SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

INDEPENDENCE HOLDING COMPANY

(Exact name of Registrantregistrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

NONE

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

COMMON STOCK, $1.00 PAR VALUE

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrantregistrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YesX No _

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant'sregistrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes _ NoX .No. __

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common stock equity was last sold, as of June 30, 20032004 was $59,573,000.$97,780,000.

7,737,72114,002,766 shares of common stock were outstanding as of March 30, 2004.

15, 2005.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 20042005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

FORM 10-K CROSS REFERENCE INDEX

PART I

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

Independence Holding Company, a Delaware corporation ("IHC")(NYSE: IHC), is a holding company principally engaged in the life and health insurance business through (i) its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Standard Security Life Insurance Company of New York ("Standard Life"), Madison National Life Insurance Company, Inc. ("Madison Life"), and their subsidiaries, (ii) its 80% owned subsidiary, Strategic Health Associates Inc. ("SHA") (collectively, the "Insurance Group"), and (iii) its affiliate, American Independence Corp. (NASDAQ:AMIC). IHC and its subsidiaries (including the Insurance Group) are collectively referred to as the "Company."

Standard Life, which has an A (Excellent) rating from A.M. Best Company, Inc. ("Best"), is domiciled in New York and licensed as an insurance company in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Madison Life, which is domiciled in Wisconsin and licensed to sell insurance products in 46 states, the District of Columbia and the Virgin Islands and is an accredited reinsurer in New York, has an A- (Excellent) rating from Best. The Company has been informed by Best that a Best rating is assigned after an extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a company's financial condition and operating performance and is also based upon factors relevant to policyholders, agents, and intermediaries, and is not directed toward protection of investors. Best ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities of IHC.

The Company owns 39%40% of the common stock of AMIC. By virtue of its acquisition of the stock of First Standard Holdings Corp. from the Company in November 2002, AMIC is engaged in the insurance and reinsurance business through its operating subsidiaries: Independence American Insurance Company ("Independence American") and its managing general underwriter ("MGU") subsidiaries: IndependenceCare Holdings LLC, Risk Assessment Strategies Inc. and Voorhees Risk Management LLC, d.b.a. Marlton Risk Management (the "AMIC MGUs"). The AMIC MGUs write medical stop-loss business for Standard Life and Madison Life, as well as other carriers. In addition, Independence American has entered into reinsurance treaties with Standard Life and Madison Life under which they also cede to Independence American at least 15% of the medical stop-loss business written by Standard Life and Madison Life. Such treaties terminate December 31, 2014, unless sooner terminated by Independence American. In 2004, Independenc eIndepen dence American will receivereceived an average of 18.5%19.3% of the medical stop-loss premiums written by Standard Life and Madison Life.Life and 20% of Standard Life's DBL business. In 2005, Standard Life and Madison Life expect to also cede premiums from short-term medical, employer-sponsored group major medical and dental to Independence American also cedes managed care business to Standard Life.American. Two representatives of IHC are directors of AMIC and AMIC's operations are substantially being directed by the management of IHC.

In addition to the AMIC MGUs, the Company also has significant ownership positions in three other medical stop-loss MGUs ("IHC MGUs"). One of the IHC MGUs, Majestic Underwriters LLC ("Majestic"), which was acquired July 13, 2004, is owned 52% by the Company, 23% by AMIC and 25% by management of Majestic. The Company owns 50% and 42%, respectively, of the other IHC MGUs. The Company also owns 80% of SHA, with the balance being owned by Insurers Administrative Corporation ("IAC"). IAC is a leading third party administrator of individually underwritten and group health plans, which is unaffiliated with the Company. On January 5, 2005, SHA purchased all of the stock of HPA Holdings Corp. (which is the holding company for Health Plan Administrators, Inc. and HPA Marketing Inc. (individually and collectively "HPA") for $12 million cash. HPA specializes in marketing and administering short-term and temporary medical insurance products. In March 2005, SHA invested $291,000 in consideration of a 30% interest in a newly-formed telemarketing firm, CA Insurance Services, LLC ("CA Services"), which will market major medical and other insurance products to small and medium size employers.

For information pertaining to the Company's business segments, reference is made to Note 1819 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.

PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS

Medical Stop-Loss

The Company is a leading writer nationally of excess or stop-loss insurance for (i) self-insured employer groups that desire to manage the risk of large medical claims ("Employer Medical Stop-Loss"); (ii) providers, managed care organizations, including provider hospital organizations, hospital groups, physician groups and individual practice associations (collectively, "MCOs") that have assumed risk and desire to reduce their claim volatility ("Provider Excess Loss"); and (iii) health maintenance organizations ("HMOs") that desire to reduce their claim volatility ("HMO Reinsurance"). Employer Medical Stop-Loss, Provider Excess Loss and HMO Reinsurance are collectively referred to as "Medical Stop-Loss."

Standard Life was one of the first carriers to market Employer Medical Stop-Loss insurance, starting in 1987, and the Insurance Group is now one of the largest writers of this product in the United States. Employer Medical Stop-Loss insurance allows self-insured employers to manage the risk of large medical claims after a deductible, while permitting them flexibility in designing employee health coverages at a cost that may be lower than that available through traditional indemnity plans. This coverage is available on either a specific or a specific and aggregate basis, although the majority of the Insurance Group's policies cover both specific and aggregate claims. Plans are designed to fit the identified needs of the self-insured employer by offering a variety of deductibles (i.e., the level of claims after which the medical stop-loss benefits become payable).

Standard Life is also a leading writer nationally of excess products for the managed health care market. Provider Excess Loss is marketed to MCOs that have assumed risk (through capitation by an HMO or otherwise) and desire to reduce their claims volatility and/or are required to purchase coverage by contract or regulation. HMO Reinsurance is excess coverage for HMOs that desire to reduce their claims volatility and/or are required to purchase coverage by regulation. Many state regulatory authorities responsible for HMO oversight require such coverage. This coverage allows HMOs to manage the risk of random high-cost medical events by limiting specific losses to a pre-determined amount.

The Company markets Employer Medical Stop-Loss, Provider Excess Loss and HMO Reinsurance primarily through managing general underwriters ("MGUs")MGUs who are non-salaried contractors that receive administrative fees. MGUs are responsible for underwriting accounts in accordance with guidelines formulated and approved by the Company, billing and collecting premiums, paying commissions to third party administratorsadministrator ("TPAs") and/or brokers, adjudicating claims, and overseeing the medical management process. The Company is responsible for selecting MGUs, establishing underwriting guidelines, maintaining approved policy forms and overseeing medical management of large claims for reimbursement, as well as establishing appropriate accounting procedures and reserves. In order to accomplish this, the Company audits the MGUs' underwriting, claims and policy issuance practices to assure compliance with the Company's guidelines, provides the MGUs with access to its medical management experts,and cost containment exp ertise, and reviews cases that require referral based on the Company's underwriting guidelines. During 2003,2004, the Company marketed its Medical Stop-Loss products through 16 MGUs. The Company, together with its affiliates, owns significant equity interests in MGUs, including the AMIC MGUs and IHC MGUs, that produced a majorityapproximately 73% of the Company's Medical Stop-Loss business in 2003.2004. See "MGU Equity Investments".

As a result of higher retention anticipated increased production from current MGUs, and continued positivefavorable projected underwriting results, the Company anticipates continued positive financial results from its Medical Stop-Loss business for the coming year. See "Outlook" in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7.

Strategic Health Products

Employer-Sponsored Group Major Medical

The Company began selling high deductible employer-sponsored group major medical ("Major Medical") products to small and medium size employers in one state in the first quarter of 2005.This is fully insured major medical coverage designed to work with health reimbursement accounts ("HRA") and health savings accounts ("HSA") which are implemented by employers that wish to provide this benefit as part of an employee welfare benefit plan. These plans are offered primarily as Preferred Provider Organizations ("PPO") plans, and provide a variety of cost-sharing options, including deductibles, coinsurance and co-payments.

Standard Life and Madison Life are preparing to market this product in 36 states, and anticipate initial sales in many of these states by mid-2005. As more fully described in "Transfer of Policy Blocks," Standard Life has entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated carrier to 100% co-insure as of January 1, 2005, and subsequently assume, a block of major medical policies which had approximately $50 million of collected premiums in 2004. This block is marketed and administered by IAC In addition, CA Services will market Madison Life's Major Medical, dental, vision and other insurance products. CA Services and IAC and non-salaried contractors that receive commissions.

IHC anticipates significant growth in this line of business in future years, although growth in 2005 may be dependent on how quickly the Company receives approvals of its policies.

Short-Term Medical

As a result of the acquisition of HPA, the Company will begin selling individual short-term major medical products ("Short-Term") by mid-2005. Short-Term is designed specifically for people with transient needs for health coverage. Typically, Short-Term products are written as major medical coverage with a defined duration, which is normally twelve months or less. Among the typical purchasers of Short-Term products would be self-employed professionals, recent college graduates, individuals between jobs, employed individuals not currently eligible for group insurance, and others who need insurance for a specified period of time. Standard Life and Madison Life anticipate distributing this product in 46 states through HPA, which was founded in 1939. HPA markets nationally through 39,000 insurance agents and brokers. HPA is a non-salaried contractor that receives fees and commissions. IAC will oversee the management of HPA on behalf of SHA.

IHC anticipates growth in this line of business in future years, although in 2005 this may be dependent on how quickly it receives approvals of its policies and completes the transition process for the acquisition of HPA. The Company also believes that it will be able to cross-sell other products through HPA's distribution channels.

Standard Life and Madison Life will begin selling dental and vision products along with their Major Medical products in 2005. In addition, the Company is evaluating other opportunities to market dental and/or vision through other distribution sources, including HPA and CA Services. The dental would provide indemnity and PPO coverage to both small and large employer and affinity groups. These plans would be available in a variety of deductibles and co-insurance percentages in three coverage categories: Diagnostic/Preventative, Simple Restorative and Prosthodontics. Vision benefits would pay a specified amount toward eye exams and the purchase of eye glasses and contact lenses.

IHC's growth in dental and vision in 2005 will depend on how quickly it develops and receives approvals for stand alone policies, and whether it is successful in acquiring a dental TPA, blocks of business, and/or distribution networks.

Group Disability; Life, Annuities and DBL

Group Long-Term and Short-Term Disability

The Company sells group long-term disability ("LTD") products to employers that wish to provide this benefit to their employees. Depending on an employer's requirements, LTD policies (i) cover between 40% and 90% of insurable salary; (ii) have elimination periods (i.e., the period between the commencement of the disability and the start of benefit payments) of between 30 and 730 days; and (iii) terminate after two, five or ten years, or extend to age 65 or the employee's Social Security normal retirement date. Benefit payments are reduced by social security, workers compensation, pension benefits and other income replacement payments. Optional benefits are available to employees, including coverage for partial or residual disabilities, survivor benefits and cost of living adjustments.

The Company also markets short-term disability ("STD") policies that provide a weekly benefit to disabled employees until the earlier of: recovery from disability, eligibility for long-term disability benefits or the end of the STD benefit period.

Madison Life's disability products are primarily sold in the Midwest to school districts, municipalities and hospital employer groups through a managing general agent ("MGA") that specializes in these target markets. The Company also sells through independent general agents and agents. These general agents are paid commissions based upon the amount of premiums produced.

The Company intends to increase sales by targeting its existing MGU relationships, and maximizing its traditionally strong sales to school districts, municipalities and hospital employer groups.

Standard Life markets a short-term statutory disability benefit product in New York State ("DBL"). All companies with more than one employee in New York State are required to provide DBL insurance for their employees. DBL coverage provides temporary cash payments to replace wages lost as a result of disability due to non-occupational injury or illness. The DBL policy provides for (i) payment of 50% of salary to a maximum of $170 per week; (ii) a maximum of 26 weeks in a consecutive 52 week period; and (iii) benefit commencement on the eighth consecutive day of disability. Policies covering fewer than 50 employees have fixed rates approved by the New York State Insurance Department. Policies covering 50 or more employees are individually underwritten. The DBL business is marketed primarily through independent general agents who are paid commissions based upon the amount of premiums produced. Standard Life anticipates expanding its DBL business through the addition of general agents, s trategic marketing alliances and the acquisition of blocks of business. Effective July 1, 2004, Standard Life began reinsuring 20% of DBL to AMIC.

Group Term Life and Annuities

Madison Life sells group term life products which are marketed primarily to the same customers that purchase its group LTD and STD products. These products include group term life, accidental death and dismemberment ("AD&D"), supplemental life and supplemental AD&D and dependent life. Madison Life's group term life products are distributed by the same MGA and independent general agents and agents that distribute its group disability products, with compensation based upon the amount of premiums produced. As with its group disability business, the Company intends to expand its sales of these group term life products through these distribution sources.

Standard Life distributes group term life insurance products through MGUs (including its Medical Stop-Loss MGUs), HMOs, general agents and brokers. The independent general agents and agents or brokers who market these products are paid commissions, and the MGUs and HMOs that market these products receive administrative fees. Standard Life markets in 45 states specialized defined benefit and defined contribution service award programs, together with separate group life coverage, to Volunteer Emergency Services personnel. These products are distributed through independent general agents who are paid commissions.

Individual Life, Annuities and Other

This category includes: (i) insurance products that are in runoff as a result of the Insurance Group's decision to discontinue writing such products; (ii) blocks of business that were acquired from other insurance companies; (iii) individual life and annuities written through Madison Life's military and civilian government employee division; (iv) blanket accident insurance sold through a specialized general agent; and (v) certain miscellaneous insurance products.

The following lines of Standard Life's in-force business are in runoff: individual accident and health, individual life, single premium immediate annuities, disability income, accidental medical, accidental death and AD&D insurance for athletes, executives and entertainers, and miscellaneous insurance business. Madison Life's runoff in this category consists of existing blocks of individual life (including pre-need (i.e., funeral expense coverage), traditional and interest-sensitive life blocks which were acquired in from 1998 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003),to 2003, individual accident and health products, annual and single premium deferred annuity contracts and individual annuity contracts.

In 2000, Madison Life began marketing an individual life product (with annuity and accumulation fund riders) to military and civilian government employees, primarily through payroll deduction, as a result of Madison Life's acquisition in 1999 of a block of this business with $78.0 million in reserves. This business, which is distributed through independent general agents and brokers who receive commissions, generated premiums of $5.1 million and $3.6 million in 2004 and $2.3 million of premiums in 2003, and 2002, respectively, which represented a 56.5% increase. Madison Life expects to expand the distribution of this product in 2004.

42% increase year over year.

Credit Life and Disability

Madison Life sells credit life and disability products that insure a debtor for a value and duration not to exceed the amount and repayment term of the indebtedness. Credit insurance is composed of two basic types of coverage: (i) credit life insurance provides for a lump sum benefit paid to the creditor upon the death of the insured debtor to extinguish or reduce the balance of indebtedness; and (ii) credit disability insurance provides a monthly benefit/indemnity (usually a sum equal to the scheduled monthly loan payment) paid to the creditor in the event of

the insured debtor's total disability until the debtor recovers or is able to return to gainful employment or until the scheduled expiration of the insurance coverage, whichever first occurs.

Generally, Madison Life's credit insurance coverage parameters are: (i) at inception of coverage, insureds must be under age 70 for life and under age 66 for disability; (ii) life coverage until the insured attains the age of 71 and disability coverage until the insured attains the age of 66; (iii) maximum life benefit of $110,000 and maximum aggregate disability benefit of $84,000; (iv) maximum monthly disability indemnity/benefit of $1,000;$1,200; and (v) maximum term of coverage of 120 months. Over 80%70% of Madison Life's credit insurance net written premium is derived from financial institutions (banks, thrifts, credit unions and finance companies). Madison Life also markets through entities that arrange for the extension of credit (e.g., automobile, marine and motorcycle dealerships). Its credit insurance products are marketed and distributed by non-salaried general agents and brokers who receive commissions or service fees. Madison Life anticipates nominal expansion in its credit line in 20 04.05.

The following table sets forth gross direct and assumed earned premiums and premiums earned of the Insurance Group by principal product for the years indicated (in thousands):

GROSS DIRECT AND ASSUMED EARNED PREMIUMS

PREMIUMS EARNED

The following table summarizes the aggregate life insurance in-force of the Insurance Group (in thousands):

MGU EQUITY INVESTMENTSSTRATEGIC DISTRIBUTION RELATIONSHIPS

MGUs are the principal distribution source for the Company's Medical Stop-Loss line of business. MGUs receive fee income, generally 8% to 12% of gross premium produced by them on behalf of the insurance carriers they represent, and typically are entitled to additional income based on underwriting results.

In order to assure itself of a captive distribution network and to further participate in fee income as well as underwriting profit, the Company has made equity investments in Medical Stop-Loss MGUs through which it writes business. The Company and its affiliates currently have significant equity investments in 7nine MGUs, including the AMIC MGUs and IHC MGUs. The Company anticipates that taken as a whole, these MGUs will continue to contribute a high percentage of the Insurance Group's premiums in this line of business in 2004. IHC2005.

HPA is currently the sole administrator for the Company's Short-Term products. IAC receives a management fee for providing senior management to HPA and its affiliatescertain IAC employees provide services to HPA pursuant to an Administrative Outsourcing Arrangement. Standard Life and Madison Life market their Major Medical products exclusively either through IAC and CA Services.

TRANSFER OF POLICY BLOCKS

Effectiveas of January 1, 2005, Standard Life entered into a Reinsurance and Assumption Agreement with an unaffiliated insurer pursuant to which Standard Security agreed to assume approximately $50 million of employer-sponsored group major medical premium, subject to receiving regulatory approvals. Prior to receiving such approvals, such insurer will cede, on a 100% quota share basis, this premium to Standard Life. New business will continue to seek additional strategic MGU investments.be written on such other company's paper, and reinsured 100% by Standard Life, until such time as Standard Life has approved policies in the applicable states.

PURCHASE OF POLICY BLOCKSIn June 2004, the Company acquired a block of individual annuity and supplementary contracts and life policies through an assumption reinsurance transaction. The block had reserves of $26.6 million. Madison Life assumed responsibility for administration of the block on September 1, 2004.

In December 2003, the Company acquired three blocks of annuity and life policies with reserves in excess of $92 million. Madison Life acquired two of these blocks of business from active companies. One block consisted of individual annuity contracts with reserves of $56.5 million. The other block primarily consisted of individual annuity contracts plus some supplementary contracts with a total reserve transfer of $15.1 million. Standard Life acquired the third block, which primarily consisted of individual life insurance and some annuities. The reserves transferred to Standard Life in this acquisition were $21 million. The business is being administered through Madison Life's systems and is partially reinsured to Madison Life.

Over the period 1998 - 2001, Madison Life acquired 11two blocks of business with effective dates in 2000. One was a small credit insurance block purchased from a company that was voluntarily liquidating. The other was a block of universal life polices with reserves totaling $195.3of $14.7 million purchased from active companies, from the National Organizationa company that was exiting this line of Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Associations ("NOLHGA") on behalf of the receivers of liquidated companies, and from state insurance guarantee associations. These blocks were comprised of various types of policies, including individual life and annuity policies, pre-need and burial policies, disability income policies, and credit life and disability policies. The Company will continue to review actively acquisitions, and believes that it is well positioned to consummate additional acquisitions should the opportunity arise.business.

REINSURANCE AND POLICY RETENTION LIMITS

The Company has increased its average 2004 retention of the first $1 million of Medical Stop-Loss exposure to approximately 36%34% in 2004from 30% in 2003. In addition, in 2004, Standard Life and Madison Life will cede,also ceded, on average, 18.5%19.3% of their Medical Stop-Loss business to their affiliate, Independence American Insurance Company.American. Standard Life continues to retain 100%retained 80% of DBL premium and retentionswith the balance ceded, as of July 1, 2004, to Independence American. Retentions on other lines of business will remainremained relatively constant in 2004. The Company has sufficient capital to retain even greater risk, but it purchases quota share reinsurance and excess reinsurance in amounts deemed appropriate by its risk committee. The Company monitors its retention amounts by product line, and has the ability to adjust its retention as appropriate.

Reinsurance is used to reduce the potentially adverse financial impact of large individual or group risks, and to reduce the strain on statutory income and surplus related to new business. By using reinsurance, the Insurance Group is able to write policies in amounts larger than it could otherwise accept. The amount reinsured is the portion of each policy in excess of the retention limit on a particular policy. Maximum net retention limits for Standard Life at December 31, 20032004 were: (i) $210,000 per life on individual life and corresponding disability waiver of premium; (ii) no retention on accidental death benefits provided by rider to individual life policies; (iii) $500,000 on any one medical stop-loss claim; (iv) $2,500 of monthly benefits on disability income policies; and (v) $25,000 on its special disability business. For certain treaty years, Standard Life also maintains stop-loss and catastrophe reinsurance reinsurance in order to protect against particularly adverse morta litymortality which mightm ight occur with respect to its overall life business.

At December 31, 2003,2004, maximum net monthly retention limits on any one life for Madison Life were: (i) $5,000 per month on group long-term disability insurance; (ii) $1,400 per week on group short-term disability insurance; (iii) $175,000$87,500 per individual on group term life, accidental death benefits, including supplemental life and accidental death and dismemberment; (iv) $125,000 on substandard ordinary life, group credit life, group family life and individual ordinary life; (v) $400,000$500,000 on any one medical stop-loss claim; (vi) $1,200 per month on credit disability insurance; and (vii) $1,000 monthly benefit on individual accident and health insurance.

The following reinsurers represent 77.3%79.4% of the total ceded premium for the year ended December 31, 2003:2004:

The Insurance Group remains liable with respect to the insurance in-force which has been reinsured in the unlikely event that the assuming reinsurers are unable to satisfy their obligations. The Insurance Group cedes business (i) to its affiliate, Independence American, Insurance Company, (ii) to individual reinsurance companies that are rated "A" or better by Best or (iii) upon provision of adequate security. The ceding of reinsurance does not discharge the primary liability of the original insurer to the insured. Since the risks under the Insurance Group's business are primarily short-term, there would be limited exposure as a result of a change in a reinsurer's creditworthiness during the term of the reinsurance. At December 31, 20032004 and 2002,2003, the Insurance Group's ceded reinsurance in-force was $3.2$3.3 billion and $3.1$3.2 billion, respectively.

For further information pertaining to reinsurance, reference is made to Note 1718 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

INVESTMENTS AND RESERVES

More than 96.3%98.4% of the Company's securities portfolio is managed by employees of IHC and its affiliates, and ultimate investment authority rests with IHC's in-house investment group. As a result of the nature of IHC's insurance liabilities, IHC endeavors to maintain a significant percentage of its assets in investment grade securities, cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2003,2004, approximately 96.3%99.1% of the fixed maturities were investment grade. The internal investment group provides a summary of the investment portfolio and the performance thereof at the meetings of the Board of Directors.

As required by insurance laws and regulations, the Insurance Group establishes reserves to meet obligations on policies in-force. These reserves are amounts which, with additions from premiums expected to be received and with interest on such reserves at certain assumed rates, are calculated to be sufficient to meet anticipated future policy obligations. Premiums and reserves are based upon certain assumptions with respect to mortality, morbidity on health insurance, lapses and interest rates effective at the time the polices are issued. The Insurance Group also establishes appropriate reserves for substandard business, annuities and additional policy benefits, such as waiver of premium and accidental death. Standard Life and Madison Life are also required by law to have an annual cash flowasset adequacy analysis, which, in general, projects the amount and timing of cash flows to the estimated maturity date of liabilities, prepared by the certifying actuary for each insurance company. Standa rdcompany . Standard Life and Madison Life invest their respective assets, which support the reserves and other funds in accordance with applicable insurance law, under the supervision of their respective Boards of Directors. The Company manages interest rate risk seeking to maintain a portfolio with a duration and average life that falls within the band of the duration and average life of the applicable liabilities. The Company utilizes options to modify the duration and average life of the assets.

Under Wisconsin insurance law, there are restrictions relating to the percentage of an insurer's admitted assets that may be invested in a specific issuer or in the aggregate in a particular type of investment. With respect to the portion of an insurer's assets equal to its liabilities plus a statutorily-determined security surplus amount, a Wisconsin insurer cannot, for example, invest more than a certain percentage of its assets in non-amortizable evidences of indebtedness, securities of any one person (other than a subsidiary and the United States government), or common stock of any corporation and its affiliates (other than a subsidiary).

Under New York insurance law, there are restrictions relating to the amount of an insurer's admitted assets that may be invested in a specific issuer or in the aggregate in a particular type of investment. For example, a New York life insurer cannot invest more than a certain percentage of its admitted assets in common or preferred shares of any one institution, obligations secured by any one property (other than those issued, guaranteed or insured by the United States or any state government or agency thereof), or medium and lower grade obligations. In addition, there are certain qualitative investment restrictions.

The following table reflects the asset value in dollars (in thousands) and as a percentage of total investments of the Company as of December 31, 2003:2004:

INVESTMENTS BY TYPE

At December 31, 2003, 96.3%2004, 99.1% of the Company's fixed maturities were investment grade. The composition of the Company's fixed maturities at December 31, 2003,2004, utilizing Standard and Poor's rating categories, was as follows:

GRADE					% INVESTED
AAA					49.9%52.4%
AA					2.1%2.6%
A					10.8%14.0%
BBB					33.5%30.1%
BB or lower					3.7%0.9%
					100.0%

The Company's total pre-tax investment performance for each of the last three years is summarized below, including amounts recognized in net income, and unrealized gains and losses recognized in stockholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive income:income or loss:

The net unrealized (losses) gains recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets represent the net change occurring during the year, prior to adjustments for deferred acquisition costs and deferred income taxes.

COMPETITION AND REGULATION

The Company competes with many larger insurance companies, HMOs and other managed care organizations. Although most life insurance companies are stock companies, mutual companies also write life insurance in the United States. Mutual companies may have certain competitive advantages since profits inure directly to the benefit of the policyholders. HMOs may also have certain competitive advantages since they are subject to different regulations than insurance companies.

IHC is an insurance holding company; as such, IHC and the Insurance Group are subject to regulation and supervision by the insurance supervisory agencies of New York in the case of Standard Life and Wisconsin in the case of Madison Life. Each of Standard Life and Madison Life is also subject to regulation and supervision in all jurisdictions in which it is licensed to transact business. These supervisory agencies have broad administrative powers with respect to the granting and revocation of licenses to transact business, the licensing of agents, the approval of policy forms, the approval of commission rates, the form and content of mandatory financial statements, reserve requirements and the types and maximum amounts of investments which may be made. Such regulation is primarily designed for the benefit of policyholders rather than the stockholders of an insurance company or holding company.

Certain transactions within the holding company system are also subject to regulation and supervision by such regulatory agencies. Terms of all such transactions must be fair and reasonable. Notice to or prior approval by the home state insurance department is required with respect to transactions affecting the ownership or control of a domestic insurer and of certain material transactions, including extraordinary dividend declarations, between an insurer and any person in its holding company system. Under New York and Wisconsin insurance laws, "control" is defined as the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person. Under New York law, control is presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls or holds with the power to vote ten percent or more of the voting securities of any other person; in Wisconsin, the presumption is defined as to more than ten percent of the voting securit ies of another person. Under New York law, an agreement to acquire control of an insurer domiciled in one of those states must be approved by the Commissioner of Insurance of that state. Under Wisconsin law, the Commissioner of Insurance has the right to disapprove an agreement to acquire control of a Wisconsin-domiciled insurer. In both states, the acquisition of control of a domestic insurer needs to be approved in advance by the Commissioner of Insurance. See Note 1920 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 for information as to restrictions on the ability of the Company's insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends.

Risk-based capital requirements are imposed on life and property and casualty insurance companies. The risk-based capital ratio is determined by dividing an insurance company's total adjusted capital, as defined, by its authorized control level risk-based capital. Companies that do not meet certain minimum standards require specified corrective action. The risk-based capital ratios for each of Standard Life and Madison Life exceed such minimum ratios.

EMPLOYEES

The Company has 161264 employees.

ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

IHC

IHC has entered into a renewable short-term arrangement with Geneve Corporation for the use of 6,750 square feet of office space as its corporate headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut.

Standard Life

Standard Life leases 13,000 square feet of office space in New York, New York as its corporate headquarters, 3,000 square feet of office space in Farmington, New York for its DBL claims processing center and 800 square feet of office space in Heathrow, Florida for a marketing office.

Madison Life

Madison Life leases 16,80017,500 square feet of office space in Middleton, Wisconsin as its corporate headquarters, 3,900 square feet in Birmingham, Alabama for its military and government individual life and annuity division, 1,300 square feet in Austin, Texas for executive office space, 1,200 square feet in San Francisco, California for a majority owned stop-loss MGU and 2,400 square feet in Wilkesboro, North Carolina for its credit agency.

Majestic Underwriters LLC

Majestic leases 7,050 square feet of office space in Troy, Michigan as its corporate headquarters and 984 square feet in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Strategic Health Associates

SHA leases 8,002 square feet of office space in Rockford, Illinois as its corporate headquarters, 4,083 square feet in Tampa, Florida and 210 square feet in Pewaukee, Wisconsin.

ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company knows of no material pending legal proceedings to which it is a party or of which any of its property is the subject.

ITEM 4.SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None.

PART II

ITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED

STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

On July 15, 2004, the Company moved the listing of IHC common stock to the New York Stock Exchange. The Company's common stock now trades under the symbol IHC. Prior to that the common stock traded on the NASDAQ National Market tier ofat the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol INHO. The following tabulation shows the high and low sales prices for IHC's common stock.

IHC's stock price closed at $18.45 on December 31, 2004.

At March 8, 2004,February 28, 2005, the number of record holders of IHC's common stock was 1,177.1,119.

IHC declared a special 80% stock dividend on June 8, 2004, which was distributed on July 2, 2004. The transaction was accounted for as a stock split effected in the form of a dividend. All share and per share disclosures in this Form10-K have been retroactively restated to reflect such dividend.

IHC declared a cash dividend of $.05$.025 per share on its common stock on each of June 9, 2004 and November 23, 2004 for a total annual dividend of $.05 per share.

IHC declared a cash dividend of $.0278 per share on its common stock on November 18, 2003 and November 13, 2002.2003.

The Company's website is www.independenceholding.com.

ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following is a summary of selected consolidated financial data of the Company for each of the last five years.

The Selected Financial Data should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

OVERVIEW

The Company is a holding company principally engaged in health insurance throughout the United States, and is a leader in the medical stop-loss industry nationally. The Company operates through its two insurance carriers (Standard Life and Madison Life), Strategic Health Associates Inc ("SHA") and its 39%40% ownership interest in American Independence Corp. ("AMIC"), which owns medical stop-loss managing general underwriters (MGUs). Through its ownership of AMIC and other MGUs, IHC controls a majorityapproximately 73% of the production sources for this core product, while maintaining profitability through disciplined underwriting. Through its ownership of Health Plan Administrators Inc. ("HPA"), IHC controls the distribution of its short-term medical products. Through its ownership interest in CA Insurance Services ("CA Services") and its contractual relationship with Insurers Administrative Corporation ("IAC"), the Company controls the distribution of its gro up major medical products. IHC also writes group disability/DBL, group life and annuities, individual life and annuities, and credit life and disability.These lines of business are targeted to niche markets. The majority of group life and disability business is focused in the upper Midwest school and public entity markets. The DBL business is written in New York State and administered through Standard Life's efficient web-based back office. Individual life and annuities are written under a nation-wide program for volunteer emergency service personnel. OurThe credit life and disability business is marketed through a select group of producers.

While management considers a wide range of factors in its strategic planning and decision-making, underwriting profit is consistently emphasized as the primary goal in all decisions as to whether or not to increase our retention in a core line, expand into new products, acquire an entity or a block of business, or otherwise change our business model. Management's assessment of trends in healthcare and morbidity, with respect to medical stop-loss, major medical, short-term medical, dental, disability and DBL; mortality rates with respect to life insurance, and changes in market conditions in general play a significant role in determining the rates charged, deductibles and attachment points quoted, and the percentage of business retained. In addition, the Company's acquisition group assesses opportunities to acquire blocks of business based on the amount of reserves transferred and current interest rates. Finally, management focuses on managing the costs of our operations, which contributedcontribut es to the Company's consistent profitability.

The following is a summary of key events for 2003:events:

• Net income of $18.6$22.9 million ($2.351.60 per share, diluted); 23.4% increase of 19% from 20022003;

• Revenues of $187.9$225.7 million; 8%20.1% increase from 20022003;

• Assets of $897$968.5 million; 20.6%7.8% increase from 20022003;

• Book value of $21.86$13.39 per share; 10.2%10.3% increase from 20022003;

• On July 15, 2004, moved the listing of IHC common stock to the New York Stock Exchange. The Company's stock now trades under the symbol "IHC";

• Increased ownershipthe cash dividend 80% and began paying this dividend semi-annually;

• Declared an 80% stock dividend resulting in shareholders as of the record date June 18, 2004, receiving eight additional shares for every 10 shares owned;

• Effective July 1, 2004, together with AMIC, acquired a 75% interest in American Independence Corp. to 39% at December 31, 2003 from 19.9% at December 31, 2002a medical stop-loss MGU with approximately $41 million of annualized premium;

• As of January 1, 2005, reinsured, on a 100% quota share basis, a block of $50 million of major medical policies administered by IAC which will be assumed upon receiving regulatory approval;

• On January 5, 2005, acquired HPA, a TPA that specializes in short-term and temporary medical insurance products which had a block of $23 million in 2004;

• On March 1, 2005, SHA acquired a 30% interest in CA Services, which will telemarket major medical and other products for Madison Life;

• IHC will begin writing group major medical in 36 states and short-term medical in 46 states in 2005;

• Increased retention of medical stop-loss premium at Standard Life and Madison Life to an average of 34% in 2004 from 30% in 2003 fromand 28% in 20022002;

• Generated consolidated investment incomeyield of 6.2% in 2004, as compared to 6.5% in 2003; interest income equaled 2002 (despite general trend of lower interest rates in 2003) due to increased investments in mortgage securities, high quality corporate bonds and preferred stock

• Investment portfolio continues to have an average AA rating and remains highly liquidliquid; and

• 89%96.6% of the Insurance Group's invested assets in investment grade fixed-income securities, cash and cash equivalents, resale agreements and policy loans; only 3.7%.9% held directly in non-investment grade bonds and a negligible amount in mortgage loansloans.

• Acquired 3 blocks of business with total reserves in excess of $92 million

• Issued $22 million in trust preferred securities and entered into a new $12.5 million debt facility

In recent years, we have experienced beneficial market changes in our core lines of business, however, most insurance business is cyclical. While the rates charged for medical stop-loss are increasing at a lesser rate than in recent years, increases in medical trend are also being held in check to a greater extent and deductibles and attachment points have increased, which reduces IHC's risk exposure. The Company remains optimistic that it will continue to produce profitable results while still growing its core businesses.

Prior to November 2002, the Insurance Group included equity interests in two managing general underwriters: IndependenceCare Holdings LLC ("IndependenceCare") and Risk Assessment Strategies, Inc. ("RAS") and a Delaware property and casualty insurer, Independence American Insurance Company ("Independence American", formerly known as First Standard Security Insurance Company). On June 30, 2002, the Company acquired the remaining shares of common stock and preferred stock held by minority shareholders to increase its ownership of RAS to 100%. On November 14, 2002, the Company sold the stock of First Standard Holdings Corp., which owned 100% of the stock of IndependenceCare, RAS and Independence American, to AMIC for $31.9 million in cash. At such time, IHC owned 19.9% of the stock of AMIC. The sale of FSHC resulted in a $4.6 million gain, net of tax ($8.1 million pre-tax) to the Company. On April 22, 2003, IHC completed a cash tender offer and acquired an additional 1one million shares of AMIC.AMIC . Following the tender offer, IHC owned 31.7% of the stock of AMIC. On December 22, 2003, IHC purchased an additional 613,401 shares (or 7.3% of the outstanding shares in AMIC) in open market and private transactions, and on June 15, 2004, IHC purchased an additional 94,488 shares which brought IHC's percentage of ownership in AMIC to 39%40%. Two representatives of IHC are directors of AMIC and AMIC's operations are substantially being directed by the management of IHC.

Information pertaining to the Company's business segments is provided in Note 1819 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principlesU.S. generally accepted in the United Statesaccounting principles ("GAAP") and to general practices within the insurance industry. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies can be foundis provided in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. Management has identified the accounting policies described below as those that, due to the judgments, estimates and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of the Company's consolidated financial statements and management's discussion and analysis.

Insurance Reserves

The Company maintains loss reserves to cover its estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, including legal and other fees as well as a portion of the Company's general expenses, for reported and unreported claims incurred as of the end of each accounting period.

The Company computes insurance policy benefitsreserves primarily using the net premium method based on anticipated investment yield, mortality (morbidity on health insurance) and withdrawals. Liabilities for insurance policy benefitsreserves on certain short-term medical coverages were computed using completion factors and expected loss ratios derived from actual historical premium and claim data. These methods are widely used in the life and health insurance industry to estimate the liabilities for insurance policy benefits.reserves. Inherent in these calculations are management and actuarial judgments and estimates (within industry standards) which could significantly impact the ending reserve liabilities and, consequently, operating results. Actual results may differ, and these estimates are subject to interpretation and change. Management believes that the Company's method of estimating the liabilities for insurance policy benefits provides a reasonably accurate levelreserves provided appropriate levels of reserves at December 31, 2003, however , if2004 and 2003. Changes in the Company's reserves estimates are insufficient to cover its actual losses and loss adjustment expenses, the Company would have to augment its reserves and incurrecorded throu gh a charge or credit to its earnings, and these charges could be material.earnings.

Premium Revenue Recognition

Premiums from short-duration contracts are recognized as revenue over the period of the contracts in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided. Premiums from long duration contracts are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.

Investments

The Company accounts for its investments in debt and equity securities under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 ("SFAS 115"),Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company has classified all of its investments as available-for-sale or trading securities. These investments are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices with unrealized gains and losses reported in either accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.Sheets for available-for-sale securities or as unrealized gains or losses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for trading securities. Net realized gains and losses on investments are computed using the specific identification method and are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in the accompanyingaccompanyi ng Consolidated Statements of Operations as net realized losses. The factors considered by management in determining when a decline is other than temporary include bu tbut are not limited to: the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in ratings announced by one or more rating agencies; whether the issuer of a debt security has remained current on principal and interest payments; whether the decline in fair value appears to be issuer specific or, alternatively, a reflection of general market or industry conditions; and the Company's intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value. For securities within the scope of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 99-20, such as purchased interest-only securities, an impairment loss is recognized when there has been a decrease in expected cash flows combined with a decline in the security's fair value belowb elow cost.

2004 COMPARED TO 2003

Net income was $22.9 million, or $1.60 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to $18.6 million, or $1.30 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2003. The Company's income before taxes increased $4.9 million to $33.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $28.7 million for 2003. The Company had net realized and unrealized gains of $2.4 million in the year ended 2004 compared to $.3 million in 2003. Income tax expense increased $.6 million to $10.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2004 from $10.1 million in 2003, primarily reflecting the increase in income before taxes, partially offset by a 2004 tax benefit related to the policyholders' surplus account. Under provisions of the Life Insurance Company Tax Act of 1959, life insurance companies were allowed certain special deductions for Federal income tax purposes that were accumulated in a memorandum tax account designated as "policyholders' surplus." Distributions of the untaxe d amounts in this account would result in the Company incurring an additional tax. The Company provided tax expense of $1.1 million in 1992 and prior years for taxes related to the policyholders' surplus account. As a result of the October 2004 enactment of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, the Company reduced 2004 income tax expense by $1.1 million for the reversal of the prior years' income tax provisions. The Company intends to implement the distribution requirements of this tax law which will eliminate any future policyholders' surplus account tax.

Insurance Group

The Insurance Group's pre-tax income increased $5.2 million to $36.0 million in 2004 from $30.8 million in 2003. These results include net realized and unrealized gains of $2.2 million in 2004 compared to $.2 million in 2003.

Premium revenues grew $24.7 million to $174.1 million in 2004 from $149.4 million in 2003; premium revenues increased $7.1 million at Madison Life and $17.6 million at Standard Life. The change at Madison Life is comprised of increases of: $4.2 million in the medical stop-loss line of business due to higher volume; $1.0 million from the ordinary life lines; $.8 million from the LTD line; $.6 million from the Group A&H lines from business assumed in 2004; $.3 million from the credit lines due to increased writings; and $.2 million from the GTL line. The change at Standard Life is comprised of the following increases: $16.9 million in medical stop-loss premiums due to higher volume in 2004; $1.0 million in the VFD line due to increased production; $.9 million in the ordinary life line; and $.5 million from blanket due to increased retention; partially offset by decreases of $.9 million in provider excess due to the termination of a reinsurance contract; and $.8 million from DBL due t o the 20% coinsurance agreement with Independence American.

Total net investment income of the Insurance Group increased $6.1 million, primarily due to an increase in investable assets. The annualized return on investments of the Insurance Group was 6.0% for the year 2004 and 6.4% for the year 2003.

Equity income from AMIC increased $.1 million primarily due to the increase in ownership, partially offset by a decrease in AMIC's net income.

Other income increased $3.5 million primarily due to MGU fee income generated from the acquisition of Majestic.

Insurance benefits, claims and reserves increased $23.8 million, reflecting increases of $7.9 million at Madison Life and $15.9 million at Standard Life. Madison Life's increase resulted from: a $2.8 million increase from interest credited on universal life and annuity policies; a $1.6 million increase in the stop-loss line from growth in the business; a $1.4 million increase in LTD due to higher claims; a $.8 million increase in the ordinary life due to the fourth quarter of 2003 acquisitions; a $1.0 million increase in GTL due to higher losses; and a $.4 million increase from Group A&H due to higher claims; partially offset by a $.1 million decrease from all other lines. The change at Standard Life is comprised of: higher claims and reserves of $14.5 million from the medical stop-loss line due to greater volume and an increase in claims experience; an increase in reserves of $1.5 million attributable to the ordinary life line of business that the Company assumed in November 2003; an increase of $1.1 million in VFD from greater volume and a $.9 million increase from interest credited on annuities; partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease from a provider excess due to the decrease in premiums; a $.5 million decrease from DBL due to the coinsurance agreement with Independence American; and a $.5 million decrease from HMO reinsurance due to improved experience.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses for the Insurance Group increased $7.4 million due to increases at Madison Life of $1.0 million, at Standard Life of $6.2 million and $.2 million from other subsidiaries. The increase at Madison Life is due to increased general expenses of $1.4 million due to increased salaries, administrative fees and costs associated with implementation of the internal control reporting requirements and other provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, partially offset by a $.2 million decrease in net commissions and a $.2 million decrease in deferred acquisition costs. The increase at Standard Life is due to increases in: commissions of $3.4 million due to the increase in premiums, general expenses of $.3 million, taxes licenses and fees of $1.2 million, amortization of deferred acquisition costs of $.9 million and minority interest in earnings of acquired companies of $.4 million .

Corporate

The pre-tax loss for corporate increased $.3 million to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. The higher pre-tax loss is primarily attributable to increases in interest expense of $1.4 million due to the increase in debt and general expense of $.3 million primarily from costs related to Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance, partially offset by increases in net investment income of $1.0 million due to an increase in invested assets and other income of $.4 million.

Premium Revenue Recognition

Premiums from short-duration contracts are recognized as revenue over the period of the contracts in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided. Premiums from long duration contracts are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.

2003 COMPARED TO 2002

Net income was $18.6 million, or $2.35$1.30 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2003 compared to $15.8 million, or $1.98$1.10 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2002. The Company's income before taxes increased $3.2 million to $28.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $25.5 million for 2002. The Company had net realized and unrealized gains of $.3 million in 2003 compared to net losses of $7.6 million in 2002. The net loss in 2002 was primarily attributable to other than temporary impairments on certain investment securities (see Liquidity). Decisions to sell securities are based on cash flow needs, investment opportunities and economic and market conditions, thus creating fluctuations in gains and losses from year to year. The $3.2 million increase in income before taxes primarily consisted of: an increase in realized gains of $7.9 million and increases from the stop-loss line and individual annuity and life lines in 2003, partially offset by 2002 gains of $8.1 million on a sale of a subsidiary and $1.3 million on the sale of real estate. Income tax expense increased $.5 million to $10.1 million in 2003 from $9.6 million 2002 reflecting the increase in income before taxes.

Insurance Group

The Insurance Group's income before taxes increased $10.8 million to $30.8 million from $20.0 million in 2002. These results include net realized and unrealized gains of $.2 million in 2003 compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $7.6 million in 2002.

Premium revenues increased $16.5 million to $149.4 million in 2003 from $132.9 million in 2002; premium revenues increased $11.3 million at Madison Life and $5.2 million at Standard Life. The increase at Madison Life is comprised of: a $6.1 million increase in stop-loss premiums due to the introduction of this business at Madison Life in the third quarter of 2002 and the growth each quarter of the line; a $5.1 million increase in the credit line of business primarily due to increased writings; and a $.3 million increase in the long-term disability ("LTD") line; such increases were partially offset by a $.2 million decrease in all other lines. The increase at Standard Life is comprised of: a $12.2 million increase in the medical stop-loss line due to an increase in premiums written; and a $.9 million increase in its HMO reinsurance line due to increased premiums written; partially offset by a $3.7 million decrease in the individual annuity line due to a reinsurance assumption transactio n which positively impacted 2002; a $2.2 million decrease in provider excess due to the sale of Independence American Insurance Company ("IAIC") to AMIC; a $.9 million decrease in the DBL line due to decreased production; a $.7 million decrease in group life due to lower retention; a $.3 million decrease in the point-of-service line due to the cancellation of one large group in the prior year; and a $.1 million decrease from all other lines.

As a result of the Company's decision to reduce its exposure to investment partnerships and decreased income from operating partnerships, total net investment income decreased $1.8 million. The annualized return on investments of the Insurance Group was 6.4% for 2003 and 7.1% in 2002.

Equity income from AMIC increased $4.2 million to $2.3 million in 2003, compared to a $1.9 million loss for 2002. The Company purchased a 19.9% equity interest in AMIC on July 30, 2002. On April 22, 2003, IHC completed a cash tender offer and acquired 1 million shares of AMIC. On December 22, 2003, IHC acquired an additional 613,401 shares of AMIC, bringing IHC's total ownership percentage to 39%. IHC accordingly recorded its percentage of AMIC's net income under the equity method of accounting. The loss of $1.9 million in 2002 relates to the wind-down of AMIC's previous Internet operations. The current year's2003 income is due to positive results from AMIC's insurance operations.

Other income decreased $5.4 million primarily due to the loss of fee income resulting from the sale of IndependenceCare and RAS to AMIC in the fourth quarter of 2002.

Insurance benefits, claims and reserves increased $3.3 million, reflecting an increase of $4.5 million at Madison Life and a decrease of $1.2 million at Standard Life. Madison Life's increase resulted from: a $4.1 million increase in stop-loss reserves due to the growth of this line since its introduction in the third quarter of 2002; a $2.4 million increase in credit life and accident and health reserves due to the increase in premiums; and a $.2 million increase in all other lines of business; partially offset by a $1.3 million decrease in the ordinary life and annuity line due to a decrease from surrenders and interest credited; and a $.9 million decrease in LTD claims and reserves. The change at Standard Life is comprised of: a $3.6 million decrease in the annuity line due to the previously mentioned assumption reinsurance transaction which negatively impacted 2002; a $1.9 million decrease in provider excess reserves resulting from improved experience; a $1.0 million decrease in or dinary life due to the continued runoff of this line; a $.9 million decrease in point of service claims due to the cancellation of one large group as previously mentioned; a $.6 million decrease in DBL claims and reserves due to slightly lower loss ratios; a $.5 million decrease in the behavioral health line due to a reduction in retention; and a $.4 million decrease in group life due to lower retention; partially offset by a $7.6 million increase in medical stop-loss reserves due to the increase in premiums; and a $.1 million increase in all other lines.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses for the Insurance Group increased $7.1 million due to an increase of $4.8 million from Madison Life; a $2.9 million increase from Standard Life; and a decrease of $.6 million from the sale of IndependenceCare to AMIC. Madison Life's expenses increased due to an increase in commission expense of $2.0 million; a $.9 million increase in amortization of deferred acquisition costs from acquisitions; and an increase in general expenses of $3.0 million due to higher administrative fees, salaries and taxes associated with the increase in premium volume; partially offset by a $1.1 million decrease from the sale of RAS to AMIC. Standard Life's increase is due to an increase of $1.4 million in commissions and general expenses due to higher compensation costs and a $1.5 million increase in taxes, licenses and fees.

Corporate

Pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2003 decreased by $7.6 million, representing a loss of $2.1 million in 2003 compared to income of $5.5 million in 2002. This decrease in income is primarily attributable to the gain of $8.1 million in 2002 on the sale of First Standard Holdings Corp. to AMIC; a $1.3 million gain in 2002 on the sale of real estate; and a $.5 million increase in interest expense in 2003 due to the refinancing of existing debt and the issuance of trust preferred securities; partiallyoffset by an increase of $1.8 million in net investment income in 2003 due to a greater amount of invested assets; a $.2 million increase in realized gains; and a $.3 million decrease in all other expenses.

2002 COMPARED TO 2001

Net income was $15.8 million, or $1.98 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2002 compared to $14.4 million, or $1.80 per share, diluted, for the year ended December 31, 2001. The Company's income before taxes increased $3.0 million to $25.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $22.5 million for 2001. The Company had net realized and unrealized losses of $7.6 million in 2002 compared to net gains of $4.3 million in 2001. The net realized and unrealized loss in 2002 is primarily attributable to other than temporary impairments on certain investment securities (see Liquidity). The $3.0 million increase in income before taxes approximately consists of: a pre-tax gain of $8.1 million on the sale of a subsidiary, an increase in profitability from the stop-loss line of business, an increase in income from the group business and a pre-tax gain of $1.3 million on the sale of real estate, partially offset by an increase in net realized and unrealized gains (l osses) of $11.9 million. Income tax expense increased $1.5 million to $9.6 million in 2002 from $8.1 million in 2001 reflecting the increase in income and a higher effective income tax rate in 2002.

Insurance Group

The Insurance Group's income before taxes decreased $6.2 million to $20.0 million in 2002 from $26.2 million in 2001. These results include net realized and unrealized gains (losses) of $7.5 million in 2002 compared to net gains of $4.3 million in 2001.

Premium revenues increased $24.6 million to $132.8 million in 2002 from $108.2 million in 2001; premium revenues increased $2.8 million at Madison Life and $21.8 million at Standard Life. The increase at Madison Life is comprised of: a $1.8 million increase in the credit line of business primarily due to the termination of a reinsurance treaty and the resulting increased retention; a $.8 million increase in stop-loss premiums due to the introduction of this business at Madison Life; a $.6 million increase in the long-term disability ("LTD") line primarily due to rate increases in 2002 and a $.1 million increase in the group life line; such increases were offset by a $.5 million decrease in ordinary life and health premiums due to the run-off of acquisitions. The increase at Standard Life is comprised of: a $16.2 million increase in the medical stop-loss line due to an increase in retention and an increase in premiums written; a $3.3 million increase in its provider excess line due to i ncreased production in 2002; a $.3 million increase in the short-term statutory disability ("DBL") line due to greater production, and a $4.0 million increase in the annuity line of business due to an assumed block of business, partially offset by a $.8 million decrease in point-of-service due to the termination of a large group; a $1.0 million decrease in behavioral health due to reduced retention and a $.2 million decrease in all other lines.

Total net investment income increased $1.7 million primarily due to an increase in assets slightly offset by a decrease in returns on certain market neutral partnerships. The annualized return on investments of the Insurance Group was 7.1% for 2002 and 6.8% in 2001.

Equity loss on AMIC amounted to $1.9 million in 2002, with no comparable amount for 2001. The Company purchased a 19.9% equity interest in AMIC on July 30, 2002 and accordingly recorded 19.9% of AMIC's losses from July 30, 2002 to December 31, 2002 under the equity method of accounting. This loss primarily relates to the wind-down of AMIC's previous Internet operations.

Other income increased $1.2 million due to an increase of $1.0 million in fee income earned at IndependenceCare due to an increase in premiums written in 2002 and $.2 million in additional income earned by RAS. Both of these subsidiaries were sold on November 14, 2002 to AMIC.

Insurance benefits, claims and reserves increased $13.1 million, reflecting an increase of $.2 million at Madison Life and $12.9 million at Standard Life. Madison Life's increase resulted from: a $1.6 million increase in credit life and accident and health reserves due to the increase in premiums; a $.5 million increase in stop-loss reserves due to the introduction of this line of business; and a $.1 million increase in LTD claims and reserves; such increases were offset by: a $1.5 million decrease in group term life reserves due to improved claims experience; a $.3 million decrease in interest expense due to lower rates, and a $.2 million decrease in claims and reserves in other life and health lines of business. The change at Standard Life is comprised of: a $9.9 million increase in medical stop-loss reserves due to the increase in premiums, a $.9 million increase in the HMO reinsurance line due to the increase in losses; a $4.1 million increase in individual annuity reserves resul ting from new business; and a $1.6 increase in the provider excess line due to the increase in volume; partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in personal accident policies due to the commutation of this business in the prior year; a $.6 million decrease in point of service claims due to the decrease in premiums; a $.3 million decrease in DBL claims and reserves due to slightly lower loss ratios; and a $1.1 million decrease in all other lines.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses for the Insurance Group increased $6.9 million. Madison Life's expenses remained constant. Standard Life's expenses increased $6.7 million due to an increase in commission expense of $3.1 million from the increase in volume; an increase of $.8 million in taxes, licenses and fees due to the increase in premiums and an increase in general expenses of $2.8 million due to higher administrative fees associated with the increase in premium volume. IndependenceCare's expenses increased $.2 million due to the increase in premium volume.

Corporate

Pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2002 increased by $9.2 million, representing income of $5.5 million in 2002 compared to a loss of $3.7 million in 2001. This increase in income is primarily attributable to the gain of $8.1 million on the sale of FSHC, a $1.3 million gain on the sale of real estate, a $.2 million increase in other income and a $.4 million decrease in interest expense due to lower interest rates and debt repayments in 2002, partially offset by a decrease of $.4 million in investment income due to lower returns on certain equity investments and an increase of $.4 million in general and administrative expenses due to salary related expenses.

The Company sold its investment in FSHC for $31.9 million. This investment had a carrying value of $21.8 million at the time of sale (including selling expenses), resulting in a pre-tax gain of $10.1 million. Due to the Company's 19.9% equity investment in AMIC, the Company did not recognize 19.9% of this gain. Accordingly, pre-tax income in 2002 includes a gain of $8.1 million on the sale of FSHC.

LIQUIDITY

Insurance Group

The Insurance Group normally provides cash flow from (i) operations; (ii) the receipt of scheduled principal payments on its portfolio of fixed income securities; and (iii) earnings on investments. Such cash flow is used partially to finance liabilities for insurance policy benefits.reserves. These liabilities represent long-term and short-term obligations which are calculated using certain assumed interest rates.

Asset Quality

The nature and quality of insurance company investments must comply with all applicable statutes and regulations which have been promulgated primarily for the protection of policyholders. Of the aggregate carrying value of the Insurance Group's investment assets, approximately 89%96.6% was invested in investment grade fixed income securities, cash and cash equivalents, resale agreements and policy loans and at December 31, 2003.2004. Also at such date, approximately 96.3%99.1% of the Company's fixed maturities were investment grade. These investments carry less default risk and, therefore, lower interest rates than other types of fixed maturity investments. At December 31, 20032004 approximately 3.7%.9% of the carrying value of fixed maturities was invested in diversifieda non-investment grade fixed income securitiessecurity (investments in such securities have different risks than investment grade securities, including greater risk of loss upon default, and thinner trading markets). The Company does not have any mortgage loansloa ns or non-performing fixed maturities.

The Company reviews its investments regularly and monitors its investments continually for impairments. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company recorded a realized loss for other than temporary impairments on securities not yet sold of $.6 million, $5.2 million and $7.2 million, respectively. In 2004, 2003 and 2002, $.4 million, $5.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of the loss relates to an interest related impairment recognized on certain interest only securities ("IO Securities") resulting from unexpected prepayments of the mortgage obligations underlying the IO Securities due to falling interest rates. The Company has invested in IO Securities to help actively manage its interest rate exposure. Typically these securities account for less than 2% of IHC's total portfolio assets and are rated AAA or better. In a rising interest rate environment, IO Securities will increase in value which acts to mitigate the unrealized loss on the balance of the bondb ond portfolio. In a decreasing interest rate environment, IO Sec uritiesSecurities will decline in value, but there will be an unrealized gain in the rest of the bond portfolio. Although these securities performed as expected, the Company applies the methodology of Emerging Issues Task Force 99-20, "Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment of Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets" ("EITF 99-20") in determining when an IO Security is considered other than temporarily impaired. The Company recorded arecords realized loss in both 2003 and 2002losses under EITF 99-20 sincewhen there had beenis a decrease in expected cash flows combined with a decline in the IO Securities' fair value below cost.

The Company's gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities totaled $7.9$9.3 million at December 31, 2003.2004. Substantially all of these securities were investment grade. The unrealized losses, primarily within the corporate securities portfolio, have been evaluated in accordance with the Company's policy and were determined to be temporary in nature at December 31, 2003.2004. The Company holds all securitiesfixed maturities as available-for-sale and accordingly marks all of its securities to fair value through accumulated other comprehensive income.income or loss.

Share Repurchase Program

IHC has a program, initiated in 1991, under which it repurchases shares of its common stock. In 2002,June 2004, the Board of Directors authorized an additional 250,000 shares to be repurchased under the 1991 plan.450,000 share repurchase. As of December 31, 2003, 150,4542004, 420,037 shares were still authorized to be repurchased under the plan. This repurchase plan, like the 450,000 share repurchase authorized in 2002, is a continuation of a program initiated in 1991 as described in Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table summarizes information with respect to the share repurchase program:

Risk Management

The Company manages interest rate risk by seeking to maintain a portfolio with a duration and average life that falls within the band of the duration and average life of the applicable liabilities. Options may be utilized to modify the duration and average life of such assets; see Note 1(F)(iv) of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following summarizes the estimated pre-tax change in fair value (based upon hypothetical parallel shifts in the U.S. Treasury yield curve) of the fixed income portfolio assuming immediate changes in interest rates at specified levels at December 31, 2003:2004:

The Company monitors its investment portfolio on a continuous basis and believes that the liquidity of the Insurance Group will not be adversely affected by its current investments. This monitoring includes the maintenance of an asset-liability model that matches current insurance liability cash flows with current investment cash flows. This is accomplished by first creating an insurance model of the Company's in-force policies using current assumptions on mortality, lapses and expenses. Then, current investments are assigned to specific insurance blocks in the model using appropriate prepayment schedules and future reinvestment patterns.

The results of the model specify whether the investments and their related cash flows can support the related current insurance cash flows. Additionally, various scenarios are developed changing interest rates and other related assumptions. These scenarios help evaluate the market risk due to changing interest rates in relation to the business of the Insurance Group.

In the Company's analysis of the asset-liability model, a 100 to 200 basis point change in interest rates on the Insurance Group's liabilities would not be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. With respect to its liabilities, if interest rates were to increase, the risk to the Company is that policies would be surrendered and assets would need to be sold. This is not a material exposure to the Company since a large portion of the Insurance Group's interest sensitive policies are burial policies that are not subject to the typical surrender patterns of other interest sensitive policies, and many of the Insurance Group's universal life and annuity policies come from liquidated companies which tend to exhibit lower surrender rates than such policies of continuing companies. Additionally, there are charges to help offset the benefits being surrendered. If interest rates were to decrease substantially, the risk to the Company is that some of its investment assets would be subject to early redemption. This is not a material exposure because the Company would have additional gains in its portfolio to help offset the future reduction of investment income. With respect to its investments, the Company employs (from time to time as warranted) investment strategies to mitigate interest rate and other market exposures.

Balance Sheet

Total investments and cash and cash equivalents increased $107.1$81.4 million at December 31, 20032004 largely due to the net cash of $22.0 million provided by operating activities; cash of $25.8 million received in the purchase of policy blocks inblocks; and net proceeds of $14.5 million from the fourth quarterissuance of 2003.debt. The $25.9 million increasedecrease in insurance policy benefits andreserves-health of $7.8 million is due to the $90.4timing of claims payments. The $36.8 million increase in funds on deposit is primarily a result of the purchase of individual annuity policies in the fourthsecond quarter of 2003.2004. The Company issued $22.7$15.5 million in junior subordinated debt securities to its wholly owneda wholly-owned unconsolidated trusts,trust during 2003.2004. The $15.2$20.0 million increase in total stockholders' equity is due to net income generated in the year ended December 31, 2003,2004, partially offset by a decrease in unrealized gains on investments and by the net purchasepurchases of the Company's common stock.

The Company had net receivables from reinsurers of $122.5$115.0 million at December 31, 2003.2004. Substantially all of the business ceded to such reinsurers is of short duration. All of such receivables are either due from itsthe Company's affiliate, Independence American, highly rated companies or are adequately secured. No allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary at December 31, 2003.2004. As of December 31, 2003,2004, the balance due from Independence American is $11.0$10.9 million.

Corporate

Corporate derives its funds principally from: (i) dividends and interest income from the Insurance Group; (ii) management fees from its subsidiaries; and (iii) investment income from Corporate liquidity. Regulatory constraints historically have not affected the Company's consolidated liquidity, although state insurance laws have provisions relating to the ability of the parent company to use cash generated by the Insurance Group.

Total Corporate liquidity (cash, cash equivalents, resale agreements, fixed maturities, equity securities and partnership interests) amounted to $26.7$37.6 million at December 31, 2003.2004. During 2003,2004, IHC repurchased 215,257300,780 shares of common stock for $4.3$5.9 million under its common stock repurchase program.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Due to its strong capital ratios, broad licensing and excellent asset quality and credit-worthiness, the Insurance Group remains well positioned to increase or diversify its current activities. It is anticipated that future acquisitions or other expansion of operations will be funded internally from existing capital and surplus and parent company liquidity. In the event additional funds are required, it is expected that they would be borrowed or raised in the public or private capital markets to the extent determined to be necessary or desirable. In November 2004, March 2004 and December 2003, the Company borrowed $15 million, $10 million and $12 million, respectively, inthrough pooled trust preferred issuances.issuances by subsidiary trusts. In September 2003, the Company entered into a $12.5 million line of credit, all of which was drawn down upon.down. The cash proceeds of the line of credit and the trust preferred securities and the new line of creditissued in 2003 were used to repay the existing debt and for general corporate purposes. (Seepurpo ses. See Note 1011 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial St atementsStatements in Item 8.)

IHC enters into a variety of contractual obligations with third-parties in the ordinary course of its operations. These obligations, as of December 31, 2004, are set forth in the table below. However, we do not believe that our cash flow requirements can be fully assessed based upon an analysis of these obligations. Future cash outflows, whether they are contractual obligations or not, also will vary based upon our future needs. Although some outflows are fixed, others depend on future events. The Company had the following expected contractual obligations relating to debt, trust preferred securities repayments (junior subordinated debt), non-cancelable leases, insurance reserves and non-cancelable leasesfunds on deposit at December 31, 2003:2004:

						Junior
						Subordinated
			Debt			Debt			Leases			Total
			(In thousands)
2004		$	-		$	-		$	1,012		$	1,012
2005			-			-			1,008			1,008
2006			12,500			-			966			13,466
2007			-			-			802			802
2008			-			-			737			737
2009 and thereafter			-			22,682			2,209			24,891
	Totals	$	12,500		$	22,682		$	6,734		$	41,916

Additionally, the Company has an investment partnership agreement under which $5.3 million is subject to capital call upon 7 days prior written notice. (See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.) The Company also has contractual obligations pursuant to its $281.8 million of funds on deposit.

In accordance with SFAS No. 115, the Company may carry its portfolio of fixed income securities either as held to maturity (carried at amortized cost), as trading securities (carried at fair market value) or as available-for-sale (carried at fair market value). The Company has chosen to carry all of its debt securities as available-for-sale. TheIn 2004, the Company experienced a decrease in unrealized gains (losses) of $1.1$2.6 million, net of deferred tax benefits of $.6$1.5 million and net of deferred policy acquisition costs of $.7$.6 million in total stockholders' equity, reflecting net unrealized losses of $2.0 million at December 31, 2004 compared to net unrealized gains of $.6 million at December 31, 2003 versus $1.7 million at December 31, 2002.2003. From time to time, as warranted, the Company employs investment strategies to mitigate interest rate and other market exposures.

Under certain circumstances set forth in the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Majestic, the Company has the right and/or obligation to purchase some or all of the minority interests in Majestic.

OUTLOOK

The Company anticipates continued favorable operating performance in 20042005 as a result of (i) expansionmarketing of its new strategic health products including the rollover of the $50 million block of employer-sponsored group major medical administered by Insurers Administrator Corporation ("IAC"), a market leader in sales of consumer driven medical plans to the small and medium size employer group maket; (ii) cross-selling of products through controlled distribution sources, including its affiliates, Health Plan Administrators, Inc. ("HPA") and CA Insurance Services ("CA Services"); (iii) improved profitability of its Medical Stop-Loss business through greater production by current MGUs, (ii) increased retentionstricter underwriting and anticipation of its Employer Medical Stop-Loss business, (iii) its increased equity interest in AMIC, and AMIC's anticipated increase in income, anda somewhat "harder" market; (iv) increased premium and improved loss ratios from Madison Life's group LTD, group term life and government employees linesthe appointment of new stop-loss MGUs; and (v) acquisition of blocks of business.

IHC began marketing employer-sponsored group major medical in one state in the first quarter of 2005. Beginning in 2005, the Company is preparing to market this product in 36 states. Standard Life will also 100% reinsure, with the intent of assuming, a $50 million block of this business as of January 1, 2005. In addition, during 2005, IHC will begin distributing short-term medical, dental and vision products. The major medical, dental and vision products, will be marketed through IAC and CA Services. The short-term medical and other products will be written through HPA, a market leader in these products. These products, taken together, provide IHC with a full array of health products. In addition, the Company should generate cross-selling opportunities for IHC's current life and health products and others currently under development. IHC will continue to seek other strategic acquisitions of TPAs and other distribution sources.

The Company increased its average retention on Medical Stop-Loss written by Standard Life and Madison Life from 30% in 2003 to 34% in 2004. In 2004, approximately 73% of the Company's Medical Stop-Loss business was underwritten by MGUs in which the Company or its affiliates own or have significant equity investments in 7 MGUs, including the AMIC MGUs.interests. The Company anticipates that taken as a whole, these MGUs will continue to contribute a high percentage of the Insurance Group's premiums in the Medical Stop-Loss line of business in 2004. IHC and its affiliates continue to seek additional strategic MGU investments.

The Company has increased its average retention on Medical Stop-Loss written by Standard Life and Madison Life from 28% in 2002 to 30% in 2003. Average retention for 2004 is projected to be 36%. The Company made the decision to increase its retention largely because of its greater control over the MGUs that are producing and administering the business. The majority of the Company's Medical Stop-Loss business is underwritten by MGUs in which the Company or its affiliates have significant equity interests.2005. In addition, the Company exerts great influence over its other MGUs through its high retention of risk and by working with only a selected group of reinsurers that share IHC's commitment to underwriting excellence.discipline. For all of its MGUs, Standard Life and Madison Life regularly audit the MGUs' compliance with the Company's underwriting, claims and policy issuance guidelines.

The Medical Stop-Loss market is generally cyclical in nature. When a product experiences several consecutive years of underwriting profitability, it is not unusual for there to be more competitors entering that line which can increase pressure on pricing and create a "softer" market. The Medical Stop-Loss market began to "soften" in 2003, and less favorable conditions continued through 2004. Despite these market conditions, the Company produced profitable results in 2003 and 2004, and expects continued profitability in 2005. As a result of these market conditions, the rate IHC is able to charge for Medical Stop-Loss increased at a lesser rate in recent years, however, increases in medical trend have also been held in check to a greater extent and deductibles and attachment points have increased. This reduces IHC's overall risk exposure. The Company remains optimistic that it will continue to produce profitable results, however, its ability to grow the Medical Stop-Loss line in 2005 may be somewhat limited, although the Company intends to appoint new MGUs which would generate additional premiums. IHC's new lines of business (major medical, short-term medical, dental and vision) are less volatile than Medical Stop-Loss. The Company is optimistic that these lines will yield profitable results while producing significant growth.

Madison Life anticipates moderate growth in its group LTD, credit and term life lines as a result of increased production and improved loss ratios. In 2000, as a result of Madison Life's 1999 acquisition of a block with $78.0 million in reserves, Madison Life began marketing an individual life product (with annuity riders) to military and civilian government employees, primarily through payroll deduction. This business, which is distributed through independent general agents and brokers who receive commissions, generated $3.6 million of premiums in 2003, which represented a 56.5% increase over 2002. More blocks of business became available in the fourth quarter of 2003 than in prior quarters. The Company believes this trend will continue in 2004 as a result of underwriting, investment and capital losses suffered by the insurance industry in recent years. The Company will continue to review actively acquisitions, and believes that it is well positioned to consummate additional acquisi tionsacquisitions should the opportunity arise.

The Company owns 39%entered into an Aggregate Excess of the common stock of AMIC. AMIC is an insurance holding company that is currently engaged in theLoss Retrocessional Reinsurance Agreement with a reinsurer for its 2004 Medical Stop-Loss business, througheffective as of January 1, 2005, pursuant to which the Company will provide such reinsurer with a loss ratio cover to cap the reinsurer's losses, excluding certain losses, at a 90% net loss ratio. Approximately $43 million of net premium was ceded to such reinsurer during such period and the Company charged 8% of the premium ceded to the reinsurer for such coverage. In addition, the Company entered into a Commutation Agreement with this same reinsurer, pursuant to which, effective as of January 1, 2005, the reinsurer will return 94% of the net premium collected to date with respect to the 2003 Medical Stop-Loss business ceded to such reinsurer, and the Company will release most future liabilities of such reinsurer with respect to such business. To date, approximately $27 million of net premium was ceded to such reinsurer for such year.

Madison National and Independence American andentered into a reinsurance agreement to protect Independence American against certain losses occurring during the AMIC MGUs. AMIC's net income for the 2003 fourth quarter and year were positively impacted by a further reduction of the valuation allowance primarily relatedperiod from January 1, 2005 to AMIC's federal net operating loss carryforward (NOL) deferred tax asset. This reduction increased AMIC's net income by $4.5 million, but did not affect the Company's net income. Rather, in accordance with GAAP, IHC accounted for its share of the deferred tax benefit, amounting to $1.5 million, as a reduction of its goodwill.December 31, 2005. In the event that AMIC makes further reductions inIndependence American's claims, loss adjustment expenses, and incurred but not reported reserves ("Net Losses") exceeds 95% of the valuation allowance in the future,net premiums earned by Independence American, then Madison National will pay Independence American an amount equal to the extentexcess over the Net Losses. In no event shall Madison National pay Independence American more than $5,000,000. Independence American will pay Madison National, quarterly, a premium of its equity interest, the Company will first reduce goodwill until there is none,0.175% of net retained premium subject to a minimum premium of $50,000 and then report the balance as equity income.

a maximum premium of $100,000.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2003,On September 30, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FASB InterpretationStaff Position No. 46 (revised), ConsolidationEITF Issue 03-1-1, "Effective Date of Variable Interest EntitiesParagraphs 10-20 of EITF Issue No. 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments," which delays the effective date for the measurement and recognition guidance contained in Emerging Issues Task Force ("FIN 46R"EITF"), which addresses how a business enterprise should evaluate Issue No. 03-1. EITF Issue No. 03-1 provides guidance for evaluating whether it has a controlling financial interestan investment is other-than-temporarily impaired and was originally to be effective for other-than-temporary impairment evaluations made in an entity through means other than voting rights and, accordingly, should consolidate the variable interest entity ("VIE"). FIN 46R replaces FASB Interpretation No. 46 that was issued in January 2003. The Company is required to apply FIN 46R to special-purpose entities as of December 31, 2003 and to other VIEs no later than as of March 31, 2004. For any VIEs that must be consolidated under FIN 46R that were created before Januaryreporting periods beginning after June 15, 2004 (July 1, 2004 for the assets, liabilitiesCompany). The delay in the effective date for the measurement and non-controlling interest ofrecognition guidance contained in EITF Issue No. 03-1 does not suspend the VIE initially would be measured at their carrying amounts, and any difference between the net amount addedrequirement to recognize other-than-temporary impairments as required by existing authoritative literature. Subsequent to the balance sheetissuance of Staff Position No. EITF Issue 03-1-1, the FASB announced plans for a full reconsideration of existing authoritative literature concerning other-than-temporary impairment of securities. The outcome of this reconsideration and the impact, if any, previously recognized interest would be recorded as a c umulative effect of an accounting change. The Company adopted FIN 46R as of December 31, 2003 and, accordingly, has accounted for its trust preferred subsidiaries (described in Note 10) as unconsolidated subsidiaries. As a result,on the Company's consolidated financial statements include assets for the investments in the common stock of the subsidiaries and liabilities for the junior subordinated debt issued to the subsidiaries. The Company held no interests in VIEs that were required toimpairment recognition cannot be consolidated under FIN 46R as of December 31, 2003.predicted at this time.

In May 2003,December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) ("FASB 123(R)"), "Share-Based Payment", which supercedes SFAS No. 150,123, "Accounting for Certain Financial InstrumentsStock-Based Compensation," and APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." SFAS 123(R) addresses the accounting for share-based payment transactions with Characteristicsemployees and other third parties; eliminates the ability account for share-based compensation transactions using APB 25; and requires that the compensation costs relating to such transactions be recognized in the statement of both Liabilities and Equity" which requires an issuer of mandatorily redeemable financial instruments to classify such instrumentsoperations. The revised statement is effective as a liability and to measure such liability at its present value, using the rate implicit at the inception of the contract. In addition, all future dividends paid to holders of those instruments are to be reflected as interest cost. As originally issued, SFAS No. 150 was effective for all financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise was effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003 for financial instruments that were in existence prior2005 and, therefore, the Company will adopt the statement on July 1, 2005 as required. SFAS 123(R) applies to May 31, 2003. However,all awards granted after the required effective date and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after that date. Additionally, beginning on the required effective date, compensation exp ense will be recognized for the portion of outstanding awards for which the requisite service (vesting) has not yet been rendered, based on the grant-date fair value of those awards calculated under SFAS 123 for pro forma disclosures. The impact of adoption cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend, in part, on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, had the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described in the pro forma disclosure included in Note 1(R) of the statement's provisions relatedNotes to the classification and measurement of certain mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests has been deferred indefinitely by the FASB, pending further Bo ard action. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 150, transition is achieved by reporting the difference (if any) between the measurement of the liability upon adoption and the previous carrying value as the cumulative effect of a changeConsolidated Financial Statements in accounting principle. SFAS No. 150 did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.Item 8.

In April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, "Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." This statement amends and clarifies accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities under Statement 133. SFAS No. 149 is effective for contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003 and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003. The provisions of SFAS No. 149 are to be applied prospectively. Provisions that relate to Statement 133 implementation issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters than began prior to June 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. The adoption of SFAS No. 149 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities," which addresses costs associated with an exit activity (including restructuring) or with disposal of long-lived assets. Under SFAS No. 146, companies are required to record a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity when that liability is incurred and can be measured at fair value. The new requirements are effective prospectively for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The adoption of SFAS No. 146 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Safe Harbor StatementSAFE HARBOR STATEMENT

From time to time, information provided by the Company, including but not limited to statements in this report, or other statements made by or on behalf of the Company, may contain "forward-looking" information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company's control, which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those anticipated. Set forth below are important factors that could cause the Company's results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company.

RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPANY'S OPERATING RESULTS AND

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that the company currently deems immaterial may also impair the Company's business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of the Company's common stock could decline.

The Company's Results May Fluctuate as a Result of Factors Generally Affecting the Insurance and Reinsurance Industry

The results of companies in the insurance and reinsurance industry historically have been subject to significant fluctuations and uncertainties. Factors that affect the industry in general could also cause the Company's results to fluctuate. The industry'sindustries and the Company's financial condition and results of operations may be affected significantly by:

• Fluctuations in interest rates, inflationary pressures and other changes in the investment environment, which affect returns on invested capital and may impact the ultimate payout of loss amounts;
• Rising levels of actual costs that are not known by companies at the time they price their products;
• Losses related to terrorist activities, random acts of violence or declared or undeclared war;
• Changes in reserves resulting from different types of claims that may arise and the development of judicial interpretations relating to the scope of insurers' liability; and
• The overall level of economic activity and the competitive environment in the industry.

If the Rating Agencies Downgrade the Company's Insurance Companies, the Company's Results of Operations and Competitive Position in the Industry May Suffer

Ratings have become an increasingly important factor in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. Standard Life is rated "A" (Excellent) and Madison Life is rated "A-" (Excellent) by A.M. Best Company, Inc. ("Best"). Best's ratings reflect its opinions of an insurance company's financial strength, operating performance, strategic position, and ability to meet its obligations to policyholders and are not evaluations directed to investors. The ratings of Standard Life and Madison Life are subject to periodic review by Best. If Best reduces either or both Madison Life's or Standard Life's ratings from its current levels, the Company's business could be adversely affected.

The Company's Loss Reserves are Based on an Estimate of Its Future Liability, and if Actual Claims Prove to be Greater Than The Company's Reserves, Its Results of Operations and Financial Condition May Be Adversely Affected

The Company maintains loss reserves to cover the its estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, including legal and other fees as well as a portion of the Company's general expenses, for reported and unreported claims incurred as of the end of each accounting period. Because setting reserves is inherently uncertain, the Company cannot be sure that current reserves will prove adequate in light of subsequent events. If the Company's reserves are insufficient to cover its actual losses and loss adjustment expenses, the Company would have to augment its reserves and incur a change to its earnings, and these charges could be material. Reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability. Rather, reserves represent an estimate of what the Company expects the ultimate settlement and administration of claims will cost. These estimates, which generally involve actuarial projections, are based on the Company's assessment of facts and circumstances then known, as well as estimates of future trends in claims severity, frequency, judicial theories of liability and other factors. These variables are affected by both internal and external events, such as changes in claims handling procedures, inflation, judicial trends and legislative changes. Many of these items are not directly quantifiable in advance. Additionally, there may be a significant reporting lag between the occurrence of the insured event and the time it is reported to the Company. The inherent uncertainties of estimating reserves are greater for certain types of liabilities, particularly those in which the various considerations affecting the type of claim are subject to change and in which long periods of time may elapse before a definitive determination of liability is made. Reserve estimates are continually refined in a regular and ongoing process as experience develops and further claims are reported and settled. Adjustments to reserves are reflected in the results of the periods in which such estimates ar e changed.are ch anged.

Certain Proposed Federal and State Legislation May, if Adopted, Adversely Affect the Company's Employer Medical Stop-Loss Business

Individuals who obtain health coverage through self-insured plans cannot currently sue their employer in state court for punitive or compensatory damages, but can seek legal recourse in federal court where an employer can be ordered to cover a wrongfully-denied benefit. In the continuing debate over health care reform, certain federal and state legislation has been proposed which could have the effect of making plan sponsors, administrators, or certain other parties liable for punitive damages in state court. While the Company cannot predict whether any of these proposals will be adopted or what, if any, impact enactment of any of these would have on its employer medical stop-loss business, the number of employers offering health benefits or choosing self-insured plans could be reduced, plans could increase the portion paid by employees (thereby reducing participation), pricing and coverage options could be affected, and the Insurance Group could be faced with greater liability exposures .

The Company's Inability to Assess Underwriting Risk Accurately Could Reduce Its Net Income

The Company's success is dependent on its ability to assess accurately the risks associated with the businesses on which the risk is retained. If the Company fails to assess accurately the risks it retains, the Company may fail to establish the appropriate premium rates and the Company reserves may be inadequate to cover its losses, requiring augmentation of the Company's reserves, which in turn could reduce the Company's net income.

Decreases in the Fair Market Value of Fixed Income Securities May Greatly Reduce the Value of the Company's Investment Portfolio, and as a Result, the Company's Financial Condition May Suffer

At December 31, 2003, $490.32004, $546.4 million of the Company's $593.4$722.2 million investment portfolio was invested in fixed income securities. The fair market value of these fixed income securities and the investment income from these fixed income securities fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions. With respect to the Company's investments in fixed income securities, the fair market value of these investments generally increases or decreases in an inverse relationship with fluctuations in interest rates, while net investment income realized by the Company from future investments in fixed income securities will generally increase or decrease with interest rates. In addition, actual net investment income and/or cash flows from investments that carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, may differ from those anticipated at the time of investment as a result of interest rate fluctuations. An investment has prepayment risk when there is a ri sk that the timing of cash flows that result from the repayment of principal might occur earlier than anticipated because of declining interest rates or later than anticipated because of rising interest rates. Historically, the impact of market fluctuations has affected the Company's financial statements. Because all of the Company's fixed income securities are classified as available for sale, changes in the fair market value of the Company's securities are reflected in the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income. No adjustment is made for liabilities to reflect a change in interest rates. Therefore, interest rate fluctuations and economic conditions could adversely affect the Company's stockholders' equity, total comprehensive income and/or cash flows.

If the Company Fails to Comply With Extensive State and Federal Regulations, the Company Will Be Subject to Penalties, Which May Include Fines and Suspension and Which May Adversely Affect the Company's Results of Operations and Financial Condition

The Company is subject to extensive governmental regulation and supervision. Most insurance regulations are designed to protect the interests of policyholders rather than stockholders and other investors. This regulation, generally administered by a department of insurance in each state in which the Company does business, relates to, among other things

• Approval of policy forms and premium rates;
• Standards of solvency, including risk-based capital measurements, which are a measure developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and used by state insurance regulators to identify insurance companies that potentially are inadequately capitalized;
• Licensing of insurers and their agents;
• Restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;
• Restrictions on transactions between insurance companies and their affiliates;
• Restrictions on the size of risks insurable under a single policy;
• Requiring deposits for the benefit of policyholders;
• Requiring certain methods of accounting;
• Periodic examinations of the Insurance Group's operations and finances;
• Prescribing the form and content of records of financial condition required to be filed;

and

• Requiring reserves for unearned premium, losses and other purposes.

State insurance departments also conduct periodic examinations of the affairs of insurance companies and require the filing of annual and other reports relating to the financial condition of insurance companies, holding company issues and other matters.

Recently adopted federal financial services modernization legislation is expected to lead to additional federal regulation of the insurance industry in the coming years. The Insurance Group's business depends on compliance with applicable laws and regulations and its ability to maintain valid licenses and approvals for its operations. Regulatory authorities have broad discretion to grant, renew, or revoke licenses and approvals. Regulatory authorities may deny or revoke licenses for various reasons, including the violation or regulations. In some instances, the Insurance Group follows practices based on its interpretations of regulations, or those that it believes to be generally followed by the industry, which may be different from the requirements or interpretations of regulatory authorities. If the Insurance Group does not have the requisite licenses and approvals and does not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporar ilytemporarily suspend the Insurance Group from carrying on some or all of its activities or otherwise penalize it. That type of action could have a material adverse effect on the InsuranceI nsurance Group's business. Also, changes in the level of regulation of the insurance industry (whether federal, state or foreign), or changes in laws or regulations themselves or interpretations by regulatory authorities, could have a material adverse effect on the Insurance Group's business.

ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKETRISK

See the discussion of interest rate risk under "Risk Management" in Item 7.

ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON

None.

ITEM 9.A9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The PresidentIHC's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer supervised and participated in IHC's evaluation of the Company (its principal executive officerits disclosure controls and principal financial officer, respectively) have concluded, based on their evaluationprocedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report, that the Company's disclosurereport. Disclosure controls and procedures are effectivecontrols and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in theIHC's periodic reports filed or submitted by it under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensureforms. Based upon that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Presidentevaluation, IHC's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriateconcluded that IHC's disclosure controls and allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.procedures are effective.

There has been no change in IHC's internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2004 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, IHC's internal control over financial reporting.

The Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the related Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 10.DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to "Election of Directors" and "Executive Officers" in the Company's Proxy Statement for its 20042005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to "Executive Compensation" in the Company's Proxy Statement for its 20042005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, except that the information required by paragraphs (i), (k) and (l) of Item 402 Regulation S-K (sec229.402)(section 229.402) and set forth in such Proxy Statement is specifically not incorporated by reference.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 30, 2004.15, 2005.

INDEPENDENCE HOLDING COMPANY

(REGISTRANT)

Roy T.K. Thung

President, and

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Teresa A. Herbert

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated as of the 30th15^th day of March, 2004.2005.

/s/ Larry R. Graber

Larry R. Graber

Director

/s/ Allan C. Kirkman

Allan C. Kirkman

Director

/s/ Steven B. Lapin

Steven B. Lapin

Director and Vice Chairman

/s/ Edward Netter

Edward Netter

Director and Chairman

/s/ Robert P. Ross, Jr.

Robert P. Ross, Jr.

Director

/s/ James G. Tatum

James G. Tatum

Director

/s/ Roy T.K. Thung

Roy T.K. Thung

Director, President, and

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Teresa A. Herbert

Teresa A. Herbert

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

INDEPENDENCE HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

*All other schedules have been omitted as they are not applicable or not required, or the information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.

Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Independence Holding Company:

The management of Independence Holding Company ("IHC") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. IHC's internal control system is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to the company's management and board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and fair presentation of published financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

IHC acquired Majestic Underwriters LLC ("Majestic") during 2004. Management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of IHC's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, Majestic's internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $8,607,000 and total revenues of $2,121,000 as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004.

Management assessed the effectiveness of IHC's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") inInternal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment we concluded that, as of December 31, 2004, IHC's internal control over financial reporting is effective.

KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report, has issued an audit report on management's assessment of, and the effective operation of, IHC's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, which is included herein on page 44.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Independence Holding Company:

We have audited management's assessment, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that Independence Holding Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based oncriteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management's assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management's assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposi tion of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, management's assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by COSO. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Frameworkissued by COSO.

The Company acquired Majestic Underwriters LLC ("Majestic") during 2004, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, Majestic's internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $8,607,000 and total revenues of $2,121,000 included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of internal control over financial reporting of Majestic.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Independence Holding Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, and our report dated March 15, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

/S/ KPMG LLP

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

New York, New York

March 15, 2005

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND STOCKHOLDERS

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

INDEPENDENCE HOLDING COMPANY:Independence Holding Company:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Independence Holding Company and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement schedules as listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditingthe standards generally accepted inof the United States of America.Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Independence Holding Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20032004 and 2002,2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2003,2004, in conformity with accounting principlesU.S. generally accepted in the United States of America.accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

/s/ KPMG LLP

New York, New York

March 8, 200415, 2005

INDEPENDENCE HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

DECEMBER 31,