurniture | 53 to 10 years |
| Buildings | 20 to 40 years |
| Building and land improvements | 20 years |
| Software | 3 to 10 years (1) |
| Leasehold improvements | Lesser of useful life or lease term |
(1) Amortized over contractual term if less than three years.
Equipment, office facilities, and property are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular AmountsEquipment, office facilities, and property acquired in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, ora business combination are recognized at their estimated fair values as Noted)
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the fair value of acquired businesses in excess of the date of acquisition. The fair valuevalues of real property, personal property, construction in progress, and land acquired are estimated using a sales comparison and cost approach, including consideration of functional and economic obsolescence. The Company determined the weighted-average useful lives of the individually identified net assets acquired. based on the current condition and expected future use of the assets as of the date of acquisition.
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or whenever indications of impairment exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwilla reporting unit exceeds its impliedestimated fair value, resulting in an impairment charge for this excess.excess, with the maximum charge limited to the carrying value of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Our annual impairment testing date is April 1st. Schwab can elect to qualitatively assess goodwill for impairment if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. A qualitative assessment considers macroeconomic and other industry-specific factors, such as trends in short-term and long-term interest rates and the ability to access capital, and Company specific factors such as market capitalization in excess of net assets, trends in revenue generating activities, and merger or acquisition activity.
If the Company elects to bypass qualitatively assessing goodwill, or it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, management estimates the fair values of each of the Company’s reporting units (defined as the Company’s businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compares it to their carrying values. The estimated fair values of the reporting units are established using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions about the future operating results and
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
cash flows of each reporting unit, a market approach which compares each reporting unit to comparable companies in their respective industries, as well as a market capitalization analysis.
Intangible assets
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives in a manner that best reflects their economic benefit. All intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.
Low-Income Housing Tax CreditIntangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. The fair values of the intangible assets acquired in the TD Ameritrade and USAA-IMCO acquisitions were determined using the following valuation methods:
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| Acquired intangible asset | | Acquisition | | Method |
| Client relationships | | TD Ameritrade, USAA-IMCO | | Multi-period excess earnings |
| Trade names | | TD Ameritrade | | Relief from royalty |
| Royalty-free license | | USAA-IMCO | | Relief from royalty |
| Brokerage referral agreement | | USAA-IMCO | | With-and-without |
| Existing technology | | TD Ameritrade | | Cost |
The multi-period excess earnings method starts with a forecast of all of the expected future net cash flows associated with the asset and the relief from royalty method starts with a forecast of the royalties saved by the Company because it owns the asset. The with-and-without method quantifies the difference between forecasted cash flows with the asset and without the asset. The forecasts are then adjusted to present value by applying an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the cash flow streams. The cost approach uses replacement cost as an indicator of fair value.
Low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) Investmentsinvestments
We account for investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if the applicable requirements are met. The proportional amortization method amortizes the cost of the investment over the period in which the investor expects to receive tax credits and other tax benefits, and the resulting amortization is recognized as a component of taxes on income. The carrying value of LIHTC investments is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Unfunded commitments related to LIHTC investments are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
GuaranteesLeases
The Company primarily has operating leases for corporate offices, branch locations, and indemnifications
Schwab recognizes,server equipment and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has also elected to not record leases acquired in a business combination on the balance sheet if the remaining term as of the acquisition date is 12 months or less. Right-of-use (ROU) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease liability may include payments that depend on a rate or index (such as the Consumer Price Index), measured using the rate or index at the inceptioncommencement date. Payments that vary because of changes in facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date are considered variable. These payments are not recognized as part of the lease liability and are expensed in the period incurred. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a guarantee,straight-line basis over the lease term. The amortization of finance lease ROU assets and the interest expense on finance lease liabilities are recognized over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. For the majority of our leases (real estate leases), the Company has elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a liability equalsingle lease component. We have not elected the practical expedient for equipment leases and account for lease and non-lease components separately for those classes of leases.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
As the estimated fairrates implicit in our leases are not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee.lease payments. Our lease terms may include periods covered by options to extend when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. The fair values of obligations relatinglease terms may also include periods covered by options to guarantees are estimated based on transactions for similar guarantees or expected present value measures.terminate when it is reasonably certain that we will not exercise that option.
Advertising and market development
Advertising and market development activities include the cost to produce and distribute marketing campaigns as well as client incentives and discounts. SuchWhere it applies to these costs, are generally expensedthe Company’s accounting policy is to expense when incurred.
Income taxes
Schwab provides for income taxes on all transactions that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, deferred tax assets are adjusted to reflect the tax rates at which future taxable amounts will likely be settled or realized. The effects of tax rate changes on future deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, as well as other changes in income tax laws, are recorded in earnings in the period during which such changes are enacted. Uncertain tax positions are evaluated to determine whether they are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. When tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination the difference between positions taken on tax return filings and estimated potential tax settlement outcomes are recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities. If a position is not more likely than not to be sustained, then none of the tax benefit is recognized in Schwab’s financial statements. Accrued interest
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits isare recorded in taxes on income. Schwab records amounts within AOCI net of taxes. Income tax effects are released from AOCI using the specific-identification approach.method.
Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation includes employee and board of director stock options and restricted stock units. Schwab measures compensation expense for these share-based payment arrangements based on their estimated fair values as of the grant date. The fair value of the share-based award is recognized over the vestingservice period as share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense is based on options or units expected to vest and therefore is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Per the Company’s accounting policy election, forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and reviewed annually based on the Company’s historical forfeiture experience. Share-based compensation expense is adjusted in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from estimated forfeitures. Beginning January 1, 2017, theThe excess tax benefits or deficiencies from the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units are recorded in taxes on income.
Earnings per common share
EPS is computed using the two-class method. Preferred stock dividends and undistributed earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining net income available to common stockholders. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Dilutive potential common shares include, if dilutive, the effect of outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted stock units.
Fair values of assets and liabilities
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurement accounting guidance describes the fair value hierarchy for disclosing assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the inputs used to value them. The fair value hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are based on market pricing data obtained from third-party sources independent of the Company. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is generally used to measure fair value whenever available.
Unobservable inputs reflect management’s judgment about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Where inputs used to measure fair value of an asset or liability are from different levels of the hierarchy, the asset or liability is categorized based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Assessing the significance of a particular input requires judgment. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels based on the objectivity of the inputs as follows:
•Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets as of the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
•Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets,
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, new issue data, and collateral performance.
•Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Schwab’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include: certain cash equivalents, certain investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes, AFS securities, and certain other securities owned,assets and AFS securities.accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company uses the market approach to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities. When available, the Company uses quoted
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
prices in active markets to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities. Quoted prices for investments in exchange-traded securities represent end-of-day close prices published by exchanges. Quoted prices for money market funds and other mutual funds represent reported net asset values. When utilizing market data and bid-ask spread, the Company uses the price within the bid-ask spread that best represents fair value. When quoted prices in active markets do not exist, the Company uses prices obtained from independent third-party pricing services to measure the fair value of investment assets. Weassets, and we generally obtain prices from three independent third-party pricing sources for such assets recorded at fair value.
Our primary independent pricing service provides prices for our fixed income investments such as commercial paper; certificates of deposits; U.S. government and agency securities; state and municipal securities; corporate debt securities; asset-backed securities; foreign government agency securities; and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities. Such prices are based on observable trades, broker/dealer quotes, and discounted cash flows that incorporate observable information such as yields for similar types of securities (a benchmark interest rate plus observable spreads) and weighted-average maturity for the same or similar “to-be-issued” securities. We compare the prices obtained from the primary independent pricing service to the prices obtained from the additional independent pricing services to determine if the price obtained from the primary independent pricing service is reasonable. Schwab does not adjust the prices received from independent third-party pricing services unless such prices are inconsistent with the definition of fair value and result in material differences in the amounts recorded.
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include repurchase liabilities related to client-held fractional shares of equities, ETFs, and other securities. See Other securities owned at fair value above in this Note 2 for the treatment of client-held fractional shares. The Company has elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825 Financial Instruments for the repurchase liabilities to match the measurement and accounting of the related client-held fractional shares. The fair values of the repurchase liabilities are based on quoted market prices or other observable market data consistent with the related client-held fractional shares. Unrealized gains and losses on client-held fractional shares offset the unrealized gains and losses on the corresponding repurchase liabilities, resulting in no impact to the consolidated statements of income. The Company’s liabilities to repurchase client-held fractional shares do not have credit risk, and, as a result, the Company has not recognized any gains or losses in the consolidated statements of income or comprehensive income attributable to instrument-specific credit risk for these repurchase liabilities. The repurchase liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
New Accounting Standards
No new accounting standards that are material to the Company were adopted during the year ended December 31, 2021. There are currently no new accounting standards not yet adopted that are material to the Company.
3. Business Acquisitions
TD Ameritrade
On October 6, 2020 Schwab completed its previously announced acquisition of TD Ameritrade for $21.8 billion in stock. As a result of the acquisition, TDA Holding became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSC. TD Ameritrade provides securities brokerage services, including trade execution, clearing services, and margin lending, through its broker-dealer subsidiaries,
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
and futures and foreign exchange trade execution services through its FCM and FDM subsidiary.
New Accounting Standards
In exchange for each share of TD Ameritrade common stock, TD Ameritrade stockholders received 1.0837 shares of CSC common stock, except for TD Bank and its affiliates which received a portion in nonvoting common stock. In connection with the transaction, Schwab issued approximately 586 million common shares to TD Ameritrade stockholders consisting of approximately 509 million shares of common stock and approximately 77 million shares of nonvoting common stock, as described below. Subsequently, TD Bank and its affiliates exchanged common stock for nonvoting common stock and held approximately 79 million shares of nonvoting common stock as of December 31, 2021. For further details on the new class of nonvoting common stock, see Note 19.
Adoption
The fair value of New Accounting Standardsthe purchase price transferred upon completion of the acquisition includes the fair value of CSC common stock and nonvoting common stock that was issued to TD Ameritrade stockholders, as well as the fair value of assumed TD Ameritrade equity awards attributable to pre-combination services.
The purchase price was calculated as follows: |
| | | | | | | |
Standard | Description | Date of Adoption | Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters |
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” and related ASUs | Clarifies that revenue from contracts with clients should be recognized in a manner that depicts the timing of the related transfer of goods or performance of services at an amount that reflects the expected consideration.
Adoption allows either full or modified retrospective transition. Full retrospective transition required a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the earliest comparative period presented. Modified retrospective transition required a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the new guidance. | January 1, 2018 | The guidance does not apply to revenue earned from the Company’s loans and securities. Accordingly, net interest revenue was not impacted. The primary impact for the Company was the capitalization on the consolidated balance sheets of sales commissions paid to employees for obtaining new contracts with clients. These capitalized costs resulted in an asset of $219 million and a related deferred tax liability of $52 million upon adoption. The asset is being amortized to expense over time as the related revenues are recognized.
The Company adopted the revenue recognition guidance using the modified retrospective method for all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Further details of the impact of adoption are included below in this Note as well as in Note 3. |
ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)” and ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)” | Requires: (i) equity investments to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income, unless the equity method is applied or the equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values in which case a practical alternative may be elected; (ii) use of an exit price when measuring the fair | |
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Fair value of financial instrumentsconsideration for disclosures; (iii) separate presentation of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of instrument on the balance sheet or in the accompanying notes.
Adoption requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the year of initial application, except for certain changes that require prospective adoption.TD Ameritrade outstanding common stock | January 1, 2018 | The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis for its equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. No other significant changes resulted from adoption. Therefore, there was no material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
The Company elected to use the alternative to fair value measurement for its equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. These equity securities will be adjusted for impairment and observable price changes of the identical or similar investments of the same issuer, as applicable. Schwab refers to this approach as the adjusted cost method. This method was applied to an immaterial amount of Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) investments included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.$ | 21,664 | |
ASU 2016-18, “StatementFair value of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Restricted Cash a Consensusreplaced TD Ameritrade equity awards attributable to pre-combination services (1) | | 94 | |
| | |
| Purchase price | | $ | 21,758 | |
(1) Share-based awards held by TD Ameritrade employees prior to the acquisition date were assumed by Schwab and converted into share-based awards with respect to CSC common stock, after giving effect to the exchange ratio of 1.0837. Such share-based awards are otherwise subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable immediately before the merger, except for performance-based restricted stock units which were converted into time-based restricted stock units. The portion of the fair value of the share-based awards that relates to services performed by the employees prior to the acquisition date is included in the purchase price.
The Company accounted for the TD Ameritrade acquisition as a business combination under GAAP and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values, except for certain exceptions to the recognition principle of acquisition accounting, such as leases, share-based payments, and income taxes, as of the date of acquisition. Information regarding the acquisition is final and there were no adjustments to the provisional purchase price and fair value estimates presented in the 2020 Form 10-K.
The following table summarizes the purchase price, fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and resulting goodwill as of the October 6, 2020 acquisition date.
| | | | | |
| Purchase price | $ | 21,758 | |
Fair value of the Emerging Issues Task Force”assets acquired: | Requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash |
Cash and cash equivalents including restricted cash and cash equivalents.
Adoption requires retrospective presentation of the statement of cash flows to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending amounts. | January 1, 20183,484 | The Company adopted this guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company has significant amounts of restricted cash and cash equivalents due to its business as a broker-dealer.
As a result of the adoption, changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents included within cash |
Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes in the consolidated balance sheets are now presented with changes in cash | 14,236 | |
| |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 28,009 | |
| |
| Available for sale securities | 1,779 | |
| Acquired intangible assets | 8,880 | |
Equipment, office facilities, and cash equivalents throughout the consolidated statementsproperty | 470 | |
| Other assets | 3,088 | |
| Total assets acquired | 59,946 | |
Fair value of cash flows. The amountliabilities assumed: | |
| |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 37,599 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 6,975 | |
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| Long-term debt | 3,829 | |
| Total liabilities assumed | 48,403 | |
Fair value of restricted cash and cash equivalents is included in a separate table in the consolidated statement of cash flows.net identifiable assets acquired | 11,543 | |
| Goodwill | 10,215 | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The identifiable tangible and intangible assets of $470 million and $8.9 billion, respectively, are subject to depreciation and amortization. The following table summarizes the major classes of tangible and intangible assets and their respective fair values and weighted-average useful lives:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value | | Weighted-Average Useful Life (Years) | | |
| Equipment, office facilities, and property | | | | | | |
Real property (1) | | $ | 226 | | | 37 | | |
Personal property (2) | | 162 | | | 2 | | |
| Construction in progress | | 49 | | | N/A | | |
| Land | | 33 | | | N/A | | |
| Total equipment, office facilities, and property | | $ | 470 | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Acquired intangible assets | | | | | | |
| Client relationships | | $ | 8,700 | | | 20 | | |
| Existing technology | | 165 | | | 2 | | |
| Trade names | | 15 | | | 2 | | |
| Total acquired intangible assets | | $ | 8,880 | | | | | |
(1) Consists primarily of buildings.
(2) Consists primarily of equipment and leasehold improvements.
N/A Not applicable.
Goodwill of $10.2 billion is primarily attributable to the scale, skill sets, operations, and synergies that can be leveraged to enable the combined company to build a stronger enterprise and will not be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill assigned to the Investor Services and Advisor Services segments were $6.4 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively.
The Company’s consolidated statements of income include total net revenues and net income attributable to the TD Ameritrade acquisition of $1.7 billion and $583 million, respectively, for the period October 6, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
In connection with the TD Ameritrade acquisition, the Company incurred various professional fees and other costs such as advisory, legal, and accounting fees. In total, the Company incurred acquisition costs of $56 million and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are primarily included in professional services on the consolidated statements of income.
USAA-IMCO
On May 26, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of the assets of USAA-IMCO for $1.6 billion in cash. Along with the asset purchase agreement, the companies entered into a long-term referral agreement that makes Schwab the exclusive provider of wealth management and investment brokerage services for USAA members. The USAA-IMCO acquisition has added scale to the Company’s operations through the addition of over 1 million brokerage and managed portfolio accounts with approximately $80 billion in client assets at the acquisition date. The transaction also provides Schwab the opportunity to further expand our client base by serving USAA’s members through the long-term referral agreement.
The Company accounted for the USAA-IMCO acquisition as a business combination under GAAP and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the date of acquisition. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we made a $43 million post-closing adjustment to the purchase price resulting in reductions of $9 million and $34 million to our initial estimates of the fair value of the intangible assets acquired and goodwill, respectively. The Company finalized the valuation of assets and liabilities during the three months ended December 31, 2020, resulting in no additional adjustments to the estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition.
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Standard | Description | Date of Adoption | Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters |
ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” | Permits reclassification of the impacts on certain tax affected items included in AOCI that were adjusted through income from continuing operations rather than AOCI upon the effective date of the Tax Act.
Adoption provides for retrospective adoption to all periods presented and impacted by the Tax Act or as of the beginning of the period of adoption. | January 1, 2018 | The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018. The Company elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act from items in AOCI into retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
Adoption resulted in a reduction in AOCI and a corresponding increase in retained earnings of $33 million. |
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
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Standard | Description | Required Date of Adoption | Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters |
ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” | Amends the accounting for leases by lessees and lessors. The primary change from the new guidance is the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Additional changes include accounting for lease origination and executory costs, required lessee reassessments during the lease term due to changes in circumstances, and expanded lease disclosures.
Adoption provides for modified retrospective transition as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements in which the entity first applies the new standard or prospectively with an adjustment as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Certain transition relief is permitted if elected by the entity. | January 1, 2019 | The Company adopted the new lease accounting guidance prospectively as of January 1, 2019, which will result in a gross up of the consolidated balance sheet due to recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities primarily related to CS&Co leases of office space and branches. These amounts will be based on the present value of our remaining operating lease payments. The Company's right of use assets and related lease liabilities upon adoption will be $596 million and $662 million, respectively. |
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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table summarizes the purchase price, fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and resulting goodwill as of the May 26, 2020 acquisition date, adjusted for the post-closing adjustments described above. |
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| Purchase price | $ | 1,581 | |
StandardFair value of assets acquired: | Description | Required Date of Adoption | Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters |
ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit LossesCash segregated and on Financial Instruments”deposit for regulatory purposes | Provides guidance for recognizing impairment of most debt instruments measured at amortized cost, including loans and HTM debt securities. Requires estimating current expected credit losses (CECL) over the remaining life of an instrument or a portfolio of instruments with similar risk characteristics based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts. The initial estimate of, and the subsequent changes in, CECL will be recognized as credit loss expense through current earnings and will be reflected as an allowance for credit losses offsetting the carrying4,392 | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 80 | |
| Acquired intangible assets | 1,109 | |
| Total assets acquired | 5,581 | |
Fair value of the financial instrument(s) on the balance sheet. Amends the OTTI model for AFS debt securities by requiring the use of an allowance, rather than directly reducing the carryingliabilities assumed: | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 4,472 | |
| Total liabilities assumed | 4,472 | |
Fair value of the security, and eliminating consideration of the length of time such security has been in an unrealized loss position as a factor in concluding whether a credit loss exists.
Adoption requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the entity applies the new guidance except that a prospective transition is required for AFS debt securities for which an OTTI has been recognized prior to the effective date.net identifiable assets acquired | January 1, 2020 (early adoption permitted)$ | The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this guidance on its financial statements. The Company has finished the majority of its scoping work and assessment of the current state of data and systems. Work is transitioning to designing and building out approaches to address certain asset classes with a focus primarily on a subset of our securities, including corporate debt securities. The Company expects that a large portion of its securities will have zero expectation of credit losses based on industry and regulator views for U.S. treasury and certain government agency-backed securities. We are currently working on in-depth analysis for the other asset types that do not have zero expectation of credit losses to determine our methods and any needed changes to policies and procedures.1,109 | |
ASU 2017-08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities”Goodwill | Shortens the amortization period for the premium on certain callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments are applicable to any purchased individual debt security with an explicit and noncontingent call feature with a fixed price on a preset date. ASU 2017-08 does not impact the accounting for callable debt securities held at a discount.
Adoption requires modified retrospective transition as of the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings.$ | January 1, 2019 (early adoption permitted)472 | The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. Adoption resulted in an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. |
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The identifiable intangible assets of $1.1 billion are subject to amortization. The following table summarizes the major classes of intangible assets acquired and their respective fair values and weighted-average useful lives:
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| Fair
Value | | Weighted-Average Useful Life (Years) |
| Customer relationships | $ | 962 | | | 18 |
Brokerage referral agreement (1) | 142 | | | 20 |
| Royalty-free license | 5 | | | 7 |
| Total acquired intangible assets | $ | 1,109 | | | |
(1) The brokerage referral agreement has an initial term of 5 years and is automatically renewable for one-year increments thereafter.
Goodwill recorded of $472 million, primarily attributable to the additional scale and anticipated synergies from the USAA-IMCO acquisition, was assigned to the Investor Services segment and is deductible for tax purposes.
The Company’s consolidated statements of income include total net revenues and net loss attributable to the USAA-IMCO acquisition of $235 million and $51 million, respectively, for the period May 26, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company agreed to reimburse USAA for certain contract termination and other fees and severance costs incurred by USAA. These costs totaled $21 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and are included in other expense on the consolidated statements of income. Additionally, the Company incurred various professional fees and other costs related to the USAA-IMCO acquisition, such as advisory, legal, and accounting fees. In total, the Company incurred acquisition costs of $54 million and $14 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are primarily included in professional services, other expense, and compensation and benefits on the consolidated statements of income.
Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)
The following table presents unaudited pro forma financial information as if the TD Ameritrade and USAA-IMCO acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma results reflect after-tax adjustments for acquisition costs, amortization and depreciation of acquired intangible and tangible assets, the impact of the amended IDA agreement which reduced the service fee on client cash deposits held at the TD Depository Institutions to 15 basis points from the 25 basis points paid by TD Ameritrade under its previous IDA agreement, and other immaterial adjustments for the effects of purchase accounting, and do not reflect potential revenue growth or cost savings that may be realized as a result of the acquisitions. Pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes after-tax acquisition costs for both Schwab and the acquirees of $156 million. These costs and after-tax acquisition costs of $40 million incurred in 2019 by Schwab and the acquirees are included in pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2019.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
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Standard | Description | Required DateThe unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only, and is not necessarily indicative of future operations or results had the TD Ameritrade and USAA-IMCO acquisitions been completed as of Adoption | Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters |
ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other–Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)” | Aligns the criteria for capitalizing implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements (CCA) that are service contracts with internal-use software that is developed or purchased and CCAs that include an internal-use software license. This guidance requires that the capitalized implementation costs be recognized over the period of the CCA service contract, subject to impairment evaluation on an ongoing basis.
The guidance prescribes the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flow classification of the capitalized implementation costs and related amortization expense, and requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures.
Adoption provides for retrospective or prospective application to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. | January 1, 2020 (early adoption permitted) | Historically, Schwab has expensed implementation costs as they are incurred for CCAs that are service contracts. Therefore, adopting this guidance will change the Company’s accounting treatment for these types of implementation costs. The Company is evaluating the impacts of this guidance on its financial statements. |
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for2019.
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| | Year Ended
December 31, |
| |
| | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Total net revenues | | $ | 16,617 | | | $ | 16,897 | |
| Net income available to common stockholders | | 4,617 | | | 5,121 | |
4.Revenue Recognition
Disaggregated Revenue
Disaggregation of Schwab’s revenue by major source is as follows:
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| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net interest revenue | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 40 | | | $ | 120 | | | $ | 518 | |
| Cash and investments segregated | 24 | | | 141 | | | 345 | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 2,455 | | | 848 | | | 821 | |
| Available for sale securities | 4,641 | | | 4,537 | | | 1,560 | |
| Held to maturity securities | — | | | — | | | 3,591 | |
| Bank loans | 620 | | | 545 | | | 584 | |
| Securities lending revenue | 720 | | | 334 | | | 147 | |
| Other interest revenue | 6 | | | 6 | | | 14 | |
| Interest revenue | 8,506 | | | 6,531 | | | 7,580 | |
| Bank deposits | (54) | | | (93) | | | (700) | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | (9) | | | (12) | | | (79) | |
| Short-term borrowings | (9) | | | — | | | — | |
| Long-term debt | (384) | | | (289) | | | (258) | |
| Securities lending expense | (24) | | | (33) | | | (38) | |
| Other interest expense | 4 | | | 9 | | | 11 | |
| Interest expense | (476) | | | (418) | | | (1,064) | |
| Net interest revenue | 8,030 | | | 6,113 | | | 6,516 | |
| Asset management and administration fees | | | | | |
| Mutual funds, ETFs, and CTFs | 1,961 | | | 1,770 | | | 1,747 | |
| Advice solutions | 1,993 | | | 1,443 | | | 1,198 | |
| Other | 320 | | | 262 | | | 266 | |
| Asset management and administration fees | 4,274 | | | 3,475 | | | 3,211 | |
| Trading revenue | | | | | |
| Commissions | 2,050 | | | 739 | | | 549 | |
| Order flow revenue | 2,053 | | | 621 | | | 135 | |
| Principal transactions | 49 | | | 56 | | | 68 | |
| Trading revenue | 4,152 | | | 1,416 | | | 752 | |
| Bank deposit account fees | 1,315 | | | 355 | | | — | |
| Other | 749 | | | 332 | | | 242 | |
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| Total net revenues | $ | 18,520 | | | $ | 11,691 | | | $ | 10,721 | |
For a summary of revenue provided by our reportable segments, see Note 24. The recognition of revenue is not impacted by the
adoption of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue – Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and ASU 2018-02, “Other Comprehensive Income – Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” were as follows: |
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| | | Balance at
December 31, 2017 | | Adjustments Due to ASU 2014-09 | | Adjustments Due to ASU 2018-02 | | Balance at
January 1, 2018 |
| Assets | | | | | | | | |
Other assets (1) | | $ | 2,057 |
| | $ | 167 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,224 |
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| Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | |
| Retained earnings | | 14,408 |
| | 167 |
| | 33 |
| | 14,608 |
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| Accumulated other comprehensive income | | (152 | ) | | — |
| | (33 | ) | | (185 | ) |
(1) Adjustmentoperating segment in which revenue is comprised of an increase in capitalized contract costs of $219 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax liabilities of generated. $52 million.
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our consolidated statement of income and consolidated balance sheet were as follows:
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| | | Year Ended December 31, 2018 |
| Statement of Income | | As Reported | | Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09 | | Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower) |
| Expenses Excluding Interest | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | $ | 3,057 |
| | $ | 3,088 |
| | $ | (31 | ) |
| Taxes on income | | 1,055 |
| | 1,047 |
| | 8 |
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| Net Income | | 3,507 |
| | 3,484 |
| | 23 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
5. Receivables from and Payables to Brokerage Clients
Receivables from and payables to brokerage clients are detailed below: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Receivables | | | |
| Margin loans | $ | 87,365 | | | $ | 60,865 | |
| Other brokerage receivables | 3,200 | | | 3,575 | |
Receivables from brokerage clients — net (1) | $ | 90,565 | | | $ | 64,440 | |
| Payables | | | |
| Interest-bearing payables | $ | 107,551 | | | $ | 84,642 | |
| Non-interest-bearing payables | 18,120 | | | 19,559 | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | $ | 125,671 | | | $ | 104,201 | |
(1) The allowance for credit losses for receivables from brokerage clients and related activity were immaterial for all periods presented.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 17% of total CS&Co and TD Ameritrade, Inc. client accounts were located in California.
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| | | As of December 31, 2018 |
| Balance Sheet | | As Reported | | Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09 | | Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower) |
| Assets | | | | | | |
Other assets (1) | | $ | 2,046 |
| | $ | 1,851 |
| | $ | 195 |
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| Liabilities | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (1) | | 2,954 |
| | 2,949 |
| | 5 |
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| Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | |
| Retained earnings | | 17,329 |
| | 17,139 |
| | 190 |
|
(1) Adjustment is comprised of an increase in capitalized contract costs of $250 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax liabilities of
$60 million.
3.Revenue Recognition
Disaggregated Revenue
Disaggregation of Schwab’s revenue by major source is as follows: |
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| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Net interest revenue | | | | | |
| Interest revenue | $ | 6,680 |
| | $ | 4,624 |
| | $ | 3,493 |
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| Interest expense | (857 | ) | | (342 | ) | | (171 | ) |
| Net interest revenue | 5,823 |
| | 4,282 |
| | 3,322 |
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| Asset management and administration fees | | | | | |
| Mutual funds and ETF service fees | 1,793 |
| | 2,045 |
| | 1,853 |
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| Advice solutions | 1,139 |
| | 1,043 |
| | 915 |
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| Other | 297 |
| | 304 |
| | 287 |
|
| Asset management and administration fees | 3,229 |
| | 3,392 |
| | 3,055 |
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| Trading revenue | | | | | |
| Commissions | 685 |
| | 600 |
| | 779 |
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| Principal transactions | 78 |
| | 54 |
| | 46 |
|
| Trading revenue | 763 |
| | 654 |
| | 825 |
|
| Other | 317 |
| | 290 |
| | 276 |
|
| Total net revenues | $ | 10,132 |
| | $ | 8,618 |
| | $ | 7,478 |
|
For a summary of revenue provided by our reportable segments, see Note 22. The recognition of revenue is not impacted by the operating segment in which revenue is generated.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
6. Investment Securities
Net interest revenue
Net interest revenue, which is generated from financial instruments covered by various other areas of GAAP, is not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (ASC 606),The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and is included in the table above in order to reconcile to total net revenues per the consolidated statements of income. Net interest revenue is the difference between interest generated on interest earning assetslosses, and interest paid on funding sources. Our primary interest earning assets include cash and cash equivalents; segregated cash and investments; margin loans, which constitute the majority of receivables from brokerage clients; investment securities; and bank loans. Revenue on interest earning assets is affected by various factors, such as the composition of assets, prevailing interest rates at the time of origination or purchase, changes in interest rates on floating rate securities and loans, and changes in prepayment levels for mortgage related securities and loans. Fees earned and incurred on securities borrowing and lending activities, which are conducted by CS&Co on assets held in client brokerage accounts, are also included in interest revenue and expense.
Asset management and administration fees
The majority of asset management and administration fees are generated through our proprietary and third-party mutual fund and ETF offerings, as well as fee-based advisory solutions. Mutual fund and ETF service fees are charged for investment management, shareholder, and administration services provided to Schwab Funds® and Schwab ETFs™, as well as recordkeeping, shareholder, and administration services provided to third-party funds. Advice solutions fees are charged for brokerage and asset management services provided to advice solutions clients. Both mutual fund and ETF service fees and advice solutions fees are earned and recognized over time. Fees are generally based on a percentagefair value of the daily valueCompany’s AFS investment securities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Amortized
Cost | | Gross Unrealized
Gains | | Gross Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 335,803 | | | $ | 3,141 | | | $ | 4,589 | | | $ | 334,355 | |
| | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | 21,394 | | | 13 | | | 125 | | | 21,282 | |
Asset-backed securities (1) | 17,547 | | | 79 | | | 80 | | | 17,546 | |
Corporate debt securities (2) | 12,310 | | | 143 | | | 109 | | | 12,344 | |
| | | | | | | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,611 | | | 81 | | | 5 | | | 1,687 | |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,170 | | | 20 | | | — | | | 1,190 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 1,000 | | | — | | | 1 | | | 999 | |
| Foreign government agency securities | 425 | | | — | | | — | | | 425 | |
| Commercial paper | 200 | | | — | | | — | | | 200 | |
| Other | 22 | | | 4 | | | — | | | 26 | |
| Total available for sale securities | $ | 391,482 | | | $ | 3,481 | | | $ | 4,909 | | | $ | 390,054 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 283,911 | | | $ | 7,005 | | | $ | 563 | | | $ | 290,353 | |
Asset-backed securities (1) | 18,808 | | | 174 | | | 84 | | | 18,898 | |
Corporate debt securities (2) | 12,408 | | | 388 | | | — | | | 12,796 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | 10,631 | | | 25 | | | — | | | 10,656 | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,544 | | | 153 | | | — | | | 1,697 | |
| Foreign government agency securities | 1,411 | | | 2 | | | — | | | 1,413 | |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,213 | | | 52 | | | — | | | 1,265 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 300 | | | — | | | — | | | 300 | |
| Other | 22 | | | — | | | — | | | 22 | |
| Total available for sale securities | $ | 330,248 | | | $ | 7,799 | | | $ | 647 | | | $ | 337,400 | |
(1) Approximately 58% and 51% of assets under management and are collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Trading revenue
Substantially all trading revenue is generated through commissions earned for executing trades for clients in individual equities, options, fixed incomeasset-backed securities and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs. This revenue is earned and collected when the trades are executed.
Other revenue
Other revenue includes order flow revenue, other service fees, software fees from our portfolio management solutions, exchange processing fees, and nonrecurring gains. Generally, the most significant portion of other revenue is order flow revenue, which is comprised of rebate payments received from execution venues to which CS&Co sends equity and option orders. Order flow revenue is recognized when the trades are executed.
Capitalized contract costs
Capitalized contract costs relate to sales commissions paid to employees for obtaining contracts with clients and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. These costs are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over a period that is consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. At December 31, 2018 and January 1, 2018, we had $250 million and $219 million of capitalized contract costs, respectively. Amortization expense related to capitalized contract costs was $47 million in 2018, which was recorded in compensation and benefits expense on the consolidated statements of income.
Contract balances
Receivables from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 were $307 million at December 31, 2018 and $353 million at January 1, 2018 and were recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Schwab does not have any other significant contract assets or contract liability balancesheld as of December 31, 20182021 and 2020, respectively, were Federal Family Education Loan Program Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables represented approximately 30% and 36% of the asset-backed securities held as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2) As of December 31, 2021 and 2020 approximately 31% and 46%, respectively of the total AFS in corporate debt securities were issued by institutions in the financial services industry.
On January 1, 2018.2019 the Company transferred certain U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $8.8 billion from the HTM category to the AFS category as permitted by ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities” (ASU 2017-12). This transfer resulted in a net of tax increase to AOCI of $19 million.
Unsatisfied performance obligationsIn October 2019, the Federal Reserve issued a final enhanced prudential standards rule, and the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the FDIC jointly issued a final regulatory capital and liquidity rule. With total consolidated assets of $294.0 billion at December 31, 2019, CSC was designated as a Category III firm pursuant to the framework established by the final rules. Accordingly, the Company opted to exclude AOCI from its regulatory capital as permitted by the regulatory capital and liquidity rule beginning January 1, 2020. In accordance with ASC 320 Investment – Debt Securities and as of January 1, 2020, the Company transferred all of its investment securities designated as HTM to the AFS category without tainting our intent to hold other debt securities to maturity. At the date of transfer, these securities had a total amortized cost of $134.7 billion and a total net unrealized gain of $1.4 billion.
We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to an elective practical expedient under ASC 606. The practical expedient applies to and is elected for contracts where we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
4. | Receivables from and Payables to Brokerage Clients
|
Receivables from and payables to brokerage clients are detailed below:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Receivables | | | |
| Margin loans, net of allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 19,273 |
| | $ | 18,331 |
|
| Other brokerage receivables | 2,378 |
| | 2,245 |
|
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | $ | 21,651 |
| | $ | 20,576 |
|
| Payables | | | |
| Interest-bearing payables | $ | 21,990 |
| | $ | 22,840 |
|
| Non-interest-bearing payables | 10,736 |
| | 8,403 |
|
| Payables to brokerage clients | $ | 32,726 |
| | $ | 31,243 |
|
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 22% of CS&Co’s total client accounts were located in California.
A summary of securities owned is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Equity and bond mutual funds | $ | 441 |
| | $ | 318 |
|
| State and municipal debt obligations | 39 |
| | 52 |
|
| Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities | 33 |
| | 34 |
|
Schwab Funds® money market funds | 26 |
| | 135 |
|
| Total other securities owned | $ | 539 |
| | $ | 539 |
|
Equity and bond mutual funds include inventory maintained to facilitate clients’ transactions in certain Schwab Funds and third-party mutual funds, and investments made relating to our deferred compensation plan. State and municipal debt obligations, equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities include securities to meet clients’ trading activities. The positions in Schwab Funds® money market funds arise from certain overnight funding of clients’ redemption, check-writing, and debit card activities.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
6. Investment Securities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS and HTM securities are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Amortized
Cost | | Gross Unrealized
Gains | | Gross Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 25,594 |
| | $ | 44 |
| | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 25,556 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 18,410 |
| | — |
| | 108 |
| | 18,302 |
|
Asset-backed securities (1) | 10,086 |
| | 14 |
| | 15 |
| | 10,085 |
|
Corporate debt securities (2) | 7,477 |
| | 10 |
| | 20 |
| | 7,467 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 3,682 |
| | 4 |
| | 1 |
| | 3,685 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 900 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 898 |
|
Commercial paper (2,3) | 522 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 522 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 49 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 14 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 14 |
|
| Total available for sale securities | $ | 66,735 |
| | $ | 72 |
| | $ | 229 |
| | $ | 66,578 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 118,064 |
| | $ | 217 |
| | $ | 2,188 |
| | $ | 116,093 |
|
Asset-backed securities (1) | 18,502 |
| | 83 |
| | 39 |
| | 18,546 |
|
Corporate debt securities (2) | 4,477 |
| | 2 |
| | 47 |
| | 4,432 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,327 |
| | 24 |
| | 3 |
| | 1,348 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,156 |
| | 3 |
| | 17 |
| | 1,142 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 223 |
| | — |
| | 6 |
| | 217 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 200 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 201 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 49 |
|
| Other | 10 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 10 |
|
| Total held to maturity securities | $ | 144,009 |
| | $ | 330 |
| | $ | 2,301 |
| | $ | 142,038 |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|
| December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 20,915 |
| | $ | 53 |
| | $ | 39 |
| | $ | 20,929 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 9,583 |
| | — |
| | 83 |
| | 9,500 |
|
Asset-backed securities (1) | 9,019 |
| | 34 |
| | 6 |
| | 9,047 |
|
Corporate debt securities (2) | 6,154 |
| | 16 |
| | 1 |
| | 6,169 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 2,040 |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 2,041 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 1,914 |
| | — |
| | 8 |
| | 1,906 |
|
Commercial paper (2) | 313 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 313 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 51 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 50 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 40 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 40 |
|
| Total available for sale securities | $ | 50,029 |
| | $ | 105 |
| | $ | 139 |
| | $ | 49,995 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 101,197 |
| | $ | 290 |
| | $ | 1,034 |
| | $ | 100,453 |
|
Asset-backed securities (1) | 12,937 |
| | 127 |
| | 2 |
| | 13,062 |
|
Corporate debt securities (2) | 4,078 |
| | 13 |
| | 5 |
| | 4,086 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,247 |
| | 57 |
| | — |
| | 1,304 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 994 |
| | 10 |
| | 5 |
| | 999 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 223 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 220 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 200 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 200 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 49 |
|
| Total held to maturity securities | $ | 120,926 |
| | $ | 497 |
| | $ | 1,050 |
| | $ | 120,373 |
|
(1) Approximately 36% and 42% of asset-backed securities held as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were Federal Family Education Loan Program Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables represented approximately 42% and 40% of the asset-backed securities held as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(2) As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 26% and 41%, respectively, of the total AFS and HTM investments in corporate debt securities and commercial paper were issued by institutions in the financial services industry. Approximately 18% and 22% of the holdings of these securities were issued by institutions in the information technology industry as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheet, but excluded from this table is $4.9 billion of AFS commercial paper. These holdings have maturities of three months or less and an aggregate market value equal to amortized cost.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
During 2017,In January 2022, the Company transferred $24.7$108.8 billion of investmentU.S. agency mortgage-backed securities with a total net unrealized loss at the time of transfer of $2.4 billion from the AFS category to the HTM category. These securities had a total net unrealized loss of $227 million before income tax in AOCI on the date of transfer. The transfer was made to mitigate the potential volatility in regulatory capital from changes in market values in the AFS securities portfolio and the related impact to AOCI in anticipation of Schwab crossing $250 billion in consolidated assets, which occurred in the second quarter of 2018. The year after a company surpasses $250 billion in consolidated assets, it can no longer exclude AOCI from regulatory capital. The transfer included U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate debt securities, and U.S. state and municipal securities. The unrealized holding gains and losses on the date of transfer, are reported as a separate component of AOCI and as an adjustment to the purchase premium and discount on the securities transferred. The separate component of AOCI is amortized or accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the securities transferred, offsetting the revised premium or discount amortization or accretion on the transferred assets.
At December 31, 2018, certain2021, our banking subsidiaries had pledged securities with a fair value of $27.2$49.6 billion as collateral to secure borrowing capacity on secured credit facilities with the FHLB (see Note 13). CSBOur banking subsidiaries also pledges certainpledge investment securities as collateral to secure borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window, and had pledged securities with a fair value of $7.9$12.0 billion as collateral for this facility at December 31, 2018. CSB2021. The Company also pledges securities issued by federal agencies to secure certain trust deposits. The fair value of these pledged securities was $906 million$1.3 billion at December 31, 2018.2021.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by category and period of continuous unrealized loss, of AFS investment securities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less than
12 months | | 12 months
or longer | | Total |
| December 31, 2021 | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 186,955 | | | $ | 3,216 | | | $ | 38,007 | | | $ | 1,373 | | | $ | 224,962 | | | $ | 4,589 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | 16,658 | | | 125 | | | 21 | | | — | | | 16,679 | | | 125 | |
| Asset-backed securities | 6,093 | | | 58 | | | 2,708 | | | 22 | | | 8,801 | | | 80 | |
| Corporate debt securities | 4,713 | | | 99 | | | 197 | | | 10 | | | 4,910 | | | 109 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 799 | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | 799 | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 191 | | | 4 | | | 5 | | | 1 | | | 196 | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 215,409 | | | $ | 3,503 | | | $ | 40,938 | | | $ | 1,406 | | | $ | 256,347 | | | $ | 4,909 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 61,706 | | | $ | 551 | | | $ | 4,774 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 66,480 | | | $ | 563 | |
| Asset-backed securities | 1,398 | | | 13 | | | 5,822 | | | 71 | | | 7,220 | | | 84 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 63,104 | | | $ | 564 | | | $ | 10,596 | | | $ | 83 | | | $ | 73,700 | | | $ | 647 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than
12 months | | 12 months
or longer | | Total |
| December 31, 2018 | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value | | Unrealized
Losses |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 9,529 |
| | $ | 32 |
| | $ | 4,257 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 13,786 |
| | $ | 82 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 4,951 |
| | 6 |
| | 7,037 |
| | 102 |
| | 11,988 |
| | 108 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 4,050 |
| | 9 |
| | 837 |
| | 6 |
| | 4,887 |
| | 15 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 3,561 |
| | 19 |
| | 254 |
| | 1 |
| | 3,815 |
| | 20 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 1,217 |
| | 1 |
| | 150 |
| | — |
| | 1,367 |
| | 1 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 195 |
| | — |
| | 304 |
| | 2 |
| | 499 |
| | 2 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | — |
| | — |
| | 49 |
| | 1 |
| | 49 |
| | 1 |
|
| Total | $ | 23,503 |
| | $ | 67 |
| | $ | 12,888 |
| | $ | 162 |
| | $ | 36,391 |
| | $ | 229 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 29,263 |
| | $ | 222 |
| | $ | 56,435 |
| | $ | 1,966 |
| | $ | 85,698 |
| | $ | 2,188 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 6,795 |
| | 35 |
| | 376 |
| | 4 |
| | 7,171 |
| | 39 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 2,909 |
| | 29 |
| | 1,066 |
| | 18 |
| | 3,975 |
| | 47 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 77 |
| | 2 |
| | 18 |
| | 1 |
| | 95 |
| | 3 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 283 |
| | 2 |
| | 632 |
| | 15 |
| | 915 |
| | 17 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | — |
| | — |
| | 218 |
| | 6 |
| | 218 |
| | 6 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | — |
| | — |
| | 49 |
| | 1 |
| | 49 |
| | 1 |
|
| Total | $ | 39,327 |
| | $ | 290 |
| | $ | 58,794 |
| | $ | 2,011 |
| | $ | 98,121 |
| | $ | 2,301 |
|
Total securities with unrealized losses (1) | $ | 62,830 |
| | $ | 357 |
| | $ | 71,682 |
| | $ | 2,173 |
| | $ | 134,512 |
| | $ | 2,530 |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| December 31, 2017 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Available for sale securities | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 5,696 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 2,548 |
| | $ | 18 |
| | $ | 8,244 |
| | $ | 39 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 4,625 |
| | 11 |
| | 4,875 |
| | 72 |
| | 9,500 |
| | 83 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 904 |
| | 3 |
| | 424 |
| | 3 |
| | 1,328 |
| | 6 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 736 |
| | 1 |
| | 120 |
| | — |
| | 856 |
| | 1 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 799 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 799 |
| | 1 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 99 |
| | — |
| | 1,807 |
| | 8 |
| | 1,906 |
| | 8 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 50 |
| | 1 |
|
| Total | $ | 12,909 |
| | $ | 38 |
| | $ | 9,774 |
| | $ | 101 |
| | $ | 22,683 |
| | $ | 139 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 42,102 |
| | $ | 310 |
| | $ | 24,753 |
| | $ | 724 |
| | $ | 66,855 |
| | $ | 1,034 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 1,124 |
| | 2 |
| | 72 |
| | — |
| | 1,196 |
| | 2 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 1,078 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,078 |
| | 5 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 607 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 607 |
| | 5 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 220 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 220 |
| | 3 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 49 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 49 |
| | 1 |
|
| Total | $ | 45,180 |
| | $ | 326 |
| | $ | 24,825 |
| | $ | 724 |
| | $ | 70,005 |
| | $ | 1,050 |
|
Total securities with unrealized losses (2) | $ | 58,089 |
| | $ | 364 |
| | $ | 34,599 |
| | $ | 825 |
| | $ | 92,688 |
| | $ | 1,189 |
|
(1) The number of investment positions with unrealized losses totaled 441 for AFS securities and 1,524 for HTM securities.
(2) The number of investment positions with unrealized losses totaled 251 for AFS securities and 938 for HTM securities.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
At December 31, 2018,2021, substantially all rated securities in the investment portfolios were rated investment grade. U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities do not have explicit credit ratings; however, management considers these to be of the highest credit quality and rating given the guarantee of principal and interest by the U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
Management evaluates whether investmentFor a description of management’s quarterly evaluation of AFS securities are OTTI on a quarterly basis as described in unrealized loss positions see Note 2. AmountsNo amounts were recognized as OTTIcredit loss expense and no securities were written down to fair value through earnings for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. None of the Company’s AFS securities held as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 had an allowance for credit losses. Prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (ASU 2016-13) on January 1, 2020, no amount was recognized as other-than-temporary impairment in earnings or other comprehensive income were immaterial in 2018, 2017,during the year ended December 31, 2019.
The Company had $683 million and 2016. As$634 million of accrued interest receivable as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, for AFS securities. These amounts are excluded from the Company did not hold anyamortized cost basis of AFS securities and included in other assets on which OTTI was previously recognized.the consolidated balance sheets. There were no write-offs of accrued interest receivable on AFS securities during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
In the table below, table, mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities have been allocated to maturity groupings based on final contractual maturities. As borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations underlying our investment securities, actual maturities may differ from the scheduled contractual maturities presented below.
The maturities of AFS and HTMinvestment securities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Within
1 year | | After 1 year through
5 years | | After 5 years through
10 years | | After
10 years | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 3,483 | | | $ | 20,916 | | | $ | 71,705 | | | $ | 238,251 | | | $ | 334,355 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | 4,049 | | | 14,569 | | | 2,664 | | | — | | | 21,282 | |
| Asset-backed securities | — | | | 4,922 | | | 3,003 | | | 9,621 | | | 17,546 | |
| Corporate debt securities | 1,634 | | | 6,443 | | | 4,267 | | | — | | | 12,344 | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 23 | | | 150 | | | 1,010 | | | 504 | | | 1,687 | |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,190 | | | 1,190 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 300 | | | 699 | | | — | | | — | | | 999 | |
| Foreign government agency securities | 101 | | | 324 | | | — | | | — | | | 425 | |
| Commercial paper | 200 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 200 | |
| Other | — | | | — | | | — | | | 26 | | | 26 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Total fair value | $ | 9,790 | | | $ | 48,023 | | | $ | 82,649 | | | $ | 249,592 | | | $ | 390,054 | |
| Total amortized cost | $ | 9,761 | | | $ | 47,336 | | | $ | 82,556 | | | $ | 251,829 | | | $ | 391,482 | |
Weighted-average yield (1) | 1.28 | % | | 1.89 | % | | 1.78 | % | | 1.11 | % | | 1.35 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Within
1 year | | After 1 year through
5 years | | After 5 years through
10 years | | After
10 years | | Total |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 153 |
| | $ | 3,481 |
| | $ | 12,100 |
| | $ | 9,822 |
| | $ | 25,556 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 14,164 |
| | 4,138 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 18,302 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | — |
| | 8,445 |
| | 1,240 |
| | 400 |
| | 10,085 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 1,755 |
| | 5,712 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7,467 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 1,984 |
| | 1,701 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3,685 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 499 |
| | 399 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 898 |
|
| Commercial paper | 522 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 522 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | — |
| | 49 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 49 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 14 |
| | 14 |
|
| Total fair value | $ | 19,077 |
| | $ | 23,925 |
| | $ | 13,340 |
| | $ | 10,236 |
| | $ | 66,578 |
|
| Total amortized cost | $ | 19,111 |
| | $ | 24,010 |
| | $ | 13,382 |
| | $ | 10,232 |
| | $ | 66,735 |
|
Weighted-average yield (1) | 1.80 | % | | 2.71 | % | | 2.61 | % | | 2.70 | % | | 2.43 | % |
| Held to maturity securities | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 256 |
| | $ | 14,960 |
| | $ | 34,008 |
| | $ | 66,869 |
| | $ | 116,093 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | — |
| | 2,106 |
| | 9,144 |
| | 7,296 |
| | 18,546 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 137 |
| | 3,550 |
| | 745 |
| | — |
| | 4,432 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | — |
| | 59 |
| | 309 |
| | 980 |
| | 1,348 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |
| | 356 |
| | — |
| | 786 |
| | 1,142 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | — |
| | — |
| | 217 |
| | — |
| | 217 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | — |
| | 201 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 201 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | — |
| | 49 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 49 |
|
| Other | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| | 10 |
|
| Total fair value | $ | 393 |
| | $ | 21,281 |
| | $ | 44,423 |
| | $ | 75,941 |
| | $ | 142,038 |
|
| Total amortized cost | $ | 395 |
| | $ | 21,446 |
| | $ | 44,925 |
| | $ | 77,243 |
| | $ | 144,009 |
|
Weighted-average yield (1) | 1.97 | % | | 2.56 | % | | 2.69 | % | | 2.63 | % | | 2.63 | % |
(1) The weighted-average yield is computed using the amortized cost at December 31, 2018.2021.
Proceeds and gross realized gains and losses from sales of AFS investment securities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Proceeds | $ | 13,306 | | | $ | 4,801 | | | $ | 24,495 | |
| Gross realized gains | 40 | | | 5 | | | 16 | |
| Gross realized losses | 36 | | | 1 | | | 10 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Proceeds | $ | 115 |
| | $ | 8,617 |
| | $ | 5,537 |
|
| Gross realized gains | — |
| | 12 |
| | 4 |
|
| Gross realized losses | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
7. Bank Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses
| |
7. | Bank Loans and Related Allowance for Loan Losses |
The composition of bank loans and delinquency analysis by loan typeportfolio segment and class of financing receivable is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Current | | 30-59 days
past due | | 60-89 days
past due | | >90 days past due and other
nonaccrual loans (3) | | Total past due and other
nonaccrual loans | | Total
loans | | Allowance for credit
losses | | Total bank
loans – net |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Mortgages (1,2) | $ | 21,022 | | | $ | 41 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 68 | | | $ | 21,090 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 21,077 | |
HELOCs (1,2) | 637 | | | 2 | | | — | | | 9 | | | 11 | | | 648 | | | 2 | | | 646 | |
| Total residential real estate | 21,659 | | | 43 | | | 1 | | | 35 | | | 79 | | | 21,738 | | | 15 | | | 21,723 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 12,698 | | | 3 | | | 8 | | | — | | | 11 | | | 12,709 | | | — | | | 12,709 | |
| Other | 207 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 207 | | | 3 | | | 204 | |
| Total bank loans | $ | 34,564 | | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 35 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 34,654 | | | $ | 18 | | | $ | 34,636 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Mortgages (1,2) | $ | 14,804 | | | $ | 27 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 72 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 14,904 | | | $ | 22 | | | $ | 14,882 | |
HELOCs (1,2) | 823 | | | 1 | | | 1 | | | 17 | | | 19 | | | 842 | | | 5 | | | 837 | |
| Total residential real estate | 15,627 | | | 28 | | | 2 | | | 89 | | | 119 | | | 15,746 | | | 27 | | | 15,719 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 7,901 | | | 10 | | | 5 | | | — | | | 15 | | | 7,916 | | | — | | | 7,916 | |
| Other | 181 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 181 | | | 3 | | | 178 | |
| Total bank loans | $ | 23,709 | | | $ | 38 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 89 | | | $ | 134 | | | $ | 23,843 | | | $ | 30 | | | $ | 23,813 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Current | | 30-59 days
past due | | 60-89 days
past due | | >90 days past
due and other
nonaccrual loans (3) | | Total past due and other
nonaccrual loans | | Total
loans | | Allowance for loan
losses | | Total
bank
loans – net |
First Mortgages (1,2) | $ | 10,349 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 35 |
| | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 10,370 |
|
HELOCs (1,2) | 1,493 |
| | 3 |
| | 1 |
| | 8 |
| | 12 |
| | 1,505 |
| | 5 |
| | 1,500 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 4,558 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 4,561 |
| | — |
| | 4,561 |
|
| Other | 180 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 180 |
| | 2 |
| | 178 |
|
| Total bank loans | $ | 16,580 |
| | $ | 27 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 16,630 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 16,609 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
First Mortgages (1,2) | $ | 9,983 |
| | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 33 |
| | $ | 10,016 |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 10,000 |
|
HELOCs (1,2) | 1,928 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 12 |
| | 15 |
| | 1,943 |
| | 8 |
| | 1,935 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 4,361 |
| | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 8 |
| | 4,369 |
| | — |
| | 4,369 |
|
| Other | 176 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 176 |
| | 2 |
| | 174 |
|
| Total bank loans | $ | 16,448 |
| | $ | 18 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 29 |
| | $ | 56 |
| | $ | 16,504 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 16,478 |
|
(1) First Mortgages and HELOCs include unamortized premiums and discounts and direct origination costs of $73$91 million and $77$72 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively.
(2) At December 31, 20182021 and 2017, 47%2020, 46% and 48%45%, respectively, of the First Mortgage and HELOC portfolios were concentrated in California. These loans have performed in a manner consistent with the portfolio as a whole.
(3) There were no loans accruing interest that were contractually 90 days or more past due at December 31, 20182021 or 2017.2020.
At December 31, 2018,2021, CSB had pledged $11.1 billionthe full balance of First Mortgages and HELOCs aspursuant to a blanket lien status collateral arrangement to secure borrowing capacity on a secured credit facility with the FHLB (see Note 13).
Substantially all of the bank loans were collectively evaluated for impairment at both December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Changes in the allowance for loancredit losses on bank loans were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 |
| First Mortgages | HELOCs | Total residential real estate | Other | Total | First Mortgages | HELOCs | Total residential real estate | Other | Total | First Mortgages | HELOCs | Total residential real estate | Other | Total |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 22 | | $ | 5 | | $ | 27 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 30 | | $ | 11 | | $ | 4 | | $ | 15 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 14 | | $ | 5 | | $ | 19 | | 2 | | $ | 21 | |
| Adoption of ASU 2016-13 | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Charge-offs | — | | — | | — | | (1) | | (1) | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Recoveries | — | | 1 | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | | 2 | | — | | 2 | |
| Provision for credit losses | (9) | | (4) | | (13) | | 1 | | (12) | | 9 | | 1 | | 10 | | — | | 10 | | (4) | | (2) | | (6) | | 1 | | (5) | |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 13 | | $ | 2 | | $ | 15 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 18 | | $ | 22 | | $ | 5 | | $ | 27 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 30 | | $ | 11 | | $ | 4 | | $ | 15 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 18 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 |
| | First Mortgages | | HELOCs | | Other | | Total (1) | | First Mortgages | | HELOCs | | Other | | Total (1) | | First Mortgages | | HELOCs | | Other | Total (1) |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | — |
| $ | 31 |
|
| Charge-offs | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (3 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| (2 | ) |
| Recoveries | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 3 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| 2 |
|
| Provision for loan losses | (3 | ) | | (4 | ) | | 1 |
| | (6 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | (3 | ) | | 1 |
| (5 | ) |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 1 |
| $ | 26 |
|
(1)As discussed in Note 2, PALs are subject to the collateral maintenance practical expedient under ASC 326. All PALs were fully collateralized by securities with fair values in excess of borrowings atas of December 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 2016.2020, respectively. Therefore, no allowance for credit losses for PALs as of those dates was required.
A summaryThe economy continued to strengthen overall in 2021, however, COVID-19 has continued to affect the pace of impairedrecovery. Management’s macroeconomic outlook reflects continued moderate growth in home prices and lower unemployment anticipated over the near term. This macroeconomic outlook, along with the continued strong credit quality metrics in the bank loan-related assets is as follows:loans portfolio, result in a lower modeled projection of loss rates compared to December 31, 2020.
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
Nonaccrual loans (1) | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 28 |
|
Other real estate owned (2) | 3 |
| | 3 |
|
| Total nonperforming assets | 24 |
| | 31 |
|
| Troubled debt restructurings | 4 |
| | 11 |
|
| Total impaired assets | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 42 |
|
(1) Nonaccrual loans include nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings.
(2) Included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
A summary of bank loan-related nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
Nonaccrual loans (1) | $ | 35 | | | $ | 89 | |
Other real estate owned (2) | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Total nonperforming assets | 36 | | | 90 | |
| Troubled debt restructurings | — | | | 1 | |
| Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings | $ | 36 | | | $ | 91 | |
(1) Nonaccrual loans include nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings.
(2) Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Credit Quality
In addition to monitoring delinquency, Schwab monitors the credit quality of First Mortgages and HELOCs by stratifying the portfolios by the following:
•Year of origination;
•Borrower FICO scores at origination (Origination FICO);
•Updated borrower FICO scores (Updated FICO);
•Loan-to-value (LTV) ratios at origination (Origination LTV); and
•Estimated currentCurrent LTV ratios (Estimated Current LTV).
Borrowers’ FICO scores are provided by an independent third-party credit reporting service and generally updated quarterly. The Origination LTV and Estimated Current LTV for a HELOC include any first lien mortgage outstanding on the same property at the time of the HELOC’s origination. The Estimated Current LTV for each loan is updated on a monthly basis by reference to a home price appreciation index.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The credit quality indicators of the bank loan portfolioCompany’s First Mortgages and HELOCs are detailed below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| First Mortgages Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | pre-2017 | Total First Mortgages | Revolving HELOCs amortized cost basis | HELOCs converted to term loans | Total HELOCs |
| Origination FICO | | | | | | | | | | |
| <620 | $ | 1 | | $ | 1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1 | | $ | 3 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| 620 – 679 | 34 | | 25 | | 5 | | 1 | | 6 | | 19 | | 90 | | — | | 2 | | 2 | |
| 680 – 739 | 1,306 | | 524 | | 146 | | 41 | | 98 | | 215 | | 2,330 | | 61 | | 60 | | 121 | |
| ≥740 | 11,649 | | 4,454 | | 1,049 | | 165 | | 354 | | 996 | | 18,667 | | 308 | | 217 | | 525 | |
| Total | $ | 12,990 | | $ | 5,004 | | $ | 1,200 | | $ | 207 | | $ | 458 | | $ | 1,231 | | $ | 21,090 | | $ | 369 | | $ | 279 | | $ | 648 | |
| Origination LTV | | | | | | | | | | |
| ≤70% | $ | 11,234 | | $ | 4,159 | | $ | 948 | | $ | 160 | | $ | 351 | | $ | 909 | | $ | 17,761 | | $ | 305 | | $ | 199 | | $ | 504 | |
| >70% – ≤90% | 1,756 | | 845 | | 252 | | 47 | | 107 | | 319 | | 3,326 | | 64 | | 78 | | 142 | |
| >90% – ≤100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3 | | 3 | | — | | 2 | | 2 | |
| Total | $ | 12,990 | | $ | 5,004 | | $ | 1,200 | | $ | 207 | | $ | 458 | | $ | 1,231 | | $ | 21,090 | | $ | 369 | | $ | 279 | | $ | 648 | |
Weighted Average
Updated FICO | | | | | | | | | | |
| <620 | $ | 5 | | $ | 2 | | $ | 1 | | $ | — | | $ | 2 | | $ | 12 | | $ | 22 | | $ | 2 | | $ | 6 | | $ | 8 | |
| 620 – 679 | 96 | | 69 | | 19 | | 7 | | 8 | | 30 | | 229 | | 6 | | 14 | | 20 | |
| 680 – 739 | 1,265 | | 421 | | 115 | | 24 | | 53 | | 149 | | 2,027 | | 51 | | 39 | | 90 | |
| ≥740 | 11,624 | | 4,512 | | 1,065 | | 176 | | 395 | | 1,040 | | 18,812 | | 310 | | 220 | | 530 | |
| Total | $ | 12,990 | | $ | 5,004 | | $ | 1,200 | | $ | 207 | | $ | 458 | | $ | 1,231 | | $ | 21,090 | | $ | 369 | | $ | 279 | | $ | 648 | |
Estimated Current LTV (1) | | | | | | | | | | |
| ≤70% | $ | 11,707 | | $ | 4,961 | | $ | 1,196 | | $ | 206 | | $ | 455 | | $ | 1,229 | | $ | 19,754 | | $ | 368 | | $ | 277 | | $ | 645 | |
| >70% – ≤90% | 1,283 | | 43 | | 4 | | 1 | | 3 | | 2 | | 1,336 | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | |
| >90% – ≤100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| >100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Total | $ | 12,990 | | $ | 5,004 | | $ | 1,200 | | $ | 207 | | $ | 458 | | $ | 1,231 | | $ | 21,090 | | $ | 369 | | $ | 279 | | $ | 648 | |
Percent of Loans on
Nonaccrual Status | 0.03 | % | 0.10 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.03 | % | 1.40 | % | 0.12 | % | 0.64 | % | 2.33 | % | 1.39 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Balance | | Weighted Average
Updated FICO | | Percent of Loans that are on
Nonaccrual Status |
| First Mortgages | | | | | |
| Estimated Current LTV | | | | | |
<70% | $ | 9,396 |
| | 776 |
| | 0.04 | % |
>70% – <90% | 985 |
| | 769 |
| | 0.41 | % |
>90% – <100% | 2 |
| | 717 |
| | — |
|
| >100% | 1 |
| | 753 |
| | — |
|
| Total | $ | 10,384 |
| | 775 |
| | 0.07 | % |
| HELOCs | | | | | |
Estimated Current LTV (1) | | | | | |
<70% | $ | 1,416 |
| | 770 |
| | 0.13 | % |
>70% – <90% | 80 |
| | 752 |
| | 0.60 | % |
>90% – <100% | 6 |
| | 729 |
| | 3.36 | % |
| >100% | 3 |
| | 702 |
| | — |
|
| Total | $ | 1,505 |
| | 769 |
| | 0.17 | % |
| Pledged asset lines | | | | | |
Weighted Average LTV (1) | | | | | |
|
| =70% | $ | 4,561 |
| | 766 |
| | — |
|
| December 31, 2017 | Balance | | Weighted Average
Updated FICO | | Percent of Loans that are on
Nonaccrual Status |
| First Mortgages | | | | | |
| Estimated Current LTV | | | | | |
<70% | $ | 9,046 |
| | 775 |
| | 0.09 | % |
>70% – <90% | 961 |
| | 769 |
| | 0.46 | % |
>90% – <100% | 5 |
| | 714 |
| | 10.49 | % |
| >100% | 4 |
| | 713 |
| | 6.23 | % |
| Total | $ | 10,016 |
| | 775 |
| | 0.14 | % |
| HELOCs | | | | | |
Estimated Current LTV (1) | | | | | |
<70% | $ | 1,773 |
| | 772 |
| | 0.18 | % |
>70% – <90% | 148 |
| | 755 |
| | 0.84 | % |
>90% – <100% | 14 |
| | 742 |
| | 2.85 | % |
| >100% | 8 |
| | 718 |
| | 4.91 | % |
| Total | $ | 1,943 |
| | 770 |
| | 0.27 | % |
| Pledged asset lines | | | | | |
Weighted Average LTV (1) | | | | | |
|
| =70% | $ | 4,369 |
| | 765 |
| | — |
|
(1) Represents the LTV for the full line of credit (drawn and undrawn). for revolving HELOCs.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| First Mortgages Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | pre-2017 | Total First Mortgages | Revolving HELOCs amortized cost basis | HELOCs converted to term loans | Total HELOCs |
| Origination FICO | | | | | | | | | |
| <620 | $ | 1 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 2 | | $ | 3 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | |
| 620 – 679 | 29 | | 13 | | 3 | | 8 | | 31 | | 84 | | 1 | | 3 | | 4 | |
| 680 – 739 | 794 | | 355 | | 105 | | 181 | | 419 | | 1,854 | | 82 | | 80 | | 162 | |
| ≥740 | 7,150 | | 2,452 | | 449 | | 858 | | 2,054 | | 12,963 | | 380 | | 296 | | 676 | |
| Total | $ | 7,974 | | $ | 2,820 | | $ | 557 | | $ | 1,047 | | $ | 2,506 | | $ | 14,904 | | $ | 463 | | $ | 379 | | $ | 842 | |
| Origination LTV | | | | | | | | | |
| ≤70% | $ | 6,653 | | $ | 2,211 | | $ | 396 | | $ | 793 | | $ | 1,935 | | $ | 11,988 | | $ | 351 | | $ | 269 | | $ | 620 | |
| >70% – ≤90% | 1,321 | | 609 | | 161 | | 254 | | 568 | | 2,913 | | 112 | | 107 | | 219 | |
| >90% – ≤100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3 | | 3 | | — | | 3 | | 3 | |
| Total | $ | 7,974 | | $ | 2,820 | | $ | 557 | | $ | 1,047 | | $ | 2,506 | | $ | 14,904 | | $ | 463 | | $ | 379 | | $ | 842 | |
Weighted Average
Updated FICO | | | | | | | | | |
| <620 | $ | 5 | | $ | 2 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 4 | | $ | 19 | | $ | 31 | | $ | 3 | | $ | 9 | | $ | 12 | |
| 620 – 679 | 67 | | 34 | | 16 | | 21 | | 60 | | 198 | | 12 | | 20 | | 32 | |
| 680 – 739 | 784 | | 252 | | 66 | | 121 | | 281 | | 1,504 | | 58 | | 55 | | 113 | |
| ≥740 | 7,118 | | 2,532 | | 474 | | 901 | | 2,146 | | 13,171 | | 390 | | 295 | | 685 | |
| Total | $ | 7,974 | | $ | 2,820 | | $ | 557 | | $ | 1,047 | | $ | 2,506 | | $ | 14,904 | | $ | 463 | | $ | 379 | | $ | 842 | |
Estimated Current LTV (1) | | | | | | | | | |
| ≤70% | $ | 6,999 | | $ | 2,582 | | $ | 533 | | $ | 1,034 | | $ | 2,490 | | $ | 13,638 | | $ | 452 | | $ | 368 | | $ | 820 | |
| >70% – ≤90% | 975 | | 238 | | 24 | | 13 | | 16 | | 1,266 | | 11 | | 9 | | 20 | |
| >90% – ≤100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 1 | | 1 | |
| >100% | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Total | $ | 7,974 | | $ | 2,820 | | $ | 557 | | $ | 1,047 | | $ | 2,506 | | $ | 14,904 | | $ | 463 | | $ | 379 | | $ | 842 | |
Percent of Loans on
Nonaccrual Status | 0.09 | % | 0.38 | % | 1.02 | % | 0.87 | % | 1.57 | % | 0.48 | % | 1.37 | % | 2.80 | % | 2.02 | % |
(1) Represents the LTV for the full line of credit (drawn and undrawn) for revolving HELOCs. |
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | First Mortgages | | HELOCs |
| Year of origination | | | |
|
| Pre-2014 | $ | 1,979 |
| | $ | 1,051 |
|
| 2014 | 408 |
| | 89 |
|
| 2015 | 1,050 |
| | 106 |
|
| 2016 | 2,606 |
| | 95 |
|
| 2017 | 2,366 |
| | 99 |
|
| 2018 | 1,975 |
| | 65 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 1,505 |
|
| Origination FICO | |
| | |
|
| <620 | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
|
| 620 – 679 | 83 |
| | 8 |
|
| 680 – 739 | 1,626 |
| | 282 |
|
>740 | 8,670 |
| | 1,215 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 1,505 |
|
| Origination LTV | | | |
<70% | $ | 7,815 |
| | $ | 1,064 |
|
>70% – <90% | 2,564 |
| | 434 |
|
>90% – <100% | 5 |
| | 7 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 1,505 |
|
| December 31, 2017 | First Mortgages | | HELOCs |
| Year of origination | | | |
|
| Pre-2014 | $ | 2,804 |
| | $ | 1,496 |
|
| 2014 | 530 |
| | 116 |
|
| 2015 | 1,218 |
| | 128 |
|
| 2016 | 2,886 |
| | 111 |
|
| 2017 | 2,578 |
| | 92 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,016 |
| | $ | 1,943 |
|
| Origination FICO | |
| | |
|
| <620 | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 1 |
|
| 620 – 679 | 89 |
| | 10 |
|
| 680 – 739 | 1,569 |
| | 365 |
|
>740 | 8,352 |
| | 1,567 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,016 |
| | $ | 1,943 |
|
| Origination LTV | |
| | |
|
<70% | $ | 7,569 |
| | $ | 1,360 |
|
>70% – <90% | 2,441 |
| | 574 |
|
>90% – <100% | 6 |
| | 9 |
|
| Total | $ | 10,016 |
| | $ | 1,943 |
|
At December 31, 2018,2021, First Mortgage loans of $9.4$17.0 billion had adjustable interest rates. Substantially all of these mortgages have initial fixed interest rates for three to ten years and interest rates that adjust annually thereafter. Approximately 31%28% of the balance of these mortgages consisted of loans with interest-only payment terms. The interest rates on approximately 64%89% of the balance of these interest-only loans are not scheduled to reset for three or more years. Schwab’s mortgage loans do not include interest terms described as temporary introductory rates below current market rates.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, Schwab had $57 million and $43 million, respectively, of accrued interest on bank loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost basis of bank loans and included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The HELOC product has a 30-year loan term with an initial draw period of ten years from the date of origination. After the initial draw period, the balance outstanding at such time is converted to a 20-year amortizing loan. The interest rate during the initial draw period and the 20-year amortizing period is a floating rate based on the prime rate plus a margin.
The following table presents HELOCs that convertconverted to an amortizing loan may experience higher delinquencies and higher loss rates than thoseloans during each period presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| HELOCs converted to amortizing loans | $ | 19 | | | $ | 26 | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in the initial draw period. The allowance for loan loss methodology takes this increased inherent risk into consideration.Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table presents when current outstanding HELOCs will convert to amortizing loans:
| | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Balance |
| Converted to an amortizing loan by period end | $ | 279 | |
| Within 1 year | 16 | |
| > 1 year – 3 years | 72 | |
| > 3 years – 5 years | 65 | |
| > 5 years | 216 | |
| Total | $ | 648 | |
|
| | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Balance |
| Converted to amortizing loan by period end | $ | 677 |
|
| Within 1 year | 83 |
|
| > 1 year – 3 years | 118 |
|
| > 3 years – 5 years | 173 |
|
| > 5 years | 454 |
|
| Total | $ | 1,505 |
|
At December 31, 2018, $1.2 billion2021, $495 million of the HELOC portfolio was secured by second liens on the associated properties. Second lien mortgage loans typically possess a higher degree of credit risk given the subordination to the first lien holder in the event of default. In addition to the credit monitoring activities described previously, Schwab also monitors credit risk by reviewing the delinquency status of the first lien loan on the associated property. At December 31, 2018,2021, the borrowers on approximately 51%53% of HELOC loan balances outstanding only paid the minimum amount due.
| |
8. | Equipment, Office Facilities, and Property
|
8. Equipment, Office Facilities, and Property
Equipment, office facilities, and property are detailed below:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Software | $ | 2,524 | | | $ | 2,314 | |
| Buildings | 1,640 | | | 1,444 | |
| Information technology and telecommunications equipment | 679 | | | 509 | |
| Leasehold improvements | 462 | | | 455 | |
| Construction in progress | 429 | | | 325 | |
| Land | 208 | | | 208 | |
| Other | 388 | | | 295 | |
| Total equipment, office facilities, and property | 6,330 | | | 5,550 | |
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (2,888) | | | (2,667) | |
| Total equipment, office facilities, and property — net | $ | 3,442 | | | $ | 2,883 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Software | $ | 1,699 |
| | $ | 1,490 |
|
| Buildings | 945 |
| | 810 |
|
| Leasehold improvements | 367 |
| | 357 |
|
| Construction in progress | 248 |
| | 142 |
|
| Furniture and equipment | 219 |
| | 193 |
|
| Information technology equipment | 206 |
| | 326 |
|
| Land | 179 |
| | 167 |
|
| Telecommunications equipment | 69 |
| | 66 |
|
| Total equipment, office facilities, and property | 3,932 |
| | 3,551 |
|
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (2,163 | ) | | (2,080 | ) |
| Total equipment, office facilities, and property — net | $ | 1,769 |
| | $ | 1,471 |
|
Depreciation and amortization expense for equipment, office facilities, and property was $277 million, $232 million, and $197 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
9. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
Acquired intangible assets and goodwill are detailed below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Gross Carrying
Value | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying
Value | | Gross Carrying
Value | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying
Value |
| Client relationships | $ | 10,089 | | | $ | (908) | | | $ | 9,181 | | | $ | 10,089 | | | $ | (386) | | | $ | 9,703 | |
| Technology | 305 | | | (197) | | | 108 | | | 305 | | | (112) | | | 193 | |
| Trade names | 116 | | | (26) | | | 90 | | | 113 | | | (18) | | | 95 | |
| Total acquired intangible assets | $ | 10,510 | | | $ | (1,131) | | | $ | 9,379 | | | $ | 10,507 | | | $ | (516) | | | $ | 9,991 | |
Estimated future annual amortization expense for acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:
| | | | | |
| 2022 | $ | 596 | |
| 2023 | 534 | |
| 2024 | 518 | |
| 2025 | 512 | |
| 2026 | 508 | |
| Thereafter | 6,630 | |
| Total | $ | 9,298 | |
Note: The above schedule excludes indefinite-lived intangible assets of $81 million.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, as allocated to our reportable segments, are presented in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investor
Services | | Advisor
Services | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,096 | | | $ | 131 | | | $ | 1,227 | |
| Goodwill acquired in TD Ameritrade acquisition | 6,380 | | | 3,835 | | | 10,215 | |
| Goodwill acquired in other acquisitions | 494 | | | 16 | | | 510 | |
| | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | 7,970 | | | 3,982 | | | 11,952 | |
| Goodwill acquired and other changes during the period | — | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 7,970 | | | $ | 3,982 | | | $ | 11,952 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Investor
Services | | Advisor
Services | | Total |
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 1,096 |
| | $ | 131 |
| | $ | 1,227 |
|
| Goodwill acquired and other changes during the period | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | 1,096 |
| | 131 |
| | 1,227 |
|
| Goodwill acquired and other changes during the period | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,096 |
| | $ | 131 |
| | $ | 1,227 |
|
See Note 3 for additional information on the Company’s acquisitions.
As of our annual testing date, we performed a qualitativean assessment of each of the Company’s reporting units. Based on the Company’sthis analysis, fair value significantly exceeded the carrying value for all reporting units and we concluded that goodwill was not impaired. There were no indicators that goodwill was impaired after our annual testing date. Schwab did not recognize any goodwill impairment in any of the years presented.
10. Other Assets
The components of other assets are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Interest and dividends receivable | $ | 586 |
| | $ | 413 |
|
Other investments (1) | 428 |
| | 376 |
|
Accounts receivable (2) | 410 |
| | 461 |
|
| Capitalized contract costs, net | 250 |
| | — |
|
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $299 and $270 (3) | 152 |
| | 108 |
|
| Prepaid expenses | 122 |
| | 126 |
|
FHLB stock (4) | 32 |
| | 405 |
|
| Deferred tax asset — net | 3 |
| | 76 |
|
| Other | 63 |
| | 92 |
|
| Total other assets | $ | 2,046 |
| | $ | 2,057 |
|
(1) Predominantly CRA-related, including LIHTC investments.
(2) Accounts receivable predominantly includes receivables from contracts with customers and a receivable from our loan servicer.
(3) Exclusive of indefinite-lived intangible assets of $74 million and $1 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, future amortization over the next five years and thereafter is expected to total $77 million. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $29 million in 2018, and $37 million in both 2017 and 2016.
(4) Investments in stock of the FHLB can only be sold to the issuer at its par value. Any cash dividends received from these investments are recognized as interest revenue in the consolidated statements of income.
| |
11. | Variable Interest Entities |
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, all of Schwab’s involvement with VIEs is through CSB’s CRA-related investments and most of those related to LIHTC investments. As part of CSB’s community reinvestment initiatives, CSB invests in funds that make equity investments in multifamily affordable housing properties. CSB receives tax credits and other tax benefits for these investments.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
10. Other Assets
The components of other assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Other receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | $ | 2,475 | | | $ | 1,748 | |
| Receivables — interest, dividends, and other | 1,615 | | | 1,180 | |
Other securities owned at fair value (1) | 1,584 | | | 687 | |
Other investments (2) | 1,526 | | | 1,019 | |
| Operating lease ROU assets | 842 | | | 937 | |
Customer contract receivables (3) | 637 | | | 579 | |
| Securities borrowed | 582 | | | 873 | |
| Capitalized contract costs | 344 | | | 303 | |
| Other | 713 | | | 457 | |
| Total other assets | $ | 10,318 | | | $ | 7,783 | |
(1) Includes fractional shares held in client brokerage accounts. Corresponding repurchase liabilities in an equal amount for these client-held fractional shares are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. See also Notes 2 and 18.
(2) Includes LIHTC investments and certain other CRA-related investments (see Note 11). This item also includes investments in FHLB stock of $29 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, which are required to be held as a condition of borrowing with the FHLB (see Note 13) and can only be sold to the issuer at its par value. Any cash dividends received from investments in FHLB stock are recognized as interest revenue in the consolidated statements of income. CSB and CSPB are members of the Federal Reserve and as a condition of membership, are required to hold Federal Reserve stock. Other investments also includes investments in FRB stock of $436 million and $191 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3) Represents substantially all receivables from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606. Schwab does not have any other significant contract assets or contract liability balances as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.
Capitalized contract costs
Capitalized contract costs relate to incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including sales commissions paid to employees for obtaining contracts with clients, and are presented in the table above. These costs are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over a period that is consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. Amortization expense related to capitalized contract costs was $69 million, $63 million, and $55 million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, which was recorded in compensation and benefits expense on the consolidated statements of income.
11. Variable Interest Entities
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, all of Schwab’s involvement with variable interest entities (VIEs) is through CSB’s CRA-related investments and most of these are related to LIHTC investments. As part of CSB’s community reinvestment initiatives, CSB invests in funds that make equity investments in multifamily affordable housing properties and receives tax credits and other tax benefits for these investments. During 2021, 2020, and 2019, CSB recorded amortization of $71 million, $56 million, and $39 million, respectively, and recognized tax credits and other tax benefits of $90 million, $69 million, and $47 million, respectively, associated with these investments. The amortization, as well as the tax credits and other tax benefits, are included in taxes on income.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Aggregate assets, liabilities, and maximum exposure to loss
The aggregate assets, liabilities, and maximum exposure to loss from those VIEs in which Schwab holds a variable interest, but is not the primary beneficiary, are summarized in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| Aggregate
assets | | Aggregate
liabilities | | Maximum exposure
to loss | | Aggregate
assets | | Aggregate
liabilities | | Maximum exposure to loss |
LIHTC investments (1) | $ | 915 | | | $ | 530 | | | $ | 915 | | | $ | 649 | | | $ | 344 | | | $ | 649 | |
Other CRA investments (2) | 161 | | | — | | | 211 | | | 118 | | | — | | | 152 | |
| Total | $ | 1,076 | | | $ | 530 | | | $ | 1,126 | | | $ | 767 | | | $ | 344 | | | $ | 801 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2018 | | December 31, 2017 |
| | Aggregate
assets | | Aggregate
liabilities | | Maximum exposure
to loss | | Aggregate
assets | | Aggregate
liabilities | | Maximum exposure to loss |
LIHTC Investments (1) | $ | 338 |
| | $ | 188 |
| | $ | 338 |
| | $ | 304 |
| | $ | 203 |
| | $ | 304 |
|
Other CRA Investments (2) | 70 |
| | — |
| | 124 |
| | 69 |
| | — |
| | 125 |
|
| Total | $ | 408 |
| | $ | 188 |
| | $ | 462 |
| | $ | 373 |
| | $ | 203 |
| | $ | 429 |
|
(1) Aggregate assets and aggregate liabilities are included in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Other CRA investments are recordedaccounted for as loans at amortized cost, equity method investments, AFS securities, or using either the adjusted cost method, equity method, or as HTM securities.method. Aggregate assets are included in HTMAFS securities, bank loans – net, or other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Schwab’s maximum exposure to loss would result from the loss of the investments, including any committed amounts. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Schwab did not provide or intend to provide financial or other support to the VIEs that it was not contractually required to provide. CSB’s funding of these remaining commitments is dependent upon the occurrence of certain conditions, and CSB expects to pay substantially all of these commitments between 2022 and 2025. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, and 2022.Schwab did not provide or intend to provide financial or other support to the VIEs that it was not contractually required to provide.
12. Bank Deposits
Bank deposits consist of interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Interest-bearing deposits: | | | |
| Deposits swept from brokerage accounts | $ | 412,287 | | | $ | 332,513 | |
| Checking | 22,786 | | | 17,785 | |
| Savings and other | 7,234 | | | 6,739 | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 442,307 | | | 357,037 | |
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 1,471 | | | 985 | |
| Total bank deposits | $ | 443,778 | | | $ | 358,022 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Interest-bearing deposits: | | | |
| Deposits swept from brokerage accounts | $ | 212,311 |
| | $ | 148,212 |
|
| Checking | 12,523 |
| | 13,388 |
|
| Savings and other | 5,827 |
| | 7,264 |
|
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 230,661 |
| | 168,864 |
|
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 762 |
| | 792 |
|
| Total bank deposits | $ | 231,423 |
| | $ | 169,656 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
13. Borrowings
CSC Senior Notes
CSC’s Senior Notes are unsecured obligations and rank equally with the other unsecured senior debt.obligations. CSC may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes of each series prior to their maturity, subject to certain restrictions, and the payment of an applicable make-whole premium in certain instances. Interest is payable semi-annually for the fixed-rate Senior Notes and quarterly for the floating-rate Senior Notes. The following table lists long-term debt by instrument outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Date of | Principal Amount Outstanding |
| | Issuance | 2018 | 2017 |
| Fixed-Rate Senior Notes: | | | |
1.500% due March 10, 2018 (1) | 03/10/15 | $ | — |
| $ | 625 |
|
2.200% due July 25, 2018 (2) | 07/25/13 | — |
| 275 |
|
| 4.450% due July 22, 2020 | 07/22/10 | 700 |
| 700 |
|
| 3.250% due May 21, 2021 | 05/22/18 | 600 |
| — |
|
| 3.225% due September 1, 2022 | 08/29/12 | 256 |
| 256 |
|
| 2.650% due January 25, 2023 | 12/07/17 | 800 |
| 800 |
|
| 3.550% due February 1, 2024 | 10/31/18 | 500 |
| — |
|
| 3.000% due March 10, 2025 | 03/10/15 | 375 |
| 375 |
|
| 3.850% due May 21, 2025 | 05/22/18 | 750 |
| — |
|
| 3.450% due February 13, 2026 | 11/13/15 | 350 |
| 350 |
|
| 3.200% due March 2, 2027 | 03/02/17 | 650 |
| 650 |
|
| 3.200% due January 25, 2028 | 12/07/17 | 700 |
| 700 |
|
| 4.000% due February 1, 2029 | 10/31/18 | 600 |
| — |
|
| Floating-rate Senior Notes: | | | |
| Three-month LIBOR + 0.32% due May 21, 2021 | 05/22/18 | 600 |
| — |
|
| Total Senior Notes | | 6,881 |
| 4,731 |
|
5.450% Finance lease obligation (3) | 06/04/04 | 52 |
| 61 |
|
Unamortized discount — net | | (15 | ) | (14 | ) |
| Debt issuance costs | | (40 | ) | (25 | ) |
| Total long-term debt | | $ | 6,878 |
| $ | 4,753 |
|
(1) Redeemed on February 8, 2018.
(2) Redeemed on June 25, 2018.
(3) Schwab has a finance lease obligation related to an office building and land under a 20-year lease. The remaining finance lease obligation is being reduced by a portionTDA Holding’s Senior Notes are unsecured obligations. TDA Holding may redeem some or all of the lease payments overSenior Notes of each series prior to their maturity, subject to certain restrictions, and the remaining lease term through June 30, 2024.payment of an applicable make-whole premium in certain instances. Interest is payable semi-annually for the fixed-rate Senior Notes.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table lists long-term debt by instrument outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Date of | Principal Amount Outstanding |
| Issuance | 2021 | 2020 |
| CSC Fixed-rate Senior Notes: | | | |
| 3.250% due May 21, 2021 | 05/22/18 | $ | — | | $ | 600 | |
| 3.225% due September 1, 2022 | 08/29/12 | 256 | | 256 | |
| 2.650% due January 25, 2023 | 12/07/17 | 800 | | 800 | |
| 3.550% due February 1, 2024 | 10/31/18 | 500 | | 500 | |
| 0.750% due March 18, 2024 | 03/18/21 | 1,500 | | — | |
3.750% due April 1, 2024 (1) | 09/24/21 | 350 | | — | |
| 3.000% due March 10, 2025 | 03/10/15 | 375 | | 375 | |
| 4.200% due March 24, 2025 | 03/24/20 | 600 | | 600 | |
3.625% due April 1, 2025 (1) | 09/24/21 | 418 | | — | |
| 3.850% due May 21, 2025 | 05/22/18 | 750 | | 750 | |
| 3.450% due February 13, 2026 | 11/13/15 | 350 | | 350 | |
| 0.900% due March 11, 2026 | 12/11/20 | 1,250 | | 1,250 | |
| 1.150% due May 13, 2026 | 05/13/21 | 1,000 | | — | |
| 3.200% due March 2, 2027 | 03/02/17 | 650 | | 650 | |
3.300% due April 1, 2027 (1) | 09/24/21 | 744 | | — | |
| 3.200% due January 25, 2028 | 12/07/17 | 700 | | 700 | |
| 2.000% due March 20, 2028 | 03/18/21 | 1,250 | | — | |
| 4.000% due February 1, 2029 | 10/31/18 | 600 | | 600 | |
| 3.250% due May 22, 2029 | 05/22/19 | 600 | | 600 | |
2.750% due October 1, 2029 (1) | 09/24/21 | 475 | | — | |
| 4.625% due March 22, 2030 | 03/24/20 | 500 | | 500 | |
| 1.650% due March 11, 2031 | 12/11/20 | 750 | | 750 | |
| 2.300% due May 13, 2031 | 05/13/21 | 750 | | — | |
| 1.950% due December 1, 2031 | 08/26/21 | 850 | | — | |
| CSC Floating-rate Senior Notes: | | | |
| Three-month LIBOR + 0.32% due May 21, 2021 | 05/22/18 | — | | 600 | |
| SOFR + 0.500% due March 18, 2024 | 03/18/21 | 1,250 | | — | |
| SOFR + 0.520% due May 13, 2026 | 05/13/21 | 500 | | — | |
| Total CSC Senior Notes | | 17,768 | | 9,881 | |
| TDA Holding Fixed-rate Senior Notes: | | | |
| 2.950% due April 1, 2022 | 03/09/15 | 750 | | 750 | |
3.750% due April 1, 2024 (1) | 11/01/18 | 50 | | 400 | |
3.625% due April 1, 2025 (1) | 10/22/14 | 82 | | 500 | |
3.300% due April 1, 2027 (1) | 04/27/17 | 56 | | 800 | |
2.750% due October 1, 2029 (1) | 08/16/19 | 25 | | 500 | |
| TDA Holding Floating-rate Senior Notes: | | | |
| Three-month LIBOR + 0.43% due November 1, 2021 | 11/01/18 | — | | 600 | |
| Total TDA Holding Senior Notes | | 963 | | 3,550 | |
| Finance lease liabilities | | 94 | | 6 | |
| Unamortized premium — net | | 180 | | 249 | |
| Debt issuance costs | | (91) | | (54) | |
| Total long-term debt | | $ | 18,914 | | $ | 13,632 | |
(1) During 2021, we completed an offer to exchange certain senior notes issued by TDA Holding for senior notes issued by CSC. Of the approximately $2.2 billion in aggregate principal amount of TDA Holding’s senior notes offered in the exchange, 90%, or approximately $2.0 billion, were tendered and accepted. The new senior notes issued by CSC have the same interest rates and maturity dates as the TDA Holding senior notes. The $213 million not exchanged remained outstanding across 4 series of senior notes issued by TDA Holding. The debt exchange was treated as a debt modification for accounting purposes.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Annual maturities on all long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2018,2021, are as follows:
| | | | | |
| Maturities |
| 2022 | $ | 1,036 | |
| 2023 | 829 | |
| 2024 | 3,673 | |
| 2025 | 2,237 | |
| 2026 | 3,100 | |
| Thereafter | 7,950 | |
| Total maturities | 18,825 | |
| Unamortized premium — net | 180 | |
| Debt issuance costs | (91) | |
| Total long-term debt | $ | 18,914 | |
|
| | | |
| | Maturities |
| 2019 | $ | 8 |
|
| 2020 | 709 |
|
| 2021 | 1,209 |
|
| 2022 | 266 |
|
| 2023 | 810 |
|
| Thereafter | 3,931 |
|
| Total maturities | 6,933 |
|
| Unamortized discount — net | (15 | ) |
| Debt issuance costs | (40 | ) |
| Total long-term debt | $ | 6,878 |
|
Short-term borrowings: Certain CSC has the ability to issue up to $5.0 billion of commercial paper notes ($1.5 billion at December 31, 2020) with maturities of up to 270 days. CSC had $3.0 billion of commercial paper notes outstanding at December 31, 2021 and none outstanding at December 31, 2020. CSC and CS&Co also have access to uncommitted lines of credit with external banks with total borrowing capacity of $1.5 billion; no amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.
Our banking subsidiaries maintain secured credit facilities with the FHLB. Amounts available under these facilities are dependent on the amount of our First Mortgages, HELOCs, and the fair value of certain of their investment securities that are pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2018,2021 and 2020, the collateral pledged provided a total borrowing capacity of $35.5$63.5 billion and $55.1 billion, respectively, of which no amounts were outstanding.outstanding at the end of either year.
Our banking subsidiaries have access to funding through the Federal Reserve discount window. Amounts available are dependent upon the fair value of certain investment securities that are pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2017, the2021 and 2020, our collateral pledged provided a total borrowing capacity of $32.3$12.0 billion and $7.9 billion, respectively, of which $15.0 billion wasno amounts were outstanding at the end of either year.
Our banking subsidiaries may engage with a 1.53% weighted average fixed interest rate.external banks in repurchase agreements collateralized by investment securities as another source of short-term liquidity. The Company could increase its borrowing capacity by pledging additional securities.
As a condition of the FHLBhad no borrowings we are requiredoutstanding pursuant to hold FHLB stock, with the investment recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The investment in FHLB was $32 million and $405 millionsuch repurchase agreements at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.2021 or 2020.
| |
14. | Commitments and Contingencies
|
Loan Portfolio: CSB provides a co-branded loan origination program for CSB clients (the Program) with Quicken Loans, Inc. (Quicken Loans®). Pursuant to the Program, Quicken Loans originates and services First Mortgages and HELOCs for CSB clients. Under the Program, CSB purchases certain First Mortgages and HELOCs that are originated by Quicken Loans. CSB purchased First Mortgages of $2.1 billion and $2.8 billion during 2018 and 2017, respectively. CSB purchased HELOCs with commitments of $395 million and $461 million during 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company’s commitments to extend credit on bankTDAC maintains secured uncommitted lines of credit, under which TDAC borrows on either a demand or short-term basis and to purchase First Mortgages arepledges client margin securities as follows:collateral. There was $1.9 billion outstanding under the secured uncommitted lines of credit as of December 31, 2021. There were no borrowings outstanding under these secured uncommitted lines of credit as of December 31, 2020. See Note 17 for additional information.
TDAC maintains a senior unsecured committed revolving credit facility with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $600 million, which matures in April 2022. Additionally, at December 31, 2020, TDAC maintained an $850 million unsecured committed revolving credit facility which matured in April 2021 and was not renewed. There were no borrowings outstanding under the TDAC senior revolving facilities as of December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
|
| | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | 2017 |
| Commitments to extend credit related to unused HELOCs, PALs, and other lines of credit | $ | 11,046 |
| $ | 10,060 |
|
| Commitments to purchase First Mortgage loans | 268 |
| 308 |
|
| Total | $ | 11,314 |
| $ | 10,368 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
14. Leases
The following table details the amounts and locations of operating lease assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Lease assets: | Balance Sheet Classification | | | |
| Operating lease ROU assets | Other assets | $ | 842 | | | $ | 937 | |
| Lease liabilities: | | | | |
| Operating lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 932 | | | $ | 1,033 | |
The Company had immaterial sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The components of lease expense are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Lease Cost | | | | | |
Operating lease cost (1) | $ | 220 | | | $ | 166 | | | $ | 137 | |
Variable lease cost (2) | 48 | | | 34 | | | 34 | |
(1) Includes an immaterial amount attributable to short-term leases.
(2) Includes payments that are entirely variable and amounts that represent the difference between payments based on an index or rate that is reflected in the lease liability and what is actually incurred.
The following tables present supplemental operating lease information:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Lease Term and Discount Rate | | | |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 6.63 | | 7.02 |
| Weighted-average discount rate | 2.48 | % | | 2.86 | % |
| | | | | |
| Maturity of Lease Liabilities | Operating Leases (1) |
| 2022 | $ | 191 | |
| 2023 | 185 | |
| 2024 | 149 | |
| 2025 | 128 | |
| 2026 | 103 | |
| Thereafter | 257 | |
| Total lease payments | 1,013 | |
| Less: Interest | 81 | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 932 | |
(1) Operating leases: Schwab has non-cancelable operatinglease payments exclude $40 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases forsigned, but not yet commenced. These leases will commence between 2022 and 2023 with lease terms of five years to 15 years.
The Company had finance lease ROU assets included in equipment, office spacefacilities, and equipment. Asproperty – net of $93 million and finance lease liabilities of $94 million included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, future annual minimum rental2021. Finance leases were immaterial as of December 31, 2020.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Loan Portfolio: CSB provides a co-branded loan origination program for CSB clients (the Program) with Rocket Mortgage, LLC (Rocket Mortgage®), formerly known as Quicken Loans, LLC. Pursuant to the Program, Rocket Mortgage originates and services First Mortgages and HELOCs for CSB clients. Under the Program, CSB purchases certain First Mortgages and HELOCs that are originated by Rocket Mortgage. CSB purchased First Mortgages of $14.0 billion and $8.7 billion during 2021 and 2020, respectively. CSB purchased HELOCs with commitments under these leases, net of contractual subleases$418 million and $458 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company’s commitments to extend credit on bank lines of credit and to purchase First Mortgages are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | 2020 |
| Commitments to extend credit related to unused HELOCs, PALs, and other lines of credit | $ | 6,193 | | $ | 8,141 | |
| Commitments to purchase First Mortgage loans | 1,824 | | 1,917 | |
| Total | $ | 8,017 | | $ | 10,058 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating
Leases | Subleases | Net |
| 2019 | $ | 131 |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | 127 |
|
| 2020 | 125 |
| 4 |
| 121 |
|
| 2021 | 101 |
| 4 |
| 97 |
|
| 2022 | 79 |
| 2 |
| 77 |
|
| 2023 | 72 |
| 1 |
| 71 |
|
| Thereafter | 282 |
| — |
| 282 |
|
| Total | $ | 790 |
| $ | 15 |
| $ | 775 |
|
Certain leases contain provisions for renewal options, purchase options, and rent escalations based on increases in certain costs incurred by the lessor. Rent expense relating to operating leases was $146 million, $136 million, and $123 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Purchase obligations: Schwab has purchase obligations for services such as advertising and marketing, telecommunications, professional services, and hardware- and software-related agreements. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has purchase obligations as follows:
|
| | | |
| 2019 | $ | 475 |
|
| 2020 | 232 |
|
| 2021 | 71 |
|
| 2022 | 32 |
|
| 2023 | 22 |
|
| Thereafter | 170 |
|
| Total | $ | 1,002 |
|
Guarantees and indemnifications: Schwab has clients that sell (i.e., write) listed option contracts that are cleared by the Options Clearing Corporation – a clearing house that establishes margin requirements on these transactions. We partially satisfy the margin requirements by arranging unsecured standby LOCs, in favor of the Options Clearing Corporation, which are issued by several banks. At December 31, 2018,2021, the aggregate face amount of these LOCs totaled $225$15 million. There were no funds drawn under any of these LOCs at December 31, 2018.2021. In connection with its securities lending activities, Schwab is required to provide collateral to certain brokerage clients. The Company satisfies the collateral requirements by providing cash as collateral.
SchwabThe Company also provides guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges under standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing houses and exchanges, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. Schwab’sThe Company’s liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securitiesamounts it has posted as collateral. The Company also engages third-party firms to clear clients’ futures and options on futures transactions and to facilitate clients’ foreign exchange trading, and has agreed to indemnify these firms for losses that they may incur from the client transactions introduced to them by the Company. The potential requirement for the Company to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these guarantees.
IDA agreement: The Company’s IDA agreement with the TD Depository Institutions became effective on October 6, 2020. The IDA agreement creates responsibilities of the Company and certain contingent obligations. Pursuant to the IDA agreement, uninvested cash within eligible brokerage client accounts is swept off-balance sheet to deposit accounts at the TD Depository Institutions. Schwab provides recordkeeping and support services to the TD Depository Institutions with respect to the deposit accounts for which Schwab receives an aggregate monthly fee. Though unlikely, in the event the sweep arrangement fee computation were to result in a negative amount in any given month, Schwab would be required to pay the TD Depository Institutions.
The IDA agreement also provides that, as of July 1, 2021, Schwab has the option to migrate up to $10 billion of IDA balances every 12 months to Schwab’s balance sheet, subject to certain limitations and adjustments. The Company��s ability to migrate these balances to its balance sheet is dependent upon multiple factors including having sufficient capital levels to sustain these incremental deposits and certain binding limitations specified in the IDA agreement, including the requirement that Schwab can only move IDA balances designated as floating-rate obligations. In addition, Schwab also must maintain a minimum $50 billion IDA balance through June 2031, and at least 80% of the IDA balances must be designated as fixed-rate obligations through June 2026.
The total ending IDA balance was $147.2 billion as of December 31, 2021, and $154.1 billion as of December 31, 2020. Were IDA balances to decline below the required IDA balance minimum, Schwab could be required to direct additional sweep cash from its balance sheet to the IDA program. Through December 31, 2021, Schwab had moved $10.1 billion of IDA balances to its balance sheet, which included uninsured balances and certain international account balances. Subsequent to December 31, 2021, the Company moved approximately $10 billion of additional IDA balances to its balance sheet.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Legal contingencies: Schwab is subject to claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, some of which include claims for substantial or unspecified damages. The Company is also the subject of inquiries, investigations, and proceedings by regulatory and other governmental agencies.
Predicting the outcome of a litigation or regulatory matter is inherently difficult, requiring significant judgment and evaluation of various factors, including the procedural status of the matter and any recent developments; prior experience and the experience of others in similar cases; available defenses, including potential opportunities to dispose of a case on the merits or procedural grounds before trial (e.g., motions to dismiss or for summary judgment); the progress of fact discovery; the opinions of counsel and experts regarding potential damages; and potential opportunities for settlement and the status of
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
any settlement discussions. It may not be reasonably possible to estimate a range of potential liability until the matter is closer to resolution – pending, for example, further proceedings, the outcome of key motions or appeals, or discussions among the parties. Numerous issues may have to be developed, such as discovery of important factual matters and determination of threshold legal issues, which may include novel or unsettled questions of law. Reserves are established or adjusted or further disclosure and estimates of potential loss are provided as the matter progresses and more information becomes available.
Schwab believes it has strong defenses in all significant matters currently pending and is contesting liability and any damages claimed. Nevertheless, some of these matters may result in adverse judgments or awards, including penalties, injunctions or other relief, and the Company may also determine to settle a matter because of the uncertainty and risks of litigation. Described below are certain matters in which there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss could be incurred or where the matter may otherwise be of significant interest to stockholders. Unless otherwise noted, the Company is unable to provide a reasonable estimate of any potential liability given the stage of proceedings in the matter. With respect to all other pending matters, based on current information and consultation with counsel, it does not appear reasonably possible that the outcome of any such matter would be material to the financial condition, operating results, or cash flows of the Company.
Schwab Intelligent Portfolios® SEC Investigation: As disclosed on July 1, 2021, the Company has been responding to an enforcement investigation by the SEC arising from a compliance examination and concerning historic disclosures related to the Schwab Intelligent Portfolios digital advisory solution. In connection with a tentative agreement reached with SEC staff to resolve the matter, financial results for 2021 included a liability and related non-deductible charge of approximately $200 million. Completion of any settlement is always contingent on a vote of the Commission. The Company continues to cooperate with SEC staff with the goal of fully resolving the matter.
TD Ameritrade Acquisition Litigation: As disclosed previously, Schwab and TD Ameritrade have been responding to a lawsuit challenging the acquisition which was filed on May 12, 2020 in the Delaware Court of Chancery (Hawkes v. Bettino et al.) on behalf of a proposed class of TD Ameritrade’s stockholders, excluding, among others, TD Bank. The initial complaint named as defendants each member of the TD Ameritrade board of directors at the time the acquisition was approved, as well as TD Bank and Schwab. On June 11, 2020, plaintiff dismissed a claim that had sought to enjoin voting on or consummation of the acquisition. On February 5, 2021, plaintiff filed an amended complaint naming an officer and certain directors of TD Ameritrade at the time the acquisition was approved, as well as TD Bank, certain TD Bank related entities, and Schwab. The amended complaint asserts separate claims for breach of fiduciary duty by the TD Ameritrade officer, certain members of the TD Ameritrade board and TD Bank, and against Schwab for aiding and abetting such breaches, the allegation being that the amendment of the Insured Deposit Account Agreement TD Bank negotiated directly with Schwab allowed TD Bank to divert merger consideration from TD Ameritrade’s minority public stockholders. Plaintiff seeks to recover monetary damages, costs and attorneys’ fees. Schwab and the other defendants consider the allegations to be entirely without merit and on April 29, 2021, filed motions to dismiss the remaining claims in the lawsuit.
Crago Order Routing Litigation: On July 13, 2016, a securities class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of a putative class of customers executing equity orders through CS&Co. The lawsuit names CS&Co and CSC as defendants and alleges that an agreement under which CS&Co routed orders to UBS Securities LLC between July 13, 2011 and December 31, 2014 violated CS&Co’s duty to seek best execution. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, interest, injunctive and equitable relief, and attorneys’ fees and costs. Defendants consider the allegations to be entirely without merit and have been vigorously contesting the lawsuit. After a first amended complaint was dismissed with leave to amend, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint on August 14, 2017. Defendants again moved to dismiss, and in a decision issued December 5, 2017, the court denied the motion. Defendants have answeredPlaintiffs filed a motion for class certification on April 30, 2021, and in a decision on October 27, 2021, the complaint to deny all allegations,court denied the motion and intend to vigorously contest the lawsuit.
Total Bond Market Fund™ Litigation: As disclosed previously, the Company had been responding toheld that certification of a class action lawsuitis inappropriate. Plantiffs sought review of the order denying class certification by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was denied, and on February 3, 2022, plantiffs filed a motion for reconsideration of that denial, which is pending.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Ford Order Routing Litigation: On September 15, 2014, TDA Holding, TD Ameritrade, Inc. and its former CEO, Frederick J. Tomczyk, were sued in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of CaliforniaNebraska on behalf of investors ina putative class of TD Ameritrade, Inc. clients alleging that defendants failed to seek best execution and made misrepresentations and omissions regarding its order routing practices. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and injunctive and other relief. Defendants consider the Schwab Total Bond Market Fund.allegations to be entirely without merit and have been vigorously contesting the lawsuit. On December 13,September 14, 2018, following dismissalthe District Court granted plaintiff’s motion for class certification, and defendants petitioned for an immediate appeal of its fourth amended complaint and unsuccessful appeals to the Ninth CircuitDistrict Court’s class certification decision. On April 23, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals, plaintiff stipulated8th Circuit, issued a decision reversing the District Court’s certification of a class and agreedremanding the case back to dismissalthe District Court for further proceedings. Plaintiffs have renewed their motion for class certification with the District Court, and a motion by defendants to compel the case to arbitration was denied by the District Court as premature.
16. Exit and Other Related Liabilities
As a result of all claims, concluding the case.significant growth seen beginning in late 2020 and early 2021 across key client volume metrics, including the number of active brokerage accounts, clients’ daily average trades, and peak daily trades, the Company determined in 2021 to increase the scope of technology work related to the integration of TD Ameritrade. In 2021, we commenced greater technology build-out to support the expanded volumes of our combined client base. Based on our current integration plans and expanded scope of technology work, the Company continues to expect to complete client conversion within 30 to 36 months from the October 6, 2020 acquisition date.
To achieve our integration objectives, the Company expects to recognize significant additional acquisition and integration-related costs and capital expenditures throughout the integration process. Such acquisition and integration-related costs have included, and are expected to continue to include, professional fees, such as legal, advisory, and accounting fees, compensation and benefits expenses for employees and contractors involved in the integration work, and costs for technology enhancements.
| |
15. | The Company’s acquisition and integration-related spending also includes exit and other related costs, which are primarily comprised of employee compensation and benefits such as severance pay, other termination benefits, and retention costs, as well as costs related to facility closures such as accelerated amortization and depreciation or impairments of assets in those locations. Exit and other related costs are a component of the Company’s overall acquisition and integration-related spending, and support the Company’s ability to achieve integration objectives including expected synergies.
Our estimates of the nature, amounts, and timing of recognition of acquisition and integration-related costs remain subject to change based on a number of factors, including the expected duration and complexity of the integration process and the continued uncertainty of the current economic environment. More specifically, factors that could cause variability in our expected acquisition and integration-related costs include the level of employee attrition, workforce redeployment from eliminated positions into open roles, changes in the levels of client activity, as well as increased real estate-related exit cost variability due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic including changes in remote working trends.
Inclusive of costs recognized through December 31, 2021, Schwab currently expects to incur total exit and other related costs for the integration of TD Ameritrade ranging from $650 million to $1 billion, consisting of employee compensation and benefits, facility exit costs, and certain other costs. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $108 million and $186 million for acquisition-related exit costs, respectively. The Company expects the remaining exit and other related costs will be incurred and charged to expense over the next 21 to 33 months; some costs are expected to be incurred after client conversion. In addition to ASC 420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, certain of the costs associated with these activities are accounted for in accordance with ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment, ASC 712 Compensation – Nonretirement Post Employment Benefits, ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, and ASC 842 Leases.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following is a summary of the activity in the Company’s exit and other related liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Investor Services
Employee Compensation and Benefits | | | | | | Advisor Services
Employee Compensation and Benefits | | | | | | Total | | Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | — | | | | | | | $ | — | | | | | | | $ | — | | | Exit and other related liabilities assumed in business acquisition | 18 | | | | | | | 5 | | | | | | | 23 | | Amounts recognized in expense (1) | 138 | | | | | | | 38 | | | | | | | 176 | | | Costs paid or otherwise settled | (70) | | | | | | | (19) | | | | | | | (89) | | Balance at December 31, 2020 (2) | $ | 86 | | | | | | | $ | 24 | | | | | | | $ | 110 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amounts recognized in expense (1) | 66 | | | | | | | 17 | | | | | | | 83 | | | Costs paid or otherwise settled | (124) | | | | | | | (34) | | | | | | | (158) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance at December 31, 2021 (2) | $ | 28 | | | | | | | $ | 7 | | | | | | | $ | 35 | |
(1) Amounts recognized in expense for severance pay and other termination benefits, as well as retention costs, are primarily included in compensation and benefits on the consolidated statements of income. The year ended December 31, 2021 includes a reduction of the liability resulting from changes in estimates of $9 million and $2 million in Investor Services and Advisor Services, respectively. (2) Included in accrued and expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the exit and other related costs recognized in expense for the year ended December 31, 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Investor Services | Advisor Services | | | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Investor Services Total | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Advisor Services Total | Total | | Compensation and benefits | $ | 66 | | $ | — | | | $ | 66 | | $ | 17 | | $ | — | | | $ | 17 | | $ | 83 | | | Occupancy and equipment | — | | 18 | | | 18 | | — | | 4 | | | 4 | | 22 | | | Professional services | — | | 1 | | | 1 | | — | | — | | | — | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | — | | 2 | | | 2 | | — | | — | | | — | | 2 | | | Total | $ | 66 | | $ | 21 | | | $ | 87 | | $ | 17 | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 21 | | $ | 108 | |
(1) Costs related to facility closures. These costs, which are primarily comprised of accelerated amortization of ROU assets, relate to the impact of abandoning leased and other properties.
The following table summarizes the exit and other related costs recognized in expense for the year ended December 31, 2020: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Investor Services | Advisor Services | | | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Investor Services Total | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Advisor Services Total | Total | | Compensation and benefits | $ | 138 | | $ | — | | | $ | 138 | | $ | 38 | | $ | — | | | $ | 38 | | $ | 176 | | | Occupancy and equipment | — | | 6 | | | 6 | | — | | 1 | | | 1 | | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Depreciation and amortization | — | | 2 | | | 2 | | — | | 1 | | | 1 | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | $ | 138 | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 146 | | $ | 38 | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 40 | | $ | 186 | |
(1) Costs related to facility closures. These costs, which are comprised of accelerated amortization of ROU assets and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, relate to the impact of abandoning leased and other properties.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table summarizes the exit and other related costs incurred from October 6, 2020 through December 31, 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Investor Services | Advisor Services | | | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Investor Services Total | Employee
Compensation
and Benefits | Facility Exit Costs (1) | | Advisor Services Total | Total | | Compensation and benefits | $ | 204 | | $ | — | | | $ | 204 | | $ | 55 | | $ | — | | | $ | 55 | | $ | 259 | | | Occupancy and equipment | — | | 24 | | | 24 | | — | | 5 | | | 5 | | 29 | | | Depreciation and amortization | — | | 2 | | | 2 | | — | | 1 | | | 1 | | 3 | | | Professional services | — | | 1 | | | 1 | | — | | — | | | — | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | — | | 2 | | | 2 | | — | | — | | | — | | 2 | | | Total | $ | 204 | | $ | 29 | | | $ | 233 | | $ | 55 | | $ | 6 | | | $ | 61 | | $ | 294 | |
(1) Costs related to facility closures. These costs, which are primarily comprised of accelerated amortization of ROU assets and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, relate to the impact of abandoning leased and other properties.
17. Financial Instruments Subject to Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk |
Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk
Resale agreements: Schwab enters into collateralized resale agreements principally with other broker-dealers, which could result in losses in the event the counterparty fails to purchase the securities held as collateral for the cash advanced and the fair value of the securities declines. To mitigate this risk, Schwab requires that the counterparty deliver securities to a custodian, to be held as collateral, with a fair value at or in excess of the resale price. Schwab also sets standards for the credit quality of the counterparty, monitors the fair value of the underlying securities as compared to the related receivable, including accrued interest, and requires additional collateral where deemed appropriate. The collateral provided under these resale agreements is utilized to meet obligations under broker-dealer client protection rules, which place limitations on our ability to access such segregated securities. For Schwab to repledge or sell this collateral, itwe would be required to deposit cash and/or securities of an equal amount into itsour segregated reserve bank accounts in order to meet itsour segregated cash and investment requirement. Schwab’s resale agreements areas of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were not subject to master netting arrangements.
Securities lending: Schwab loans brokerage client securities temporarily to other brokers and clearing houses in connection with its securities lending activities and receives cash as collateral for the securities loaned. Increases in security prices may cause the fair value of the securities loaned to exceed the amount of cash received as collateral. In the event the counterparty to these transactions does not return the loaned securities or provide additional cash collateral, we may be exposed to the risk of acquiring the securities at prevailing market prices in order to satisfy our client obligations. Schwab mitigates this risk by requiring credit approvals for counterparties, monitoring the fair value of securities loaned, and requiring additional cash as collateral when necessary. In addition, most of our securities lending transactions are through a program with a clearing organization, which guarantees the return of cash to us. We also borrow securities from other broker-dealers to fulfill short sales by brokerage clients and deliver cash to the lender in exchange for the securities. The fair value of these borrowed securities was $99$566 million and $215$852 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively. All of ourOur securities lending transactions are
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
through a program with a clearing organization, which guarantees the return of cash to us and is subject to enforceable master netting arrangements with other broker-dealers; however, we do not net securities lending transactions. Therefore, the securities loaned and securities borrowed are presented gross in the consolidated balance sheets.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The following table presents information about our resale agreements, and securities lending, and other activity depicting the potential effect of rights of setoff between these recognized assets and recognized liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017.liabilities.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross
Assets/
Liabilities | | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets | | Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets | | Net
Amount |
| | | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets | | | Counterparty
Offsetting | | Collateral | |
| December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale agreements (1) | | Resale agreements (1) | | $ | 13,096 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,096 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (13,096) | | (2) | | $ | — | |
Securities borrowed (3) | | Securities borrowed (3) | | 582 | | | — | | | 582 | | | (383) | | | (195) | | | 4 | |
| Total | | Total | | $ | 13,678 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,678 | | | $ | (383) | | | $ | (13,291) | | | $ | 4 | |
| Liabilities | | Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities loaned (4,5) | | Securities loaned (4,5) | | $ | 7,158 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,158 | | | $ | (383) | | | $ | (6,015) | | | $ | 760 | |
Secured short-term borrowings (6) | | Secured short-term borrowings (6) | | 1,850 | | | — | | | 1,850 | | | — | | | (1,850) | | | — | |
| Total | | Total | | $ | 9,008 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,008 | | | $ | (383) | | | $ | (7,865) | | | $ | 760 | |
| | Gross
Assets/
Liabilities | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets | Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets | Counterparty
Offsetting | Collateral | Net
Amount | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Resale agreements (1) | $ | 7,195 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 7,195 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (7,195 | ) | (2) | $ | — |
| Resale agreements (1) | | $ | 14,904 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,904 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (14,904) | | (2) | | $ | — | |
Securities borrowed (3) | 101 |
| — |
| 101 |
| (98 | ) | (3 | ) | | — |
| Securities borrowed (3) | | 873 | | | — | | | 873 | | | (673) | | | (195) | | | 5 | |
| Total | $ | 7,296 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 7,296 |
| $ | (98 | ) | $ | (7,198 | ) | | $ | — |
| Total | | $ | 15,777 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 15,777 | | | $ | (673) | | | $ | (15,099) | | | $ | 5 | |
| Liabilities | | | | Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securities loaned (4,5) | $ | 1,184 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,184 |
| $ | (98 | ) | $ | (975 | ) | | $ | 111 |
| Securities loaned (4,5) | | $ | 7,549 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,549 | | | $ | (673) | | | $ | (6,049) | | | $ | 827 | |
| Total | $ | 1,184 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,184 |
| $ | (98 | ) | $ | (975 | ) | | $ | 111 |
| Total | | $ | 7,549 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,549 | | | $ | (673) | | | $ | (6,049) | | | $ | 827 | |
| | | | | |
| December 31, 2017 | | | | |
| Assets | | | | |
Resale agreements (1) | $ | 6,596 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 6,596 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (6,596 | ) | (2) | $ | — |
| |
Securities borrowed (3) | 222 |
| — |
| 222 |
| (199 | ) | (22 | ) | | 1 |
| |
| Total | $ | 6,818 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 6,818 |
| $ | (199 | ) | $ | (6,618 | ) | | $ | 1 |
| |
| Liabilities | | | | |
Securities loaned (4,5) | $ | 966 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 966 |
| $ | (199 | ) | $ | (670 | ) | | $ | 97 |
| |
| Total | $ | 966 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 966 |
| $ | (199 | ) | $ | (670 | ) | | $ | 97 |
| |
(1) Included in cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes in the consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Actual collateral was greater than or equal to 102%the value of the related assets. At December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the fair value of collateral received in connection with resale agreements that are available to be repledged or sold was $7.4$13.4 billion and $6.7$15.2 billion, respectively.
(3) Included in receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizationsother assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
(4) Included in payables to brokers, dealers,accrued expenses and clearing organizationsother liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The cash collateral received from counterparties under securities lending transactions was equal to or greater than the market value of the securities loaned at December 31, 20182021 and 2017.2020.
(5) Securities loaned are predominantly comprised of equity securities held in client brokerage accounts with overnight and continuous remaining contractual maturities.
(6) Included in short-term borrowings in the consolidated balance sheets. See below for collateral pledged and Note 13 for additional information.
Client trade settlement: Schwab is obligated to settle transactions with brokers and other financial institutions even if our clients fail to meet their obligations to us. Clients are required to complete their transactions on settlement date, generally two business days after the trade date. If clients do not fulfill their contractual obligations, we may incur losses. We have established procedures to reduce this risk by requiring deposits from clients in excess of amounts prescribed by regulatory requirements for certain types of trades, and therefore the potential to make payments under these client transactions is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these transactions.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Margin lending: Clients with margin loans have agreed to allow Schwab to pledge collateralized securities in their brokerage accounts in accordance with federal regulations. The following table summarizes the fair value of client securities that were available, under such regulations, that could have been used as collateral, andas well as the amountsfair value of securities that we had pledged:pledged to third parties under such regulations and from securities borrowed transactions:
| | | December 31, | 2018 | 2017 | December 31, | 2021 | 2020 |
| Fair value of client securities available to be pledged | $ | 26,628 |
| $ | 25,905 |
| Fair value of client securities available to be pledged | $ | 120,306 | | $ | 84,006 | |
| Fair value of client securities pledged for: | | |
| Fair value of securities pledged for: | | Fair value of securities pledged for: | |
Fulfillment of requirements with the Options Clearing Corporation (1) | 2,315 |
| 2,280 |
| Fulfillment of requirements with the Options Clearing Corporation (1) | $ | 16,829 | | $ | 10,222 | |
| Fulfillment of client short sales | 1,292 |
| 2,011 |
| Fulfillment of client short sales | 5,934 | | 6,274 | |
| Securities lending to other broker-dealers | 974 |
| 784 |
| Securities lending to other broker-dealers | 6,269 | | 6,522 | |
| Total collateral pledged | $ | 4,581 |
| $ | 5,075 |
| |
| Collateral for short-term borrowings | | Collateral for short-term borrowings | 2,390 | | — | |
| Total collateral pledged to third parties | | Total collateral pledged to third parties | $ | 31,422 | | $ | 23,018 | |
Note: Excludes amounts available and pledged for securities lending from fully-paid client securities. The fair value of fully-paid client securities available and pledged was $97$118 million as of December 31, 20182021 and $78$183 million as of December 31, 2017.
| |
(1)
| Client securities pledged to fulfill client margin requirements for open option contracts established with the Options Clearing Corporation.
|
2020.
(1) Securities pledged to fulfill client margin requirements for open option contracts established with the Options Clearing Corporation.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
16.18. Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities
For a description of the fair value hierarchy and Schwab’s fair value methodologies, including the use of independent third-party pricing services, see Note 2. The Company did not adjust prices received from the primary independent third-party pricing service at December 31, 20182021 or 2017.2020.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Liabilities recorded at fair value were not material, and therefore are not included in the following tables:basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Cash equivalents: | | | | |
| Money market funds | $ | 11,719 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 11,719 | |
| | | | |
| Total cash equivalents | 11,719 | | — | | — | | 11,719 | |
| Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes: | | | | |
| Certificates of deposit | — | | 350 | | — | | 350 | |
| U.S. Government securities | — | | 36,349 | | — | | 36,349 | |
| Total investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | — | | 36,699 | | — | | 36,699 | |
| Available for sale securities: | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | — | | 334,355 | | — | | 334,355 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | — | | 21,282 | | — | | 21,282 | |
| Asset-backed securities | — | | 17,546 | | — | | 17,546 | |
| Corporate debt securities | — | | 12,344 | | — | | 12,344 | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | — | | 1,687 | | — | | 1,687 | |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | | 1,190 | | — | | 1,190 | |
| Certificates of deposit | — | | 999 | | — | | 999 | |
| Foreign government agency securities | — | | 425 | | — | | 425 | |
| Commercial paper | — | | 200 | | — | | 200 | |
| Other | — | | 26 | | — | | 26 | |
| Total available for sale securities | — | | 390,054 | | — | | 390,054 | |
| Other assets: | | | | |
| Equity, corporate debt, and other securities | 854 | | 59 | | — | | 913 | |
| Mutual funds and ETFs | 636 | | — | | — | | 636 | |
| State and municipal debt obligations | — | | 32 | | — | | 32 | |
| U.S. Government securities | — | | 3 | | — | | 3 | |
| Total other assets | 1,490 | | 94 | | — | | 1,584 | |
| Total assets | $ | 13,209 | | $ | 426,847 | | $ | — | | $ | 440,056 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 1,354 | | $ | 45 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,399 | |
| Total liabilities | $ | 1,354 | | $ | 45 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,399 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Cash equivalents: | | | | |
| Money market funds | $ | 3,429 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 3,429 |
|
| Commercial paper | — |
| 4,863 |
| — |
| 4,863 |
|
| Total cash equivalents | 3,429 |
| 4,863 |
| — |
| 8,292 |
|
| Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes: | | | | |
| Certificates of deposit | — |
| 1,396 |
| — |
| 1,396 |
|
| U.S. Government securities | — |
| 3,275 |
| — |
| 3,275 |
|
| Total investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | — |
| 4,671 |
| — |
| 4,671 |
|
| Other securities owned: | | | | |
| Equity and bond mutual funds | 441 |
| — |
| — |
| 441 |
|
| State and municipal debt obligations | — |
| 39 |
| — |
| 39 |
|
| Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities | 3 |
| 30 |
| — |
| 33 |
|
Schwab Funds® money market funds | 26 |
| — |
| — |
| 26 |
|
| Total other securities owned | 470 |
| 69 |
| — |
| 539 |
|
| Available for sale securities: | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | — |
| 25,556 |
| — |
| 25,556 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | — |
| 18,302 |
| — |
| 18,302 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | — |
| 10,085 |
| — |
| 10,085 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | — |
| 7,467 |
| — |
| 7,467 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | — |
| 3,685 |
| — |
| 3,685 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | — |
| 898 |
| — |
| 898 |
|
| Commercial paper | — |
| 522 |
| — |
| 522 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | — |
| 49 |
| — |
| 49 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |
| 14 |
| — |
| 14 |
|
| Total available for sale securities | — |
| 66,578 |
| — |
| 66,578 |
|
| Total | $ | 3,899 |
| $ | 76,181 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 80,080 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| | | December 31, 2017 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value | |
| December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2020 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Cash equivalents: | | Cash equivalents: | |
| Money market funds | $ | 2,727 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 2,727 |
| Money market funds | $ | 11,159 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 11,159 | |
| | Total cash equivalents | 2,727 |
| — |
| — |
| 2,727 |
| Total cash equivalents | 11,159 | | — | | — | | 11,159 | |
| Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes: | | Investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes: | |
| Certificates of deposit | — |
| 2,198 |
| — |
| 2,198 |
| Certificates of deposit | — | | 550 | | — | | 550 | |
| U.S. Government securities | — |
| 3,658 |
| — |
| 3,658 |
| U.S. Government securities | — | | 30,698 | | — | | 30,698 | |
| Total investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | — |
| 5,856 |
| — |
| 5,856 |
| Total investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | — | | 31,248 | | — | | 31,248 | |
| Other securities owned: | | |
| Equity and bond mutual funds | 318 |
| — |
| — |
| 318 |
| |
Schwab Funds® money market funds | 135 |
| — |
| — |
| 135 |
| |
| State and municipal debt obligations | — |
| 52 |
| — |
| 52 |
| |
| Equity, U.S. Government and corporate debt, and other securities | 2 |
| 32 |
| — |
| 34 |
| |
| Total other securities owned | 455 |
| 84 |
| — |
| 539 |
| |
| Available for sale securities: | | Available for sale securities: | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | — |
| 20,929 |
| — |
| 20,929 |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | — | | 290,353 | | — | | 290,353 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | — |
| 9,500 |
| — |
| 9,500 |
| |
| Asset-backed securities | — |
| 9,047 |
| — |
| 9,047 |
| Asset-backed securities | — | | 18,898 | | — | | 18,898 | |
| Corporate debt securities | — |
| 6,169 |
| — |
| 6,169 |
| Corporate debt securities | — | | 12,796 | | — | | 12,796 | |
| U.S. Treasury securities | | U.S. Treasury securities | — | | 10,656 | | — | | 10,656 | |
| U.S. state and municipal securities | | U.S. state and municipal securities | — | | 1,697 | | — | | 1,697 | |
| | Foreign government agency securities | | Foreign government agency securities | — | | 1,413 | | — | | 1,413 | |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | | Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | | 1,265 | | — | | 1,265 | |
| Certificates of deposit | — |
| 2,041 |
| — |
| 2,041 |
| Certificates of deposit | — | | 300 | | — | | 300 | |
| U.S. agency notes | — |
| 1,906 |
| — |
| 1,906 |
| |
| Commercial paper | — |
| 313 |
| — |
| 313 |
| |
| Foreign government mortgage-backed securities | — |
| 50 |
| — |
| 50 |
| |
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |
| 40 |
| — |
| 40 |
| |
| Other | | Other | — | | 22 | | — | | 22 | |
| Total available for sale securities | — |
| 49,995 |
| — |
| 49,995 |
| Total available for sale securities | — | | 337,400 | | — | | 337,400 | |
| Other assets: | | Other assets: | |
| Mutual funds and ETFs | | Mutual funds and ETFs | 361 | | — | | — | | 361 | |
| U.S. Government securities | | U.S. Government securities | — | | 253 | | — | | 253 | |
| State and municipal debt obligations | | State and municipal debt obligations | — | | 37 | | — | | 37 | |
| Equity, corporate debt, and other securities | | Equity, corporate debt, and other securities | 7 | | 29 | | — | | 36 | |
| | Total other assets | | Total other assets | 368 | | 319 | | — | | 687 | |
| Total | $ | 3,182 |
| $ | 55,935 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 59,117 |
| Total | $ | 11,527 | | $ | 368,967 | | $ | — | | $ | 380,494 | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for other financial instruments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Carrying
Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51,256 | | $ | 51,256 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 51,256 | |
| Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 17,246 | | 4,151 | | 13,095 | | — | | 17,246 | |
| | | | | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 90,560 | | — | | 90,560 | | — | | 90,560 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bank loans — net: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | 21,077 | | — | | 21,027 | | — | | 21,027 | |
| HELOCs | 646 | | — | | 668 | | — | | 668 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 12,709 | | — | | 12,709 | | — | | 12,709 | |
| Other | 204 | | — | | 204 | | — | | 204 | |
| Total bank loans — net | 34,636 | | — | | 34,608 | | — | | 34,608 | |
| Other assets | 3,561 | | — | | 3,561 | | — | | 3,561 | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 443,778 | | $ | — | | $ | 443,778 | | $ | — | | $ | 443,778 | |
| | | | | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 125,671 | | — | | 125,671 | | — | | 125,671 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 8,327 | | — | | 8,327 | | — | | 8,327 | |
| Short-term borrowings | 4,855 | | — | | 4,855 | | — | | 4,855 | |
| Long-term debt | 18,820 | | — | | 19,383 | | — | | 19,383 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | Carrying
Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 29,189 | | $ | 29,189 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 29,189 | |
| Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 19,143 | | 4,212 | | 14,931 | | — | | 19,143 | |
| | | | | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 64,436 | | — | | 64,436 | | — | | 64,436 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bank loans — net: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | 14,882 | | — | | 15,305 | | — | | 15,305 | |
| HELOCs | 837 | | — | | 838 | | — | | 838 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 7,916 | | — | | 7,916 | | — | | 7,916 | |
| Other | 178 | | — | | 178 | | — | | 178 | |
| Total bank loans — net | 23,813 | | — | | 24,237 | | — | | 24,237 | |
| Other assets | 2,883 | | — | | 2,883 | | — | | 2,883 | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 358,022 | | $ | — | | $ | 358,022 | | $ | — | | $ | 358,022 | |
| | | | | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 104,201 | | — | | 104,201 | | — | | 104,201 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 8,263 | | — | | 8,263 | | — | | 8,263 | |
| | | | | |
| Long-term debt | 13,626 | | — | | 14,829 | | — | | 14,829 | |
| | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Carrying
Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 19,646 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 19,646 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 19,646 |
|
| Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 8,886 |
| — |
| 8,886 |
| — |
| 8,886 |
|
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 553 |
| — |
| 553 |
| — |
| 553 |
|
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 21,641 |
| — |
| 21,641 |
| — |
| 21,641 |
|
| Held to maturity securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 118,064 |
| — |
| 116,093 |
| — |
| 116,093 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 18,502 |
| — |
| 18,546 |
| — |
| 18,546 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 4,477 |
| — |
| 4,432 |
| — |
| 4,432 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,327 |
| — |
| 1,348 |
| — |
| 1,348 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,156 |
| — |
| 1,142 |
| — |
| 1,142 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 223 |
| — |
| 217 |
| — |
| 217 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 200 |
| — |
| 201 |
| — |
| 201 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| — |
| 49 |
| — |
| 49 |
|
| Other | 10 |
| — |
| 10 |
| — |
| 10 |
|
| Total held to maturity securities | 144,009 |
| — |
| 142,038 |
| — |
| 142,038 |
|
| Bank loans — net: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | 10,370 |
| — |
| 10,193 |
| — |
| 10,193 |
|
| HELOCs | 1,500 |
| — |
| 1,583 |
| — |
| 1,583 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 4,561 |
| — |
| 4,561 |
| — |
| 4,561 |
|
| Other | 178 |
| — |
| 178 |
| — |
| 178 |
|
| Total bank loans — net | 16,609 |
| — |
| 16,515 |
| — |
| 16,515 |
|
| Other assets | 460 |
| — |
| 460 |
| — |
| 460 |
|
| Total | $ | 211,804 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 209,739 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 209,739 |
|
| Liabilities | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 231,423 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 231,423 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 231,423 |
|
| Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 1,831 |
| — |
| 1,831 |
| — |
| 1,831 |
|
| Payables to brokerage clients | 32,726 |
| — |
| 32,726 |
| — |
| 32,726 |
|
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1,370 |
| — |
| 1,370 |
| — |
| 1,370 |
|
| Long-term debt | 6,878 |
| — |
| 6,827 |
| — |
| 6,827 |
|
| Total | $ | 274,228 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 274,177 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 274,177 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
19. Stockholders’ Equity
Except in connection with the 2020 acquisition of TD Ameritrade as described below, CSC did not issue shares of common stock through external offerings during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019.
On October 6, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company issued shares of CSC common stock and a new, nonvoting class of CSC common stock. Immediately prior to the acquisition, on October 6, 2020, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to create the nonvoting class of common stock with 300 million shares authorized for issuance and to increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock by the same amount. Each share of nonvoting common stock has identical rights to common stock, including liquidation and dividend rights, except that holders of nonvoting common stock have no voting rights other than over matters that significantly and adversely affect the rights or preferences of the nonvoting common stock, or as required by applicable law. Holders of nonvoting common stock are restricted from transferring shares except for permitted inside or outside transfers, as defined in the certificate of incorporation. Shares of nonvoting stock transferred in a permitted outside transfer are automatically converted to shares of common stock.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, CSC issued approximately 177 million shares of common stock and approximately 77 million shares of nonvoting common stock to TD Bank and its affiliates on October 6, 2020. Those shares of common stock and nonvoting common stock were issued in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. Following this issuance, TD Bank exchanged an aggregate of approximately 2 million shares of CSC common stock for an equal number of shares of CSC nonvoting common stock and held approximately 79 million shares of nonvoting common stock as of December 31, 2021. TD Bank and its affiliates are not permitted to own more than 9.9% of CSC common stock. This limit is interpreted in accordance with the applicable rules of the Federal Reserve and includes shares of CSC common stock deemed to be beneficially owned directly or indirectly by TD Bank and its affiliates.
On June 1, 2021, the Company redeemed all of the 600,000 outstanding shares of its 6.00% non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series C, and the corresponding 24,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of the Series C Preferred Stock. The depositary shares were redeemed at a redemption price of $25 per depositary share for a total of $600 million.
On March 30, 2021, the Company issued and sold 24,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of 4.450% fixed-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series J, $.01 par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent of $25 per Depositary Share). The net proceeds of the offering were $584 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses.
On March 18, 2021, the Company issued and sold 2,250,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of 4.000% fixed-rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series I, $.01 par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent of $1,000 per Depositary Share). The net proceeds of the offering were $2.2 billion, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses.
On December 11, 2020, the Company issued and sold 2,500,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of 4.000% fixed-rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series H, $.01 par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent of $1,000 per Depositary Share). The net proceeds of the offering were approximately $2.47 billion, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses.
On April 30, 2020, the Company issued and sold 2,500,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of 5.375% fixed-rate reset non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series G, $.01 par value per share, with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (equivalent of $1,000 per Depositary Share). The net proceeds of the offering were approximately $2.47 billion, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses.
On January 30, 2019, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $4.0 billion of common stock. The share repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date. There were no repurchases of CSC’s common stock under this authorization during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. During 2019, CSC repurchased 55 million shares of its common stock under this authorization for $2.2 billion.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2017 | Carrying
Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Balance at
Fair Value |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 11,490 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 11,490 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 11,490 |
|
| Cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes | 9,277 |
| — |
| 9,277 |
| — |
| 9,277 |
|
| Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 649 |
| — |
| 649 |
| — |
| 649 |
|
| Receivables from brokerage clients — net | 20,568 |
| — |
| 20,568 |
| — |
| 20,568 |
|
| Held to maturity securities: | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 101,197 |
| — |
| 100,453 |
| — |
| 100,453 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 12,937 |
| — |
| 13,062 |
| — |
| 13,062 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 4,078 |
| — |
| 4,086 |
| — |
| 4,086 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,247 |
| — |
| 1,304 |
| — |
| 1,304 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 994 |
| — |
| 999 |
| — |
| 999 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 223 |
| — |
| 220 |
| — |
| 220 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 200 |
| — |
| 200 |
| — |
| 200 |
|
| Foreign government agency securities | 50 |
| — |
| 49 |
| — |
| 49 |
|
| Total held to maturity securities | 120,926 |
| — |
| 120,373 |
| — |
| 120,373 |
|
| Bank loans — net: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | 10,000 |
| — |
| 9,917 |
| — |
| 9,917 |
|
| HELOCs | 1,935 |
| — |
| 2,025 |
| — |
| 2,025 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 4,369 |
| — |
| 4,369 |
| — |
| 4,369 |
|
| Other | 174 |
| — |
| 174 |
| — |
| 174 |
|
| Total bank loans — net | 16,478 |
| — |
| 16,485 |
| — |
| 16,485 |
|
| Other assets | 781 |
| — |
| 781 |
| — |
| 781 |
|
| Total | $ | 180,169 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 179,623 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 179,623 |
|
| Liabilities | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 169,656 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 169,656 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 169,656 |
|
| Payables to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations | 1,287 |
| — |
| 1,287 |
| — |
| 1,287 |
|
| Payables to brokerage clients | 31,243 |
| — |
| 31,243 |
| — |
| 31,243 |
|
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 1,463 |
| — |
| 1,463 |
| — |
| 1,463 |
|
| Short-term borrowings | 15,000 |
| — |
| 15,000 |
| — |
| 15,000 |
|
| Long-term debt | 4,753 |
| — |
| 4,811 |
| — |
| 4,811 |
|
| Total | $ | 223,402 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 223,460 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 223,460 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
17. Stockholders’ Equity
CSC did not issue any shares of common stock through external offerings during 2018, 2017, or 2016.
On October 25, 2018, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors terminated the existing two share repurchase authorizations and replaced them with a new authorization to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of common stock. CSC repurchased 22 million shares for $1.0 billion in 2018, completing all repurchases under this authorization. There were no repurchases of CSC’s common stock in 2018 prior to the fourth quarter, or in 2017.
CSC was authorized to issue 9,940,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01$.01 par value, at December 31, 20182021 and 2017.2020. The following is a summary of CSC’s non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock outstanding as of such dates:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dividend Rate in Effect at December 31, 2018 | | Date at Which Dividend Rate Becomes Floating | | Floating Annual Rate of Three-month LIBOR plus: |
| | Shares Issued and Outstanding (In thousands) at December 31, | Liquidation Preference Per Share | Carrying Value at December 31, | | Earliest Redemption Date |
| | 2018 (1) | | 2017 (1) | | 2018 | | 2017 | Issue Date |
| Fixed-rate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Series C | 600 |
| | 600 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
| $ | 585 |
| | $ | 585 |
| 08/03/15 | 6.000 | % | 12/01/20 | N/A | | N/A |
|
| Series D | 750 |
| | 750 |
| | 1,000 |
| 728 |
| | 728 |
| 03/07/16 | 5.950 | % | 06/01/21 | N/A | | N/A |
|
| Fixed-to-floating-rate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Series A | 400 |
| | 400 |
| | 1,000 |
| 397 |
| | 397 |
| 01/26/12 | 7.000 | % | 02/01/22 | 02/01/22 | | 4.820 | % |
| Series E | 6 |
| | 6 |
| | 100,000 |
| 591 |
| | 591 |
| 10/31/16 | 4.625 | % | 03/01/22 | 03/01/22 | | 3.315 | % |
| Series F | 5 |
| | 5 |
| | 100,000 |
| 492 |
| | 492 |
| 10/31/17 | 5.000 | % | 12/01/27 | 12/01/27 | | 2.575 | % |
| Total Preferred Stock | 1,761 |
| | 1,761 |
| |
|
| $ | 2,793 |
| | $ | 2,793 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Dividend Rate in Effect at December 31, 2021 | | Date at Which Dividend Rate Resets or Becomes Floating | Reset /
Floating Rate | Margin Over Reset / Floating Rate |
| Shares Issued and Outstanding (in thousands) at December 31, | Liquidation Preference Per Share | Carrying Value at December 31, | | Earliest Redemption Date |
| 2021 (1) | 2020 (1) | 2021 | 2020 | Issue Date |
| Fixed-rate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Series C (2) | — | | 600 | | $ | 1,000 | | $ | — | | $ | 585 | | 08/03/15 | — | | — | | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Series D | 750 | | 750 | | 1,000 | | 728 | | 728 | | 03/07/16 | 5.950 | % | 06/01/21 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Series J | 600 | | — | | 1,000 | | 584 | | — | | 03/30/21 | 4.450 | % | 06/01/26 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Fixed-to-floating-rate/Fixed-rate reset (3): | | | | | | | | |
| Series A | 400 | | 400 | | 1,000 | | 397 | | 397 | | 01/26/12 | 7.000 | % | 02/01/22 | 02/01/22 | 3M LIBOR | 4.820 | % |
| Series E | 6 | | 6 | | 100,000 | | 591 | | 591 | | 10/31/16 | 4.625 | % | 03/01/22 | 03/01/22 | 3M LIBOR | 3.315 | % |
| Series F | 5 | | 5 | | 100,000 | | 492 | | 492 | | 10/31/17 | 5.000 | % | 12/01/27 | 12/01/27 | 3M LIBOR | 2.575 | % |
| Series G | 25 | | 25 | | 100,000 | | 2,470 | | 2,470 | | 04/30/20 | 5.375 | % | 06/01/25 | 06/01/25 | 5-Year Treasury | 4.971 | % |
| Series H | 25 | | 25 | | 100,000 | | 2,470 | | 2,470 | | 12/11/20 | 4.000 | % | 12/01/30 | 12/01/30 | 10-Year Treasury | 3.079 | % |
Series I (4) | 23 | | — | | 100,000 | | 2,222 | | — | | 03/18/21 | 4.000 | % | 06/01/26 | 06/01/26 | 5-Year Treasury | 3.168 | % |
| Total preferred stock | 1,834 | | 1,811 | | | $ | 9,954 | | $ | 7,733 | | | | | | | |
(1) Represented by depositary shares, except for Series A.(2) Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on June 1, 2021.
(3) The dividend rate for Series G resets on each five-year anniversary from the first reset date. The dividend rate for Series H resets on each 10-year anniversary from the first reset date.
(4) The Series I dividend rate resets on each five-year anniversary beginning on June 1, 2026 based on a five-year treasury rate, representing the average of the yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity for five-year maturities. Series I is only redeemable on dividend payment dates on or after the first reset date.
N/A Not applicable.
Dividends declared on the Company’s preferred stock are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Total
Declared
(in millions) | | Per Share
Amount | | Total
Declared
(in millions) | | Per Share
Amount | | Total
Declared
(in millions) | | Per Share
Amount |
| Series A | $ | 28.0 | | | $ | 70.00 | | | $ | 28.0 | | | $ | 70.00 | | | $ | 28.0 | | | $ | 70.00 | |
Series C (1) | 18.0 | | | 30.00 | | | 36.0 | | | 60.00 | | | 36.0 | | | 60.00 | |
| Series D | 44.6 | | | 59.52 | | | 44.6 | | | 59.52 | | | 44.6 | | | 59.52 | |
| Series E | 27.8 | | | 4,625.00 | | | 27.8 | | | 4,625.00 | | | 27.8 | | | 4,625.00 | |
| Series F | 25.0 | | | 5,000.00 | | | 25.0 | | | 5,000.00 | | | 25.0 | | | 5,000.00 | |
Series G (2) | 134.4 | | | 5,375.00 | | | 78.8 | | | 3,150.35 | | | N/A | | N/A |
Series H (3) | 97.2 | | | 3,888.89 | | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
Series I (4) | 63.2 | | | 2,811.11 | | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
Series J (5) | 17.9 | | | 29.80 | | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A |
| Total | $ | 456.1 | | | | | $ | 240.2 | | | | | $ | 161.4 | | | |
(1) Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on June 1, 2021. Prior to redemption, dividends were paid quarterly and the final dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
(2) Series G Preferred Stock was issued on April 30, 2020. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on September 1, 2020.
(3) Series H Preferred Stock was issued on December 11, 2020. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on March 1, 2021.
(4) Series I Preferred Stock was issued on March 18, 2021. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
(5) Series J Preferred Stock was issued on March 30, 2021. Dividends are paid quarterly, and the first dividend was paid on June 1, 2021.
N/A Not applicable.
Dividends on CSC’s preferred stock are not cumulative and will only be paid on a series of preferred stock for a dividend period if declared by CSC’s Board of Directors. Under the terms of each series of preferred stock, CSC’s ability to pay dividends on, make distributions with respect to, or to repurchase, redeem or acquire its common stock or any preferred stock ranking on parity with or junior to the series of preferred stock, is subject to restrictions in the event that CSC does not declare and either pay or set aside a sum sufficient for payment of dividends on the series of preferred stock for the immediately preceding dividend period.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Dividends on fixed-rate preferred stock, as well as Series G, H, and I, are payable quarterly. Dividends on fixed-to-floating-rate preferred stock are payable semiannuallysemi-annually while at a fixed rate and will become payable quarterly after converting to a floating rate. The Series A preferred stock dividend converted to a floating rate on February 1, 2022 and is now payable quarterly.
Redemption Rights
Each series of CSC’s preferred stock, except for Series G, may be redeemed at CSC’s option on any dividend payment date on or after the earliest redemption date for that series. Series G preferred stock may be redeemed at CSC’s option on any reset date on or after the earliest redemption date for the series. All outstanding preferred stock series may also be redeemed following a “capital treatment event,” as described in the terms of each series set forth in the relevant certificate of designations. Any redemption of CSC’s preferred stock is subject to approval from the Federal Reserve.
20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
AOCI represents cumulative gains and losses that are not reflected in earnings. AOCI balances and the components of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
| | | | | |
| Total AOCI |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (252) | |
| |
| Available for sale securities: | |
| |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) excluding transfers to available for sale from held to maturity, net of tax expense (benefit) of $96 | 309 | |
Net unrealized gain on securities transferred to available for sale from held to maturity, net of tax expense (benefit) of $6 (1) | 19 | |
| |
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(1) | (5) | |
| Held to maturity securities: | |
| |
| Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer to held to maturity from available for sale, net of tax expense (benefit) of $9 | 27 | |
| Other, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(4) | (10) | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 88 | |
| |
| Available for sale securities: | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) excluding transfers to available for sale from held to maturity, net of tax expense (benefit) of $1,322 | 4,246 | |
Net unrealized gain on securities transferred to available for sale from held to maturity, net of tax expense (benefit) of $336 (2) | 1,057 | |
| |
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(1) | (3) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2 | 6 | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 5,394 | |
| |
| Available for sale securities: | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss), net of tax expense (benefit) of $(2,029) | (6,492) | |
| |
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(1) | (3) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other, net of tax expense (benefit) of $(3) | (8) | |
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | (1,109) | |
(1) In the first quarter of 2019, the Company made an election to transfer a portion of its HTM securities to AFS as part of the adoption of ASU 2017-12. The transfer resulted in a net of tax increase to AOCI of $19 million. See Note 6 for additional discussion on the 2019 transfer of HTM securities to AFS.
(2) On January 1, 2020, the Company transferred all of its investment securities designated as HTM to the AFS category. The transfer resulted in a net of tax increase to AOCI of $1.1 billion. See Note 6 for additional discussion on the 2020 transfer of HTM securities to AFS.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
18. | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
21. Employee Incentive, Retirement, Deferred Compensation, and Career Achievement Plans
AOCI represents cumulative gains and losses that are not reflected in earnings. The components of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Before
tax | Tax
effect | Net of
tax | | Before
tax | Tax
effect | Net of
tax | | Before
tax | Tax
effect | Net of
tax |
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on available for
sale securities: | |
| |
| | | |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
|
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | $ | (123 | ) | $ | 30 |
| $ | (93 | ) | | $ | 13 |
| $ | (7 | ) | $ | 6 |
| | $ | (44 | ) | $ | 16 |
| $ | (28 | ) |
Reclassification of net unrealized loss on securities transferred to held to maturity (1) | — |
| — |
| — |
| | 227 |
| (85 | ) | 142 |
| | — |
| — |
| — |
|
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue | — |
| — |
| — |
| | (12 | ) | 4 |
| (8 | ) | | (4 | ) | 2 |
| (2 | ) |
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on held to maturity
securities: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reclassification of net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale (1) | — |
| — |
| — |
| | (227 | ) | 85 |
| (142 | ) | | — |
| — |
| — |
|
Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer
from available for sale | 35 |
| (8 | ) | 27 |
| | 31 |
| (11 | ) | 20 |
| | — |
| — |
| — |
|
| Other | (1 | ) | — |
| (1 | ) | | (11 | ) | 4 |
| (7 | ) | | 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
|
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (89 | ) | $ | 22 |
| $ | (67 | ) | | $ | 21 |
| $ | (10 | ) | $ | 11 |
| | $ | (47 | ) | $ | 18 |
| $ | (29 | ) |
(1) See Note 6 for discussion of the transfer of securities from the AFS category to the HTM category during the first quarter of 2017.
AOCI balances are as follows:
|
| | | |
| | Total AOCI |
| Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | (134 | ) |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities | (30 | ) |
| Other changes | 1 |
|
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (163 | ) |
| Available for sale securities: | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | 6 |
|
| Reclassification of net unrealized loss on securities transferred to held to maturity | 142 |
|
| Other reclassifications included in other revenue | (8 | ) |
| Held to maturity securities: | |
| Reclassification of net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale | (142 | ) |
| Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer to held to maturity from available for sale | 20 |
|
| Other | (7 | ) |
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | (152 | ) |
| Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2) | (33 | ) |
| Available for sale securities: | |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | (93 | ) |
| Held to maturity securities: | |
| Amortization of amounts previously recorded upon transfer to held to maturity from available for sale | 27 |
|
| Other | (1 | ) |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (252 | ) |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
19. | Employee Incentive, Retirement, Deferred Compensation, and Career Achievement Plans |
Schwab’s share-based incentive plans provide for granting options and restricted stock units to employees officers, and directors. In addition, we offer retirement and employee stock purchase plans to eligible employees and sponsor deferred compensation plans for eligible officers and non-employee directors.
A summary of share-based compensation expense and related income tax benefit is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Stock option expense | $ | 36 | | | $ | 36 | | | $ | 51 | |
| Restricted stock unit expense | 200 | | | 156 | | | 120 | |
| Employee stock purchase plan expense | 18 | | | 12 | | | 12 | |
| Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 254 | | | $ | 204 | | | $ | 183 | |
Income tax benefit on share-based compensation expense (1) | $ | (60) | | | $ | (49) | | | $ | (44) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Stock option expense | $ | 51 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 45 |
|
Restricted stock unit expense (1) | 136 |
| | 94 |
| | 89 |
|
| Employee stock purchase plan expense | 10 |
| | 9 |
| | 7 |
|
| Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 197 |
| | $ | 153 |
| | $ | 141 |
|
Income tax benefit on share-based compensation expense (2) | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | (57 | ) | | $ | (53 | ) |
(1)Restricted stock unit expense in 2018 includes $36 million related to special stock awards issued to non-officer employees.
(2) Excludes income tax benefits due to the adoptionfrom stock options exercised and restricted stock units vested of ASU 2016-09 of $46$93 million, $14 million, and $87$23 million in 20182021, 2020, and 2017,2019, respectively.
The Company issues shares for stock options and restricted stock units from treasury stock. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company was authorized to grant up to 6858 million common shares under its existing stock incentive plans. Additionally, at December 31, 2018,2021, the Company had 3630 million shares reserved for future issuance under its employee stock purchase plan.
As of December 31, 2018,2021, there was $294$297 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized through 20222025 with a remaining weighted-average service period of 1.80.7 years for stock options, 2.41.9 years for restricted stock units, and 0.30.5 years for performanceperformance-based stock units.
Acquisition of TD Ameritrade:Upon the completion of the TD Ameritrade acquisition on October 6, 2020, TD Ameritrade’s equity awards, whether vested or unvested, were assumed by the Company and converted into equity awards based on CSC common stock taking into account the defined exchange ratio of 1.0837. Otherwise, these share-based awards are subject to the same terms and conditions that were applicable immediately before the merger, except for performance-based restricted stock units which were converted into time-based restricted stock units. The fair value of the stock options assumed by the Company was determined using an option pricing model. The portion of the fair value of the replacement awards related to services provided prior to the acquisition was $94 million and was accounted for as consideration transferred. The remaining portion of the fair value of $73 million is associated with future services and had a remaining weighted-average service period of 1.9 years on the acquisition date. A change in the actual or estimated forfeiture rate from the amount originally or subsequently estimated will result in an adjustment to compensation expense based on the full acquisition-date fair value of awards not expected to vest, regardless of whether those awards were treated as consideration transferred or stock-based compensation for future services.
Stock Option Plan
Options are granted for the purchase of shares of common stock at an exercise price not less than market value on the date of grant, and expire ten years from the date of grant. Options generally vest annually over a one-one- to four-year period from the date of grant.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Stock option activity is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Number
of Options
(In millions) | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price
per Share | | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual
Life (in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic
Value |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 24 | | | $ | 33.67 | | | 5.36 | | $ | 452 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Granted | 2 | | | 64.49 | | | | | |
| Exercised | (9) | | | 27.80 | | | | | |
Forfeited (1) | — | | | 45.99 | | | | | |
Expired (1) | — | | | 35.00 | | | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 17 | | | $ | 39.11 | | | 5.38 | | $ | 782 | |
| Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2021 | 17 | | | $ | 39.09 | | | 5.38 | | $ | 782 | |
| Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2021 | 13 | | | $ | 34.93 | | | 4.54 | | $ | 650 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number
of Options
(In millions) | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price
per Share | | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual
Life (in years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic
Value |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 32 |
| | $ | 26.16 |
| | 6.38 | | $ | 814 |
|
| Granted | 4 |
| | 47.98 |
| | | | |
| Exercised | (6 | ) | | 21.65 |
| | | | |
Forfeited (1) | — |
| | 36.05 |
| | | | |
Expired (1) | — |
| | 19.05 |
| | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 30 |
| | $ | 30.19 |
| | 6.27 | | $ | 373 |
|
| Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 | 30 |
| | $ | 30.05 |
| | 6.24 | | $ | 373 |
|
| Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018 | 19 |
| | $ | 23.70 |
| | 4.86 | | $ | 331 |
|
(1) Number of options werewas less than 500 thousand.
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between CSC’s closing stock price and the exercise price of each in-the-money option on the last trading day of the period presented.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Information on stock options granted and exercised is presented below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Weighted-average fair value of options granted per share | $ | 19.51 | | | $ | 11.56 | | | $ | 11.97 | |
| Cash received from options exercised | 221 | | | 79 | | | 118 | |
| Tax benefit realized on options exercised | 61 | | | 11 | | | 17 | |
| Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised | 322 | | | 71 | | | 108 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Weighted-average fair value of options granted per share | $ | 14.16 |
| | $ | 13.04 |
| | $ | 8.73 |
|
| Cash received from options exercised | 125 |
| | 171 |
| | 144 |
|
| Tax benefit realized on options exercised | 35 |
| | 70 |
| | 38 |
|
| Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised | 189 |
| | 241 |
| | 149 |
|
We use an option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted. The model takes into account the contractual term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and the risk-free interest rate. Expected volatility is based on the implied volatility of publicly-traded options on CSC’s stock. Dividend yield is based on the average historical CSC dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term similar to the contractual term of the option. We use historical option exercise data, which includes employee termination data, to estimate the probability of future option exercises. The assumptions used to value the options granted during the years presented and their expected lives were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Weighted-average expected dividend yield | 1.36 | % | | 2.08 | % | | 1.85 | % |
| Weighted-average expected volatility | 37 | % | | 36 | % | | 30 | % |
| Weighted-average risk-free interest rate | 0.8 | % | | 1.0 | % | | 2.5 | % |
| Expected life (in years) | 4.2 - 5.4 | | 4.3 - 5.9 | | 4.2 - 5.9 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Weighted-average expected dividend yield | 1.42 | % | | 1.06 | % | | 1.22 | % |
| Weighted-average expected volatility | 33 | % | | 34 | % | | 30 | % |
| Weighted-average risk-free interest rate | 3.0 | % | | 2.1 | % | | 1.8 | % |
| Expected life (in years) | 4.0 - 5.2 |
| | 4.1 - 5.3 |
| | 4.7 - 7.3 |
|
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units are awards that entitle the holder to receive shares of CSC’s common stock following a vesting period. Restricted stock units are restricted from transfer or sale and generally vest annually over a one-one- to four-year period, while performance-based restricted stock units also require the Company to achieve certain financial or other measures prior to vesting. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. The grant date fair value is amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of the restricted stock units that vested during each of the years 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 20162019 was $166$317 million, $127$175 million, and $105$123 million, respectively.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The Company’s restricted stock units activity is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Number
of Units
(In millions) | | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
per Unit |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 10 | | | $ | 40.85 | |
| | | |
| Granted | 4 | | | 64.18 | |
| Vested | (4) | | | 41.25 | |
| Forfeited | (1) | | | 45.63 | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 9 | | | $ | 49.69 | |
|
| | | | | | |
| | Number
of Units
(In millions) | | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
per Unit |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 7 |
| | $ | 35.16 |
|
Granted (1) | 3 |
| | 47.03 |
|
Vested (1) | (3 | ) | | 35.95 |
|
Forfeited (2) | — |
| | 36.10 |
|
| Outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 7 |
| | $ | 40.64 |
|
(1) Includes 781 thousand units related to special non-officer employee stock awards, with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $45.87. All units granted vested immediately.Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans
(2) Number of units were less than 500 thousand.
Retirement Plan
Employees can participate in Schwab’s qualified retirement plan, the SchwabPlan® Retirement Savings and Investment Plan. The Company may match certain employee contributions or make additional contributions to this plan at its discretion. The Company’s total expense was $105$187 million, $92$136 million, and $83$118 million in 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Deferred Compensation Plans
Schwab’s deferred compensation plan for officers permits participants to defer the receipt of certain cash compensation. The deferred compensation plan for non-employee directors permits participants to defer receipt of all or a portion of their director fees and to receive either a grant of stock options, or upon ceasing service as a director, the number of shares of CSC’s common stock that would have resulted from investing the deferred fee amount into CSC’s common stock. The deferred compensation liability was $144$194 million and $160$176 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively.
FCEffective upon the completion of the TD Ameritrade acquisition on October 6, 2020, TD Ameritrade’s 401(k) and deferred profit-sharing plan was terminated and all unvested balances in the plan became fully vested. TD Ameritrade employees employed immediately prior to the acquisition who continued as employees of TDA Holding, CSC, or any of their subsidiaries after completion of the acquisition became eligible to participate in the SchwabPlan Retirement Savings and Investment Plan and make rollover contributions from their TD Ameritrade plan balances to the SchwabPlan Retirement Savings and Investment Plan.
Financial Consultant Career Achievement Plan
The FCfinancial consultant career achievement plan is a noncontributory, unfunded, nonqualified plan for eligible FCs. An FCfinancial consultants. A financial consultant is eligible for earned cash payments after retirement contingent upon meeting certain performance levels, tenure, age, and client transitioning requirements. Allocations to the plan are calculated annually based on performance levels achieved and eligible compensation and are subject to general creditors of the Company. Full vesting occurs when an FCa financial consultant reaches 60 years of age and has at least ten years of service with the Company.
The following table presents the changes in projected benefit obligation:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 92 | | | $ | 83 | |
Benefit cost (1) | 16 | | | 17 | |
Actuarial loss/(gain) (2) | 11 | | | (8) | |
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3) | $ | 119 | | | $ | 92 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 44 |
| | $ | 26 |
|
Benefit cost (1) | 11 |
| | 9 |
|
Actuarial (gain)/loss (2) | 1 |
| | 9 |
|
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3) | $ | 56 |
| | $ | 44 |
|
(1) Includes service cost and interest cost, which are recognized in compensation and benefits expense and other expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income.
(2) Actuarial loss/(gain)/loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and is included in AOCI on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3) This amount is recognized as a liability in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and also depicts the accumulated benefit obligation.sheets.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law. Among other things, the Tax Act lowered the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective for tax years including or commencing January 1, 2018. Schwab’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was 23.1%, 35.5%, and 36.9%, respectively, resulting from the impact of the Tax Act of 2017.
Also as a result of the Tax Act, Schwab recognized a $46 million one-time non-cash charge to taxes on income in the fourth quarter of 2017 associated with the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets and other tax adjustments related to the Tax Act. During 2018, we concluded our analysis and accounting for all remaining impacts of the Tax Act, including the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences, resulting in no additional material impacts.
As of January 1, 2018, Schwab adopted new accounting guidance that decreased AOCI and increased retained earnings by $33 million for the reclassification of certain impacts of the Tax Act as described in Note 2. Schwab also adopted new revenue recognition guidance as of January 1, 2018, which resulted in recording an asset for capitalized contract costs of $219 million and a related deferred tax liability of $52 million as described in Note 2. As of December 31, 2018, the deferred tax liability related to the capitalized contract costs was $60 million.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
22. Taxes on Income
The components of taxes on income are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Current: | | | | | |
| Federal | $ | 1,507 | | | $ | 967 | | | $ | 958 | |
| State | 298 | | | 172 | | | 184 | |
| Total current | 1,805 | | | 1,139 | | | 1,142 | |
| Deferred: | | | | | |
| Federal | 38 | | | (113) | | | 3 | |
| State | 15 | | | (25) | | | (1) | |
| Total deferred | 53 | | | (138) | | | 2 | |
| Taxes on income | $ | 1,858 | | | $ | 1,001 | | | $ | 1,144 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Current: | | | | | |
| Federal | $ | 847 |
| | $ | 1,132 |
| | $ | 980 |
|
| State | 159 |
| | 106 |
| | 109 |
|
| Total current | 1,006 |
| | 1,238 |
| | 1,089 |
|
| Deferred: | | | | | |
| Federal | 42 |
| | 58 |
| | 13 |
|
| State | 7 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
| Total deferred | 49 |
| | 58 |
| | 15 |
|
| Taxes on income | $ | 1,055 |
| | $ | 1,296 |
| | $ | 1,104 |
|
The temporary differences that created deferred tax assets and liabilities are detailed below:
| | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | 2020 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | |
| Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities | $ | 347 | | $ | — | |
| Employee compensation, severance, and benefits | 237 | | 271 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 225 | | 249 | |
| Reserves and allowances | 74 | | 70 | |
| Debt fair value remeasurement | 47 | | 67 | |
| State and local taxes | 40 | | 37 | |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 8 | | 8 | |
| | |
| Total deferred tax assets | 978 | | 702 | |
| Valuation allowance | (8) | | (8) | |
| Deferred tax assets — net of valuation allowance | 970 | | 694 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | (1,888) | | (1,954) | |
| Net unrealized gain on available for sale securities | — | | (1,686) | |
| Operating lease ROU assets | (210) | | (233) | |
| Capitalized internal-use software development costs | (142) | | (101) | |
| | |
| | |
| Other | (212) | | (182) | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (2,452) | | (4,156) | |
Deferred tax asset/(liability) — net (1) | $ | (1,482) | | $ | (3,462) | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | |
| Employee compensation, severance, and benefits | $ | 132 |
| | $ | 133 |
|
| Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities | 79 |
| | 57 |
|
| Reserves and allowances | 13 |
| | 15 |
|
| Facilities lease commitments | 12 |
| | 14 |
|
| State and local taxes | 21 |
| | 12 |
|
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 5 |
| | 5 |
|
| Other | 6 |
| | 3 |
|
| Total deferred tax assets | 268 |
| | 239 |
|
| Valuation allowance | (3 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Deferred tax assets — net of valuation allowance | 265 |
| | 237 |
|
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
| Capitalized internal-use software development costs | (98 | ) | | (89 | ) |
| Depreciation and amortization | (108 | ) | | (72 | ) |
| Capitalized contract costs | (60 | ) | | — |
|
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (266 | ) | | (161 | ) |
Deferred tax asset/(liability) — net (1) | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 76 |
|
(1) Amounts are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities and in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 20182021 and in other assets at December 31, 2017.2020.
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Federal statutory income tax rate | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % |
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 3.4 | | | 3.2 | | | 3.2 | |
| Equity compensation benefit | (1.2) | | | (0.3) | | | (0.5) | |
| Other | 0.9 | | | (0.6) | | | (0.1) | |
| Effective income tax rate | 24.1 | % | | 23.3 | % | | 23.6 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Federal statutory income tax rate | 21.0 | % | | 35.0 | % | | 35.0 | % |
| State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 3.0 |
| | 2.2 |
| | 2.4 |
|
| Equity compensation benefit | (1.0 | ) | | (2.4 | ) | | — |
|
Other (1) | 0.1 |
| | 0.7 |
| | (0.5 | ) |
| Effective income tax rate | 23.1 | % | | 35.5 | % | | 36.9 | % |
(1) 2017 includes the impact of one-time charge to taxes on income associated with the Tax Act.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 248 | | | $ | 101 | |
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 34 | | | 15 | |
| Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 15 | | | 3 | |
| Additions for current year acquisitions | — | | | 200 | |
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (15) | | | (7) | |
| Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (8) | | | (24) | |
| Reductions for settlements with tax authorities | (3) | | | (40) | |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 271 | | | $ | 248 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 111 |
| | $ | 93 |
|
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 3 |
| | 22 |
|
| Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 3 |
| | 15 |
|
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (4 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | — |
| | — |
|
| Reductions for settlements with tax authorities | (1 | ) | | (17 | ) |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 112 |
| | $ | 111 |
|
Unrecognized tax benefits totaled $112$271 million and $111$248 million as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, $108$221 million and $104$202 million of which if recognized, would affect the annual effective tax rate.
Interest and penalties were accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. At December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, we had accrued approximately $9$68 million and $5$58 million, respectively, for the payment of interest and penalties.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to routine examinations by the respective federal, state, and applicable local jurisdictions’ taxing authorities. Federal returns for 20112017 through 20172020 remain subject to examination. The years open to examination by state and local governments vary by jurisdiction.
21.23. Regulatory Requirements
CSC is a savings and loan holding company and CSB, CSC’s primary depository institution subsidiary, is a federal savings bank. CSC is subject to examination, supervision, and regulation by the Federal Reserve. CSB, CSC’s primary depository institution subsidiary, is a Texas-chartered state savings bank and is a member of the Federal Reserve system. CSB is subject to examination, supervision, and regulation by the OCC, as its primary regulator,Federal Reserve, the TDSML, the FDIC as its deposit insurer, and the CFPB. CSC is required to serve as a source of strength for CSB.
CSB is subject to various requirements and restrictions under federal and state laws, including regulatory capital requirements and requirements that restrict and govern the terms of affiliate transactions, such as extensions of credit to, or asset purchases from CSC or its other subsidiaries by CSB. In addition, CSB is required to provide notice to and may be required to obtain approval of the OCCFederal Reserve and the Federal ReserveTDSML to declare dividends to CSC. The federal banking agencies have broad powers to enforce these regulations, including the power to terminate deposit insurance, impose substantial fines and other civil and criminal penalties, and appoint a conservator or receiver. Under the prompt corrective action provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, CSB could be subject to restrictive actions if it were to fall within one of the lowest three of five capital categories. CSC and CSB are required to maintain minimum capital levels as specified in federal banking regulations. Failure to meet the minimum levels could result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on CSC and CSB. At December 31, 2018,2021, both CSC and CSB met all of their respective capital requirements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The regulatory capital and ratios for CSC (consolidated) and CSB are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Actual | | Minimum to be
Well Capitalized | | Minimum Capital
Requirement |
| December 31, 2021 | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio (1) |
| CSC | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 27,967 | | | 19.7 | % | | N/A | | | | $ | 6,389 | | | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 37,921 | | | 26.7 | % | | N/A | | | | 8,518 | | | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 37,950 | | | 26.7 | % | | N/A | | | | 11,358 | | | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 37,921 | | | 6.2 | % | | N/A | | | | 24,346 | | | 4.0 | % |
| Supplementary Leverage Ratio | 37,921 | | | 6.2 | % | | N/A | | | | 18,434 | | | 3.0 | % |
| CSB | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 28,014 | | | 26.8 | % | | $ | 6,787 | | | 6.5 | % | | $ | 4,698 | | | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 28,014 | | | 26.8 | % | | 8,353 | | | 8.0 | % | | 6,265 | | | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 28,033 | | | 26.8 | % | | 10,441 | | | 10.0 | % | | 8,353 | | | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 28,014 | | | 7.1 | % | | 19,790 | | | 5.0 | % | | 15,832 | | | 4.0 | % |
| Supplementary Leverage Ratio | 28,014 | | | 7.0 | % | | N/A | | | | 12,016 | | | 3.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CSC | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 22,916 | | | 18.5 | % | | N/A | | | | $ | 5,575 | | | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 30,649 | | | 24.7 | % | | N/A | | | | 7,433 | | | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 30,688 | | | 24.8 | % | | N/A | | | | 9,910 | | | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 30,649 | | | 6.3 | % | | N/A | | | | 19,396 | | | 4.0 | % |
| Supplementary Leverage Ratio | 30,649 | | | 6.2 | % | | N/A | | | | 14,744 | | | 3.0 | % |
| CSB | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 17,526 | | | 19.2 | % | | $ | 5,919 | | | 6.5 | % | | $ | 4,098 | | | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 17,526 | | | 19.2 | % | | 7,285 | | | 8.0 | % | | 5,464 | | | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 17,558 | | | 19.3 | % | | 9,106 | | | 10.0 | % | | 7,285 | | | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 17,526 | | | 5.5 | % | | 15,979 | | | 5.0 | % | | 12,783 | | | 4.0 | % |
Supplementary Leverage Ratio | 17,526 | | | 5.4 | % | | N/A | | | | 9,763 | | | 3.0 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Actual | | Minimum to be
Well Capitalized | | Minimum Capital
Requirement |
| December 31, 2018 | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio (1) |
| CSC | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 16,813 |
| | 17.6 | % | | N/A |
| | | | $ | 4,295 |
| | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 19,606 |
| | 20.5 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 5,726 |
| | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 19,628 |
| | 20.6 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 7,635 |
| | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 19,606 |
| | 7.1 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 11,058 |
| | 4.0 | % |
| CSB | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 15,832 |
| | 19.7 | % | | $ | 5,233 |
| | 6.5 | % | | $ | 3,623 |
| | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 15,832 |
| | 19.7 | % | | 6,441 |
| | 8.0 | % | | 4,831 |
| | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 15,853 |
| | 19.7 | % | | 8,051 |
| | 10.0 | % | | 6,441 |
| | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 15,832 |
| | 7.2 | % | | 11,044 |
| | 5.0 | % | | 8,836 |
| | 4.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2017 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CSC | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 14,630 |
| | 19.3 | % | | N/A |
| | | | $ | 3,414 |
| | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 17,423 |
| | 23.0 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 4,552 |
| | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 17,452 |
| | 23.0 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 6,069 |
| | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 17,423 |
| | 7.6 | % | | N/A |
| | | | 9,218 |
| | 4.0 | % |
| CSB | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | $ | 13,355 |
| | 20.1 | % | | $ | 4,324 |
| | 6.5 | % | | $ | 2,993 |
| | 4.5 | % |
| Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | 13,355 |
| | 20.1 | % | | 5,321 |
| | 8.0 | % | | 3,991 |
| | 6.0 | % |
| Total Risk-Based Capital | 13,382 |
| | 20.1 | % | | 6,652 |
| | 10.0 | % | | 5,321 |
| | 8.0 | % |
| Tier 1 Leverage | 13,355 |
| | 7.1 | % | | 9,462 |
| | 5.0 | % | | 7,569 |
| | 4.0 | % |
(1) Under the Basel III capital rule, CSC and CSB are also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer and a countercyclical capital buffer above the regulatory minimum risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was 1.875% in 2018, and becamecountercyclical buffer were 2.5% on January 1, 2019.and zero percent, respectively, for both periods presented. If the capital conservationeither buffer falls below the minimum requirement, the Company would be subject to limits on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. For 2018,At December 31, 2021, the minimum capital requirement plus capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer for Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, and Total Risk-Based Capital ratios were 6.375%7.0%, 7.875%8.5%, and 9.875%10.5%, respectively. At December 31, 2018, both CSC’s and CSB’s capital levels exceeded the fully implemented capital conservation buffer requirement.
N/A Not applicable.
Based on its regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2018,2021, CSB is considered well capitalized (the highest category) under its respective regulatory capital rules. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 20182021 that management believes have changed CSB’s capital category.
The Federal Reserve requires CSB to maintain reserve balances at the Federal Reserve based on its deposits thatCSC’s other banking subsidiaries are considered to be transaction accounts. CSB’s average reserve requirement was $1.6 billion in 2018 and 2017. In late 2017, Schwab acquired a federal savings bank charter which is now called Charles Schwab Premier Bank, (formerly known asSSB (CSPB) and Charles Schwab SignatureTrust Bank (Trust Bank). CSPB is Texas-chartered state savings bank that provides banking and custody services, and Trust Bank is a Nevada-state chartered savings bank that provides trust and custody services. At December 31, 2018,2021 and 2020, the balance sheetsheets of Charles Schwab PremierCSPB and Trust Bank primarily consisted primarily of investment securities,securities. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, CSPB held total assets of $15.2 billion. Charles Schwab Premier$39.2 billion and $31.6 billion, respectively, and Trust Bank isheld total assets of $15.9 billion and $12.5 billion, respectively. Based on their regulatory capital ratios, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, CSPB and Trust Bank are considered well capitalized under their respective regulatory capital rules.
As securities broker-dealers, CS&Co, TDAC, and TD Ameritrade, Inc. are subject to similar regulatory guidelines and requirements, and seeks to maintain a Tier 1 Leverage Ratio similar to CSB.
CS&Co, a securities broker-dealer, is subject to the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule. CS&Co computes itsand TDAC each compute net capital under the alternative method permitted by the Uniform Net Capital Rule. This methodRule, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined, of the greater of 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from client transactions or a minimum dollar requirement, of $250,000, which is based on the type of business conducted by the broker-dealer. TD Ameritrade, Inc. is required to maintain minimum net capital of the greater of 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from client transactions or a minimum dollar requirement. Under the alternative method, a broker-dealer may not repay
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
subordinated borrowings, pay cash dividends, or make any unsecured advances or loans if such payment would result in a net capital amount of less than 5% of aggregate debit balances or less than 120% of its minimum dollar requirement.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Net capital and net capital requirements for CS&Co, TDAC, and TD Ameritrade, Inc., are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| CS&Co |
| Net capital | $ | 5,231 | | | $ | 3,117 | |
Minimum dollar requirement(1) | 0.250 | | | 1.000 | |
| 2% of aggregate debit balances | 941 | | | 616 | |
| Net capital in excess of required net capital | $ | 4,290 | | | $ | 2,501 | |
| TDAC | | | |
| Net capital | $ | 5,337 | | | $ | 4,040 | |
| Minimum dollar requirement | 1.500 | | | 1.500 | |
| 2% of aggregate debit balances | 1,007 | | | 748 | |
| Net capital in excess of required net capital | $ | 4,330 | | | $ | 3,292 | |
| TD Ameritrade, Inc. | | | |
| Net capital | $ | 711 | | | $ | 350 | |
| Minimum dollar requirement | 0.250 | | | 0.250 | |
| 2% of aggregate debit balances | — | | | — | |
| Net capital in excess of required net capital | $ | 711 | | | $ | 350 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Net capital | $ | 2,304 |
| | $ | 2,118 |
|
| Minimum net capital required | 0.250 |
| | 0.250 |
|
| 2% of aggregate debit balances | 436 |
| | 435 |
|
| Net capital in excess of required net capital | $ | 1,868 |
| | $ | 1,683 |
|
In accordance(1)During 2021, CS&Co transferred its futures business to Charles Schwab Futures and Forex LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSC. This transfer was accounted for as a common control transaction and did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. CS&Co subsequently deregistered prior to December 31, 2021 as an FCM with the SECCFTC, and, therefore, is no longer subject to net capital requirements under CFTC Regulation 1.17 under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Pursuant to the SEC’s Customer Protection Rule CS&Coand other applicable regulations, Schwab had portions of its cash and investments segregated for the exclusive benefit of clients at December 31, 2018.2021. The SECSEC’s Customer Protection Rule requires broker-dealers to segregate client fully-paid securities and cash balances not collateralizing margin positions and not swept to money market funds or bank deposit accounts. Amounts included in cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes represent actual balances on deposit, whereas cash and investments required to be segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes at December 31, 20182021 for CS&Co totaled $16.7$38.4 billion and for TDAC totaled $15.9 billion. As of January 3, 2019,4, 2022, CS&Co had deposited $3.7$1.5 billion of cash and qualified securities into its segregated reserve accounts. As of January 3, 2022, TDAC had deposited $406 million of cash and qualified securities from its segregated reserve accounts. Cash and investments required to be segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes at December 31, 20172020 for CS&Co totaled $15.3$39.2 billion and for TDAC totaled $14.5 billion. On January 3, 2018, $704 millionCash and cash equivalents included in cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes are presented as part of Schwab’s cash balances in the consolidated statements of cash and qualified securities was deposited into the segregated reserve accounts.flows.
24. Segment Information
Schwab’s two2 reportable segments are Investor Services and Advisor Services. Schwab structures the operating segments according to its clients and the services provided to those clients. The Investor Services segment provides retail brokerage, investment advisory, and banking and trust services to individual investors, and retirement plan services, as well as other corporate brokerage services, to businesses and their employees. The Advisor Services segment provides custodial, trading, banking and trust, and support services, as well as retirement business services, to independent RIAs, independent retirement advisors, and recordkeepers. Revenues and expenses are allocatedattributed to the two2 segments based on which segment services the client.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
The Company integrated its business and asset acquisitions during 2020 into its two existing reportable segments. Revenues and expenses from our acquisition of USAA-IMCO are allocated to Investor Services only; revenues and expenses from TD Ameritrade and our other 2020 acquisitions are attributed to Investor Services and Advisor Services based on which segment services the client. See Note 3 for more information regarding business acquisitions.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2. For the computation of its segment information, Schwab utilizes an activity-based costing model to allocate traditional income statement line item expenses (e.g., compensation and benefits, depreciation and amortization, and professional services) to the business activities driving segment expenses (e.g., client service, opening new accounts, or business development) and a funds transfer pricing methodology to allocate certain revenues.
Management evaluates the performance of itsthe segments on a pre-tax basis. Segment assets and liabilities are not used for evaluating segment performance or in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. There are no revenues from transactions between the segments.
Financial information for the segments is presented in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investor Services | | Advisor Services | | Total |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | $ | 6,052 | | | $ | 4,391 | | | $ | 4,685 | | | $ | 1,978 | | | $ | 1,722 | | | $ | 1,831 | | | $ | 8,030 | | | $ | 6,113 | | | $ | 6,516 | |
| Asset management and administration fees | 3,130 | | | 2,544 | | | 2,289 | | | 1,144 | | | 931 | | | 922 | | | 4,274 | | | 3,475 | | | 3,211 | |
| Trading revenue | 3,753 | | | 1,156 | | | 503 | | | 399 | | | 260 | | | 249 | | | 4,152 | | | 1,416 | | | 752 | |
| Bank deposit account fees | 964 | | | 255 | | | — | | | 351 | | | 100 | | | — | | | 1,315 | | | 355 | | | — | |
| Other | 562 | | | 262 | | | 146 | | | 187 | | | 70 | | | 96 | | | 749 | | | 332 | | | 242 | |
| Total net revenues | 14,461 | | | 8,608 | | | 7,623 | | | 4,059 | | | 3,083 | | | 3,098 | | | 18,520 | | | 11,691 | | | 10,721 | |
| Expenses Excluding Interest | 8,289 | | | 5,529 | | | 4,284 | | | 2,518 | | | 1,862 | | | 1,589 | | | 10,807 | | | 7,391 | | | 5,873 | |
| Income before taxes on income | $ | 6,172 | | | $ | 3,079 | | | $ | 3,339 | | | $ | 1,541 | | | $ | 1,221 | | | $ | 1,509 | | | $ | 7,713 | | | $ | 4,300 | | | $ | 4,848 | |
| Capital expenditures | $ | 771 | | | $ | 535 | | | $ | 507 | | | $ | 270 | | | $ | 206 | | | $ | 246 | | | $ | 1,041 | | | $ | 741 | | | $ | 753 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 399 | | | $ | 288 | | | $ | 216 | | | $ | 150 | | | $ | 126 | | | $ | 106 | | | $ | 549 | | | $ | 414 | | | $ | 322 | |
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | $ | 499 | | | $ | 149 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 116 | | | $ | 41 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 615 | | | $ | 190 | | | $ | 27 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Investor Services | | Advisor Services | | Total |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Net Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | $ | 4,341 |
| | $ | 3,231 |
| | $ | 2,591 |
| | $ | 1,482 |
| | $ | 1,051 |
| | $ | 731 |
| | $ | 5,823 |
| | $ | 4,282 |
| | $ | 3,322 |
|
| Asset management and administration fees | 2,260 |
| | 2,344 |
| | 2,093 |
| | 969 |
| | 1,048 |
| | 962 |
| | 3,229 |
| | 3,392 |
| | 3,055 |
|
| Trading revenue | 475 |
| | 408 |
| | 524 |
| | 288 |
| | 246 |
| | 301 |
| | 763 |
| | 654 |
| | 825 |
|
| Other | 245 |
| | 217 |
| | 203 |
| | 72 |
| | 73 |
| | 73 |
| | 317 |
| | 290 |
| | 276 |
|
| Total net revenues | 7,321 |
| | 6,200 |
| | 5,411 |
| | 2,811 |
| | 2,418 |
| | 2,067 |
| | 10,132 |
| | 8,618 |
| | 7,478 |
|
| Expenses Excluding Interest | 4,145 |
| | 3,725 |
| | 3,380 |
| | 1,425 |
| | 1,243 |
| | 1,105 |
| | 5,570 |
| | 4,968 |
| | 4,485 |
|
| Income before taxes on income | $ | 3,176 |
| | $ | 2,475 |
| | $ | 2,031 |
| | $ | 1,386 |
| | $ | 1,175 |
| | $ | 962 |
| | $ | 4,562 |
| | $ | 3,650 |
| | $ | 2,993 |
|
| Capital expenditures | $ | 390 |
| | $ | 265 |
| | $ | 234 |
| | $ | 186 |
| | $ | 147 |
| | $ | 119 |
| | $ | 576 |
| | $ | 412 |
| | $ | 353 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 186 |
| | $ | 203 |
| | $ | 180 |
| | $ | 120 |
| | $ | 66 |
| | $ | 54 |
| | $ | 306 |
| | $ | 269 |
| | $ | 234 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
| |
23. | The Charles Schwab Corporation – Parent Company Only Financial Statements |
25. Earnings Per Common Share
Condensed Statements
EPS is computed using the two-class method. Preferred stock dividends, and undistributed earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining net income available to common stockholders. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of Incomecommon shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated similar to basic EPS except that the numerator and denominator are adjusted as necessary for any effects of dilutive potential common shares, which include, if dilutive, outstanding stock options and non-vested restricted stock units.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 |
| 2017 |
| 2016 |
| Interest revenue | $ | 88 |
|
| $ | 33 |
|
| $ | 22 |
|
| Interest expense | (184 | ) |
| (114 | ) |
| (100 | ) |
| Net interest expense | (96 | ) |
| (81 | ) |
| (78 | ) |
| Other | 1 |
|
| 3 |
|
| 1 |
|
| Expenses excluding interest | (85 | ) |
| (32 | ) |
| (21 | ) |
| Loss before income tax benefit and equity in net income of subsidiaries | (180 | ) |
| (110 | ) |
| (98 | ) |
| Income tax benefit | 20 |
|
| 27 |
|
| 34 |
|
| Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries | (160 | ) |
| (83 | ) |
| (64 | ) |
| Equity in net income of subsidiaries: | | | | | |
| Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries | 2,590 |
|
| 1,479 |
|
| 1,690 |
|
| Dividends from bank subsidiaries | 750 |
|
| 625 |
|
| — |
|
| Dividends from non-bank subsidiaries | 327 |
|
| 333 |
|
| 263 |
|
| Net Income | 3,507 |
|
| 2,354 |
|
| 1,889 |
|
Preferred stock dividends and other (1) | 178 |
|
| 174 |
|
| 143 |
|
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 3,329 |
|
| $ | 2,180 |
|
| $ | 1,746 |
|
EPS under the basic and diluted computations for both common stock and nonvoting common stock are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Common Stock | Nonvoting Common Stock (1) | Common Stock | Nonvoting Common Stock (1) | Common Stock | Nonvoting Common Stock (1) |
| Basic earnings per share: | | | | | | |
| Numerator | | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 5,610 | | $ | 245 | | $ | 3,255 | | $ | 44 | | $ | 3,704 | | N/A |
Preferred stock dividends and other (2) | (474) | | (21) | | (253) | | (3) | | (178) | | N/A |
| Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 5,136 | | $ | 224 | | $ | 3,002 | | $ | 41 | | $ | 3,526 | | N/A |
| Denominator | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding —
basic | 1,808 | | 79 | | 1,410 | | 19 | | 1,311 | | N/A |
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 2.84 | | $ | 2.84 | | $ | 2.13 | | $ | 2.13 | | $ | 2.69 | | N/A |
| Diluted earnings per share: | | | | | | |
| Numerator | | | | | | |
| Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 5,136 | | $ | 224 | | $ | 3,002 | | $ | 41 | | $ | 3,526 | | N/A |
Reallocation of net income available to
common stockholders as a result of conversion of
nonvoting to voting shares | 224 | | — | | 41 | | — | | N/A | N/A |
Allocation of net income available to common
stockholders: | $ | 5,360 | | $ | 224 | | $ | 3,043 | | $ | 41 | | $ | 3,526 | | N/A |
| Denominator | | | | | | |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding —
basic | 1,808 | | 79 | | 1,410 | | 19 | | 1,311 | | N/A |
| Conversion of nonvoting shares to voting shares | 79 | | — | | 19 | | — | | N/A | N/A |
Common stock equivalent shares related to
stock incentive plans | 10 | | — | | 6 | | — | | 9 | | N/A |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding — diluted (3) | 1,897 | | 79 | | 1,435 | | 19 | | 1,320 | | N/A |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 2.83 | | $ | 2.83 | | $ | 2.12 | | $ | 2.12 | | $ | 2.67 | | N/A |
(1)Nonvoting common stock was issued in conjunction with the October 6, 2020 acquisition of TD Ameritrade. As such, nonvoting common stock is not applicable for the basic and diluted EPS computations in 2019.
(2) Includes preferred stock dividends and undistributed earnings and dividends allocated to non-vested restricted stock units.
(3) Antidilutive stock options and restricted stock units excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS totaled 16 million, 22 million, and 21 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively.
N/A Not applicable.
Condensed Balance Sheets
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,092 |
| | $ | 2,825 |
|
| Receivables from subsidiaries | 784 |
| | 571 |
|
| Available for sale securities | 1,754 |
| | 573 |
|
| Held to maturity securities | 223 |
| | 223 |
|
| Other securities owned — at fair value | 109 |
| | 76 |
|
| Loans to non-bank subsidiaries | 185 |
| | 448 |
|
| Investment in non-bank subsidiaries | 5,507 |
| | 5,393 |
|
| Investment in bank subsidiaries | 16,995 |
| | 13,224 |
|
| Other assets | 228 |
| | 160 |
|
| Total assets | $ | 27,877 |
| | $ | 23,493 |
|
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 379 |
| | $ | 276 |
|
| Payables to subsidiaries | 2 |
| | — |
|
| Long-term debt | 6,826 |
| | 4,692 |
|
| Total liabilities | 7,207 |
| | 4,968 |
|
| Stockholders’ equity | 20,670 |
| | 18,525 |
|
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 27,877 |
| | $ | 23,493 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
26. The Charles Schwab Corporation – Parent Company Only Financial Statements
Condensed Statements of Cash FlowsIncome
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Interest revenue | $ | 11 | | | $ | 38 | | | $ | 119 | |
| Interest expense | (355) | | | (273) | | | (248) | |
| Net interest expense | (344) | | | (235) | | | (129) | |
| Trading revenue | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Other revenue | (2) | | | (1) | | | (1) | |
| Expenses Excluding Interest: | | | | | |
| Professional services | (17) | | | (68) | | | (24) | |
| Other expenses excluding interest | (125) | | | (85) | | | (83) | |
| Loss before income tax benefit and equity in net income of subsidiaries | (488) | | | (388) | | | (237) | |
| Income tax benefit/(expense) | 32 | | | 45 | | | (9) | |
| Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries | (456) | | | (343) | | | (246) | |
| Equity in net income of subsidiaries: | | | | | |
| Equity in undistributed net income/(distributions in excess of net income) of subsidiaries | 3,361 | | | 2,476 | | | (1,198) | |
| Dividends from bank subsidiaries | — | | | — | | | 4,915 | |
| Dividends from non-bank subsidiaries | 2,950 | | | 1,166 | | | 233 | |
| Net Income | 5,855 | | | 3,299 | | | 3,704 | |
Preferred stock dividends and other (1) | 495 | | | 256 | | | 178 | |
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 5,360 | | | $ | 3,043 | | | $ | 3,526 | |
(1) Includes preferred stock dividends and undistributed earnings and dividends allocated to non-vested restricted stock units.
Condensed Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,839 | | | $ | 4,654 | |
| Receivables from subsidiaries | 1,288 | | | 1,260 | |
| Available for sale securities | 4,218 | | | 4,982 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Investment in non-bank subsidiaries | 34,377 | | | 29,550 | |
| Investment in bank subsidiaries | 30,720 | | | 25,548 | |
| Other assets | 357 | | | 371 | |
| Total assets | $ | 77,799 | | | $ | 66,365 | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | 618 | | | $ | 458 | |
| Payables to subsidiaries | 80 | | | 34 | |
| Short-term borrowings | 3,005 | | | — | |
| Long-term debt | 17,835 | | | 9,813 | |
| Total liabilities | 21,538 | | | 10,305 | |
| Stockholders’ equity | 56,261 | | | 56,060 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 77,799 | | | $ | 66,365 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 3,507 |
| | $ | 2,354 |
| | $ | 1,889 |
|
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | | | | | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | (2,590 | ) | | (1,479 | ) | | (1,690 | ) |
| Other | 13 |
| | 5 |
| | (37 | ) |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| Other securities owned | (33 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (10 | ) |
| Other assets | 28 |
| | (26 | ) | | (27 | ) |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 28 |
| | 44 |
| | 30 |
|
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 953 |
| | 897 |
| | 155 |
|
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | | | | | |
| Due from (to) subsidiaries — net | 408 |
| | (374 | ) | | 95 |
|
| Increase in investments in subsidiaries | (1,188 | ) | | (342 | ) | | (1,547 | ) |
| Repayments (Advances) of subordinated loan to CS&Co | (185 | ) | | — |
| | 465 |
|
| Purchases of available for sale securities | (1,751 | ) | | (201 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities | — |
| | 197 |
| | 2 |
|
| Principal payments on available for sale securities | 573 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Other investing activities | (5 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (4 | ) |
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (2,148 | ) | | (726 | ) | | (991 | ) |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | | | | | |
| Issuance of long-term debt | 3,024 |
| | 2,129 |
| | — |
|
| Repayment of long-term debt | (900 | ) | | (250 | ) | | — |
|
| Repurchases of common stock | (1,000 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Net proceeds from preferred stock offerings | — |
| | 492 |
| | 1,316 |
|
| Redemption of preferred stock | — |
| | (485 | ) | | — |
|
| Dividends paid | (787 | ) | | (592 | ) | | (486 | ) |
| Proceeds from stock options exercised and other | 125 |
| | 171 |
| | 144 |
|
| Other financing activities | — |
| | — |
| | 44 |
|
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 462 |
| | 1,465 |
| | 1,018 |
|
| Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (733 | ) | | 1,636 |
| | 182 |
|
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | 2,825 |
| | 1,189 |
| | 1,007 |
|
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | 2,092 |
| | $ | 2,825 |
| | $ | 1,189 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Tabular Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Data, Option Price Amounts, Ratios, or as Noted)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
24. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 5,855 | | | $ | 3,299 | | | $ | 3,704 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | | | | | |
| Dividends in excess of (equity in undistributed) earnings of subsidiaries | (3,361) | | | (2,476) | | | 1,198 | |
| Other | 21 | | | 41 | | | 9 | |
| Net change in: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets | 76 | | | (65) | | | 57 | |
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 112 | | | 34 | | | 34 | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 2,703 | | | 833 | | | 5,002 | |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | | | | | |
| Due from (to) subsidiaries — net | 211 | | | 46 | | | (122) | |
| Increase in investments in subsidiaries | (10,926) | | | (2,172) | | | (1,783) | |
| Repayments (advances) of subordinated loan to CS&Co | — | | | — | | | 185 | |
| Purchases of available for sale securities | (8,002) | | | (5,397) | | | (1,141) | |
| Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities | 2 | | | 2 | | | 181 | |
| Principal payments on available for sale securities | 8,754 | | | 2,395 | | | 994 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (9,961) | | | (5,126) | | | (1,686) | |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Issuance of long-term debt | 7,036 | | | 3,070 | | | 593 | |
| Repayment of long-term debt | (1,200) | | | (700) | | | — | |
| Issuance of commercial paper | 8,253 | | | 1,234 | | | 1,400 | |
| Repayments of commercial paper | (5,250) | | | (1,234) | | | (1,400) | |
| Repurchases of common stock | — | | | — | | | (2,220) | |
| Net proceeds from preferred stock offerings | 2,806 | | | 4,940 | | | — | |
| Redemption of preferred stock | (600) | | | — | | | — | |
| Dividends paid | (1,822) | | | (1,280) | | | (1,060) | |
| Proceeds from stock options exercised and other | 220 | | | 79 | | | 118 | |
| Other financing activities | — | | | (1) | | | — | |
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 9,443 | | | 6,108 | | | (2,569) | |
| Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 2,185 | | | 1,815 | | | 747 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | 4,654 | | | 2,839 | | | 2,092 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | 6,839 | | | $ | 4,654 | | | $ | 2,839 | |
| Supplemental Cash Flow Information | | | | | |
| Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activity | | | | | |
| Exchange of TDA Holding-issued senior notes for CSC-issued senior notes | $ | 1,987 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fourth
Quarter | | Third
Quarter | | Second
Quarter | | First
Quarter |
| Year Ended December 31, 2018: | | | | | | | |
| Total Net Revenues | $ | 2,669 |
| | $ | 2,579 |
| | $ | 2,486 |
| | $ | 2,398 |
|
| Total Expenses Excluding Interest | $ | 1,459 |
| | $ | 1,360 |
| | $ | 1,355 |
| | $ | 1,396 |
|
| Net Income | $ | 935 |
| | $ | 923 |
| | $ | 866 |
| | $ | 783 |
|
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 885 |
| | $ | 885 |
| | $ | 813 |
| | $ | 746 |
|
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding — Basic | 1,343 |
| | 1,351 |
| | 1,350 |
| | 1,347 |
|
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding — Diluted | 1,354 |
| | 1,364 |
| | 1,364 |
| | 1,362 |
|
| Earnings Per Common Share — Basic | $ | .66 |
| | $ | .66 |
| | $ | .60 |
| | $ | .55 |
|
| Earnings Per Common Share — Diluted | $ | .65 |
| | $ | .65 |
| | $ | .60 |
| | $ | .55 |
|
| Dividends Declared Per Common Share | $ | .13 |
| | $ | .13 |
| | $ | .10 |
| | $ | .10 |
|
| Year Ended December 31, 2017: | | | | | | | |
| Total Net Revenues | $ | 2,242 |
| | $ | 2,165 |
| | $ | 2,130 |
| | $ | 2,081 |
|
| Total Expenses Excluding Interest | $ | 1,289 |
| | $ | 1,220 |
| | $ | 1,221 |
| | $ | 1,238 |
|
| Net Income | $ | 597 |
| | $ | 618 |
| | $ | 575 |
| | $ | 564 |
|
| Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 550 |
| | $ | 575 |
| | $ | 530 |
| | $ | 525 |
|
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding — Basic | 1,343 |
| | 1,339 |
| | 1,338 |
| | 1,336 |
|
| Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding — Diluted | 1,358 |
| | 1,353 |
| | 1,351 |
| | 1,351 |
|
| Earnings Per Common Share — Basic | $ | .41 |
| | $ | .43 |
| | $ | .40 |
| | $ | .39 |
|
| Earnings Per Common Share — Diluted | $ | .41 |
| | $ | .42 |
| | $ | .39 |
| | $ | .39 |
|
| Dividends Declared Per Common Share | $ | .08 |
| | $ | .08 |
| | $ | .08 |
| | $ | .08 |
|
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
25. Subsequent Event
On January 30, 2019, CSC publicly announced that its Board of Directors authorized a new Share Repurchase Program to repurchase up to $4.0 billion of common stock, and declared a four cent, or 31%, increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.17 per common share. The share repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of The Charles Schwab Corporation:Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Charles Schwab Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company"“Company”) as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"“financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Asset Management and Administration Fees (AMAF) and Trading Revenue – Refer to Note 4 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
Net revenues from asset management and administrative fees (AMAF) are generated through proprietary, third-party mutual fund and exchange-traded funds (ETF) offerings, as well as fee-based advisory solutions. Trading revenue is generated through commissions earned for executing trades for clients in individual equities, options, and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs. Both AMAF and trading revenues are made up of a significant volume of low-dollar transactions, and use automated systems to process and record these transactions based on underlying information sourced from multiple systems and contractual terms with individual investors and third-party mutual funds.
Given that the Company’s process to record revenue is highly automated and involves multiple systems and databases, auditing these revenue streams was complex and challenging due to the extent of audit effort required and involvement of professionals with expertise in information technology (IT) necessary for us to identify, test, and evaluate the Company’s systems, software applications, and automated controls.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the Company’s systems to process the AMAF and trading revenue transactions included the following, among others:
•With the assistance of our IT specialists, we:
◦Identified the significant systems used to process revenue transactions and, using a risk-based approach, tested the relevant general IT controls over each of these systems.
◦Performed testing of automated business controls and system interface controls (including batch processing) within the relevant revenue streams.
•We tested internal controls within the relevant revenue business processes, including those in place to reconcile the various systems to the Company’s general ledger.
•We created data visualizations to evaluate recorded revenue and evaluate trends in the revenue data.
•For a sample of revenue transactions, we performed detail transaction testing by agreeing the amounts recognized to contractual agreements and testing the mathematical accuracy of the recorded revenue.
•For a sample of accounts, we tested the accuracy and completeness of assets under management by obtaining independent pricing support and reconciling total positions to third-party statements.
|
| | | | |
| /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | |
San Francisco, California Dallas, Texas
February 22, 2019 24, 2022
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1976.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Management’sReport on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of The Charles Schwab Corporation, together with its subsidiaries (the Company), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of and effected by the Company’s chief executive officerChief Executive Officer and chief financial officerChief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of published financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As of December 31, 2018,2021, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.2021.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the previous page.pages.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: The management of the Company, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2018.2021. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018.2021.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting:reporting: No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) was identified during the quarter ended December 31, 2018,2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonablyreasonable likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Item 8.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PARTIIIItem 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections
| |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance |
Not applicable.
PARTIII
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
The information relating to directors of CSC required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from portions of the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A by April 30, 20192022 (the Proxy Statement) under “Members of the Board of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” “Director Nominations,“Board Structure and Committees,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.“Director Nominations.” The Company’s Code of Conduct and Business Ethics, applicable to directors and all employees, including senior financial officers, is available on the Company’s website at https://www.aboutschwab.com/governance. If the Company makes any amendments to or grants any waivers from its Code of Conduct and Business Ethics, which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company will make such disclosures on this website.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
SchwabExecutive Officers of the Registrant
The following table provides certain information about each of the Company’s executive officers as of December 31, 2018.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Executive Officers of the Registrant |
| | | |
| Name | Age | Title |
Executive Officers of the Registrant |
| | | |
| Name | Age | Title |
| Charles R. Schwab | 8184 | Chairman of the Board |
| Walter W. Bettinger II | 5861 | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| MarieRichard A. ChandohaWurster | 5748 | Chief Executive Officer – Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.President |
| Bernard J. Clark | 6063 | Executive Vice President –Managing Director, Head of Advisor Services |
| Jonathan M. Craig | 4750 | Senior Executive Vice PresidentManaging Director, Head of Investor Services & Marketing |
| Peter B. Crawford | 5053 | Executive Vice President andManaging Director, Chief Financial Officer |
| David R. Garfield | 62 | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary |
| Terri R. Kallsen | 50 | Executive Vice President – Investor Services |
| Joseph R. Martinetto | 5659 | Senior Executive Vice President andManaging Director, Chief Operating Officer |
| Peter J. Morgan III | 57 | Managing Director, General Counsel |
| Nigel J. Murtagh | 5558 | Executive Vice President – CorporateManaging Director, Chief Risk |
| | | Officer |
Mr. Schwab has been Chairman of the Board and a director of CSC since its incorporation in 1986. He also served as Chief Executive Officer of CSC from 1986 to 1997 and as Co-Chief Executive Officer from 1998 until 2003. He was re-appointed Chief Executive Officer in 2004 and served in that role until 2008. He served as Chairman of the Board and a director of CS&Co until 2018. Mr. Schwab is also Chairman of CSB.
Mr. Bettinger has been President and Chief Executive Officer of CSC since 2008. He serves on the Board of Directors of CSC, and CSB, and TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation, and is Chairman of CS&Co, as well as Chairman and trustee of The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Laudus Trust, and Schwab Strategic Trust, all registered investment companies and affiliates of CSC. Mr. Bettinger served as Director, President and Chief OperatingExecutive Officer of CS&Co from 2008 until October 2021. Mr. Bettinger served as President of CSC from 2007 to 2021, CSC Chief Operating Officer from 2007 until 2008, and as Executive Vice President and President – Schwab Investor Services of CSC and CS&Co from 2005 to 2007. Mr. Bettinger joined Schwab in 1995.
Ms. ChandohaMr. Wurster has been Chief Executive OfficerPresident of CSIMCSC and CS&Co since 2011 andOctober 2021. He served as PresidentCEO of CSIM from 2011 until October 2018. She serves as a trustee of The Charles Schwab FamilyInvestment Management, Inc. from 2019 to 2021 and CEO of Funds,Charles Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Laudus Trust,Investment Advisory, Inc. from 2018 to 2021. Mr. Wurster was CEO of ThomasPartners, Inc. and Schwab Strategic Trust. On September 25, 2018, Ms. Chandoha announced her decisionWindhaven Investment Management, Inc., subsidiaries of CSC, from 2016 to retire on March 29, 2019. Ms. Chandoha2018. Mr. Wurster joined Schwab in 2010.2016.
Mr. Clark has been Managing Director since 2022 and Executive Vice President – Advisor Services of CSC since 2012. Mr. Clark has served as Executive Vice President – Advisor Services of CS&Co since 2010. From 2006 until 2010, Mr. Clark served as Senior Vice President – Schwab Institutional Sales of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.CS&Co. Mr. Clark joined Schwab in 1998.
Mr. Craig has been Managing Director, Head of Investor Services and Marketing since 2022. Prior to that he served as Senior Executive Vice President of CSC and CS&Co since 2018. He served asfrom 2018 to 2021, Executive Vice President – Client and Marketing Solutions for CSC from 2017 until 2018 and served as Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of CS&Co from 2012 until 2018. Mr. Craig joined Schwab in 2000.
Mr. Crawford has been Managing Director since 2022 and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of CSC and CS&Co since 2017. Prior to his appointment as Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Crawford was Executive Vice President of Finance from 2015 to 2017. He served as Senior Vice President of Schwab’s asset management and client solutions organization from 2008 to 2015. He joined the Board of Directors of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation in 2020, and has served on the Board of Directors of CS&Co since 2018. Mr. Crawford joined Schwab in 2001.
Mr. GarfieldMartinetto has been Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of CSCManaging Director since 2014 and Executive Vice President and Corporate Secretary of CS&Co since 2015. Mr. Garfield served as Deputy General Counsel of Wells Fargo & Company from 1998 to 2014. Mr. Garfield joined Schwab in 2014.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Ms. Kallsen has been Executive Vice President – Investor Services of CSC and CS&Co since 2014. She served as Senior Vice President – Portfolio Consulting of CS&Co from 2012 until 2014 and as Senior Vice President – Branch Network from June 2014 until December 2014. Ms. Kallsen joined Schwab in 2012.
Mr. Martinetto has been2022, Senior Executive Vice President of CSC and CS&Co since 2015, and Chief Operating Officer of CSC and CS&Co since 2018. He served as Chief Financial Officer of CSC and CS&Co from 2007 until 2017, and Executive Vice President of CSC and CS&Co from 2007 until 2015. He also serves on the Board of Directors of CS&Co and CSB.TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation; he served on the Board of Directors of CSB from 2010 until 2020. Additionally, Mr. Martinetto is a trustee of The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Laudus Trust, and Schwab Strategic Trust. Mr. Martinetto joined Schwab in 1997.
Mr. Morgan has been Managing Director since 2022, and served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of CSC since 2019. He also serves as Executive Vice President & Corporate Secretary of CS&Co; he was Senior
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of CS&Co from 2009 to January 2020. He has served as General Counsel of CSB since 2009, including as Executive Vice President and General Counsel of CSB since 2019, and as Senior Vice President and General Counsel from 2015 to 2019. Mr. Morgan joined Schwab in 1999.
Mr. Murtagh has been Managing Director since 2022 and Executive Vice President – Corporate Risk of CSC and CS&Co since 2012. He has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of CSB since 2018.2012. He served as Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of CS&Co from 2002 until 2012 and of CSC from 2008 until 2012.2012 when he was also Head of Fixed Income Research for Charles Schwab Investment Management. Mr. Murtagh joined Schwab in 2000.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Item 11. Executive Compensation
| |
Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from portions of the Proxy Statement under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Tables – 20182021 Summary Compensation Table,” “Executive Compensation Tables – 20182021 Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table,” “Executive Compensation Tables – Narrative to Summary Compensation and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Tables,” “Executive Compensation Tables – 20182021 Termination and Change in Control Benefits Table,” “Executive Compensation Tables – Outstanding Equity Awards as of December 31, 2018,2021,” “Executive Compensation Tables – 20182021 Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table,” “Executive Compensation Tables – 20182021 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table,” “Director Compensation,” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation.” In addition, the information from a portion of the Proxy Statement under “Compensation Committee Report,” is incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement and furnished on this Form 10-K, and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933.
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Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from portions of the Proxy Statement under “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,”Management” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans.”
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Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from portions of the Proxy Statement under “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Director Independence.”
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Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is incorporated by reference from a portion of the Proxy Statement under “Auditor Fees.”
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
PARTIV
PARTIV
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Item 15. | Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules |
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report
1. Financial Statements
The financial statements and independent auditors’ report are included in Item 8 and are listed below:
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsStockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ EquityCash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
2. Financial Statement Schedules
Other financial statement schedules required pursuant to this Item are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the information is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes in Item 8.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
(b) Exhibits
(b) Exhibits
The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K.
| | | | | | | | |
Exhibit
Number | Exhibit | |
| 2.1 | | |
| | |
| 2.2 | Number 2.2 to the Registrant's Form 8-K dated May 14, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
| Exhibit | |
| | |
| 3.11 | | |
| | |
3.143.11(i) | | |
| | |
| 3.14 | | |
| | |
3.153.14(i) | | |
| | |
| 3.15 | | |
| | |
3.173.18 | | |
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3.18 | | |
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| 3.19 | | |
| | |
| 3.20 | | |
| | |
4.23.21 | Deposit Agreement, dated August 3, 2015, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Depositary (including the formCertificate of Depositary Share Receipt attached as Exhibit A thereto),Designations of 5.375% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series G, of The Charles Schwab Corporation, filed as Exhibit 4.13.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K dated August 3, 2015April 30, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
4.33.22 | | |
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| 3.23 | | |
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| 3.24 | | |
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| 3.25 | | |
| | |
| 4.3 | | |
| | |
| 4.4 | | |
| | |
| 4.5 | | |
| | |
4.6 | Neither the Registrant nor its subsidiaries are parties to any instrument with respect to long-term debt for which securities authorized thereunder exceed 10% of the total assets of the Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Copies of instruments with respect to long-term debt of lesser amounts will be provided to the SEC upon request. | |
| | |
10.4 | Form of Release Agreement dated as of March 31, 1987 among BAC, Registrant, Schwab Holdings, Inc., Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and former shareholders of Schwab Holdings, Inc., filed as the identically-numbered exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement No. 33-16192 on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
10.57 | Registration Rights and Stock Restriction Agreement, dated as of March 31, 1987, between the Registrant and the holders of the Common Stock, filed as Exhibit 4.23 to Registrant’s Registration Statement No. 33-16192 on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. | |
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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | |
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| Exhibit Number | Exhibit | |
| 4.6 | | |
| | |
| 4.7 | | |
| | |
| 4.8 | | |
| | |
| 4.9 | | |
| | |
| 4.10 | | |
| | |
| 4.11 | Neither the Registrant nor its subsidiaries are parties to any instrument with respect to long-term debt for which securities authorized thereunder exceed 10% of the total assets of the Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Copies of instruments with respect to long-term debt of lesser amounts will be provided to the SEC upon request. | |
| | |
| 10.4 | Form of Release Agreement dated as of March 31, 1987 among BAC, Registrant, Schwab Holdings, Inc., Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and former shareholders of Schwab Holdings, Inc., filed as the identically-numbered exhibit to Registrant’s Registration Statement No. 33-16192 on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.57 | Registration Rights and Stock Restriction Agreement, dated as of March 31, 1987, between the Registrant and the holders of the Common Stock, filed as Exhibit 4.23 to Registrant’s Registration Statement No. 33-16192 on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.72 | | |
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| 10.271 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.272 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.314 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.338 | | (2) |
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| 10.349 | | (2) |
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| 10.362 | | (2) |
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| 10.389 | | (2) |
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| 10.402 | | (2) |
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| 10.403 | | (2) |
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|
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Exhibit Number | Exhibit | |
| 10.72 | | |
| | | |
| 10.271 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.272 | | (2) |
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| 10.314 | | (1),(2) |
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| 10.338 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.349 | | (2) |
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| 10.362 | | (1),(2) |
| | | |
| 10.376 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.381 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.382 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.383 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.384 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.385 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.386 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.387 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.388 | | (2) |
| | | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | |
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| Exhibit Number | Exhibit | |
| 10.404 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.405 | | |
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| 10.406 | | |
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| 10.407 | | |
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| 10.407(i) | Consent, Agreement and Joinder to the Amended and Restated IDA Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2020, by and among Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., TD Ameritrade, Inc., TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc. and TD Ameritrade Trust Company, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation’s Form 8-K dated October 6, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.407(ii) | Amendment to Amended and Restated Insured Deposit Agreement, dated as of November 24, 2021, by and among TD Bank USA, National Association, TD Bank, National Association, and The Charles Schwab Corporation, TD Ameritrade, Inc., TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., TD Ameritrade Trust Company, and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.** | |
| | |
| 10.408 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.409 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.410 | | (2) |
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| 10.412 | | (2) |
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| 10.413 | | (2) |
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| 10.414 | | (2) |
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| 10.415 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.418 | Credit Agreement, dated April 21, 2017, among TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., the lenders party thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as syndication agent, Barclays Bank PLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as co-documentation agents and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation’s Form 8-K dated April 21, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.419 | First Amendment, dated May 17, 2018, to Credit Agreement, dated April 21, 2017, among TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., the lenders party thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as syndication agent, Barclays Bank PLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., New York Branch, as co-documentation agents and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation’s Form 8-K dated May 17, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.420 | Second Amendment, dated as of August 3, 2020, to Credit Agreement dated April 21, 2017, among TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation’s Form 8-K dated August 3, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
|
| | |
Exhibit Number | Exhibit | |
| 10.389 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.390 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.391 | | (2) |
| | | |
| 10.392 | | |
| | | |
| 10.393 | | (1),(2) |
| | | |
| 10.394 | | (1),(2) |
| | | |
| 21.1 | | |
| | | |
| 23.1 | | |
| | | |
| 31.1 | | |
| | | |
| 31.2 | | |
| | | |
| 32.1 | | (1) |
| | | |
| 32.2 | | (1) |
| | | |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | (3) |
| | | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | (3) |
| | | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation | (3) |
| | | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Extension Definition | (3) |
| | | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label | (3) |
| | | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation | (3) |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | | | | |
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit | |
| 10.423 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.424 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.425 | Third Amendment, dated as of September 27, 2021, to Credit Agreement dated April 21, 2017, among TD Ameritrade Clearing, Inc., the lenders party thereto and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, filed as Exhibit 10.425 to the Registrants’ Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
| | |
| 10.426 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.427 | | (2) |
| | |
| 10.428 | | (2) |
| | |
| 21.1 | | |
| | |
| 23.1 | | |
| | |
| 31.1 | | |
| | |
| 31.2 | | |
| | |
| 32.1 | | (1) |
| | |
| 32.2 | | (1) |
| | |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | (3) |
| | |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | (3) |
| | |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation | (3) |
| | |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Extension Definition | (3) |
| | |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label | (3) |
| | |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation | (3) |
| | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |
| | |
| (1) | Furnished as an exhibit to this annual report on Form 10-K. | |
| | |
| (2) | Management contract or compensatory plan. | |
| | |
| (3) | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2021, are the following materials formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
* The schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Schwab agrees to furnishsupplementally a copy of such schedules and exhibits, or any section thereof, to the SEC upon request.
** Certain confidential information contained in this agreement has been omitted because it is not material and would be competitively harmful if publicly disclosed.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
|
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Exhibit
Number
| Exhibit | |
(1) | Furnished as an exhibit to this annual report on Form 10-K. | |
| | |
(2) | Management contract or compensatory plan. | |
| | |
(3) | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2018, are the following materials formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 22, 2019.24, 2022.
|
| | | | | | | |
| THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION |
| (Registrant) |
| | |
| BY: | /s/ Walter W. Bettinger II |
| | Walter W. Bettinger II |
| | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated, on February 22, 2019.24, 2022.
| | | | | | | | |
| Signature / Title | | Signature / Title |
| | |
Signature / Title | | Signature / Title |
| | |
| /s/ Walter W. Bettinger II | | /s/ Peter Crawford |
| Walter W. Bettinger II, | | Peter Crawford, |
President and Chief Executive Officer
and Director | | Managing Director, Executive Vice President,
and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
|
| | |
| /s/ Charles R. Schwab | | /s/ John K. Adams, Jr. |
| Charles R. Schwab, Chairman of the Board | | John K. Adams, Jr., Director |
| | |
| /s/ Marianne C. Brown | | /s/ Joan T. Dea | | /s/ Christopher V. Dodds |
| Marianne C. Brown, Director | | Joan T. Dea, Director | | Christopher V. Dodds, Director |
| | |
/s/ Stephen A. Ellis | | /s/ Mark A. Goldfarb |
Stephen A. Ellis, Director | | Mark A. Goldfarb, Director |
| | |
/s/ William S. Haraf | | /s/ Frank C. Herringer |
William S. Haraf, Director | | Frank C. Herringer, Director |
| | |
/s/ Stephen T. McLin | | /s/ Charles A. Ruffel |
Stephen T. McLin, Director | | Charles A. Ruffel, Director |
| | |
/s/ Arun Sarin | | /s/ Paula A. Sneed |
Arun Sarin, Director | | Paula A. Sneed, Director |
| | |
/s/ Roger O. Walther | | |
Roger O. Walther, Director | | |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
|
| | |
| /s/ Christopher V. Dodds | | /s/ Stephen A. Ellis |
| Christopher V. Dodds, Director | | Stephen A. Ellis, Director |
| | |
| /s/ Mark A. Goldfarb | STATISTICAL DISCLOSURE BY BANK HOLDING COMPANIES | /s/ William S. Haraf |
| Mark A. Goldfarb, Director | | William S. Haraf, Director |
| The following table outlines the information required by the SEC’s Industry Guide 3, “Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies,” which is presented at the consolidated holding company level. | |
| /s/ Frank C. Herringer | | /s/ Brian M. Levitt |
| Frank C. Herringer, Director | | Brian M. Levitt, Director |
| | |
| /s/ Gerri K. Martin-Flickinger | Required Disclosure | Page/s/ Bharat B. Masrani |
| Gerri K. Martin-Flickinger, Director | Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential | F-2 – F-3Bharat B. Masrani, Director |
| Investment Portfolio | F-4 |
| /s/ Todd M. Ricketts | Risk Elements – Cross-border Holdings | F-5/s/ Charles A. Ruffel |
| Todd M. Ricketts, Director | Loan Portfolio | F-6 – F-7Charles A. Ruffel, Director |
| Summary of Loan Loss Experience | F-7 |
| /s/ Arun Sarin | Deposits | F-7/s/ Paula A. Sneed |
| Arun Sarin, Director | Return on Equity and Assets | F-7Paula A. Sneed, Director |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
| | | | | |
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| | |
| | |
| SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION |
| |
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| | |
| | |
| |
| Disclosure | Page |
| Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Revenue | F-2 |
| Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Revenue | F-3 |
| Bank Loan Portfolio | F-4 |
| Allowance for Credit Losses on Bank Loans | F-4 - F5 |
| Bank Deposits | F-5 |
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THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
TheAs a savings and loan holding company, the Company provides the following supplemental financial datainformation pursuant to Subpart 1400 of Regulation S-K. Other information required by Subpart 1400 of Regulation S-K is consistent with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Industry Guide 3 – Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies.presented throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| |
1. | Three-year Net Interest Revenue and Average Balances |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Average | | | | Average | | Average | | | | Average | | Average | | | | Average |
| | Balance | | Interest | | Rate | | Balance | | Interest | | Rate | | Balance | | Interest | | Rate |
| Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 17,783 |
| | $ | 348 |
| | 1.93 | % | | $ | 9,931 |
| | $ | 109 |
| | 1.10 | % | | $ | 11,143 |
| | $ | 57 |
| | 0.51 | % |
| Cash and investments segregated | 11,461 |
| | 206 |
| | 1.78 | % | | 18,525 |
| | 166 |
| | 0.90 | % | | 20,104 |
| | 93 |
| | 0.46 | % |
| Broker-related receivables | 303 |
| | 6 |
| | 2.09 | % | | 430 |
| | 3 |
| | 0.70 | % | | 558 |
| | 1 |
| | 0.22 | % |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 19,870 |
| | 830 |
| | 4.12 | % | | 16,269 |
| | 575 |
| | 3.53 | % | | 15,001 |
| | 497 |
| | 3.31 | % |
Available for sale securities (1) | 54,542 |
| | 1,241 |
| | 2.26 | % | | 53,040 |
| | 815 |
| | 1.54 | % | | 72,586 |
| | 883 |
| | 1.22 | % |
| Held to maturity securities | 131,794 |
| | 3,348 |
| | 2.53 | % | | 103,599 |
| | 2,354 |
| | 2.27 | % | | 57,451 |
| | 1,402 |
| | 2.44 | % |
Bank loans (5) | 16,554 |
| | 559 |
| | 3.37 | % | | 15,919 |
| | 472 |
| | 2.97 | % | | 14,715 |
| | 400 |
| | 2.72 | % |
| Total interest-earning assets | 252,307 |
| | 6,538 |
| | 2.57 | % | | 217,713 |
| | 4,494 |
| | 2.06 | % | | 191,558 |
| | 3,333 |
| | 1.74 | % |
| Other interest revenue | | | 142 |
| | | | | | 130 |
| | | | | | 160 |
| | |
| Total interest-earning assets | 252,307 |
| | 6,680 |
| | 2.63 | % | | 217,713 |
| | 4,624 |
| | 2.12 | % | | 191,558 |
| | 3,493 |
| | 1.82 | % |
Noninterest-earning assets (2,3) | 11,681 |
| | | | | | 9,968 |
| | | | | | 9,354 |
| | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 263,988 |
| | | | | | $ | 227,681 |
| | | | | | $ | 200,912 |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 199,139 |
| | $ | 545 |
| | 0.27 | % | | $ | 163,998 |
| | $ | 148 |
| | 0.09 | % | | $ | 141,432 |
| | $ | 37 |
| | 0.03 | % |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 21,178 |
| | 56 |
| | 0.27 | % | | 25,403 |
| | 16 |
| | 0.06 | % | | 26,311 |
| | 3 |
| | 0.01 | % |
| Short-term borrowings | 3,359 |
| | 54 |
| | 1.59 | % | | 3,503 |
| | 41 |
| | 1.17 | % | | 1,864 |
| | 9 |
| | 0.48 | % |
| Long-term debt | 5,423 |
| | 190 |
| | 3.50 | % | | 3,431 |
| | 119 |
| | 3.47 | % | | 2,876 |
| | 104 |
| | 3.62 | % |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 229,099 |
| | 845 |
| | 0.37 | % | | 196,335 |
| | 324 |
| | 0.17 | % | | 172,483 |
| | 153 |
| | 0.09 | % |
| Other interest expense | | | 12 |
| | | | | | 18 |
| | | | | | 18 |
| | |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities (2,4) | 14,883 |
| | | | | | 13,787 |
| | | | | | 13,375 |
| | | | |
Total liabilities (6) | 243,982 |
| | 857 |
| | 0.34 | % | | 210,122 |
| | 342 |
| | 0.15 | % | | 185,858 |
| | 171 |
| | 0.09 | % |
Stockholders’ equity (2) | 20,006 |
| | | | | | 17,559 |
| | | | | | 15,054 |
| | | | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 263,988 |
| | | | | | $ | 227,681 |
| | | | | | $ | 200,912 |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | | | $ | 5,823 |
| | | | | | $ | 4,282 |
| | | | | | $ | 3,322 |
| | |
| Net yield on interest-earning assets | | | | | 2.29 | % | | | | | | 1.97 | % | | | | | | 1.73 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Year Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Average | | Average | Average | | Average | Average | | Average |
| Balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate |
| Assets: | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 40,325 | | $ | 40 | | 0.10 | % | $ | 39,052 | | $ | 120 | | 0.30 | % | $ | 23,512 | | $ | 518 | | 2.17 | % |
| Cash and investments segregated | 43,942 | | 24 | | 0.05 | % | 34,100 | | 141 | | 0.41 | % | 15,694 | | 345 | | 2.17 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 77,768 | | 2,455 | | 3.11 | % | 28,058 | | 848 | | 2.97 | % | 19,270 | | 821 | | 4.20 | % |
Available for sale securities (1,2) | 357,122 | | 4,641 | | 1.30 | % | 253,555 | | 4,537 | | 1.78 | % | 58,181 | | 1,560 | | 2.67 | % |
Held to maturity securities (2) | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 134,708 | | 3,591 | | 2.65 | % |
Bank loans (3) | 28,789 | | 620 | | 2.15 | % | 20,932 | | 545 | | 2.60 | % | 16,832 | | 584 | | 3.47 | % |
| Total interest-earning assets | 547,946 | | 7,780 | | 1.41 | % | 375,697 | | 6,191 | | 1.64 | % | 268,197 | | 7,419 | | 2.75 | % |
| Securities lending revenue | | 720 | | | | 334 | | | | 147 | | |
| Other interest revenue | | 6 | | | | 6 | | | | 14 | | |
| Total interest-earning assets | 547,946 | | 8,506 | | 1.54 | % | 375,697 | | 6,531 | | 1.73 | % | 268,197 | | 7,580 | | 2.80 | % |
Non-interest-earning assets (4,5) | 41,930 | | | | 38,608 | | | | 11,559 | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 589,876 | | | | $ | 414,305 | | | | $ | 279,756 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 381,549 | | $ | 54 | | 0.01 | % | $ | 291,206 | | $ | 93 | | 0.03 | % | $ | 212,605 | | $ | 700 | | 0.33 | % |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 91,667 | | 9 | | 0.01 | % | 46,347 | | 12 | | 0.02 | % | 24,353 | | 79 | | 0.33 | % |
Short-term borrowings (6) | 3,040 | | 9 | | 0.30 | % | 89 | | — | | 0.20 | % | 17 | | — | | 2.36 | % |
| Long-term debt | 17,704 | | 384 | | 2.17 | % | 8,992 | | 289 | | 3.22 | % | 7,199 | | 258 | | 3.58 | % |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 493,960 | | 456 | | 0.09 | % | 346,634 | | 394 | | 0.11 | % | 244,174 | | 1,037 | | 0.42 | % |
| Securities lending expense | | 24 | | | | 33 | | | | 38 | | |
| Other interest expense | | (4) | | | | (9) | | | | (11) | | |
Non-interest-bearing liabilities (4,7) | 39,182 | | | | 32,486 | | | | 14,170 | | | |
Total liabilities (8) | 533,142 | | 476 | | 0.09 | % | 379,120 | | 418 | | 0.11 | % | 258,344 | | 1,064 | | 0.39 | % |
Stockholders’ equity (4) | 56,734 | | | | 35,185 | | | | 21,412 | | | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 589,876 | | | | $ | 414,305 | | | | $ | 279,756 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenue | | $ | 8,030 | | | | $ | 6,113 | | | | $ | 6,516 | | |
| Net yield on interest-earning assets | | | 1.45 | % | | | 1.62 | % | | | 2.41 | % |
(1) Amounts calculated based on amortized cost.
(2)(2) On January 1, 2020, the Company transferred all of its investment securities designated as HTM to the AFS category, as described in Item 8 – Note 6.
(3) Includes average principal balances of nonaccrual loans.
(4) Average balance calculation based on month end balances.
(3) Noninterest-earning(5) Non-interest-earning assets include equipment, office facilities, and property – net, goodwill, acquired intangible assets – net, and other assets that do not generate interest income.
(4) Noninterest-bearing(6) Interest revenue or expense was less than $500 thousand in the period or periods presented.
(7) Non-interest-bearing liabilities consist of other liabilities that do not generate interest expense.
(5) Includes average principal balances of nonaccrual loans.
(6)(8)Average rate calculation based on total funding sources.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
2. Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Revenue
| |
2. | Analysis of Change in Net Interest Revenue |
An analysis of the year-to-year changes in the categories of interest revenue and interest expense resulting from changes in volume and rate is as follows:
| | | | 2018 Compared to 2017
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Change in: | | 2017 Compared to 2016
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Change in: | | 2021 Compared to 2020
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Change in: | | 2020 Compared to 2019
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Change in: |
| | Average
Volume | | Average
Rate | | Total | | Average
Volume | | Average
Rate | | Total | | Average
Volume | | Average
Rate | | Total | | Average
Volume | | Average
Rate | | Total |
| Interest-earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest-earning assets: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 86 |
| | $ | 153 |
| | $ | 239 |
| | $ | (6 | ) | | $ | 58 |
| | $ | 52 |
| Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 4 | | | $ | (84) | | | $ | (80) | | | $ | 337 | | | $ | (735) | | | $ | (398) | |
| Cash and investments segregated | (64 | ) | | 104 |
| | 40 |
| | (7 | ) | | 80 |
| | 73 |
| Cash and investments segregated | 40 | | | (157) | | | (117) | | | 399 | | | (603) | | | (204) | |
| Broker-related receivables | (1 | ) | | 4 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | 2 |
| |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 127 |
| | 128 |
| | 255 |
| | 42 |
| | 36 |
| | 78 |
| Receivables from brokerage clients | 1,476 | | | 131 | | | 1,607 | | | 369 | | | (342) | | | 27 | |
Available for sale securities (2) | 23 |
| | 403 |
| | 426 |
| | (238 | ) | | 170 |
| | (68 | ) | |
| Held to maturity securities | 640 |
| | 354 |
| | 994 |
| | 1,126 |
| | (174 | ) | | 952 |
| |
Bank loans (3) | 19 |
| | 68 |
| | 87 |
| | 33 |
| | 39 |
| | 72 |
| |
Available for sale securities (2,3) | | Available for sale securities (2,3) | 1,843 | | | (1,739) | | | 104 | | | 5,237 | | | (2,260) | | | 2,977 | |
Held to maturity securities (3) | | Held to maturity securities (3) | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,591) | | | — | | | (3,591) | |
Bank loans (4) | | Bank loans (4) | 204 | | | (129) | | | 75 | | | 142 | | | (181) | | | (39) | |
| Securities lending revenue | | Securities lending revenue | — | | | 386 | | | 386 | | | — | | | 187 | | | 187 | |
| Other interest revenue | — |
| | 12 |
| | 12 |
| | — |
| | (30 | ) | | (30 | ) | Other interest revenue | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (8) | | | (8) | |
| Total interest-earning assets | $ | 830 |
| | $ | 1,226 |
| | $ | 2,056 |
| | $ | 950 |
| | $ | 181 |
| | $ | 1,131 |
| Total interest-earning assets | $ | 3,567 | | | $ | (1,592) | | | $ | 1,975 | | | $ | 2,893 | | | $ | (3,942) | | | $ | (1,049) | |
| Interest-bearing sources of funds: | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest-bearing sources of funds: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank deposits | $ | 32 |
| | $ | 365 |
| | $ | 397 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 104 |
| | $ | 111 |
| Bank deposits | $ | 27 | | | $ | (66) | | | $ | (39) | | | $ | 259 | | | $ | (866) | | | $ | (607) | |
| Payables to brokerage clients | (3 | ) | | 43 |
| | 40 |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| | 13 |
| Payables to brokerage clients | 9 | | | (12) | | | (3) | | | 73 | | | (140) | | | (67) | |
| Short-term borrowings | (2 | ) | | 15 |
| | 13 |
| | 8 |
| | 24 |
| | 32 |
| Short-term borrowings | 6 | | | 3 | | | 9 | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | — | |
| Long-term debt | 69 |
| | 2 |
| | 71 |
| | 20 |
| | (5 | ) | | 15 |
| Long-term debt | 281 | | | (186) | | | 95 | | | 64 | | | (33) | | | 31 | |
| Securities lending expense | | Securities lending expense | — | | | (9) | | | (9) | | | — | | | (5) | | | (5) | |
| Other interest expense | — |
| | (6 | ) | | (6 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| Other interest expense | — | | | 5 | | | 5 | | | — | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Total sources on which interest is paid | 96 |
| | 419 |
| | 515 |
| | 35 |
| | 136 |
| | 171 |
| Total sources on which interest is paid | 323 | | | (265) | | | 58 | | | 398 | | | (1,044) | | | (646) | |
| Change in net interest revenue | $ | 734 |
| | $ | 807 |
| | $ | 1,541 |
| | $ | 915 |
| | $ | 45 |
| | $ | 960 |
| Change in net interest revenue | $ | 3,244 | | | $ | (1,327) | | | $ | 1,917 | | | $ | 2,495 | | | $ | (2,898) | | | $ | (403) | |
Changes that are not due solely to volume or rate have been allocated to rate.
(1) Includes deposits with banks and short-term investments.
(2) Amounts have been calculated based on amortized cost.
(3)On January 1, 2020, the Company transferred all of its investment securities designated as HTM to the AFS category, as described in Item 8 – Note 6.
(4) Includes average principal balances of nonaccrual loans.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
3. Bank Loan Portfolio
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS and HTM securities for 2016 are as follows: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2016 | Amortized
Cost | | Gross Unrealized
Gains | | Gross Unrealized
Losses | | Fair
Value |
| Available for sale securities: | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 33,167 |
| | $ | 120 |
| | $ | 92 |
| | $ | 33,195 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 20,520 |
| | 29 |
| | 214 |
| | 20,335 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 9,850 |
| | 20 |
| | 18 |
| | 9,852 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 8,679 |
| | 3 |
| | 59 |
| | 8,623 |
|
| Certificates of deposit | 2,070 |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
| | 2,071 |
|
| U.S. agency notes | 1,915 |
| | — |
| | 8 |
| | 1,907 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 1,167 |
| | 2 |
| | 46 |
| | 1,123 |
|
| Commercial paper | 214 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 214 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 45 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 45 |
|
| Total available for sale securities | $ | 77,627 |
| | $ | 176 |
| | $ | 438 |
| | $ | 77,365 |
|
| Held to maturity securities: | | | | | | | |
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | $ | 72,439 |
| | $ | 324 |
| | $ | 1,086 |
| | $ | 71,677 |
|
| Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 997 |
| | 11 |
| | 4 |
| | 1,004 |
|
| Asset-backed securities | 941 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 941 |
|
| Corporate debt securities | 436 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 436 |
|
| U.S. Treasury securities | 223 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | 219 |
|
| Commercial paper | 99 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 99 |
|
| U.S. state and municipal securities | 68 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 68 |
|
| Total held to maturity securities | $ | 75,203 |
| | $ | 336 |
| | $ | 1,095 |
| | $ | 74,444 |
|
For additional information on 2018 and 2017 investments, see Item 8 – Note 6.
As of December 31, 2018, in addition to holdings of securities issued by the U.S. Government and U.S. Government agencies and corporations, the Company’s holdings of investment securities from single issuers with aggregate book values in excess of ten percent of stockholders’ equity are detailed in the table below. These securities have performed in a manner consistent with the investment securities portfolio as a whole.
|
| | | | | | | |
| Issuer | Aggregate Amortized Cost | | Aggregate Fair Value |
Discover Card Execution Note Trust (1) | $ | 2,300 |
| | $ | 2,295 |
|
American Express Credit Account Master Trust Class A(1) | $ | 2,251 |
| | $ | 2,241 |
|
Capital One Multi-Asset Execution Trust Class A(1) | $ | 2,140 |
| | $ | 2,140 |
|
(1) Included in AFS and HTM securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
The below information describes Schwab’s cross-border holdings, based on fair value, as of December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016. Such holdings, by country, that exceed 0.75% of total assets are disclosed separately.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Banks and other
financial institutions | | Commercial and
industrial institutions | | Total | Exposure as a %
of total assets |
| Country: | | | | | | |
| France | $ | 2,793 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,793 |
| 0.9 | % |
| Total | $ | 2,793 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,793 |
| |
There were no cross-border holdings that exceeded 0.75% of total assets at December 31, 2017.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2016 | Banks and other
financial institutions | | Commercial and
industrial institutions | | Total | Exposure as a %
of total assets |
| Country: | | | | | | |
| France | $ | 1,784 |
| | $ | 110 |
| | $ | 1,894 |
| 0.8 | % |
| Total | $ | 1,784 |
| | $ | 110 |
| | $ | 1,894 |
| |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
| |
5. | Bank Loans and Related Allowance for Loan Losses |
The composition of the loan portfolio is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| First Mortgages | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 10,016 |
| | $ | 9,134 |
| | $ | 8,334 |
| | $ | 8,127 |
|
| HELOCs | 1,505 |
| | 1,943 |
| | 2,350 |
| | 2,735 |
| | 2,955 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 4,561 |
| | 4,369 |
| | 3,851 |
| | 3,232 |
| | 2,320 |
|
| Other | 180 |
| | 176 |
| | 94 |
| | 64 |
| | 39 |
|
| Total bank loans | $ | 16,630 |
| | $ | 16,504 |
| | $ | 15,429 |
| | $ | 14,365 |
| | $ | 13,441 |
|
An analysis of nonaccrual loans is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Nonaccrual loans | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 35 |
|
| Average nonaccrual loans | $ | 25 |
| | $ | 27 |
| | $ | 27 |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 39 |
|
There were no loans accruing interest that were contractually 90 days or more past due as of any period presented.
Changes in the allowance for loan losses were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 31 |
| | $ | 42 |
| | $ | 48 |
|
| Charge-offs | (1 | ) | | (3 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (3 | ) | | (5 | ) |
| Recoveries | 2 |
| | 3 |
| | 2 |
| | 3 |
| | 3 |
|
| Provision for loan losses | (6 | ) | | — |
| | (5 | ) | | (11 | ) | | (4 | ) |
| Balance at end of year | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 31 |
| | $ | 42 |
|
The maturities of the bank loan portfolio are as follows:described below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Within
1 year | | After 1 year
through
5 years | | After
5 years through 15 years | | After 15 years | | Total |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | $ | — | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,575 | | | $ | 19,511 | | | $ | 21,090 | |
| HELOCs | 295 | | | 137 | | | 216 | | | — | | | 648 | |
| Total residential real estate | 295 | | | 141 | | | 1,791 | | | 19,511 | | | 21,738 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 11,373 | | | 1,336 | | | — | | | — | | | 12,709 | |
| Other | 5 | | | 197 | | | 5 | | | — | | | 207 | |
| Total | $ | 11,673 | | | $ | 1,674 | | | $ | 1,796 | | | $ | 19,511 | | | $ | 34,654 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2018 | Within
1 year | | After 1 year
through
5 years | | After
5 years | | Total |
First Mortgages (1) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 10,384 |
|
HELOCs (2) | 760 |
| | 291 |
| | 454 |
| | 1,505 |
|
| Pledged asset lines | 679 |
| | 3,869 |
| | 13 |
| | 4,561 |
|
| Other | 6 |
| | 169 |
| | 5 |
| | 180 |
|
| Total | $ | 1,445 |
| | $ | 4,329 |
| | $ | 10,856 |
| | $ | 16,630 |
|
(1) Note:Maturities in the above table are based upon the contractual terms of the loans.
(2) Maturities The maturities for HELOCs are based on an initial draw period of ten years.
The interest sensitivity of loans with contractual maturities in excess of one year is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | After 1 year
through
5 years | | After
5 years through 15 years | | After 15 years |
| Loans with floating or adjustable interest rates | | | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | $ | — | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 17,058 | |
| HELOCs | 137 | | | 216 | | | — | |
| Total residential real estate | 137 | | | 248 | | | 17,058 | |
| Pledged asset lines | 1,336 | | | — | | | — | |
| Other | 1 | | | 2 | | | — | |
| Total loans with floating or adjustable interest rates | 1,474 | | | 250 | | | 17,058 | |
| Loans with predetermined interest rates | | | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1,543 | | | $ | 2,453 | |
| HELOCs | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total residential real estate | 4 | | | 1,543 | | | 2,453 | |
| Pledged asset lines | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Other | 196 | | | 3 | | | — | |
| Total loans with predetermined interest rates | 200 | | | 1,546 | | | 2,453 | |
| Total | $ | 1,674 | | | $ | 1,796 | | | $ | 19,511 | |
4. Allowance for Credit Losses on Bank Loans
|
| | | |
| December 31, 2018 | After
1 year |
| Loans with floating or adjustable interest rates | $ | 14,175 |
|
| Loans with predetermined interest rates | 1,010 |
|
| Total | $ | 15,185 |
|
The following table presents several credit ratios related to the Company’s bank loans portfolio. See Item 8 – Note 7 for the values underlying these ratios:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Allowance for credit losses to total year-end loans | 0.05 | % | | 0.13 | % |
| Nonaccrual loans to total year-end loans | 0.10 | % | | 0.37 | % |
| Allowance for credit losses to total nonaccrual year-end loans | 51 | % | | 34 | % |
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
Supplemental Financial Data (Unaudited)
(Dollars in Millions)
The following table presents information regarding average loans outstanding during the period and the ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) during the period to average loans outstanding:
| |
6. | Summary of Loan Loss on Banking Loans Experience |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year ended December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Average loans | | Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | | Average loans | | Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | | Average loans | | Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | $ | 17,673 | | | — | | | $ | 13,635 | | | (.01) | % | | $ | 10,610 | | | (.01) | % |
| HELOCs | 731 | | | (.14) | % | | 981 | | | — | | | 1,306 | | | (.08) | % |
| Total residential real estate | 18,404 | | | (.01) | % | | 14,616 | | | (.01) | % | | 11,916 | | | (.02) | % |
| Pledged asset lines | 10,201 | | | — | | | 6,125 | | | — | | | 4,746 | | | — | |
| Other | 184 | | | .54 | % | | 191 | | | — | | | 170 | | | — | |
| Total | $ | 28,789 | | | — | | | $ | 20,932 | | | — | | | $ | 16,832 | | | (.01) | % |
The increase in the Company’s average loan portfolio in the periods presented has been driven by growth in First Mortgages and PALs. Growth in these loan types is due in large part to the low interest rate environment seen throughout the periods presented and Schwab’s overall growth in client accounts and net new client assets.
The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses for bank loans and loans by category as a percentage of total bank loans:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Allowance for Credit Losses | | Percent of loans to total loans | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Percent of loans to total loans |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | |
| First Mortgages | $ | 13 | | | 60 | % | | $ | 22 | | | 62 | % |
| HELOCs | 2 | | | 2 | % | | 5 | | | 4 | % |
| Total residential real estate | 15 | | | 62 | % | | 27 | | | 66 | % |
| Pledged asset lines | — | | | 37 | % | | — | | | 33 | % |
| Other | 3 | | | 1 | % | | 3 | | | 1 | % |
| Total | $ | 18 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 30 | | | 100 | % |
5. Bank Deposits
|
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| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Average loans | $ | 16,554 |
| | $ | 15,919 |
| | $ | 14,715 |
| | $ | 13,973 |
| | $ | 12,906 |
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| Allowance to year end loans | .13 | % | | .16 | % | | .17 | % | | .21 | % | | .31 | % |
| Allowance to nonperforming loans | 100 | % | | 93 | % | | 101 | % | | 110 | % | | 120 | % |
Nonperforming assets to average loans and
real estate owned | .14 | % | | .20 | % | | .21 | % | | .26 | % | | .31 | % |
The following table presents the average amount of and the average rate paid on deposit categories that are in excess of ten percent of average total deposits from banking clients:bank deposits:
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| December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Amount | Rate | | Amount | Rate |
| Analysis of average daily deposits: | | | | | |
| Money market and other savings deposits | $ | 349,665 | | 0.01 | % | | $ | 271,534 | | 0.03 | % |
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| December 31, | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| | Amount | Rate | | Amount | Rate | | Amount | Rate |
| Analysis of average daily deposits: | | | | | | | | |
| Money market and other savings deposits | $ | 184,039 |
| 0.28 | % | | $ | 148,679 |
| 0.09 | % | | $ | 126,719 |
| 0.02 | % |
| Interest-bearing demand deposits | 15,100 |
| 0.25 | % | | 15,319 |
| 0.14 | % | | 14,713 |
| 0.07 | % |
| Total | $ | 199,139 |
| | | $ | 163,998 |
| | | $ | 141,432 |
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AtAs of December 31, 2018, there2021 and 2020, uninsured bank deposits totaled approximately $134.8 billion and $89.3 billion, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s bank deposits did not include any time deposits that were no certificatesin excess of deposit of $100,000FDIC insurance limits or more included in bank deposits.otherwise uninsured.
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| December 31, | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
| Return on average total stockholders’ equity | 17.53 | % | 13.41 | % | 12.55 | % |
| Return on average total assets | 1.33 | % | 1.03 | % | 0.94 | % |
| Average total stockholders’ equity as a percentage of average total assets | 7.58 | % | 7.71 | % | 7.49 | % |
Dividend payout ratio (1) | 18.78 | % | 19.88 | % | 20.61 | % |
Note: Average balance calculations based on month end balances.
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(1)
| Dividends declared per common share divided by diluted EPS.
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