Specified portions of the registrant'sregistrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with solicitation of proxies for its 20152017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are hereby incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where such portions are referenced.
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PARTI
This document and other public statements we make may contain statements that do not relate strictly to historical fact, any of which may beforward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When we useStatements contained in this communication that refer to Progenics’ estimated or anticipated future results or other non-historical facts are forward-looking statements that reflect Progenics’ current perception of existing trends and information as of the date of this communication. Forward looking statements generally will be accompanied by words "anticipates," "plans," "expects"such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Such statements are predictions only, and similar expressions, we are identifying forward-looking statements.subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.While it is impossible to identify or predict all such matters, these differences between forward-looking statements and our actual results, performance or achievement may result from, among other things, the inherent uncertainty of the timing and success of, and expense associated with, research, development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our products and product candidates, including the risks that clinical trials will not commence or proceed as planned; products appearingwhich appear to be promising in early trials will not demonstrate efficacy or safety in larger-scale trials;clinical trial data on our products and product candidates will be unfavorable; our products will not receive marketing approval from regulators or, if approved, do not gain sufficient market acceptance to justify development and commercialization costs;the sales of RELISTOR® and other products by our partners and the royaltyrevenue and income generated thereby;for us thereby may not meet expectations; competing products currently on the market or in development might reduce the commercial potential of our products; we, our collaborators or others might identify side effects after the product is on the market; or efficacy or safety concerns regarding marketed products, whether or not originating from subsequent testing or other activities by us, governmental regulators, other entities or organizations or otherwise, and whether or not scientifically justified, may lead to product recalls, withdrawals of marketing approval, reformulation of the product, additional pre-clinical testing or clinical trials, changes in labeling of the product, the need for additional marketing applications, declining sales, or other adverse events.
We are also subject to risks and uncertainties associated with the actions of our corporate, academic and other collaborators and government regulatory agencies, including risks from market forces and trends; potential product liability; intellectual property, litigation and other dispute resolution, environmental and other risks; the risk that we may not be able to obtain sufficient capital, recruit and retain employees, enter into favorable collaborationcollaborations or transactions, or other relationships or that existing or future relationships or transactions may not proceed as planned; the risk that current and pending patent protection for our products may be invalid, unenforceable or challenged, or fail to provide adequate market exclusivity, or that our rights to in-licensed intellectual property may be terminated for our failure to satisfy performance milestones; the risk of difficulties in, and regulatory compliance relating to, manufacturing products; and the uncertainty of our future profitability.
Risks and uncertainties to which we are subject also include general economic conditions, including interest and currency exchange-rate fluctuations and the availability of capital; changes in generally accepted accounting principles; the impact of legislation and regulatory compliance; the highly regulated nature of our business, including government cost-containment initiatives and restrictions on third-party payments for our products; trade buying patterns; the competitive climate of our industry; and other factors set forth in this document and other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)(“SEC”). In particular, we cannot assure you that Relistor®RELISTOR will be commercially successful or be approved in the future in other formulations, indications or jurisdictions, or that any of our other programs will result in a commercial product.
We do not have a policy of updating or revising forward-looking statements and, except as expressly required by law, we assume nodisclaim any intent or obligation to update or revise any statements as a result of new information or future events or developments. It should not be assumed that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in forward-looking statements.
Available Information
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, including Progenics, thatwhich file electronically with the SEC. You may obtain documents that we file with the SEC athttp://www.sec.gov, and read and copy them at the SEC'sSEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We also make available free of charge our annual, quarterly and current reports and proxy materials onhttp://www.progenics.com.
Additional information concerning Progenics and its business may be available in press releases or other public announcements and quarterly and current reports and documents filed with the SEC. Information on or accessed through our website is not included in the Company'sProgenics’ SEC filings.
In this document, Relistor,RELISTOR®, a registered trademark, refers to methylnaltrexone – the active ingredient of Relistor --RELISTOR – as it has been and is being developed and commercialized by or in collaboration with Progenics. Subcutaneous RelistorSalix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (“Valeant”), under a license agreement (the “RELISTOR License Agreement”). RELISTOR has received regulatory marketing approval for specific indications, and references to RelistorRELISTOR do not imply that any other form or possible use of the drug has received approval. Relistor'sRELISTOR’s approved U.S. label and full U.S. prescribing information is available at www.Relistor.com.www.RELISTOR.com. Other approved labels for RelistorRELISTOR apply in ex-U.S. markets. Azedra and Onalta are trademarksAZEDRA® is a trademark of our Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Molecular Insight”) subsidiary.
Overview
Progenics Pharmaceuticals, developsInc. and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company,” “Progenics”, “we”, or “us”) develop innovative medicines and other technologies to target and treat cancer. Our pipeline includes: (1) therapeutic agents designed to precisely target cancer (AZEDRA and 1095); (2) PSMA-targeted imaging agents for oncology.prostate cancer (1404 and PyLTM); and (3) imaging analysis tools. Our clinical development efforts center on late-stagefirst commercial product, RELISTOR (methylnaltrexone bromide) for opioid-induced constipation, is partnered with Valeant. Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1986.
Pipeline
Our goal is to become a preeminent, patient-centric oncology assets. An important focus for Progenics is targeted therapeuticscompany and imaging agents. A number of our candidates targetwe intend to make a difference in how patients with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA).
Product / Candidate | Description | Status | ||||
Ultra-Orphan Theranostic | ||||||
AZEDRA | Treatment of malignant and/or recurrent pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma | Completed dosing in registrational trial under a Special Protocol Assessment agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"); an Expanded Access Program has been initiated | ||||
Prostate Cancer Theranostics | ||||||
1404 | Technetium-99m labeled PSMA | Phase | ||||
PyL | Fluorinated PSMA-targeted PET/CT imaging agent for prostate cancer | Phase 2/3 trial in progress | ||||
1095 | Iodine-131 labeled PSMA-targeted small molecule therapeutic for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer | Phase 1 trial initiated in first quarter of 2017 | ||||
PSMA TTC (Targeted Thorium Conjugate) (antibody licensed to Bayer) | Thorium-227 labeled PSMA-targeted antibody therapeutic for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer | Preclinical development in progress | ||||
Prostate cancer bone scan indexing products | Software that quantifies the hotspots on bone scans and | EXINI bone BSI is currently sold in Europe and Japan; a web-based version is available without charge to researchers in the U.S.; the product has a 510(k) clearance form the FDA | ||||
Opioid-Induced Constipation ("OIC") Treatment | ||||||
RELISTOR-Subcutaneous injection (licensed to Valeant) | ||||||
Treatment of | Sold in the U.S., | |||||
RELISTOR-Oral Tablets (licensed to | ||||||
| Valeant) | ||||||
Treatment of OIC in | ||||||
Approved by the FDA on July 19, 2016; U.S. commercialization commenced in third quarter of | ||||||
| 2016 | ||||||
Our principal clinical-stage product candidates in oncology are
|
|
● | 1404 is a technetium-99m labeled small molecule which binds PSMA and is used as an imaging agent to diagnose and detect localized prostate cancer as well as soft tissue and bone metastases. We have completed a global multi-centered Phase 2 trial assessing the diagnostic accuracy of 1404 imaging in men with high-risk prostate cancer and a multi-center, open-label Phase 3 trial is ongoing to determine the sensitivity and specificity of 1404 to correctly identify whether or not patients have clinically significant prostate cancer (generally, Gleason score >3+4). |
● | PyL (also known as [18F]DCFPyL)is a clinical-stage, fluorinated PSMA-targeted Positron Emission Topography (PET) imaging agent for prostate cancer that was discovered and developed at the Center for Translational Molecular Imaging at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. A proof-of-concept study published in the April 2015 issue of the Journal of Molecular Imaging and Biology showed that the uptake of PyL is high in sites of putative metastatic lesions and primary tumors, suggesting the potential for high sensitivity in detecting prostate cancer. A phase 2/3 trial commenced in December 2016 to assess the diagnostic performance of PyL PET/CT imaging to detect prostate cancer in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic disease. | |
| ● | 1095 is a PSMA-targeted Iodine-131 labeled small molecule that is designed to deliver a dose of beta radiation directly to prostate cancer cells with minimal impact on the surrounding healthy tissues. In collaboration with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application has been filed in the U.S. and a Phase 1 trial has been initiated. |
● | PSMATTCis a thorium-227 labeled PSMA-targeted antibody therapeutic. The PSMA TTC is designed to deliver a dose of alpha radiation directly to prostate cancer cells with minimal impact on the surrounding healthy tissues. In April 2016, we granted Bayer exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products using our PSMA antibody technology in combination with Bayer’s alpha-emitting radionuclides. |
● | Prostate cancer bone scan indexing products. Exini bone BSI quantifies the hotspots on bone scans of prostate cancer patients and automatically calculates the bone scan index value, representing the disease burden of prostate cancer shown on the bone scan. This quantifiable and reproducible calculation of the bone scan index value is intended to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and may have utility in monitoring the course of the disease. The prognostic utility of the bone scan index value as a biomarker of prostate cancer is currently being investigated in several clinical trials. EXINI bone BSI has been sold as standalone software to medical institutions in Europe and as a Japanese version to FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd. (“Fuji”) in Japan. A web based version of the product has a 510(k) clearance from the FDA and is currently being made available without charge to prostate cancer researchers in the United States as we evaluate its potential. |
● | RELISTOR is a treatment for opioid induced constipation (“OIC”) that addresses its underlying mechanism of OIC and decreases the constipating side effects induced by opioid pain medications such as morphine and codeine without diminishing their ability to relieve pain. RELISTOR Tablets (450 mg once daily) were approved in the U.S. for the treatment of OIC in patients with chronic non-cancer pain in July 2016 and launched commercially in September 2016. RELISTOR subcutaneous injection is approved and is being sold in the U.S., European Union (“E.U.”) and Canada. Under the RELISTOR License Agreement, Valeant is responsible for developing and commercializing RELISTOR. | |
| RELISTOR net sales (losses) and related royalty income (loss) during the years 2014 – 2016 are set forth below. Our recognition of royalty income (loss) for financial reporting purposes is explained inManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) and our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this document. |
First | Second | Third | Fourth | Full | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Year | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 16,600 | $ | 15,900 | $ | 22,100 | $ | 16,000 | $ | 70,600 | ||||||||||
Royalty income | 2,189 | 2,380 | 3,319 | 2,407 | 10,295 | |||||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 900 | $ | 11,900 | $ | 8,000 | $ | 23,000 | $ | 43,800 | ||||||||||
Royalty income | 140 | 1,773 | 1,208 | 3,452 | 6,573 | |||||||||||||||
2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales (losses) | $ | 4,800 | $ | 9,100 | $ | 10,800 | $ | (4,400 | ) | $ | 20,300 | |||||||||
Royalty income (loss) | 723 | 1,353 | 1,617 | (657 | ) | 3,036 | ||||||||||||||
We continue to consider opportunities for strategic collaborations, out-licenses, and other arrangements with biopharmaceutical companies involving proprietary research, development, clinical and commercialization programs, and may in the future also in-license or acquire additional oncology compounds and/or programs.
Risk Factors.
First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | Full Year | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales (Losses) | $ | 4,800 | $ | 9,100 | $ | 10,800 | $ | (4,400 | ) | $ | 20,300 | |||||||||
| Royalty Income (Loss) | 723 | 1,353 | 1,617 | (657 | ) | 3,036 | ||||||||||||||
| 2013: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 7,700 | $ | 7,900 | $ | 4,800 | $ | 19,000 | $ | 39,400 | ||||||||||
| Royalty Income | 1,155 | 1,174 | 719 | 2,847 | 5,895 | |||||||||||||||
| 2012: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 12,300 | $ | 10,800 | $ | 4,900 | $ | 5,200 | $ | 33,200 | ||||||||||
| Royalty Income | 1,834 | 1,619 | 728 | 782 | 4,963 | |||||||||||||||
For purposes of this report, in general Phase 1 trials are initial evaluations of safety in humans which study mechanism of action and metabolism; Phase 2 trials evaluate safety, dosing and activity or efficacy, and continue safety evaluation; and Phase 3 trials involve larger scale evaluations of safety, efficacy and dosing.
Progenics’ practice is and has been to announce commencement and results of all of its significant clinical trials in press releases, medical and scientific meetings and other venues. FollowingThe following is a summary of current clinical trial activities involving our principal product candidates and Relistor.
PSMA ADC.AZEDRA.In our open-label, multicenter U.S. phase 2 trial of PSMA ADC to assess anti-tumor activity and tolerability an initial cohort of chemotherapy-experienced participants with mCRPC have received initial doses of drug starting at either 2.5 mg/kg or 2.3 mg/kg; in some cases subsequent doses were adjusted based on tolerability. The study endpoints evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the compound as measured by changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, number of circulating tumor cells (CTC), pain scores, and tumor size as measured under RECIST criteria. Safety is also being assessed. Progenics has completed treatment of both the 84 patients in this chemotherapy-experienced cohort and an additional trial cohort of 35 chemotherapy-naive patients who have progressed on hormonal therapies.
Subsequently, a Phase 2 trial of AZEDRA was commenced under a phase 2 study of Azedra underSpecial Protocol Assessment (“SPA”) agreement with the 2009 SPAFDA regarding the design of this intended registrational phasePhase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the administration of two therapeutic doses of the compound in patients with pheochromocytoma / malignant and/or recurrent pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. The primary objectiveefficacy endpoint of this U.S. study iswas to determine the clinical benefit of AzedraAZEDRA based on the proportion of study participants with a reduction of all antihypertensive medication by at least 50% for at least six months. This phase 2Of the 44 patients who received any dose of AZEDRA, including an imaging dose, prior to the trial has enrolled 41suspension in late 2010 by Molecular Insight due to lack of the 58 patients required to be treated under the SPA, and the long-term follow up phase of the study is ongoing. To date 49%funding, 45.5% of patients receiving study drug reported SAEs,serious adverse events (“SAEs”), the most common of which were hematologic (12%(11.4%); other treatment-related events. Other commonly reported SAEs included constipation, dyspnea and myelodysplastic syndrome (each at 4.5%).
We resumed the Phase 2 trial was suspended by Molecular Insight in late 2010 due to its lackDecember 2014 with the goal of funding. Progenics has now resumed this trial and recommenced dosing patients.
1404.We conducted five Phase 1 trials with 1404 in healthy volunteers as well as men with prostate cancer, to establish proof-of-concept and dosimetry, and to assess a once-daily oral methylnaltrexone dose of 150, 300 or 450 mgsimplified kit preparation as compared to placebo for 12 weeks: patients received one daily dose during the first four weeks and dosing on an as needed basis for the remaining eight weeks. Both the 300 and 450 mg treatment arms demonstrated statistically significant results for the primary endpoint of average proportion of rescue-free bowel movements (RFBMs) per patient within four hours of administration over four weeks of dosing, when compared to the placebo treatment arm. Efficacy was also seen in both the 300 and 450 mg treatment groups for other endpoints, including change in weekly RFBMs from baseline over the first four weeks and one assessing response (responder/non-responder) to study drug during weeks one to four, where "responder" was defined as having three or more RFBMs per week, with an increase of at least one RFBM per week over baseline, for at least three out of the first four weeks. Overall, efficacy of oral methylnaltrexone in this study was comparable to that reported in clinical studies of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone in patients with chronic, non-cancer pain, and the overall observed safety profile seen in patients treated with oral methylnaltrexone was comparable to placebo. Salix expects to file an NDA for oral methylnaltrexonemulti-step preparation. We then conducted a Phase 2 trial in the U.S. and Europe to assess the safety and ability of 1404 to detect prostate cancer within the prostate gland. Analysis of 1404 SPECT/CT images from this year.
Based on results from these studies, a multi-center, open-label phase 3 trial was undertaken after reviewinitiated in December 2015 to evaluate the specificity of 1404 to detect clinically insignificant prostate cancer and analysissensitivity of results from clinical trials initiated by Progenics' former collaboration partner, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, and Progenics utilizing formulations of oral methylnaltrexoneto detect clinically significant disease in patients with chronic, non-cancer pain receiving opioid treatment.
PyL. In this study, there were no drug related SAEs reported,July 2015, Progenics and the most frequent AEs were nauseaJohns Hopkins University entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement for PyL, pursuant to which we obtained exclusive, worldwide (excluding Australia and headache (10.8% each); others were vomiting (4.6%), abdominal painNew Zealand) rights to develop and muscle spasms (3.1% each). Based oncommercialize PyL in PET imaging applications. PyL is a clinical-stage fluorinated PSMA-targeted PET imaging agent for prostate cancer. PyL has shown potential for use in identifying metastatic prostate cancer.
Preclinical and clinical studies of PyL have been conducted by investigators in the data fromU.S. and Europe, including the Johns Hopkins University. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that PyL binds to PSMA with high affinity and uptake of PyL is specific to prostate tumor tissues. A first-in-human study conducted at the Johns Hopkins University using this study and other information regarding oral methylnaltrexone, Progenics concludedtracer in patients with prostate cancer has shown that the methylnaltrexone tablet was activePET imaging with PyL is feasible and generally well tolerated, with a dose of radiation typical for diagnostic radiotracers for PET. In that study, physiologic accumulation of PyL corresponded to the distribution of PSMA-expressing organs and that its safety, pharmacokineticsexcretion. Accumulation in primary tumor and activity profiles were comparable to thatmetastatic lesions was very high which may permit the prospective detection of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone,residual tumor following definitive local therapy (surgery or radiation) as well as regional or distant metastases with high sensitivity and decided to commence the phase specificity.
In December 2016, we initiated a Phase 2/3 trial described above.
1095. In February 2017, a Phase 1 clinical trial with 1095 had begun at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. This Phase 1 open-label, dose-escalation study plans to enroll approximately 30 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”) who have demonstrated tumor avidity to 1095. The primary objectives of this study include determination of maximum tolerated dose, safety and tolerability, biodistribution, and efficacy. Findings from this trial are intended to guide the decision of an optimal dose for a Phase 2 trial.
Business Acquisition
In November 2015, we concluded a public tender offer (the “Offer”) conducted pursuant to Swedish law to acquire EXINI, which develops advanced imaging analysis tools. As of the foregoing summary,end of the offer acceptance period on that date, the Offer had been accepted by shareholders representing a total of 17,794,850 shares, corresponding to 96.81% of the total shares in general phaseEXINI. We commenced a judicial process in Sweden for acquiring the remaining shares and EXINI was delisted and ceased to be publicly traded effective as of the close of trading on December 4, 2015. On December 8, 2016, a Swedish arbitral tribunal awarded us advanced title to the remaining shares of EXINI and, as of that date, EXINI became a wholly-owned subsidiary with 100% of the voting shares owned by us.
Royalty Monetization
On November 4, 2016, through a new wholly-owned subsidiary MNTX Royalties, we entered into a loan agreement (the “Royalty-Backed Loan”) with a fund managed by HealthCare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (“HCRP”) pursuant to which HCRP agreed to make term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. We borrowed $50.0 million and can borrow an additional $50.0 million, subject to mutual agreement with HCRP, up to twelve months after the closing date. MNTX Royalties was required to make up-front payments to HRCP at the funding of the Royalty-Backed Loan, in the amount of (i) a 1% fee and (ii) $500 thousand for the Lender’s expenses. Under the terms of the Royalty-Backed Loan, the lenders have no recourse to us or to any of our assets other than the right to receive royalty payments from the commercial sales of RELISTOR products owed under our agreement with Valeant. The RELISTOR royalty payments will be used to repay the principal and interest on the loan. The Royalty-Backed Loan bears interest at a per annum rate of 9.5%.
Under the terms of the loan agreement, payments of interest and principal, if any, under the loan will be made on the last day of each calendar quarter out of RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date. On each payment date prior to March 31, 2018, RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date will be applied solely to the payment of interest on the loan, with any royalties in excess of the interest amount retained by us. Beginning on March 31, 2018, 50% of RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date in excess of accrued interest on the loan will be used to repay the principal of the loan, with the balance retained by us. Starting on September 30, 2021, all of the RELISTOR royalties received since the immediately preceding payment date will be used to repay the interest and outstanding principal balance until the balance is fully repaid. The loan has a maturity date of June 30, 2025. Upon the occurrence of certain triggers in the loan agreement, or if HCRP so elects on or after January 1, trials are initial evaluations2018, all of safety in humans which study methodsthe RELISTOR royalty payments received after the immediately preceding payment date shall be applied to the payment of actioninterest and metabolization; phase 2 trials evaluate safety, dosing and activity or efficacy, and continue safety evaluation; and phase 3 trials involve larger scale evaluationsrepayment of safety, efficacy and dosage.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development is essential to our business. During each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012,2014, we incurred research and development costs of $28.6$37.6 million, $34.6$28.2 million, and $33.0$28.6 million, respectively. For additional information relating to our research and development expenses, seeManagement'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -– Results of Operations -– Research and Development Expenses..
License and Other Agreements
Oncology
In January 2013, we acquired Molecular Insight by purchasing all of its outstanding capital stock for 4,452,593 shares of our common stock in a summaryprivate transaction. Under the agreement, we also agreed to pay to the former stockholders potential milestones, in cash or our stock at our option, of significant agreementsup to $23.0 million contingent upon achieving specified commercialization events and up to $70.0 million contingent upon achieving specified sales targets relating to the acquired company’s products and the timing of these payments, if any is highly uncertain. In addition to utilizing our pipeline.own proprietary technology, we have a number of agreements with owners of intellectual property which we use or believe may be useful in the research, development and commercialization of product candidates, including:
A 2012 co-exclusive license agreement with the University of Zurich and the Paul Scherrer Institute for worldwide sublicensable rights to certain intellectual property related to production methodologies relevant to 1404. Under this agreement, we maintain related patent rights and are obligated to pay low single-digit royalties on products using the licensed technology, license maintenance fees creditable against royalties, an annual fee for an option to expand the license’s field of use, and clinical and regulatory milestone payments aggregating approximately $1.1 million. The agreement may be terminated by the licensors upon certain material defaults by, and automatically terminates upon certain bankruptcy events relating to Molecular Insight, and may be terminated by us on prior written notice.
A 2012 out-license agreement with Fuji for the development and commercialization of 1404 in Japan. Under this agreement, we received upfront and milestone payments, of $3.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and we have the right to receive additional potential future milestone and royalty payments.
A 2000 exclusive license agreement with The University of Western Ontario for worldwide sublicensable rights to certain intellectual property related to production methodologies relevant to AZEDRA. Under this agreement, we maintain related patent rights and are obligated to pay low single-digit royalties on products using the licensed technology, minimum annual royalties creditable against royalties and clinical and regulatory milestone payments aggregating approximately $0.3 million. The agreement, which either party may terminate upon certain bankruptcy events or material defaults, continues through the last to expire of the related patent rights.
In August 2015, we entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement for PyL with Johns Hopkins University. PyL, when used in conjunction with high-resolution PET imaging, has shown potential for use in identifying prostate cancer and sites of distant metastasis. Progenics intends to focus the development of PyL with high resolution PET imaging to detect and localize recurrent disease in patients who have experienced a biochemical relapse. Under this agreement, we are obligated to pay milestone payments, low single-digit royalties, patent costs and minimum annual royalties which are creditable against royalties, aggregating approximately $2.8 million.
In April 2016, we entered into an agreement with a Bayer subsidiary granting Bayer exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products using our PSMA Development Company LLC subsidiary hasantibody technology in combination with Bayer’s alpha-emitting radionuclides. Under this agreement, we received an upfront payment of $4.0 million and two milestone payments totaling $3.0 million and we have the right to receive up to an additional $46.0 million in potential future development milestones and up to $130.0 million in commercialization milestones as well as royalty payments.
We have a collaboration agreement with Seattle Genetics, Inc. (“SGI”) under which SGI has granted us an exclusive worldwide license to its proprietary ADCantibody-drug conjugate technology. We have the right to use this technology, which is based in part on technology licensed by SGI from third parties, to link chemotherapeutic agents to our monoclonal antibodies that target prostate specific membrane antigen utilizing technology licensed to us, through Cytogen Corporation, from Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. We are responsible for research, product development, manufacturing and commercialization of all products, and are obligated to make maintenance and milestone payments and to pay royalties to SGI and its licensors, as applicable, on a percentage of net sales. The SGI agreement terminates at the latestlater of (i) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of each licensed product in each country or (ii) the latest date of expiration of patents underlying the licensed products. We may terminate the agreement upon advance written notice; SGI may terminate if we fail to cure a breach of an SGI in-license after written notice; and either party may terminate after written notice upon an uncured breach or in the event of the other party'sparty’s bankruptcy.
RELISTOR
Under ourthe RELISTOR License Agreement, Salix PharmaceuticalsValeant is responsible for further developing and commercializing subcutaneous RelistorRELISTOR worldwide, including completing clinical development necessary to support regulatory marketing approvals for potential new indications and formulations, and marketing and selling the product. SalixValeant is marketing RelistorRELISTOR directly through its specialty sales force in the U.S., and outside the U.S., directly through distribution and marketing partners and sublicensing regional companies.partners. Under our Agreement with Salix,Valeant, we recognized in the third quarter of 2014 a $40 million development milestone for the chronic non-cancer pain indication approval, and remain eligible to receive (i) a development milestone of up to$40 million upon U.S. marketing approval for subcutaneous RELISTOR in non-cancer pain patients in 2014, and a development milestone of $50 million uponfor the U.S. marketing approval of an oral formulation of Relistor, and (ii)RELISTOR in July 2016. We are also eligible to receive up to $200 million of commercialization milestone payments upon achievement of specified U.S. sales targets, ranging from $10 million when calendar-year U.S. net sales first exceedincluding:
● | $10 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $100 million in any single calendar year; |
● | $15 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $150 million in any single calendar year; |
● | $20 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $200 million in any single calendar year; |
● | $30 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $300 million in any single calendar year; |
● | $50 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $750 million in any single calendar year; and |
● | $75 million based on the first achievement of combined U.S. net sales in excess of $1 billion in any single calendar year. |
Each commercialization milestone payment is payable one time only, regardless of the number of times the condition is satisfied, and all six payments could be made within the same calendar year. We are also eligible to $75 million when such sales first exceed $1 billion. We also receive royalties offrom Valeant and its affiliates based on the following royalty scale: 15% of calendar-yearon worldwide net sales by Salix and its affiliates up to $100 million, and are eligible to receive (i) 17% on the next $400 million of suchin worldwide net sales, and 19% on suchworldwide net sales over $500 million each calendar year, and (ii) 60% of any upfront, milestone, reimbursement or other revenue (net of costs of goods sold, as defined, and territory-specific research and development expense reimbursement) SalixValeant receives from sublicensees outside the U.S. In the event that marketing approval for the oral formulation is subject to a Black Box Warning or Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), payment of a substantial portion of specified milestone amounts would be deferred, and be subject, to achievement of the first commercialization milestone.
The RELISTOR License Agreement may be terminated by either party upon an uncured material breach or specified bankruptcy events. In addition, SalixValeant may terminate the RELISTOR License Agreement for unresolved safety or efficacy issues or at its discretion upon specified prior notice at any time, subject to our one-time right to postpone such termination for a specified period of time if we have not successfully transitioned the development and commercialization of the drug despite good faith and diligent efforts. SeeRisk Factors.
We have licensed to Salix areValeant our exclusive rights to develop and commercialize methylnaltrexone, the active ingredient of Relistor,RELISTOR, which we in-licensed from the University of Chicago.Chicago (“UC”). Our agreement with ChicagoUC provides for an exclusive license to intellectual property in exchange for development and potential commercialization obligations, low single-digit royalties on commercial sales of resulting products and single-digit percentages of milestone and sublicensing revenues, and shared patent policing responsibilities. The ChicagoUC agreement, as amended in connection with our RelistorRELISTOR collaborations, including substantially all of Progenics'our payment obligations thereunder, expires by its terms upon the expiration of the last to expire of the patents licensed thereunder, the last-to-expire of which expires in 2017.
Valeant has also entered into license and distribution agreements to expand its sales channels outside of the U.S. for RELISTOR. In January 2016, Valeant entered into a distribution agreement with Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, also known as Sobi, for RELISTOR in Western Europe, Russia and Greece. In 2016, we recognized license revenue of $720 thousand for our share of the upfront payment Valeant received from Lupin Limited pursuant to a distribution agreement for RELISTOR in Canada.
Patents and Proprietary Technology
Protection of our intellectual property rights is important to our business. We seek U.S. patent protection for many of our inventions, and generally file patent applications in Canada, Japan, European countries that are party to the European Patent Convention, and other countries on a selective basis in order to protect inventions we consider to be important to the development of business in those areas. Generally, patents issued in the U.S. are effective for either (i) 20 years from the earliest asserted filing date, if the application was filed on or after June 8, 1995, or (ii) the longer of 17 years from the date of issue or 20 years from the earliest asserted filing date, if the application was filed prior to that date.
In certain instances, the U.S. patent term can be extended up to a maximum of five years to recapture a portion of the term during which FDA regulatory review was being conducted. The duration of foreign patents varies in accordance with the provisions of applicable local law, although most countries provide for patent terms of 20 years from the earliest asserted filing date and allow patent extensions similar to those permitted in the U.S.
Patents may not enable us to preclude competitors from commercializing drugs in direct competition with our products, and consequently may not provide us with any meaningful competitive advantage. SeeRisk Factors. We also rely on trade secrets, proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain a competitive position in our product areas. We require our employees, consultants and corporate partners who have access to our proprietary information to sign confidentiality agreements.
Information with respect to our current patent portfolio is set forth below.
| Clinical and Research | Number of Patents | Expiration | Number of Patent Applications | ||||||||||||||||
| Candidates; Relistor | U.S. | International | Dates (1) | U.S. | International | ||||||||||||||
| Development programs | 25 | 84 | 2015-2031 | 13 | 39 | ||||||||||||||
| Relistor | 25 | 165 | 2015-2031 | 21 | 229 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 0 | 0 | - | 4 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| (1) Patent term extensions and pending patent applications may extend periods of patent protection. | |||||||||||||||||||
The original patents surrounding the AZEDRA program were licensed by Molecular Insight from the University of Western Ontario (“UWO”). The patent family directed to PSMA ADC, currently issued composition-of-matter patents comprising co-owned and in-licensed properties have expiration ranges of 2022 to 2023processes for making polymer precursors, as well as processes for making the final product, expire in 2018 in the U.S. and 2022Canada. Other licensed patent families from UWO relate to 2026 ex-U.S. Corresponding patentalternative approaches for preparing AZEDRA, which if implemented, would expire in 2024 worldwide. Progenics has pending applications as well as patent applicationsworldwide directed to methods of use (except formanufacturing improvements and the U.S. patent expiring in 2023) are pending worldwide,resulting compositions which, if issued, would have expiration ranges from 2022 to 2029. We view all of these patents as significant.
Owned and in-licensed properties relating to 1404 have expiration ranges of 20222020 to 2030;2029; we view as most significant the composition-of-matter patent on the compound, as well as technetium-99 labeled forms, which expiresexpire in 2029 worldwide. Patent applications directed to methods of use are pending worldwide, which if issued would expire in 2034.
The PyL patent family was licensed from Johns Hopkins University. Patent protection for the compound, radiolabeled forms of the compound, as well as methods of use, expire in 2030 in the U.S. Corresponding patent family members are pending or issued worldwide, all expiring in 2029. Owned
Company-owned properties relating to MIP-10951095 have expiration ranges of 2027 to 2031; we2031 in the U.S. We view as most significant the composition-of-matter patent on this compound, as well as radiolabeled forms, which expires in 2027.2027 in the U.S., as well as Europe. Additional U.S. patents are directed to various inventionsstable compositions and radiolabeling processes which expire in 2030 and 2031, respectively.
We own properties relating to automated detection of bone cancer metastases through our acquisition of EXINI. The patents on this technology expire in 2028.
The intellectual property directed to PSMA antibody-drug conjugate comprises co-owned and in-licensed properties. Composition-of-matter patents have expirations of 2022 and 2023 in the U.S and a pending U.S. application which would expire in 2026, if issued. A U.S. patent directed to methods of use expires in 2031. Corresponding foreign counterparts to the U.S. composition-of-matter patents in Europe and certain other markets will expire 2022 and 2026, along with a method of use patent which expires in 2029. We view all of these product candidates, and corresponding patent applications are pending worldwide.
With regard to our Relistor-relatedRELISTOR-related intellectual property, the composition-of-matter patent for the active ingredient of Relistor,RELISTOR, methylnaltrexone, was invented in the 1970's1970’s and has expired. The University of Chicago, as well as Progenicsus and itsour collaborators, have extended the methylnaltrexone patent estate with additional patents and pending patent applications covering various inventions relating to the product. SalixValeant has listed in the FDA Orange Book fivesix U.S. patents relating to subcutaneous Relistor,RELISTOR, which have expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2030, and one patentsix U.S. patents relating to RELISTOR tablet, which have expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2031. Three Canadian patents (expiring in 2024)2024 and 2027) have been listed with Health Canada. Issued U.S. patents provide protection for the oral methylnaltrexone product until 2031.Canada relating to subcutaneous RELISTOR.
We are aware of intellectual property rights held by third parties that relate to products or technologies we are developing. For example, we are aware of others investigating and developing technologies, imaging agents and drug candidates directed toward PSMA or related compounds as well as in the case of methylnaltrexone and other peripheral opioid antagonists, and of patents and applications held or filed by others in those areas. The validity of issued patents, patentability of claimed inventions in pending applications and applicability of any of them to our programs are uncertain and subject to change, and patent rights asserted against us could adversely affect our ability to commercialize or collaborate with others on specific products.
Research, development, and commercialization of a biopharmaceutical product often require choosing between alternative development and optimization routes at various stages in the development process. Preferred routes depend upon current --– and may be affected by subsequent --– discoveries and test results and cannot be identified with certainty at the outset. There are numerous third-party patents in fields in which we work, and we may need to obtain license under patents of others in order to pursue a preferred development route of one or more of our product candidates. The need to obtain a license would decrease the ultimate value and profitability of an affected product. If we cannot negotiate such a license, we might have to pursue a less desirable development route or terminate the entire program altogether.
Government Regulation
We and itsour product candidates are subject to comprehensive regulation by the U.S. FDA and comparable authorities in other countries. Pharmaceutical regulation currently is a topic of substantial interest in lawmaking and regulatory bodies in the U.S. and internationally, and numerous proposals exist for changes in FDA and non-U.S. regulation of pre-clinical and clinical testing, approval, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, storage, recordkeeping, labeling, marketing, export, advertising, promotion and other aspects of biologics, small molecule drugs and medical devices, many of which, if adopted, could significantly alter our business and the current regulatory structure described below. SeeRisk Factors.
FDA Regulation. Regulation
FDA approval, which involves review of scientific, clinical and commercial data, manufacturing processes and facilities, is required before a product candidate may be marketed in the U.S. This process is costly, time consuming and subject to unanticipated delays, and a drug candidate may fail to progress at any point.
None of our product candidates other than RelistorRELISTOR has received marketing approval from the FDA or any other regulatory authority. The process required by the FDA before product candidates may be approved for marketing in the U.S. generally involves:
● | pre-clinical laboratory and animal tests; |
● | submission to and favorable review by the FDA of an investigational new drug application before clinical trials may begin; |
● | adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended indication (animal and other nonclinical studies also are typically conducted during each phase of human clinical trials); |
● | submission to the FDA of a marketing application; and |
● | FDA review of the marketing application in order to determine, among other things, whether the product is safe and effective for its intended uses. |
Pre-clinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and animal studies to gain preliminary information about a compound'scompound’s pharmacology and toxicology and to identify safety problems that would preclude testing in humans. Since product candidates must generally be manufactured according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)(“cGMP”), pre-clinical safety tests must be conducted by laboratories that comply with FDA good laboratory practices regulations. Pre-clinical testing is preceded by initial research related to specific molecular targets, synthesis of new chemical entities, assay development and screening for identification and optimization of lead compound(s).
Results of pre-clinical tests are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND which must become effective before clinical trials may commence. The IND submission must include, among other things, a description of the sponsor'ssponsor’s investigational plan; protocols for each planned study; chemistry, manufacturing and control information; pharmacology and toxicology information and a summary of previous human experience with the investigational drug. Unless the FDA objects to, makes comments or raises questions concerning an IND, it becomes effective 30 days following submission, and initial clinical studies may begin. Companies often obtain affirmative FDA approval, however, before beginning such studies.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or to individuals under the supervision of a qualified principal investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the FDA'sFDA’s Good Clinical Practice requirements under protocols submitted to the FDA that detail, among other things, the objectives of the study, parameters used to monitor safety and effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each clinical study must be conducted under the auspices of an Institutional Review Board, which considers, among other things, ethical factors, safety of human subjects, possible liability of the institution and informed consent disclosure which must be made to participants in the trial.
Clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, which may overlap. During phasePhase 1, when the drug is initially administered to human subjects, the product is tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. Phase 2 involves studies in a limited population to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of the product for specific, targeted indications, determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage and identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.
When a product candidate is found in phasePhase 2 evaluation to have an effect and an acceptable safety profile, phasePhase 3 trials are undertaken in order to further evaluate clinical efficacy and test for safety within an expanded population. Safety studies are conducted in accordance with the FDA'sFDA’s International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. Phase 2 results do not guarantee a similar outcome in phasePhase 3 trials. The FDA may suspend clinical trials at any point in this process if it concludes that clinical subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.
A New Drug Application or NDA,(“NDA”) is an application to the FDA to market a new drug. A Biologic License Application or BLA,(“BLA”) is an application to market a biological product. The new drug or biological product may not be marketed in the U.S. until the FDA has approved the NDA or issued a biologic license. The NDA must contain, among other things, information on chemistry, manufacturing and controls; non-clinical pharmacology and toxicology; human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability; and clinical data. The BLA must contain, among other things, data derived from nonclinical laboratory and clinical studies which demonstrate that the product meets prescribed standards of safety, purity and potency, and a full description of manufacturing methods. Supplemental NDAs (sNDAs)(“sNDAs”) are submitted to obtain regulatory approval for additional indications for a previously approved drug, and are reviewed by the FDA in a similar manner.
The results of the pre-clinical studies and clinical studies, the chemistry and manufacturing data, and the proposed labeling, among other things, are submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA or BLA. The FDA may refuse to accept the application for filing if certain administrative and content criteria are not satisfied, and even after accepting the application for review, the FDA may require additional testing or information before approval of the application, in either case based upon changes in applicable law or FDA policy during the period of product development and FDA regulatory review. The applicant'sapplicant’s analysis of the results of clinical studies is subject to review and interpretation by the FDA, which may differ from the applicant'sapplicant’s analysis, and in any event, the FDA must deny an NDA or BLA if applicable regulatory requirements are not ultimately satisfied. If regulatory approval of a product is granted, such approval may be made subject to various conditions, including post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety of the product, or may entail limitations on the indicated uses for which it may be marketed. Product approvals may also be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur following initial marketing.
Orphan Drug, Fast Track, and Breakthrough Therapy Designations
Other FDA regulations and policies relating to drug approval which are complex and multi-faceted. Two such policies which may apply to somehave implications for certain of our current or future product candidates, are "Fast Track" approval for new drugs or biologics intended for the treatment of serious or life-threatening conditions which demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs, andparticularly AZEDRA. Designation as an Orphan Drug designation,is available under U.S., E.U., and other laws for drug candidates intended to treat rare diseases or conditions, and which if approved are granted a period of market exclusivity, subject to various conditions. Orphan Drug designation does not shorten or otherwise convey any advantage in the regulatory approval process. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an Orphan Drug if it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition, generally defined as a patient population of fewer than 200,000 in the U.S.. AZEDRA is designated as an Orphan Drug.
In the U.S., Orphan Drug designation entitles a party to certain financial incentives such as opportunities for grant funding towards clinical trial costs, tax advantages and user-fee waivers. In addition, if a product receives the first FDA approval for the indication for which it has orphan designation, the product is entitled to Orphan Drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other application to market the same drug for the same indication for a period of seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as a showing of clinical superiority over the product with orphan exclusivity or where the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient product quantity.
In cases where the extent and scope of patent protection for a product is limited, the exclusivity period resulting from Orphan Drug designation may be important in helping products maintain a competitive position. Even if a product obtains Orphan Drug exclusivity, however, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product from competition because different drugs with different active moieties may be approved for the same condition. Even after an Orphan Drug is approved, the FDA may subsequently approve the same drug with the same active moiety for the same condition if the FDA concludes that the later drug is safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to patient care.
The FDA is also authorized to designate certain products for expedited review if they are intended to address an unmet medical need in the treatment of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition. These mechanisms for expedited review include fast track designation, breakthrough therapy designation and priority review designation. AZEDRA has received both fast track and breakthrough therapy designations.
The FDA may designate a product for fast track review if it is intended, whether alone or in combination with one or more other drugs, for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening disease or condition, and it demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for such a disease or condition. For fast track products, sponsors may have greater interactions with the FDA and the FDA may initiate review of sections of a fast track product’s NDA before the application is complete. This rolling review may be available if the FDA determines, after preliminary evaluation of clinical data submitted by the sponsor, that a fast track product may be effective. The sponsor must also provide, and the FDA must approve, a schedule for the submission of the remaining information and the sponsor must pay applicable user fees. However, the FDA’s time period goal for reviewing a fast track application does not begin until the last section of the NDA is submitted. In addition, the fast track designation may be withdrawn by the FDA if the FDA believes that the designation is no longer supported by data emerging in the clinical trial process.
In 2012, as part of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Improvement Act, a new regulatory scheme was established allowing expedited review of products designated as “breakthrough therapies.” A product may be designated as a breakthrough therapy if it is intended, either alone or in combination with one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the product may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints, such as substantial treatment effects observed early in clinical development. The FDA may take certain actions with respect to breakthrough therapies, including holding meetings with the sponsor throughout the development process; providing timely advice to the product sponsor regarding development and approval; involving more senior staff in the review process; assigning a cross-disciplinary project lead for the review team; and taking other steps to design the clinical trials in an efficient manner.
Finally, the FDA may designate a product for priority review if it is a drug that treats a serious condition and, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in safety or effectiveness. The FDA determines, on a case-by-case basis, whether the proposed drug represents a significant improvement when compared with other available therapies. Significant improvement may be illustrated by evidence of increased effectiveness in the treatment of a condition, elimination or substantial reduction of a treatment-limiting drug reaction, documented enhancement of patient compliance that may lead to improvement in serious outcomes, and evidence of safety and effectiveness in a new subpopulation. A priority designation is intended to direct overall attention and resources to the evaluation of such applications, and to shorten the FDA’s goal for taking action on a marketing application from ten months to six months.
Both before and after approval is obtained, a product, its manufacturer and the sponsor of the marketing application for the product are subject to comprehensive regulatory oversight. Violations of existing or newly-adopted regulatory requirements at any stage, including the pre-clinical and clinical testing process, the approval process, or thereafter, may result in various adverse consequences, including FDA delay in approving or refusal to approve a product, withdrawal of an approved product from the market or the imposition of criminal penalties against the manufacturer or sponsor. Later discovery of previously unknown problems may result in restrictions on the product, manufacturer or sponsor, including withdrawal of the product from the market.
Regulation Outside the U.S.
Whether or not FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a pharmaceutical product by comparable government regulatory authorities abroad must be obtained prior to marketing the product there. The approval procedure varies from country to country, and the time required may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements for regulatory approval by governmental agencies in other countries prior to commercialization of products there can be rigorous, costly and uncertain, and approvals may not be granted on a timely basis or at all.
In E.U. countries, Canada, Australia, and Japan, regulatory requirements and approval processes are similar in principle to those in the U.S. Regulatory approval in Japan requires that clinical trials of new drugs be conducted in Japanese patients. Depending on the type of drug for which approval is sought, there are currently two potential tracks for marketing approval in the E.U. countries: mutual recognition and the centralized procedure. These review mechanisms may ultimately lead to approval in all E.U. countries, but each method grants all participating countries some decision-making authority in product approval. The centralized procedure, which is mandatory for biotechnology derived products, results in a recommendation in all member states, while the E.U. mutual recognition process involves country-by-country approval.
In other countries, regulatory requirements may require additional pre-clinical or clinical testing regardless of whether FDA or European approval has been obtained. This is the case in Japan, where trials are required to involve patient populations which we and our other collaborators have not examined in detail. If a product is manufactured in the U.S., it is also subject to FDA and other U.S. export provisions. In most countries outside the U.S., coverage, pricing and reimbursement approvals are also required, which may affect the profitability of the affected product.
Other Regulation.Regulation
In addition to regulations enforced by the FDA, we are also subject to regulation under the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act, Environmental Protection Act, Toxic Substances Control Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and various other current and potential future U.S. federal, state or local regulations. In addition, Molecular Insight'sour research is dependent on maintenance of licenses from various authorities permitting the acquisition, use and storage of quantities of radioactive isotopes that are critical for its manufacture and testing of research products. Biopharmaceutical research and development generally involves the controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals, viruses, and various radioactive compounds. Even strict compliance with safety procedures for storing, handling, using and disposing of such materials prescribed by applicable regulations cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contaminations or injury from these materials, which may result in liability for resulting legal and regulatory violations as well as damages.
Manufacturing
Under ourthe RELISTOR License Agreement, SalixValeant is responsible for the manufacture and supply, at its expense, of all active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)(“API”) and finished and packaged products for its RelistorRELISTOR commercialization efforts, including contracting with contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs)(“CMOs”) for supply of RelistorRELISTOR API and subcutaneous and oral finished drug product.
As to our other product candidates, we engaged a third-party CMO tothe manufacture additional clinical trial suppliesof biopharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals is relatively complex and requires significant capital expenditures. As part of our PSMA monoclonal antibodyongoing efforts to manage our development costs and timely execute on our development plans, we expect to continue using CMOsrely on third parties for other portions of the PSMA ADC manufacturing process.clinical manufacturing. We have engaged third-party CMOs to manufacture API and finished drug products for clinical trial supplies of AzedraAZEDRA, and are engaged in the process of putting in place sufficient manufacturing capacity to deliver commercial supplies in advance of the anticipated approval of AZEDRA. We have also partnered with third-parties to produce clinical trial supplies of 1404, PyL, and 1095, and may in the future undertake such efforts with respect to other assets and programs. As a result, we depend significantly on the availability of high quality CMO services. If we are unable to arrange for satisfactory CMO services, we would need to undertake such responsibilities on our own.own, resulting in our having to incur additional expenses and potentially delaying the development of our product candidates. SeeRisk Factors..
Commercial Organization
We plan to commercialize AZEDRA in the U.S. ourselves, if regulatory approval is obtained, and Marketing
Competition
Competition in the biopharmaceutical industry is intense and characterized by ongoing research and development and technological change. We face competition from many for-profit companies and major universities and research institutions in the U.S. and abroad. We face competition from companies marketing existing products or developing new products for diseases targeted by our technologies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources, experience in conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approvals for their products, operating experience, research and development and marketing capabilities and production capabilities than we do. Our products and product candidates under development may not compete successfully with existing products or products under development by other companies, universities and other institutions. Drug manufacturers that are first in the market with a therapeutic for a specific indication generally obtain and maintain a significant competitive advantage over later entrants and therefore, the speed with which industry participants move to develop products, complete clinical trials, approve processes and commercialize products is an important competitive factor.
Relistor isRELISTOR was the first FDA-approved product for any indication involving OIC. We are, however, aware of other approved and marketed products, as well as candidates in pre-clinical or clinical development, that target the side effects of opioid pain therapy. In September 2014, the FDA approved MOVANTIK™MOVANTIK® (naloxegol), an oral peripheral mu-opioid receptor antagonist for patients with OIC developed by a Nektar Therapeutics-AstraZeneca PLC collaboration, which also has a related combination product in early stage development. MOVANTIK was made available to patients in 2015. In December 2014, AstraZeneca was granted a Marketing Authorization by the European Commission for MOVENTIG®MOVENTIG® (naloxegol) for the treatment of OIC in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to laxative(s). Cubist Pharmaceuticals, which acquired Adolor Corporation in 2011,a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., markets ENTEREG® (alvimopan) for the treatment of postoperative ileus, and is in phasehas completed Phase 3 testing of a compound for OIC in chronic-pain patients. Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in collaboration with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, markets AMITIZA®(lubiprostone), a selective chloride channel activator, for chronic idiopathic (non-opioid related) constipation, and in April 2013 received FDA approval of this drug for opioid-induced constipation. Shionogi & Co. is developing naldemedine,filed an NDA with the FDA for Symproic®, another mu-opioid receptor antagonist, for patients with OIC. The target action date for Symproic under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”) is March 23, 2017. In December 2016, Shionogi and Purdue Pharma L.P. announced the establishment of an alliance for the joint U.S. launch and commercialization of Symproic. Theravance, Inc. has completed phasePhase 2 clinical testing of an oral peripheral mu-opioid antagonist. In Europe, Mundipharma International Limited markets TARGIN® (oxycodone/naloxone), a combination of an opioid and a systemic opioid antagonist. Other prescription, as well as over-the-counter (OTC)(“OTC”), constipation products are also prescribed first line for OIC.
As to ouroncology pipeline, radiation and surgery are two traditional forms of treatment for prostate cancer. If the disease spreads, hormone (androgen) suppression therapy is often used to slow the cancer'scancer’s progression, but this form of treatment can eventually become ineffective. We are aware of several competitors who are developing or have received approval for alternative treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer, some of which are directed against PSMA, including Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Janssen Biotech, Inc.'s’s ZYTIGA® (abiraterone acetate), approved in 2011 for use in combination with prednisone as a second-line (after treatmentchemotherapy with docetaxel) advancedfor metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment, and later for use with prednisone for metastatic castration-resistant disease before the use of chemotherapy; Medivation, Inc.'s’s XTANDI® (enzalutamide), approved in August 2012 for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel;docetaxel, and later for treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer before use of chemotherapy; and Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.'s’s ALPHARADIN® (radium-223 dichloride) (marketed as XOFIGO®), submitted in late 2012approved for marketing authorization for therapytreatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. A competitive productand no known visceral metastatic disease. Competitive products to 1404 is Jazz Pharmaceuticals'our PSMA-targeted imaging agents include PROSTASCINT®, which Aytu Bioscience Inc. acquired from Jazz Pharmaceuticals in 2015 and which is approved for detection of metastatic prostate cancer or relapsed or high-risk prostate cancer patients. patients; and Blue Earth Diagnostic, Inc.’s AxuminTM (fluciclovine F 18), approved in 2016 as a diagnostic agent for injection that can be used to detect recurring prostate cancer.
There are currently no approved anticancer treatments in the U.S. for malignant and/or recurrent pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. When the disease cannot be surgically resected, patients may be treated with limited success with chemotherapy or I-131 labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG).
A significant amount of research in the biopharmaceutical field is carried out at academic and government institutions.institutions. An element of our research and development strategy has been to in-license technology and product candidates from academic and government institutions. These institutions are sensitive to the commercial value of their findings and pursue patent protection and negotiate licensing arrangements to collect royalties for use of technology they develop. They may also market competitive commercial products on their own or in collaboration with competitors and compete with us in recruiting highly qualified scientific personnel, which may result in increased costs or decreased availability of technology or product candidates from these institutions to other industry participants.
Competition with respect to our technologies and products is based on, among other things, product efficacy, safety, reliability, method of administration, availability, price and clinical benefit relative to cost; timing and scope of regulatory approval; sales, marketing and manufacturing capabilities; collaborator capabilities; insurance and other reimbursement coverage; and patent protection. Competitive position in our industry also depends on a participant'sparticipant’s ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent protection or otherwise develop proprietary products or processes, and secure sufficient capital resources for the typically substantial period between technological conception and commercial sales.
Product Liability
The testing, manufacturing and marketing of our product candidates and products involves an inherent risk of product liability attributable to unwanted and potentially serious health effects. To the extent we elect to test, manufacture or market product candidates and products independently, we bear the risk of product liability directly. We maintain product liability insurance coverage in amounts and pursuant to terms and conditions customary for our industry, scale, and the amountnature of $10.0 million per occurrence, subject to a deductible and a $10.0 million aggregate limitation.our activities. Where local statutory requirements exceed the limits of our existing insurance or local policies of insurance are required, we maintain additional clinical trial liability insurance to meet these requirements. This insurance is subject to deductibles and coverage limitations. The availability and cost of maintaining insurance may change over time.
Human Resources
At December 31, 2014,2016, we had 5758 full-time employees, 11 of whom hold Ph.D. degrees and 12 of whom holdshold M.D. degree.degrees. At that date, 4137 employees were engaged in research and development, medical, regulatory affairs, and manufacturing related activities and 1621 were engaged in finance, legal, administration, sales, and business development. We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
ItemItem 1A. Risk Factors
Product Development-related Risks
Drug development is a long and inherently uncertain process with a high risk of failure at every stage of development.
Drug development is a highly uncertain scientific and medical endeavor, and failure can unexpectedly occur at any stage of clinical development. Typically, there is a high rate of attrition for product candidates in preclinical and clinical trials due to scientific feasibility, safety, efficacy, changing standards of medical care and other variables. The risk of failure increases for our product candidates that are based on new technologies, as well as technologies with which we have limited prior experience, such as those originally developed by Molecular Insight. Pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are long, expensive and highly uncertain processes that can take many years. It will take us, or our collaborators, several years to complete clinical trials and the time required for completing testing and obtaining approvals is uncertain. The start or end of a clinical trial is often delayed or halted due to changing regulatory requirements, manufacturing challenges, required clinical trial administrative actions, slower than anticipated patient enrollment, changing standards of care, availability or prevalence of use of a comparator drug or required prior therapy, clinical outcomes, or our and our partners’ financial constraints. The FDA and other U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies have substantial discretion, at any phase of development, to terminate clinical trials, require additional clinical development or other testing, delay or withhold registration and marketing approval and mandate product withdrawals, including recalls. Results attained in early human clinical trials may not be indicative of results in later clinical trials. In addition, many of our investigational or experimental drugs are at an early stage of development, and successful commercialization of early stage product candidates requires significant research, development, testing and approvals by regulators, and additional investment. Our products in the research or pre-clinical development stage may not yield results that would permit or justify clinical testing. Our failure to demonstrate adequately the safety and efficacy of a product under development would delay or prevent marketing approval, which could adversely affect our operating results and credibility. The failure of one or more of our product candidates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The future of our business and operations depends on the success of our RelistorRELISTOR collaborations and our oncology research and development and commercialization programs.
Our business and operations entail a variety of serious risks and uncertainties and are inherently risky. The research and development programs on which we focus involve novel approaches to human therapeutics. Our principal product candidates are in clinical development, and in some respects involve technologies with which we have limited prior experience. We are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development and commercialization of product candidates based on new technologies. There is little precedent for the successful commercialization of products based on our technologies, and there are a number of technological challenges that we must overcome to complete most of our development efforts. We may not be able successfully to develop further any of our product candidates. We and our RelistorRELISTOR and other collaborators must successfully complete clinical trials and obtain regulatory approvals for potential commercial products. Once approved, if at all, commercial product sales are subject to general and industry-specific local and international economic, regulatory, technological and policy developments and trends. Delays, higher costs or other weaknesses in manufacturing process capability of our CMOs could hinder the research, development and commercialization of our product pipeline. The oncology space in which we operate presents numerous significant risks and uncertainties that may be expected to increase to the extent it becomes more competitive or less favored in the commercial healthcare marketplace.
The long-term success of our acquisitionacquisitions of Molecular Insight and EXINI will be subject to all of the risks and uncertainties described in these risk factors. In addition, the estimated fair values of Molecular Insight assets and liabilities reflected in our financial statements do not, given their uniqueness and attendant uncertainties, reflect actual transactions or quoted prices and may not correlate to any future values or results. Such information should not be interpreted or relied upon as indicative of any future value or results. Our failure to manage successfully any of our product candidates, technologies or programs could have an adverse impact on our business, and on the price of our stock.
If we or our collaborators do not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates on a timely basis, or at all, or if the terms of any approval impose significant restrictions or limitations on use, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. Setbacks in clinical development programs could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Regulatory approvals are necessary to market product candidates and require demonstration of a product’s safety and efficacy through extensive pre-clinical and clinical trials. We or our collaborators may not obtain regulatory approval for product candidates on a timely basis, or at all, and the terms of any approval (which in some countries includes pricing approval) may impose significant restrictions, limitations on use or other commercially unattractive conditions. The process of obtaining FDA and foreign regulatory approvals often takes many years and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the products involved. We have had only limited experience in filing and pursuing applications and other submissions necessary to gain marketing approvals. Products under development may never obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other regulatory authorities necessary for commercialization.
We, our collaborators or regulators may also amend, suspend or terminate clinical trials if we or they believe that the participating patients are being exposed to unacceptable health risks, and after reviewing trial results, we or our collaborators may abandon projects which we previously believed to be promising for commercial or other reasons unrelated to patient risks. During this process, we may find, for example, that results of pre-clinical studies are inconclusive or not indicative of results in human clinical trials, clinical investigators or contract research organizations do not comply with protocols or applicable regulatory requirements, or that product candidates do not have the desired efficacy or have undesirable side effects or other characteristics that preclude marketing approval or limit their potential commercial use if approved. In such circumstances, the entire development program for that product candidate could be adversely affected, resulting in delays in trials or regulatory filings for further marketing approval and a possible need to reconfigure our clinical trial programs to conduct additional trials or abandon the program involved. Conducting additional clinical trials or making significant revisions to a clinical development plan would lead to delays in regulatory filings. If clinical trials indicate, or regulatory bodies are concerned about, actual or possible serious problems with the safety or efficacy of a product candidate, such as the concerns expressed during consideration of the oral RELISTOR development program, we or our collaborators may stop or significantly slow development or commercialization of affected products. As a result of such concerns, the development programs for our product candidates may be significantly delayed or terminated altogether.
If the results of any of our future product candidate trials are not satisfactory or we or our collaborators encounter problems enrolling patients, clinical trial supply issues, setbacks in developing drug formulations, including raw material-supply, manufacturing, stability or other difficulties, or issues complying with protocols or applicable regulatory requirements, the entire development program for our product candidates could be adversely affected in a material manner. Such scenarios could also befall our other clinical-stage product candidates. If any of our collaborators breach or terminate its agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct successfully and in a timely manner the collaborative activities for which they are responsible, the preclinical or clinical development or commercialization of the affected product candidate or research program could be delayed or terminated. We generally do not control the amount and timing of resources that our collaborators devote to our programs or product candidates. We also do not know whether current or future collaboration partners, if any, might pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, as a means for developing treatments for the diseases or conditions targeted by our collaborative arrangements. Setbacks of these types could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We or our collaborators must design and conduct successful clinical trials for our product candidates to obtain regulatory approval. We rely on third parties for conduct of clinical trials, which reduces our control over them and may expose us to conflicts of interest. Clinical trial results may be unfavorable or inconclusive, and often take longer than expected.
We have limited internal resources with conducting clinical trials, and we rely on or obtain the assistance of others to design, conduct, supervise, or monitor some or all aspects of some of our clinical trials, including our ongoing Phase 3 trial of 1404, Phase 2/3 trial of PyL, and Phase 1 trial of 1095. We have less control over the timing and other aspects of clinical trials for which we rely on third parties, such as CROs, clinical data management organizations, medical institutions or clinical investigators, than if we conducted them entirely on our own. These third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. In all events, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with the general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. The FDA requires us to comply with good clinical practices for conducting and recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements.
To obtain regulatory approval of drug candidates, we must demonstrate through preclinical studies and clinical trials that they are safe and effective. Adverse or inconclusive clinical trial results concerning any of our drug candidates, or trials which regulators find deficient in scope, design or one or more other material respects, could require additional trials, resulting in increased costs, significant delays in submissions of approval applications, approvals in narrower indications than originally sought, or denials of approval, none of which we can predict. As a result, any projections that we publicly announce of commencement and duration of clinical trials are not certain. We have experienced clinical trial delays in the past as a result of slower than anticipated enrollment and such delays may recur. Delays can be caused by, among other things, deaths or other adverse medical events; regulatory or patent issues; interim or final results of ongoing clinical trials; failure to enroll clinical sites as expected; competition for enrollment from other clinical trials; scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians and institutions; disagreements, disputes or other matters arising from collaborations; our inability to obtain necessary funding; or manufacturing problems.
Under our license agreement, Valeant generally has responsibility for conducting RELISTOR clinical trials, including all trials outside of the U.S. In addition, certain clinical trials for our product candidates may be conducted by government-sponsored agencies, and consequently will be dependent on governmental participation and funding. These arrangements expose us to the same considerations we face when contracting with third parties for our own trials.
Even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval, our ability to generate revenue will be diminished if our products are not accepted in the marketplace, or if we or our collaboration partnersselect pricing strategies for our productsthat are less competitive thanthose of our competitors, or fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for products from third-party payers or government agencies.
The commercial success of our products will depend upon their acceptance by the medical community and third-party payers as clinically useful, cost effective and safe. Market acceptance of approved products, such as RELISTOR for patients with advanced illnesses and for those with chronic, non-cancer pain, is affected by a wide range of factors, including the timing of regulatory approvals, product launches and the presence of generic, over-the-counter or other competitors; the pricing of the product and relative prices of competing products; product development efforts for new indications; the availability of reimbursement for the product; our ability to obtain sufficient commercial quantities of the product; success in arranging for necessary sublicense or distribution relationships; and general and industry-specific local and international economic pressures. If health care providers believe that patients can be managed adequately with alternative, currently available therapies, they may not prescribe our products, especially if the alternative therapies are viewed as more effective, as having a better safety or tolerability profile, as being more convenient to the patient or health care providers or as being less expensive. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any products we develop, alone or with collaborators. For pharmaceuticals administered in an institutional setting, the ability of the institution to be adequately reimbursed from government and health administration authorities, private health insurers and other third-party payers could also play a significant role in demand for our products. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly-approved pharmaceuticals. Government and other third-party payers increasingly are attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. In most foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the U.S., we expect that there will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to implement similar government control and that the emphasis on managed care in the U.S. will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that our collaborators receive for any products in the future and adversely affect the ability of our collaborators to commercialize our products and our realization of royalties from commercialization. If any of our products do not achieve market acceptance, we will likely lose our entire investment in that product.
RELISTOR-related Risks
We are dependent on Salix and other business partnersValeant to develop and commercialize Relistor,RELISTOR, exposing us to significant risks.
We rely on SalixValeant to complete development and obtain regulatory approvals for additional formulationsRELISTOR worldwide. At present, our revenue is almost exclusively derived from royalty and milestone payments from our RELISTOR collaboration with Valeant, which can result in significant fluctuation in our revenue from period to period, and our past revenue is therefore not necessarily indicative of and indications for Relistor worldwide.our future revenue. We are and will be dependent upon SalixValeant and any other business partners with which we may collaborate in the future to perform and fund development, including clinical testing of Relistor,RELISTOR, making related regulatory filings and manufacturing and marketing products, including for new indications and in new formulations, in their respective territories. Revenue from the sale of RelistorRELISTOR depends entirely upon the efforts of SalixValeant and its sublicensees, which have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources they apply to sales of Relistor. SalixRELISTOR. Valeant may not be effective in obtaining approvals for new indications or formulations, marketing existing or future products or arranging for necessary sublicense or distribution relationships. Our business relationships with SalixValeant and other partners may not be scientifically, clinically or commercially successful. For example, SalixValeant has a variety of marketed products. Salix is not, however, a large diversified pharmaceutical companyproducts and does not have resources commensurate with such companies. Salix has its own corporate objectives, which may not be consistent with our best interests, and may change its strategic focus or pursue alternative technologies in a manner that results in reduced or delayed revenue to us. ChangesValeant may also have commercial and financial interests that are not fully aligned with ours in a given territory or territories - which may make it more difficult for us to fully realize the value of this nature might also occur if Salix were acquired or if its management changed, such asRELISTOR, particularly in markets outside the departure of Salix's chief financial officer in November 2014 and its chief executive officer in January 2015.U.S. We may have future disagreements with Salix,Valeant, which has significantly greater financial and managerial resources which it could draw upon in the event of a dispute. Such disagreements could lead to lengthy and expensive litigation or other dispute-resolution proceedings as well as extensive financial and operational consequences to us and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, independent actions may be taken by SalixValeant concerning product development, marketing strategies, manufacturing and supply issues, and rights relating to intellectual property.
The merger of Salix and Valeant may negatively affect our collaborative agreements with Salix and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Future developments in the commercialization of RelistorRELISTOR may result in SalixValeant or any other business partner with which we may collaborate in the future taking independent actions concerning product development, marketing strategies or other matters, including termination of its efforts to develop and commercialize the drug.
Although the FDA could resultapproved RELISTOR Tablets for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain and Valeant subsequently announced the terminationU.S. commercial launch of itsthe product on September 6, 2016, there can be no assurances that we and our partners will be able to successfully obtain approval to market oral OIC Relistor development program.RELISTOR outside the U.S. or for any other indications. In addition, our and our partners’ ability to optimally commercialize either oral or subcutaneous RELISTOR in a given jurisdiction may be impacted by applicable labeling and other regulatory requirements. As noted in our risk factors on regulation and regulatory approvals, if clinical trials indicate, or regulatory bodies are concerned about, actual or possible serious problems with the safety or efficacy of a product candidate, we or our collaborators may stop or significantly slow development or commercialization of affected products. As a result of such concerns, the development programand/or commercialization programs for oral RelistorRELISTOR and our other products and product candidates may in the future be significantly delayed or terminated altogether. In such an event, we could be faced with either further developing and commercializing the drug on our own or with one or more substitute collaborators, either of which paths would subject us to the development, commercialization, collaboration and/or financing risks discussed in these risk factors. Any such significant action adverse to development and commercialization of RelistorRELISTOR could have a material adverse impact on our business and on the price of our stock.
Certain RELISTOR-related patents are subject to generic challenge.
In October 2015 Progenics received notifications of Paragraph IV certifications with respect to certain patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection, which are listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, or the Orange Book. The certifications accompanied the filing by Actavis Inc. and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) challenging such patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection.
Progenics and its licensee for RELISTOR, Valeant, have timely filed suit and commenced litigation against Actavis and Mylan. FDA approval of the ANDA has been automatically stayed until the earlier of (i) 30 months from receipt of the notice or (ii) a District Court decision finding that the identified patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed.
In October 2016 Progenics received a notification of a Paragraph IV certification with respect to certain patents for RELISTOR Tablets, which are listed in the FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, or the Orange Book. The certification accompanied the filing by Actavis LLC. of an ANDA challenging such patents for RELISTOR Tablets. Progenics and its licensee for RELISTOR, Valeant, are assessing the notification and intend to vigorously enforce RELISTOR intellectual property rights.
In addition to the above described ANDA notifications, in October 2015 Progenics also received notices of opposition to three European patents (EP 1615646, EP 2368554 and EP 2368553) relating to methylnaltrexone. The oppositions were filed separately by each of Actavis Group PTC ehf and Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH.
Although Progenics and Valeant are cooperating to defend against both the ANDA challenges and the European oppositions, and intend to vigorously enforce RELISTOR intellectual property rights, such litigation is inherently subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that the outcome of these litigations will be favorable to Progenics or Valeant. An unfavorable outcome in these cases could result in the rapid genericization of RELISTOR products, or could result in the shortening of available patent life. Any such outcome could have a material impact on our financial performance and stock price.
Pursuant to the RELISTOR license agreement between Progenics and Valeant, Valeant has the first right to enforce the intellectual property rights at issue and is responsible for the costs of such enforcement. At the same time, supporting the conduct of the litigations in the U.S. and in Europe will continue to require significant management focus and internal resources of Progenics.
Operational and Regulatory Risks
We are subject to extensive regulation, which can be costly and time consuming, may not lead to marketing approval for our product candidates, and can subject us to unanticipated limitations, restrictions, delays and fines.
Our business, products and product candidates are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA and comparable authorities in other countries, and include the recently enacted Sunshine Act under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. These agencies and other entities regulate the pre-clinical and clinical testing, safety, effectiveness, approval, manufacture, labeling, marketing, export, storage, recordkeeping, advertising, promotion and other aspects of our products and product candidates. We cannot guarantee that approvals of product candidates, processes or facilities will be granted on a timely basis, or at all. If we experience delays or failures in obtaining approvals, commercialization of our product candidates will be slowed or stopped.
Even if we obtain regulatory approval for a product candidate, the approval may include significant limitations on indicated uses for which the product could be marketed or other significant marketing restrictions, such as a REMS. For example, while subcutaneous RelistorRELISTOR is approved for OIC both in patients with advanced illness and for those with chronic, non-cancer pain, other formulationsthe oral formulation of and/or indicationsindication for Relistor may be subjectRELISTOR is restricted to those or other such limitations and restrictions.adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Approvals for other product candidates other than RELISTOR, if approved at all, may also be so limited or restricted.
If we or our collaborators violate regulatory requirements at any stage, whether before or after marketing approval is obtained, we or they may be subject to forced removal of a product from the market, product seizure, civil and criminal penalties and other adverse consequences.
Under our license agreement with Salix,Valeant, we are dependent on SalixValeant for compliance with these regulatory requirements as they apply to Relistor.RELISTOR. Valeant’s subsidiary Salix has disclosed that in February 2013 it received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney'sAttorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York requesting documents regarding its sales and promotional practices for RelistorRELISTOR and certain of its other products, that it is continuing to respond to the subpoena and intends to cooperate fully with the subpoena and related government investigation, which has and will continue to increase its legal expenses and might require management time and attention Salix subsequently has become the subject of an SEC investigation and, beginning on November 7, 2014, the target of three putative class action lawsuits filed by shareholders of Salix. Valeant has indicated that atas of the timefiling of its disclosurereport on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, it cannot predict the outcome or determine the timing or outcomeduration of the inquirySEC investigation or its impactany other legal proceedings or any enforcement actions or other remedies that may be imposed on Salix'sSalix or Valeant arising out of the SEC investigation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to Valeant’s financial condition or results of operations.
Our products may face regulatory, legal or commercial challenges even after approval.
Even if a product receives regulatory approval:
● | It might not obtain labeling claims necessary to make the product commercially viable (in general, labeling claims define the medical conditions for which a drug product may be marketed, and are therefore very important to the commercial success of a product), or may be required to carry Boxed or other warnings that adversely affect its commercial success. |
● | Approval may be limited to uses of the product for treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions that are relatively less financially advantageous to us than approval of greater or different scope or subject to an FDA-imposed REMS that imposes limits on the distribution or use of the product. |
● | Side effects (including different or aggravated effects such as SAEs encountered in our |
● | Efficacy or safety concerns |
We or our collaborators will be subject to ongoing FDA obligations and continuous regulatory review, and might be required to undertake post-marketing trials to verify the product'sproduct’s efficacy or safety or other regulatory obligations.
Our and/or our collaborators’ relationships with customers and third-party payers are or may become subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us or them to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, program exclusion, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
Health care providers, physicians and third-party payers play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. Our or our collaborators' future arrangements with third-party payers and customers will or already do require us and them to comply with broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other health care laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we or our collaborators market, sell and distribute our products that obtain marketing approval. Efforts to ensure that business arrangements comply with applicable health care laws and regulations involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our or our collaborators' business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If such operations are found to be in developmentviolation of any of these laws or other applicable governmental regulations, we or the collaborator may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of related operations. If physicians or other providers or entities involved with our products are found to be not in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to criminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs, which may adversely affect acceptanceus.
If we or our collaborators are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of our products.
Valeant may not be able to fulfill manufacturing obligations for RELISTOR, a key raw material for which grows in Tasmania, either on their own or through third-party suppliers. A delay or disruption of supplies of RELISTOR would have a material adverse effect on the RELISTOR franchise, and therefore on our business as a whole. Our existing arrangements with suppliers for our other product candidates may be developedresult in the futuresupply of insufficient quantities of our product candidates needed to accomplish our clinical development programs, and we may achieve a significant competitive advantage relative to Relistor,not have the right and in any event do not currently have the existingcapability to manufacture these products if our suppliers are unable or future marketing and sales capabilitiesunwilling to do so. We currently arrange for supplies of these competitors may impair Salix's and/or other collaborators' ability to compete effectivelycritical raw materials used in the market.
Manufacturing resources could limit or adversely affect our ability to commercialize products.
We or our collaborators may engage third parties to manufacture our approved product and product candidates. We or our collaborators may not be able to obtain adequate supplies from third-party manufacturers in a timely fashion for these projects. We funddevelopment or commercialization purposes, and commercial quantities of products may not be available from contract manufacturers at acceptable costs. Under our operations to a significant extent from capital-raising. Welicense agreement with Valeant, Valeant is responsible for obtaining supplies of RELISTOR, including contracting with contract manufacturing organizations for supply of RELISTOR active pharmaceutical ingredient and subcutaneous and oral finished drug product. These arrangements may do so via equity securities issuances in public offerings, such as our first quarter 2014 $37.5 million underwritten public offering of 8.75 million shares of common stock, or through our three-year facility with an investment bank pursuant to which we may sell from time to time up to $50 million of our stock in at-the-market transactions. We may also fund operations through collaboration, license, royalty financing, private placement or other agreements with one or more pharmaceutical or other companies, debt financings or the receipt of milestonenot be on terms that are advantageous and, other payments for out-licensed products. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution in addition to the dilution experienced as a result of our recent equity offeringsroyalty and other interests in RELISTOR’s commercial success, will subject us to risks that the counterparties may not perform optimally in terms of quality or reliability. In engaging third parties for these activities, we do not control many aspects of the manufacturing process, including compliance with current cGMP and other regulatory requirements. In order to commercialize our product candidates successfully, we or our collaborators need to be able to manufacture or arrange for the manufacture of products in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements, at acceptable costs and in a timely manner. Manufacture of our product candidates can be complex, difficult to accomplish even in small quantities, difficult to scale-up for large-scale production and subject to delays, inefficiencies and low yields of quality products. The cost of manufacturing some of our product candidates may make them prohibitively expensive. If adequate supplies of any of our product candidates or related materials are not available on a timely basis or at all, our clinical trials could be seriously delayed, since these materials are time consuming to manufacture and cannot be readily obtained from third-party sources. We continue to be dependent on a limited number of highly specialized manufacturing and development partners, including single source manufacturers for certain of our product candidates. If we were to lose one or more of these key relationships, it could materially adversely affect our business. Establishing new manufacturing relationships, or creating our own manufacturing capability, would require significant time, capital and management effort, and the 2013 Molecular Insight acquisition,transfer of product-related technology and if we issue securities other than common stock, new investorsknow-how from one manufacturer to another is an inherently complex and uncertain process.
Failure of any manufacturer of RELISTOR or our various product candidates to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could subject us to penalties and have rights superior to existing stockholders. Any debt financing that we may obtain may involve operating covenants that restricta material adverse effect on supplies of our business and significant repayment obligations. To the extent we raise additional funds through new collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may beproduct or products candidates.
Third-party manufacturers are required to relinquish some rights to technologiescomply with cGMP or similar regulatory requirements outside of the U.S. If manufacturers of our product or product candidates cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA and any applicable foreign regulatory authority, they may not be able to supply us with our product or grant licenses on terms thatproduct candidates. If these facilities are not favorableapproved for commercial manufacture, we may need to us.
The validity, enforceability and commercial value of our patents and other intellectual property rights are highly uncertain.
We own or have direct or sub-licenses to consummate such transactions substantiallya number of issued patents. We must obtain, maintain and enforce patent and other rights to protect our intellectual property. The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms is highly uncertain and involves many complex legal and technical issues. There are many laws, regulations and judicial decisions that dictate and otherwise influence the manner in advance of immediate need. Our need for future funding will depend on numerous factors, including the advancement of existing product development projectswhich patent applications are filed and the availability of new projects; the achievement of events, mostprosecuted and in which patents are granted and enforced, all of which are out of our control and depend entirely on the efforts of others, triggering milestone paymentssubject to us; the progress and success of clinical trials and pre-clinical activities (including studies and manufacturing)change from time to time. There is no clear policy involving product candidates, whether conducted by collaborators or us; the progress of research programs carried out by us; changes in the breadth of claims allowed, or the degree of protection afforded, under patents in this area. In addition, we are aware of others who have patent applications or patents containing claims similar to or overlapping those in our researchpatents and development programs;patent applications. Accordingly, patent applications owned by or licensed to us may not result in patents being issued. Even if we own or license a relevant issued patent, we may not be able to preclude competitors from commercializing drugs that may compete directly with one or more of our products or product candidates, in which event such rights may not provide us with any meaningful competitive advantage. In the progressabsence or upon successful challenge of patent protection, drugs may be subject to generic competition, which could adversely affect pricing and sales volumes of the affected products.
It is generally difficult to determine the relative strength or scope of a biotechnology or pharmaceutical patent position in absolute terms at any given time. The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its validity or enforceability, which can be challenged in litigation or via administrative proceedings. The license agreements from which we derive or out-license intellectual property provide for various royalty, milestone and other payment, commercialization, sublicensing, patent prosecution and enforcement, insurance, indemnification and other obligations and rights, and are subject to certain reservations of rights. While we generally have the right to defend and enforce patents licensed to or by us, either in the first instance or if the licensor or licensee chooses not to do so, we must usually bear the cost of doing so. Under our license agreement with Valeant, Valeant generally has the first right to control the defense and enforcement of our RELISTOR patents. We may incur substantial costs in seeking to uphold the validity of patents or to prevent infringement. If the outcome of a dispute or contest is adverse to us, third parties may be able to use our patented invention without payment to us. Third parties may also avoid our patents through design innovation.
Patents have a limited life and expire by law.
In addition to uncertainties as to scope, validity, enforceability and changes in law, patents by law have limited lives. Upon expiration of patent protection, our drug candidates and/or products may be subject to generic competition, which could adversely affect pricing and sales volumes of the affected products.
The original patents surrounding the AZEDRA program were licensed by Molecular Insight from the University of Western Ontario (“UWO”). The patent family directed to processes for making polymer precursors, as well as processes for making the final product expire in 2018 in the U.S. and Canada. Other licensed patent families from UWO relate to alternative approaches for preparing AZEDRA, which if implemented would expire in 2024, worldwide. Progenics has pending applications worldwide directed to manufacturing improvements and the resulting compositions which, if issued, would expire in 2035.
Owned and in-licensed properties relating to the 1404 product candidate have expiration ranges of 2020 to 2029; we view as most significant the composition-of-matter patent on the compound, as well as technetium-99 labeled forms, which expires in 2029 worldwide. Patent applications directed to methods of use are pending worldwide, which if issued would expire in 2034.
Patent protection for the PyL compound, radiolabeled form of the compound, as well as methods of use expire in 2030 in the United States. Corresponding patent family members are pending or issued worldwide, all with expirations of 2029.
Company-owned properties relating to MIP-1095 have expiration ranges of 2027 to 2031 in the U.S. We view as most significant the composition-of-matter patent on this compound, as well as radiolabeled forms, which expires in 2027 in the U.S., as well as Europe. Additional U.S. patents are directed to stable compositions and radiolabeling processes which expire in 2030 and 2031, respectively.
We own properties relating to automated detection of bone cancer metastases through our acquisition of EXINI. The patents on this technology expire in 2028.
With respect to PSMA antibody-drug conjugate, currently issued composition-of-matter patents comprising co-owned and in-licensed properties have expiration ranges of 2022 to 2023 in the U.S. and a pending U.S. application which would expire in 2026, if issued. A U.S. patent directed to methods of use expires in 2031. Corresponding foreign counterparts to the U.S. composition-of-matter patents will expire 2022 and 2026, along with a method of use patent which expires in 2029. We view all of these patents as significant.
With regard to our RELISTOR-related intellectual property, the composition-of-matter patent for the active ingredient of RELISTOR, methylnaltrexone, was invented in the 1970’s and has expired. The University, as well as Progenics and its collaborators, have extended the methylnaltrexone patent estate with additional patents and pending patent applications covering various inventions relating to the product. Valeant has listed in the FDA Orange Book six U.S. patents relating to subcutaneous RELISTOR, which have expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2030. Six Orange Book listed U.S. patents relating to Relistor tablets, have expiration dates ranging from 2017 to 2031. Three Canadian patents (expiring 2024 and 2027) have been listed with Health Canada relating to subcutaneous Relistor.
.
We depend on intellectual property licensed from third parties and unpatented technology, trade secrets and confidential information. If we lose any of these rights, including by failing to achieve milestone requirements or to satisfy other conditions, or if they or data embodying or relevant to them are compromised by disruptions or breaches of information or data security, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
Most of our product candidates, including RELISTOR, incorporate intellectual property licensed from third parties. For example, PyL utilizes technology licensed to us from Johns Hopkins University. We could lose the right to patents and other intellectual property licensed to us if the related license agreement is terminated due to a breach by us or otherwise. Our ability, and that of our collaboration partners, to commercialize products incorporating licensed intellectual property would be impaired if the related license agreements were terminated. In addition, we are required to make substantial cash payments, achieve milestones and satisfy other conditions, including filing for and obtaining marketing approvals and introducing products, to maintain rights under our intellectual property licenses. Due to the nature of these agreements and the uncertainties of research and development, efforts of collaborators; our ability to acquire or license necessary, useful or otherwise attractive technologies; competing technological and market developments; the costs and timing of obtaining, enforcing and defending patent and other intellectual property rights; the costs and timing of regulatory filings and approvals; our ability to manage the Company's growth or contraction; and unforeseen litigation. These factors may be more important with respect to product candidates and programs that involve technologies with which we have limited prior experience, such as those originally developed by Molecular Insight. Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, cause us to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose and may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. We may not be able to achieve milestones or satisfy conditions to which we have contractually committed, and as a result may be unable to maintain our rights under these licenses. If we do not comply with our license agreements, the licensors may terminate them, which could result in our losing our rights to, and therefore being unable to commercialize, related products.
We also rely on unpatented technology, trade secrets and confidential information. Third parties may independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our technology or disclose our technology, and we may be unable to effectively protect our rights in unpatented technology, trade secrets and confidential information. We require each of our employees, consultants and advisors to execute a confidentiality agreement at the commencement of an employment or consulting relationship with us. These agreements may, however, not provide effective protection in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information. Any loss of trade secret protection or other unpatented technology rights could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Progenics and other businesses and organizations worldwide, and in particular technology-intensive activities such as biotechnology research and development, are increasingly dependent on critical, complex and interdependent information technology systems, including Internet-based systems, to facilitate or perform basic research and development functions, business processes, internal and external communications, and other critical functions. Progenics relies on such systems for most aspects of its business. The size and complexity of computer, communications and other electronic networked data generation, storage and transfer systems make them potentially vulnerable to breakdown, malicious intrusion, computer viruses and data security breaches by unauthorized third parties, employees or others. Such events may permit unauthorized persons to access, misappropriate and/or destroy sensitive data and result in the impairment or disruption of important business processes, loss of trade secrets or other proprietary intellectual property or public exposure of personal information (including sensitive personal information) of employees, business partners, clinical trial patients, customers and others. Any of the foregoing could have a given necessary timematerial adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.
If we do not achieve milestones or satisfy conditions regarding some of our product candidates, we may not maintain our rights under related licenses.
We are required to make substantial cash payments, achieve milestones and satisfy other conditions, including filing for and obtaining marketing approvals and introducing products, to maintain rights under certain intellectual property licenses. Due to the nature of these agreements and the uncertainties of research and development, we may not be able to achieve milestones or satisfy conditions to which we have contractually committed, and as a result may be unable to maintain our rights under these licenses. If we do not comply with our license agreements, the licensors may terminate them, which could result in our losing our rights to, and therefore being unable to commercialize, related products.
If we infringe third-party patent or other intellectual property rights, we may need to alter or terminate a product development program.
There may be patent or other intellectual property rights belonging to others that require us to alter our products, pay licensing fees or cease certain activities. If our products infringe patent or other intellectual property rights of others, the owners of those rights could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin manufacturing and marketing of the affected products. If these legal actions are successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be required to obtain additional fundinga license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products. We may not prevail in any action brought against us, and any license required under any rights that we infringe may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Our inabilityWe are aware of intellectual property rights held by third parties that relate to raise additional capitalproducts or technologies we are developing. For example, we are aware of other groups investigating PSMA or related compounds and monoclonal antibodies directed at PSMA, and methylnaltrexone and other peripheral opioid antagonists, and of patents held, and patent applications filed, by these groups in those areas. While the validity of these issued patents, the patentability of these pending patent applications and the applicability of any of them to our products and programs are uncertain, if asserted against us, any related patent or other intellectual property rights could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our products.
Research, development and commercialization of a biopharmaceutical product often require choosing between alternative development and optimization routes at various stages in the development process. Preferred routes may depend on terms reasonably acceptablesubsequent discoveries and test results and cannot be predicted with certainty at the outset. There are numerous third-party patents in our field, and we may need to obtain a license under a patent in order to pursue the preferred development route of one or more of our products or product candidates. The need to obtain a license would decrease the ultimate profitability of the applicable product. If we cannot negotiate a license, we might have to pursue a less desirable development route or terminate the program altogether.
We are dependent upon third parties for a variety of functions. These arrangements may not provide us would seriously jeopardizewith the benefits we expect.
We rely on third parties to perform a variety of functions. We are party to numerous agreements which place substantial responsibility on clinical research organizations, consultants and other service providers for the development of our business.approved product and our product candidates. We also rely on medical and academic institutions to perform aspects of our clinical trials of product candidates. In addition, an element of our research and development strategy has been to in-license technology and product candidates from academic and government institutions in order to minimize investments in early research. We have entered into agreements under which we are now dependent on Valeant for the commercialization and development of RELISTOR. We may not be able to maintain our existing relationships, or establish new ones for RELISTOR or other product candidates on beneficial terms. We may not be able to enter new arrangements without undue delays or expenditures, and these arrangements may not allow us to compete successfully. Moreover, if third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or applicable protocols, our product candidates may not be approved for marketing and commercialization or such approval may be delayed. If that occurs, we or our collaborators will not be able, or may be delayed in our efforts, to commercialize our product candidates.
If we are unable to negotiate suitable collaboration agreements, our cash burn rate could increase and our rate of product development could decrease.
Our ability to generate revenue in the near term depends on the timing of achievement, if any, of certain payment triggering events under our existing collaboration agreements and our ability to enter into additional collaboration agreements with third parties. We may not be successful in negotiating additional collaboration arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to develop and commercialize product candidates and technologies. If we do not enter into new collaboration arrangements, we would have to devote more of our resources to clinical product development and product launch activities and to seeking additional sources of capital to fund those activities. If we were not successful in seeking such capital, our cash burn rate would increase or we would need to take steps to reduce our rate of product development. Our ability to enter into new collaborations may be dependent on many factors, such as the results of clinical trials, competitive factors and the fit of our programs with the risk tolerance of a potential collaborator, including in relation to regulatory issues, the patent portfolio, the clinical pipeline, the stage of the available data, overall corporate goals, and financial position. If we are not able to generate revenue under our collaborations when and in accordance with our expectations or the expectations of industry analysts, this failure could harm our business and have an immediate adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.
We lack sales and marketing infrastructure and related staff, which will require significant investment to establish and in the meantime may make us dependent on third parties for their expertise in this area.
We have no established sales, marketing or distribution infrastructure. If we receive marketing approval for a pharmaceutical product, significant investment, time and mandatemanagerial resources would be required to build the commercial infrastructure required to market, sell and support it without a third-party partner. Should we choose to commercialize a product withdrawals, including recalls. Results attained in early human clinical trialsdirectly, we may not be indicative of resultssuccessful in later clinical trials. In addition, many of our investigationaldeveloping an effective commercial infrastructure or experimental drugs are at an early stage of development,in achieving sufficient market acceptance. Alternatively, we may choose to market and successful commercialization of early stage product candidates requires significant research, development, testingsell products through distribution, co-marketing, co-promotion or licensing arrangements with third parties. We may also consider contracting with a third-party professional pharmaceutical detailing and approvals by regulators, and additional investment. Our products insales organization to perform the research or pre-clinical development stage may not yield results that would permit or justify clinical testing. Our failure to demonstrate adequately the safety and efficacy of a product under development would delay or prevent marketing approval, which could adversely affect our operating results and credibility. The failure offunction for one or more products. To the extent that we enter into distribution, co-marketing, co-promotion, detailing or licensing arrangements for the marketing and sale of product candidates, any revenues we receive will depend primarily on the efforts of third parties. We will not control the amount and timing of marketing resources these third parties devote to our products.
We are involved in various legal proceedings that are uncertain, costly and time-consuming and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause the market value of our product candidatescommon stock to decline.
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings and disputes and may be involved in litigation in the future. These proceedings are complex and extended and occupy the resources of our management and employees. These proceedings are also costly to prosecute and defend and may involve substantial awards or damages payable by us if not found in our favor. We may also be required to pay substantial amounts or grant certain rights on unfavorable terms in order to settle such proceedings. Defending against or settling such claims and any unfavorable legal decisions, settlements or orders could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In particular, the pharmaceutical and medical device industries historically have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition, in the U.S., it has become increasingly common for oral Relistorpatent infringement actions to prompt claims that antitrust laws have been violated during the prosecution of the patent or during litigation involving the defense of that patent. Such claims by direct and indirect purchasers and other payers are typically filed as class actions. The relief sought may include treble damages and restitution claims. Similarly, antitrust claims may be significantly delayedbrought by government entities or terminated altogether.
We or our collaborators must designare exposed to product liability claims, and conduct successful clinical trials for our product candidatesin the future may not be able to obtain regulatory approval. We rely on third parties for conduct of clinical trials, which reduces our control over them and may exposeinsurance against claims at a reasonable cost or at all.
Our business exposes us to conflictsproduct liability risks, which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of interest. Clinical trial resultspharmaceutical products. We may not be able to avoid product liability exposure. If a product liability claim is successfully brought against us, our financial position may be unfavorable or inconclusive, and often take longer than expected.
We and our CMOs handle hazardous materials and must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive and restrict how we or our CMOs do business. If we or our CMOs are involved in a hazardous waste spill or other accident, we or our CMOs could be liable for damages, penalties or other forms of newly-approved pharmaceuticals. Governmentcensure.
Research and other third-party payors increasingly are attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coveragedevelopment work and manufacturing processes with our pipeline products involve the leveluse of reimbursement for new drugshazardous, controlled and/or radioactive materials. We and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. In some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticalsour CMOs are subject to government control.federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials. Despite procedures that we and our CMOs implement for handling and disposing of these materials, the risk of accidental contamination or injury cannot be eliminated. In the U.S.,event of a hazardous waste spill or other accident, we expect that there will continueor our CMOs could be liable for damages, penalties or other forms of censure. There may be significant costs to be a number of federalcomply with applicable environmental laws and state proposals to implement similar government control and that the emphasis on managed care in the U.S. will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that our collaborators receive for any productsregulations in the future, and such costs may be incurred by us directly or passed through to us by our CMOs. In the event of the damages, penalties, censures or higher costs outlined above, the efficiency and cost of our research, development and commercialization pipeline may be adversely impacted.
If we lose key management and scientific personnel on whom we depend, our business could suffer.
We are dependent upon our key management and scientific personnel, the loss of whom could require us to identify and engage qualified replacements, and could cause our management and operations to suffer in the interim. Competition for qualified employees among companies in the biopharmaceutical industry is intense. Future success in our industry depends in significant part on the ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees, which we may not be successful in doing.
Health care reform measures could adversely affect theour operating results and our ability to obtain marketing approval of our collaboratorsand to commercialize our product candidates.
In the U.S. and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the health care system that could prevent or delay marketing approval of our product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements. In the U.S., federal legislation has changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. Cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of legislation have decreased coverage and reimbursement. Though such legislation applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payers often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates. More recent legislation is intended to broaden access to health insurance, further reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for health care and health insurance industries, and impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and additional health policy reforms. New laws impose significant annual fees on companies that manufacture or import branded prescription drug products, and contain substantial new compliance provisions, which in each case may affect our realizationbusiness practices with health care practitioners. Subject to federal and state agencies issuing regulations or guidance, it appears likely that new laws will continue to pressure pharmaceutical pricing, especially under the Medicare program, and may also increase regulatory burdens and operating costs. We cannot be sure whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed or what the impact of royaltiessuch changes on the marketing approvals of our product candidates, if any, may be.
Our and/or our collaborators’ relationships with customers and third-party payers will be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which could expose us or them to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, program exclusion, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
Health care providers, physicians and third-party payers play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval. Our or our collaborators’ future arrangements with third-party payers and customers may expose us or them to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other health care laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we or our collaborators market, sell and distribute our products that obtain marketing approval. Efforts to ensure that business arrangements comply with applicable health care laws and regulations involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental authorities will conclude that our or our collaborators’ business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law involving applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If such operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws or other applicable governmental regulations, we or the collaborator may be subject to significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from commercialization.government funded healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and the curtailment or restructuring of related operations. If physicians or other providers or entities involved with our products are found to be not in compliance with applicable laws, they may be subject to criminal, civil or administrative sanctions, including exclusions from government funded healthcare programs, which may adversely affect us.
Our future depends on the proper management of our current and future business operations, including those of Molecular Insight and EXINI, and their associated expenses.
Our business strategy requires us to manage our business to provide for the continued development and potential commercialization of our proprietary and partnered product candidates. Our strategy also calls for us to undertake increased research and development activities and to manage an increasing number of relationships with partners and other third parties, while simultaneously managing the capital necessary to support this strategy. If we are unable to manage effectively our current operations and any growth we may experience, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. If we are unable to effectively manage our expenses, we may find it necessary to reduce our personnel-related costs through reductions in our workforce, which could harm our operations, employee morale and impair our ability to retain and recruit talent. Furthermore, if adequate funds are not available, we may be required to obtain funds through arrangements with partners or other sources that may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies, products or future economic rights that we would not otherwise relinquish or require us to enter into other financing arrangements on unfavorable terms.
Risks associated with our operations outside of the United States could adversely affect our business.
Although we currently conduct nearly all of our business in the U.S., we are developing internationally and therefore have an increased exposure to foreign legal requirements, economic and political conditions and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We expect that we will continue to seek global opportunities for our products and to develop our business outside the U.S. in the future. Such opportunities and development will inherently subject us to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:
● | changes in international regulatory and compliance requirements that could restrict our ability to develop, market and sell our products; |
● | political and economic instability; |
● | the impact of the vote by the United Kingdom decided by referendum to leave the European Union (commonly referred to as “Brexit”); |
● | diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries outside of the U.S.; |
● | trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements; |
● | difficulty in staffing and managing international operations; |
● | differing labor regulations and business practices; |
● | potentially negative consequences from changes in or interpretations of tax laws; |
● | changes in international medical reimbursement policies and programs; |
● | financial risks such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable and exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; and |
● | regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ and service providers’ activities that may fall within the purview of the FCPA or similar foreign laws such as the U.K. Bribery Act. |
Any of these factors may, individually or as a group, have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. These or other similar risks could adversely affect our revenue and profitability. As we develop internationally, our exposure to these factors will increase.
Reimbursement decisions by third-party payors may have an adverse effect on pricing and market acceptance of AZEDRA or any of our other drug candidates. If there is not sufficient reimbursement for our future drugs, it is less likely that such drugs will be widely used.
Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the drug and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on payments allowed for lower-cost products dothat are already reimbursed, may be incorporated into existing payments for other products or services, and may reflect budgetary constraints and/or imperfections in Medicare or Medicaid data used to calculate these rates. Net prices for drugs may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government health care programs. Such legislation, or similar regulatory changes or relaxation of laws that restrict imports of drugs from other countries, could reduce the net price we receive for any future marketed drugs. As a result, our future drugs might not ultimately be considered cost-effective.
We cannot be certain that reimbursement will be available for AZEDRA or any other drug candidates that we develop. Also, we cannot be certain that reimbursement policies will not reduce the demand for, or the price paid for, any future drugs. If reimbursement is not available or is available on a limited basis, we may not be able to successfully commercialize AZEDRA or any other drug candidates that we develop.
In general, other factors that could affect the demand for and sales and profitability of our future drugs include, but are not limited to:
● | the timing of regulatory approval, if any, of competitive drugs; |
● | our or any other of our partners' pricing decisions, as applicable, including a decision to increase or decrease the price of a drug, and the pricing decisions of our competitors; |
● | government and third-party payor reimbursement and coverage decisions that affect the utilization of our future drugs and competing drugs; |
● | negative safety or efficacy data from new clinical studies conducted either in the U.S. or internationally by any party could cause the sales of our future drugs to decrease or a future drug to be recalled; |
● | the degree of patent protection afforded our future drugs by patents granted to or licensed by us and by the outcome of litigation involving our or any of our licensor's patents; |
● | the outcome of litigation involving patents of other companies concerning our future drugs or processes related to production and formulation of those drugs or uses of those drugs; |
● | the increasing use and development of alternate therapies; |
● | the rate of market penetration by competing drugs; and |
● | the termination of, or change in, existing arrangements with our partners. |
Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the sales of any drug candidates that we may commercialize in the future.
Competitive Risks
Competing products in development may adversely affect acceptance of our products.
We are aware of a number of products and product candidates described in this Annual Report underBusiness – Competition which compete or may potentially compete with RELISTOR. Any of these approved products or product candidates, or others which may be developed in the future, may achieve market acceptance,a significant competitive advantage relative to RELISTOR, and, in any event, the existing or future marketing and sales capabilities of these competitors may impair Valeant’s and/or other collaborators’ ability to compete effectively in the market.
We are also aware of competitors, including those described underBusiness – Competition, which are developing alternative treatments for disease targets to which our research and development programs are directed, any of which – or others which may be developed in the future – may achieve a significant competitive advantage relative to any product we will likely lose our entire investment in that product.may develop.
Marketplace acceptance depends in part on competition in our industry, which is intense, and competing products in development may adversely affect acceptance of our products.
The extent to which any of our products achieves market acceptance will depend on competitive factors. Competition in the biopharmaceutical industry is intense and characterized by ongoing research and development and technological change. We face competition from many for-profit companies and major universities and research institutions in the U.S. and abroad. We face competition from companies marketing existing products or developing new products for diseases and conditions targeted by our technologies. We are aware of a number of products and product candidates, including those described in this Annual Report underBusiness – Competition, which compete or may potentially compete with Relistor, PSMA ADCRELISTOR, PSMA-targeted imaging agents and therapeutics, or our other product candidates. For instance, there are product candidates in pre-clinical or clinical development that target the side effects of opioid pain therapy, and a marketed product for the treatment of post-operative ileus could compete with Relistor.RELISTOR. We are aware of several competitors, including those described underBusiness – Competition, which have received approval for or are developing alternative treatments or diagnostics for castration-resistant prostate cancer, some of which are directed against PSMA. Any of these competing approved products or product candidates, or others which may be developed in the future, may achieve a significant competitive advantage relative to Relistor, PSMA ADC,RELISTOR, 1404, Azedra, MIP-1095AZEDRA, PyL, 1095, or other product candidates.
Competition with respect to our technologies and products is based on, among other things, product efficacy, safety, reliability, method of administration, availability, price and clinical benefit relative to cost; timing and scope of regulatory approval; sales, marketing and manufacturing capabilities; collaborator capabilities; insurance and other reimbursement coverage; and patent protection. Competitive disadvantages in any of these factors could materially harm our business and financial condition. Many of our competitors have substantially greater research and development capabilities and experience and greater manufacturing, marketing, financial and managerial resources than we do. These competitors may develop products that are superior to those we are developing and render our products or technologies non-competitive or obsolete. Our products and product candidates under development may not compete successfully with existing products or product candidates under development by other companies, universities and other institutions. Drug manufacturers that are first in the market with a therapeutic for a specific indication generally obtain and maintain a significant competitive advantage over later entrants and therefore, the speed with which industry participants move to develop products, complete clinical trials, approve processes and commercialize products is an important competitive factor. If our product candidates receive marketing approval but cannot compete effectively in the marketplace, our operating results and financial position would suffer.
Financial Risks
We have outstanding debt - and failure by us or our collaborators are unableroyalty subsidiary to obtain sufficient quantitiesfulfill our obligations under the applicable loan agreements may cause the repayment obligations to accelerate.
In November 2016, our subsidiary, MNTX Royalties, entered into a Royalty-Backed Loan with HCRP pursuant to which MNTX Royalties borrowed $50 million and have the ability, subject to mutual agreement with HCRP, to borrow an additional $50 million up to twelve months after the initial closing date of the rawloan. The loan will be repaid from the royalty payments from the commercial sales of RELISTOR products owed under our agreement with Valeant.
The obligations of MNTX Royalties under the loan agreement to repay the Royalty-Backed Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of certain events of default, including but not limited to, if:
● | MNTX Royalties fails to pay any principal or interest (except as permitted) within three Business days of when such payment is due and payable or otherwise made in accordance with the terms of the Royalty-Backed Loan; |
● | MNTX Royalties fails to pay when due any indebtedness of $15 thousand or more; |
● | any representation or warranty made by MNTX Royalties in the loan agreement or any other transaction document proves to be incorrect or misleading in any material respect when made, and such failure is uncured on or before the 30th day following notice thereof; |
● | MNTX Royalties fails to perform or observe any covenant or agreement contained in the loan agreement or any other transaction document; |
● | any uninsured judgment, decree, or order in an amount in excess of $25 thousand is rendered against MNTX Royalties and enforcement proceedings have commenced upon such judgment, decree, or order or such judgment, decree, or order has not been stayed or bonded pending appeal, vacated, or discharged, within 30 days from entry; |
● | any of a set of defined insolvency events occurs; |
● | we default under the agreement pursuant to which we contributed the royalty and related rights under the RELISTOR license to MNTX Royalties, and such default is continuing; |
● | any of the loan transaction documents cease to be in full force and effect or valid and enforceable; |
● | MNTX Royalties fails to perform or observe any covenant or agreement contained in any material contract and such failure is not cured or waived within any applicable grace period; |
● | the agreement with Valeant is terminated or cancelled and is not replaced within 270 days after such termination or cancellation; and |
● | any security interest purported to be created by the loan agreement or the related security agreement ceases to be in full force and effect, or any rights, powers, and privileges purported to be created and granted under the loan agreement or such security agreement ceases to be in full force and effect. |
In connection with the Royalty-Backed Loan, MNTX Royalties granted a first priority lien and bulk materials neededsecurity interest (subject only to makecertain defined permitted liens) in all of its assets and all real, intangible and personal property, including all of its right, title, and interest in and to the royalty payments under our product candidatesagreement with Valeant. Under the terms of the loan agreement, HCRP has no recourse for non-payment of the Royalty-Backed Loan to Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Relistor, developmentto any of our product candidates or commercializationassets other than the RELISTOR royalty rights held by MNTX Royalties. However, Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. does have certain obligations that run to the benefit of our approved productHCRP with respect to the representations, warranties and covenants it makes under the agreement pursuant to which we contributed the royalty and related rights under the RELISTOR License to MNTX Royalties. A breach of these obligations could be slowed or stopped.
Our existing arrangements with suppliers for our other product candidates may not result in the supplylevel of sufficient quantities of our product candidates needed to accomplish our clinical development programs, and we may not have the right and in any event do not currently have the capability to manufacture these products if our suppliers are unable or unwilling to do so. We currently arrange for supplies of critical raw materials used in production of our product candidates from single sources. We do not have long-term contracts with any of these suppliers. Any delay or disruption in the availability of raw materials would slow or stop product development and commercialization of the relevant product.
As of December 31, 2016, our outstanding debt amounted to manufacture$49.5 million, which could increase by $50 million upon MNTX and HRCP’s mutual agreement, over the ensuing year. These levels could have adverse consequences for us, including:
● | heightening our vulnerability to downturns in our business or our industry or the general economy and restricting us from making improvements or acquisitions, or exploring business opportunities; and |
● | limiting our ability to adjust to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who have greater capital resources. |
Developing product candidates requires us to obtain additional financing from time to time. Our access to capital funding is uncertain.
We incur significant costs to develop our approved product and product candidates. We do not have committed external sources of funding for these projects. We fund our operations to a significant extent from capital-raising. We may do so via equity securities issuances in public offerings, such as our first quarter 2014 $37.5 million underwritten public offering of 8.75 million shares of common stock, through our three-year facility with an investment bank pursuant to which we may sell from time to time up to $75.0 million of our stock in at-the-market transactions, or through further debt financing. We may also fund operations through collaboration, license, further royalty financings, private placement or other agreements with one or more pharmaceutical or other companies, or the receipt of milestone and other payments for out-licensed products. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution, and if we issue securities other than common stock, new investors could have rights superior to existing stockholders. Any further debt financing that we may obtain may involve operating covenants that restrict our business and significant repayment obligations. To the extent we raise additional funds through new collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
We cannot predict with certainty when we will need additional funds, how much we will need, the form a financing may take or whether additional funds will be available at all. The variability of conditions in global financial and credit markets may exacerbate the difficulty of timing capital raising or other financing, as a result of which we may seek to consummate such transactions substantially in advance of immediate need. Our need for future funding will depend on numerous factors, including the advancement of existing product development projects and the availability of new projects; the achievement of events, most of which are out of our control and depend entirely on the efforts of others, triggering milestone payments to us; the progress and success of clinical trials and pre-clinical activities (including studies and manufacturing) involving product candidates, whether conducted by collaborators or us; the progress of research programs carried out by us; changes in the breadth of our research and development programs; the progress of research and development efforts of collaborators; our ability to acquire or license necessary, useful or otherwise attractive technologies; competing technological and market developments; the costs and timing of obtaining, enforcing and defending patent and other intellectual property rights; the costs and timing of regulatory filings and approvals; our ability to manage Progenics’ growth or contraction; and unforeseen litigation. These factors may be more important with respect to product candidates and programs that involve technologies with which we have limited prior experience, such as those originally developed by Molecular Insight. Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development or commercialization programs, cause us to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose and may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. We may not be able at a given necessary time to obtain adequate supplies from third-party manufacturers in a timely fashion for development or commercialization purposes, and commercial quantities of products may not be available from contract manufacturers at acceptable costs. Under our license agreement with Salix, Salix is responsible for obtaining supplies of Relistor, including contracting with contract manufacturing organizations for supply of Relistor active pharmaceutical ingredient and subcutaneous and oral finished drug product. These arrangements may not be on terms that are advantageous and, as a result of our royalty and other interests in Relistor's commercial success, will subject us to risks that the counterparties may not perform optimally in terms of quality or reliability. In engaging third parties for these activities, we do not control many aspects of the manufacturing process, including compliance with current cGMP and other regulatory requirements. In order to commercialize our product candidates successfully, we or our collaborators need to be able to manufacture or arrange for the manufacture of products in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements, at acceptable costs and in a timely manner. Manufacture of our product candidates can be complex, difficult to accomplish even in small quantities, difficult to scale-up for large-scale production and subject to delays, inefficiencies and low yields of quality products. The cost of manufacturing some of our product candidates may make them prohibitively expensive. If adequate supplies of any of our product candidates or related materials are not available on a timely basis or at all, our clinical trials could be seriously delayed, since these materials are time consuming to manufacture and cannot be readily obtained from third-party sources. If we were to decide to establish a commercial-scale manufacturing facility in the future, we would require substantial additional funds and be required to hire and train significant numbers of employees and comply with applicable regulations.
We have a history of operating losses.
Progenics has incurred substantial losses throughout its history. A large portion of our revenue has historically consisted of upfront and milestone from licensing transactions. We have reported operating losses for 2013 and 20122015 and while we reported operating income for 2016 and 2014, as a result of a milestone paymentpayments from Salix,Valeant, the timing and amount of any similar transactions in the future is highly unpredictable and uncertain. Without upfront or other such payments, we operate at a loss, due in large part to the significant research and development expenditures required to identify and validate new product candidates and pursue our development efforts. Moreover, we have derived no significant revenue from product sales and have only in the last several years derived revenue from royalties. We may not achieve significant product sales or royalty revenue for a number of years, if ever. We expect to incur net operating losses and negative cash flow from operations in the future, which could increase significantly if we expand our clinical trial programs and other product development efforts. Our ability to achieve and sustain profitability is dependent in part on obtaining regulatory approval for and then commercializing our product candidates, either alone or with others. We may not be able to develop and commercialize products beyond subcutaneous RelistorRELISTOR for OIC in patients with advanced illness and for those with chronic, non-cancer pain and RELISTOR Tablets for adult patients with chronic, non-cancer pain. Our operations may not be profitable even if any of our other product candidates under development are commercialized.
Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income is subject to certain limitations.
We currently have significant net operating losses (NOLs)(“NOLs”) that may be used to offset future taxable income. The U.S. Internal Revenue Code limits the amount of taxable income that may be offset annually by NOL carryforwards after a change in control (generally greater than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation, and our use of NOL carryforwards may be further limited as a result of any future equity transactions that result in an additional change of control.
Progenics’ stock price has a history of volatility and may be affected by selling pressure, including in the event of substantial sales of Progenics stock by former Molecular Insight stockholders. You should consider an investment in Progenics stock as risky and invest only if you can withstand a significant loss.
Our stock price has a history of significant volatility. It has varied between a high of $7.62$9.78 and a low of $3.10$3.61 in 20142016 and between a high of $6.47$11.15 and a low of $2.53$4.86 in 2013.2015. Factors that may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock include the results of clinical trials and pre-clinical studies undertaken by us or others; delays, terminations or other changes in development programs; developments in marketing approval efforts; developments in collaborator or other business relationships, particularly regarding Relistor, PSMA ADCRELISTOR, AZEDRA or other significant products or programs; technological innovation or product announcements by us, our collaborators or our competitors; patent or other proprietary rights developments; governmental regulation; changes in reimbursement policies or health care legislation; safety and efficacy concerns about products developed by us, our collaborators or our competitors; our ability to fund ongoing operations; fluctuations in our operating results; general market conditions; and the reporting of or commentary on such matters by the press and others. At times, our stock price has been volatile even in the absence of significant news or developments. The stock prices of biotechnology companies and securities markets generally have been subject to dramatic price swings in recent years, and financial and market conditions during that period have resulted in widespread pressures on securities of issuers throughout the world economy.
Our stockholders may be diluted, and the price of our common stock may decrease, as a result of future issuances of securities, exercises of outstanding stock options, or sales of outstanding securities.
We expect to issue additional common stock in public offerings, private placements and/or through our January 2014 Sales Agreement2017 sales agreement with an investment bank, pursuant to which we may sell from time to time up to $50$75.0 million of our stock, and to issue options to purchase common stock for compensation purposes. We may issue preferred stock, restricted stock units or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock. All such issuances would dilute existing investors and could lower the price of our common stock. Sales of substantial numbers of outstanding shares of common stock, such as sales by former Molecular Insight stockholders of unregistered shares received in the acquisition, could also cause a decline in the market price of our stock. We require substantial external funding to finance our research and development programs and may seek such funding through the issuance and sale of our common stock, which we have done in follow-on primary offerings in late 2012, mid-2013 and February 2014. We have a shelf registration statement which may be used to issue up to approximately an additional $110$250.0 million of common stock and other securities before any underwriter discounts, commissions and offering expenses. We also have in place registration statements covering shares issuable pursuant to our equity compensation plans, and sales of our securities under them could cause the market price of our stock to decline. Sales by existing stockholders or holders of options or other rights may have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Other Risks
Our principal stockholders are able to exert significant influence over matters submitted to stockholders for approval.
At 2014 year-end,December 31, 2016, our directors and executive officers together beneficially owned or controlled approximately 6 percent3.5% of our outstanding common shares, including shares currently issuable upon option exercises, and our five largest other stockholders held approximately 53.5 percent.47.7%. Should these parties choose to act alone or together, they could exert significant influence in determining the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval and otherwise control our business. This control could, among other things, have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company, adversely affecting our stock price.
Anti-takeover provisions may make removal of our Board and/or management more difficult, discouraging hostile bids for control that may be beneficial to our stockholders.
Our Board is authorized, without further stockholder action, to issue from time to time shares of preferred stock in one or more designated series or classes. The issuance of preferred stock, as well as provisions in some outstanding stock options that provide for acceleration of exercisabilityvesting upon a change of control, and Section 203 and other provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law could make a takeover or the removal of our Board or management more difficult; discourage hostile bids for control in which stockholders may receive a premium for their shares; and otherwise dilute the rights of common stockholders and depress the market price of our stock.
There were no unresolved SEC staff comments regarding our periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2014.
ItemItem 2. Properties
At December 31, 2014,2016, we occupied approximately 72,90026,000 square feet of laboratory andcorporate office space located in Tarrytown, New York City, pursuant to lease agreements expiring in December 2020September 2030 (subject to an early termination right) under which we pay rent and facilities charges including utilities, taxes, and operating expenses. We believe our existing facilities are adequate
Our EXINI subsidiary leases approximately 4,000 square feet of office space in Lund, Sweden. The lease term expires on December 31, 2018, with an option to meet our present requirements.
ItemItem 3. Legal Proceedings
On January 4, 2017, we settled all claims against us under a party to a proceedingfederal action brought in 2010 by a former employee, on November 2, 2010 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, complainingwhere such former employee had complained that the Companywe had violated the anti-retaliation provisions of the federalFederal Sarbanes-Oxley law by terminating the former employee. The former employee seeks reinstatement of his employment, compensatory damages and certain costs and fees associated with the litigation. The Company believes the former employee's claims are without merit and is contesting the matter vigorously. The federal District Court hearing the case issued in July 2013 an order denying our motion for summary judgment dismissing the former employee's complaint, making it likely that the proceeding will continue to trial. Given the uncertainty attendant to the proceeding, we have accrued amounts inhim. In connection with this matter which are not material to these Consolidated Financial Statements.
On October 25, 2016, Progenics, Valeant, and Wyeth LLC (“Wyeth”, Valeant’s predecessor as licensee of RELISTOR) received a notification of a Paragraph IV certification with respect to certain patents for RELISTOR Tablets. The certification accompanied the filing by Actavis LLC of an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) challenging such patents for RELISTOR Tablets and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR tablets before some or all of these patents expire.
On October 28, 2015, Progenics, Valeant, and Wyeth received a second notification of a Paragraph IV certification with respect to the same patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection from Actavis LLC as a result of Actavis LLC’s filing of an ANDA with the FDA, also challenging these patents and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection before some or all of these patents expire.
On October 7, 2015, Progenics, Valeant, and Wyeth received notification of a Paragraph IV certification for certain patents for RELISTOR (methylnaltrexone bromide) subcutaneous injection, which are listed in the FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, or the Orange Book. The certification resulted from the filing by Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of an ANDA with the FDA, challenging such patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection before some or all of these patents expire.
In accordance with the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (commonly referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Act), Progenics and Valeant timely commenced litigation against each of these ANDA filers in order to obtain an automatic stay of FDA approval of the ANDA until the earlier of (i) 30 months from receipt of the notice or (ii) a District Court decision finding that the identified patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed.
In addition to the above described ANDA notifications, in October 2015 Progenics received notices of opposition to three European patents relating to methylnaltrexone. The oppositions were filed separately by each of Actavis Group PTC ehf. and Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH.
Each of the above-described proceedings is in its early stages and Progenics and Valeant continue to cooperate closely to vigorously defend and enforce RELISTOR intellectual property rights. Pursuant to the RELISTOR License Agreement between Progenics and Valeant, Valeant has the first right to enforce the intellectual property rights at issue and is responsible for the costs of such enforcement.
We are or may be from time to time involved in various other disputes, governmental and/or regulatory inspections, inquires, investigations and proceedings that could result in litigation, and other litigation matters that arise from time to time. The process of resolving matters through litigation or other means is inherently uncertain and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of these matters will adversely affect us, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Item4. Not Applicable
PARTII
ItemItem 5. Market for Registrant'sRegistrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is quoted on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the symbol PGNX. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales price per share of the common stock, as reported on NASDAQ.
High | Low | |||||||
2016 | ||||||||
Fourth quarter | $ | 9.78 | $ | 4.84 | ||||
Third quarter | 7.09 | 4.19 | ||||||
Second quarter | 5.75 | 4.00 | ||||||
First quarter | 6.13 | 3.61 | ||||||
2015 | ||||||||
Fourth quarter | $ | 8.37 | $ | 5.20 | ||||
Third quarter | 11.15 | 5.38 | ||||||
Second quarter | 9.27 | 4.86 | ||||||
First quarter | 7.84 | 5.35 | ||||||
| High | Low | |||||||||
| 2014: | Fourth quarter | $ | 7.62 | $ | 4.26 | |||||
| Third quarter | 5.72 | 4.02 | ||||||||
| Second quarter | 4.65 | 3.10 | ||||||||
| First quarter | 7.45 | 3.75 | ||||||||
| 2013: | Fourth quarter | $ | 5.90 | $ | 3.45 | |||||
| Third quarter | 6.47 | 4.36 | ||||||||
| Second quarter | 5.57 | 3.54 | ||||||||
| First quarter | 5.96 | 2.53 | ||||||||
33
Table of Contents
On March 10, 2015,6, 2017, the last sale price for our common stock, as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, was $6.66.$10.99. There were approximately 70 holders68holders of record of our common stock as of that date.
Comparative Stock Performance Graph
The graph below compares, for the past five years, the cumulative stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative stockholder return of (i) the NASDAQ U.S. Benchmark (TR) Index and (ii) the ICB: 4577 Pharmaceuticals (Subsector) Index, assuming an investment in each of $100 on December 31, 2009.30, 2011.
 |
We have never paid any dividends, and we currently anticipate that all earnings, if any, will be retained for development of our business and no dividends will be declared in the foreseeable future.
The selected financialhistorical consolidated statement of operations data presented below as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are derived from our audited financial statements, included elsewhere herein. The selected financial data presented below with respect toand the historical consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012, 20112016 and 2010 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2011 are2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The historical consolidated statement of operations data presented below for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the historical consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that do not included herein.appear in this report. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Financial Statementsconsolidated financial statements and related Notesnotes included elsewhere herein. The selected historical financial information in this section is not intended to replace our financial statements and the related notes thereto.
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Royalty income | $ | 10,295 | $ | 6,608 | $ | 3,101 | $ | 5,923 | $ | 4,963 | ||||||||||
License revenue | 59,081 | 1,955 | 41,196 | 1,595 | 8,525 | |||||||||||||||
Research grants | - | - | - | 275 | 488 | |||||||||||||||
Other revenue | 53 | 113 | 80 | 69 | 72 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 69,429 | 8,676 | 44,377 | 7,862 | 14,048 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development | 37,569 | 28,196 | 28,592 | 34,582 | 33,001 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 23,356 | 18,184 | 15,489 | 15,541 | 16,538 | |||||||||||||||
Intangible impairment charges | - | - | 2,676 | 919 | - | |||||||||||||||
Change in contingent consideration liability | (4,600 | ) | 1,600 | 1,500 | (200 | ) | - | |||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 56,325 | 47,980 | 48,257 | 50,842 | 49,539 | |||||||||||||||
Other operating income | - | - | 7,250 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 13,104 | (39,304 | ) | 3,370 | (42,980 | ) | (35,491 | ) | ||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (493 | ) | 52 | 51 | 46 | 60 | ||||||||||||||
Other expense, net | (34 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Total other (expense) income | (527 | ) | 52 | 51 | 46 | 60 | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit | 12,577 | (39,252 | ) | 3,421 | (42,934 | ) | (35,431 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (1,844 | ) | 133 | 989 | 362 | - | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | 10,733 | (39,119 | ) | 4,410 | (42,572 | ) | (35,431 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (73 | ) | (7 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Progenics | $ | 10,806 | $ | (39,112 | ) | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | |||||||
Per share amount on net income (loss) attributable to Progenics: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.56 | ) | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | |||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.56 | ) | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | |||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 138,909 | $ | 74,103 | $ | 119,302 | $ | 65,860 | $ | 58,838 | ||||||||||
Auction rate securities | - | - | - | 2,208 | 3,240 | |||||||||||||||
Working capital | 131,744 | 73,556 | 115,241 | 64,055 | 58,805 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets | 198,986 | 131,251 | 161,037 | 114,541 | 76,308 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities - long term | 77,867 | 30,861 | 29,443 | 28,935 | 1,078 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 104,762 | 90,661 | 124,909 | 78,979 | 66,568 | |||||||||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | $ | 41,196 | $ | 1,595 | $ | 8,525 | $ | 76,764 | $ | 1,413 | ||||||||||
| Royalty income | 3,101 | 5,923 | 4,963 | 3,046 | 1,826 | |||||||||||||||
| Research grants | - | 275 | 488 | 4,810 | 4,573 | |||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 80 | 69 | 72 | 176 | 140 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 44,377 | 7,862 | 14,048 | 84,796 | 7,952 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 27,737 | 33,391 | 31,332 | 52,555 | 50,151 | |||||||||||||||
| License fees - research and development | 498 | 567 | 1,170 | 578 | 1,270 | |||||||||||||||
| Royalty expense | 357 | 624 | 499 | 405 | 241 | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 14,944 | 14,602 | 15,214 | 18,876 | 23,321 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 545 | 939 | 1,324 | 2,066 | 2,853 | |||||||||||||||
| Intangible impairment charges | 2,676 | 919 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Change in contingent consideration liability | 1,500 | (200 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 48,257 | 50,842 | 49,539 | 74,480 | 77,836 | |||||||||||||||
| Other operating income | 7,250 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,370 | (42,980 | ) | (35,491 | ) | 10,316 | (69,884 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 51 | 46 | 60 | 65 | 64 | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income | 51 | 46 | 60 | 65 | 64 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes | 3,421 | (42,934 | ) | (35,431 | ) | 10,381 | (69,820 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | 989 | 362 | - | - | 95 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | $ | 10,381 | $ | (69,725 | ) | |||||||
| Per share amounts on net income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | $ | 0.31 | $ | (2.14 | ) | |||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | $ | 0.31 | $ | (2.14 | ) | |||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 119,302 | $ | 65,860 | $ | 58,838 | $ | 70,105 | $ | 47,918 | ||||||||||
| Auction rate securities | - | 2,208 | 3,240 | 3,332 | 3,608 | |||||||||||||||
| Working capital | 115,241 | 64,055 | 58,805 | 65,890 | 42,207 | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 161,037 | 114,541 | 76,308 | 80,110 | 62,738 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue - current | - | - | 838 | 204 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue - long term | - | - | - | 162 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities - long term | 29,443 | 28,935 | 1,078 | 1,497 | 1,635 | |||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 124,909 | 78,979 | 66,568 | 71,801 | 51,308 | |||||||||||||||
ItemItem 7. Management'sManagement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)
Overview
We develop innovative medicines and other technologies to target and treat cancer. Our pipeline includes: (1) therapeutic agents designed to precisely target cancer (AZEDRA and 1095); (2) PSMA-targeted imaging agents for prostate cancer (1404 and resumed a pivotal phase 2 trial of an ultra-orphan radiotherapy candidatePyL); and (3) imaging analysis tools. Our first commercial product, RELISTOR (methylnaltrexone bromide) for pheochromocytoma. We are moving forwardopioid-induced constipation, is partnered with MIP-1095, a compound originally developed by Molecular Insight, into clinical development, and expect to file an IND application in the U.S. this year.
We have licensed RelistorRELISTOR to Salix Pharmaceuticals,Valeant, and have partnered other internally-developed or acquired compounds and technologies with third parties. We continue to consider opportunities for strategic collaborations, out-licenses and other arrangements with biopharmaceutical companies involving proprietary research, development and clinical programs, and may in the future also in-license or acquire additional oncology compounds and/or programs.
EXINI Acquisition Update
On November 12, 2015, we acquired 92.45% of the outstanding shares of EXINI, a Lund, Sweden based leader in the development of advanced imaging analysis tools and solutions for medical decision support. EXINI's operations are included in our consolidated financial statements beginning November 12, 2015, the date we acquired control. Through the end of the extended acceptance period of November 27, 2015, we acquired additional outstanding shares, bringing our ownership to 96.81%. We commenced a judicial process in Sweden for acquiring the remaining shares and EXINI was delisted and ceased to be publicly traded effective as of the close of trading on December 4, 2015. On December 8, 2016, a Swedish arbitral tribunal awarded us advanced title to the remaining shares of EXINI and, as of that date, EXINI became a wholly-owned subsidiary with 100% of the voting shares owned by us.
A portion of EXINI’s results of operations from November 12, 2015 through December 31, 2015 and from January 1, 2016 through December 8, 2016 has been allocated to the noncontrolling interests in EXINI for 2015 and 2016, respectively.
License Agreement
In April 2016, we entered into an agreement with a Bayer subsidiary granting Bayer exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products using our PSMA antibody technology in combination with Bayer's alpha-emitting radionuclides.
Royalty Monetization
On November 4, 2016, through a new wholly-owned subsidiary MNTX Royalties, we entered into a loan agreement (the “Royalty-Backed Loan”) with a fund managed by HealthCare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (“HCRP”) pursuant to which HCRP agreed to make term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. We borrowed $50.0 million and can borrow an additional $50.0 million, subject to mutual agreement with HCRP, up to twelve months after the closing date. (seeNote 9. Long-Term Debt, Net for additional information)
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our current principal sources of revenue from operations are royalty, commercialization milestonedevelopment and commercial milestones, and sublicense revenue-sharing payments from Salix's Relistor operations.payments. Royalty and further milestone payments from RelistorRELISTOR depend on success in development and commercialization, which is dependent on many factors, such as Salix'sValeant’s efforts, decisions by the FDA and other regulatory bodies, competition from drugs for the same or similar indications, and the outcome of clinical and other testing of Relistor. InRELISTOR. Under the thirdagreement with Bayer, we received in the second quarter of 2016 a $4.0 million upfront payment and a $1.0 million payment related to the achievement of a preclinical development milestone. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized $2.0 million as license revenue from Bayer related to the achievement of a second preclinical development milestone. In 2015, we received a $1.5 million milestone payment as a result of CytoDyn’s dosing of the first patient in its Phase 3 clinical trial for PRO 140. In 2014, we Progenics and Ono itsPharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (“Ono”), our former licensee of RelistorRELISTOR in Japan, settled all claims between them relating to an arbitration commenced by Progenicsus in 2013, the parties'parties’ October 2008 License Agreement, and the former licensee'slicensee’s development and commercialization of the drug. In connection therewith, the parties exchanged mutual releases and the former licensee paid Progenicsus $7.25 million, which has been recordedis reflected as other operating income.income in our consolidated statement of operations in 2014.
We fund our operations to a significant extent from capital-raising. During 2013,In 2014, we completed an underwritten public offering of 9.8 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.40 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $40.1 million, and in early 2014 sold an additional 8.75 million shares at $4.60 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $37.5 million.
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 44,377 | $ | 7,862 | $ | 14,048 | 464 | % | (44 | %) | ||||||||||
| Expenses | (48,257 | ) | (50,842 | ) | (49,539 | ) | (5 | %) | 3 | % | ||||||||||
| Other operating income | 7,250 | - | - | 100 | % | N/ | A | |||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,370 | (42,980 | ) | (35,491 | ) | (108 | %) | 21 | % | |||||||||||
| Other income | 51 | 46 | 60 | 11 | % | (23 | %) | |||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | 989 | 362 | - | 173 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | (110 | %) | 20 | % | ||||||||
| Sources of Revenue | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | |||||||||||||||
| Percent Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | $ | 41,196 | $ | 1,595 | $ | 8,525 | 2,483 | % | (81 | %) | ||||||||||
| Royalty income | 3,101 | 5,923 | 4,963 | (48 | %) | 19 | % | |||||||||||||
| Research grants | - | 275 | 488 | (100 | %) | (44 | %) | |||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 80 | 69 | 72 | 16 | % | (4 | %) | |||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 44,377 | $ | 7,862 | $ | 14,048 | 464 | % | (44 | %) | ||||||||||
| Relistor Net Sales | ||||||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 16,200 | $ | 35,000 | $ | 29,200 | ||||||
| Ex-U.S. | 4,100 | 4,400 | 4,000 | |||||||||
| Global | $ | 20,300 | $ | 39,400 | $ | 33,200 | ||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and benefits | $ | 9,003 | $ | 12,481 | $ | 15,372 | (28 | %) | (19 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 1,843 | $ | 2,012 | $ | 4,060 | (8 | %) | (50 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Clinical trial costs | $ | 6,510 | $ | 8,862 | $ | 2,692 | (27 | %) | 229 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Laboratory and manufacturing supplies and | Percent change | |||||||||||||||||||
| equipment | $ | 193 | $ | 632 | $ | 592 | (69 | %) | 7 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Contract manufacturing and | Percent change | |||||||||||||||||||
| subcontractors | $ | 5,191 | $ | 2,042 | $ | 3,111 | 154 | % | (34 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consultants | $ | 887 | $ | 905 | $ | 330 | (2 | %) | 174 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| License fees | $ | 498 | $ | 567 | $ | 1,170 | (12 | %) | (52 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Royalty expense | $ | 357 | $ | 624 | $ | 499 | (43 | %) | 25 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | $ | 4,110 | $ | 6,457 | $ | 5,175 | (36 | %) | 25 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and benefits | $ | 4,398 | $ | 4,821 | $ | 6,493 | (9 | %) | (26 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | $ | 1,680 | $ | 1,534 | $ | 2,476 | 10 | % | (38 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | $ | 5,060 | $ | 3,922 | $ | 2,362 | 29 | % | 66 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | $ | 3,806 | $ | 4,325 | $ | 3,883 | (12 | %) | 11 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 545 | $ | 939 | $ | 1,324 | (42 | %) | (29 | %) | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible impairment charges (non-cash) | $ | 2,676 | $ | 919 | $ | - | 191 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in contingent consideration liability (non-cash) | $ | 1,500 | $ | (200 | ) | $ | - | (850 | %) | (100 | %) | |||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating income | $ | 7,250 | $ | - | $ | - | 100 | % | N/ | A | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2014 vs. 2013 | 2013 vs. 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 51 | $ | 46 | $ | 60 | 11 | % | (23 | %) | ||||||||||
If we do not realize sufficient royalty or milestone revenue from RELISTOR, or are unable to enter into favorable collaboration, license, asset sale, additional capital raising, or other financing transactions, we will have to reduce, delay, or eliminate spending on certain programs, and/or take other economic measures.
Results of Operations
The following table is an overview of our results of operations (in thousands, except percentages):
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 69,429 | $ | 8,676 | $ | 44,377 | 700 | % | (80% | ) | ||||||||||
Operating expenses | $ | 56,325 | $ | 47,980 | $ | 48,257 | 17 | % | (1% | ) | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 13,104 | $ | (39,304 | ) | $ | 3,370 | (133% | ) | (1266% | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,733 | $ | (39,119 | ) | $ | 4,410 | (127% | ) | (987% | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Progenics | $ | 10,806 | $ | (39,112 | ) | $ | 4,410 | (128% | ) | (987% | ) | |||||||||
Revenue
Our sources of revenue during the years indicated below include royalties and license fees from Valeant, Bayer and other licensees and, to a small extent, sale of research reagents. The following table is a summary of our worldwide revenue (in thousands, except percentages):
Source | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | |||||||||||||||
Royalty income | $ | 10,295 | $ | 6,608 | $ | 3,101 | 56 | % | 113 | % | ||||||||||
License revenue | 59,081 | 1,955 | 41,196 | 2922 | % | (95% | ) | |||||||||||||
Other revenue | 53 | 113 | 80 | (53% | ) | 41 | % | |||||||||||||
Total revenue | $ | 69,429 | $ | 8,676 | $ | 44,377 | 700 | % | (80% | ) | ||||||||||
Royalty income.We recognized royalty income primarily based on the below net sales of RELISTOR as reported to us by Valeant (in thousands).
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. | $ | 66,900 | $ | 40,700 | $ | 16,200 | 64 | % | 151 | % | ||||||||||
Outside U.S. | 3,700 | 3,100 | 4,100 | 19 | % | (24% | ) | |||||||||||||
Worldwide net sales of RELISTOR | $ | 70,600 | $ | 43,800 | $ | 20,300 | 61 | % | 116 | % | ||||||||||
The increase in worldwide net sales of RELISTOR of $26.8 million in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily attributable to higher unit sales. Sales of RELISTOR tablets were launched in September 2016. The increase in worldwide net sales of RELISTOR of $23.5 million in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily attributable to higher unit sales of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection. In December 2012, we completed2014, RELISTOR subcutaneous injection was approved for treatment of OIC in non-cancer pain patients.
License revenue.The increase in license revenue of $57.1 million in 2016 compared to 2015 was attributable to a $50.0 million milestone payment received under the RELISTOR License Agreement and $7.0 million for upfront and milestone payments under the Bayer license agreement. The decrease in license revenue of $39.2 million in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily attributable to a $40.0 million milestone payment received from Valeant in 2014 for the approval of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection for treatment of OIC in non-cancer pain patients.
OperatingExpenses
The following table is a summary of our operating expenses (in thousands, except percentages):
Operating Expenses | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | $ | 37,569 | $ | 28,196 | $ | 28,592 | 33 | % | (1% | ) | ||||||||||
General and administrative | 23,356 | 18,184 | 15,489 | 28 | % | 17 | % | |||||||||||||
Intangible impairment charges | - | - | 2,676 | N/A | (100% | ) | ||||||||||||||
Change in contingent consideration liability | (4,600 | ) | 1,600 | 1,500 | (388% | ) | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 56,325 | $ | 47,980 | $ | 48,257 | 17 | % | (1% | ) | ||||||||||
Research and Development(“R&D”)
R&D expenses increased by $9.4 million, or 33%, in 2016 compared to 2015 and decreased by $0.4 million, or 1%, in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in 2016 was primarily attributable to higher clinical trial expenses related to the start of the Phase 3 trial for 1404 and the Phase 2/3 trial for PyL in addition to higher contract manufacturing expenses for the planned Phase 1 trial of 1095 and the Phase 2 registrational trial for AZEDRA. The decrease in 2015 was primarily attributable to lower personnel related expenses (salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation), partially offset by higher contract manufacturing expenses for AZEDRA.
General and Administrative (“G&A”)
G&A expenses increased by $5.2 million, or 28%, in 2016 compared to 2015 and $2.7 million, or 17%, in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in 2016 was primarily attributable to higher depreciation expense as a result of a reduction in the remaining useful lives of the leasehold improvements at our former location in Tarrytown, New York, higher compensation costs related to increases in headcount, and higher market research expenses. The increase in 2015 was primarily attributable to an accrual for compensation related to litigation with a former employee and personnel related expenses (salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation).
Intangible Impairment Charges
There were no intangible impairment charges recognized in 2016 and 2015. The 2014 charge of $2.7 million was due to impairments of our indefinite- and finite-lived intangibles based on our annual review of the intangible assets.
Change in Contingent Consideration Liability
The decrease in the contingent consideration liability of $4.6 million in 2016 resulted primarily from a change in the discount rates and sales projections used in calculating the contingent consideration liability for the potential sales-based milestone payments to former Molecular Insight stockholders under the acquisition agreement. The increase in the contingent consideration liability of $1.6 million in 2015 resulted primarily from a decrease in the discount period.
Other Income (Expense)
The following table is a summary of our other income (expense) (in thousands, except percentages):
Other Income (Expense) | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | |||||||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (493 | ) | 52 | 51 | (1048% | ) | 2 | % | ||||||||||||
Other expense, net | (34 | ) | - | - | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income | $ | (527 | ) | $ | 52 | $ | 51 | (1113% | ) | 2 | % | |||||||||
Other income (expense) decreased by $579 thousand, or 1113%, in 2016 compared to 2015 and increased by $1 thousand, or 2%, in 2015 compared to 2014. The decrease in 2016 was primarily attributable to interest expense on the Royalty-Backed Loan, partially offset by an increase in interest income due to higher average cash balances during the current year and higher average interest rates earned by our money market funds. The change in 2015 was essentially flat with 2014.
Income Taxes
The following table is a summary of our income tax (provision) benefit and effective tax rate (in thousands, except percentages):
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit | $ | (1,844 | ) | $ | 133 | $ | 989 | |||||
Effective tax rate | 14.7 | % | 0.3 | % | -28.8 | % | ||||||
The income tax provision increased by $2.0 million in 2016 compared to 2015 as a result of an increase in the effective tax rate. The effective tax rate for 2016 was 14.7%. Our effective tax rate was impacted by our relocation to New York City, which has its own local tax rate and adds to the overall tax rate used for calculating the income tax provision. The income tax benefit decreased by $0.8 million in 2015 compared to 2014 as a result of the change in the temporary difference between carrying amounts of in-process research and development assets for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The effective tax rate for 2015 was 0.3%
NetIncome(Loss)
Our net income was $10.8 million in 2016 compared to a net loss of $39.1 million in 2015 and net income of $4.4 million in 2014. The milestone payments received from the Valeant license agreement of $50.0 million and $40.0 million in 2016 and 2014, respectively, were the primary drivers for realizing net income in those years.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table is a summary of selected financial data (in thousands):
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 138,909 | $ | 74,103 | $ | 119,302 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 4,864 | $ | 3,543 | $ | 109 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 198,986 | $ | 131,251 | $ | 161,037 | ||||||
Working capital | $ | 131,744 | $ | 73,556 | $ | 115,241 | ||||||
We have to-date funded operations principally through proceeds received from private placements of equity securities, public offering of 12.7 million sharesofferings of common stock, for net proceedsmonetization of approximately $23,348.
At December 31, 2016, we do not expect to receive in the foreseeable future. For 2013 and 2012, we received $287 and $576, respectively, of revenue from all of our NIH awards.
If we do not realize sufficient royalties or milestone payments from Valeant, Bayer, or other licensees, or raise additional capital, we will have to reduce, delay, or eliminate spending on certain programs, and/or take other economic measures.
During the first quarter of 2017, we established a $250.0 million replacement shelf registration statement.
Cash Flows
The following table is a summary of our cash flow activities (in thousands):
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 19,209 | $ | (40,137 | ) | $ | 13,726 | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (3,939 | ) | $ | (6,524 | ) | $ | 1,829 | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 49,622 | $ | 1,445 | $ | 37,887 | ||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during 2016 and 2014 was investedprimarily attributable to the milestone payments received from Valeant for the RELISTOR approvals ($50.0 million in money market funds.2016 and $40.0 million in 2014), partially offset by operating expenses, net of non-cash items. Net cash used by operating activities during 2015 was primarily attributable to funding operating expenses, net of non-cash items.
Financing Activities. Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was primarily related to capital expenditures in 2016 and the acquisition of EXINI in 2015, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of fixed assets. During 2014, net cash provided by investing activities included $2.4 million in proceeds from redemption of auction rate securities.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities included $37,459during 2016, 2015, and 2014 was attributable to proceeds from the exercise of stock options, in addition to the net proceeds from the issuance of 8,750 shares of common stock. In addition, during 2014, 2013royalty monetization in 2016 and 2012, we received cash of $428, $71 and $306, respectively, from exercise of stock options and salesthe issuance of common stock from an underwritten public offering in satisfaction of severance obligations (in 2012). The amount of cash we receive from these sources fluctuates commensurate with changes in the common stock price on and after the grant date.
Operating Activities. The majority of our cash has been used to advance our research and development programs, including conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, pursuing regulatory approvals for product candidates, filing and prosecuting patent applications and defending patent claims. Included in the 2012 period presented below is $2,073 of cash disbursements incurred in connection with a former senior executive first quarter retirement. For various reasons, including the early stage of certain of our programs, the timing and results of our clinical trials, our dependence in certain instances on third parties, many of which are outside of our control, we cannot estimate the total remaining costs to be incurred and timing to complete all our research and development programs.
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| Oncology | $ | 27.3 | $ | 32.9 | $ | 28.6 | |||||
| Relistor and other programs | 1.3 | 1.7 | 4.4 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 28.6 | $ | 34.6 | $ | 33.0 | |||||
Our funding requirements both for the next 12 months and beyond will include required payments under operating leases and fixed and contingent payments under licensing, collaboration and otherlicense agreements. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 20142016 for future payments under these agreements:
| Payments due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than one year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | Greater than 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 12.1 | $ | 1.9 | $ | 3.9 | $ | 4.1 | $ | 2.2 | |||||||||
| License, collaboration and other agreements: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed payments | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | - | ||||||||||||||
Contingent payments (1) | 104.6 | - | 2.3 | 16.9 | 85.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 117.7 | $ | 2.2 | $ | 6.6 | $ | 21.3 | $ | 87.6 | |||||||||
Payments Due by Period (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than one year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | Greater than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
Operating leases | $ | 29.9 | $ | 1.8 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 20.7 | ||||||||||
Fixed payments under license agreements | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 31.1 | $ | 2.0 | $ | 4.1 | $ | 3.8 | $ | 21.2 | ||||||||||
(1) | Does not include milestone or contractual payment obligations contingent upon the achievement of certain milestones |
We periodically assess the scientific progress and merits of each of our programs to determine if continued research and development is commercially and economically viable. Certain of our programs have been terminated due to the lack of scientific progress and prospects for ultimate commercialization. Because of the uncertainties associated with research and development in these programs, the duration and completion costs of our research and development projects are difficult to estimate and are subject to considerable variation. Our inability to complete research and development projects in a timely manner or failure to enter into collaborative agreements could significantly increase capital requirements and adversely affect our liquidity.
Our cash requirements may vary materially from those now planned because of results of research and development and product testing, changes in existing relationships or new relationships with licensees, licensors or other collaborators, changes in the focus and direction of our research and development programs, competitive and technological advances, the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims, the regulatory approval process, manufacturing and marketing and other costs associated with the commercialization of products following receipt of regulatory approvals and other factors.
The above discussion contains forward-looking statements based on our current operating plan and the assumptions on which it relies. There could be deviations from that plan that would consume our assets earlier than planned.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Guarantees
We have no obligations under off-balance sheet arrangements and do not guarantee the obligations of any other unconsolidated entity.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 to our financial statements included in this Report. The selection and application of these accounting principles and methods requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as certain financial statement disclosures. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these evaluations form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not otherwise readily apparent. While we believe that the estimates and assumptions we use in preparing the financial statements are appropriate, they are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties regarding their ultimate outcome and, therefore, actual results could differ from these estimates.
The critical accounting policies we use and the estimates we make are described below. These are policies and estimates that we believe are the most important in portraying our financial condition and results of operations, and that require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. We have discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition.We recognize revenue from all sources based on the provisions of the SEC'sSEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)(“SAB”) No. 104 (SAB 104)(“SAB 104”) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605 (Topic 605,Revenue Recognition).
ASC 605 Revenue Recognition.
Royalty revenue or loss is recognized based upon net sales of related licensed products, and is recognized in the period the sales (losses) occur, provided that the royalty amounts are fixed or determinable, collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured and we have no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement providing for the royalty. Royalty loss is recognized based upon reported sales deductions in excess of gross sales resulting in net losses and are recognized in the period net losses occur. Royalty loss is classified in royalty income in the consolidated statements of operations and the related accrued royalty loss liability is classified in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.
Share-Based Payment Arrangements.Our share-based compensation of employees includes non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, which are compensatory under ASC 718 (Topic 718,Compensation – Stock Compensation.Compensation). We account for share-based compensation to non-employees, including non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, in accordance with ASC 505 Equity.
The fair value of each non-qualified stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires input assumptions with respect to (i) expected volatility of our common stock, which is based upon the daily quoted market prices on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC over a period equal to the expected term, (ii) the period of time over which employees, officers, directors and non-employee consultants are expected to hold their options prior to exercise, (iii) expected dividend yield (zero in our case due to never having paid dividends and not expecting to pay dividends in the future), and (iv) risk-free interest rates for periods within the expected term of the options, which are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
Historical volatilities are based upon daily quoted market prices of our common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC over a period equal to the expected term of the related equity instruments. We rely only on historical volatility since we believe it is generally viewed as providing the most reliable indication of future volatility. In estimating expected future volatility, we assume it will be consistent with historical; we calculate historical volatility using a simple average calculation; we use available historical data for the length of the option'soption’s expected term, and we consistently use a sufficient number of price observations. Since our stock options are not traded on a public market, we do not use implied volatility.
The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding based upon historical data related to exercise and post-termination cancellation activity. The expected term of stock options granted to our Chief Executive Officer (CEO)(“CEO”) and non-employee directors, consultants and officers are calculated separately from stock options granted to other employees.
We apply a forfeiture rate to the number of unvested awards in each reporting period in order to estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest. Estimated forfeiture rates are based upon historical data on vesting behavior of employees. We adjust the total amount of compensation cost recognized for each award, in the period in which each award vests, to reflect the actual forfeitures related to that award. Changes in our estimated forfeiture rate will result in changes in the rate at which compensation cost for an award is recognized over its vesting period.
Changes in the assumptions used to compute the fair value of the option awards are likely to affect their fair value and the amount of compensation expense recognized in future periods. A higher volatility, longer expected term and higher risk-free rate increases the resulting compensation expense recognized in future periods as compared to prior periods. Conversely, a lower volatility, shorter expected term and lower risk-free rate decreases such expense recognized in future periods as compared to prior periods.
Clinical Trial and Other Research and Development Expenses. Development Expenses.Clinical trial expenses, which are included in research and development expenses, represent obligations resulting from contracts with various clinical investigators and clinical research organizations in connection with conducting clinical trials for our product candidates. Such costs are expensed as incurred, and are generally based on the total number of patients in the trial, the rate at which the patients enter the trial and the period over which the clinical investigators and clinical research organizations to provide services. We believe that this method best aligns the efforts expended on a clinical trial with the expenses we record. We adjust our rate of clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from our estimates. In addition to clinical trial expenses, we estimate the amounts of other research and development expenses, for which invoices have not been received at the end of a period, based upon communication with third parties that have provided services or goods during the period. Such estimates are subject to change as additional information becomes available.
Fair Value Measurements. During the fourth quarter of 2014, all of the $2.2 million (net of $0.2 million unrealized loss) auction rate securities remaining at December 31, 2013 have been redeemed at par. Our available-for-sale investment portfolio consists of money market funds and, prior to the fourth quarter redemption at par, $2.4 million face amount of auction rate securities (ARS), and is recorded at fair value in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets in accordance with ASC 320 Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. The change in the fair value of these investments is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). We expect to recover the amortized cost of all of our investments at maturity.
Contingent Consideration Liability.The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability, initially measured and recorded on the acquisition date, is considered to be a Level 3 instrument and is reviewed quarterly, or whenever events or circumstances occur that indicate a change in fair value. The contingent consideration liability is recorded at fair value at the end of each period.
Legal Proceedings.From time to time, we may be a party to legal proceedings in the course of our business. The outcome of any such proceedings, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. The assessment of whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, often involves a series of complex judgments about future events. The Company records accruals for contingencies to the extent that the occurrence of the contingency is probable and the amount of liability is reasonably estimable. If the reasonable estimate of liability is within a range of amounts and some amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, then the Company records that amount as an accrual. If no amount within the range is a reasonable estimate, then the Company records the lowest amount as an accrual. Loss contingencies that are assessed as remote are not reported in the financial statements, or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Our primary investment objective is to preserve principal. Our money market funds have interest rates that wereare variable and totaled $112.8$137.3 million at December 31, 2014.2016. As a result, we do not believe that these investment balances have a material exposure to interest-rate risk.
The majority of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars. However, we do conduct certain transactions in other currencies, including Euros, British Pounds, Swiss Francs, and Swedish Krona. Historically, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have not materially affected our consolidated results of operations and during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, our consolidated results of operations were not materially affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
ItemItem 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See page F-1,Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ItemItem 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Table of Contents
Item9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the timelines specified in the SEC'sSEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and PrincipalChief Financial Officer (PFO)(“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We have a Disclosure Committee consisting of members of our senior management which monitors and implements our policy of disclosing material information concerning the Company in accordance with applicable law.
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(e), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and PFO,CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our CEO and PFOCFO concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures, as designed and implemented, were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 20142016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and PFOCFO and effected by our Board, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting which includes policies and procedures that:
● | Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; |
● | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors; and |
● | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management has used the framework set forth in the report entitledInternal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), known as COSO, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014. 2016.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as of December 31, 20142016 as stated in their report which is provided below.
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014,2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company'scompany’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company'scompany’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company'scompany’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014,2016, based on theonthe COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 20142016 and 20132015 and the related consolidated statements of operation, comprehensive (loss) income, (loss), stockholders'stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20142016 of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and our report dated March 16, 20159, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
March 16, 2015
ItemItem 9B. Other Information
None.
PARTIII
The information required by the Form 10-K Items listed in the following table will be included under the respective headings specified for such Items in our definitive proxy statement for our 20152017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC:
Item of Form 10-K | Location in | ||
Item | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | Election of Directors. Executive and Other Officers. Corporate Governance. Code of Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting and Compliance. *The full text of our | |
Item11. | Executive Compensation | Executive Compensation. Compensation Committee Report. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation. | ||
Item | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | Equity Compensation Plan Information. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management. | |
Item | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. Affirmative Determinations Regarding Director Independence and Other Matters. | |
Item14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | Fees Billed for Services Rendered by our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Pre-approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services by the Audit Committee. | |
PARTIV
ItemItem 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents or the portions thereof indicated are filed as a part of this Annual Report.
(a) | Documents filed as part of this Annual Report: |
(1) | Consolidated Financial Statements of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 20142016 and 2013
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders'Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015 and 2012
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) | Financial Statement Schedules |
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Financial statement schedules referred to in Item 12-01 of Regulation S-X and not listed above are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
(3) | Item 601 Exhibits |
Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Report and incorporated herein by reference.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
INDEXINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | |
F-2 | |
Financial Statements: | |
F-3 | |
F-4 | |
F-5 | |
F-6 | |
F-7 | |
F-8 |
ReportReport of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 20142016 and 20132015 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014.2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(b)15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 20142016 and 20132015 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014,2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014,2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 16, 20159, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
March 16, 2015
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts inIn thousands, except for par value andper share amounts)data)
December 31, | ||||||||
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 138,909 | $ | 74,103 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net | 4,864 | 3,543 | ||||||
Other current assets | 4,328 | 5,639 | ||||||
Total current assets | 148,101 | 83,285 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 4,760 | 2,407 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net | 30,581 | 30,793 | ||||||
Goodwill | 13,074 | 13,074 | ||||||
Other assets | 2,470 | 1,692 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 198,986 | $ | 131,251 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 567 | $ | 332 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 15,764 | 9,212 | ||||||
Other current liabilities | 26 | 185 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 16,357 | 9,729 | ||||||
Contingent consideration liability | 14,200 | 18,800 | ||||||
Deferred tax liability | 13,010 | 11,199 | ||||||
Long-term debt, net | 49,453 | - | ||||||
Other liabilities | 1,204 | 862 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 94,224 | 40,590 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingencies | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par valueAuthorized - 20,000 shares; issued and outstanding - none | - | - | ||||||
Common stock, $0.0013 par valueAuthorized - 160,000 shares; issued - 70,390 shares in 2016 and 70,146 shares in 2015 | 92 | 91 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 598,069 | 594,511 | ||||||
Treasury stock at cost, 200 shares of common stock | (2,741 | ) | (2,741 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (85 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit | (490,573 | ) | (501,379 | ) | ||||
Total Progenics stockholders' equity | 104,762 | 90,456 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests | - | 205 | ||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 104,762 | 90,661 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 198,986 | $ | 131,251 | ||||
| December 31, | ||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 119,302 | $ | 65,860 | ||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 109 | 2,879 | ||||||
| Other current assets | 2,515 | 1,943 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 121,926 | 70,682 | ||||||
| Auction rate securities | - | 2,208 | ||||||
| Fixed assets, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,552 | 2,413 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net (Note 2) | 28,700 | 31,379 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 7,702 | 7,702 | ||||||
| Other assets | 157 | 157 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 161,037 | $ | 114,541 | ||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 6,570 | $ | 6,512 | ||||
| Other current liabilities | 115 | 115 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 6,685 | 6,627 | ||||||
| Contingent consideration liability | 17,200 | 15,700 | ||||||
| Deferred tax liability - long term | 11,332 | 12,321 | ||||||
| Other liabilities | 911 | 914 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 36,128 | 35,562 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | ||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding – none | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock, $.0013 par value; shares authorized - 160,000,000 in 2014 and 2013; issued – 69,832,949 in 2014 and 61,025,404 in 2013 | 91 | 79 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 589,826 | 548,510 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (462,267 | ) | (466,677 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | - | (192 | ) | |||||
| Treasury stock, at cost (200,000 shares in 2014 and 2013) | (2,741 | ) | (2,741 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 124,909 | 78,979 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 161,037 | $ | 114,541 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(amounts inIn thousands, except net income (loss) per share)share data)
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||
Royalty income | $ | 10,295 | $ | 6,608 | $ | 3,101 | ||||||
License revenue | 59,081 | 1,955 | 41,196 | |||||||||
Other revenue | 53 | 113 | 80 | |||||||||
Total revenue | 69,429 | 8,676 | 44,377 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
Research and development | 37,569 | 28,196 | 28,592 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 23,356 | 18,184 | 15,489 | |||||||||
Intangible impairment charges | - | - | 2,676 | |||||||||
Change in contingent consideration liability | (4,600 | ) | 1,600 | 1,500 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 56,325 | 47,980 | 48,257 | |||||||||
Other operating income | - | - | 7,250 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 13,104 | (39,304 | ) | 3,370 | ||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net | (493 | ) | 52 | 51 | ||||||||
Other expense, net | (34 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Total other (expense) income | (527 | ) | 52 | 51 | ||||||||
Income (loss) before income tax (expense) benefit | 12,577 | (39,252 | ) | 3,421 | ||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (1,844 | ) | 133 | 989 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | 10,733 | (39,119 | ) | 4,410 | ||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (73 | ) | (7 | ) | - | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Progenics | $ | 10,806 | $ | (39,112 | ) | $ | 4,410 | |||||
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Progenics - basic | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.56 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||
Weighted-average shares - basic | 70,003 | 69,716 | 68,185 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Progenics - diluted | $ | 0.15 | $ | (0.56 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||
Weighted-average shares - diluted | 70,155 | 69,716 | 68,243 | |||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | $ | 41,196 | $ | 1,595 | $ | 8,525 | ||||||
| Royalty income | 3,101 | 5,923 | 4,963 | |||||||||
| Research grants | - | - | 488 | |||||||||
| Other revenues | 80 | 69 | 72 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 44,377 | 7,862 | 14,048 | |||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Research and development | 27,737 | 33,391 | 31,332 | |||||||||
| License fees – research and development | 498 | 567 | 1,170 | |||||||||
| Royalty expense | 357 | 624 | 499 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 14,944 | 14,602 | 15,214 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 545 | 939 | 1,324 | |||||||||
| Intangible impariment charges | 2,676 | 919 | - | |||||||||
| Change in contingent consideration liability | 1,500 | (200 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Total expenses | 48,257 | 50,842 | 49,539 | |||||||||
| Other operating income | 7,250 | - | - | |||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,370 | (42,980 | ) | (35,491 | ) | |||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | 51 | 46 | 60 | |||||||||
| Total other income | 51 | 46 | 60 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) before income tax benefit | 3,421 | (42,934 | ) | (35,431 | ) | |||||||
| Income tax benefit | 989 | 362 | - | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | ||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | ||||
| Weighted-average shares - basic | 68,185 | 55,798 | 34,754 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.76 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | ||||
| Weighted-average shares - diluted | 68,243 | 55,798 | 34,754 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,733 | $ | (39,119 | ) | $ | 4,410 | |||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income: | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (62 | ) | (26 | ) | - | |||||||
Net change in unrealized loss on auction rate securities | - | - | 192 | |||||||||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (62 | ) | (26 | ) | 192 | |||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | 10,671 | (39,145 | ) | 4,602 | ||||||||
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (73 | ) | (7 | ) | - | |||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Progenics | $ | 10,744 | $ | (39,138 | ) | $ | 4,602 | |||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized loss on auction rate securities | 192 | 68 | 8 | |||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | 192 | 68 | 8 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,602 | $ | (42,504 | ) | $ | (35,423 | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS'STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Additional | Other | Treasury Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number | Paid-in | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Number | Noncontrolling | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
of Shares | Par Value | Capital | Deficit | Loss | of Shares | Cost | Interests | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | 61,025 | $ | 79 | $ | 548,510 | $ | (466,677 | ) | $ | (192 | ) | (200 | ) | $ | (2,741 | ) | $ | - | $ | 78,979 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | 4,410 | - | - | - | - | 4,410 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 192 | - | - | - | 192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | - | - | 3,523 | - | - | - | - | - | 3,523 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions($2,415) and offering expenses ($376) | 8,750 | 12 | 37,447 | - | - | - | - | - | 37,459 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of subsidiary escrow shares returned | (19 | ) | - | (82 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | (82 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 77 | - | 428 | - | - | - | - | - | 428 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2014 | 69,833 | $ | 91 | $ | 589,826 | $ | (462,267 | ) | $ | - | (200 | ) | $ | (2,741 | ) | $ | - | $ | 124,909 | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | - | (39,112 | ) | - | - | - | (7 | ) | (39,119 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 504 | 504 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (292 | ) | (292 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | - | - | - | - | (26 | ) | - | - | - | (26 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | - | - | 2,948 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,948 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 313 | - | 1,737 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,737 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 70,146 | $ | 91 | $ | 594,511 | $ | (501,379 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | (200 | ) | $ | (2,741 | ) | $ | 205 | $ | 90,661 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | - | - | - | 10,806 | - | - | - | (73 | ) | 10,733 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | - | - | (239 | ) | - | - | - | - | (129 | ) | (368 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | (59 | ) | - | - | (3 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | - | - | 2,457 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,457 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 244 | 1 | 1,340 | - | - | - | - | - | 1,341 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | 70,390 | $ | 92 | $ | 598,069 | $ | (490,573 | ) | $ | (85 | ) | (200 | ) | $ | (2,741 | ) | $ | - | $ | 104,762 | ||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional | Accumulated | Accumulated Other | Treasury Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Paid-In Capital | Deficit | Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2011 | 34,046 | 44 | 463,440 | (388,674 | ) | (268 | ) | (200 | ) | (2,741 | ) | 71,801 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (35,431 | ) | - | - | - | (35,431 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 8 | - | - | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expenses for share-based payment arrangements | - | - | 6,536 | - | - | - | - | 6,536 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions ($1,518) and offering expenses ($434) | 12,650 | 17 | 23,331 | - | - | - | - | 23,348 | |||||||||||||||||
| Forfeitures of restricted stock | (6 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock under stock incentive plan and exercise of stock options | 75 | - | 306 | - | - | - | - | 306 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | 46,765 | 61 | 493,613 | (424,105 | ) | (260 | ) | (200 | ) | (2,741 | ) | 66,568 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (42,572 | ) | - | - | - | (42,572 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 68 | - | - | 68 | |||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expenses for share-based payment arrangements | - | - | 3,546 | - | - | - | - | 3,546 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of subsidiary, net of issuance costs | 4,472 | 6 | 11,214 | - | - | - | - | 11,220 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions ($2,581) and offering expenses ($351) | 9,775 | 12 | 40,066 | - | - | - | - | 40,078 | |||||||||||||||||
| Forfeitures of restricted stock | (1 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 14 | - | 71 | - | - | - | - | 71 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | 61,025 | 79 | 548,510 | (466,677 | ) | (192 | ) | (200 | ) | (2,741 | ) | 78,979 | |||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | 4,410 | - | - | - | 4,410 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 192 | - | - | 192 | |||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expenses for share-based payment arrangements | - | - | 3,523 | - | - | - | - | 3,523 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of common stock in public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions ($2,415) and offering expenses ($376) | 8,750 | 12 | 37,447 | - | - | - | - | 37,459 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of subsidiary escrow shares returned | (19 | ) | - | (82 | ) | - | - | - | - | (82 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 77 | - | 428 | - | - | - | - | 428 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | 69,833 | 91 | 589,826 | (462,267 | ) | - | (200 | ) | (2,741 | ) | 124,909 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,733 | $ | (39,119 | ) | $ | 4,410 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,078 | 565 | 545 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,457 | 2,948 | 3,523 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of fixed assets | (296 | ) | (2 | ) | (110 | ) | ||||||
Intangible impairment charge | - | - | 2,676 | |||||||||
Paid in-kind interest | 765 | - | - | |||||||||
Non-cash interest expense | 38 | - | - | |||||||||
Deferred income tax | 1,811 | (133 | ) | (989 | ) | |||||||
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability | (4,600 | ) | 1,600 | 1,500 | ||||||||
Acqusition of subsidiary escrow shares returned | - | - | (82 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (1,322 | ) | (3,415 | ) | 2,770 | |||||||
Other current assets | 1,314 | (3,058 | ) | (572 | ) | |||||||
Other assets | (778 | ) | (1,535 | ) | - | |||||||
Accounts payable | 243 | (202 | ) | (435 | ) | |||||||
Accrued expenses | 6,581 | 2,354 | 493 | |||||||||
Deferred tax and other current liabilities | (158 | ) | (60 | ) | - | |||||||
Other liabilities | 343 | (80 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 19,209 | (40,137 | ) | 13,726 | ||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired | - | (6,202 | ) | - | ||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (4,286 | ) | (370 | ) | (714 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | 347 | 48 | 143 | |||||||||
Proceeds from redemption of auction rate securities | - | - | 2,400 | |||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (3,939 | ) | (6,524 | ) | 1,829 | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 48,650 | - | - | |||||||||
Net proceeds from public offering of common stock | - | - | 37,459 | |||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1,340 | 1,737 | 428 | |||||||||
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | (368 | ) | (292 | ) | - | |||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 49,622 | 1,445 | 37,887 | |||||||||
Effect of currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (86 | ) | 17 | - | ||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 64,806 | (45,199 | ) | 53,442 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 74,103 | 119,302 | 65,860 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 138,909 | $ | 74,103 | $ | 119,302 | ||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | 4,410 | $ | (42,572 | ) | $ | (35,431 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 545 | 939 | 1,324 | |||||||||
| (Gains) losses on sales of fixed assets | (110 | ) | 204 | (327 | ) | |||||||
| Intangible impairment charge | 2,676 | 919 | - | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax | (989 | ) | (362 | ) | - | |||||||
| Change in contingent consideration liability | 1,500 | (200 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Expenses for share-based compensation awards | 3,523 | 3,546 | 6,536 | |||||||||
| Acquisition of subsidiary escrow shares returned | (82 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable | 2,770 | 4,114 | (5,421 | ) | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in other current assets | (572 | ) | 336 | (754 | ) | |||||||
| Decrease (increase) in deferred tax and other assets | - | 2,044 | (2,002 | ) | ||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses | 58 | (1,956 | ) | (691 | ) | |||||||
| (Decrease) increase in deferred revenue – current | - | (886 | ) | 634 | ||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in deferred tax and other current liabilities | - | (2,069 | ) | 2,069 | ||||||||
| (Decrease) in deferred revenue - long term | - | - | (162 | ) | ||||||||
| (Decrease) in other liabilities | (3 | ) | (164 | ) | (419 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 13,726 | (36,107 | ) | (34,644 | ) | |||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Cash acquired in acquisition of subsidiary | - | 1,888 | - | |||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (714 | ) | (137 | ) | (767 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sales of fixed assets | 143 | 174 | 390 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from redemption of auction rate securities | 2,400 | 1,100 | 100 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 1,829 | 3,025 | (277 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Equity issuance costs in connection with acquisition of subsidiary | - | (45 | ) | - | ||||||||
| Proceeds from public offering of common stock, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses | 37,459 | 40,078 | 23,348 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and sale of common stock under the employee stock purchase plans | 428 | 71 | 306 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 37,887 | 40,104 | 23,654 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 53,442 | 7,022 | (11,267 | ) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 65,860 | 58,838 | 70,105 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 119,302 | $ | 65,860 | $ | 58,838 | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration liability | $ | $15,700 | ||||||||||
| Stock acquisition consideration | $ | $11,265 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTESTOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Business
Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Progenics," "we"and its subsidiaries (“the Company,” “Progenics,” “we” or "us"“us”) developsdevelop innovative medicines for oncology.and other technologies to target and treat cancer. Our clinical development efforts center on late-stage oncology assets. We are conducting phase 2 clinical trial of ourpipeline includes: 1) therapeutic candidateagents designed to precisely target cancer (AZEDRA® and 1095), 2) PSMA-targeted imaging agents for prostate cancer PSMA ADC, a fully human monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)(1404 and PyLTM), and have recently completed a phase 2 trial of 1404 (trofolastat), an3) imaging agent candidate also for prostate cancer. We resumed a pivotal phase 2 clinical trial of Azedra™, our ultra-orphan radiotherapy candidate for pheochromocytoma.
In February 2011, we licensed our first commercial drug, RelistorRELISTOR® (methylnaltrexone bromide) subcutaneous injection for the treatment of opioid induced constipation (OIC)(“OIC”), to Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which in (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (“Valeant”)). In September 2014 RELISTOR received an expanded approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") for the treatment of OIC in patients taking opioids for chronic non-cancer pain. On July 19, 2016, the FDA approved RELISTOR Tablets for the treatment of OIC in adults with chronic non-cancer pain, for which we received a $50.0 million development milestone payment from Valeant in the third quarter of 2016. We have partnered other internally-developed or acquired compounds and technologies with third parties. We continue to consider opportunities for strategic collaborations, out-licenses and other arrangements with biopharmaceutical companies involving proprietary research, development and clinical programs, and may in the future also in-license or acquire additional oncology compounds and/or programs.
Our current principal sources of revenue from operations are royalty, commercialization milestonedevelopment and commercial milestones, and sublicense revenue-sharing payments from Salix's Relistor operations.Valeant relating to RELISTOR. Royalty and further milestone payments from RelistorRELISTOR depend on success in development and commercialization, which is dependent on many factors, such as Salix'sValeant’s efforts, decisions by the FDA and other regulatory bodies, competition from drugs for the same or similar indications, and the outcome of clinical and other testing of Relistor.
We fund our operations to a significant extent from capital-raising. During 2014, we raised $37.5 million in an underwritten public offering of 8.75 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.60 per share, and entered into an agreement with an investment bank under which we may sell from time to time up to $50 million of our stock. During 2013, we completed an underwritten public offering of 9.8 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.40 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $40.1 million.
Funding and Financial Matters.Liquidity
At December 31, 2014,2016, we held $119.3had $138.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $53.4$64.8 million from $65.9$74.1 million at December 31, 2013.2015. We expect that this amount will be sufficient to fund operations as currently anticipated beyond one year.year from the filing date of this Form 10-K. We have historically funded our operations to a significant extent from capital-raising and we expect to require additional funding in the future, the availability of which is never guaranteed and may be uncertain. During 2014, we raised $37.5 million in an underwritten public offering of 8.75 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.60 per share. During 2016, we raised net proceeds of $48.7 million through a royalty monetization transaction (SeeNote 9. Long-Term Debt, Net for additional information). We expect that we may continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP)(“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates itswe evaluate our estimates, including but not limited to those related to collectability of receivables, intangible assets and contingencies. As additional information becomes available or actual amounts become determinable, the recorded estimates are revised and reflected in the operating results. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain expense amounts have been reclassifiedcombined in prior periods'periods’ financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. This includes the reclassification of (i) certain expenses for share-based compensation from research and development to general and administrative expenses, (ii) certain non-cash items from general and administrative expenses to intangible impairment charges and change in contingent consideration liability, and (iii) certain expenses from royalty expense to license fees – research and development, which reclassifications had no effect on total expenses as previously reported.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Progenics as well as its wholly-owned and PSMA LLC, ascontrolled subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Foreign Currency Translation
Each of our international subsidiaries generally considers their respective local currency to be their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these international subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at quarter-end exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the quarter and year-to-date period. Foreign currency translation adjustments for the reported periods are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”) in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), and the cumulative effect is included in the stockholders' equity section of our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses denominated in foreign currencies are recorded in operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and were not material to our consolidated results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and 2012assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and Molecular Insightaccompanying notes. Actual results may differ from January 18, 2013, the date we acquired this subsidiary. Inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue from all sources based on the provisions of the SEC'sU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)(“SAB”) No. 104 (SAB 104)(“SAB 104”) and ASCthe Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605 (Topic 605,Revenue Recognition.Recognition). Under ASC 605, delivered items are separate units of accounting, provided (i) the delivered items have value to a collaborator on a stand-alone basis, and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in our control. A separate update to ASC 605 provides guidance on the criteria that should be met when determining whether the milestone method of revenue recognition is appropriate.
If we are involved in a steering or other committee as part of a multiple-deliverable arrangement, we assess whether our involvement constitutes a performance obligation or a right to participate. For those committees that are deemed obligations, we will evaluate our participation along with other obligations in the arrangement and will attribute revenue to our participation through the period of our committee responsibilities. We recognize revenue for payments that are contingent upon performance solely by our collaborator immediately upon the achievement of the defined event if we have no related performance obligations. Reimbursement of costs is recognized as revenue provided the provisions of ASC 605 are met, the amounts are determinable and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured.
Amounts received prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized within one year of the balance sheet date are classified as long-term. The estimate of the classification of deferred revenue as short- or long-term is based upon the period in which we expect to perform joint committee services.
Royalty revenue is recognized in the period the sales occur, provided the royalty amounts are fixed or determinable, collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured and we have no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement providing for the royalty. Royalty loss is recognized based upon reported sales deductions in excess of gross sales resulting in net sales (losses) and is recognized in the period net sales (losses) occur. Royalty loss is classified in royalty income in the consolidated statements of operations and the related accrued royalty loss liability is classified in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.
During the past three years, we also recognized revenue from sales of research reagents and during 2013 and 2012, from government research grants, awarded to us by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which we used in proprietary research programs. NIH grant revenue is recognized as efforts are expended and as related program costs are incurred. We performed work under the NIH grants on a best-effort basis.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Under the agreement with Bayer, we are entitled to receive an upfront payment of $4.0 million and up to $49.0 million in potential clinical and regulatory development milestones. We are also entitled to single digit royalties on net sales, and potential net sales milestone payments up to an aggregate total of $130.0 million. In 2016, we recognized license revenue of $7.0 million, of which $4.0 million related to the upfront payment and $3.0 million related to the achievement of a preclinical development milestones.
During 2015, we recognized $1.5 million milestone revenue under our 2012 agreement with CytoDyn Inc. for ouras a result of CytoDyn’s dosing of the first patient in its Phase 3 clinical trial of PRO 140 program, we received $3.5 million payment and140. We are eligible for future milestone and royalty payments.
During 2014, we recognized $40.0 million milestone revenue from Valeant upon U.S. marketing approval for subcutaneous RELISTOR in non-cancer pain patients and $1.0 million milestone revenue from FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd. (“Fuji”) upon execution of the first contract by Fuji with an investigation site for a Phase 1 trial of 1404 in Japan.
In consideration2014, Valeant entered into an agreement with Lupin Limited for distribution of RELISTOR in Canada. During the second quarter of 2016, we recognized license revenue of $720 thousand for our share of the upfront payment we have delivered relevant know-how (including patent rights), inventory and non-reimbursable services.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include costs directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the cost of salaries, payroll taxes, employee benefits, materials, supplies, maintenance of research equipment, costs related to research collaboration and licensing agreements, the purchase of in-process research and development, the cost of services provided by outside contractors, including services related to our clinical trials, the full cost of manufacturing drug for use in research, pre-clinical development and clinical trials. All costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.
At each period end, we evaluate the accrued expense balance related to these activities based upon information received from the suppliers and estimated progress towards completion of the research or development objectives to ensure that the balance is reasonably stated. Such estimates are subject to change as additional information becomes available.
Patents
As a result of research and development efforts conducted by us, we have applied, or are applying, for a number of patents to protect proprietary inventions. All costs associated with patents are expensed as incurred.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
We prepare earnings per share (EPS) data in accordance with ASC 260 (Topic 260,Earnings Per Share.Share). Basic net income (loss) income per share amounts have been computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Progenics by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For 2015, we reported net losses and, therefore, potential common shares, amounts of unrecognized compensation expense and windfall tax benefits have been excluded from diluted net loss per share since they would be anti-dilutive. For 2016 and 2014, we reported net income, and the computation of diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted-average number of our common shares and dilutive effect, determined using the treasury stock method, of potential common shares outstanding including amounts of unrecognized compensation expense. In periods where sharesShares to be issued upon the assumed conversion of the contingent consideration liability have an anti-dilutive effect onare excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share these shares are excluded from the calculation. For 2013 and 2012, we reported net losses and, therefore, potential common shares, amounts of unrecognized compensation expense and windfall tax benefitscalculation, if performance conditions have not been excluded from diluted net loss per share since they would be anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2012, 28 shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding have non-forfeitable rights to dividends; all such shares were vested at the end of December 31, 2013. The allocation of 2013 and 2012 net losses to these participating securities pursuant to the two-class method is not material to both basic and diluted earnings per share.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject Progenics to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents auction rate securities and receivables. We invest our excess cash in money market funds.funds, which are classified as cash and cash equivalents. We have established guidelines that relate to credit quality, diversification and maturity and that limit exposure to any one issue of securities. We hold no collateral for these financial instruments.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments which have maturities of three months or less, when acquired, to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value. Cash and cash equivalents subject us to concentrations of credit risk. At December 31, 20142016 and 2013,2015, we havehad invested approximately $112,808$137.3 million and $60,364,$68.1 million, respectively, in cash equivalents in the form of money market funds with one major investment company and held approximately $6,494$1.6 million and $5,496,$6.0 million, respectively, in twothree commercial banks.
Accounts Receivable
We estimate the level of accounts receivable which ultimately will be uncollectable based on a review of specific receivable balances, industry experience and the current economic environment. We reserve for affected accounts receivable an allowance for doubtful accounts, which at December 31, 20142015 and 20132014 was $10 and $7, respectively.
In-Process Research and Development, Other Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The fair values of in-process research and development (IPR&D)(“IPR&D”) and other identified intangible assets acquired in business combinations are capitalized. The Company utilizes the "income method,"“income method”, which applies a probability weighting that considers the risk of development and commercialization to the estimated future net cash flows that are derived from projected sales revenues and estimated costs.costs or “replacement costs”, whichever is greater. These projections are based on factors such as relevant market size, patent protection, historical pricing of similar products and expected industry trends. The estimated future net cash flows are then discounted to the present value using an appropriate discount rate. This analysis is performed for each IPR&D project and other identified intangible assets independently. TheseIPR&D assets are treated as indefinite-lived intangible assets until completion or abandonment of the projects, at which time the assets are amortized over the remaining useful life or written off, as appropriate. IPR&DOther identified intangible assets which are determined to have a decline in their fair value are adjusted downward and an impairment loss is recognized inamortized over the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Theserelevant estimated useful life. The IPR&D assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment.
Goodwill represents excess consideration in a business combination over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment testing at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. The Company determines whether goodwill may be impaired by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit (the Company has determined that it has only one reporting unit for this purpose, which includes Molecular Insight)purpose), calculated as the product of shares outstanding and the share price as of the end of a period, to its carrying value (for this purpose, the Company'sCompany’s total stockholders'stockholders’ equity). No goodwill impairment has been recognized as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Gross Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | |||||||||
| Finite lived intangible assets | $ | 21 | $ | 2 | $ | 19 | |||||
| Total | $ | 21 | $ | 2 | $ | 19 | |||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
| Goodwill | IPR&D | |||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2013 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Increase related to MIP acquisition | 7,702 | 32,300 | ||||||
| Reclassification to finite lived IPR&D | - | (21 | ) | |||||
| Impairment | - | (919 | ) | |||||
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 7,702 | $ | 31,360 | ||||
| Impairment | - | (2,660 | ) | |||||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 7,702 | $ | 28,700 | ||||
In accordance with ASC 820 (Topic 820,Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures), we use a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed from market data obtained from outside sources (observable inputs) and our own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed from the best information available to us in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). We assign hierarchy levels to assets constituting our available-for-sale portfolio and to our contingent consideration liability arising from the MIPMolecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Molecular Insight”) acquisition based on our assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used in the valuation. ASC 820 defines the three hierarchy levels as:
● | Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical securities. |
● | Level 2 - Valuations based on observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets at the measurement date, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly. |
● | Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs that are significant to the overall fair value measurement, which as noted above involve management judgment. |
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
We believe the carrying amounts of the Company'sour cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, other assets, (restricted cash providing collateral for a letter of credit securing lease obligations) and accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their fair values as of December 31, 20142016 and 2013 and due to their short-term nature are considered Level 1 instruments.
The fair value of the contingent consideration liability consisting ofrepresents future potential milestone payments related to the MIP acquisition was $17.2 million as of December 31, 2014, $15.7 million as of December 31, 2013 and $15.9 million as January 18, 2013, the acquisition date.Molecular Insight acquisition. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability is categorized as a Level 3 instrument, as displayed in Note 3. The Company records4. We record the contingent consideration liability at fair value with changes in estimated fair values recorded in the Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Operations. During 2014, we reassessedoperations. We reassess the fair value of the contingent consideration and recorded a $1.5 million increase primarily due to higher probability of success for 1404, partially offset by a decrease due to lower projected revenues for MIP-1095. As of December 31, 2013, we reassessed the fair value of theat each reporting period. The contingent consideration and recorded a $0.2 million decrease, due to an increase in the discount period. The December 31, 2014 contingent consideration of $17.2 millionliability results from probability adjusted discounted cash flows and Monte Carlo simulation models which include estimates of significant milestone payments to former MIPMolecular Insight stockholders under the acquisition agreement ranging from 2018 to 2026 and risk adjusted discount rates of 10% and 3.5% for the milestone-based and net sales targets, respectively.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Our non-financial assets, such as intangible assets and property and equipment, are measured and recorded at fair value on the acquisition date, and if indicators of impairment exist, we assess recoverability by measuring the amount of any impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its then-current estimated fair value (for intangible assets) or to market prices for similar assets (for property and equipment). If the carrying value is not recoverable we record an impairment charge in our consolidated statements of operations. No impairments occurred for the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The companyyear ended December 31, 2016. We reassessed the value of the indefinite lived intangible assets and recorded a non-cash charge to earnings of $2,676 and $919$2.7 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively. These impairments were2014. This impairment was the result of changes in the Level 3 assumptions as follows: the timing of beginning cash inflows from 2021 to 2024 and a decrease in discount rate from 20% to 13.5% for the MIP-10951095 intangible asset, in addition to the third quarter 2014 and fourth quarter 2013 impairments of the OnaltaONALTATM indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets, resulting from decreased probabilities of success. An increase in the current discount rate of 0.135% or decrease in the probability of success of 0.194% would result in an impairment of the remaining book value of the MIP-1095 intangible asset. In connection with the second quarter 2013 amendment of the Company's Tarrytown lease, we recognized impairment losses of $347 on leasehold improvements and machinery and equipment removed from service, which are included in Research and development expenses in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2013. No impairments occurred for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Other current assets are comprised of prepaid expenses, interest, amount held in escrow for former employee litigation, which is restricted, and other receivables of $2,515$4.3 million and $1,943$5.6 million at December 31, 20142016 and 2013,2015, respectively, which are expected to be settled within one year. Restricted cash, included in other assets, of $157$2.0 million and $1.7 million at December 31, 20142016 and 2013 consists of2015, respectively, represents collateral for a letterletters of credit securing lease obligations.obligations and advanced title to remaining shares held by noncontrolling interests. We believe the carrying value of these assets approximates fair value and are considered Level 1 assets.
Fixed Assets
Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and equipment are stated at cost. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease or of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Costs of construction of long-lived assets are capitalized but are not depreciated until the assets are placed in service.
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets are charged to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is recognized in operations. The estimated useful lives of fixed assets are as follows:
Computer equipment (years) | 3 | |||||
Machinery and equipment (years) | 5 | - | 7 | |||
Furniture and fixtures (years) | 5 | |||||
Leasehold improvements | Earlier of life of improvement or lease | |||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Deferred Lease LiabilityLease Liability and Incentive
Our lease agreements include fixed escalations of minimum annual lease payments and we recognize rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and record the difference between rent expense and current rental payments as deferred lease liability. Deferred lease incentive includes a construction allowance from our landlord which is amortized as a reduction to rental expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of December 31, 20142016 and 2013, the Consolidated Balance Sheets2015, our consolidated balance sheets include the following:
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Other current liabilities: | ||||||||
Deferred lease incentive | $ | 26 | $ | 115 | ||||
Other liabilities: | ||||||||
Deferred lease liability | $ | 876 | $ | 402 | ||||
Deferred lease incentive | $ | 328 | $ | 460 | ||||
| 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Other current liabilities: | |||||||
| Deferred lease incentive | $ | 115 | $ | 115 | |||
| Total other current liabilities | $ | 115 | $ | 115 | |||
| Other liabilities: | |||||||
| Deferred lease liability | $ | 336 | $ | 224 | |||
| Deferred lease incentive | 575 | 690 | |||||
| Total other liabilities | $ | 911 | $ | 914 | |||
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740 (Topic 740,Income Taxes), which requires that we recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (temporary differences) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets for which realization is uncertain.
In accordance with ASC 718 (Topic 718,Compensation – Stock Compensation) and ASC 505 (Topic 505,Equity), we have made a policy decision related to intra-period tax allocation, to account for utilization of windfall tax benefits based on provisions in the tax law that identify the sequence in which amounts of tax benefits are used for tax purposes (i.e.(i.e., tax law ordering).
Uncertain tax positions are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a comprehensive model for the manner in which a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its financial statements all material uncertain tax positions that we have taken or expect to take on a tax return. ASC 740 applies to income taxes and is not intended to be applied by analogy to other taxes, such as sales taxes, value-add taxes, or property taxes. We review our nexus in various tax jurisdictions and our tax positions related to all open tax years for events that could change the status of our ASC 740 liability, if any, or require an additional liability to be recorded. Such events may be the resolution of issues raised by a taxing authority, expiration of the statute of limitations for a prior open tax year or new transactions for which a tax position may be deemed to be uncertain. Those positions, for which management's assessment is that there is more than a 50 percent50% probability of sustaining the position upon challenge by a taxing authority based upon its technical merits, are subjected to the measurement criteria of ASC 740. We record the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. Any ASC 740 liabilities for which we expect to make cash payments within the next twelve months are classified as "short term." In the event that we conclude that we are subject to interest and/or penalties arising from uncertain tax positions, we will record interest and penalties as a component of income taxes (seeNote 12)13. Income Taxes for additional information).
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
We have to date relied principally on external funding, collaborationslicense agreements with Salix, FujiValeant, Bayer and others, out-licensing and asset sale arrangements, royalty and product revenue to finance our operations. There can be no assurance that our research and development will be successfully completed, that any products developed will obtain necessary marketing approval by regulatory authorities or that any approved products will be commercially viable. In addition, we operate in an environment of rapid change in technology, and we are dependent upon satisfactory relationships with our partners and the continued services of our current employees, consultants and subcontractors. We are also dependent upon SalixValeant and Fuji fulfilling their manufacturing obligations, either on their own or through third-party suppliers. For 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012,2014, the primary sources of our revenues were Salix, Ono, Fuji, asset out-licensingroyalty and disposition, and research grant revenues from the NIH (2013 and 2012).milestone payments. There can be no assurance that such revenues from asset out-licensing and disposition, Salix and Fuji will continue. Substantially all of our accounts receivable at December 31, 20142016 and 20132015 were from the above-named sources.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in net assets of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Our comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) adjusted for the changes in foreign currency translation adjustment and net change in net unrealized gain or loss on auction rate securities. The disclosures required by ASC 220 (Topic 220,Comprehensive Income) for 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 20122014 have been included in the Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)comprehensive income (loss). There was no income tax expense/benefit allocated to any component of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)other comprehensive income (loss) (seeNote 12)10. Stockholders’ Equity for additional information).
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be a party to legal proceedings in the course of our business. The outcome of any such proceedings, regardless of the merits, is inherently uncertain. The assessment of whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible, and whether the loss or a range of loss is estimable, often involves a series of complex judgments about future events. The Company records accruals for contingencies to the extent that the occurrence of the contingency is probable and the amount of liability is reasonably estimable. If the reasonable estimate of liability is within a range of amounts and some amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, then the Company records that amount as an accrual. If no amount within the range is a reasonable estimate, then the Company records the lowest amount within the range as an accrual. Loss contingencies that are assessed as remote are not reported in the financial statements, or in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Impact of Recently Issued andAdopted Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16 (“ASU 2015-16”),Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The standard requires the acquirer in a business combination to recognize in the reporting period in which adjustment amounts are determined any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. We adopted this standard during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. The adoption had no impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows as presented. However, the future impact of ASU 2015-16 will be dependent on future acquisitions, if any.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15,Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This ASU explicitly requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosure in certain circumstances. We adopted this standard as of December 31, 2016. The adoption of this ASU had no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and consolidated notes to these statements.
Not Yet Adopted
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04 (“ASU 2017-04”),Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The update simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 (“ASU 2016-18”),Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – RestrictedCash. For entities that have restricted cash and are required to present a statement of cash flows, ASU 2016-18 changes the cash flow presentation for restricted cash. ASU 2016-18 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. We do not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or statement of cash flows.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 (“ASU 2016-15”),Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The standard provides guidance on eight (8) cash flow issues: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon bonds; (3) contingent consideration payments after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 addresses how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09,Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)("ASU 2016-09"). The standard simplifies several aspects of accounting for stock-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016; however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02,Leases (Topic 842)("ASU 2016-02").The standard requires lessees to recognize leases on their balance sheets, and leaves lessor accounting largely unchanged. Additionally, ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to elect to use certain transition relief. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted for all entities. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01,Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities("ASU 2016-01"). The standard requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, and separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset. Additionally, ASU 2016-01 eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Other than an amendment relating to presenting in comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in instrument-specific credit risk (if the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value), early adoption is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, whichRevenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"). The standard provides a single model for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance. This ASU provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict transfers of promised goods or services to customers in amounts reflecting the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in the transaction by: (1) identifying the contract; (2) identifying the contract's performance obligations; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when or as the entity satisfies the performance obligations. The ASU will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods. Early adoption is not permitted. The guidance permits companies to apply the requirements either retrospectively to all prior periods presented or in the year of adoption through a cumulative adjustment. We are evaluating the prospective impact of the pendingASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
3. Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets
Acquisition of EXINI Diagnostics AB
On November 12, 2015, we acquired 92.45% of the outstanding shares of EXINI, a Lund, Sweden based leader in the development of advanced imaging analysis tools and solutions for medical decision support. EXINI's operations are included in our consolidated financial statements beginning November 12, 2015, the date we acquired control. Through the end of the extended acceptance period of November 27, 2015, we acquired additional outstanding shares, bringing our ownership to 96.81%. We commenced a judicial process in Sweden for acquiring the remaining shares and EXINI was delisted and ceased to be publicly traded effective as of the close of trading on December 4, 2015. On December 8, 2016, a Swedish arbitral tribunal awarded us advanced title to the remaining shares of EXINI and, as of that date, EXINI became a wholly-owned subsidiary with 100% of the voting shares owned by us.
Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
In connection with the 2015 acquisition of EXINI and the 2013 acquisition of Molecular Insight, intangible assets and goodwill were initially measured at the acquisition date at estimated fair value and capitalized.
Third and fourth quarter 2014 reviews of our intangible assets resulted in $2.7 million impairments of the indefinite-lived balance and a $16 thousand impairment of the finite-lived balance, with the corresponding impairment charges recorded in our consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes the activity related to goodwill and intangible assets:
Other | ||||||||||||
Intangible | ||||||||||||
Goodwill | IPR&D | Assets | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2015 | $ | 7,702 | $ | 28,700 | $ | - | ||||||
Increase related to EXINI acquisition | 5,372 | - | 2,120 | |||||||||
Amortization expense | - | - | (27 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment | - | - | - | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 13,074 | 28,700 | 2,093 | |||||||||
Amortization expense | - | - | (212 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 13,074 | $ | 28,700 | $ | 1,881 | ||||||
The following table reflects the components of the finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2016:
Gross Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Value | ||||||||||
Finite lived intangible assets | $ | 2,120 | $ | 239 | $ | 1,881 | ||||||
Total | $ | 2,120 | $ | 239 | $ | 1,881 | ||||||
The weighted-average remaining life of the finite-lived intangible assets was approximately nine years at December 31, 2016.
Amortization expense was calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset and was $212 thousand and $27 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Assuming no changes in the gross carrying amount of finite lived intangible assets, the future annual amortization expense related to finite lived intangible assets is expected to be $212 thousand in each of the next five years (2017 through 2021) .
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
4. Fair Value Measurements
We record the contingent consideration liability resulting from the Molecular Insight acquisition at fair value in accordance with ASC 820-10-50.
The following tables present our money market funds, included in cash and cash equivalents, auction rate securities assets in 2013, and contingent consideration liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated, classified by valuation hierarchy:
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at | Active Markets for | Observable | Unobservable | |||||||||||||
December 31, | Identical Assets | Inputs | Inputs | |||||||||||||
2016 | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 137,340 | $ | 137,340 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 137,340 | $ | 137,340 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration liability | $ | 14,200 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 14,200 | ||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 14,200 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 14,200 | ||||||||
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at | Active Markets for | Observable | Unobservable | |||||||||||||
December 31, | Identical Assets | Inputs | Inputs | |||||||||||||
2015 | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 68,140 | $ | 68,140 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 68,140 | $ | 68,140 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration liability | $ | 18,800 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,800 | ||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 18,800 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,800 | ||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2014 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | 112,808 | $ | 112,808 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 112,808 | $ | 112,808 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||
| Liability: | |||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | 17,200 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 17,200 | |||||||
| Total Liability | $ | 17,200 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 17,200 | |||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | 60,364 | $ | 60,364 | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||
| Auction rate securities | 2,208 | - | - | 2,208 | |||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 62,572 | $ | 60,364 | $ | - | $ | 2,208 | |||||||
| Liability: | |||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | 15,700 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 15,700 | |||||||
| Total Liability | $ | 15,700 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 15,700 | |||||||
Under the terms of the securities, (ii) collateralization of underlying assetsterms of the security and (iii) credit quality of the security. Dueacquisition agreement, we agreed to pay to the 2014 redemptionformer stockholders potential milestones, in cash or our common stock at our option, of auction rate securities, the temporary impairment amount of $192 as of December 31, 2013 has been reversed, which is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Significant changes in any of the probabilities of success would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement, respectively.measurement. Significant changes in the probabilities as to the periods in which milestones will be achieved would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement, respectively. The Company recordsmeasurement. We record the contingent consideration liability at fair value with changes in estimated fair values recorded in change in contingent consideration liability in the Consolidated Statementsour consolidated statements of Operations.operations.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
The following tables present quantitative information pertaining to the December 31, 2016 and 2015 fair value measurementmeasurements of the Level 3 inputs asinputs. The 2016 decrease in the contingent consideration liability of December 31, 2014$4.6 million resulted primarily from a decrease in the projected sales and 2013:an increase in the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the potential sales-based milestone payments to former Molecular Insight stockholders under the acquisition agreement.
Fair Value at | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | Range | |||||||||||||
2016 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | (Weighted-Average) | |||||||||||
Contingent Consideration Liability: | ||||||||||||||
AZEDRA commercialization | $ | 3,800 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 54% | |||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement |
| 2018 | |||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
1404 commercialization | 4,700 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 59% | ||||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement |
| 2019 | |||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
1095 commercialization | 400 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 16% | ||||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement |
| 2024 | |||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
Net sales targets | 5,300 | Monte-Carlo simulation | Probability of success | 16% | - | 59% | ||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 14,200 | ||||||||||||
Fair Value at | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | Range | |||||||||||||
2015 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | (Weighted-Average) | |||||||||||
Contingent Consideration Liability: | ||||||||||||||
AZEDRA commercialization | $ | 2,500 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 40% | |||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement |
| ||||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
1404 commercialization | 4,200 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 59% | ||||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement | 2019 | ||||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
1095 commercialization | 500 | Probability adjusted | Probability of success | 19% | ||||||||||
discounted cash flow model | Period of expected milestone achievement | 2023 | ||||||||||||
Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||||||
Net sales targets | 11,600 | Monte-Carlo simulation | Probability of success | 19% | - | 59% | (37%) | |||||||
Discount rate(1) |
| 12% | / | 4% | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 18,800 | ||||||||||||
Fair Value as of December 31, 2014 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average) | |||||||
| Contingent consideration liability: | ||||||||||
| Azedra commercialization | $ | 2,300 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 40% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2018 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| 1404 commercialization | $ | 3,800 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 59% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2019 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| MIP-1095 commercialization | $ | 400 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 19% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2023 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| Net sales targets | $ | 10,700 | Monte-Carlo simulation | Probability of success | 19% - 59% (37.4%) | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2019 - 2026 | |||||||||
Discount rates(1) | 12%/3.5% | |||||||||
Fair Value as of December 31, 2013 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range (Weighted Average) | |||||||
| Asset: | ||||||||||
| Auction Rate Securities | $ | 2,208 | Discounted cash flow model | Redemption period | 5 to 15 years (6 years) | |||||
| Discount rate | 0.25% - 3.00% (1.55%) | |||||||||
| Contingent consideration liability: | ||||||||||
| Azedra commercialization | $ | 2,300 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 40% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2017 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| 1404 commercialization | $ | 2,000 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 31% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2018 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| MIP-1095 commercialization | $ | 500 | Probability adjusted discounted cash flow model | Probability of success | 19% | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2021 | |||||||||
| Discount rate | 10% | |||||||||
| Net sales targets | $ | 10,900 | Monte-Carlo simulation | Probability of success | 19% - 40% (32.8%) | |||||
| Period of milestone expected achievement | 2018 - 2022 | |||||||||
Discount rate(1) | 12.5% | |||||||||
(1)
For those financial instruments with significant Level 3 inputs, the following table summarizes the activities for the periods indicated:
Liability - Contingent Consideration | ||||||||
Fair Value Measurements Using | ||||||||
Significant Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||
(Level 3) | ||||||||
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 18,800 | $ | 17,200 | ||||
Fair value change included in net income (loss) | (4,600 | ) | 1,600 | |||||
Balance at end of period | $ | 14,200 | $ | 18,800 | ||||
Changes in unrealized gains or losses for the periodincluded in earnings (or changes in net assets) forliabilities held at the end of the reporting period | $ | (4,600 | ) | $ | 1,600 | |||
Asset – Auction Rate Securities Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||
| Description | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,208 | $ | 3,240 | ||||
| Transfers into Level 3 | - | - | ||||||
| Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | ||||||||
| Included in net income (loss) | - | - | ||||||
| Included in comprehensive income (loss) | 192 | 68 | ||||||
| Settlements | (2,400 | ) | (1,100 | ) | ||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | - | $ | 2,208 | ||||
| Total amount of unrealized gains (losses) for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the change in fair market value of related assets still held at the reporting date | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Liability – Contingent Consideration Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||
| Description | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 15,700 | $ | - | ||||
| Fair value of contingent consideration – acquisition of Molecular Insight | - | 15,900 | ||||||
| Fair value adjustment to contingent consideration included in net income (loss) | 1,500 | (200 | ) | |||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 17,200 | $ | 15,700 | ||||
| Changes in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for liabilities held at the end of the reporting period | $ | 1,500 | $ | (200 | ) | |||
| Amortized | Fair | Unrealized Holding | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2013: | Cost Basis | Value | Gains | (Losses) | Net | |||||||||||||||
| Maturities greater than ten years: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Auction rate securities | $ | 2,400 | $ | 2,208 | $ | - | $ | (192 | ) | $ | (192 | ) | ||||||||
| $ | 2,400 | $ | 2,208 | $ | - | $ | (192 | ) | $ | (192 | ) | |||||||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
| 2013: | Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Description of Securities | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||
| Auction rate securities | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,208 | $ | (192 | ) | $ | 2,208 | $ | (192 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,208 | $ | (192 | ) | $ | 2,208 | $ | (192 | ) | ||||||||||
Other-than-temporary impairment analysis on auction rate securities. The unrealized losses on our auction rate securities resulted from an internal analysis of timing of expected future successful auctions, collateralization of underlying assets of the security and credit quality of the security. At December 31, 2013 there was one security with a gross unrealized loss position of $192 ($2,208 of the total fair value)5.
Our accounts receivable represent amounts due to Progenicsus from collaborators, royalties, research grants and the sales of research reagents, and as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, consisted of the following:following at December 31, 2016 and 2015:
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Royalties | $ | 2,407 | $ | 3,463 | ||||
Collaborators | 2,000 | 63 | ||||||
Other | 457 | 27 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, gross | 4,864 | 3,553 | ||||||
Less - Allowance for doubtful accounts | - | (10 | ) | |||||
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 4,864 | $ | 3,543 | ||||
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Collaborators | $ | 14 | $ | 12 | ||||
| Royalties | 40 | 2,862 | ||||||
| Other | 65 | 12 | ||||||
| 119 | 2,886 | |||||||
| Less, allowance for doubtful accounts | (10 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | 109 | $ | 2,879 | ||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Fixed assets as of December 31, 20142016 and 20132015 consisted of the following:
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Machinery and equipment | $ | 1,493 | $ | 5,706 | ||||
Leasehold improvements | 1,640 | 5,027 | ||||||
Computer equipment | 695 | 1,727 | ||||||
Furniture and fixtures | 877 | 131 | ||||||
Construction in progress | 893 | 87 | ||||||
Property and equipment, gross | 5,598 | 12,678 | ||||||
Less - accumulated depreciation | (838 | ) | (10,271 | ) | ||||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 4,760 | $ | 2,407 | ||||
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Computer equipment | $ | 1,784 | $ | 2,234 | ||||
| Machinery and equipment | 5,238 | 7,091 | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 116 | 170 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 5,027 | 5,020 | ||||||
| Other | 208 | 16 | ||||||
| 12,373 | 14,531 | |||||||
| Less, accumulated depreciation and amortization | (9,821 | ) | (12,118 | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | 2,552 | $ | 2,413 | ||||
At December 31, 20142016 and 2013, $1.82015, $1.6 million and $2.0$1.5 million, respectively, of net leasehold improvements, net were being amortized over periods of 6.4-10.813.8 years and 8.5-10.86.4 – 10.8 years, respectively, under leases with terms through September 30, 2030 and December 31, 2020.
7. Accrued Expenses
The carrying value of our accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value as it represents amounts due to vendors and employees, whichthat will be satisfied within one year. Accounts payable and accruedAccrued expenses as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, consisted of the following:
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Accrued consulting and clinical trial costs | $ | 2,662 | $ | 2,672 | ||||
| Accrued payroll and related costs | 1,722 | 2,123 | ||||||
| Legal and professional fees | 1,063 | 608 | ||||||
| Accounts payable and other | 1,040 | 793 | ||||||
| Other | 83 | 316 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 6,570 | $ | 6,512 | ||||
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Loss contingency for litigation | $ | 4,000 | $ | 2,516 | ||||
Accrued legal and professional fees | 1,123 | 1,089 | ||||||
Accrued consulting and clinical trial costs | 6,933 | 2,844 | ||||||
Accrued payroll and related costs | 1,957 | 1,961 | ||||||
Other | 1,751 | 802 | ||||||
Accrued expenses | $ | 15,764 | $ | 9,212 | ||||
| Severance and Related Benefits | Other Exit Costs | Contract Termination Costs | Total Restructuring Accrual | |||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2011 | $ | 571 | $ | 6 | $ | 154 | $ | 731 | ||||||||
| Additions, net | 1,905 | 184 | 3 | 2,092 | ||||||||||||
| Payments | (1,663 | ) | (190 | ) | (157 | ) | (2,010 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | 813 | - | - | 813 | ||||||||||||
| Additions, net | 1,492 | 15 | 1,359 | 2,866 | ||||||||||||
| Payments | (2,305 | ) | (15 | ) | (1,359 | ) | (3,679 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Additions, net | 359 | - | - | 359 | ||||||||||||
| Payments | (359 | ) | - | - | (359 | ) | ||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
8. Stockholders' Equity
a. Operating Leases
At December 31, 2014,2016, we leased corporate office manufacturing and laboratory space underin New York City, pursuant to a lease agreementsagreement expiring in September 2030 (subject to an early termination right), and additional office space in Lund, Sweden, which expires in December 2020. 2018.
Rental payments are recognized as rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition to rents due under these agreements, we are obligated to pay additional facilities charges, including utilities, taxes and operating expenses.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
As of December 31, 2014,2016, future minimum annual payments under all operating lease agreements are as follows:
Years ending | Minimum Annual | |||
December 31, | Payments | |||
2017 | $ | 1,835 | ||
2018 | 1,868 | |||
2019 | 1,818 | |||
2020 | 1,852 | |||
2021 | 1,886 | |||
Thereafter | 20,682 | |||
Total | $ | 29,941 | ||
| Years ending December 31, | Minimum Annual Payments | ||
| 2015 | $ | 1,887 | |
| 2016 | 1,934 | ||
| 2017 | 1,983 | ||
| 2018 | 2,032 | ||
| 2019 | 2,083 | ||
| Thereafter | 2,135 | ||
| Total | $ | 12,054 | |
Rental expense totaled approximately $1,864, $3,548$1.2 million, $1.9 million, and $2,074$1.9 million for 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012,2014, respectively. For 2014, 20132016, rent expense exceeded amounts paid by $210 thousand and 2012,for 2015 and 2014, amounts paid exceeded rent expense by $49 thousand and $3 $164 and $419, respectively, due to the recognition of lease incentives.thousand, respectively. Additional facility charges, including utilities, taxes, and operating expenses, for 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 20122014 were approximately $2,117, $2,330$1.1 million, $2.5 million, and $2,845,$2.1 million, respectively.
b. Licensing, Service and Supply Agreements
We have entered into intellectual property-based license and service agreements in connection with product development programs, and have recognizedincurred milestone, license and sublicense fees and supply costs, included in research and development expenses, totaling approximately $324 thousand, $388 thousand, and $498 $567 and $1,170thousand during the last three years,2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Paid from inception/acquisition to December 31, 2016 | Future Commitments(1) | Terms | |||||||
Seattle Genetics, Inc. | $ | 4,701 | $ | 13,700 | Milestone and periodic maintenance payments to use ADC technology to link chemotherapeutic agents to monoclonal antibodies that target prostate specific membrane antigen. ADC technology is based in part on technology licensed by SGI from third parties. | ||||
Amgen Fremont, Inc. (formerly Abgenix) | $ | 1,350 | $ | 5,750 | Milestones and royalties to use XenoMouse® technology for generating fully human antibodies to PSMA LLC’s PSMA antigen. | ||||
Former member of PSMA LLC | $ | 391 | $ | 52,188 | Annual minimum royalty payments and milestones to use technology related to PSMA. | ||||
University of Zurich and the Paul Scherrer Institute | $ | 335 | $ | 1,005 | Annual maintenance and license fee payments, milestones and royalties in respect of licensed technology related to 1404. | ||||
University of Western Ontario | $ | 38 | $ | 275 | Annual minimum royalty, administration and milestone payments in respect of licensed technology related to AZEDRA. | ||||
Johns Hopkins University Technology | $ | 150 | $ | 2,760 | Annual minimum royalty payments and milestones to use technology related to PyL. | ||||
Selexis Commercial License Agreement | $ | 59 | $ | 1,802 | Milestones and royalties to use Selexis technology related to PSMA Antibodies. | ||||
| Paid from inception to December 31, 2014 | Future (1) Commitments | Terms | ||||||
| PSMA LLC agreements with: | ||||||||
| Seattle Genetics, Inc. | $ | 4,501 | $ | 13,800 | Milestone and periodic maintenance payments to use ADC technology to link chemotherapeutic agents to monoclonal antibodies that target prostate specific membrane antigen. ADC technology is based in part on technology licensed by SGI from third parties. | |||
| Amgen Fremont, Inc. (formerly Abgenix) | 1,350 | 5,750 | Milestones and royalties to use XenoMouse® technology for generating fully human antibodies to PSMA LLC's PSMA antigen. | |||||
| Former member of PSMA LLC | 316 | 52,197 | Annual minimum royalty payments and milestones to use technology related to PSMA. | |||||
| Paid from acquisition date to December 31, 2014 | Future (1) Commitments | Terms | ||||||
MIP agreements with: | ||||||||
| University of Zurich and the Paul Scherrer Institute | $ | 205 | $ | 1,160 | Annual maintenance and license fee payments, milestones and royalties in respect of licensed technology related to 1404. | |||
| University of Western Ontario | 16 | 335 | Annual minimum royalty, administration and milestone payments in respect of licensed technology related to Azedra. | |||||
(1) Amounts based on known contractual obligations as specified in the respective license agreements, which are dependent on the achievement or occurrence of future milestones or events and exclude amounts for royalties which are dependent on future sales and are unknown.
In addition, we are planning to out-license or terminate non-germane licenses and service agreements, as to which we have paid $301 thousand through December 31, 2016, and have future commitments of $14.3 million, subject to occurrence of future milestones or events.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
c. Consulting Agreements
As part of our research and development efforts, we have from time to time entered into consulting agreements with external scientific specialists. These agreements contain various terms and provisions, including fees to be paid by us and royalties, in the event of future sales, and milestone payments, upon achievement of defined events, payable by us. Certain of these scientists are advisors to Progenics,us, and some have purchased our Common Stockcommon stock or received stock options which are subject to vesting provisions. We have recognized expenses with regard to the consulting agreements of $164 thousand, $54 thousand, and $67 $39thousand for 2016, 2015, and $8 for 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Those expenses include the fair value of stock options granted during 2013, of approximately $17 and $7 for 2014 and 2013, respectively. Such amounts of fair value are included in research and development expense for each year presented (see Note 10).
d. Retirement Agreement
On January 4, 2017, we settled all claims against us under a party to a proceedingfederal action brought in 2010 by a former employee, complainingwhere such former employee had complained that the Companywe had violated the anti-retaliation provisions of the federalFederal Sarbanes-Oxley law by terminating the former employee. The Company believes the former employee's claims are without merit and is contesting the matter vigorously. The federal District Court hearing the case issued in July 2013 an order denying our motion for summary judgment dismissing the former employee's complaint, making it likely that the proceeding will continue to trial. Given the uncertainty attendant to the proceeding, we have accrued amounts inhim. In connection with this mattersettlement, we and the former employee exchanged mutual releases and we are to pay an aggregate sum of $4.0 million to the former employee and his attorneys, which is included in accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016. We have $1.7 million held by the District Court in escrow and recorded as restricted cash in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2016.
On October 7, 2015 Progenics, Valeant and Wyeth LLC (Valeant’s predecessor as licensee of RELISTOR) received notification of a Paragraph IV certification for certain patents for RELISTOR® (methylnaltrexone bromide) subcutaneous injection, which are listed in the FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, or the Orange Book. The certification resulted from the filing by Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) with the FDA, challenging such patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection before some or all of these patents expire.
On October 28, 2015, Progenics, Valeant and Wyeth LLC received a second notification of a Paragraph IV certification with respect to the same patents for RELISTOR subcutaneous injection from Actavis LLC as a result of Actavis LLC’s filing of an ANDA with the FDA, also challenging these patents and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR subcutaneous injection before some or all of these patents expire.
In October 2016, Progenics, Valeant, and Wyeth LLC received a notification of a Paragraph IV certification with respect to certain patents for RELISTOR Tablets. The certification accompanied the filing by Actavis LLC of an ANDA challenging such patents for RELISTOR Tablets and seeking to obtain approval to market a generic version of RELISTOR tablets before some or all of these patents expire.
In accordance with the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (commonly referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Act), Progenics and Valeant timely commenced litigation against each of these ANDA filers in order to obtain an automatic stay of FDA approval of the ANDA until the earlier of (i) 30 months from receipt of the notice or (ii) a District Court decision finding that the identified patents are invalid, unenforceable or not materialinfringed.
In addition to the above described ANDA notifications, in October 2015 Progenics received notices of opposition to three European patents relating to methylnaltrexone. The oppositions were filed separately by each of Actavis Group PTC ehf. and Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH.
Each of the above-described proceedings is in its early stages and Progenics and Valeant continue to cooperate closely to vigorously defend and enforce RELISTOR intellectual property rights. Pursuant to the RELISTOR license agreement between Progenics and Valeant, Valeant has the first right to enforce the intellectual property rights at issue and is responsible for the costs of such enforcement.
We are or may be from time to time involved in various other disputes, governmental and/or regulatory inspections, inquires, investigations and proceedings that could result in litigation, and other litigation matters that arise from time to time. The process of resolving matters through litigation or other means is inherently uncertain and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
In the third quarter of 2014, Progenics and Ono, its former licensee of RelistorRELISTOR in Japan, settled all claims between them relating to an arbitration commenced by Progenics in 2013, the parties'parties’ October 2008 License Agreement and the former licensee'slicensee’s development and commercialization of the drug. In connection therewith, the parties exchanged mutual releases and the former licensee paid Progenicsus $7.25 million, which has beenwas recorded as other operating income.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
9. Non-Recourse Long-Term Debt, Net
On November 4, 2016, through a new wholly-owned subsidiary MNTX Royalties Sub LLC (“MNTX Royalties”), we entered into a loan agreement (the “Royalty-Backed Loan”) with a fund managed by HealthCare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (“HCRP”) pursuant to which HCRP agreed to make term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. We borrowed $50.0 million and can borrow an additional $50.0 million, subject to mutual agreement with HCRP, up to twelve months after the closing date. Under the terms of the Royalty-Backed Loan, the lenders have no recourse to us or to any of our assets other than the right to receive royalty payments from the commercial sales of RELISTOR products owed under our agreement with Valeant. The RELISTOR royalty payments will be used to repay the principal and interest on the loan. The Royalty-Backed Loan bears interest at a per annum rate of 9.5%.
Under the terms of the loan agreement, payments of interest and principal, if any, under the loan will be made on the last day of each calendar quarter out of RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date. On each payment date prior to March 31, 2018, RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date will be applied solely to the payment of interest on the loan, with any royalties in excess of the interest amount retained by us. Beginning on March 31, 2018, 50 percent of RELISTOR royalty payments received since the immediately preceding payment date in excess of accrued interest on the loan will be used to repay the principal of the loan, with the balance retained by us. Starting on September 30, 2021, all of the RELISTOR royalties received since the immediately preceding payment date will be used to repay the interest and outstanding principal balance until the balance is fully repaid. The loan has a maturity date of June 30, 2025. Upon the occurrence of certain triggers in the loan agreement, or if HCRP so elects on or after January 1, 2018, all of the RELISTOR royalty payments received after the immediately preceding payment date shall be applied to the payment of interest and repayment of principal until the principal of the loan is fully repaid. In the event of such an election by HCRP, we have the right to repay the loan without any prepayment penalty.
In connection with the Royalty-Backed Loan, the debt issuance costs have been recorded as a debt discount in our consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized and recorded as interest expense throughout the life of the loan using the effective interest method.
The Loan Agreement contains customary defined events of default, upon which any outstanding principal and unpaid interest shall be immediately due and payable. These include: failure to pay any principal or interest when due; any uncured breach of a representation, warranty or covenant; any uncured failure to perform or observe covenants; any uncured cross default under a material contract; any uncured breach of our representations, warranties or covenants under a contribution and servicing agreement with MNTX Royalties; any termination of the RELISTOR license agreement; certain bankruptcy or insolvency events; and the occurrence of a material adverse effect.
As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all material covenants under the Royalty-Backed Loan and there was no material adverse change in our business, operations, or financial conditions, as defined in the loan agreement.
Future principal, based upon estimated sales projections, under the Royalty-Backed Loan as of December 31, 2016, are as follows:
2017 | $ | -- | ||
2018 | 2,626 | |||
2019 | 3,678 | |||
2020 | 4,795 | |||
2021 | 8,068 | |||
Thereafter | 31,598 | |||
Total payments | $ | 50,765 |
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Interest expense, including amortization of debt discount, related to the Royalty-Backed Loan for the year ended December 31, 2016 was approximately $0.8 million. Accrued interest, which was accreted as part of principal at December 31, 2016, was $0.7 million.
10. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue 160 million shares of our common stock, par value $.0013, and 20 million shares of preferred stock, par value $.001. The Board of Directors (the “Board”) has the authority to issue common and preferred shares, in series, with rights and privileges as determined by the Board.
Shelf Registration
During the first quarter of 2017, we established a $250.0 million replacement shelf registration statement. Under a previously established $150.0 million replacement shelf registration statement, in February 2014, we completed an underwritten public offering of 8.75 million shares of common stock at a public offering price of $4.60 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $37.5 million. All sales of shares have been and will continue to be made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (“AOCL”)
The following table summarizes the components of AOCL at December 31, 2016:
Foreign Currency Translation | AOCL | |||||||
Balance at January 1, 2016 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | ||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (59 | ) | (59 | ) | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (85 | ) | $ | (85 | ) | ||
We did not have any reclassifications out of AOCL to losses during 2016.
11. Stock-Based Compensation
Equity Incentive Plans
We adopted two stockthe following stockholder-approved equity incentive plans, theplans:
● The 1996 Amended Stock Incentive Plan (terminated(the "1996 Plan") authorized the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of our common stock covering several different types of awards, including stock options, restricted shares, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, and phantom stock. The 1996 Plan was terminated in 2006) and2006. Options granted before termination of the 1996 Plan will continue to remain outstanding until exercised, cancelled, or expired.
● The 2005 Stock Incentive Plan. Under these Plans as amended,Plan (the "2005 Plan"), pursuant to which we are authorized to issue up to 5,000 and 11,45011,450,000 shares of common stock respectively, have been reserved for the issuancecovering several different types of awards, to employees, consultants, directors and other individuals who render services to Progenics (collectively, Awardees). The Plans contain anti-dilution provisions in the event of aincluding stock split, stock dividend or other capital adjustment as defined. Each Plan provides for the Board or Committee to grant to Awardees stock options, restricted shares, stock appreciation rights, restrictedperformance shares, and phantom stock. The 2005 Plan will terminate on March 25, 2024.
The stock performance awards or phantom stock, as defined (collectively, Awards). The Committee is also authorized to determine the term and vesting of each Award and the Committeeoption plans provide that options may in its discretion accelerate the vesting ofbe granted at an Award at any time. Stock options granted under the Plans generally vest pro rata over three to five years and have terms of ten years. Restricted stock issued under either Plan generally vested annually over three to five years, unless specified otherwise by the Committee. The exercise price of outstanding non-qualified stock options is usually equal to the100% of fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The exercise pricegrant, may be exercised in full or in installments, at the discretion of non-qualified stock options grantedthe Board or its Compensation Committee, and must be exercised within ten years from the 2005 Plan and incentive stock options (ISO) granted from the Plans may not be lower than the fair value of our common stock on the datesdate of grant. At December 31, 2014, 2013Stock options generally vest pro rata over three to five years. We recognize stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service (vesting) period based on fair values. We use historical data to estimate expected employee behaviors related to option exercises and 2012, all outstanding stock options were non-qualified options. The 2005 Plan will terminate on March 25, 2024; options granted before terminationforfeitures and included these expected forfeitures as a part of the Plans will continue underestimate of stock-based compensation expense as of the respective Plans until exercised, cancelled or expired.
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||
| Expected volatility | 74% – 84% | 73% – 90% | 70% – 85% | |||||||
| Expected dividends | Zero | Zero | Zero | |||||||
| Expected term (years) | 5.3 – 7.5 | 5.3 – 10 | 5.3 – 10 | |||||||
| Weighted average expected term (years) | 5.93 | 5.96 | 6.11 | |||||||
| Risk-free rate | 1.64% – 2.42% | 0.76% – 2.83% | 0.57% – 1.71% | |||||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock options activity underfor the Plans as ofyear ended December 31, 2014 and changes during the year then ended is presented below:2016:
Weighted | ||||||||||||
Weighted | Average | |||||||||||
Number | Average | Remaining | ||||||||||
of Shares | Exercise Price | Contractual Life | ||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2016 | 5,134 | $ | 9.05 | 5.69 | ||||||||
Granted | 1,229 | $ | 4.77 | |||||||||
Exercised | (244 | ) | $ | 5.50 | ||||||||
Cancelled | (926 | ) | $ | 6.86 | ||||||||
Expired | (306 | ) | $ | 24.88 | ||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 4,887 | $ | 7.57 | 5.81 | ||||||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2016 | 3,517 | $ | 8.46 | 4.65 | ||||||||
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016 | 4,668 | $ | 7.67 | 5.66 | ||||||||
| Options | Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Yr.) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2014 | 5,249 | $ | 10.94 | ||||||||||||
| Granted | 993 | 4.66 | |||||||||||||
| Exercised | (77 | ) | 5.54 | ||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (324 | ) | 6.00 | ||||||||||||
| Expired | (423 | ) | 13.52 | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2014 | 5,418 | 9.96 | 5.79 | $ | 6,856 | ||||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2014 | 4,115 | $ | 11.40 | 4.89 | $ | 3,798 | |||||||||
The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted under the Plans during 2016, 2015, and 2014 2013was $3.24, $5.02, and 2012 was $3.41 $3.74 and $6.38,per share, respectively.
The total intrinsic value (the excess of the market price over the exercise price) was approximately $12.1 million for stock options outstanding, $7.5 million for stock options exercisable, and $11.4 million for stock options vested and expected to vest, as of December 31, 2016. The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised during 2016, 2015, and 2014 2013was $476 thousand, $465 thousand, and 2012 was $102 $11 and $174,thousand, respectively.
We typically do not expect to realize any tax benefits from our stock option activity or the Plans, described above, include non-qualified stock options granted to our former CEO on July 3, 2006. For the 2006 award, the requisite service period is the shortestrecognition of the explicit or implied service periods and the explicit service period for this award is nine years and 11 months from the grant date.
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| Recognized as: | |||||||||||
| Research and Development | $ | 1,843 | $ | 2,012 | $ | 4,060 | |||||
| General and Administrative | 1,680 | 1,534 | 2,476 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,523 | $ | 3,546 | $ | 6,536 | |||||
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
We account for stock-based awards issued to employees in accordance with the periods presented.
We estimated the fair value of the stock options undergranted on the 1996 and 2005 Plans. Those costs are expected to be recognized overdate of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model that used the weighted average assumptions noted in the following table. The risk-free interest rate assumption we use is based upon U.S. Treasury interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The expected life (estimated period of 2 years. Cash received from exercises under all share-based payment arrangementstime that we expect employees, directors, and consultants to hold their stock options) was estimated based on historical rates for 2014three group classifications, (i) employees, (ii) outside directors and officers, and (iii) consultants. Expected volatility was $0.4 million. We issue new sharesbased on historical volatility of our stock price for a period equal to the stock option's expected life and calculated on a daily basis. The expected dividend rate is zero since we do not currently pay cash dividends on our common stock upon share option exercises.and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
The following table presents assumptions used in computing the treasury stock methodfair value of option grants during 2016, 2015, and 2014:
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate | 1.53 | % | 2.00 | % | 2.13 | % | ||||||
Expected life (in years) | 6.77 | 6.97 | 6.84 | |||||||||
Expected volatility | 74 | % | 81 | % | 82 | % | ||||||
Expected dividend yield | -- | -- | -- | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense for the calculationthree years ended December 31, 2016 was recorded in our consolidated statement of diluted EPS, amounts ofoperations as follows:
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Research and development expenses | $ | 843 | $ | 1,099 | $ | 1,843 | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | 1,614 | 1,849 | 1,680 | |||||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 2,457 | $ | 2,948 | $ | 3,523 | ||||||
At December 31, 2016, unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was approximately $2.8 million and windfall tax benefits are requiredis expected to be included in the assumed proceeds in the denominatorrecognized over a weighted average period of the diluted EPS calculation unless they are anti-dilutive. We reported net income for 2014 and included the dilutive effect of unrecognized compensation expense in the assumed proceeds in the denominator of the diluted EPS calculation. The shares to be issued upon the assumed conversion of the contingent consideration liability in 2014 and 2013 have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. We incurred net losses for 2013 and 2012 and, therefore, such amounts have not been included in the calculations for those periods since they would be anti-dilutive. As a result, basic and diluted EPS are the same for the 2013 and 2012 periods. We have made an accounting policy decision to calculate windfall tax benefits/shortfalls, for purposes of diluted EPS calculation, excluding the impact of deferred tax assets. This policy decision will apply when we have net income and windfall tax benefits/shortfalls are realizable.approximately 2.6 years.
12. Employee Savings Plan
The terms of the amended and restated Progenics Pharmaceuticals 401(k) Plan (the Amended Plan)“401(k) Plan”), among other things, allow eligible employees to participate in the Amended Plan by electing to contribute to the Amended401(k) Plan a percentage of their compensation to be set aside to pay their future retirement benefits. DuringWe matched 50% of employee contributions equal to 1% - 10% of compensation during the threetwo years ended December 31, 2014, we matched2016 and 50% of those employee contributions that are equal to 5%-8% - 8% of compensation and areduring the year ended December 31, 2014, made by eligible employees to the Amended401(k) Plan (the Matching Contribution)“Matching Contribution”). In addition, we may also make a discretionary contribution each year on behalf of all participants who are non-highly compensated employees. We made Matching Contributions of approximately $281 thousand, $327 thousand, and $276 $330 and $535thousand to the Amended401(k) Plan for 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012,2014, respectively. No discretionary contributions were made during those years.
13. Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with ASC 740 (Topic 740,Income Taxes.Taxes). Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
In 2016, we recorded an income tax provision or benefitof $1.8 million primarily due to an adjustment to our deferred tax liability for federal or state income taxes for 2014, 2013 and 2012, other than $1.0 million and $0.4 millionhigher effective tax rate, resulting from relocation of our headquarters to New York City. We recorded an income tax benefit of $133 thousand and $989 thousand in 20142015 and 2013,2014, respectively, resulting from the change in the temporary difference between carrying amounts of in-process research and development assets for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We have completed calculations through July 15, 2014,June 30, 2016, under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the results of which indicate that past ownership changes will limit annual utilization of NOLsnet operating losses (“NOLs”) in the future. Ownership changes subsequent to July 15, 2014,June 30, 2016, may further limit the future utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards as defined by the federalFederal and state tax codes.
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 5,770 | $ | 6,165 | ||||
| R&E tax credit carry-forwards | 5,270 | 5,025 | ||||||
| NYS investment tax credit carry-forwards | 1,090 | 1,095 | ||||||
| AMT credit carry-forwards | 211 | 211 | ||||||
| Net operating loss carry-forwards | 204,974 | 190,263 | ||||||
| Capitalized research and development expenditures | 20,280 | 25,231 | ||||||
| Stock compensation | 13,848 | 13,826 | ||||||
| Other items | - | 1,097 | ||||||
| Total gross deferred tax assets | 251,443 | 242,913 | ||||||
| Less: Valuation allowance | (251,443 | ) | (242,913 | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax assets | - | - | ||||||
| Deferred tax liability – long term | (11,332 | ) | (12,321 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax liability | $ | (11,332 | ) | $ | (12,321 | ) | ||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
The components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes during 2016, 2015, and 2014 consisted of the following:
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Current taxes: | ||||||||||||
United States | $ | 11 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Foreign | - | - | - | |||||||||
State | 22 | - | - | |||||||||
Total current taxes | $ | 33 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Deferred taxes: | ||||||||||||
United States | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Foreign | - | - | - | |||||||||
State | 1,811 | (133 | ) | (989 | ) | |||||||
Total deferred taxes | $ | 1,811 | $ | (133 | ) | $ | (989 | ) | ||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | 1,844 | $ | (133 | ) | $ | (989 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, consisted of the following:
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 788 | $ | 2,215 | ||||
Research & Experimental and Orphan Drug tax credit carry-forwards | 27,361 | 19,284 | ||||||
NYS investment tax credit carry-forwards | 933 | 1,087 | ||||||
AMT credit carry-forwards | 221 | 211 | ||||||
Net operation loss carry-forwards | 227,171 | 226,639 | ||||||
Capitalized research and development expenditures | 11,915 | 15,149 | ||||||
Stock compensation | 12,343 | 12,250 | ||||||
Other items | 4,513 | 2,562 | ||||||
Total gross deferred tax assets | 285,245 | 279,397 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance | (285,245 | ) | (279,397 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax assets | - | - | ||||||
Deferred tax liability | (13,010 | ) | (11,199 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (13,010 | ) | $ | (11,199 | ) | ||
We do not recognizemaintain a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets considering our history of taxable losses and the uncertainty regarding our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize these deferred tax assets. For 2014, 20132015 and 2012,2014, we incurred net losses for tax purposes. We recognized a full tax valuation against deferred tax assets at December 31, 20142016 and 2013.2015. In 20142016 and 20132015, we recognized deferred income tax liabilities of $11,332$13.0 million and $12,321,$11.2 million, respectively, to reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of in process research and development assets for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
The following is a reconciliation of income taxes computed at the Federal statutory income tax rate to the actual effective income tax provision during 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012:2014:
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
U.S. Federal statutory rate | 34.0 | % | 34.0 | % | 34.0 | % | ||||||
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit | 10.8 | % | 4.8 | % | 8.0 | % | ||||||
Foreign rate differential | 2.6 | % | (0.1 | %) | 0.0 | % | ||||||
Research and experimental and Orphan Drug tax credit | (63.0 | %) | 1.7 | % | (16.0 | %) | ||||||
Effect of federal and state tax rate changes | (43.0 | %) | (4.8 | %) | 1.6 | % | ||||||
Permanent differences | 0.1 | % | (1.4 | %) | 15.1 | % | ||||||
Stock option shortfalls | 22.3 | % | (6.1 | %) | 38.1 | % | ||||||
Change in valuation allowance | 50.9 | % | (27.8 | %) | (109.6 | %) | ||||||
Income tax expense/benefit | 14.7 | % | 0.3 | % | (28.8 | %) | ||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||
| U.S. Federal statutory rate | 34.0% | (34.0)% | (35.0)% | |||||||||
| State income taxes, net of Federal benefit | 13.2 | (4.9) | (5.4) | |||||||||
| Research and experimental tax credit | (15.8) | (3.8) | - | |||||||||
| Effect of federal and state tax rate changes | 1.5 | 8.7 | - | |||||||||
| Permanent differences | 47.9 | 3.2 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | (109.6) | 30.0 | 36.2 | |||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) | (28.8)% | (0.8)% | 0.0% | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2014,2016, we had available, for tax return purposes, unused federalFederal NOLs of approximately $557.2$599.7 million, which will expire in various years from 2018 to 2034, $18.22035, $18.7 million of which were generated from deductions post January 1, 2006 that, when realized, will reduce taxes payable and will increase paid-in-capital and are not reflected in our deferred tax assets above. Additionally, $11.2 million of the valuation allowance relates to NOLs attributable to excess tax deductions for equity compensation pre January 1, 2006. When realized this will also be reflected as an increase to paid-in-capital. Also, we had available, for tax return purposes, unused state NOLs of approximately $475.6$554.0 million, which will expire in various years from 20182030 to 2034.2035.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
We have reviewed our nexus in various tax jurisdictions and our tax positions related to all open tax years for events that could change the status of our tax liability under ASC 740, Income Taxes liability, if any, or require an additional liability to be recorded. We have not, as of yet, conducted a study of our research and developmentexperimental (“R&E”) credit carry-forwards. Such a study might result in an adjustment to our research and developmentR&E credit carry-forwards, but until a study is completed and any adjustment is known, no amounts are being presented as an uncertain tax position under ASC 740-10 except for uncertain tax positions acquired in connection with the Molecular Insight acquisition. A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company's research and developmentour R&E credits and, if an adjustment is required, this adjustment would be offset by an adjustment to the valuation allowance. Thus, there would be no impact to the statements of operations and comprehensive loss if an adjustment was required.
As of December 31, 2014,2016, we are subject to federalFederal, foreign, and state income tax in the U.S.tax. Open tax years relate to years in which unused net operating losses were generated or, if used, for which the statute of limitation for examination by taxing authorities has not expired. Our open tax years extend back to 1997. No amounts of interest or penalties were recognized in our Consolidated Statementsconsolidated statements of Operationsoperations or Consolidated Balance Sheetsconsolidated balance sheets as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 20132016, 2015, and 2012.
Our research and experimental (R&E)R&E tax credit carry-forwards of approximately $5.3$28 million at December 31, 20142016 expire in various years from 2018 to 2034.
As of December 31, 20142016 and 2013,2015, we have not recognized any liability for uncertain tax positions, because of our full valuation allowance. We will recognize interest and penalties related to these positions, should such costs be assessed. The recognition of unrecognized tax benefits would not affect our effective tax rate because the tax benefit would be offset by an increase in our valuation allowance.
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 20142016 and 2013.2015.
2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Beginning uncertain tax benefits | $ | 2,661 | $ | 2,661 | ||||
Current year - increases | - | - | ||||||
Current year - decreases | - | - | ||||||
Settlements | - | - | ||||||
Expired statuses | - | - | ||||||
Ending uncertain tax benefits | $ | 2,661 | $ | 2,661 | ||||
| 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Beginning uncertain tax benefits | $ | 2,661 | $ | 2,661 | |||
| Current year - increases | - | - | |||||
| Current year - decreases | - | - | |||||
| Settlements | - | - | |||||
| Expired statuses | - | - | |||||
| Ending uncertain tax benefits | $ | 2,661 | $ | 2,661 | |||
14. Net Income(Loss) Per Share
Our basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Progenics amounts have been computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Progenics by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For 2016 and 2014, we reported net income, and the computation of diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted-average number of our common shares and dilutive effect determinedof stock options (determined using the treasury stock method, of potential common shares outstanding including amount of unrecognized compensation expense. In periods where shares to be issued upon the assumed conversion of the contingent consideration liability have an anti-dilutive effect on the calculation of diluted earnings per share, these shares are excluded from the calculation.method). For 2013 and 2012,2015 we reported net losses and, therefore,accordingly, potential common shares were not included since such inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. As of December 31, 2012 our 28 shares of unvested restricted stock with non-forfeitable rights to dividends were outstanding; all such shares were vested at the end of December 31, 2013. The allocation of 2012 net losses to these participating securities pursuant to the two-class method is not material to botha result, basic and diluted earnings per share. The calculationsEPS are the same for the 2015.
In applying the treasury stock method for the calculation of diluted EPS, amounts of unrecognized compensation expense and windfall tax benefits are required to be included in the assumed proceeds in the denominator of the diluted EPS calculation unless they are anti-dilutive. We have made an accounting policy decision to calculate windfall tax benefits/shortfalls, for purposes of diluted EPS calculation, excluding the impact of deferred tax assets. This policy decision will apply when we have net loss per share, basicincome and diluted,windfall tax benefits/shortfalls are as follows:realizable.
Net Income (Loss) (Numerator) | Weighted Average Common Shares (Denominator) | Per Share Amount | ||||||||||
| 2014: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 4,410 | 68,185 | $ | 0.06 | |||||||
| Dilutive effect of contingent consideration liability | - | - | ||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock options | - | 58 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 4,410 | 68,243 | $ | 0.06 | |||||||
| 2013: | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (42,572 | ) | 55,798 | $ | (0.76 | ) | |||||
| 2012: | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (35,431 | ) | 34,754 | $ | (1.02 | ) | |||||
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC..
NOTES TOCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIAL STATEMENTS -— continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
The calculations of net income (loss) per share, basic and 2012,diluted, are as follows:
Net income (loss) | Weighted-average | |||||||||||
attributable | shares | |||||||||||
to Progenics | outstanding | Per share | ||||||||||
(Numerator) | (Denominator) | amount | ||||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 10,806 | 70,003 | $ | 0.15 | |||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options | - | 152 | ||||||||||
Diluted | $ | 10,806 | 70,155 | $ | 0.15 | |||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (39,112 | ) | 69,716 | $ | (0.56 | ) | |||||
2014 | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 4,410 | 68,185 | $ | 0.06 | |||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options | - | 58 | ||||||||||
Diluted | $ | 4,410 | 68,243 | $ | 0.06 | |||||||
The following table summarizes anti-dilutive common shares or common shares where performance conditions have not been met, that were excluded from diluted per share amounts consistthe calculation of the following:diluted net income (loss) per share:
2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Stock options | 3,577 | 6,381 | 5,036 | |||||||||
Contingent consideration liability | 1,644 | 2,827 | 3,457 | |||||||||
Total securities excluded | 5,221 | 9,208 | 8,493 | |||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Number | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||||||||
| Options | 5,036 | $ | 10.56 | 5,969 | $ | 11.54 | 5,947 | $ | 12.32 | |||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration liability | 3,457 | 3,544 | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock | - | - | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 8,493 | 9,513 | 6,007 | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Unaudited Quarterly Results (unaudited)
Summarized quarterly financial data during 20142016 and 20132015 are as follows:
2016 Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | |||||||||||||
Revenues(1) | $ | 2,450 | $ | 8,476 | $ | 53,850 | $ | 4,653 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (12,673 | ) | $ | (5,657 | ) | $ | 36,282 | $ | (7,219 | ) | |||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (19 | ) | $ | (21 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | ||||
Net (loss) income attributable to Progenics | $ | (12,655 | ) | $ | (5,638 | ) | $ | 36,303 | $ | (7,204 | ) | |||||
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Progenics - basic | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | 0.52 | $ | (0.10 | ) | |||||
Net (loss) income per share attributable to Progenics - diluted | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | 0.52 | $ | (0.10 | ) | |||||
2015 Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | |||||||||||||
Revenues(2) | $ | 248 | $ | 1,937 | $ | 1,396 | $ | 5,095 | ||||||||
Net loss | $ | (10,254 | ) | $ | (11,697 | ) | $ | (10,014 | ) | $ | (7,154 | ) | ||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | (7 | ) | |||||||
Net loss attributable to Progenics | $ | (10,254 | ) | $ | (11,697 | ) | $ | (10,014 | ) | $ | (7,147 | ) | ||||
Net loss per share attributable to Progenics - basic | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.14 | ) | $ | (0.10 | ) | ||||
Net loss per share attributable to Progenics - diluted | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.14 | ) | $ | (0.10 | ) | ||||
(1) Revenues in the second and fourth quarters of 2016 included $5.0 million and $2.0 million license revenue from Bayer, respectively, and revenues in the third quarter of 2016 included $50.0 million milestone payment received from Valeant.
(2) Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2015 included $1.5 million milestone payment received from CytoDyn.
| 2014 Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | |||||||||||||
Revenues (losses) (1) | $ | 1,815 | $ | 1,477 | $ | 41,656 | $ | (571 | ) | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | (9,313 | ) | (11,073 | ) | 36,975 | (12,179 | ) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic | (0.15 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.53 | (0.18 | ) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted | (0.15 | ) | (0.17 | ) | 0.51 | (0.18 | ) | |||||||||
| 2013 Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 2,226 | $ | 1,801 | $ | 867 | $ | 2,968 | ||||||||
| Net loss | (11,258 | ) | (12,263 | ) | (10,500 | ) | (8,551 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss per share - basic and diluted | (0.22 | ) | (0.24 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (0.14 | ) | ||||||||
SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Year ended December 31, | Beginning Balance | Additions Charged to General and Administrative Expenses | Deductions Accounts Written Off During Period | Ending Balance | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
2016 | $ | 10 | $ | - | $ | (10 | ) | $ | - | |||||||
2015 | $ | 10 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 10 | ||||||||
2014 | $ | 7 | $ | 3 | $ | - | $ | 10 | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, | Beginning Balance | Additions Charged to General and administrative expenses | Deductions Accounts Written Off During Period | Ending Balance | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
| 2014 | $ | 7 | $ | 3 | $ | - | $ | 10 | |||||||
| 2013 | $ | - | $ | 7 | $ | - | $ | 7 | |||||||
SIGNATURESSIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. | ||
By: | /s/ MARK R. BAKER | |
Mark R. Baker (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Date: March 16, 2015
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Capacity | Date | |
/s/ PETER J. CROWLEY | Chairman | March | |
Peter J. Crowley | |||
/s/ | Chief Executive Officer and Director | March | |
Mark R. Baker | (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
/s/ | Director | March | |
Bradley Campbell | |||
/s/ | Director | March | |
Karen J. Ferrante, M.D. | |||
/s/ MICHAEL D. KISHBAUCH | Director | March 9, 2017 | |
Michael D. Kishbauch | |||
/s/ DAVID A. SCHEINBERG | Director | March 9, 2017 | |
David A. Scheinberg, M.D., Ph.D. | |||
/s/ NICOLE S. WILLIAMS | Director | March 9, 2017 | |
Nicole S. Williams | |||
/s/ PATRICK FABBIO | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | March 9, 2017 | |
Patrick Fabbio | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
EXHIBITINDEX
Exhibit | ||
Number * | Description | |
3.1(1) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant. | |
3.2(2) | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant. | |
4.1(3) | Specimen Certificate for Common Stock, $0.0013 par value per share, of the Registrant. | |
10.5(4) ‡ | Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Incentive | |
10.6.3(5) ‡ | Amended 2005 Stock Incentive Plan | |
10.6.4(6) ‡ | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement | |
10.6.5(6) ‡ | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement | |
10.7(7) ‡ | Form of Indemnification | |
10.21.1(9) | ||
Amended and Restated Agreement of Lease, dated October 28, 2009, between BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and the Registrant. | ||
10.25(10) † | ||
Option and License Agreement, dated May 8, 1985, by and between the University of Chicago and UR Labs, Inc., as amended by (i) Amendment to Option and License Agreement, dated September 17, 1987, by and between the University of Chicago and UR Labs, Inc. and (ii) Second Amendment to Option and License Agreement, dated March 3, 1989, by and among the University of Chicago, ARCH Development Corporation and UR Labs, Inc. | ||
10.26(11) | Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated April 20, 2006, between the Registrant Inc. and Cytogen Corporation. | |
10.27(11) † | Amended and Restated PSMA/PSMP License Agreement, dated April 20, 2006, by and among the Registrant, Cytogen Corporation and PSMA Development Company LLC. |
10.34(12) † | ||
Collaboration Agreement, effective June 14, 2005, by and between Seattle Genetics, Inc. and PSMA Development Company, LLC. | ||
10.37(13) † | License Agreement dated as of February 3, 2011, by and between Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the Registrant, Progenics Pharmaceuticals Nevada, Inc. and Excelsior Life Sciences Ireland Limited. | |
10.37.1(13) † | 2010 Agreement Related to | |
10.38(14) † | Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated January 16, 2013, by and between Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., its Stockholders, the Registrant, and Highland Capital Management, L.P., as Stockholders Representative. | |
10.39(14) † | License Agreement, dated September 1, 2012, by and between FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd. and Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | |
10.40(15) † | License Agreement, dated May 4, 2012, between Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the University of Zurich and the Paul Scherrer Institute. | |
10.41(16) | License Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2000, between Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and The Board of Governors of the University of Western Ontario. | |
10.43(17) | ||
Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement dated as of January 23, 2014, by and between the Registrant and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. | ||
10.45(12) † | ||
Collaboration Agreement, effective February 21, 2001, by and between Abgenix, Inc. and PSMA Development Company, LLC. | ||
10.46 (18) † | Lease, dated December 31, 2015, between Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and | |
10.47(23) † | License Agreement, dated as of 30 July, 2015 between the Registrant and The Johns Hopkins University. | |
10.48(23) | Employment Offer Letter Agreement between the Registrant and Sheldon Hirt. | |
10.49(23) | Employment Offer Letter Agreement between the Registrant and Patrick Fabbio. | |
10.50(19) | Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2016, between PSMA Development Company LLCand Bayer AS. | |
10.51(20) | Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2016, between Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., BMR-Landmark at Eastview LLC and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | |
10.52(21) | Loan Agreement, dated as of November 4, 2016, between Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. through its wholly-owned subsidiary MNTX Royalties Sub LLC, and Healthcare Royalty Partners. | |
10.53(22) | Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated January 6, 2017, between Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. | |
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant. |
23.1 | ||
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP. | ||
31.1 | Certification of Mark R. Baker, Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. | |
31.2 | Certification of |
32.1 | Certification of Mark R. Baker, Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2 | Certification of | |
101 | Interactive Data File | |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase | |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase | |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase | |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document |
* | Exhibits footnoted as previously filed have been filed as an exhibit to the document of the Registrant or other registrant referenced in the footnote below, and are incorporated by reference herein. | |
(1) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2013. | |
(2) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on | |
(3) | Previously filed in Registration Statement on Form S-1, Commission File No. 333-13627. | |
(4) | Previously filed in Registration Statement on Form S-8, Commission File No. 333-120508. | |
(5) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2014. | |
(6) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 8, 2008. | |
(7) | Previously filed in Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007. | |
(9) | ||
Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 28, 2012. | ||
(10) | Previously filed in Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. | |
(11) | Previously filed in Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006 | |
(12) | ||
Previously filed in Amendment No. 2 to Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2009. | ||
(13) | Previously filed in Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011. | |
(14) | Previously filed in Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. | |
(15) | Previously filed in Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. | |
(16) | Previously filed in Registration Statement on Form S-1, Commission File No. 333-129570 filed by Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | |
(17) | Previously filed in Registration Statement on Form S-3, Commission File No. 333-193521. | |
(18) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 5, 2016. | |
(19) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2016. | |
| (20) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2016. | |
(21) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2016. | |
| (22) | Previously filed in Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2017. | |
| (23) | Previously filed in | |
† | ||
Confidential treatment granted as to certain portions omitted and filed separately with the Commission. | ||
‡ | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | |
E-2