UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FormForm 10-K
 
(Mark One)
x☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182021
or
o☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to .


Commission File Number 0-27084
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware75-2275152
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
851 West Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309
Fort Lauderdale
Florida33309
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code:
(954) 267-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.001 Par ValueThe Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(Title of each class)classTrading symbol(s)(Name of each exchange on which registered)registered
Common Stock, par value $.001 per shareCTXSThe NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x   No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  x  No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging“emerging growth company"company” in
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
x☒
 Large accelerated filer☐
o Accelerated filer
o☐
 Non-accelerated filer☐
oSmaller reporting company
o
☐ Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o☐   No x☒
The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant computed by reference to the price of the registrant’s Common Stock as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (based on the last reported sale price on The Nasdaq Global Select Market as of such date) was $13,765,749,900.$14,547,658,160. As of February 8, 20197, 2022, there were 131,725,833125,548,909 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.001 par value per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file aPortions of the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuantwith respect to Regulation 14A within 120 daysany 2022 annual meeting of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Portions of such definitive proxy statementshareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



1

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I:
Part I:
Item 1
35
Item 1A.
1214
Item 1B.
2734
Item 2
2735
Item 3
2735
Item 4
2735
Part II:
Item 5
2836
Item 6
2936
Item 7
3036
Item 7A.
4853
Item 8
4854
Item 9
4954
Item 9A.
4954
Item 9B.
5156
Part III:Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections
56
Part III:
Item 10
5156
Item 11
5156
Item 12
5156
Item 13
5156
Item 14
5156
Part IV:
Item 15
5257
Item 16
5761


PART I
This
2

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, information provided by us or statements made by our employees contain “forward-looking” information that involves risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K containsfor the year ended December 31, 2021, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, that are not historical facts, including, but not limited to, statements concerning our pending acquisition by affiliates of Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp., our strategy and operational and growth initiatives, our expansion of cloud-based solutions (as opposed to traditional on-premise delivery of our products) and our efforts to transition our customers from on-premise to the cloud, including the pace of the transition, our transition to a subscription-based business model, changes in our product and service offerings and features, financial information and results of operations for future periods, revenue trends, the impacts of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and related market and economic conditions on our business, results of operations and financial condition, expectations regarding remote work, customer demand, seasonal factors or ordering patterns, stock-based compensation, international operations, investment transactions and valuations of investments and derivative instruments, restructuring charges, reinvestment or repatriation of foreign earnings, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, tax estimates and other tax matters, liquidity, our debt, changes in accounting rules or guidance, acquisitions (including our acquisition of Wrike, Inc.), litigation matters, and the security of our network, products and services, constitute forward-looking statements withinand are made under the meaningsafe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. ActualThese statements are neither promises nor guarantees. Readers are directed to the risks and uncertainties identified below under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report for additional detail regarding factors that may cause actual results could differ materially fromto be different than those set forthexpressed in theour forward-looking statements. CertainSuch factors, that mightamong others, could cause such actual results to differ materially from those set forthcontained in these forward-looking statements are includedmade in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or presented elsewhere by our management from time to time. Such factors, among others, could have a material adverse effect upon our business, results of operations and financial condition. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which only speak as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made.

References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “Citrix,” the “Company”, “we,” “our” or “us” refer to Citrix Systems, Inc., including as the context requires, its direct and indirect subsidiaries.
SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS
The following is a summary of the principal risks described below in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” beginningin this Annual Report on page 12.Form 10-K. We believe that the risks described in the “Risk Factors” section are material to investors, but other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also adversely affect us. The following summary should not be considered an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing us, and it should be read in conjunction with the “Risk Factors” section and the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks Related to the Pending Acquisition by Affiliates of Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp.
•The pendency of the acquisition of our company by affiliates of Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp. or our failure to complete such transaction could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and the price of our common stock.
•During the pendency of the transaction, we are subject to restrictions on our business activities.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
•The expansion of cloud-based solutions (as opposed to traditional on-premise delivery of our products) and our efforts to transition our customers from on-premise to the cloud, including the pace of the transition, has and will introduce a number of risks and uncertainties unique to such a shift in delivery.
•Our multi-year transition from a perpetual licenses to a subscription-based business model is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•A significant portion of our revenues historically has come from our Application Virtualization and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, or VDI, solutions and our App Delivery and Security products, and decreases in sales for these solutions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
3

•If our Workspace strategy is not successful in addressing our customers’ evolving needs beyond traditional Application Virtualization and VDI solutions or we face substantial technological or implementation challenges with our Workspace offerings, we may be unable to expand our user base.
•We face intense competition, which could result in customer loss, fewer customer orders and reduced revenues and margins.
•Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our products and services or cyberattacks on our services infrastructure or corporate networks could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•Our business could be adversely impacted by conditions affecting the information technology market in which we operate, including the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased regulation of privacy and data security and adverse changes in global economic conditions.
•Our solutions could contain errors that could delay the release of new products or otherwise adversely impact our products and services.
•Certain of our offerings have long and/or unpredictable sales cycles, which could cause significant variability and unpredictability in our revenue and operating results for any particular period, and changes to our licensing or subscription renewal programs, or bundling of our solutions, could negatively impact the timing of our recognition of revenue.
•Sales and renewals of our support solutions constitute a large portion of our deferred revenue.
•We rely on indirect distribution channels and major distributors that we do not control.
•Our App Delivery and Security business could suffer if there are any interruptions or delays in the supply of hardware or hardware components from our third-party sources.
•In order to be successful, we must attract, engage, retain and integrate key employees and have adequate succession plans in place. The reorganization of our sales leadership, customer-facing organization and sales processes to better align with our business strategy may be disruptive to our operations, will require increasing the number of direct quota carrying sales personnel, and may not yield the short or long-term benefits that we expect.
•Our international presence subjects us to additional risks that could harm our business, including our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
•We cannot guarantee that our previously-announced restructuring program will achieve its intended result.
•If our customers choose on-premise subscription licenses with short-term durations, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Acquisitions, Strategic Relationships and Divestitures
•Acquisitions and divestitures, including our 2021 acquisition of Wrike, present many risks, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals we anticipate.
•If we determine that any of our goodwill or intangible assets, including technology purchased in acquisitions, are impaired, we would be required to take a charge to earnings.
•Our inability to maintain or develop our strategic and technology relationships could adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Brand Recognition
•Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may not be successful, and our business depends on maintaining and protecting the strength of our collection of brands.
•Our solutions and services, including solutions obtained through acquisitions, could infringe third-party intellectual property rights, which could result in material litigation costs.
•Our use of “open source” software could negatively impact our ability to sell our solutions and subject us to possible litigation.
4

•If we lose access to third-party licenses, releases of our solutions could be delayed.
Risks Related to our Liquidity, Taxation and Capital Return
•Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash. We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to make payments on our debt or repurchase our outstanding notes upon certain events.
•Our portfolios of liquid securities and other investments may lose value or become impaired.
•Changes in our tax rates or our exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our operating results and financial condition.
General Risks
•We are involved in litigation, investigations and regulatory inquiries and proceedings.
•Our stock price could be volatile, and you could lose the value of your investment.
•Changes or modifications in financial accounting standards may have a material adverse impact on our reported results of operations or financial condition.
•Natural disasters, climate-related impacts, or other unanticipated catastrophes may negatively impact our operations.
This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements described above.


5

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Business Overview
What We Do
Citrix Systems, Inc.,is an enterprise software company focused on helping organizations deliver a consistent and secure work experience no matter where work needs to get done — in the office, at home, or in the field. We do this by delivering a digital workspace solution that provides unified, reliable and secure access to all work resources (apps, content, etc.) and simplifies work execution and collaboration across every work channel, device, and location. Our Workspace solutions are complemented by our general work solutions, such as content collaboration and collaborative work management solutions, and our App Delivery and Security solutions, which deliver the applications and data employees need across any network with security, reliability and speed.
Citrix believes that work is not a place —work is about business outcomes. We have helped organizations with digital transformation for many years. The challenges and complexities created by the Company,proliferation of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)-based applications and the emergence of hybrid multi-cloud infrastructure environments are now combined with the realities brought upon by the global COVID-19 pandemic—realities such as long-term remote and flexible work models and an increased need for risk mitigation and business continuity.
As a result, we believe organizations are accelerating their cloud and IT modernization plans to better position themselves to address these new challenges and embrace the opportunity that may arise from empowering secure, distributed, and more productive work for their teams. To do this, organizations may rely on Citrix solutions for business agility, employee productivity, security and compliance, as well as cost and efficiency. Citrix solutions are focused on employee empowerment and are designed to provide end-users with the simplicity of a common user experience while ensuring information technology, or us, is aIT, administrators are able to deliver applications and data with the security and controls necessary to protect the enterprise and its customers.
Our Business Transformation
Citrix's business continues to evolve in the following ways:
•Perpetual to Subscription: Our business model has shifted away from selling perpetual licenses towards subscription, or recurring contracts in the form of SaaS, on-premise term, and consumption-based agreements; and
•On-Premise to Cloud: As the share of applications and data continues to move rapidly from on-premise data centers to the cloud, our product development and engineering resources have increasingly focused on delivering cloud-based solutions.
Citrix was incorporated in Delaware corporation incorporated on April 17, 1989.
Citrix aims to power a better way to work by delivering the experience, security,Agreement and choice people and organizations need to unlock innovation, engage customers, and be productive - anytime, anywhere. It is our vision to deliver a general purpose digital workspace that empowers all users with unified, secure, and reliable access to all apps and content needed to be productive - anytime, anywhere. We help customers reimagine the futurePlan of work by delivering unified digital workspace, networking, and analytics solutions that improve employee experience and productivity, while also simplifying IT’s ability to adopt and manage complex cloud environments.Merger
Digital transformation is occurring in every industry at a rapid pace. Businesses today are adopting cloud services and software as a service, or SaaS, apps on a broad basis. Many businesses are juggling multiple cloud providers and dozens of new SaaS apps. Yet, we believe many organizations will still be managing legacy infrastructure and on-premises workloads for many years to come. This combination of increased complexity with mobility and new workstyles results in a fragmented user experience, an increase in security risks, and IT teams challenged to properly manage the technology needs of organizations.
As a result of this convergence of cloud, legacy systems, and newer technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, organizations are now seeking to adopt multi-cloud, hybrid-cloud strategies for their IT infrastructure, so that they can provide flexibility to navigate all systems and security to address ever-expanding attack surfaces, all without sacrificing experience for their end users.
As we continue on our journey of cloud transformation as an organization, we are focused on three strategic priorities. First, we are accelerating our move to a subscription-based business model and to offer all of our solutions as cloud services to give organizations flexibility in how they work. Second, we are continuing to unify our portfolio to simplify user and IT experience. Finally, to help meet the expected demands of the future, we are expanding our opportunities with adjacent technologies to help extend value to our customers and meet their needs in the future. In 2018, Citrix made acquisitions in two such areas, acquiring Cedexis for Intelligent Traffic Management to boost the capabilities of our networking solutions, and Sapho to expand Intelligent Workflow capabilities into the Citrix Workspace solutions.
In 2018, we retired all of our point product brand names to simplify our positioning and product naming to make our solutions easier to understand, sell and buy. Citrix simplified its solutions naming to three categories: Digital Workspace, Networking, and Analytics. We moved all products to a functional descriptor naming mechanism, such as Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, Citrix ADC, Citrix SD-WAN, Citrix Endpoint Management, etc. We market and license our solutions through multiple channels worldwide, including selling through resellers and direct over the Web. Our partner community comprises thousands of value-added resellers, or VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, systems integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs.
Separation of GoTo Business
On January 31, 2017,2022, we completedentered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the separationMerger Agreement, with Picard Parent, Inc., or Parent, Picard Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent, or Merger Sub, and, subsequent mergerfor certain limited purposes detailed in the Merger Agreement, TIBCO Software, Inc., or TIBCO, pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into Citrix, with Citrix as the surviving corporation (we refer to this transaction as the Merger).Parent and Merger Sub were formed by TIBCO, an indirect subsidiary of an affiliate of Vista Equity Partners, or Vista, a leading global investment firm focused exclusively on enterprise software, data and technology-enabled businesses.Vista is partnering with Evergreen Coast Capital Corp., an affiliate of Elliott Investment Management L.P. that focuses on making investments exclusively in technology and technology-enabled services businesses, to acquire Citrix in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $16.5 billion, including the assumption of Citrix debt. Under the terms of the GoTo familyMerger Agreement, upon the closing of service offerings of our wholly-owned subsidiary, GetGo, Inc., or GetGo, to LogMeIn, Inc., or LogMeIn, pursuant to a pro rata distribution tothe Merger, our stockholders of 100%will receive $104.00 in cash per share. The Merger is expected to close mid-year 2022, subject to customary closing conditions, including approval of the Merger Agreement by our stockholders and receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon completion of the Merger, our shares of common stock of GetGo, pursuant towill no longer trade on the Nasdaq, and Citrix will become a Reverse Morris Trust, or RMT, transaction. The GoTo family of service offerings consisted of GoToMeeting, GoToWebinar, GoToTraining, GoToMyPC, GoToAssist, Grasshopper and OpenVoice, or collectively the GoTo Business, and had historically been part of our GoTo Business segment. As a result, the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and related financial information reflect the GoTo Business operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows as discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.private company.

6

Solutions and Services
We are enabling the future of work by deliveringoffer digital workspace networking, and analytics solutions that help customers drive innovation and be productive anytime, anywhere. Our unified, contextual and secure digital workspace enables customers to deliver and manage the apps, desktops, data and devices users need. The Citrix networking portfolio, when implemented with digital workspace, ensures consistency of user experience, enables agile delivery of new and merging application types, and facilitates reliability and performance from any resource location.
Our customers can realize the full benefits of hybrid and multi-cloud environments while simplifying management and overcoming security challenges. Our solutions and services target customersthat enable companies to deliver hybrid work by providing consistent, secure and reliable access to the systems and information employees need to do their best work, no matter where work needs to get done — in the office, at home, or in the field. Our offerings empower organizations to accelerate business performance by harnessing technology to enhance employee engagement, boost productivity, and drive innovation.
Workspace
The Citrix Workspace platform supports today’s remote and hybrid work environment with a broad range of features and functionalities that tie together the myriad of applications that reside within enterprises. Citrix Workspace provides secure access to employees, helps minimize distractions and improve focus, enabling them to do their best work, elevating employee productivity and employee engagement, and improving an enterprise’s security profile. Citrix Workspace delivers a unified, secure and intelligent workspace with single sign-on access to all sizes, from small businessesthe applications and content employees use in one unified platform. Citrix Workspace enables IT administrators to large global enterprises.proactively manage security threats in complex, distributed, hybrid, multi-cloud and multi-device environments, and it empowers IT administrators to deliver applications to end users more securely than operating them natively. Intelligent analytics and user behavior insights are derived to enable enhanced security, management, orchestration, and automation of workspaces and application delivery.
Our secure digital workspace technologies are available as cloud servicesCitrix Workspace comes with ready integrations with widely-used business applications, including Salesforce, Workday, SAP Ariba and SAP Concur, ServiceNow, Microsoft Outlook and Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) and is compatible with identity and access management providers, including Okta, Ping, Radius, and GoogleID. Citrix Workspace can be managed asdelivered in public cloud infrastructure, on-premise, running in a customers’ datacenter, or in hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Our cloud-based services, or Citrix Cloud Services, enable our customers to provide a flexible way to manage their applications and data. This cloud-based approach is designed to provide reduced infrastructure, centralized control and SaaS-style updates resulting in lower administration cost and complexity. These cloud services are available as an integrated service or as individual services scaled to meet our customers’ business needs.
We offer subscription-based and on-premise subscription software and perpetual licensesdeployment models. Pricing for our solutions, along with annual subscriptions for software updates and technical support. Perpetual licenses allow our customers to use the version of software initially purchased into perpetuity, while subscription licenses are limited to a specified period of time. Customer Success Services, which include software maintenance subscriptions, give customers the right to upgrade to new software versions if and when any updates are delivered during the subscription term. Perpetual license software comes primarily in electronic-based forms. We also offer on-premise subscription licenses to service providers through the Citrix Service Provider program, which are invoiced on a monthly basisWorkspace platform is tiered based on reported license usage. Our services delivered via the cloud are accessed overlevel of functionalities provided.
Capabilities offered as part of the Internet for usage duringplatform include:
•Citrix Workspace - delivers an intelligent experience that customizes and streamlines user workflows by enabling organizations to organize, guide and automate work, tasks and functions, and allows end users to perform actions across various applications directly within the subscription period. Our hardware appliances come pre-loaded with software for which customers can purchase perpetual licensesCitrix Workspace.
•Citrix Virtual Apps and annual support and maintenance.
Digital Workspace (formerly Workspace Services)
Application Virtualization and VDI
Our Application Virtualization and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, or VDI, solutions giveDesktops - gives employees the freedom to work from anywhere on any device while cutting IT costs and securely delivering Windows, Linux, Web and SaaS apps, plusand full virtual desktopsdesktops. Services are available as a turnkey desktop-as-a-service solution running on a range of public cloud platforms including Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform (“GCP”) to any device.a host of other deployment options, including hybrid, or on-premise.
•Citrix Analytics for Security - continuously assesses the behavior of Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops (formerly XenDesktop) is a fully-integrated, cloud-enabled appusers and desktop virtualization solution that gives customers the flexibilityCitrix Workspace users and applies actions to remotely deliverprotect sensitive corporate information. The aggregation and correlation of data across networks, virtualized applications and desktops, and applicationscontent collaboration tools enables the generation of valuable insights and more focused actions to address user security threats.
•Citrix Analytics for Performance - from any cloud, on-premises datacenters or both. Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops include HDX technologiesuses machine learning to give users a high-definition experience - even when using multimedia, real-time voice and video collaboration, USB devices and 3D graphics content - while consuming less bandwidth than competing solutions. Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops is available in multiple editions designed for different requirements, from simple VDI-only deployments to sophisticated, enterprise-class desktop and application delivery services that can meet the needs of everything from basic call center environments to high-powered graphics workstations. With Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops Advanced and Premium editions - as well as the cloud service - customers also receive Citrix Virtual Apps to manage and mobilize Windows applications.
Citrix Virtual Apps (formerly XenApp) is a widely deployed solution that enables Windows and Linux applications to be remotely delivered to Macs, PCs, thin clients and Android/iOS mobile devices from any cloud, on-premises datacenter or both. Citrix Virtual Apps enable people to work better by running applications in the security of the data center or cloud, and using Citrix HDX technologies to deliver a superiorquantify user experience, providing end-to-end visibility and enabling capacity planning and proactive response to any device, anywhere. Keeping business applications under the centralized control of IT administrators enhances security and reduces the costs of managing applications on every PC. Exclusively available as a cloud service, on-premises or hybrid solution, it allows customers to choose the deployment option that best aligns with their enterprise cloud strategy. In partnership with Microsoft, Citrix Virtual Apps is designed to embrace and extend Microsoft Remote Desktop technology by providing advanced provisioning, performance monitoring and management functionality. Our joint solution with Microsoft lowers the cost of delivering and maintaining Windows applications for all users in the enterprise.
degradation.

Citrix Endpoint Management (formerly Enterprise Mobility Management)
Increasingly, for many employees, mobile devices are their workspaces. Our Citrix Endpoint Management (formerly XenMobile) solutions are designed to increase productivity and security with mobile device management, or MDM, mobile application management, or MAM, mobile content management, or MCM, secure network gateway, secure email, and enterprise-grade mobile apps in one comprehensive solution.
Citrix Endpoint Management provides unified endpoint management for a secure digital workspace allowing IT to meet mobile device security and compliance requirements for "bring your own device" programs and corporate devices while enabling user productivity. As part of a workspace, Citrix Endpoint Management centralizes the management of mobile devices, traditional desktops, laptops and Internet of Things, or IoT, through a single platform. Citrix Endpoint Management directly integrates with Microsoft EMS/Intune to extend mobility and device management capabilities.
Content Collaboration
Our Content Collaboration offering meets the collaboration and mobility needs of users, with scalable data security requirements for small business to the enterprise.
•Citrix Content Collaboration (formerly ShareFile) is- provides a secure, cloud-based file sharing, digital transaction and storage solution built for mobile business, givingto give users enterprise-class data services across all corporate and personal mobile devices, while maintaining total IT control. devices.
•Citrix Content CollaborationSecure Workspace Access - provides an end-to-end solution to implement Zero Trust principles (i.e., required verification of all users whether inside or outside of a network), avoiding the gaps left from relying on assorted point solutions. It reduces the attack surface by protecting the user and the apps inside the workspace, where work actually gets done.
•Citrix Secure Internet Access - provides a solution that protects data throughout the storagedirect internet access for branch and transfer process,remote workers using upunsanctioned apps.
•Collaborative Work Management - removes workplace complexities by providing a single source of truth for people, teams, and organizations to 256-bit encryptioncollaborate and SSL or Transport Layer Security, or TLS, encryption protocolsperform at their best. It is an intelligent and versatile work management platform that can be easily configured for transfer and 256-bit encryption for files at rest on ShareFile servers. Password protection and granular accessany use case to folders and files stored with Citrix Content Collaboration ensure that data remainsput teams in control of their digital workflows, enabling them to focus on the company. With Citrix Content Collaboration Enterprise, organizations can manage their data on-premises in customer managed StorageZones, select Citrix managed secure cloud options or create a mix of both to meet the needs for data sovereignty, compliance, performancemost important work, maximize potential, and costs. For businesses that use multiple storage repositories, Citrix Content Collaboration provides unified access to a wide range of cloud-based and on-premises storage repositories, making it simple and easy for employees to find and access their files and documents. Additionally, Citrix Content Collaboration supports e-signature, feedback and approval workflows that help businesses adopt the mobile, digital office.accelerate business growth.
7

App Delivery and Security

Our App Delivery and Security products, which primarily includes Citrix WorkspaceADC, optimize the performance of application delivery and experience. They enable organizations to deliver applications with security, reliability, and better user experience. Our App Delivery and Security products can be consumed via perpetual license or under pooled licensing agreements that give customers flexibility to consume in either a hardware form factor or as software, over the term of the agreement. We offer on-premise, in-cloud and SaaS deployment options.
Customer Success
We offer support and services to help our customers and business partners get more value, achieve their business outcomes, minimize risk, and keep their solutions running at peak performance which include:
•Customer Success Management (CSM) - available to all customers with a valid SaaS or subscription entitlement. The CSM team, comprised of Customer Success Managers and Customer Success Engineers, guides business and technical outcomes. Through success planning, technical and onboarding guidance, and internal advocacy, the opportunity to acquire a number of Citrix products through a single comprehensive integrated offering, Citrix Workspace, which includes our Citrix Virtual AppsCSM team helps customers accelerate their implementation and Desktops, Citrix Endpoint Management, Citrix Content Collaboration, Citrix Analytics and networking products. Citrix Workspace securely delivers the apps, desktops, branch networking and WAN, enterprise mobility management and data people need for business productivity. We offer one of the industry’s most complete and integrated digital workspaces that is streamlined for IT control and easily accessible for users.
Citrix Workspace delivers a unified user experience for any app or desktop on any device, including tablets, smartphones, PCs, Macs or thin clients. IT can securely deliver content over low-bandwidth high-latency WANs, highly variable 3G/4G mobile networks or a reliable corporate LAN to improve end-user experience while offering enterprise-grade security to data and applications. Citrix Workspace provides a unified, flexible solution that can streamline device, application and desktop deployment and lifecycle management to increase employee engagement, productivity, and reduce IT costs. Citrix Workspace offers choice of device, cloud and network and can be deployed on-premises, via the cloud or as a hosted service.
Networking
Our Networking products are available via hardware or software-based solutions and allow organizations to deliver apps and data with the security, reliability, and speed trusted by thousands of customers worldwide.
Citrix ADC (formerly NetScaler ADC) is a software-defined application delivery controller designed to meet the demands of organizations undergoing digital transformation. Citrix ADC enables the adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud application delivery with improved application performance, reliability and security at an optimized price point. Citrix ADC allows customers to obtain detailed application analytics withmaximize the value of machine learning. It also optimizes application delivery for cloud native application architectures based on the Kubernetes orchestration platform, and provides service graph analytics for efficient troubleshooting within the microservices environment. Additionally, we extend the platform with best-of-breed web application firewall, or WAF, capabilities
their Citrix solutions.

that protect web applications and sites from both known and unknown attacks, which include application-layer and zero-day threats.
Citrix SD-WAN (formerly NetScaler SD-WAN) increases the security, performance and reliability of applications delivered from the legacy data center, cloud, or SaaS, while delivering additional value for virtualized applications and desktops. The platform combines routing, security, WAN optimization, and path control to simplify implementation and maintenance of the branch network, allowing customers to adopt a hybrid WAN architecture that effectively increases WAN capacity and manageability.
Support
Citrix offers technical support to minimize business downtime for our customers. Several options are available.

•Customer Success Services are offered in support of our perpetual software and our cloud-based services. Customers are given - features a choice of tiered offerings combining technical support, product version upgrades, guidance, enablement, support and proactive monitoring to help customers and partners fully realize their business goals and maximize their Citrix investments. Additionally, customers may upgrade to receive personalized support from a dedicated team led by an assigned account manager. Fees associated with this offering are recognized ratably over the term of the contract.

•Hardware Maintenance is offered in support of our Networking products. Customers are given- features a choice of tiered offerings including technical support, software upgrades, and replacement of malfunctioning appliances. Dedicated account management is available as an add-onappliances to the program. Fees associated with this offering are recognized ratably over the term of the contract.
Professional Services

We offer a portfolio of professional services to help business partners and customers manage the quality of implementation, operation andkeep Citrix hardware running optimally. Premium support of our solutions. These services are available for additional fees, paid on an annual or transactional basis.as add-ons.

•Citrix Consulting - guides the successful design and implementation of Citrix technologies and solutions, removing the barriers to desired business outcomes. Our in-house consultants bring technical expertise with proven methodologies, tools and leading practices. Citrix Consulting focuses on strategic engagements with enterprise customers who have complex, mission-critical, or large-scale Citrix deployments. These engagements are typically fee-based engagements for the most challenging projects in terms of scopepractices to improve adoption and complexity, requiring consultants with project methodology qualifications and Citrix expertise. Citrix Consulting is also responsible for developing best practices which are disseminated to businesses, partners and end users through training and written documentation. Leveraging these best practices enables our integration resellers to provide more complex systems, reach new buyers within existing customer organizations, and provide more sophisticated system proposals to prospective customers.
enhance security.

•Product Training & Certification - enables customers and partners to be successfulattain self-sufficiency, increase productivity, maximize product capabilities, and advance their career with Citrixflexible training options to suit all learners and achieve business objectives faster. Authorized Citrix training is available as needed. Traditional or virtual instructor-led training offerings feature Citrix Certified Instructors delivering Citrix-developed courseware in a classroom or remote setting at onecertifications to validate knowledge and skills.
Customers
Our customers are businesses of our Citrix Authorized Learning Centers, or CALCs, worldwide. Self-Paced Online offerings provide technically robust course content without an instructorall sizes and include hands-on practice via virtual labs. Certifications validate key skillsthe largest enterprises and are available for administrators, engineers, architects and sales professionals.
Customers
We believe thatinstitutions in the primary IT buyers involved in decision-making related to our solutions are the following:
Strategic IT Executivesworld spanning every major industry vertical, including chief information officers, chief technology officers, chief information security officers and vice presidents of infrastructure, who have responsibility for ensuring that IT services are enablers to business initiatives and are delivered with the best performance, availability, security and cost.
Desktop Operations Managers who are responsible for managing Windows Desktop environments including corporate help desks.
IT Infrastructure Managers who are responsible for managing and delivering Windows-based applications.
Directors of Messaging and Mobility, who are, respectively, responsible for messaging technologies and defining mobile strategies and solutions for securing and managing mobile devices including their content and applications.
Network Architects who are responsible for delivering Web-based applications who have primary responsibility for the WAN infrastructure for all applications.

Server Operations Managers who are responsible for specifying datacenter systems and managing daily operations.
Small business owners who are responsible for choosing the systems needed to support their business goals, such as SaaS.
Chief technology officer and engineering department (managers and architects, among others) for telecommunications service providers.
Line of business and functional executives that determine the need for our cloud and subscription-based offerings at certain enterprises.
Chief information officer and engineering departments within service providers, using our solutions to deliver desktops and applications as hosted cloud services.
The IT buyers for our solutions include a wide variety of industries including those inhealthcare, financial services, technology, healthcare, education,manufacturing, consumer, and government and telecom.agencies. Our largest customers are often our longest tenured customers.
Technology Relationships
We have a number of technology relationships in place to accelerate the developmentdelivery of existing and future solutions and our go-to-market initiatives.secure hybrid work. These relationships include cross-licensing, OEM,original equipment manufacturer (OEM), resell, joint reference architectures, and other arrangements that result in betterintegrated solutions forthat enable our customers.customers to accelerate their IT modernization, enable secure distributed work and boost worker productivity and engagement.
Microsoft
For almostover 30 years, Citrix and Microsoft have maintained a strategic partnership spanning product development, go-to-market initiatives and partner development, enabling our mutual customers’ secure, high-performance delivery of applications, desktops and data to their employees anywhere, anytime on any device.employees. Together, Citrix and Microsoft offer solutions and services that aid and accelerate the transition from on-premiseson-premise IT infrastructure and practices to emerging hybrid-cloud and multi-cloud delivery models for the full breadth of legacy and modern applications. These solutions and services include the unique ability to deliver Windows 10 desktops hosted within the Microsoft Azure cloud platform, services to deploy apps directly on Azure, Office 365 and Microsoft Teams integrations, and smart tools to simplify the deployment of a new class of integrated workspaces that include legacy Windows apps and a growing array of popular SaaS applications.models.
In 2018, we announced a new collaboration agreement to provide customers a simplified experience by enabling them to purchase and deploy Citrix-powered digital workspaces and networking solutions directly within Microsoft Azure. We also announced a number of new services and capabilities to assist organizations in the planning and execution of their cloud migrations and accelerate adoption. We also created theTogether, Citrix and Microsoft Cloud Alliance programenable a consistent and optimal flexible work experience. These joint solutions enable customers to provide our joint partners withsimplify and speed their transition to the resources, trainingcloud and enablement needed to ensure our customers’ success.are sold through direct sales teams, the Azure Marketplace and a robust community of channel partners.
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Google
We continue to build on our five-year partnership with Google through which we bring digital workspace solutions to enterprise customers who are increasingly looking to publicCitrix and hybrid clouds to address competitive demands and solve business challenges. Our technology integrations provide cloud delivery of Citrix applications and desktops, power management and Citrix ADC with Google Cloud. In 2018, we announced a new Citrix ADC integration that allows developers to take advantage of Google Cloud Platform cloud computing capabilities alongsidehave been strategic partners for over a decade. We offer end-to-end user experience solutions for Citrix load balancingWorkspace with GCP, Chrome Enterprise, and traffic management features to manage their workloads in a simple, secure and reliable way. We also continue to optimize Citrix Endpoint Management to support Android and Chrome devices,Google Workspace, as well as Citrix Workspacecomplementary App toDelivery and Security. These solutions enable organizations to provision, manage and deliver apps on Chrome devices.
Additional Relationships
We have developed our partner ecosystem to enable infrastructure choice for our Citrix Cloud customers. For public cloud choice, we have relationships with Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, AWS and Oracle. Moreover, in the past year we announced the Citrix Workspace Appliance program to enable a hybrid cloud choice for on-premises solutions. We are also forging partnerships with SaaS providerscompanies to deliver cloudunified access control and intelligent workspaces. In August of 2018, we announced the availabilityto all of the Citrix IT Service Management Connector, an offering jointly developed with ServiceNow that reduces the time involved in applicationapps employees need and desktop provisioning, and improves the employee experience.
Delivering Secure and Cost-Effective Hybrid Cloud Solutions with Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Cisco, Lenovo and FlexxibleIT
In delivering choice, we recognize that many enterprise customers have significant investments in on-premises infrastructure that continues to serve their financial investments or have regulatory requirements that require data control and governance. Together with our infrastructure partners like Hewlett Packard Enterprise, or HPE, Cisco, Lenovo and FlexxibleIT,

we provide a simple and fast way to deploy hybrid cloud app and desktop virtualization that is scalable and secure. With Citrix Cloud Services, companies can quickly and cost-effectively create a centrally managed, enterprise-class virtualized app and desktop environment in a rack-mounted appliance and manage VDI as-a-service in the cloud with simple subscription-based pricing. Compute, network and storage are pre-integrated with a Citrix Cloud connection in an easyprefer to use hyper converged infrastructure, or HCI, appliance,on Google devices and the offering is tested and certified as Citrix Ready, which showcases verified products that are trusted to enhance Citrix solutions for mobility, virtualization, networking and cloud platforms.operating systems.
Global System Integrators
We continue to invest in ourpartnerships with Global System Integrator partnerships with organizationsIntegrators who provide solutions and services that have multiple offerings in the market withbuild on Citrix Digital Workspace and Citrix NetworkingApp Delivery and Security solutions to improve employee experience and engagement, including Capgemini, Deloitte, DXC, Fujitsu, Hewlett Packard Enterprises, IBM DXC, and Fujitsu. In addition,Wipro. These partnerships help our partners continuecustomers develop effective digital workspace strategies that enable them to expand their focus on the broad range of our solutions. deliver a consistent work experience across work channels and locations.
Citrix Ready Partner Program
We also continue to provide an easy way for our customers to locate compatible solutions and our channel partners to evaluate and deploy joint offerings through our Citrix Ready program. ActiveThe Citrix Ready Partner Program is a technology partner program that helps software and hardware vendors of all types develop and integrate their products with Citrix technology. It includes partners includinglike Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), Cisco, Google, and Microsoft and hundreds of other technology companies. Hybrid work has opened a whole new set of security concerns that companies usemust address. To help them do it, we expanded the Citrix Ready Workspace Security Program to learn aboutinclude Zero Trust solutions from trusted and integrate with Citrix technology across our products for workspace, networking,verified partners. This expansion allows companies to simplify the selection of vendors and analytics with the number of verified products available in the Citrix Ready Marketplace growing over the past year.leverage their existing investments to design a modern security framework that delivers Zero Trust outcomes.
Research and Development
Our innovation engine continues to advance, and our growth in Citrix Cloud Services has also accelerated our innovation and shortened the time to value for end-users. As of December 31, 2018, we held a worldwide portfolio of 2,725 patents and had an additional 1,126 patent applications pending.
We focus our research and development efforts focus on developing new cross-portfolio solutionsfunctionalities across our Digital Workspaces, Networking and Analytics solutions, and services, while continuing to invest in functionalpurposeful improvements to our core market technologies to expand Citrix differentiation and opportunity within each category.technologies. We solicit extensive feedback concerning product development from customers both directly from and indirectly, through our channel distributors and partners, as well as our alliance partners. We believe that our global software development teams and our core technologies represent a significant competitive advantage for us. Included in the software development teams are individuals focused on research activities that include prototyping ways to integrate emerging technologiesAs of December 31, 2021, we held a worldwide portfolio of approximately 4,000 patents and standards into our product offerings. had approximately 2,300 additional patent applications pending. We incurred research and development expenses of $440.0$581.6 million in 2018, $415.82021, $538.1 million in 20172020 and $395.4$518.9 million in 2016.2019.
Sales, Marketing and Services
We market and license our solutions through multiple channels worldwide, including selling through resellers, direct and over the Web. Our partner community comprises thousands of value-added resellers, or VARs, known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, system integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, OEMs, and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs. Distribution channels are managed by our worldwide sales and services organization. Partners receive training and certification opportunities to support our portfolio of solutions and services.
We reward our partners that identify new business, and provide sales expertise, services delivery, customer education, technical implementation and support of our portfolio of solutions through our incentive program. We continue to focus on increasing the productivity of our existing partners, while also adding new transacting partners, building capacity through targeted recruitment, and introducing programs to increase partner mindshare, limit channel conflict, and increase partner loyalty to us.
As we lead withour customers shift workloads to the cloud, we have been cultivating a global base of technology partners within our CSP program. Our CSP program provides subscription-based services in which the CSP partners host software services to their end users. Our CSP partners, consisting of managed service providers, ISVs, Citrix Solution Advisors, hosting providers and telcos, among others, license certain of our desktop, application, networking and enterprise mobility management solutionsofferings on a monthly consumption basis. With our software, these partners then create differentiated offersofferings of their own, consisting of cloud-hosted applications and cloud-hosted desktops, which they manage for various customers, ranging from SMBs to enterprise IT. Besides supplying technology, we are actively engaged in assisting these partners in developing their hosted businesses either within their respective data centers or leveraging public cloud infrastructure by supplying business and marketing assistance.
Online marketplaces, including Cloud Marketplaces and Cloud Service Brokers have become a strategic channel for customers to streamline the discovery, acquisition, deployment, and operations of services enabling them to adapt quickly to
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changing market conditions. Growth in the use of online marketplaces has been driven by the increased focus oncloud services and the increase in demand for work-at-home, business continuity, and remote access to services and data.
We are present in three key cloud marketplaces, AWS, Azure and Google, that enable customers to easily deploy licenses acquired through multiple channels, quickly acquire new services and software, and expand as their needs grow. We provide both public and private options to drive customer and partner success.
Engagement with SIs and ISVs continues to be a substantial part of our strategic roadmap within large enterprise and government markets. Our integrator partnerships include organizations such as Atos, Accenture, Avanade, Capgemini, Dimension Data, DXC, Fujitsu, IBM, Global Services, TCSWipro and Wipro,others, who all deliver consultancy or global offerings powered by the Citrix Workspace.solutions. The ISV program maintains a strong representation across targeted industry verticals including healthcare, financial services and telecommunications. Members in the ISV program include Allscripts, Cerner Corporation and Epic Systems Corporation and McKesson Corporation, among several others.Corporation. For all of our channels, we regularly take actions to improve the effectiveness of our partner programs and further strengthen our channel relationships through management of

non-performing partners, recruitment of partners with expertise in selling into new markets and forming additional strategic global and national partnerships.
Our corporate marketing organization provides an integrated global approach to sales and industry event support, digital and social marketing, sales enablement tools and collateral, advertising, direct mail, industry analyst relations and public relations coverage to market our solutions. Our efforts in marketing are focused on generating leads for our sales organization and our indirect channels to acquire net new accounts and expand our presence with existing customers.customers, as well as building general brand awareness in the market. Our partner development organization actively supports our partners to improve their commitment and capabilities with Citrix solutions. Our customer sales organization consists of field-based sales engineers and corporate sales professionals who work directly with our largest customers, and coordinate integration services provided by our partners. Additional sales personnel, working in central locations and in the field, provide support including recruitment of prospective partners and technical training with respect to our solutions.
In fiscal year 2018,2021, 2020 and 2019, one distributor the Arrow Group, accounted for 14%17%, of our total net revenues. In fiscal year 201717% and 2016, two distributors, Ingram Micro and Arrow, accounted for 13% and 12%,15% respectively, of our total net revenues. Our distributorThe Company's arrangements with Ingram Micro and Arrowthe distributor consist of several non-exclusive, independently negotiated agreements with its respective subsidiaries, each of which covers different countries or regions. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for information regarding our revenue recognition policy.
International revenues (sales outside the United States) accounted for approximately 47.0%49.7% of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018, 46.3%2021, 50.5% of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 20172020, and 46.3%48.2% of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. For detailed information on our international revenues, please refer to Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.
Segment Revenue
We operate under one reportable segment. For additional information, see Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.
Operations
For our cloud-based solutions, we primarily use a combination of co-located hosting facilities and increasingly Microsoft Azure, AWS and Amazon Web ServicesGCP, as well as other infrastructure-as-a-service providers.providers in combination with co-located hosting facilities. For our NetworkingApp Delivery and Security products, which include Citrix ADC, we use independent contractors to provide a redundant source of manufacture and assembly capabilities. Independent contractors provide us with the flexibility needed to meet our product quality and delivery requirements. We have manufacturing relationships that we enter into in the ordinary course of business, primarily with Flextronics, under which we have subcontracted the majority of our hardware manufacturing activity, generally on a purchase order basis. These third-party contract manufacturers also provide final test, warehousing and shipping services. This subcontracting activity extends from prototypes to full production and includes activities such as material procurement, final assembly, test, control, shipment to our customers and repairs. Together with our contract manufacturers, we design, specify and monitor the tests that are required to meet internal and external quality standards. Our contract manufacturers manufactureproduce our products based on forecasted demand for our solutions. Each of the contract manufacturers procures components necessary to assemble the products in our forecast and test the products according to our specifications. We are dual-sourced ondual-source our components,components; however, in some instances, those sources may be located in the same geographic area. Accordingly, if a natural disaster occurredoccurs in one of those areas, we may need to seek additional sources. Products are then shipped to our distributors, VARs or end-users. If the products go unsold for specified periods of time, we may incur carrying charges or obsolete material charges for products ordered to meet our forecast or
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customer orders. In 2018,2021, we did not experience any material difficulties or significant delays in the manufacture and assembly of our products.
We are responsible for all purchasing, inventory, scheduling, order processing and accounting functions related to our operations. For our software products, production, warehousing and shipping are performed by our independent contractors HPE, Ireland and Digital River. Master software, development of user manuals, packaging designs, initial product quality control and testing are primarily performed at our facilities. In some cases, independent contractors also duplicate master software, print documentation and package and assemble products to our specifications.
While it is generally our practice to promptly ship our products upon receipt of properly finalized orders, at any given time, we have confirmed product license orders that have not shipped and are unfulfilled. We referBacklog includes the aggregate amounts we expect to those unfulfilledrecognize as point-in-time revenue in the following quarter associated with contractually committed amounts for on-premise subscription software licenses, as well as confirmed product license orders at the end of a given period as “productthat have not shipped and license backlog.”are wholly unfulfilled. As of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the amount of

product and license backlog was not material. We do not believe that backlog, as of any particular date, is a reliable indicator of future performance.
We believe that our fourth quarter revenues and expenses are affected by a number of seasonal factors, including the lapse of many corporations' fiscal year budgets and an increase in amounts paid pursuant to our sales compensation plans due to compensation plan accelerators that are often triggered in the fourth quarter. We believe that these seasonal factors are common within our industry. Such factors historically have resulted in firstHistorically, our revenue for the fourth quarter revenues inof any year being loweris typically higher than the immediately preceding fourth quarter. We expect this trend to continue throughrevenue for the first quarter of 2019.the subsequent year. In addition, our European operations generallyusually generate lower revenues in the summer months because of the generally reduced economic activity in Europe during the summer. This seasonal factor also typically results in higher fourth quarter revenues on a sequential basis.
Competition
We sell our solutions in intensely competitive markets. Some of our competitors and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing and other resources than we do. As the markets for our solutions and services continue to develop in response to the pandemic, additional companies, including those with significant market presence in the computer appliances, software, cloud services and networkingApp Delivery and Security industries, could enterhave entered the markets in which we compete and further intensify competition. In addition,intensified competition, and will continue to do so. As a result, we believe price competition could become a more significant competitive factor in the future. As a result,future, and we may not be able to maintain our historic prices and margins, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See our “Technology Relationships” discussion above and Part I-Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.below.
Digital Workspace
Our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions are based on a proprietary technology platform, the success of which will depend on organizations and customers perceiving technological, operational and security benefits and cost savings associated with adopting desktop and application virtualization solutions. We differentiate our platform from basic virtualization solutions with robust security, higher flexibility and better end user experience to enable IT to deliver Windows and Linux apps and desktopsprimary competitors for better business outcomes. Citrix also provides a hardened browser integrated into a web/SaaS access control solution. This enables customers to tightly control how web and SaaS applications are consumed by their users and prevents information leakage. Integration between Secure Web Gateway and Secure Browser Service provides customers with a protective layer between the internet and their secure internal network. Citrix Analytics is a user behavior analytics solution focused on the digital workspace. We also differentiate ourselves from other vendors because we are the only one to offer unified management for allvarious components of the digital workspace that uniquely addresses the needs of on-premises, cloud or hybrid deployments. We also face numerous competitors that provide automation of these processes and approaches, including VMware's Horizon product and the emergence of virtual applications and desktop delivery from public and private cloud services includingdelivered through our Workspace offering include VMware, Okta, Box, Dropbox, Amazon Web Service’s product Amazon WorkSpaces. Also, there continues to be an increase in the number of alternatives to Windows-based applicationsServices, or AWS, Nutanix, Ivanti, Asana, Atlassian, Monday.com, Adobe, Smartsheet, Google Cloud and Windows operating system powered desktops, particularly in SaaS-delivered applicationsMicrosoft. We believe Citrix Workspace and mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. We believeour services, including Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, give us a competitive advantage by providing customers multiple ways to virtualizealongside our work solutions which include Collaborative Work Management and deliver desktops and/or apps with a single integrated virtualization system and delivering a higher performance user experience, more robust security and the flexibility for people to use any device and IT to use any infrastructure, public or private clouds, hyper-converged, traditional servers and storage, or combinations of each.
Our unified endpoint management solution line, Citrix Endpoint Management, competes with companies including AirWatch by VMware, MobileIron, BlackBerry and many other competitors. We believe we differentiate ourselves from these competitors by providing a complete solution, with MDM, MAM and superior core mobile productivity applications, including secure mobile email, calendar, browser, and editing along with integration with Microsoft's EMS mobility management platform and Microsoft Intune. With Citrix Endpoint Management, we also provide robust security and mobile productivity applications that have the deepest and most user friendly integration with Microsoft Office 365. Our apps feature unique workflow integrations designed to make people work better, a significant advantage over competitors that do not focus on the end user experience and either have basic applications or rely on third parties to deliver similar integrations.
We also see competition from competitors that are combining mobile and desktop technologies. We believe our solution, Citrix Workspace, is one of the best solutions available today that can securely deliver a secure digital workspace - with any Windows, Linux, Web, SaaS and native mobile applications, data and virtual desktops - to any device, anywhere. For example, VMware offers the VMware Workspace Suite and more recently introduced VMware Workspace ONE. We expect other vendors to follow suit. We offer market-leading technologies for every component of the Citrix Workspace. Furthermore, we

believe that our end-user experience is a competitive edge when compared to the alternative solutions due to the integration, intuitiveness and self-service features of our offerings.
In the content collaboration space, our Citrix Content Collaboration, solution's direct competition includes Dropbox, Box, Syncplicity, Egnyte, Inc., BlackBerry's Watchdox, Accellion,are differentiated by the completeness of the offerings, and Google,the advanced technology and integrated end-user experience, as well as legacy solutions such as traditional file transfer protocol, or FTP. Many of thesecompared to competitive offerings by others. Compared to its competitors, have strong brand recognition through consumer and free versions of their products. However, we believe the Citrix Content Collaboration offers a superior solution for businesses as itdigital work platform is built specifically for the needs of the business. Our solutions are further differentiated through ourby its ability to store data on-premisehandle even the most complex workflows in a secure, integrated, intelligent and scalable way for any individual, team, department, or in the Cloud, integration into Citrix Workspace, collaboration with external parties at no additional cost,organization.
App Delivery and the ability to create workflows, eSignatures, and custom forms. Integration into Citrix Analytics for a holistic workspace-centric user behavior analysis, and the ability to connect Citrix Content Collaboration to existing storage repositories are additional key differentiators.
NetworkingSecurity
Our Citrix ADC hardware products compete in traditional data-center-deployed application environments against other established competitors, including F5 Networks, Inc., Dell, Inc., KEMP Technologies, Inc., Fortinet Inc., Radware, A10 Networks Broadcom, Array Networks, Inc., and AVI Networks, Inc.Cisco. In addition, with newfor cloud-integrated and software centricsoftware-centric use cases, large cloud providers, such as Amazon Web ServicesAWS and Microsoft Azure, provide customers with competitive ADCapplication delivery controller solutions built into their public cloud platforms. The ADC segment also includes a number of emerging start-up and open source software-based companies, such as HA PROXY Technologies, LLC. and NGINX, Inc., which generally focus on developers rather than enterprise customers. We continue to expand our open source integrations with leading companies to enhance Citrix ADC’s feature capability and invest in go-to-market resources to market Citrix ADCour application delivery solutions to our existing customer base and new potential customers.
Our Citrix SD-WAN product competes against both traditional WAN optimization and infrastructure vendors, such as Riverbed, VMware, Cisco, Silver Peak Systems and Oracle. Additionally, WAN service providers are integrating and reselling SD-WAN products as a part of their service offering from vendors including VMware, Cisco, Riverbed and Versa Networks, Inc. We have partnered with Microsoft to provide SD-WAN capability into Azure as a part of the Azure Virtual WAN.
Technology and Intellectual Property
InnovationWe believe that innovation is a core Citrix competency. We have developed many innovations that are important enablers of our continued leadership.Our success is dependent upon our solutions, which are based on intellectual property and core proprietary and open source technologies. These technologies include innovations that optimize the end-to-end user experience, through cloud-managed workspaces and analytics, in virtual desktop and virtual application environments, and enhance networkingApp Delivery and Security capabilities andto deliver a holistic and secure content collaboration and mobile computing experience.
We have been awarded numerous domestic and foreign patents and have numerous pending patent applications in the United States and foreign countries. OurCertain of our technology is also protected under copyright laws. Additionally, we rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality and proprietary information agreements to protect our proprietary technology. We have established proprietary trademark rights in markets across the globe, and own hundreds of U.S. and foreign trademark
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registrations and pending registration applications for marks comprised of or incorporating the Citrix name. See our "Research“Research and Development"Development” discussion above and Part I-Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” below.
Our People
We believe Citrix solutions enable a better way to work and embrace the power of human difference, and we are guided by our core values of Integrity, Respect, Curiosity, Courage and Unity. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 9,700 employees, of which approximately 41% were in the United States and 59% were in our international locations. We have a broad base of diverse talent in more than 44 countries, and we believe that attracting, developing and retaining the best talent is critical to our success and achievement of our strategic objectives. Our voluntary attrition rate was approximately 17% during fiscal year 2021.
Leadership and Governance
Our Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer is responsible for developing and executing the company’s human capital strategy. This includes directing our global policies and programs for leadership and talent development, compensation, benefits, staffing and workforce planning, human resources systems, skills training and organizational development, workplace strategies, and ensuring effective and efficient internal company operations. Our Chief People Officer is also responsible for developing and integrating our diversity, equity and inclusion priorities and strategy, and we have a dedicated team of people with executive leadership participation to implement such strategies.
Our Compensation and Human Capital Committee oversees our company-wide compensation programs and practices. Our Interim Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief People Officer regularly update our Board of Directors and the Compensation and Human Capital Committee on human capital matters.
Compensation and Benefits
Our team is global, and we offer competitive and meaningful compensation and benefits programs that meet the diverse needs of our employees, while also reflecting local market practices. In addition to competitive salaries and bonuses, we offer a robust employment total rewards package that promotes employee well-being and includes retirement planning, health care, extended parental leave and paid time off.
Equity-based compensation is also a key component in attracting, retaining and motivating our employees. We grant equity-based compensation to a significant portion of our employees. We also provide the opportunity for equity ownership through our employee stock purchase plan.
Additionally, we offer benefits to support our employees’ physical and mental health by providing tools and resources to help them improve or maintain their health and encourage healthy behaviors.
Growth, Development and Engagement
At Citrix, we have a strong focus on career development and building the capabilities of our team members. We invest in our employees by offering a wide range of development opportunities that promote learning and growth, various mentoring and coaching programs, a large library of on-demand, virtual and in-person courses that support professional and technical skills development and our tuition reimbursement program. We also believe in building organizational capability through practicing a growth mindset and continuously listening to our employees in order to create desirable employee experiences. We survey our employees frequently, providing managers and teams with highly actionable data that allows us to focus on making improvements in areas that have the largest impact on engagement and team success.
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Belonging
Diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging have long been a part of our culture, and we work to continually expand our diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging initiatives. We have an employee-run committee focused on diversity, inclusion and belonging initiatives, which are supported by our executive leadership team. For example, we expanded our Daring Dialogue series to include discussions on mental health, faith in the workplace, and disability and accessibility. We also launched the Citrix Employee Relief Fund to help employees and contractors through extreme financial hardships and set Environmental, Social, and Governance goals for our executive leaders, supporting them with strategies and plans to effect change within their organizations. Our learning series, “I AM Citrix”, shares best practices, builds understanding and offers support to employees as we champion inclusiveness and belonging across the enterprise. The program helps employees deepen their understanding of the culture of inclusion at Citrix, reinforces skills and concepts to support behavior change that encourage an inclusive work environment and creates meaningful connections through open dialogue.
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Our employee resource groups (ERGs) support underrepresented groups of employees and are an important component of our diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging efforts, addressing topics like career development, mentoring, recruiting and interviewing candidates, advocacy and networking. As of December 31, 2021, we had ten ERGs with 29 chapters across nine offices in seven countries.
In 2021, we continued to advance our equity strategy with the objectives of supporting black students and businesses, modifying our people processes to promote racial equity, transparently sharing data as we progress on our journey, and personal learning about systemic racism. Some of our accomplishments included, launching two mentoring programs, implementing several career landing page websites, expanding the scope of our pay equity analysis to include stock, and growing our external sponsorships to support the recruitment and development of Black students.
COVID-19 Response
During the COVID-19 pandemic, our primary focus has been on the safety and well-being of our employees and their families. A large majority of our workforce worked remotely and successfully throughout 2021. For offices that re-opened, we leveraged the advice and recommendations of medical experts to implement new protocols to ensure the safety of our employees, including face coverings, temperature checks, health certifications, social distancing and capacity limits. We supported our employees through programs and benefits provided throughout the year, pivoting all of our people programs and practices to enable business continuity in the current environment.
Importantly, our response to the COVID-19 pandemic reflects our belief that work is a measure of output and accomplishment—not a place—and flexible work means people are most productive when they match their work environment to the outcomes they are trying to deliver. Our success in implementing this work philosophy during the pandemic has driven an evolution in our flexible work approach.
Sustainability
Climate Change
We believe that our solutions facilitate customers’ transition to long-term and flexible work models, helping customers to accelerate their sustainability goals by decreasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions - driving down corporate office space needs, enabling a shift from energy-intensive desktops and high-performance processors to more energy-efficient devices.
As companies implement commitments to dramatically reduce GHG emissions in response to regulation and/or business trends, this may include optimizing IT practices that lead to an increase in demand for our remote working and cloud services. Our cloud-based and remote workforce solutions enable customers to safeguard against potential operational disruptions that may be caused by climate-related extreme weather events. These climate impacts can hold significant consequences for company operations, in particular for those in the technology sector. Our cloud-based solutions enable our customers to address concerns around business continuity as a result of climate-related disruptions.
Climate Change Governance
As part of its oversight function, the Audit Committee regularly reviews the compliance policies and processes by which our exposure to certain significant areas of risk—including climate-related risk—is assessed and managed.
Our Chief Financial Officer regularly reviews and approves updates and decisions related to our climate change and environmental sustainability strategy, such as investments in programs and initiatives that advance Citrix's emissions reduction and renewable energy strategy.
We encourage you to review our Sustainability Report for more detailed information regarding our human capital and sustainability programs, strategy and initiatives. Nothing in our Sustainability Report shall be deemed incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.10-K.
Available Information
Our Internet address is http://www.citrix.com. We make available, free of charge, on or through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.
Employees
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As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 8,200 employees. We believe our relations with employees are good. In certain countries outside the United States, our relations with employees are governed by labor regulations that provide for specific terms of employment between our company and our employees.


ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operating results and financial condition have varied in
RISKS RELATED TO THE PENDING ACQUISITION OF OUR COMPANY
The Merger, the past and could in the future vary significantly depending on a number of factors. From time to time, information provided by us or statements made by our employees contain “forward-looking” information that involves risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, that are not historical facts, including, but not limited to, statements concerning our strategy and operational and growth initiatives, our transition to a subscription-based business model, product development and offerings of solutions and services, market branding and positioning, distribution and sales channels, our partners and other strategic or technology relationships, financial information and results of operations for future periods, competition, seasonal factors, stock-based compensation, licensing and subscription renewal programs, international operations and expansion, investment transactions and valuations of investments and derivative instruments, restructuring charges, reinvestment or repatriation of foreign earnings, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, tax estimates and other tax matters, liquidity, stock repurchases and dividends, our debt, changes in accounting rules or guidance, changes in domestic and foreign economic conditions, acquisitions, litigation matters and intellectual property matters, constitute forward-looking statements and are made under the safe harbor provisions of Section 27Apendency of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E ofMerger or our failure to complete the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees. Our actual results of operations and financial condition could vary materially from those stated in any forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or presented elsewhere by our management from time to time. Such factors, among others,Merger could have a material adverse effect uponon our business, results of operations, financial condition and the price of our common stock.
On January 31, 2022, we entered into the Merger Agreement, providing for the Merger and our acquisition by entities affiliated with Vista Equity Partners and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp. in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $16.5 billion. The completion of the Merger is subject to certain closing conditions, including approval of the Merger Agreement by our stockholders, receipt of regulatory approvals and such other conditions to completion as set forth in the Merger Agreement. There is no assurance that all of the various conditions will be satisfied, or that the Merger will be completed on the proposed terms, within the expected timeframe, or at all.
During the period prior to the closing of the Merger, our business is exposed to certain inherent risks due to the effect of the announcement or pendency of the Merger on our business relationships, financial condition, operating results and business, including:
•potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or the pendency of the Merger;
•potential business uncertainty during the pendency of the Merger that could affect our financial performance;
•the possibility of disruption to our business and operations, including diversion of management attention and resources;
•the inability to attract and retain key personnel, and the possibility that our current employees could be distracted, and their productivity decline as a result, due to uncertainty regarding the Merger;
•our inability to solicit other acquisition proposals during the pendency of the Merger;
•the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and charges related to the Merger; and
•other developments beyond our control, including, but not limited to, changes in domestic or global economic, political or industry conditions that may affect the timing or success of the Merger.
The Merger may be delayed, and may ultimately not be completed, due to a number of factors, including:
•the failure to obtain regulatory approvals from various governmental entities (or the imposition of any conditions, limitations or restrictions on such approvals);
•potential shareholder litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings, which could delay or prevent the Merger; and
•the failure to satisfy the other conditions to the completion of the Merger, including approval by our stockholders.
If the Merger does not close, our business and stockholders would be exposed to additional risks, including:
•to the extent that the current market price of our common stock reflects an assumption that the Merger will be completed, the price of our common stock could decrease if the Merger is not completed;
•investor confidence could decline, shareholder litigation could be brought against us, relationships with existing and prospective customers, service providers, investors, lenders and other business partners may be adversely impacted, we may be unable to retain key personnel, and profitability may be adversely impacted due to costs incurred in connection with the pending Merger; and
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•under certain specified circumstances, the requirement that we pay a termination fee of $409 million if the Merger Agreement is terminated, including by the Company to enter into a definitive agreement with respect to a superior proposal or by Parent because our Board of Directors withdraws its recommendation in favor of the Merger.
Even if successfully completed, there are certain risks to our stockholders from the Merger, including:
•the amount of cash to be paid per share under the Merger Agreement is fixed and will not be adjusted for changes in our business, assets, liabilities, prospects, outlook, financial condition or operating results or in the event of any change in the market price of, analyst estimates of, or projections relating to, our common stock;
•the fact that receipt of the all-cash per share consideration under the Merger Agreement is taxable to stockholders that are treated as U.S. holders for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
•the fact that, if the Merger is completed, our stockholders will not participate in any future growth potential or benefit from any future increase in the value of the Company.
While the Merger Agreement is in effect, we are subject to restrictions on our business activities.
While the Merger Agreement is in effect, we are generally required to conduct our business in the ordinary course, consistent with past practice, and are restricted from taking certain actions without Parent's prior consent, which is not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. These limitations include, among other things, certain restrictions on our ability to acquire other businesses and assets, dispose of our assets, make investments, enter into certain contracts, repurchase or issue securities, pay dividends, make capital expenditures, take certain actions relating to intellectual property, take certain actions relating to our employees, amend our organizational documents and incur indebtedness. These restrictions could prevent us from pursuing strategic business opportunities and taking actions with respect to our business that we may consider advantageous and may, as a result, materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which only speak as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

Our transition from a perpetual licensesThe expansion of cloud-based solutions (as opposed to a subscription-based business model and from on-premises software to cloud-delivered services is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties.
The focustraditional on-premise delivery of our business model is shifting away from sales of perpetual licensesproducts) and our efforts to sales of subscriptions. Additionally, we expecttransition our customers from on-premise to the cloud, including the pace of that transition, has and will increasingly rely on our cloud-delivered services instead of on-premises deployments. This transition may give rise tointroduce a number of risks including the following:
we may not be ableand uncertainties unique to effectively or efficiently transition our customers from consuming our solutions and services as on premises solutions to cloud-based solutions;
we may not be able to implement effective go-to-market strategies and train or properly incentivize our sales team and channel partnerssuch a shift in order to effectively market our subscription offerings;
we may be unsuccessful in maintaining our target pricing, adoption and renewal rates;
we may select solution prices that are not optimal anddelivery, which could negativelyadversely affect our sales or earnings;business, results of operations and financial condition.
we may incur costs at a higher than forecasted rate as we expand our cloud-delivered services thereby decreasing our gross margins;
we may experience unpredictability in revenue as a result of usage fluctuations within our cloud service provider business;
we may not be able to meet customer demand or solution requirements for cloud-delivered services;
we may encounter customer concerns regarding changes to pricing, service availability, and security; and
our cloud-delivered services are primarily operated through third party data centers, which we do not control and which may be vulnerable to damage, interruption and cyber-related risks.
 As we transition our customers from perpetual licenses to subscriptions, we expect an impact on the timing of revenue recognition and a potential reduction of cash flows. Because subscription revenue is typically recognized over time, we may experience a near-term reduction in revenue and revenue growth as more customers move away from perpetual licenses to subscriptions.
Our subscription-based business model and expansionExpansion of our cloud-delivered servicescloud-based solutions has required, and may alsocontinue to require, a considerable investment in resources, including technical, financial, legal, sales, information technology and operationoperational systems. MarketAdditionally, market acceptance of such offerings is affected by a variety of factors, including but not limited to: security, service availability, reliability, availability of tools to automate cloud migration, scalability, integration with public cloud platforms, customization, availability of qualified third-party service providers to assist customers in transitioning to our cloud-based solutions, performance, current license terms, customer preference, customer concerns with entrusting a third party to store and manage their data, public concerns regarding privacy and the enactment of restrictive laws or regulations.

We may not meet our financial and strategic objectives if the pace that our customers transition to cloud-based solutions is slower than predicted. For instance, although we continue to make progress with respect to this transition, a large portion of our current installed customer base has not been transitioned from our on-premise subscriptions to cloud-based offerings as of December 31, 2021. To address the challenges in transitioning our customers to the cloud, we continue to invest in innovation and feature development, simplified cloud migration, and performance and reliability, as well as other cloud customer success and sales initiatives. There can be no assurance, however, that these initiatives will result in an increase in the transition of our customers from on-premise to our cloud-based solutions. If we are unable to transition our customers to cloud-based solutions at the pace we expect, we may experience a negative impact on our overall financial performance.
In addition, our cloud-based solutions are primarily operated through third-party cloud service providers, which we do not control and which may be subject to actual or perceived damage, interruption, vulnerabilities and other cyber-related risks. Customers of our cloud-based solutions need to be able to access our platform at any time, without interruption or degradation of performance, and we provide them with service level commitments with respect to uptime. Third-party cloud providers run their own platforms that we access, and therefore, we are vulnerable to their service interruptions. We may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time as a result of problems with our third-party cloud providers’ infrastructure. Lack of availability of this infrastructure could be due to a number of potential causes including technical failures, natural disasters, fraud or security attacks that we cannot predict or prevent. Such outages could lead to the
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triggering of our service level agreements and the issuance of credits to our cloud offering customers, which may impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if our security, or that of any of these third-party cloud providers, is compromised, our software is unavailable or our customers are unable to use our software within a reasonable amount of time or at all, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within a period of time acceptable to our customers. It is possible that our customers and potential customers would hold us accountable for any breach of security affecting a third-party cloud provider’s infrastructure and we may incur significant liability from those customers and from third parties with respect to any breach affecting these systems. We may not be able to recover a material portion of our liabilities to our customers and third parties from a third-party cloud provider. It may also become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our performance, especially during peak usage times, as our software becomes more complex and the usage of our software increases.
Our cloud-based solutions provide customers with increased visibility into the level of active use of such solutions by the customers’ employees or other end users. This enhanced visibility may adversely impact renewal rates, if enough users in a customer organization do not actively engage with our solutions.
In addition, the pace of adoption by our customers of cloud-based solutions as opposed to on-premise delivery of our products has and will introduce a number of risks unique to such a shift, including:
•we may not be able to meet customer demand or solution requirements for cloud-based solutions;
•we may incur costs at a higher than forecasted rate as we expand our cloud-based solutions thereby decreasing our gross margins;
•we may encounter customer concerns regarding changes to pricing, service availability, and security; and
•we may experience unpredictability in revenue as a result of usage fluctuations within our cloud service provider business.
Further, the success in transitioning our customers to our cloud-based solutions is dependent on our ability to effectively align, prioritize and allocate our engineering and other resources to balance the needs of maintaining our existing products, while also innovating in future products and features, and ensuring security and resiliency.
Any of the above circumstances or events may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our multi-year transition from a perpetual licenses to a subscription-based business model is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have been transitioning to a subscription-based business model over the past several years, which included discontinuing broad availability of perpetual licenses for Citrix Workspace in October 2020 and a large portion of our new business has transitioned to the subscription-based model. We offer our customers the option to acquire new Citrix Workspace licenses in the form of an on-premise subscription or cloud-based subscriptions. However, we will continue to support and renew existing maintenance contracts for the foreseeable future.
As we continue to transition our customers from perpetual licenses to subscriptions, we expect an impact on the timing of revenue recognition and potential reductions in operating margin and cash flows. For instance, our decision to end broad availability of perpetual Citrix Workspace licenses in October 2020 resulted in a reduction in reported revenue over subsequent quarters. Because subscription revenue related to our cloud-based solutions is typically recognized over time, we may continue to experience a near-term reduction in revenue and revenue growth as more customers move away from perpetual licenses to subscriptions. We also expect the mix shift within our App Delivery and Security business away from hardware towards software-based solutions will create pressure on reported App Delivery and Security revenue over time.
Further, while many of our subscription-based offerings involve multi-year commitments, ultimately our subscription customers may decide not to renew their subscriptions for our solutions after the expiration of the subscription term, or to renew only for a portion of our solutions or on pricing terms that are less favorable to us. Our customers’ renewal rates may decline, fluctuate, or not improve as a result of a number of factors, including their level of satisfaction with our solutions, their ability to continue their operations and spending levels, the pricing of our solutions, the availability of competing solutions and the pendency of the Merger. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our solutions or demand pricing or other concessions prior to renewal, or if our renewal rates fluctuate or decline, our total bookings and revenue will fluctuate or decline, and our business and financial results will be negatively affected.
In addition, the metrics we use to gauge the status of our business may evolve over the course of the transition as significant trends emerge. For example, we report annualized recurring revenue and Citrix Cloud Paid Subscribers as a key performance indicator of the health and trajectory of our business. We believe that annualized recurring revenue represents the
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pace of our transition and serves as a leading indicator of revenue trends. Further, we continue to evaluate the metrics and key performance indicators that we use to measure our business internally and those that we provide as external disclosures, and there can be no guarantees that the metrics and key performance indicators that we use internally or disclose externally will prove successful in helping us manage our business or understand important trends. The transition to a subscription-based business model also means that our historical results, especially those achieved before we began the transition, may be difficult to compare to our future results. As a result, investors and financial analysts may have difficulty understanding the shift in our business model, resulting in changes in financial estimates or failure to meet investor expectations. Moreover, we have historically forecasted, and may in the future forecast, our future revenue and operating results and may provide financial projections based on a number of assumptions, including a forecasted rate of subscription bookings, as well as the mix within subscription of on-premise versus cloud. If any of our assumptions about our business model transition or the estimated mix within subscription of on-premise versus cloud are incorrect, our revenue and operating results may be impacted and could vary materially from those we may provide as guidance or from those anticipated by investors and analysts. If we are unable to successfully establish our subscription-based business model or expand our cloud-delivered services, and navigate our transition in light of the foregoing risks and uncertainties, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.
Our business could be adversely impacted by conditions affecting the information technology market.
The markets forA significant portion of our revenues historically has come from our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions and services are characterized by:
rapid technological change;
evolving industry standards;
fluctuationsour App Delivery and Security products, and decreases in customer demand;
changing customer business models and increasingly sophisticated customer needs; and
frequent new solution and service introductions and enhancements.
The demandsales for ourthese solutions and services depends substantially upon the general demand for business-related computer appliances and software, which fluctuates based on numerous factors, including capital spending levels, the spending levels and growth ofcould adversely affect our current and prospective customers, and general economic conditions. As we continue to grow our subscription service offerings, we must continue to innovate and develop new solutions and features to meet changing customer needs. Our failure to respond quickly to technological developments or customers’ increasing technological requirements could lower the demand for any solutions and services and/or make our solutions uncompetitive and obsolete. Moreover, the purchase of our solutions and services is often discretionary and may involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. We need to continue to develop our skills, tools and capabilities to capitalize on existing and emerging technologies, which will require us to devote significant resources.
U.S. economic forecasts for the information technology, or IT, sector are uncertain and continue to highlight an industry in transition from legacy platforms to mobile, cloud, data analytics and social solutions. If our current and prospective customers cut costs, they may significantly reduce their information technology expenditures. Additionally, if our current and prospective customers shift their IT spending more rapidly towards newer technologies and solutions as mobile, cloud, data analytics and social platforms evolve, the demand for our solutions and services most aligned with legacy platforms (such as our desktop virtualization solutions) could decrease. Fluctuations in the demand for our solutions and services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A significant portion of our revenues has historically come from our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions and App Delivery and Security products. We continue to anticipate that sales of these solutions and products and related enhancements and upgrades will constitute a majority of our revenue for the near future. Declines and variability in sales of certain of these solutions and products could occur as a result of:
•new competitive product releases and updates to existing products delivered as on premises solutions, especially cloud-based products;
•industry trend to focus on the secure delivery of applications on mobile devices;
•introduction of new or alternative technologies, products or service offerings by third parties;
•termination or reduction of our product offerings and enhancements;
•potential market saturation;
•failure to enter new markets;
•price and product competition resulting from rapid and frequent technological changes and customer needs;
•general economic conditions;
•complexities and cost in implementation;
•failure to deliver satisfactory technical support;
•failure of our technology to advance our customers’ energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions goals;
•dissatisfied customers; or
•lack of commercial success of our technology relationships.
We have experienced increased competition in the Application Virtualization and VDI business from directly competing solutions, alternative products and products on new platforms. For example, AWS, Microsoft and VMware each provide offerings that compete with our solutions, among numerous other competitors. Also, there continues to be an increase in the number of alternatives to Windows operating system powered desktops, in particular mobile devices such as Chromebooks, smartphones and tablets. Users may increasingly turn to these devices to perform functions that would have been traditionally performed on desktops and laptops, which in turn may reduce the market for our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions. Further, increased use of certain SaaS applications may result in customers relying less on Windows applications. If sales of our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions decline as a result of these or other factors, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Similarly, we have experienced increased competition for our App Delivery and Security products, including our core Citrix ADC solution. For example, there are an increasing number of alternatives to traditional ADC hardware solutions, enabling our customers to build internal solutions, rely on open source technology or leverage software and cloud-based offerings. In addition, our App Delivery and Security business generates a substantial portion of its revenues from a limited number of customers with uneven and declining purchasing patterns. As a result, the potential for declining sales within our App Delivery and Security business may not be offset by gains in our other businesses, which could result in our operations and financial condition being adversely affected.
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If our Workspace strategy is not successful in addressing our customers’ evolving needs beyond traditional Application Virtualization andVDI solutions or we face substantial technological or implementation challenges with our Workspace offerings, we may beunable to expandour user base and our financial performance could be adversely impacted.
Our success depends on customer and user adoption of our newer products and services. Increased adoption will depend on our ability to deliver a Workspace platform that provides value and use cases beyond traditional Application Virtualization and VDI solutions. The market for solutions that meet our customers’ needs in accessing and organizing their work in a secure way is evolving and dynamic.
Further, our growth strategy with respect to our Workspace offerings includes expanding the use of our platform through integrations with a variety of network, hardware and software systems, such as human resource information and enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management systems, including through the interaction of application programming interfaces (APIs). While we have established relationships with providers of complementary technology offerings and software integrations, we may be unsuccessful in maintaining relationships with these providers or establishing relationships with new providers. Third-party providers of complementary technology offerings and software integrations may decline to enter into, or may later terminate, relationships with us; change their features or platforms; restrict our access to their applications and platforms; or alter the terms governing use of and access to their applications and APIs in an adverse manner. Such changes could functionally limit or terminate our ability to use these third-party technology offerings and software integrations with our platform, which could negatively impact our offerings and harm our business. Further, we have undertaken efforts to build a developer community around our Workspace platform, but it remains unclear if the developer community will successfully generate third-party developer interest in creating new integrations or additional uses for our services.
Delivering our new solutions and our Workspace vision presents technological and implementation challenges, and may fail to meet our customers' needs. Significant investments continue to be required to develop or acquire solutions to address those challenges. To the extent that our newer products and services are adopted more slowly or are displaced by competitive solutions offered by other companies, our revenue growth rates may slow materially or our revenue may decline substantially, we may fail to realize returns on our investments in new initiatives and our operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
We face intense competition, which could result in customer loss, fewer customer orders and reduced revenues and margins.
We sell our solutions and services in intensely competitive markets. Some of our competitors and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing and other resources than we do. We compete based on our ability to offer to our customers the most current and desired solution and services features. We expect that competition will continue to be intense, and there is a risk that our competitors’ products may be less costly, more heavily discounted or free, provide better performance or include additional features when compared to our solutions. Additionally, there is a risk that our solutions may become outdated or that our market share may erode. Further, the announcement of the release, andor the actual release, of new solutions incorporating similar features to our solutions could cause our existing and potential customers to postpone or cancel plans to license certain of our existing and future solution and service offerings. Existing or new solutions and services that provide alternatives to our solutions and services could materially impact our ability to compete in these markets. As the markets for our solutions and services, especially those solutions in early stages of development, continue to develop, additional companies, including companies with significant market presence in the computer hardware, software, cloud, networking, mobile, data sharing and related industries, could enter, or increase their footprint in, the markets in which we compete and further intensify competition. In addition, we believe price competition could becomewill remain a more significant competitive factor in the future. As a result, we may not be able to maintain our historic prices and margins, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We expect to continue to face additional competition as new participants enter our markets and as our current competitors seek to increase market share. Further, we may see new and increased competition in different geographic regions. The generally low barriers to entry in certain of our businesses increase the potential for challenges from new industry competitors, whether small and medium sizedmedium-sized businesses or larger, more established companies. Smaller companies new to our market may have more flexibility to develop on more agile platforms and have greater ability to adapt their strategies and cost structures, which may give them a competitive advantage with our current or prospective customers. We may also experience increased competition from new types of solutions as the options for Digital Workspace and NetworkingApp Delivery and Security offerings increase. Further, as our industry evolves and if our company grows, companies with which we have strategic alliances may become competitors in other product areas, or our current competitors may enter into new strategic relationships with new or existing competitors, all of which may further increase the competitive pressures we face.

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A significant portion of our revenues historically has come from our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions and our Networking products, and decreases in sales for these solutions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
A significant portion of our revenues has historically come from our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions and Networking products. We continue to anticipate that sales of these solutions and products and related enhancements and upgrades will constitute a majority of our revenue for the near future. Declines and variability in sales of certain of these solutions and products could occur as a result of:
new competitive product releases and updates to existing products delivered as on premises solutions, especially cloud-based products;
industry trend to focus on the secure delivery of applications on mobile devices;
introduction of new or alternative technologies, products or service offerings by third parties;
termination or reduction of our product offerings and enhancements;
potential market saturation;
failure to enter new markets;
price and product competition resulting from rapid and frequent technological changes and customer needs;
general economic conditions;
complexities and cost in implementation;
failure to deliver satisfactory technical support;
dissatisfied customers; or
lack of commercial success of our technology relationships.
We have experienced increased competition in the Application Virtualization and VDI business from directly competing solutions, alternative products and products on new platforms. For example, Amazon Web Services provides Amazon WorkSpaces and VMware provides Horizon, both of which compete with these offerings among numerous other competitors. Also, there continues to be an increase in the number of alternatives to Windows operating system powered desktops, in particular mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Users may increasingly turn to these devices to perform functions that would have been traditionally performed on desktops and laptops, which in turn may reduce the market for our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions. Further, increased use of certain SaaS applications may result in customers relying less on Windows applications. If sales of our Application Virtualization and VDI solutions decline as a result of these or other factors, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Similarly, we have experienced increased competition for our Networking products, including our core Citrix ADC solution. For example, there are an increasing number of alternatives to traditional ADC hardware solutions, enabling our customers to build internal solutions, rely on open source technology or leverage software and cloud-based offerings. In addition, our Networking business generates a substantial portion of its revenues from a limited number of customers with uneven and declining purchasing patterns. As a result, the potential for declining sales within our Networking business may not be offset by gains in other areas of our Networking and other businesses, which could result in our operations and financial condition being adversely affected.
Our growth prospects depend on increasing the number of users within our customer base, as well as attracting new customers.
We believe that our penetration into our existing customer base is limited and that we have an opportunity to expand the pool of the available users of our solutions. This represents a longer-term opportunity to both expand within our installed base and to attract new customers. There are no guarantees, however, that we will be able to capitalize on this opportunity if we do not innovate and expand the set of potential users, or otherwise attract customer interest and adoption. If we are unable to expand the number of users within our customer base or unable to attract new customers, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

In order to be successful, we must attract, engage, retain and integrate key employees and have adequate succession plans in place, and failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, engage, retain, and integrate qualified executives and other key employees throughout all areas of our business. Identifying, developing internally or hiring externally, training and retaining highly-skilled managerial, technical, sales and services, finance and marketing personnel are critical to our future, and competition for experienced employees can be intense. In order to attract and retain executives and other key employees in a competitive marketplace, we must provide a competitive compensation package, including cash- and equity-based compensation. If we do not obtain the stockholder approval needed to continue granting equity compensation in a competitive manner, our ability to attract, retain, and motivate executives and key employees could be weakened. Failure to successfully

hire executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations. Competition for qualified personnel in our industry is intense because of the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding of solutions in our industry. The loss of services of any key personnel, the inability to retain and attract qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring may harm our business and results of operations.
Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. We have experienced significant changes in our senior management team over the past several years, including the appointments of David J. Henshall as our President and Chief Executive Officer in 2017 and Andrew Del Matto as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 2018. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. Further, changes in our management team may be disruptive to our business, and any failure to successfully integrate key new hires or promoted employees could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Industry volatility and consolidation may result in increased competition.
The industry has been volatile and there has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for several years. We expect this trend to continue, especially in light of the increased availability of domestic cash resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In addition, we expect companies will attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving and volatile industry. For example, some of our competitors have made acquisitions or entered into partnerships or other strategic relationships to offer a more comprehensive solution than they had previously offered. Further, some companies are making plans or may be under pressure by stockholders to divest businesses and such divestitures may result in stronger competition. Additionally, as IT companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions in the evolving digital workspace services, networking and data sharing markets, these companies continue to seek to deliver comprehensive IT solutions to end users and combine enterprise-level hardware and software solutions that may compete with our Digital Workspace and NetworkingApp Delivery and Security solutions. These consolidators or potential consolidators may have significantly greater financial, technical and other resources and brand loyalty than we do, and may be better positioned to acquire and offer complementary solutions and services. The companies resulting from these possible combinations may create more compelling solution and service offerings and be able to offer greater pricing flexibility or sales and marketing support for such offerings than we can. These heightened competitive pressures could result in a loss of customers or a reduction in our revenues or revenue growth rates, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.condition.
Refer to Part I, Item 1 “Business” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for a description of our competition.
Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our solutionsproducts and services or cyberattacks on our services infrastructure or corporate networks could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Use of our solutionsproducts and services has and may involve the transmission and/or storage of data, including in certain instances our own and our customers' and other parties’ business, financial and personal data. Thus, maintainingAs we continue to evolve our products and features, we expect to host, transmit or otherwise have access to increasing amounts of potentially sensitive data. Maintaining the security of our solutions,products, computer networks and data storage resources is important as security breachesand service vulnerabilities could result in solution or service vulnerabilities and loss of and/or unauthorized access to confidential information. We aim to engineer secure solutions and services, enhance security and reliability features in our solutions and services, deploy security updates to address security vulnerabilities and seek to respond to known security incidents in sufficient time to minimize any potential adverse impact. We have in the past, and may in the future, discover vulnerabilities in our solutionsproducts or underlying technology, which could expose our reputation, our operations and our customers to risk until such vulnerabilities are addressed.risk. In addition, to the extent we are diverting our resources to address and mitigate these vulnerabilities, it may hinder our ability to deliver and support our solutionsproducts and customers in a timely manner. For example, in December 2019, we discovered a vulnerability in certain of our Application Delivery and Security products that would have allowed an unauthenticated attacker to perform arbitrary code execution. In response, we published a security advisory with detailed mitigations designed to stop a potential attack across all known scenarios and also developed and made available fixes to address this vulnerability, and such efforts required significant investment of resources across the company.
As a more general matter, unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate, alter, disclose, delete or otherwise compromise our confidential information or that of third parties,our employees, partners, customers or their end users, create system disruptions, product or service vulnerabilities or cause shutdowns. These perpetratorsunauthorized parties are becoming increasingly sophisticated, particularly those funded by or acting as formal or informal representatives of, or acting in conjunction with, nation states. Perpetrators of cyberattacks also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, malware and other malicious software programs that directly or indirectly attack our products, services, or infrastructure (including third partythird-party cloud service providers --- such as Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web ServicesAWS and Google Cloud Platform - upon which we rely)., third-party software and applications that we deploy in our internal network. Because techniques used by these perpetrators to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to our systems change frequently and generallysometimes are not recognized until long after being launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Despite our efforts to build secure services, we can make no assurance that we will be able to detect, prevent, timely and adequately address, or mitigate the negative effects of cyberattacks or other security breaches. For example,compromises. Like many enterprises, we experience attempted attacks on our network and services, and certain of those attacks have resulted in late 2018,successful unauthorized access to our file syncnetworks and sharing service wasservices, including a “password spraying” attack in 2019. In 2021, we learned that certain open source libraries, commonly referred to as Log4j 2 and Log4Shell, included in certain of our products and services, as well as in software and services provided by our vendors and used internally, contained vulnerabilities which, if exploited, would enable a remote attacker to take control of an environment over the targetinternet. There is no guarantee that our preventative and mitigation actions with respect to this vulnerability and others like it will eliminate fully the risk of a “credential stuffing” attack, in which we believe that malicious third-party actors used credentials obtained from breaches unrelated tocompromise of the company or our customers.
These misappropriations, cyberattacks or any Citrix service to attempt to gain access to individual Citrix Content Collaboration customer accounts. To date, we believe the event had limited impact on a small percentage of Citrix Content Collaboration customers; however, these types of attacks have the potential to materially and adversely impact our customers and, as a result, our results of operations and financial condition.

A breachother compromises of our security measures (or those of one of our customers) as a result of third-party action, malware, employee error, vulnerabilities, theft, malfeasance or otherwise could result in (among other consequences):
•loss or destruction of customer, employee, partner and other Citrix intellectual property or business data;
•disruptions in the operation of our business, such as interruption in the delivery of our cloud and other services;
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•costs associated with investigating, responding to and remediating the root cause, including additional monitoring of systems for unauthorized activity;
•negative publicity and harm to our reputation or brand, which could result in lost trust from our customers, partners and employees and could lead some customers to seek to cancel subscriptions, stop using certain of our solutionsproducts or services, reduce or delay future purchases of our solutionsproducts or services, or use competing solutionsproducts or services;
•individual and/or class action lawsuits, due to, among other things, the compromise of sensitive employee or customer information, which could result in financial judgments against us or the payment of settlement amounts which wouldand cause us to incur legal fees and costs;
•regulatory enforcement action in the United States at both the federal and state level (such as by the Federal Trade Commission and/or state attorneys general) or globally under the growing number of data protection legal regimes, including without limitation the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, or other legal authority,similar federal, state or local laws, which could result in significant fines and/or penalties or other sanctions and which would cause us to incur legal fees and costs; and/or
in the event that we or one of our customers were the victim of a cyberattack or other security breach, additional •costs associated with responding to those impacted by such breach,issues, such as investigative and remediation costs, and theas: costs of providing data owners, consumers or others with notice of the breach,notice; legal fees,fees; costs of any additional fraud detection activities required by such customers' credit card issuers,issuers; and costs incurred by credit card issuers associated with the compromisecompromise;
•disputes with our insurance carriers concerning coverage for the costs associated with responding to, and additional monitoring of systems for further fraudulent activity.mitigating an incident; and/or

•longer-term remediation and security enhancement expenses.
Any of these actions could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, while we maintain multiple layers of oversight over enterprise cybersecurity and data protection risks associated with our products, services, information technology infrastructure and related operations – including our management-level cybersecurity risk oversight committee comprised of senior executives across core functions, as well as our Technology, Data and Information Security Committee of the Board – there is no guarantee that this oversight framework will be successful in providing the necessary governance to prevent or adequately respond to the actions described above.
We rely on indirect distribution channels and major distributors that we do not control.
We rely significantly on independent distributors and resellers to market and distribute our solutions and services. Our distributors generally sell through resellers. Our distributor and reseller base is relatively concentrated. We maintain and periodically revise our sales incentive programs for our independent distributors and resellers, and such program revisions may adversely impact our results of operations. Changes to our sales incentive programs can result from a number of factors, including our transition to a subscription-based business model. In 2021, after experiencing a lack of focus on driving transactional volume through our indirect channel, we began reevaluating and updating our channel programs to better incentivize our channel partners. Our competitors may in some cases be effective in providing incentives to current or potential distributors and resellers to favor their products or to prevent or reduce sales of our solutions. The loss of or reduction in sales to our distributors or resellers could materially reduce our revenues. Further, we could maintain individually significant accounts receivable balances with certain distributors. The financial condition of our distributors could deteriorate and distributors could significantly delay or default on their payment obligations. Any significant delays, defaults or terminations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We continue to diversify our base of channel relationships by adding and training more channel partners with abilities to reach larger enterprise customers and additional mid-market customers and to sell our newer solutions and services. We are also in the process of building relationships with new types of channel partners, such as systems integrators and service providers. In addition to this diversification of our partner base, we will need to maintain a healthy mix of channel members who service smaller customers. We may need to add and remove distribution partners to maintain customer satisfaction, support a steady adoption rate of our solutions, and align with our transition to a subscription-based business model, which could increase our operating expenses, credit risk, and adversely impact our go-to-market effectiveness. In addition, our newer Workspace offerings may require additional technical capabilities to efficiently implement our solutions, and there is no guarantee we will be able to find a sufficient number of capable partners who can support these efforts. We also bear the risk that our existing or newer channel partners will fail to comply with U.S. or international anti-corruption or anti-competition laws, in which case we might be fined or otherwise penalized as a result of the agency relationship with such partners. We are currently investing, and intend to continue to invest, significant resources to develop these channel relationships, which could adversely impact our results of operations if such channels do not result in increased revenues.
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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic remain uncertain and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and such effects will depend on future developments.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant worldwide uncertainty, volatility and economic disruption. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, the severity of the disease and outbreak, the impact of new strains of the virus, effectiveness and availability of a vaccine, future and ongoing actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the impact on the businesses of our customers and partners, and the length of its impact on the global economy, which remain uncertain and are difficult to predict at this time. The potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, each of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, include:
• the rate of IT spending and the ability of our customers to purchase our offerings could be adversely impacted. Further, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions and cause them to become less inclined to trade-up from existing solutions, impact customers’ pricing expectations for our offerings, lengthen payment terms, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts, or adversely impact renewal rates;
• we could experience disruptions in our operations as a result of continued office closures, risks associated with our employees working remotely, a significant portion of our workforce suffering illness and travel restrictions;
• we may be unable to collect amounts due on billed and unbilled revenue if our customers or partners delay payment or fail to pay us under the terms of our agreements as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their businesses, including their seeking bankruptcy protection or other similar relief. As a result, our cash flows could be adversely impacted, which could affect our ability to fund future product development and acquisitions or return capital to shareholders. Further, our ability to obtain outside financing or raise additional capital may be limited as a result of volatility in the financial markets during and following the COVID-19 pandemic;
• if we do not generate sufficient cash flow or our financial condition deteriorates, we may be unable to service our debt arrangements or comply with the covenants set forth in our debt arrangements;
• we may experience disruptions or delays to our supply chain or fulfillment and delivery operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, we rely on a concentrated number of third-party suppliers and delivery vendors for our App Delivery and Security products, and may experience disruptions from the temporary closure of third-party supplier and manufacturer facilities, interruptions in product supply, restrictions on export or shipment or disruptions in product fulfillment due to closure or delays of our delivery vendors;
• our marketing effectiveness and demand generation efforts may be impacted due to the cancellation of customer events or shifting events to virtual-only experiences. For example, we made the decision to replace our largest annual customer and partner event, Synergy, with a series of virtual-only events again in 2022. We may need to postpone or cancel other customer, employee or industry events or other marketing initiatives in the future;
• our business is dependent on attracting and retaining highly skilled employees, and our ability to attract and retain such employees may be adversely impacted by intensified restrictions on travel, immigration, or the availability of work visas during the COVID-19 pandemic;
•certain U.S. federal and state laws and regulations intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are in direct conflict, which means we are unable to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in some of the jurisdictions in which we operate;
• increased cyber incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic and our increased reliance on a remote workforce could increase our exposure to potential cybersecurity breaches and attacks; and/or
• our results of operations are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which risks may be heightened due to increased volatility of foreign currency exchange rates as a result of COVID-19.
Further, our operating results and cash flows could vary materially from our expectations or from those anticipated by investors and analysts as a result of the unpredictability of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our businesses, our customers’ and partners’ businesses and the global markets and economy.
As the emergence of various strains of COVID-19 continue to prolong the pandemic, we are preparing for the likelihood that an increasing number of our employees may continue to work remotely, and may not require physical office space in order to perform their work. If so, we may reduce our physical office space requirements resulting in the possibility of additional near-term expense and accounting charges.
To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, it may also heighten many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factor” Section.
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Our business could be adversely impacted by conditions affecting the information technology market in which we operate.
The markets for our solutions and services are characterized by:
•rapid technological change;
•evolving industry standards;
•fluctuations in customer demand;
•changing customer business models and increasingly sophisticated customer needs; and
•frequent new solution and service introductions and enhancements.
The demand for our solutions and services depends substantially upon the general demand for business-related computer appliances and software, which fluctuates based on numerous factors, including capital spending levels, the spending levels and growth of our current and prospective customers, and general economic conditions, including inflation. As we continue to grow our subscription service offerings, we must continue to innovate and develop new solutions and features to meet changing customer needs. Our failure to respond quickly to technological developments or customers’ increasing technological requirements could lower the demand for any solutions and services and/or make our solutions uncompetitive and obsolete. Moreover, the purchase of our solutions and services is often discretionary and may involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. We need to continue to develop our skills, tools and capabilities to capitalize on existing and emerging technologies, which will require us to devote significant resources.
U.S. economic forecasts for the IT sector are uncertain and continue to highlight an industry in transition from legacy platforms to mobile, cloud, data analytics and social solutions. If our current and prospective customers cut costs, they may significantly reduce their IT expenditures. Additionally, if our current and prospective customers shift their IT spending more rapidly towards newer technologies and solutions as mobile, cloud, data analytics and social platforms evolve, the demand for our solutions and services most aligned with legacy platforms (such as our desktop virtualization solutions) could decrease. Fluctuations in the demand for our solutions and services could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Regulation of privacy and data security may adversely affect sales of our solutionsproducts and services and result in increased compliance costs.
WeThere has been, and we believe that there will continue to be, increased regulation is likely with respect to the solicitation, collection, processing or use and handling of personal, financial, government and consumer information asother information. An increasing number of regulatory authorities in the United States and around the world have recently passed or are currently considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection, privacy and data security. This includes the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which is set to comecame into effect in January 2020, and the Global Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR. The GDPR, which is a new European Union-wide legal framework to govern data collection, use and sharing and related consumer privacy rights whichthat became effective in May 2018.2018, and the U.S. Department of Defense Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification framework. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. The GDPR includesprovides significant penalties for non-compliance. In addition,non-compliance (up to 4% of global revenue). European data protection authorities have already imposed fines for GDPR violations up to, in some cases, hundreds of millions of Euros. Many states in the United States are also considering their own privacy laws that, in the absence of a preemptive Federal privacy law, could impose burdensome and conflicting requirements. The interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws, as well as cybersecurity requirements, and industry standards in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are oftencan be uncertain and continue to remain in flux. The application of existing laws to cloud-based solutions is particularly uncertain and cloud-basedCloud-based solutions may be subject to further regulation, including data localization requirements and other restrictions concerning international transfer of data, the operational and cost impact of which cannot be fully understoodknown at this time. Moreover, it is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data and privacy practices. For example, although the GDPR will apply across the European Union without a need for local implementing legislation, local data protection authorities will still have the ability to interpret the GDPR through so-called opening clauses, which permit region-specific data protection legislation and have the potential to create inconsistencies on a country-by-country basis. In addition to the possibility of fines, application of these existing laws in a manner inconsistent with our data and privacy practices could result in an order requiring that we change our data and privacy practices, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial implementation and compliance costs and/or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Also, any new law or regulation, or interpretation of existing law or regulation, imposing greater fees or taxes or restrictingrestriction on the collection, use or transfer of information exchangeor data internationally or over the Web, could result in a decline in the use and adversely affect sales of our solutions and our results of operations. Finally, as a technology vendor, our customers and regulators will expect that we can demonstrate compliance with current data privacy and security regulation,regulations as well as our privacy policies and the information we make available to our customers and the public about our data handling practices, and our inability to do so may adversely impact sales of our solutions and services to certain customers, particularly customers in highly-regulated industries.industries, and could result in regulatory actions, fines, legal proceedings and negatively impact our brand, reputation and business.
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Our solutions could contain errors that could delay the release of new products or that may not be detected until afterotherwise adversely impact our products are shipped.and services.
Despite significant testing by us and by current and potential customers, our products and services, including our SaaS products and services, and especially new products or releasesnewly released or acquired products couldor services, do contain errors.errors or “bugs”. In some cases, these errors mayare not be discovered until after commercial shipments or deployments have been made. Errors in our products or services could delay the development or release of new products or services and could adversely affect market acceptance of our products.products and services. Additionally, our products and services use, integrate with and otherwise depend on third-party products, which third-party products could contain defects and could reduce the performance of our products or render them useless. Because our products and services are often used in mission-critical applications, errors in our products or services or the products or services of third parties upon which our products or services rely could give rise to warranty or other claims by our customers, which maycould have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Certain of our offerings have sales cycles which are long and/or unpredictable which could cause significant variability and unpredictability in our revenue and operating results for any particular period.
Generally, a substantial portion of our large and medium-sized customers implement our Digital Workspace solutions on a departmental or enterprise-wide basis. We have a long sales cycle for these departmental or enterprise-wide sales because:
•our sales force generally needs to explain and demonstrate the benefits of a large-scale deployment of our solution to potential and existing customers prior to sale;
•our service personnel typically spend a significant amount of time assisting potential customers in their testing and evaluation of our solutions and services;
•our customers are typically large and medium sizemedium-sized organizations that carefully research their technology needs and the many potential projects prior to making capital expenditures for software infrastructure; and
•before making a purchase, our potential customers usually must get approvals from various levels of decision makers within their organizations, and this process can be lengthy.
Our long sales cycle for these solutions makes it difficult to predict when these sales will occur, and we may not be able to sustain these sales on a predictable basis. In addition, the long sales cycle for these solutions makes it difficult to predict the quarter in which sales will occur. Delays in sales could cause significant variability in our bookings, revenue andand/or operating results for any particular period, and large projects with significant IT components may fail to meet our customers’ business requirements or be canceled before delivery, which likewise could adversely affect our revenue and operating results for any particular period. Cloud-based solutions and subscription-based business models are particularly sensitive to these factors, and as a result, we may be increasingly affected by long sales cycles as our business transitions continue.
Overall, the timing of our revenue is difficult to predict. Our quarterly sales have historically reflected an uneven pattern in which a disproportionate percentage of a quarter’s total sales occur in the last month, weeks and days of each quarter. In addition, our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations and such fluctuations are generally most significant in our fourth fiscal quarter, which we believe is due to the impact on revenue from the availability (or lack thereof) in our customers’ fiscal year budgets and an increase in expenses resulting from amounts paid pursuant to our sales compensation plans as performance milestones are often triggered in the fourth quarter. We believe that these seasonal factors are common within our industry. In addition, our European operations generally generate lower revenuessales in the summer months because of the generally reduced economic activity in Europe during the summer.
Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain and further access large enterprise customers.
We must retain and continue to expand our ability to reach and access large enterprise customers by adding effective value-added distributors, or VADs, system integrators, or SIs, and other partners, as well as expanding our direct sales teams and consulting services. Our inability to attract and retain large enterprise customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Large enterprise customers usually request special pricing and purchase of multiple years of subscription and maintenance up-front and generally have longer sales cycles. By allowing these customers to purchase multiple years of subscription or maintenance up-front and by granting special pricing, such as bundled pricing or discounts, to these large customers, we may have to defer recognition of some or all of the revenue from such sales. This deferral, compounded with the longer sales cycles, could reduce our revenues and operating profits for a given reporting period and make revenues difficult to predict.
Changes to our licensing or subscription renewal programs, or bundling of our solutions, could negatively impact the timing of our recognition of revenue.
We continually re-evaluate our licensing programs and subscription renewal programs, including specific license models, delivery methods, and terms and conditions, to market our current and future solutions and services. We could implement new licensing programs and subscription renewal programs, including promotional trade-up programs or offering specified enhancements to our current and future solution and service lines. Such changes could result in deferring revenue recognition until the specified enhancement is delivered or at the end of the contract term as opposed to upon the initial shipment or licensing of our software solution. We could implement different licensing models in certain circumstances, for which we would recognize licensing fees over a longer period, including offering additional solutions in a SaaS model. Changes to our licensing programs and subscription renewal programs, including the timing of the release of enhancements, upgrades, maintenance releases, the term of the contract, discounts, promotions, auto-renewals and other factors, could impact the timing of the recognition of revenue for our solutions, related enhancements and services and could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Further, companies that we acquire may operate with different cost and margin structures, which could further cause fluctuations in our operating results and adversely affect our operating margins. Moreover, if our quarterly financial results or
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our predictions of future financial results fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts and investors, our stock price could be negatively affected.
Sales and renewals of our support solutions constitute a large portion of our deferred revenue.
We anticipate that sales and renewals of our support solutions will continue to constitute a substantial portion of our deferred revenue. Our ability to continue to generate both recognized and deferred revenue from our support solutions will depend on our customers continuing to perceive value in automatic delivery of our software upgrades and enhancements. The discontinued broad availability of perpetual licenses for Citrix Workspace in October 2020 resulted in the loss of future opportunities to sell support solutions. Additionally, a decrease in demand for our support solutions could occur as a result of a decrease in demand for our Digital Workspace and NetworkingApp Delivery and Security solutions or transition to our subscription-based solutions. If our customers do not continue to purchase our support solutions, our deferred revenue would decrease significantly and our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
Our App Delivery and Security business has encountered challenges meeting demand for certain products, and may continue to encounter challenges meeting demand for certain products, if there are any interruptions or delays in the supply of hardware or hardware components from our third-party sources.
We rely on a concentrated number of third-party suppliers, who provide hardware or hardware components for our App Delivery and Security products, and contract manufacturers. Our suppliers may encounter problems during manufacturing due to a variety of reasons, including failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, failure to comply with applicable regulations, or the need to implement costly or time-consuming protocols to comply with applicable regulations (including regulations related to conflict minerals), equipment malfunction, natural disasters and environmental factors, any of which could delay or impede their ability to meet our demand. We also may experience disruptions or delays to our supply chain or fulfillment and delivery operations, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic from, among other things, the temporary closure of third-party supplier and manufacturer facilities, spikes in demand for manufacturing services, interruptions in product supply or insufficient supply of components, restrictions on export or shipment or disruptions in product fulfillment due to closure or delays of our delivery vendors. For example, in the first quarter of 2021, due in part to increased customer demand, we experienced challenges in procuring hardware components for certain of our Application Delivery and Security products, which led to hardware shipment delays and lower than expected recognized revenue during the quarter. We expect that these types of supply chain challenges may continue to arise in the future. If we are unable to procure hardware and hardware components in a timely manner from our existing suppliers or are required to change suppliers, there could be a delay in the supply of our hardware or hardware components and our ability to meet the demands of our customers could be adversely affected, which could cause the loss of App Delivery and Security sales and existing or potential customers and delayed revenue recognition, all of which could adversely affect our results of operations.
In order to be successful, we must attract, engage, retain and integrate key employees and have adequate succession plans in place, and failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract, engage, retain, and integrate qualified executives and other key employees throughout all areas of our business. Identifying, developing internally or hiring externally, training and retaining a diverse, global population of highly-skilled engineering, technical and security professionals, and managerial, sales and services, finance and marketing personnel are critical to our future, and global competition for experienced and diverse employees can be intense. In order to attract and retain executives and other key employees in a competitive marketplace, we must provide a competitive compensation package, including cash and equity-based compensation. If we do not obtain the stockholder approval needed to continue granting equity compensation in a competitive manner, our ability to attract, retain, and motivate executives and key employees could be weakened or we would otherwise need to increase our use of cash-based compensation and awards to achieve the same attraction, retention and motivation benefits. In order to attract and retain executives and other key employees in a competitive marketplace, we must also provide a diverse and inclusive environment, and offer benefits to support our employees’ physical and mental health. Our inability to do so may limit our effectiveness in attracting, retaining and motivating our executives and key employees. Failure to successfully hire executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations. In 2021, we experienced increased voluntary attrition compared to 2020, which put pressure on our ability to execute, as well as experienced increased competition for qualified personnel, including engineering, sales and other core talent necessary to successfully operate the business. The loss of services of any key personnel, the inability to retain and attract qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring may harm our business and results of operations.
Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. We have experienced significant changes in our senior management team over the past several years. Most recently, on October 6, 2021, David J. Henshall stepped down as President and Chief Executive Officer and our Board appointed Robert M. Calderoni, our Chairman of the Board, as Interim Chief Executive Officer and President.
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Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. Further, changes in our management team may be disruptive to our business, and any failure to successfully integrate key new hires or promoted employees could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The reorganization of our sales leadership, customer-facing organization and sales processes to better align with our business strategy may be disruptive to our operations, will require increasing the number of direct quota carrying sales personnel, and may not yield the short or long-term benefits that we expect.
While our business model transition is continuing to progress, we are facing challenges in evolving our go-to-market strategy and driving new business SaaS subscription bookings. In an effort to address these challenges, in July 2021, we announced plans to reorganize our sales leadership, re-align our customer-facing organization, and enhance our focus on indirect channels, new product adoption and SaaS migration, and to de-emphasize sales of on-premise term subscription licenses, embracing a faster pace of cloud adoption. We also have taken, and may continue to take, actions intended to re-align channel incentives to focus on landing and growing new business activities. These changes are significant, and may cause short-term disruption. Moreover, we anticipate that it will take time to realize any of the expected benefits from these changes.
We also may be unsuccessful in recruiting and retaining sales personnel with the knowledge and skills required to market our products and services effectively as part of our go-to-market strategy. As a result, there may be periods of time when our sales force is not at its desired headcount, which may result in fewer sales of our products and services.
This sales reorganization, and the evolution of our go-to-market strategy, may not result in the short or long-term benefits that we expect in a timely manner or at all. Moreover, these changes, or other similar changes that we may choose to make, may cause disruptions in our business that may negatively impact sales over one or more future quarters. Risks related to these activities include:
•challenges in reorganizing sales operations and personnel;
•inability to recruit and retain a sufficient number of qualified direct quota carrying sales personnel;
•reduced productivity among new sales team members or while members of the sales team adjust to their new roles and responsibilities and our new sales priorities;
•loss of key employees;
•inability to re-engage distributors, resellers and other channel partners due to changing market demands or competitive offerings;
•higher sales, marketing and services costs;
•lengthening of sales cycles as customers evaluate their cloud strategy and competitive offerings; and
•continued difficulties in accurately forecasting bookings and revenue and the estimated mix within subscription of on-premise versus cloud.
If the disruptions caused by these operational and organizational changes are greater or longer than anticipated, we are unable to increase our direct quota carrying sales personnel or we are unable to achieve the expected benefits of these activities, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Our international presence subjects us to additional risks that could harm our business.
We conduct significant sales and customer support, development and engineering operations in countries outside of the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we derived 49.7% of our net revenues from sales outside the United States. Potential growth and profitability could require us to further expand our international operations. To successfully maintain and expand international sales, we may need to establish additional foreign operations, hire additional personnel and recruit additional international resellers. Our international operations are subject to a variety of risks, which could adversely affect the results of our international operations. These risks include:
•compliance with foreign regulatory and market requirements, including the requirement to submit additional technical information for product registration in order to sell in certain countries;
•variability of foreign economic, political, labor conditions and global policy uncertainty, including re-locating operations internationally;
•changing restrictions imposed by regulatory requirements, tariffs or other trade barriers or by U.S. export laws;
•regional data privacy, security, secrecy and related laws that apply to the transmission of and protection of our and our customers’ data across international borders;
•health or similar issues such as pandemic or epidemic;
•difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
•longer accounts receivable payment cycles;
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•potentially adverse tax consequences;
•difficulties in enforcing and protecting intellectual property rights, including increased difficulty as a foreign entity in those international locations;
•providing technical information in order to obtain foreign filing licenses for filing our patent applications in certain countries;
•increased risk of non-compliance by foreign employees, partners, distributors, resellers and agents or other intermediaries with both U.S. and foreign laws, including antitrust regulations, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, U.S. or foreign sanctions regimes and export or import control laws and any trade regulations ensuring fair trade practices;
•burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws;
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic internationally and related legal restrictions imposed in foreign nations;
•expansion of cloud-based products and services may increase risk in countries where cloud computing infrastructures are more susceptible to data intrusions or may be controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments;
•ongoing economic and legal uncertainty, including volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rates and increasingly divergent laws, regulations and licensing requirements between the United Kingdom and the European Union, resulting from the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, often referred to as "Brexit";
•our software and data of our customers being stored in foreign jurisdictions, which could lead to us being required to disclose or provide access to data or intellectual property to a foreign government pursuant to national security or other laws of such foreign jurisdiction; and
•as we generate cash flow in non-U.S. jurisdictions, if required, we may experience difficulty transferring such funds to the U.S. in a tax efficient manner.
Additionally, an increasing number of jurisdictions are imposing data localization laws, which require personal information, or certain subcategories of personal information, to be stored in the jurisdiction of origin. These regulations may deter customers from using cloud-based services such as ours, and may inhibit our ability to expand into those markets or prohibit us from continuing to offer services in those markets without significant additional costs. Specifically, we operate in Russia where there is a local residency requirement for personal data. We do not own or operate servers in Russia. As such, to-date, we have not offered our cloud-based offerings in Russia. Due to the acquisition of Wrike, our employee presence in Russia has increased, thereby adding to our exposure to certain of the risks identified herein, including risks related to the political, security and policy uncertainty between the United States and Russia.
We operate and do business in China. Under the China Cyber Security Law, or CSL, network operators are required to provide technical support and assistance to public and state security authorities in national security and criminal investigations. The law does not provide details on the extent of technical support and assistance that may be required. There is the possibility that network operators may be required to disclose or provide access to information or data communicated or transmitted through the network owned, utilized or managed by the network operator to comply with the support and assistance requirement of the CSL. While we do not consider Citrix to be a network operator, there is the possibility that China could decide to treat Citrix as a network operator, and we would need to comply with this law.
We have had and may, from time to time, enter into strategic partnerships, joint ventures, OEM or similar business relationships with entities in foreign jurisdictions, including governmental or quasi-governmental entities, pursuant to which we may be required to license or transfer certain of our intellectual property rights to such entities. Such relationships could expose us to increased risks inherent in such activities, such as protection of our intellectual property, economic and political risks, and contractual enforcement issues.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate and address these risks. We cannot guarantee that these or other factors will not adversely affect our business or results of operations.
Adverse changes in general global economic conditions could adversely affect our operating results.
As a globally operated company, we are subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in global economic and market conditions. Economic uncertainty and volatility in our significant geographic locations, including the potential impact resulting from "Brexit", a US-China trade war or other international trade disputes, or military conflict may adversely affect sales of our solutions and services and may result in longer sales cycles, slower adoption of technologies and increased price competition. For example, if the U.S. or the European Union countries were to experience an economic downturn, these adverse economic conditions could contribute to a decline in our customers’ spending on our solutions and services. Additionally, in response to economic uncertainty, we expect that many governmental organizations that are current or prospective customers for our solutions and services would cutback spending significantly, which would reduce the amount of government spending on IT and demand for our solutions and services from
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government organizations. Adverse economic conditions also may negatively impact our ability to obtain payment for outstanding debts owed to us by our customers or other parties with whom we do business.
We cannot guarantee that our previously-announced restructuring program will achieve its intended result.
On November 14, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring program that includes, among other things, the elimination of full-time positions, termination of certain contracts, and asset impairments, primarily related to facilities consolidations. We expect to record in the aggregate approximately $130.0 million to $240.0 million in pre-tax restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with the restructuring program. A significant portion of these charges will result in future cash expenditures, and the program is expected to be substantially completed over an approximate eighteen-month period. We cannot guarantee that the restructuring program will achieve or sustain the targeted benefits, or that the benefits, even if achieved, will be adequate to meet our long-term profitability expectations. Risks associated with the restructuring program also include additional unexpected costs, negative impacts on our cash flows from operations and liquidity, employee attrition and adverse effects on employee morale and our potential failure to meet operational and growth targets due to the loss of employees, any of which may impair our ability to achieve anticipated results from operations or otherwise harm our business.
If our customers choose on-premise subscription licenses with short-term durations, our operating results may be adversely affected.
The amount of our recognized revenue depends on several factors, including the average duration of on-premise subscription licenses. If our customers choose licenses with short subscription term durations, operating results may be adversely affected and not meet our investors’ expectations. For example, in the first quarter of 2021, we sought to convert into longer-term subscriptions the expiring limited-use non-renewable, on-premise term licenses issued in 2020 at the onset of the pandemic. However, in the first quarter of 2021, a number of these customers chose to convert the expiring limited-use on-premise term licenses into short-term duration agreements for on-premise licenses. If customers were to choose short-term duration for other on-premise subscription licenses in future periods, we would expect our results of operations to be adversely affected in those periods.
RISKS RELATED TO ACQUISITIONS, STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS AND DIVESTITURES
Acquisitions and divestitures present many risks, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals we anticipate.
We have in the past addressed, and may continue to address, the development of new solutions and services and enhancements to existing solutions and services through acquisitions of other companies, product lines and/or technologies. For example, on February 26, 2021, we completed our previously announced acquisition of Wrike, Inc., a leading provider of SaaS collaborative work management solutions.
Acquisitions, including those of high-technology companies, such as Wrike, are inherently risky. We cannot provide any assurance that any of our acquisitions or future acquisitions will be successful in helping us reach our financial and strategic goals. The risks we commonly encounter in undertaking, managing and integrating acquisitions are:
•an uncertain revenue and earnings stream from the acquired company, which could dilute our earnings;
•difficulties and delays integrating the personnel, operations, technologies, solutions and systems of the acquired companies;
•difficulties operating acquired companies as a stand-alone business, if desired, to further our objectives and strategy;
•undetected errors or unauthorized use of a third-party’s code in solutions of the acquired companies;
•our ongoing business may be disrupted and our management’s attention may be diverted by acquisition, transition or integration activities;
•challenges with implementing adequate and appropriate controls, procedures and policies in the acquired business;
•difficulties managing or integrating an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business;
•potential difficulties in completing projects associated with purchased in-process research and development;
•entry into markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors have stronger market positions and which are highly competitive;
•the potential loss of key employees of the acquired company;
•potential difficulties integrating the acquired solutions and services into our sales channel or challenges selling acquired products;
•assuming pre-existing contractual relationships of an acquired company that we would not have otherwise entered into, the termination or modification of which may be costly or disruptive to our business;
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•being subject to unfavorable revenue recognition or other accounting treatment as a result of an acquired company’s practices;
•potential difficulties securing financing necessary to consummate substantial acquisitions;
•incurring a significant amount of debt to finance an acquisition, which would increase our debt service requirements, expense and leverage;
•issuing shares of our stock, which may be dilutive to our stockholders;
•issuing equity awards to, or assuming existing equity awards of, acquired employees, which may more rapidly deplete share reserves available under our shareholder-approved equity incentive plans;
•intellectual property claims or disputes; and
•litigation arising from the transaction.
Our international presence subjectsfailure to successfully integrate acquired companies due to these or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if we fail to identify and successfully complete and integrate transactions, or successfully operate acquired companies on a stand-alone basis, that further our strategic objectives, we may be required to expend resources to develop products, services and technology internally, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Any future divestitures we make may also involve risks and uncertainties. Any such divestitures could result in disruption to other parts of our business, potential loss of employees or customers, exposure to unanticipated liabilities or result in ongoing obligations and liabilities to us following any such divestiture. For example, in connection with a divestiture, we may enter into transition services agreements or other strategic relationships, including long-term services arrangements, or agree to provide certain indemnities to the purchaser in any such transaction, which may result in additional expense. Further, if we do not realize the expected benefits or synergies of such transactions, our operating results and financial conditions could be adversely affected.
Our acquisition of Wrike involves a number of risks that could harmadversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals we anticipate.
On February 26, 2021, we completed our previously announced acquisition of Wrike, Inc., a leading provider of SaaS collaborative work management solutions, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated January 16, 2021. The acquisition of Wrike, and the ongoing transition of Wrike's business to Citrix's platform, involves certain risks, including:
•our failure to realize the expected benefits or synergies of the Wrike acquisition;
•an uncertain revenue and earnings stream from Wrike, which could dilute our earnings;
•difficulties and delays integrating Wrike’s personnel, operations, technologies, solutions and systems;
•difficulties operating Wrike to further our objectives and strategy;
•undetected errors or unauthorized use of a third-party’s code in Wrike’s solutions;
•our ongoing business may be disrupted and our management’s attention may be diverted by transition or integration activities involving Wrike, which may delay innovation, among other things;
•challenges with implementing adequate and appropriate controls, procedures and policies in Wrike’s business;
•potential difficulties in completing projects associated with Wrike’s in-process research and development;
•difficulty providing complementary solutions that are purchased by our or Wrike’s customers, reaching new users and expanding our customer base, or competing effectively in markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors have stronger market positions and which are highly competitive;
•the potential loss of Wrike’s key employees;
•potential difficulties integrating Wrike’s solutions and services into our sales channel or challenges selling Wrike’s products;
•the assumption of pre-existing contractual relationships of Wrike that we would not have otherwise entered into, the termination or modification of which may be costly or disruptive to our business;
•being subject to unfavorable revenue recognition or other accounting treatment as a result of Wrike’s practices;
•incurring a significant amount of debt to finance the Wrike acquisition, which increased our debt service requirements, expense and leverage;
•issuing equity awards to, and assuming existing equity awards of, Wrike’s employees, which may more rapidly deplete share reserves available under our shareholder-approved equity incentive plans;
•increased exposure to risks related to foreign operations due to the increase in our employee presence in Russia, which could result in the unavailability of key technical talent, cyber security risks, disruption resulting from the transfer of employees moving from current Russia offices to alternative locations, difficulty and expenses associated with identifying alternative and adequate technical talent pools, and other risks related to the political, security and policy uncertainty between the United States and Russia; and
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•litigation arising from the transaction.
Our failure to successfully integrate Wrike, or realize the expected benefits or synergies of the acquisition, due to these or other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may not be able to accelerate our strategy and cloud transition, enhance our growth or accelerate Wrike’s growth expectations, provide complementary solutions that are purchased by our or Wrike’s customers, reach new users and expand our customer base, compete effectively in Wrike’s markets, or realize other expected benefits of the merger if we are unable to successfully integrate and operate Wrike. Specifically, our sales teams' ability to sell Wrike solutions has not yet met our expectations, and we have and may continue to experience slower than expected post-acquisition bookings synergy, as well as higher levels of attrition, which has negatively impacted and may continue to negatively impact, Wrike ARR growth and overall business performance.
If we determine that any of our goodwill or intangible assets, including technology purchased in acquisitions, are impaired, we would be required to take a charge to earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We have a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets, such as product related intangible assets, from our acquisitions. We do not amortize goodwill and intangible assets that are deemed to have indefinite lives. However, we do amortize certain product related technologies, trademarks, patents and other intangibles and we periodically evaluate them for impairment. For instance, as described in Note 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we had intangible asset impairment charges of $19.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2021 related to our previously-announced restructuring program. We review goodwill for impairment annually, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount could exceed fair value, at the reporting unit level, which for us also represents our operating segment. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of our goodwill and intangible assets, including estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates, estimating the applicable tax rates, foreign exchange rates and interest rates, projecting the future industry trends and market conditions, and making other assumptions. Although we believe the assumptions, judgments and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions, judgments and estimates, may materially affect our results of operations. Changes in these estimates and assumptions, including changes in our reporting structure, could materially affect our determinations of fair value. In addition, due to uncertain market conditions and potential changes in our strategy and product portfolio, it is possible that the forecasts we use to support our goodwill and other intangible assets could change in the future, which could result in non-cash charges that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Also, we may make divestitures of businesses in the future. If we determine that any of the intangible assets associated with our acquisitions is impaired or goodwill is impaired, then we would be required to reduce the value of those assets or to write them off completely by taking a charge to current earnings. If we are required to write down or write off all or a portion of those assets, or if financial analysts or investors believe we may need to take such action in the future, our stock price and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Our inability to maintain or develop our strategic and technology relationships could adversely affect our business.
We conduct significanthave several strategic and technology relationships with large and complex organizations, such as Microsoft, Google and other companies with which we work to offer complementary solutions and services. We depend on the companies with which we have strategic relationships to successfully test our solutions, to incorporate our technology into their products and to market and sell those solutions. There can be no assurance we will realize the expected benefits from these strategic relationships or that they will continue in the future. If successful, these relationships may be mutually beneficial and result in industry growth. However, such relationships carry an element of risk because, in most cases, we must compete in some business areas with a company with which we have a strategic relationship and, at the same time, cooperate with that company in other business areas. Also, if these companies fail to perform or if these relationships fail to materialize as expected, we could suffer delays in product development, reduced sales or other operational difficulties and customer support, developmentour business, results of operations and engineering operationsfinancial condition could be materially adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND BRAND RECOGNITION
Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may not be successful, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our source code, innovations and other intellectual property, all of which offer only limited protection. The loss of any material trade secret, trademark, tradename, patent or copyright could have a material adverse effect on our business. Despite our precautions, it could be possible for unauthorized third parties to infringe our intellectual property rights or steal, or misappropriate, copy, disclose or reverse engineer our proprietary information, including certain portions of our solutions or to otherwise obtain and use our proprietary source code. We have sought to protect our intellectual property
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through offensive litigation and may seek other avenues for enforcement or for return on our investment in our patent portfolio, which may be costly and unsuccessful and/or subject us to successful counterclaims or challenges to our intellectual property rights. In addition, our ability to monitor and control theft, misappropriation or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. During the year ended December 31, 2018,If we derived 47.0%cannot protect our intellectual property from infringement and our proprietary source code against unauthorized theft, copying, disclosure or use, we could lose market share, including as a result of unauthorized third parties’ development of solutions and technologies similar to or better than ours.
The scope of our revenues from sales outsidepatent protection may be affected by changes in legal precedent and patent office interpretation of these precedents. Software-based patents are difficult to obtain and enforce in many jurisdictions and there may also be limits on recovery for damages in those jurisdictions. Further, any patents owned by us could be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. Any of our pending or future patent applications, whether or not being currently challenged, may not be issued with the scope of protection we seek, if at all; and if issued, may not provide any meaningful protection or competitive advantage.
Our ability to protect our proprietary rights could be affected by differences in international law and the enforceability of licenses. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Potential growthStates and profitabilityCanada. For example, we derive a significant portion of our sales from licensing our solutions under “click-to-accept” license agreements that are not signed by licensees and through electronic enterprise customer licensing arrangements that are delivered electronically, all of which could requirebe unenforceable under the laws of many foreign jurisdictions in which we license our solutions. Moreover, with respect to the various confidentiality, license or other agreements we utilize with third parties related to their use of our solutions and technologies, there is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements.
Our solutions and services, including solutions obtained through acquisitions, could infringe third-party intellectual property rights, which could result in material litigation costs.
We are routinely subject to patent infringement claims and may in the future be subject to an increased number of claims, including claims alleging the unauthorized use of a third-party’s code in our solutions. This may occur for a variety of reasons, including:
•the expansion of our product lines through product development and acquisitions;
•the volume of patent infringement litigation commenced by non-practicing entities;
•an increase in the number of competitors in our industry segments and the resulting increase in the number of related solutions and services and the overlap in the functionality of those solutions and services;
•an increase in the number of our competitors and third parties that use their own intellectual property rights to limit our freedom to operate and exploit our solutions, or to otherwise block us from taking full advantage of our markets;
•our reliance on the technology of others and, therefore, the requirement to obtain intellectual property licenses from third parties in order for us to further expandcommercialize our international operations. To successfully maintain and expand international sales,solutions or services, which licenses we may neednot be able to establish additional foreignobtain or continue to obtain from these third parties on reasonable terms; and
•the unauthorized or improperly licensed use of third-party code in our solutions.
Further, responding to any infringement claim, regardless of its validity or merit, could result in costly litigation. Intellectual property litigation could compel us to do one or more of the following:
•pay damages (including the potential for treble damages), license fees or royalties (including royalties for past periods) to the party claiming infringement;
•cease selling solutions or services that use the challenged intellectual property;
•obtain a license from the owner of the asserted intellectual property to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or
•redesign the challenged technology, which could be time consuming and costly, or not be accomplished.
If we were compelled to take any of these actions, our business, results of operations hire additional personnelor financial condition may be adversely impacted.
Our use of “open source” software could negatively impact our ability to sell our solutions and recruit additional international resellers. Our international operationssubject us to possible litigation.
The solutions or technologies acquired, licensed or developed by us may incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software into other solutions in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses, including, for example, the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License, the Apache license (version 2), “BSD-style” licenses, “MIT-style” licenses and other open
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source licenses. Even though we attempt to monitor our use of open source software in an effort to avoid subjecting our solutions to conditions we do not intend, it is possible that not all instances of our open source code usage are properly reviewed. Additionally, software purchased through the supply chain may contain open source software of which we are unaware that could present license rights and/or security risk. Further, although we believe that we have complied with our obligations under the various applicable licenses for open source software that we use such that we have not triggered any of these conditions, there is little or no legal precedent governing the interpretation or enforcement of many of the terms of these types of licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations. If our defenses were not successful, we could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the distribution of our solutions that contained open source software, and required to comply with the terms of the applicable license, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our solutions. In addition, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in an unintended manner, under some open source licenses we could be required to publicly release the source code of our proprietary software, offer our solutions that use the open source software for no cost, make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon incorporating or using the open source software, and/or license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license.
In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide technology support, maintenance, warranties or assurance of title or controls on the origin of the software. Open source software may also present risks of unforeseen or unmanaged security vulnerabilities that could potentially unintentionally be introduced into our solutions.
If we lose access to third-party licenses, releases of our solutions could be delayed.
We believe that we will continue to rely, in part, on third-party licenses to enhance and differentiate our solutions. Third-party licensing arrangements are subject to a varietynumber of risks which could adversely affectand uncertainties, including:
•undetected errors or unauthorized use of another person’s code in the resultsthird party’s software;
•disagreement over the scope of our international operations. These risks include:
compliance with foreign regulatorythe license and market requirements;
variability of foreign economic, political, labor conditions and global policy uncertainty;
changing restrictions imposed by regulatory requirements, tariffs or other trade barriers or by U.S. export laws;
regional data privacy laws that apply to the transmission of our customers’ data across international borders;
health or similar issueskey terms, such as pandemicroyalties payable and indemnification protection;
•infringement actions brought by third-parties;
•the creation of solutions by third parties that directly compete with our solutions; and
•termination or epidemic;expiration of the license.
difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
longer accounts receivable payment cycles;
potentially adverse tax consequences;
difficulties in enforcing and protecting intellectual property rights;
compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, including potential violations by acts of agentsIf we lose or other intermediaries;
burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws; and
as we generate cash flow in non-U.S. jurisdictions, if required, we may experience difficulty transferring such fundsare unable to the U.S. in a tax efficient manner.

We are also monitoring developments related to the decision by the British government to leave the European Union (EU) following a referendum in June 2016 in which voters in the United Kingdom approved an exit from the EU (often referred to as “Brexit”), which could have implications for our business. In March 2017, the United Kingdom began the official process to leave the EU by April 2019. There remains considerable uncertainty around the withdrawal. Failure to obtain parliamentary approval ofmaintain any negotiated withdrawal agreement would mean that the United Kingdom would leave the European Union on March 29, 2019, potentially with no agreement. Brexit could lead to economic and legal uncertainty, including significant volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rates, and increasingly divergent laws, regulations and licensing requirements applicable to us as the United Kingdom determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. Any of these effects of Brexit, among others,third-party licenses or are required to modify software obtained under third-party licenses, it could adversely affect our operations and financial results.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to anticipate and address these risks. We cannot guarantee that these or other factors will not adversely affect our business or results of operations.

We rely on indirect distribution channels and major distributors that we do not control.
We rely significantly on independent distributors and resellers to market and distribute our solutions and services. Our distributors generally sell through resellers. Our distributor and reseller base is relatively concentrated. We maintain and periodically revise our sales incentive programs for our independent distributors and resellers, and such program revisions may adversely impact our results of operations. Changes to our sales incentive programs can result from a number of factors, including our transition to a subscription-based business model. Our competitors may in some cases be effective in providing incentives to current or potential distributors and resellers to favor their products or to prevent or reduce salesdelay the release of our solutions. The loss of or reduction in sales to our distributors or resellers could materially reduce our revenues. Further, we could maintain individually significant accounts receivable balances with certain distributors. The financial condition of our distributors could deteriorate and distributors could significantly delay or default on their payment obligations. Any significant delays defaults or terminations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are inOur business depends on maintaining and protecting the processstrength of diversifyingour collection of brands.
The Citrix solution and service brands that we have developed have significantly contributed to the success of our business. Maintaining and enhancing the Citrix solution and service brands is critical to expanding our base of channel relationships by adding and training more channel partners with abilities to reach larger enterprise customers and additional mid-market customerspartners. We may be subject to reputational risks and our brand loyalty may decline if others adopt the same or confusingly similar marks in an effort to sellmisappropriate and profit on our newerbrand name and do not provide the same level of quality as is delivered by our solutions and services. Also, others may rely on false comparative advertising and customers or potential customers could be influenced by false advertising. Additionally, we may be unable to use some of our brands in certain countries or unable to secure trademark rights in certain jurisdictions where we do business. In order to police, maintain, enhance and protect our brands, we may be required to make substantial investments that may not be successful. If we fail to police, maintain, enhance and protect the Citrix brands, if we incur excessive expenses in this effort or if customers or potential customers are confused by others’ trademarks, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR LIQUIDITY, TAXATION AND CAPITAL RETURN
Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are alsomay not have sufficient cash flow from our business to make payments on our debt or repurchase our 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes or 2030 Notes upon certain events.
As of December 31, 2021, we had aggregate indebtedness of $3.33 billion that we have incurred in connection with the issuance of our unsecured senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”), the issuance of our unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2027 (the “2027 Notes”), the issuance of our unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2030 (the “2030 Notes”), under the credit agreement for our unsecured revolving credit facility entered into in November 2019 (the “Credit Agreement”), under the credit
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agreement for our term loan credit facility entered into in February 2020 (the “2020 Term Loan Credit Agreement”), and credit agreement for our term loan credit facility entered into in February 2021 (the “2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement” and, together with the 2020 Term Loan Credit Agreement, the “Term Loan Credit Agreements”).
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, depends on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the process of building relationships with new types of channel partners,future sufficient to service our debt and to make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as systems integratorsselling assets, reducing capital expenditures, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity or debt financing on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness, as applicable, will depend on the capital markets and service providers. our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to sell assets, restructure our indebtedness or obtain additional equity or debt financing on terms that are acceptable to us or at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information regarding our 2030 Notes, 2027 Notes, 2026 Notes, our Credit Agreement and our Term Loan Credit Agreements.
In addition, if a change in control repurchase event occurs with respect to this diversificationthe 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes or the 2030 Notes, we will be required, subject to certain exceptions, to offer to repurchase the 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes or 2030 Notes, as applicable, at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Notes being, repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In such event, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing to fund the required repurchase of the applicable Notes, or making such payments could adversely affect our liquidity. Our ability to repurchase the 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes or 2030 Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our other indebtedness.
Further, we are required to comply with the covenants set forth in the indentures governing the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and 2030 Notes, the Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Credit Agreements. In particular, each of the Credit Agreement and Term Loan Credit Agreements requires us to maintain certain leverage and interest ratios and contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of all or substantially all of our partner base, we will need to maintain a healthy mix of channel members who service smaller customers. We may need to addassets, change our business or incur subsidiary indebtedness. The indenture governing our 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes and remove distribution partners to maintain customer satisfaction, support a steady adoption rate2030 Notes contains covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our solutions,subsidiaries to create certain liens, enter into certain sale and alignleaseback transactions, and consolidate or merge with, or sell, assign, convey, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our transitionassets, taken as a whole, to, a subscription-based business model, which could increase our operating expenses, credit risk, and adversely impact our go-to-market effectiveness. We also bear the risk that our existing or newer channel partners willanother person. If we fail to comply with USthese covenants or international anti-corruption or anti-competition laws, in which case we might be fined or otherwise penalized as a resultany other provision of the agency relationshipagreements governing our indebtedness and do not obtain a waiver from the lenders or noteholders, then, subject to applicable cure periods, our outstanding indebtedness may be declared immediately due and payable. Additionally, a default under an indenture, the Credit Agreement or Term Loan Credit Agreements could lead to a default under the other agreements governing our current and any future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing to repay the indebtedness. 
Our indebtedness, combined with such partners. Through our Citrix Partner Networkother financial obligations and contractual commitments, could have other programs, we are currently investing,important consequences. For example, it could:
•make us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general U.S. and intendworldwide economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation;
•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, continuechanges in our business and our industry;
•place us at a disadvantage compared to invest, significant resourcesour competitors who have less debt; and
•limit our ability to developborrow additional amounts to fund acquisitions, for working capital and for other general corporate purposes.
Any of these channels, whichfactors could materially and adversely impactaffect our business, financial condition and results of operationsoperations. In addition, if such channels do not result in increased revenues.
Our Networkingwe incur additional indebtedness, the risks related to our business could suffer if there are any interruptions or delays in the supply of hardware or hardware components from our third-party sources.
We rely on a concentrated number of third-party suppliers, who provide hardware or hardware components for our Networking products, and contract manufacturers. If we are required to change suppliers, there could be a delay in the supply of our hardware or hardware components and our ability to meetservice or repay our indebtedness would increase. Also, changes by any rating agency to our credit rating may negatively impact the demandsvalue and liquidity of both our debt and equity securities, as well as the potential costs associated with any potential refinancing of our customersindebtedness. Downgrades in our credit rating could also restrict our ability to obtain additional financing in the future and could affect the terms of any such financing.
Finally, in January 2021, we committed to a goal of maintaining our investment grade credit rating and indicated that we plan to return to historical leverage levels within 24 months. If we are unable to achieve these commitments, our ability to obtain additional financing or to re-finance our existing indebtedness in the future, and the terms of any such financing, could be adversely affected. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial
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condition and cash flows as described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, it may also heighten these risks related to servicing our debt.
Our portfolios of liquid securities and other investments may lose value or become impaired.
Our investment portfolio consists of agency securities, corporate securities, money market funds, and government securities. Although we follow an established investment policy and seek to minimize the credit risk associated with investments by investing primarily in investment grade, highly liquid securities and by limiting exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality, we cannot give assurances that the assets in our investment portfolio will not lose value, become impaired, or suffer from illiquidity.
Changes in our tax rates or our exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our operating results and financial condition.
Our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected which could causeby changes in the lossvaluation of Networking salesour deferred tax assets and existingliabilities, the geographic mix of our revenue, or potential customersby changes in tax laws, including changes to U.S. tax law proposed by the Biden administration or the current Congress, or their interpretation. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by tax authorities, including the IRS. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance, however, that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and delayed revenue recognitionfinancial condition. Evolving or revised tax laws and adversely affectregulations globally, including the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) and the 2019 Swiss Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing (“TRAF”), as well as any changes in the application or interpretation by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Swiss federal and cantonal authorities, and other U.S. federal and legislative bodies of these regulations may have an adverse effect on our business or on our results of operations. While we have not, to date, experienced any material difficulties or delays in the manufacture and assembly of our Networking products, our suppliers may encounter problems during manufacturing due to a variety of reasons, including failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, failure to comply with applicable regulations, or the need to implement costly or time-consuming protocols to comply with applicable regulations (including regulations related to conflict minerals), equipment malfunction, natural disasters and environmental factors, any of which could delay or impede their ability to meet our demand.
GENERAL RISKS
We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which could adversely affect our future operating results.
Our results of operations are subject to fluctuations in exchange rates, which could adversely affect our future revenue and overall operating results. In order to minimize volatility in earnings associated with fluctuations in the value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar, we use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to foreign currencies as we deem appropriate for a portion of our expenses, which are denominated in the local currency of our foreign subsidiaries. We generally initiate our hedging of currency exchange risks one year in advance of anticipated foreign currency expenses for those currencies to which we have the greatest exposure. When the dollar is weak, foreign currency denominated expenses will be higher, and these higher expenses will be partially offset by the gains realized from our hedging contracts. If the dollar is strong, foreign currency denominated expenses will be lower. These lower expenses will in turn be partially offset by the losses incurred from our hedging contracts. There is a risk that there will be fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates beyond the one year timeframe for which we hedge our risk and there is no guarantee that we will accurately forecast the expenses we are hedging. Further, a substantial portion of our overseas assets and liabilities are denominated in local currencies. To protect against fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in currency exchange rates when remeasuring our balance sheet, we utilize foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge our exposure to this potential volatility. There is no assurance that our hedging strategies will be effective. In addition, as a result of entering into these contracts with counterparties who are unrelated to us, the risk of a counterparty default exists in fulfilling the hedge contract. Should there be a counterparty default, we could be unable to recover anticipated net gains from the transactions.

RISKS RELATED TO ACQUISITIONS, STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS AND DIVESTITURES
Acquisitions and divestitures present many risks, and we may not realize the financial and strategic goals we anticipate.
We are involved in litigation, investigations and regulatory inquiries and proceedings that could negatively affect us.
From time to time, we are involved in various legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings, claims, demands and investigations relating to our business, which may include claims with respect to commercial, product liability, intellectual property, cybersecurity, privacy, data protection, antitrust, breach of contract, employment, class action, whistleblower, mergers and acquisitions and other matters. In the ordinary course of business, we also receive inquiries from and have discussions with government entities regarding the compliance of our contracting and sales practices with laws and regulations. These matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Allegations made in the past addressed,course of regulatory or legal proceedings may also harm our reputation, regardless of whether there is merit to such claims. Furthermore, because litigation and may continue to address, the developmentoutcome of new solutions and services and enhancements to existing solutions and services through acquisitions of other companies, product lines and/or technologies. However, acquisitions, including those of high-technology companies,regulatory proceedings are inherently risky. We cannot provide any assurance that any of our acquisitions or future acquisitions will be successful in helping us reach our financial and strategic goals. The risks we commonly encounter in undertaking, managing and integrating acquisitions are:
an uncertain revenue and earnings stream from the acquired company, which could dilute our earnings;
difficulties and delays integrating the personnel, operations, technologies, solutions and systems of the acquired companies;
undetected errors or unauthorized use of a third-party’s code in solutions of the acquired companies;
our ongoing business may be disrupted and our management’s attention may be diverted by acquisition, transition or integration activities;
challenges with implementing adequate and appropriate controls, procedures and policies in the acquired business;
difficulties managing or integrating an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business;
potential difficulties in completing projects associated with purchased in-process research and development;
entry into markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors have stronger market positions and which are highly competitive;
the potential loss of key employees of the acquired company;
potential difficulties integrating the acquired solutions and services into our sales channel;
assuming pre-existing contractual relationships of an acquired company that we would not have otherwise entered into, the termination or modification of which may be costly or disruptive to our business;
being subject to unfavorable revenue recognition or other accounting treatment as a result of an acquired company’s practices;
potential difficulties securing financing necessary to consummate substantial acquisitions;
issuing shares of our stock, which may be dilutive to our stockholders; and
intellectual property claims or disputes.
Our failure to successfully integrate acquired companies due to these or other factors could have a material adverse effect onunpredictable, our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any future divestitures we make may also involve risks and uncertainties. Any such divestitures could result in disruption to other parts of our business, potential loss of employeescondition or customers, exposure to unanticipated liabilities or result in ongoing obligations and liabilities to us following any such divestiture. For example, in connection with a divestiture, we may enter into transition services agreements or other strategic relationships, including long-term services arrangements, or agree to provide certain indemnities to the purchaser in any such transaction, which may result in additional expense. Further, if we do not realize the expected benefits or synergies of such transactions, our operating results and financial conditions could be adversely affected.
If we determine that any of our goodwill or intangible assets, including technology purchased in acquisitions, are impaired, we would be required to take a charge to earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We have a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets, such as product related intangible assets, from our acquisitions. We do not amortize goodwill and intangible assets that are deemed to have indefinite lives. However, we do amortize certain product related technologies, trademarks, patents and other intangibles and we periodically evaluate them for impairment. We review goodwill for impairment annually, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount could exceed fair value, at the reporting unit level, which for us also represents our operating segments. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of our goodwill and intangible assets, including estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates, estimating the applicable tax rates, foreign exchange rates and interest rates, projecting the future industry trends and market conditions, and making other assumptions. Although we believe the assumptions, judgments and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions, judgments and estimates, materially affect our results of operations. Changes in these estimates and assumptions, including changes in our reporting structure, could materially affect our determinations of fair value. In addition, due to uncertain market conditions and potential changes in our strategy and product portfolio, it is possible that the forecasts we use to support our goodwill and other intangible assets could change in the future, which could result in non-cash charges that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Also, we may make divestitures of businesses in the future. If we determine that any of the intangible assets associated with our acquisitions is impaired or goodwill is impaired, then we would be required to reduce the value of those assets or to write them off completely by taking a charge to current earnings. If we are required to write down or

write off all or a portion of those assets, or if financial analysts or investors believe we may need to take such action in the future, our stock price and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Our inability to maintain or develop our strategic and technology relationships could adversely affect our business.
We have several strategic and technology relationships with large and complex organizations, such as Microsoft and Google, and other companies with which we work to offer complementary solutions and services. We depend on the companies with which we have strategic relationships to successfully test our solutions, to incorporate our technology into their products and to market and sell those solutions. There can be no assurance we will realize the expected benefits from these strategic relationships or that they will continue in the future. If successful, these relationships may be mutually beneficial and result in industry growth. However, such relationships carry an element of risk because, in most cases, we must compete in some business areas with a company with which we have a strategic relationship and, at the same time, cooperate with that company in other business areas. Also, if these companies fail to perform or if these relationships fail to materialize as expected, we could suffer delays in product development, reduced sales or other operational difficulties and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND BRAND RECOGNITION
Our efforts to protect our intellectual property may not be successful, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our source code, innovations and other intellectual property, all of which offer only limited protection. The loss of any material trade secret, trademark, tradename, patent or copyright could have a material adverse effect on our business. Despite our precautions, it could be possible for unauthorized third parties to infringe our intellectual property rights or misappropriate, copy, disclose or reverse engineer our proprietary information, including certain portions of our solutions or to otherwise obtain and use our proprietary source code. We have sought to protect our intellectual property through offensive litigation, which may be costly and unsuccessful and/or subject us to successful counterclaims or challenges to our intellectual property rights. In addition, our ability to monitor and control such misappropriation or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. If we cannot protect our intellectual property from infringement and our proprietary source code against unauthorized copying, disclosure or use, we could lose market share, including as a result of unauthorized third parties’ development of solutions and technologies similar to or better than ours.
The scope of our patent protection may be affected by changes in legal precedent and patent office interpretation of these precedents. Further, any patents owned by us could be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. Any of our pending or future patent applications, whether or not being currently challenged, may not be issued with the scope of protection we seek, if at all; and if issued, may not provide any meaningful protection or competitive advantage.
Our ability to protect our proprietary rights could be affected by differences in international law and the enforceability of licenses. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property to the same extent as do the laws of the United States and Canada. For example, we derive a significant portion of our sales from licensing our solutions under “click-to-accept” license agreements that are not signed by licensees and through electronic enterprise customer licensing arrangements that are delivered electronically, all of which could be unenforceable under the laws of many foreign jurisdictions in which we license our solutions. Moreover, with respect to the various confidentiality, license or other agreements we utilize with third parties related to their use of our solutions and technologies, there is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements.

Our solutions and services, including solutions obtained through acquisitions, could infringe third-party intellectual property rights, which could result in material litigation costs.
We are routinely subject to patent infringement claims and may in the future be subject to an increased number of claims, including claims alleging the unauthorized use of a third-party’s code in our solutions. This may occur for a variety of reasons, including:
the expansion of our product lines through product development and acquisitions;
the volume of patent infringement litigation commenced by non-practicing entities;
an increase in the number of competitors in our industry segments and the resulting increase in the number of related solutions and services and the overlap in the functionality of those solutions and services;

an increase in the number of our competitors and third parties that use their own intellectual property rights to limit our freedom to operate and exploit our solutions, or to otherwise block us from taking full advantage of our markets;
our reliance on the technology of others and, therefore, the requirement to obtain intellectual property licenses from third parties in order for us to commercialize our solutions or services, which licenses we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain from these third parties on reasonable terms; and
the unauthorized or improperly licensed use of third-party code in our solutions.
Further, responding to any infringement claim, regardless of its validity or merit, could result in costly litigation. Further, intellectual property litigation could compel us to do one or more of the following:
pay damages (including the potential for treble damages), license fees or royalties (including royalties for past periods) to the party claiming infringement;
cease selling solutions or services that use the challenged intellectual property;
obtain a license from the owner of the asserted intellectual property to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or
redesign the challenged technology, which could be time consuming and costly, or not be accomplished.
If we were compelled to take any of these actions, our business, results of operations or financial condition may be adversely impacted.
Our use of “open source” software could negatively impact our ability to sell our solutions and subject us to possible litigation.
The solutions or technologies acquired, licensed or developed by us may incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software into other solutions in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses, including, for example, the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License, “Apache-style” licenses, “Berkeley Software Distribution,” “BSD-style” licenses, and other open source licenses. Even though we attempt to monitor our use of open source software in an effort to avoid subjecting our solutions to conditions we do not intend, it is possible that not all instances of our open source code usage are properly reviewed. Further, although we believe that we have complied with our obligations under the various applicable licenses for open source software that we use such that we have not triggered any of these conditions, there is little or no legal precedent governing the interpretation or enforcement of many of the terms of these types of licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditionsunfavorable resolution of one or more of these licenses, we could be requiredproceedings, claims, demands or investigations.
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Refer to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations. If our defenses were not successful, we could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the distribution of our solutions that contained open source software, and required to comply with the terms of the applicable license, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our solutions. In addition, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in an unintended manner, under some open source licenses we could be required to publicly release the source code of our proprietary software, offer our solutions that use the open source software for no cost, make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon incorporating or using the open source software, and/or license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license.
In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide technology support, maintenance, warranties or assurance of title or controls on the origin of the software.
If we lose access to third-party licenses, releases of our solutions could be delayed.
We believe that we will continue to rely, in part, on third-party licenses to enhance and differentiate our solutions. Third-party licensing arrangements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:
undetected errors or unauthorized use of another person’s code in the third party’s software;
disagreement over the scope of the license and other key terms, such as royalties payable and indemnification protection;
infringement actions brought by third-parties;
the creation of solutions by third parties that directly compete with our solutions; and
termination or expiration of the license.
If we lose or are unable to maintain any of these third-party licenses or are required to modify software obtained under third-party licenses, it could delay the release of our solutions. Any delays could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on maintaining and protecting the strength of our collection of brands.
The Citrix solution and service brands that we have developed have significantly contributed to the success of our business. Maintaining and enhancing the Citrix solution and service brands is critical to expanding our base of customers and partners. We may be subject to reputational risks and our brand loyalty may decline if others adopt the same or confusingly similar marks in an effort to misappropriate and profit on our brand name and do not provide the same level of quality as is delivered by our solutions and services. Also, others may rely on false comparative advertising and customers or potential customers could be influenced by false advertising. Additionally, we may be unable to use some of our brands in certain countries or unable to secure trademark rights in certain jurisdictions where we do business. In order to police, maintain, enhance and protect our brands, we may be required to make substantial investments that may not be successful. If we fail to police, maintain, enhance and protect the Citrix brands, if we incur excessive expenses in this effort or if customers or potential customers are confused by others’ trademarks, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK, OUR DEBT AND EXTERNAL FACTORS
Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to make payments on our debt, settle conversions of our Convertible Notes or repurchase our Convertible Notes or 2027 Notes upon certain events.
We have aggregate indebtedness of approximately $1.90 billion that we have incurred in connection with the issuance of our unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2027, or the 2027 Notes, and our 0.500% Convertible Notes due April 15, 2019, or the Convertible Notes, and under our Credit Agreement, and we may incur additional indebtedness in the future. Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, depends on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and to make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, reducing capital expenditures, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity or debt financing on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness, as applicable, will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to sell assets, restructure our indebtedness or obtain additional equity or debt financing on terms that are acceptable to us or at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 1310 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for information regarding our 2027 Notes, our Convertible Notes and our Credit Facility.
In addition, holdersa description of our Convertible Notes have the right to require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accruedlegal proceedings and unpaid interest, if any. If a change in control repurchase event occurs with respect to the 2027 Notes, we will be required, subject to certain exceptions, to offer to repurchase the 2027 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. Further, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, we are required to make cash payments for each $1,000 in principal amount of Convertible Notes converted of at least the lesser of $1,000 and the sum of the daily conversion values thereunder. In such events, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing to fund the required repurchase of the Convertible Notes or 2027 Notes or make cash payments upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, or making such payments could adversely affect our liquidity. As of October 15, 2018, we had received conversion notices from noteholders with respect to $273.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes requesting conversion. In accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes, in the fourth quarter of 2018 we made cash payments of this aggregate principal amount and delivered 1.3 million newly issued shares of our common stock in respect of the remainder of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being redeemed, in full satisfaction of such converted notes. Commencing on October 15, 2018 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the April 15, 2019 maturity date, holders of the Convertible Notes may convert their notes in their discretion. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes or 2027 Notes or to pay cash upon conversion of the Convertible Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our other indebtedness.
Further, we are required to comply with the covenants set forth in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, the indenture governing the 2027 Notes and the Credit Agreement. In particular, the Credit Agreement requires us to maintain certain leverage and interest ratios and contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, change our business or incur subsidiary indebtedness. The indenture governing our 2027 Notes contains covenants limiting our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to create certain liens, enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions, and consolidate or merge with, or sell, assign, convey, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, taken as a whole, to, another

person. If we fail to comply with these covenants or any other provision of the agreements governing our indebtedness and do not obtain a waiver from the lenders or noteholders, then, subject to applicable cure periods, our outstanding indebtedness may be declared immediately due and payable. Additionally, a default under an indenture or the Credit Agreement could lead to a default under the other agreements governing our current and any future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing to repay the indebtedness. 
Our indebtedness, combined with our other financial obligations and contractual commitments, could have other important consequences. For example, it could:
make us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general U.S. and worldwide economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry;
place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors who have less debt; and
limit our ability to borrow additional amounts to fund acquisitions, for working capital and for other general corporate purposes.
Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we incur additional indebtedness, the risks related to our business and our ability to service or repay our indebtedness would increase. Also, changes by any rating agency to our credit rating may negatively impact the value and liquidity of both our debt and equity securities, as well as the potential costs associated with any potential refinancing of our indebtedness. Downgrades in our credit rating could also restrict our ability to obtain additional financing in the future and could affect the terms of any such financing.
The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.
Under FASB Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, or ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Convertible Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet, and the value of the equity component would be treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Convertible Notes, which will result in non-cash charges to interest expense in our consolidated statement of income. As a result, we will report lower net income in our financial results as reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s coupon interest, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results.
In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of the Convertible Notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, then our diluted earnings per share would be adversely affected. Moreover, the warrants that we issued in connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes would need to be included in the number of diluted shares reported if our stock price increases above the relevant exercise price on an average basis during the applicable period, which would negatively impact our diluted earnings per share.
Our portfolios of liquid securities and other investments may lose value or become impaired.
Our investment portfolio consists of agency securities, corporate securities, money market funds, municipal securities, government securities and commercial paper. Although we follow an established investment policy and seek to minimize the credit risk associated with investments by investing primarily in investment grade, highly liquid securities and by limiting exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality, we cannot give assurances that the assets in our investment portfolio will not lose value, become impaired, or suffer from illiquidity.
Changes in our tax rates or our exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our operating results and financial condition.
Our future effective tax rates could be favorably or unfavorably affected by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, the geographic mix of our revenue, or by changes in tax laws or their interpretation. Significant judgment

is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by tax authorities, including the IRS. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance, however, that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the 2017 Tax Act, as well as new, evolving or revised tax laws and regulations globally, and any changes in the application or interpretation of these regulations may have an adverse effect on our business or on our results of operations. Additionally, the U.S. Treasury Department and other standard-setting bodies will continue to issue guidance and interpret how provisions of the 2017 Tax Act will be administered and applied that may significantly affect our results of operations in the period issued.

There can be no assurance that we will continue to return capital to our stockholders through the payment of cash dividends and/or the repurchase of our stock.
From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes the payment of cash dividends or additional share repurchase authority under our ongoing stock repurchase program as part of our capital return to stockholders. The amount and timing of cash dividends and stock repurchases are subject to capital availability and our determination that such cash dividends or stock repurchases are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all respective laws and our applicable agreements. Our ability to pay cash dividends or repurchase stock will depend upon, among other factors, our cash balances and potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, debt service, capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate purposes, as well as our results of operations, financial condition and other factors that we may deem relevant. Moreover, a reduction in, or the completion of, our stock repurchase program could have a negative effect on our stock price. We can provide no assurance that we will continue to pay cash dividends or repurchase stock at favorable prices, if at all.contingencies.
Our stock price could be volatile, particularly during times of economic uncertainty and volatility in domestic and international stock markets, and you could lose the value of your investment.
Our stock price has been volatile and has fluctuated significantly in the past. The trading price of our stock is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to fluctuations in the future. Your investment in our stock could lose some or all of its value. Some of the factors that could significantly affect the market price of our stock include:
•actual or anticipated variations in operating and financial results, including the failure to meet key operational metrics;
•analyst reports or recommendations;
•rumors, announcements, or press articles regarding our or our competitors’ operations, management, organization, financial condition, or financial statements;
•the Merger, the pendency of the Merger or our failure to complete the Merger; and
•other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.
The stock market in general, The Nasdaq Global Select Market, and the market for software companies and technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. TheseWe believe that these fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to operating performance. These fluctuations may continue in the future and this could materially and adversely affect the market price of our stock, regardless of operating performance.
Changes or modifications in financial accounting standards may have a material adverse impact on our reported results of operations or financial condition.
A change or modification in accounting policies can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. New pronouncements and varying interpretations of existing pronouncements have occurred with frequency and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules, or changes to the interpretations of existing rules, could lead to changes in our accounting practices, and such changes could materially adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.
Natural disasters, climate-related impacts, or other unanticipated catastrophes that result in a disruption of our operations could negatively impact our results of operations.
Our worldwide operations are dependent on our network infrastructure, internal technology systems and website. Significant portions of our computer equipment, intellectual property resources and personnel, including critical resources dedicated to research and development and administrative support functions are presently located at our corporate headquarters in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, an area of the country that is particularly prone to hurricanes, and at our various locations in California, an area of the country that is particularly prone to earthquakes.earthquakes and wildfires. We also have operations in various domestic and international locations that expose us to additional diverse risks. The occurrence of natural disasters, such as extreme weather, hurricanes, floods or earthquakes,earthquakes; pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic; or other unanticipated catastrophes, such as telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks,cyberattacks, fires or terrorist attacks,

at any of the locations in which we or our key partners, suppliers and customers do business, could cause interruptions in our operations. For example, hurricanes have passed through southern Florida causing extensive damage to the region. In addition, even in the absence of direct damage to our operations, large disasters, terrorist attacks, pandemics or other casualty events could have a significant impact on our partners’, suppliers’ and customers’ businesses, which in turn could result in a negative impact on our results of operations. Extensive or multiple disruptions in our operations, or our partners’, suppliers’ or customers’ businesses, due to natural disasters, pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other unanticipated catastrophes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.


ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
We have received no written comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that were issued 180 days or more preceding the end of our 2018 fiscal year that remain unresolved.None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease and sublease office space in the Americas, which is comprised of the United States, Canada and Latin America, EMEA, which is comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and APJ, which is comprised of Asia-Pacific and Japan.
The following table presents the location and square footage of our leased office space as of December 31, 2018:
2021:
Square footage
Americas786,8571,013,312 
EMEA243,382315,178 
APJ636,209636,129 
Total1,666,4481,964,619 
In addition, we own land and buildings in Fort Lauderdale, Florida with approximately 317,000320,000 square feet of office space used for our corporate headquarters and approximately 41,000 square feet of office space in Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom.
We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs. As additional space is needed in the future, we believe that suitable space will be available in the required locations on commercially reasonable terms.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
DueInformation with respect to the naturethis item may be found in Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies-Legal Matters” and Note 19, “Subsequent Events”, to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of our business, wePart II, which are subject to patent infringement claims, including current suits against us or one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries alleging infringementincorporated herein by various Citrix solutions and services. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the allegations made in our pending cases and intend to vigorously defend these lawsuits; however, we are unable currently to determine the ultimate outcome of these or similar matters or the potential exposure to loss, if any. In addition, we are a defendant in various litigation matters generally arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is difficult to predict the ultimate outcomes of these cases, we believe that it is not reasonably possible that the ultimate outcomes will materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.reference.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for Common Stock and Dividend Policy
Our common stock is currently traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CTXS. As of February 8, 2019,7, 2022, there were 471 holders478 holders of recordrecord of our common stock.
We currently intend to retain any earnings for use in our business, for investment in acquisitions to repurchase shares of our common stock, and to pay future dividends. Historically, we have not paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. However, on October 24, 2018,business. On November 4, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.35
$0.37 per share which was paid on December 21, 20182021 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2018. Additionally, on January 23, 2019, we announced2021. The Merger Agreement provides that, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.35 per share. This dividend is payable on March 22, 2019 to all shareholders of record asuntil the closing of the closeMerger or the termination of business on March 8, 2019.
Future dividend declarations, ifthe Merger Agreement, we may not declare, set aside or pay any as well asdividends without the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final
determinationprior written consent of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors will continue to review our capital allocation strategy for potential modifications and will determine whether to pay future dividends on a quarterly basis based on our financial performance, business outlook and other considerations.Parent.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our Board of Directors has authorized an ongoinga stock repurchase program, of which $1.7$1.00 billion was approved in November 2017 and $750.0 million was approved in October 2018. We may use the approved dollar authority to repurchase stock at any time until the approved amount is exhausted.January 2020. The objective of theour stock repurchase program iswas to improve stockholders’ returns.returns and mitigate earnings per share dilution posed by the issuance of shares related to employee equity compensation awards. At December 31, 2018, approximately $767.92021, $625.6 million was available to repurchase common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase program. While the Merger Agreement is in effect, we are prohibited from repurchasing shares of our common stock, including under the stock repurchase program. All shares repurchased arewere recorded as treasury stock. A portion of the funds used to repurchase stock over the course of the program was provided by net proceeds from the Convertible Notes and 2027 Notes offerings, as well as proceeds from employee stock awards and the related tax benefit. We are authorized to make purchases of our common stock using general corporate funds through open market purchases, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in privately negotiated transactions.
The following table shows the monthly activity related to our repurchases of common stock repurchase program for the quarter ended December 31, 2018.
  
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Approximate dollar value of Shares that may yet be
Purchased under the
Plans or Programs
(in thousands)(2)
October 1, 2018 through October 31, 2018 52,998
 $110.35
 —
 $1,147,896
November 1, 2018 through November 30, 2018 1,361,524
 $107.84
 1,297,589
 $1,007,896
December 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018 2,299,135
 $106.71
 2,247,135
 $767,896
Total 3,713,657
 $107.17
 3,544,724
 $767,896
2021.
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
Average
Price Paid
per Share
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Approximate dollar value of Shares that may yet be
Purchased under the
Plans or Programs
(in thousands)(2)
October 1, 2021 through October 31, 202153,154 $107.89 — $625,561 
November 1, 2021 through November 30, 202113,980 $94.94 — $625,561 
December 1, 2021 through December 31, 202141,427 $79.34 — $625,561 
Total108,561 $95.32 — $625,561 
 
(1)Includes approximately 168,933 shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested in the fourth quarter of 2018 to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of restricted stock units.
(2)Shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of such awards do not deplete the dollar amount available for purchases under the repurchase program.
(1)The total number of shares purchased are shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested in the fourth quarter of 2021 to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of restricted stock units.
(2)Shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of such awards do not deplete the dollar amount available for purchases under the repurchase program.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Information about our equity compensation plans is incorporated herein by reference to Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA[RESERVED]
The following selected consolidated financial data is derived from our consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and with Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017(a) 2016(a) 2015(a) 2014(a)
  (In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Income Data:          
Net revenues $2,973,903
 $2,824,686
 $2,736,080
 $2,646,154
 $2,563,064
Cost of net revenues(b)
 433,803
 439,646
 404,889
 474,040
 493,706
Gross margin 2,540,100
 2,385,040
 2,331,191
 2,172,114
 2,069,358
Operating expenses(c)
 1,862,140
 1,814,043
 1,771,027
 1,969,322
 1,894,438
Income from operations 677,960
 570,997
 560,164
 202,792
 174,920
Interest income 40,030
 27,808
 16,686
 11,675
 9,421
Interest expense (80,162) (51,609) (44,949) (44,153) (28,332)
Other (expense) income, net (8,373) 3,150
 (4,131) (5,730) (7,694)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes 629,455
 550,346
 527,770
 164,584
 148,315
Income tax expense (benefit) 53,788
 528,361
 57,915
 (50,549) (18,904)
Income from continuing operations 575,667
 21,985
 469,855
 215,133
 167,219
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense —
 (42,704) 66,257
 104,228
 84,504
Net income (loss) $575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
 $319,361
 $251,723
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:          
Income from continuing operations 3.94
 0.14
 2.99
 1.34
 0.98
(Loss) income from discontinued operations —
 (0.27) 0.42
 0.65
 0.49
Diluted net earnings (loss) per share $3.94
 $(0.13) $3.41
 $1.99
 $1.47
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 145,934
 155,503
 157,084
 160,362
 171,270
           
  December 31,
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  (In thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data(d):
          
Total assets $5,136,049
 $5,820,176
 $6,390,227
 $5,467,517
 $5,512,007
Total equity 551,519
 992,461
 2,608,727
 1,973,446
 2,173,645

(a)
The selected financial data for fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 has been adjusted to be presented on a continuing operations basis. Refer to Note 3 Discontinued Operations in our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(b)Cost of net revenues includes amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets of $47.1 million, $65.7 million, $55.4 million, $127.3 million, and $142.2 million in 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(c)
Operating expenses includes amortization and impairment of other intangible assets of $15.9 million, $17.2 million, $15.1 million, $97.5 million, and $41.9 million in 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Operating expenses also include restructuring charges of $16.7 million, $72.4 million, $67.4 million, $98.7 million and $14.1 million in 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(d)Balance Sheet amounts prior to 2017 include amounts for the GoTo Business. Refer to Note 3 Discontinued Operations in our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.






ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our operating results and financial condition have varied in the past and could in the future vary significantly depending on a number of factors. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties that may cause these differences.
Pending Merger
On January 31, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), with Picard Parent, Inc. (“Parent”), Picard Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”) and, for certain limited purposes detailed in the Merger Agreement, TIBCO Software, Inc. (“TIBCO”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent. Parent and Merger Sub were formed by affiliates of Vista Equity Partners (“Vista”). Vista is partnering with Evergreen Coast Capital Corp. (“Evergreen”), an affiliate of Elliott Investment Management L.P. (“Elliott”), to acquire all of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock (the “Company Common Stock”) for $104.00 per share in cash.The Merger is expected to close mid-year 2022, subject to customary closing conditions, including approval of the Merger Agreement by the Company’s stockholders and receipt of regulatory approvals.
Overview
Citrix aimsis an enterprise software company focused on helping organizations deliver a consistent and secure work experience no matter where work needs to power a better way to work by deliveringget done — in the experience, security, and choice people and organizations need to unlock innovation, engage customers, and be productive - anytime, anywhere.office, at home, or in the field. We do this by delivering a general purpose digital workspace solution that empowers all users withprovides unified, secure,reliable and reliablesecure access to all appswork resources (apps, content, etc.) and simplifies work execution and collaboration across every work channel, device, and location. Our Workspace solutions are complemented by our general work solutions, such as content needed to be productive - anytime, anywhere. We help customers reimaginecollaboration and collaborative work management solutions, and our App Delivery and Security solutions, which deliver the future of work by delivering unified digital workspace, networking,applications and analytics solutions that improve employee experiencedata employees need across any network with security, reliability and productivity, while also simplifying IT’s ability to adopt and manage complex cloud environments.speed.
We market and license our solutions through multiple channels worldwide, including selling through resellers and direct over the Web. Our partner community comprises thousands of value-added resellers, or VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, systems integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs.
Executive Summary

On February 5, 2021, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement”) that provided us with a facility to borrow a term loan (the “2021 Term Loan”) on an unsecured basis in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.00 billion. We borrowed $1.00 billion on February 26, 2021 under the 2021 Term Loan, and the loan matures on February 26, 2024. The proceeds under the 2021 Term Loan were used to finance a portion of the aggregate cash consideration for the Wrike acquisition.
On February 18, 2021, we issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were $741.4 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Net proceeds from this offering were used to fund a portion of the aggregate cash consideration for the Wrike acquisition.
On October 6, 2021, we announced that David J. Henshall stepped down as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors, and that Robert M. Calderoni, our Chairman, was appointed Interim Chief Executive Officer and President. Robert M. Calderoni will continue serving as Chairman of our Board of Directors.
On November 14, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a restructuring program (the “2021 Restructuring Program”) that included, among other things, the elimination of full-time positions, termination of certain contracts, and asset impairments, primarily related to facilities consolidations. We currently expect to record in the aggregate approximately $130.0 million to $240.0 million in pre-tax restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with the restructuring program. The 2021 Restructuring Program is expected to be substantially completed over an estimated eighteen-month period.
As described above, on January 31, 2022, we entered into a definitive Merger Agreement under which affiliates of Vista, a leading global investment firm focused exclusively on enterprise software, data and technology-enabled businesses, and Evergreen, an affiliate of Elliott that focuses on making investments exclusively in technology and technology-enabled services businesses, have agreed to acquire Citrix is poweringin an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $16.5 billion, including the assumption of Citrix debt. See Part I, Item 1A,“Risk Factors” for additional information.
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a better way to work with unified workspace, networking, and analytics solutions that help organizations unlock innovation, engage customers, and boost productivity, without sacrificing security. With Citrix, users get a seamless work experience and IT has a unified platform to secure, manage, and monitor diverse technologies in complex cloud environments. 
Duringsignificant impact on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018,2021. However, we continue to monitor our transitionsupply chain for disruptions and evaluate steps to avoid future impacts that may arise from delays.
The ultimate impact of the cloudCOVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and a subscription-based business model continued to gain momentum, which contributed to our strong financial results. In addition, we have maintained a disciplined approach to spending, while continuing to invest more into demand generationcash flows is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, the severity of the disease and sales capacity in order to support our growth, business model transition, and cloud infrastructure. We accelerated our innovation inoutbreak, the cloud, with the introductionimpact of new services, featuresstrains of the virus, the effectiveness and capabilities in our cloud solutions to build out a comprehensive secure digital workspace. We expect our transition to a subscription-based business model to provide financialavailability of existing or new vaccines, future and operational benefits to Citrix,ongoing actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, including by increasing customer life-time-value, expanding our customer use-cases and innovation opportunities, and extending the useimplementation of Citrix services to securely deliver a broader array of applications, including Web, software-as-a-service (SaaS) apps and services.
On February 2, 2018, we entered into an Accelerated Share Repurchase, or ASR, transaction with a counterparty to pay an aggregate of $750.0 million in exchange forvaccine mandates, the immediate delivery of approximately 6.5 million sharesimpact on the businesses of our common stock based on current market prices. The purchase price per share undercustomers and partners, and the ASR was basedlength of its impact on the volume-weighted average priceglobal economy, which remain uncertain and are difficult to predict at this time. We are conducting business with substantial modifications to employee travel, employee work locations, and virtualization or cancellation of our common stock during the term of the ASR, less a discount. The ASR was entered into pursuant to our existing share repurchase program. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed in April 2018,certain sales and we received delivery of an additional 1.6 million shares of our common stock.
On May 8, 2018, we announced our intention to initiate a quarterly cash dividend beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, subject to declaration by our Board of Directors, as part of our capital return program. On October 24, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a $0.35 per share dividend payable December 21, 2018 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2018. Additionally, on October 24, 2018 we announced that our Board of Directors approved an increase of an additional $750.0 million to our existing share repurchase program.
On January 23, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a $0.35 per share dividend payable March 22, 2019 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2019. Our Board of Directorsmarketing events, among other modifications. We will continue to reviewactively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our capital allocation strategy for potential modifications and willbusiness operations as required by federal, state or local authorities, or that we determine whether to repurchase sharesare in the best interests of our common stock and/employees, customers, partners, suppliers and stockholders. The potential effects of any such alterations or declare future dividends basedmodifications could have an impact on our business, including our customers and prospects, or on our financial performance, business outlookresults.
Cash from operations, accounts receivable and revenues could also be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other considerations.risks detailed in Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors��� of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. While the pandemic has not materially impacted our liquidity and capital resources to date, it has led to increased disruption and volatility in capital markets and credit markets which could adversely affect our liquidity and capital resources in the future.
Reclassifications
Beginning in fiscal year 2018, we revised our presentation of revenue to align with our subscription business model transition as follows: (1) subscription revenue, which includes revenue from our cloud services offerings and on-premise subscriptions as well as revenue from our CSP offerings; (2) product and license revenue from perpetual product offerings; and (3) support and services revenue for perpetual product and license offerings. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the reclassifications described above.

Summary of Results
For the year ended December 31, 20182021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, we delivered the following financial performance:
•Total net revenue decreased 0.6% to $3.22 billion;
•Subscription revenue increased 44.7%39.4% to $455.3$1.55 billion;
•SaaS revenue increased 58.5% to $857.3 million;
•Product and license revenue decreased 4.2%61.5% to $734.5$171.2 million;
•Support and services revenue increased 2.3%decreased 11.0% to $1.78$1.49 billion;
•Gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased 1.0%decreased from 84.6% to 85.4%80.6%;
•Operating income increased 18.7%decreased 61.1% to $678.0$236.6 million;
•Diluted earningsnet income per share increaseddecreased from $0.14$4.00 to $3.94;$2.44; and
Unbilled•Deferred and unbilled revenue increased $258.4$399.0 million to $338.5 million.$3.34 billion.
Also, operating cash flows decreased $264.2 million to $671.7 million when comparing the year ended December 31, 2021 to the year ended December 31, 2020.
Our Subscription revenue increased primarily due to increasedcontinued customer cloud adoption of our cloud-based solutions from our Digital Workspace and Networking offerings delivered via the cloud.cloud, mostly from our Workspace offerings, and an increase in on-premise license demand. Our Product and license revenue decreased primarily due to lower sales of our perpetual Digital Workspace solutions and Networking productsdue to the decision to discontinue the broad availability of new perpetual licenses as customers continued to shift to our cloud-based solutions.of October 1, 2020. The increasedecrease in Support and services revenue was primarily due to increaseddecreased sales of maintenance services, acrossas more of our Digital Workspace perpetual offerings asrevenue is reported in the Subscription revenue line commensurate with our customers have shifted to our Customer Success Service offerings. We currently expect total revenue to increase when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018. In addition, when comparing the 2019 fiscal year to the 2018 fiscal year, we currently expect total revenue to increase.subscription model transition. The increasedecrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to an increase in salesdriven by the end of sale of Workspace perpetual licenses that have historically had a higher gross margin than our Subscription and due to 2017 includingApplication Delivery and Security offerings, as well as the impairment of certain product related intangible assets.Wrike acquisition. The increasedecrease in operating income when comparing 2018 to 2017 was primarily due to a higherdecrease in gross margin driven byand an increase in salesoperating expenses, primarily due to the Wrike acquisition and restructuring activities. The decrease in diluted net income per share was primarily due to lower intangible asset amortization,operating income and higher interest expense, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses. The increase in diluted earnings per share when comparing 2018 to 2017 was primarily due to an increase in operating margin, and a decrease in income tax expense, as well asbenefit.
2021 Business Combination
On February 26, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), we completed the acquisition of Wrangler Topco, LLC (“Wrangler”), the parent entity of Wrike, a decreaseleader in the numberSaaS collaborative work management space, for approximately $2.07 billion (the “Purchase Consideration”). The Purchase Consideration consists of weighted average shares outstanding duea base purchase price of $2.25 billion and is subject to share repurchases. These increases were partially offset by an increase in interest expense
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certain adjustments as provided for under the related Agreement and Plan of Merger dated January 16, 2021 (the “Wrike Agreement”). The addition of Wrike’s cloud-delivered capabilities was intended to expand our 2027 Notes.
2018 Business Combinations
Sapho, Inc.
On November 13, 2018,collaborative work management capabilities. Under the Wrike Agreement, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of Sapho, Inc. (“Sapho”), whose technologyWrangler. Wrike revenue is intended to advanceincluded in our developmentWorkspace product grouping.
Under the terms of the intelligent workspace. The acquired technology enables efficient workstylesWrike Agreement, we assumed certain unvested stock options held by creating a unifiedWrike employees and customizable notification experience for business applications. The total preliminary cash consideration for this transaction was $182.9 million, netconverted them into options to purchase 526,113 shares of $3.7 million cash acquired. Transaction costs associatedour common stock. Of these assumed awards, 180,003 options continued with the acquisitionsame monthly vesting conditions under which they were not significant.
Cedexis, Inc.
On February 6, 2018, we acquired alloriginally granted. The majority of the issued and outstanding securities of Cedexis, Inc. (“Cedexis”) whose solution is a real-time data driven service for dynamically optimizing the flow of traffic across public clouds and data centers that provides a dynamic and reliable wayremaining assumed options were reset to route and manage Internet performance for customers moving towards hybrid and multi-cloud deployments. The total cash consideration for this transaction was $66.0 million, net of $6.0 million cash acquired. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not significant.primarily cliff vest on December 31, 2021 or annually over two years.
We haveincurred $19.8 million of expenses related to the Wrike acquisition, of which $16.5 million and $3.3 million were expensed during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and are included in General and administrative expense in the effectaccompanying consolidated statements of income. We also integrated certain operating processes into our internal control environment during the 2018 business combinations inyear ended December 31, 2021.
See Note 6 to our resultsconsolidated financial statements for additional details regarding our acquisition of operations prospectively from the date of acquisition.Wrike.
2017 Business Combination
On January 3, 2017, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding securities of Unidesk Corporation (“Unidesk”). We acquired Unidesk to enhance our application management and delivery offerings. The total cash consideration for this transaction was $60.4 million, net of $2.7 million cash acquired. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not significant.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,

liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. We base these estimates on our historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and these estimates form the basis for our judgments concerning the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We periodically evaluate these estimates and judgments based on available information and experience. Actual results could differ from our estimates under different assumptions and conditions. If actual results significantly differ from our estimates, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially impacted.
We believe that the accounting policies described below are critical to understanding our business, results of operations and financial condition because they involve more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact our consolidated financial statements. We have discussed the development, selection and application of our critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and our independent auditors, and our Audit Committee has reviewed our disclosure relating to our critical accounting policies and estimates in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this AnnualAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies, other than updates related to the adoption of the new revenue standard. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for more information related to revenue recognition.
Revenue Recognition
We generate all of our revenues from contracts with customers. At contract inception, we assess the solutions or services, or bundles of solutions and services, obligated in the contract with a customer to identify each performance obligation within the contract, and then evaluate whether the performance obligations are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. Solutions and services that are not both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract are combined and treated as a single performance obligation in determining the allocation and recognition of revenue.
The standalone selling price is the price at which we would sell a promised product or service separately to the customer. For the majority of our software licenses and hardware, CSP and on-premise subscription software licenses, we use the observable price in transactions with multiple performance obligations. For the majority of our support and services, and cloud-hosted subscription offerings, we use the observable price when we sell that support and service and cloud-hosted subscription separately to similar customers. If the standalone selling price for a performance obligation is not directly observable, we estimate it. We estimate the standalone selling price by taking into consideration market conditions, economics of the offering and customers’ behavior. We maximize the use of observable inputs and apply estimation methods consistently in similar circumstances. We allocate the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.
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Revenues are recognized when control of the promised products or services are transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. See Note 2 and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for further information on our revenue recognition.
Valuation and Classification of Investments
The authoritative guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). Our available-for-sale debt investments are measured to fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, we hold direct investments in privately-held companies which are accounted for at cost, less impairment plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. These investments are periodically reviewed for impairment and when indicators of impairment exist and are measured to fair value as appropriate on a non-recurring basis. We also hold equity interests in certain private equity funds which are accounted for under the net asset value practical expedient. The net asset value of these investments is determined using quarterly capital statements from the funds which are based on our contributions to the funds, allocation of profit and loss and changes in fair value of the underlying fund investments. In determining the fair value of our investments, we are sometimes required to use various alternative valuation techniques. The authoritative guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.

The authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1, observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2, inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly, and Level 3, unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires us to develop our own assumptions. Observable inputs are those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability that are based on market data obtained from independent sources, such as market quoted prices. When Level 1 observable inputs for our investments are not available to determine their fair value, we must then use other inputs which may include indicative pricing for securities from the same issuer with similar terms, yield curve information, benchmark data, prepayment speeds and credit quality or unobservable inputs that reflect our estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the investments based on the best information available in the circumstances. When valuation techniques, other than those described as Level 1 are utilized, management must make estimations and judgments in determining the fair value for its investments. The degree to which management’s estimation and judgment is required is generally dependent upon the market pricing available for the investments, the availability of observable inputs, the frequency of trading in the investments and the investment’s complexity. If we make different judgments regarding unobservable inputs, we could potentially reach different conclusions regarding the fair value of our investments.
After we have determined the fair value ofThe allowance for credit losses on our investments for those that are in available-for-sale debt securities is determined using a quantitative discounted cash flow analysis if impairment triggers exist after a qualitative screen is completed. Impairment on available-for-sale debt securities is determined on an unrealized loss position, we must then determine ifindividual security basis and the investmentsecurity is other-than-temporarily impaired. We review our investments quarterly for indicators of other-than-temporary impairment. This determination requires significant judgment and if different judgments are used, the classification of the losses relatedsubject to our investments could differ. In making this judgment, we employ a systematic methodology that considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of our investments. If the carrying value of an available-for-sale investment exceedswhen its fair value we evaluate, among other factors, general market conditions, the duration and extent to whichdeclines below its amortized cost basis. If the fair value is less than carrying value, our intentthe amortized cost basis, management must then determine whether it intends to retain or sell the investment, andsecurity or whether it is more likely than not that weit will not be required to sell the investmentsecurity before it recovers its value. If we intend to sell the recovery ofsecurity or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the impaired security before it recovers its amortized cost basis, which may not be until maturity. We also consider specific adverse conditions relatedvalue, a credit loss is recorded to the financial health of and business outlook for the issuer, including industry and sector performance, rating agency actions and changes in credit default swap levels. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded an other than temporary impairment of $4.6 million of certain available-for-sale securities, which was included in Other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. If we do not intend to sell the security, nor will we more-likely-than-not be required to sell the security before the security recovers its value, we must then determine whether the loss is due to credit loss or other factors. For impairment indicators due to credit loss factors, we establish an allowance for credit losses with a charge to Other income, net. For impairment indicators due to other factors, we record the loss with a charge to Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
For our investments in privately-held companies accounted for at cost, less impairment plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, we periodically review for impairment and observable price changes on a quarterly basis, and adjust the carrying value accordingly. See Notes 54 and 65 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and “Liquidity and Capital Resources”2021 for more information on our investments.
Intangible Assets
We have product related technology assets and other intangible assets from acquisitions and other third party agreements. We allocate the purchase price of intangible assets acquired through third party agreements based on their estimated relative fair values. We allocate a portion of the purchase price of acquired companies to the product related technology assets and other intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. We typically engage third party appraisal firms to assist us in determining the fair values and useful lives of product related technology assets and other intangible assets acquired. Such valuations and useful life determinations require us to make significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates are based
40

on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in determining the fair value and useful lives of the product related technology assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows earned from the product related technology and discount rates applied in determining the present value of those cash flows. Critical estimates in valuing certain other intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from customer contracts, customer retention rates, customer lists, royalty rates, distribution agreements, patents, brand awareness and market position, as well as discount rates.
Management's estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.
We monitor acquired intangible assets for impairment on a periodic basis by reviewing for indicators of impairment. If an indicator exists, we compare the estimated net realizable value to the unamortized costcarrying value of the intangible asset.asset as of the reporting period. The recoverability of the intangible assets is primarily dependent upon our ability to commercialize solutions utilizing the acquired technologies, retain existing customers and customer contracts, and maintain brand awareness. The estimated net realizable value of the acquired intangible assets is based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows derived from such intangible assets. Our assumptions about future revenues and expenses require significant judgment associated with the forecast of the performance of our solutions, customer retention rates and ability to secure and maintain our market position. Actual revenues

and costs could vary significantly from these forecasted amounts. If these solutions are not ultimately accepted by our customers and distributors, and there is no alternative future use for the technology; or if we fail to retain acquired customers or successfully market acquired brands, we could determine that some or all of the remaining $167.2$760.3 million carrying value of our acquired intangible assets is impaired. In the event of impairment, we would record an impairment charge to earnings that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Goodwill
The excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities from our acquisitions is recorded as goodwill. At December 31, 2018,2021, we had $1.8$3.40 billion in goodwill related to our acquisitions.s under one reportable unit. Our revenues are derived from sales of our Digital Workspace solutions and NetworkingApp Delivery and Security products, and related support. During 2018, we initiated an effort to streamline and simplify our product branding and packaging, which included naming updates to the portfolio to provide clarity on our offerings and unify our sales motions. The change resulted in the consolidation of our Content Collaboration product group with Workspace Services and renaming the new product group Digital Workspace. As a result, our two reporting units (Enterprise and Service Provider and Content Collaboration) were combined into one, consistent with how management reviews the operating results of the business. In connection with this change, we performed a qualitative goodwill assessment of the reporting units and determined there were no indicators of impairment during the third quarter of 2018. The change in reporting units did not result in a reallocation of goodwill or a change in reportable segments. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for additional information regarding our reportable segment.
We account for goodwill in accordance with FASB’sthe Financial Accounting Standards Board's authoritative guidance, which requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test. We complete our goodwill and certain intangible assets impairment tests on an annual basis, during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently, if changes in facts and circumstances indicate that an impairment in the value of goodwill and certain intangible assets recorded on our balance sheet may exist.
In the fourth quarter of 2018,2021, we performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether further quantitative impairment testing for goodwill and certain intangible assets is necessary, and we refer to this assessment as the Qualitative Screen. In performing the Qualitative Screen, we are required to make assumptions and judgments including but not limited to the following: the evaluation of macroeconomic conditions as related to our business, industry and market trends, and the overall future financial performance of our reporting unitsunit and future opportunities in the markets in which they operate.it operates. If after performing the Qualitative Screen impairment indicators are present, we would perform a quantitative impairment test to estimate the fair value of goodwill and certain intangible assets. In doing so, we would estimate future revenue, consider market factors and estimate our future cash flows. Based on these key assumptions, judgments and estimates, we determine whether we need to record an impairment charge to reduce the value of the goodwill and certain intangible assets carried on our balance sheet to itstheir estimated fair value. Assumptions, judgments and estimates about future values are complex and often subjective and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy or our internal forecasts. Although we believe the assumptions, judgments and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions, judgments and estimates could materially affect our results of operations. As a result of the Qualitative Screen, no further quantitative impairment test was deemed necessary. There was no impairment of goodwill as a result of the annual impairment tests completed during the fourth quarters of 20182021 and 2017.2020.
Income Taxes
We are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate as part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2018,2021, we had $121.9$410.2 million in net deferred tax assets. The authoritative guidance requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We review deferred
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tax assets periodically for recoverability and make estimates and judgments regarding the expected geographic sources of taxable income and gains from investments, as well as tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. At December 31, 2018,2021, we determined that an $85.4a $122.5 million valuation allowance relating to deferred tax assets for net operating losses and tax credits was necessary. If the estimates and assumptions used in our determination change in the future, we could be required to revise our estimates of the valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets and adjust our provisions for additional income taxes.
In the ordinary course of global business, there are transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; thus judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. We provide for income taxes on transactions based on our estimate of the probable liability. We adjust our provision as appropriate for changes that impact our underlying

judgments. Changes that impact provision estimates include such items as jurisdictional interpretations on tax filing positions based on the results of tax audits and general tax authority rulings. Due to the evolving nature of tax rules combined with the large number of jurisdictions in which we operate, it is possible that our estimates of our tax liability and the realizability of our deferred tax assets could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The 2017 Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. tax code by, in part but not limited to: reducing the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and imposing a mandatory one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, modifying executive compensation deduction limitations, and repealing the deduction for domestic production activities. The SEC staff acknowledged the challenges companies face incorporating the effects of tax reform by their financial reporting deadlines. In response, on December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, or SAB 118, to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. We completed the accounting for the tax effects of all of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act within the required measurement period and as a result recorded adjustments to the previous provisional amounts. Adjustments of $26.3 million were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018, which include a tax benefit of $21.9 million related to the finalization of the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of foreign income and a tax benefit of $4.4 million related to the finalization of the remeasurement of the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%.

Convertible Senior Notes
In April 2014, we completed a private placement of our Convertible Notes due 2019 with a net share settlement feature, meaning that upon conversion, the principal amount will be settled in cash and the remaining amount, if any, will be settled in cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. In accordance with accounting guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash or other assets on conversion, we first determine the carrying amount of the liability component by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated equity component. Then we determine the carrying amount of the equity component represented by the embedded conversion option by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the initial proceeds ascribed to the convertible debt instrument as a whole. Debt discount and debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method.
In accounting for the settlement of the Convertible Notes upon early conversions, we allocated the fair value of the settlement consideration remitted to the noteholders between the liability and equity components. The portion of the settlement consideration allocated to the extinguishment of the liability component was based on the fair value of that component immediately before extinguishment. A loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the difference between the consideration allocated to the liability component and the sum of the carrying amount of the liability component and any unamortized debt issuance costs. Additionally, upon settlement of the converted principal, we derecognized the related unamortized discount and issuance costs. We allocated the remaining settlement consideration to the reacquisition of the equity component and recognized this amount as a reduction of Stockholders' equity.
The following discussion relating to the individual financial statement captions, our overall financial performance, operations and financial position should be read in conjunction with the factors and events described in “— Overview” and Part 1 – Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors,” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which could impact our future performance and financial position.



Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of income data and presentation of that data as a percentage of change from year-to-year (in thousands other than percentages):
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
Revenues:         
Subscription$455,276
 $314,735
 $245,606
 44.7 % 28.1 %
Product and license734,495
 766,777
 810,975
 (4.2) (5.4)
Support and services1,784,132
 1,743,174
 1,679,499
 2.3
 3.8
Total net revenues2,973,903
 2,824,686
 2,736,080
 5.3
 3.2
Cost of net revenues:         
Cost of subscription, support and services266,495
 250,602
 228,080
 6.3
 9.9
Cost of product and license revenues120,249
 123,356
 121,391
 (2.5) 1.6
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets47,059
 65,688
 55,418
 (28.4) 18.5
Total cost of net revenues433,803
 439,646
 404,889
 (1.3) 8.6
Gross margin2,540,100
 2,385,040
 2,331,191
 6.5
 2.3
Operating expenses:
 
      
Research and development439,984
 415,801
 395,373
 5.8
 5.2
Sales, marketing and services1,074,234
 1,006,112
 976,339
 6.8
 3.0
General and administrative315,343
 302,565
 316,838
 4.2
 (4.5)
Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets15,854
 17,190
 15,076
 (7.8) 14.0
Restructuring16,725
 72,375
 67,401
 (76.9) 7.4
Total operating expenses1,862,140
 1,814,043
 1,771,027
 2.7
 2.4
Income from continuing operations677,960
 570,997
 560,164
 18.7
 1.9
Interest income40,030
 27,808
 16,686
 44.0
 66.7
Interest expense(80,162) (51,609) (44,949) 55.3
 14.8
Other (expense) income, net(8,373) 3,150
 (4,131) (365.8) (176.3)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes629,455
 550,346
 527,770
 14.4
 4.3
Income tax expense53,788
 528,361
 57,915
 (89.8) 812.3
Income from continuing operations$575,667
 $21,985
 $469,855
 2,518.5
 (95.3)
(Loss) income from discontinued operations—
 (42,704) 66,257
 (100.0) (164.5)
Net income (loss)$575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
 (2,878.4)% (103.9)%
Revenues
Net revenues include Subscription, Product and license and Support and services revenues.
Subscription revenue relates to fees which are generally recognized ratably over the contractual term, and primarily consists of fees related to our Digital Workspace and Networking offerings. Our Digital Workspace and Networking subscriptions may be delivered via a cloud service, an on-premise license or in a hybrid cloud service and are inclusive of the related support as applicable. For our hybrid and on-premise subscription offerings, a portion of the revenue is recognized at a point in time. In addition, our CSP program provides subscription-based services in which the CSP partners host software services to their end users. The fees from the CSP program are recognized based on usage and as the CSP services are provided to their end users.
Product and license revenue primarily represents fees related to the perpetual licensing of the following major solutions:
Digital Workspace is primarily comprised of our Application Virtualization solutions which include Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, our unified endpoint management solutions, which include Citrix Endpoint Management, Citrix Content Collaboration, and Citrix Workspace; and

Networking products, which primarily include Citrix ADC and Citrix SD-WAN.
We offer incentive programs to our VADs and VARs to stimulate demand for our solutions. Product and license revenues associated with these programs are partially offset by these incentives to our VADs and VARs.
Support and services revenue consists of maintenance and support fees related to the following offerings:
Customer Success Services, which gives customers a choice of tiered support offerings that combine the elements of product version upgrades, guidance, enablement, support and proactive monitoring to help our customers and our partners fully realize their business goals. Fees associated with this offering are recognized ratably over the term of the contract; and
Hardware Maintenance fees for our perpetual Networking products, which include technical support and hardware and software maintenance, are recognized ratably over the contract term; and
Fees from consulting services related to the implementation of our solutions, which are recognized as the services are provided; and
Fees from product training and certification, which are recognized as the services are provided.
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Revenues:         
Subscription$455,276
 $314,735
 $245,606
 $140,541
 $69,129
Product and license734,495
 766,777
 810,975
 (32,282) (44,198)
Support and services1,784,132
 1,743,174
 1,679,499
 40,958
 63,675
Total net revenues$2,973,903
 $2,824,686
 $2,736,080
 $149,217
 $88,606
Subscription
Subscription revenue increased during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to increased customer adoption of our cloud-based solutions from our Digital Workspace offerings of $99.1 million and Networking offerings of $41.4 million delivered via the cloud. Also contributing to the increase is the upfront recognition of on-premise subscription revenue during fiscal year 2018 under the new revenue accounting guidance. Subscription revenue increased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to increased customer adoption of our cloud-based solutions from our Digital Workspace offerings of $61.5 million and from our Networking offerings of $7.6 million. We currently expect our Subscription revenue to increase when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018 as customers continue to shift to our cloud-based solutions.
Product and license
Product and license revenue decreased during 2018 when compared to 2017 primarily due to lower sales of our perpetual Digital Workspace solutions of $22.8 million and lower sales of our perpetual Networking products of $9.5 million as customers continue to shift to our cloud-based solutions. Product and license revenue decreased during 2017 when compared to 2016 due to lower sales of our perpetual Networking products of $23.3 million and lower sales of our perpetual Digital Workspace solutions of $21.2 million. We currently expect Product and license revenue to decrease when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018 due to our continued transition to a subscription-based business model as customers continue to shift to our cloud-based solutions.
Support and services
Support and services revenue increased during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to increased sales of maintenance revenues from our Customer Success Services offerings. Support and services revenue increased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to increased sales of maintenance revenues from our Customer Success Services offerings of $39.9 million and higher sales of our maintenance revenues for our Networking products of $23.3 million. We currently expect Support and services revenue to increase when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018.
Deferred Revenue, Unbilled Revenue and Backlog
Deferred revenues are primarily comprised of Support and services revenue from maintenance fees, which include software and hardware maintenance, technical support related to our perpetual offerings and services revenue related to our


consulting contracts. Deferred revenues also include Subscription revenue from our Digital Workspace and cloud-based subscription offerings. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized in our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income as the revenue recognition criteria are met.
Unbilled revenue primarily represents contractually committed future billings under our subscription agreements that have not been invoiced and, accordingly, are not recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenue within our consolidated financial statements.
Deferred revenue and unbilled revenue are influenced by several factors, including seasonality within the year, the specific timing, size and duration of customer subscription agreements, varying billing cycles of subscription agreements, and invoice timing. Fluctuations in unbilled revenue may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and the related revenue associated with these contractual commitments.
The following table presents the amounts of deferred and unbilled revenue (in thousands):
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 2018 compared to 2017
Deferred revenue$1,834,572
 $1,864,243
 $(29,671)
Unbilled revenue338,463
 80,074
 258,389

Deferred revenues decreased approximately $29.7 million as of December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 primarily due to the $99.9 million cumulative effect adjustment from adoption of the new revenue recognition accounting standard, partially offset by an increase of $79.4 million related to increased customer adoption of our cloud-based subscription offerings. Unbilled revenue increased primarily due to an increase in multi-year subscription agreements as a result of an increase in customer adoption of our cloud-based subscription offerings. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for detailed information related to our adoption of the new revenue standard.

While it is generally our practice to promptly ship our products upon receipt of properly finalized orders, at any given
time, we have confirmed product license orders that have not shipped and are unfulfilled. We refer to those unfulfilled product
license orders at the end of a given period as “product and license backlog.” As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the amount of
product and license backlog was not material. We do not believe that backlog, as of any particular date, is a reliable indicator of
future performance.
International Revenues
International revenues (sales outside the United States) accounted for approximately 47.0% of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 46.3% of our net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The change in our international revenues as a percentage of our net revenues for the periods presented is not significant. For detailed information on international revenues, please refer to Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Cost of Net Revenues
 Year Ended December 31,2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Cost of subscription, support and services$266,495
 $250,602
 $228,080
 $15,893
 $22,522
Cost of product and license revenues120,249
 123,356
 121,391
 (3,107) 1,965
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets47,059
 65,688
 55,418
 (18,629) 10,270
Total cost of net revenues$433,803
 $439,646
 $404,889
 $(5,843) $34,757

Cost of subscription, support and services revenues consists primarily of compensation and other personnel-related costs
of providing technical support, consulting and cloud capacity costs, as well as the costs related to providing our offerings delivered via the cloud. Cost of product and license revenues consists primarily of hardware, shipping expense, royalties, product media and duplication, manuals and packaging materials. Also included in Cost of net revenues is amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets.


Cost of subscription, support and services revenues increased during 2018 when compared to 2017 primarily due to an increase in sales of our subscription offerings of $17.8 million and professional services of $5.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in costs of providing technical support of $7.4 million, primarily due to reductions in headcount. Cost of subscription, support and services revenues increased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to an increase in sales of our software maintenance of $12.8 million from our Customer Success Services offering, and an increase in sales of our Digital Workspace offerings delivered via the cloud of $7.9 million. We currently expect Cost of subscription, support and services revenues to increase when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018, consistent with the expected increases in Subscription revenue and Support and services revenue as discussed above.

Cost of product and license revenues decreased during 2018 when compared to 2017 primarily due to lower overall sales of our perpetual Networking products, which contain hardware components that have a higher cost than our software products. Cost of product and license revenues increased during 2017 when compared to 2016 primarily due to royalties from our
Digital Workspace solutions. We currently expect Cost of product and license revenues to decrease when comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2018.
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets decreased during 2018 as compared to 2017 primarily due to the impairments of certain acquired intangible assets in 2017. Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets increased during 2017 as compared to 2016 primarily due to the impairments of certain acquired intangible assets in 2017.
Gross Margin
Gross margin as a percent of revenue was 85.4% for 2018, 84.4% for 2017 and 85.2% for 2016. Gross margin increased during 2018 as compared to 2017 primarily due to the impairment of certain product related intangible assets in 2017. Gross margin remained consistent when comparing 2017 to 2016.
Operating Expenses
Foreign Currency Impact on Operating Expenses
The functional currency for all of our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. A substantial majority of our overseas operating expenses and capital purchasing activities are transacted in local currencies and are therefore subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In order to minimize the impact on our operating results, we generally initiate our hedging of currency exchange risks up to 12 months in advance of anticipated foreign currency expenses. When the dollar is weak, the resulting increase to foreign currency denominated expenses will be partially offset by the gain in our hedging contracts. When the dollar is strong, the resulting decrease to foreign currency denominated expenses will be partially offset by the loss in our hedging contracts. Conversely, if the dollar is strong, foreign currency denominated expenses will be lower. These lower expenses will in turn be partially offset by the losses incurred from our hedging contracts. There is a risk that there will be fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates beyond the timeframe for which we hedge our risk.
Research and Development Expenses
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Research and development$439,984
 $415,801
 $395,373
 $24,183
 $20,428

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, facility and equipment costs and
cloud capacity costs directly related to our research and development activities. We expense substantially all development costs included in the research and development of our solutions.
Research and development expenses increased during 2018 as compared to 2017 primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation of $18.8 million and an increase in cloud capacity costs of $9.0 million.
Research and development expenses increased during 2017 as compared to 2016 primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation of $8.7 million, an increase in compensation and other employee-related costs of $8.6 million, and an increase in cloud capacity costs of $7.1 million. The increase in compensation and other employee-related costs was primarily related to a net increase in headcount prior to the restructuring program announced in October 2017 intended to accelerate the transformation to a cloud-based subscription business, increase strategic focus, and improve operational efficiency. These increases are partially offset by a decrease in facility and equipment costs of $3.7 million.

Sales, Marketing and Services Expenses
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Sales, marketing and services$1,074,234
 $1,006,112
 $976,339
 $68,122
 $29,773
Sales, marketing and services expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, including sales commissions, pre-sales support, the costs of marketing programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as brand development, advertising, trade shows, public relations and other market development programs and costs related to our facilities, equipment, information systems and pre-demonstration related to cloud capacity costs that are directly related to our sales, marketing and services activities.
Sales, marketing and services expenses increased during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to an increase in compensation and other employee-related costs of $46.4 million due to an increase in sales headcount from our investment in sales capacity and demand generation, an increase in marketing programs of $24.8 million and an increase stock-based compensation of $17.2 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation of $31.1 million mostly as a result of accounting for contract acquisition costs under the new revenue accounting guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2018. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for detailed information related to our adoption of the new revenue standard.
Sales, marketing and services expenses increased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to an increase in compensation and other employee-related costs, including variable compensation of $35.1 million resulting from a net increase in headcount, and an increase in cloud capacity costs of $10.8 million. The increase in compensation and other employee-related costs was primarily related to a net increase in headcount prior to the restructuring program announced in October 2017 intended to accelerate the transformation to a cloud-based subscription business, increase strategic focus, and improve operational efficiency. These increases are partially offset by a decrease in certain facility and depreciation costs of $14.9 million.
General and Administrative Expenses
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
General and administrative$315,343
 $302,565
 $316,838
 $12,778
 $(14,273)
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs and expenses related to outside consultants assisting with information systems, as well as accounting and legal fees.
General and administrative expenses increased during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to an increase in professional fees of $8.7 million and an increase in facilities costs of $3.5 million.
General and administrative expenses decreased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to a decrease in compensation and other employee-related costs of $11.5 million and a decrease in stock-based compensation of $5.1 million.
Amortization and Impairment of Other Intangible Assets
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets$15,854
 $17,190
 $15,076
 $(1,336) $2,114
Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets consists of amortization of customer relationships, trade names and covenants not to compete primarily related to our acquisitions.
Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets decreased when comparing 2018 to 2017 primarily due to impairments of certain intangible assets related to certain non-core products during 2017. Amortization and impairment of other


intangible assets increased when comparing 2017 to 2016 primarily due to impairments of certain intangible assets related to certain non-core products during 2017.
As of December 31, 2018, we had unamortized other identified intangible assets with estimable useful lives in the net amount of $23.0 million. For more information regarding our acquisitions see, “— Overview” and Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Restructuring Expenses
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Restructuring$16,725
 $72,375
 $67,401
 $(55,650) $4,974
During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we incurred costs of $2.5 million and $53.7 million, respectively, related to initiatives intended to accelerate the transformation to a cloud-based subscription business, increase strategic focus, and improve operational efficiency. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed by the end of 2018.
In connection with our restructuring initiatives, we had previously vacated or consolidated properties and subsequently reassessed our obligations on non-cancelable leases. The fair value estimate of these non-cancelable leases is based on the contractual lease costs over the remaining term, partially offset by estimated future sublease rental income. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we incurred costs of $14.2 million related to the consolidation of leased facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we incurred costs of $8.1 million related to operational initiatives designed to improve infrastructure scalability and cost saving efficiencies. The charges primarily related to employee severance. No costs were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The charges related to employee severance were substantially completed as of the first quarter of 2018; however, we could continue to incur lease losses related to the consolidation of leased facilities during fiscal year 2019.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we incurred costs of $1.9 million and $44.5 million, respectively, primarily related to our announced plan in November 2015 to simplify our enterprise go-to-market motion and roles while improving coverage, reflect changes in our product focus, and balance resources with demand across our marketing, general and administration areas. Total costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2018 were not material. The charges are primarily related to employee severance, outplacement, professional service fees, and facility closing costs. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed as of the end of the first quarter of 2016.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we recorded charges of $8.7 million and $24.0 million, respectively, related to our announced plan in January 2015 to increase strategic focus and operational efficiency. Total costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2018 were not material. The charges primarily related to the severance and other costs directly related to the reduction of our workforce and consolidation of leased facilities. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed by the end of 2015.
For more information regarding our restructuring see Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
2019 Operating Expense Outlook
When comparing the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2018, we currently expect operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars with respect to sales, marketing and services expenses due to our continued investment in demand generation, sales capacity in order to support growth and transition and cloud infrastructure. We expect an increase in absolute dollars with respect to research and development expenses as we invest more in innovation capacity, as well as an increase in absolute dollars in general and administrative expenses.
Interest income
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Interest income$40,030
 $27,808
 $16,686
 $12,222
 $11,122

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investment balances. Interest income increased during 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to higher yields on investments as a result of an increase in interest rates. Interest income increased during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to overall higher average cash, cash equivalents and investment balances and higher yields on investments as a result of an increase in interest rates. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for investment information.
Interest Expense
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Interest expense$(80,162) $(51,609) $(44,949) $(28,553) $(6,660)
Interest expense primarily consists of interest paid on our Convertible Notes, 2027 Notes and credit facility.
When comparing 2018 and 2017, the increase is primarily due to borrowings related to our 2027 Notes. When comparing 2017 to 2016, the increase is primarily due to the issuance of our 2027 Notes in 2017. For more information regarding our debt, see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Other (Expense) Income, net
 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017 2017 Compared to 2016
 2018 2017 2016  
 (In thousands)
Other (expense) income, net$(8,373) $3,150
 $(4,131) $(11,523) $7,281
Other (expense) income, net is primarily comprised of remeasurement of foreign currency transaction gains (losses), realized losses related to changes in the fair value of our investments that have a decline in fair value considered other-than-temporary and recognized gains (losses) related to our investments, which was not material for all periods presented.
The change in Other (expense) income, net when comparing 2018 to 2017 is primarily driven by realized losses in our available-for-sale investment portfolio of $6.3 million, mostly due to a decline in fair value considered other-than-temporary and an increase in net losses on remeasurement and settlement of foreign currency transactions of $3.7 million. The change in Other income (expense), net when comparing 2017 to 2016 is primarily driven by an increase in net gains on remeasurement and settlements of foreign currency transactions.
Income Taxes
We are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate as part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements. We maintain certain strategic management and operational activities in overseas subsidiaries and our foreign earnings are taxed at rates that are generally lower than in the United States.
On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law effective January 1, 2018. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. tax code by, in part but not limited to: reducing the U.S. corporate maximum tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposing a mandatory one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, modifying executive compensation deduction limitations, and repealing the deduction for domestic production activities. Under Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, we must recognize the effects of tax law changes in the period in which the new legislation is enacted.
We are subject to tax in the U.S. and in multiple foreign tax jurisdictions. Our U.S. liquidity needs are currently satisfied using cash flows generated from our U.S. operations, borrowings, or both. We also utilize a variety of tax planning strategies in an effort to ensure that our worldwide cash is available in locations in which it is needed. Prior to 2017, we did not recognize a deferred tax liability related to undistributed foreign earnings of our subsidiaries because such earnings were considered to be indefinitely reinvested in our foreign operations, or were remitted substantially free of U.S. tax. Under the 2017 Tax Act, all foreign earnings are subject to U.S. taxation. As a result, we expect to repatriate a substantial portion of our foreign earnings over time, to the extent that the foreign earnings are not restricted by local laws or result in significant incremental costs associated with repatriating the foreign earnings.


The SEC staff acknowledged the challenges companies face incorporating the effects of tax reform by their financial reporting deadlines. In response, on December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. During the period ended December 31, 2018, we completed the accounting for the tax effects of all of the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act within the required measurement period and as a result recorded adjustments to the previous provisional amounts.
Our effective tax rate was approximately 8.5% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 96.0% for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate when comparing the year ended December 31, 2018 to the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to accounting for the estimated tax impact of the 2017 Tax Act and the separation of the GoTo Business. Specifically, results from 2017 include a $364.6 million provisional income tax charge for the transition tax on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income, and a $64.8 million provisional income tax charge for the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities because of the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%. We also recorded a $48.6 million income tax charge to establish a valuation allowance primarily due to a change in expectation of realizability of state R&D credits arising from the separation of the GoTo Business. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a tax benefit of $21.9 million related to the finalization of the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of foreign income and a tax benefit of $4.4 million related to the finalization of the remeasurement of the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%.
As of December 31, 2018, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled approximately $89.9 million compared to $77.8 million as of December 31, 2017. All amounts included in this balance affect the annual effective tax rate. As of the year ended December 31, 2018, we accrued $3.9 million for the payment of interest on uncertain tax positions.
We and one or more of our subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income taxes in the United States, as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. We are not currently under examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service. With few exceptions, we are generally not subject to examination for state and local income tax, or in non-U.S. jurisdictions by tax authorities for years prior to 2015.
On July 24, 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the U.S. Tax Court’s unanimous decision in Altera v. Commissioner, where the Tax Court held the Treasury regulation requiring participants in a qualified cost sharing arrangement share stock-based compensation costs to be invalid. On August 7, 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, on its own motion, withdrew its July 24, 2018 opinion to allow time for the reconstituted panel to confer. Given the increased uncertainty as to the Ninth Circuit's eventual ruling and the impact it will have on the Internal Revenue Service’s ability to challenge the technical merits of our position, we accrued amounts for this uncertain tax position as of the year ended December 31, 2018.
In the ordinary course of global business, there are transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; thus judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. We provide for income taxes on transactions based on our estimate of the probable liability. We adjust our provision as appropriate for changes that impact our underlying judgments. Changes that impact provision estimates include such items as jurisdictional interpretations on tax filing positions based on the results of tax audits and general tax authority rulings.rulings. Due to the evolving nature of tax rules combined with the large number of jurisdictions in which we operate, it is possible that our estimates of our tax liability and the realizability of our deferred tax assets could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition andor cash flows.
As
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Results of Operations
In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 which was filed with the SEC on February 8, 2021.
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of income data and presentation of that data as a percentage of change from year-to-year (in thousands other than percentages):
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
Revenues:
Subscription$1,553,775 $1,114,798 $650,810 39.4 %71.3 %
Product and license171,186 444,437 583,474 (61.5)(23.8)
Support and services1,492,209 1,677,465 1,776,280 (11.0)(5.6)
Total net revenues3,217,170 3,236,700 3,010,564 (0.6)7.5 
Cost of net revenues:
Cost of subscription, support and services453,755 389,612 310,255 16.5 25.6 
Cost of product and license revenues79,927 76,152 102,452 5.0 (25.7)
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets91,395 32,782 51,340 178.8 (36.1)
Total cost of net revenues625,077 498,546 464,047 25.4 7.4 
Gross profit2,592,093 2,738,154 2,546,517 (5.3)7.5 
Operating expenses:
Research and development581,600 538,080 518,877 8.1 3.7 
Sales, marketing and services1,194,657 1,224,377 1,132,956 (2.4)8.1 
General and administrative409,630 352,109 320,429 16.3 9.9 
Amortization of other intangible assets66,263 2,799 15,890 *(82.4)
Restructuring103,323 11,981 22,247 *(46.1)
Total operating expenses2,355,473 2,129,346 2,010,399 10.6 5.9 
Income from operations236,620 608,808 536,118 (61.1)13.6 
Interest income1,232 3,108 18,280 (60.4)(83.0)
Interest expense(91,793)(64,687)(45,974)41.9 40.7 
Other income, net21,088 7,651 1,076 **
Income before income taxes167,147 554,880 509,500 (69.9)8.9 
Income tax (benefit) expense(140,352)50,434 (172,313)**
Net income$307,499 $504,446 $681,813 (39.0)%(26.0)%
* Not meaningful

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Revenues
Net revenues include Subscription, Product and license and Support and services revenues.
Subscription revenue relates to fees for SaaS, which are generally recognized ratably over the contractual term, and non-SaaS, which are generally recognized at a point in time. SaaS primarily consists of subscriptions delivered via a cloud-hosted service whereby the customer does not take possession of the software, hybrid subscription offerings and the related support. Non-SaaS consists primarily of on-premise licensing, hybrid subscription offerings, CSP services and the related support. Our hybrid subscription offerings are allocated between SaaS and non-SaaS. In addition, our CSP program provides subscription-based services in which the CSP partners host software services to their end users. The fees from the CSP program are recognized based on usage and as the CSP services are provided to their end users.
Product and license revenue represents fees related to the perpetual licensing of our solutions, primarily our App Delivery and Security products, which are recognized at a point in time. In October 2020, we discontinued broad availability of perpetual licenses for Citrix Workspace.
We offer incentive programs to our VADs and VARs to stimulate demand for our solutions. Product and license and Subscription revenues associated with these programs are partially offset by these incentives to our VADs and VARs.
Support and services revenue consists of maintenance and support fees primarily related to our perpetual offerings and include the following:
•Customer Success Services, which gives customers a choice of tiered support offerings that combine the elements of technical support, product version upgrades, guidance, enablement and proactive monitoring to help our customers and our partners fully realize their business goals. Fees associated with this offering are recognized ratably over the term of the contract; and
•Hardware Maintenance fees for our perpetual App Delivery and Security products, which include technical support and hardware and software maintenance, are recognized ratably over the contract term; and
•Fees from consulting services related to the implementation of our solutions, which are recognized as the services are provided; and
•Fees from product training and certification, which are recognized as the services are provided.
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Revenues:
Subscription$1,553,775 $1,114,798 $650,810 $438,977 $463,988 
Product and license171,186 444,437 583,474 (273,251)(139,037)
Support and services1,492,209 1,677,465 1,776,280 (185,256)(98,815)
Total net revenues$3,217,170 $3,236,700 $3,010,564 $(19,530)$226,136 
Subscription
Subscription revenue increased during 2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to continued customer adoption of our solutions delivered via the cloud of $316.5 million, primarily from our Workspace offerings, which include the Wrike acquisition. There was also an increase in on-premise subscription license revenue of $122.4 million, comprised of increases in revenue from our Workspace offerings of $71.6 million, and our App Delivery and Security offerings of $50.8 million.
Product and license
Product and license revenue decreased during 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to lower sales of our perpetual Workspace solutions as a result of our decision to discontinue the broad availability of new perpetual licenses for Citrix Workspace beginning October 1, 2020.

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Support and services
Support and services revenue decreased when comparing 2021 to 2020 primarily due to a decrease in sales of maintenance services across our Workspace perpetual offerings of $128.3 million and App Delivery and Security perpetual offerings of $39.9 million, as more of the revenue is reported in the Subscription revenue line commensurate with our subscription model transition.
Deferred Revenue, Unbilled Revenue and Backlog
Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of Support and services revenue from maintenance fees, which include software and hardware maintenance, technical support related to our perpetual offerings and services revenue related to our consulting contracts. Deferred revenue also includes Subscription revenue from our cloud-based subscription offerings and our on-premise subscription offerings.
Deferred revenue consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized in our consolidated balance sheets and statements of income as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Unbilled revenue primarily represents future billings under our subscription agreements that have not been invoiced and, accordingly, are not recorded in accounts receivable or deferred revenue within our consolidated financial statements. Deferred revenue and unbilled revenue are influenced by several factors, including new business seasonality within the year, the specific timing, size and duration of customer subscription agreements, annual billing cycles of subscription agreements, and invoice timing. Fluctuations in unbilled revenue may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and the related revenue associated with these contractual commitments.
The following table presents the amounts of deferred and unbilled revenue (in thousands):
December 31, 2021December 31, 20202021 vs. 2020
Deferred revenue$2,037,593 $1,902,576 $135,017 
Unbilled revenue1,300,048 1,036,072 263,976 

Deferred revenues increased approximately $135.0 million as of December 31, 2018, we had $121.9 million in net deferred tax assets. The authoritative guidance requires a valuation allowance2021 compared to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We review deferred tax assets periodically for recoverability and make estimates and judgments regarding the expected geographic sources of taxable income and gains from investments, as well as tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2018, we determined that an $85.4 million valuation allowance relating to deferred tax assets for net operating losses and tax credits was necessary. If the estimates and assumptions used in our determination change in the future, we could be required to revise our estimates of the valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets and adjust our provisions for additional income taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
During 2018, we generated continuing operating cash flows of $1.04 billion. These operating cash flows related primarily to net income from continuing operations of $575.7 million, adjusted for, among other things, non-cash charges, stock-based compensation expense of $203.6 million, depreciation and amortization expenses of $141.9 million and amortization of debt discount and transaction costs of $39.1 million. Also contributing to these cash inflows was a change in operating assets and liabilities of $30.3 million, net of effects of acquisitions. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily a result of changes in deferred revenue of $69.5 million, accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $37.0 million mostly due to employee-related accruals, and changes in net accounts receivable of $18.7 million driven by an increase in collections from higher bookings. These inflows were partially offset by an outflow in net income taxes of $57.0 million due a decrease in income taxes payable and an increase in prepaid taxes, and changes in other assets of $33.6 million2020 primarily due to an increase in capitalized commissionsdeferred subscription revenue of $382.4 million, which includes the Wrike acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in deferred maintenance and support revenue of $251.6 million, mostly from Workspace perpetual software maintenance. Unbilled revenue as of December 31, 2021 increased $264.0 million from December 31, 2020 primarily due to increased customer adoption of multi-year subscription agreements.
While it is generally our practice to promptly ship our products upon receipt of properly finalized orders, at any given time, we have confirmed product license orders that have not shipped and are wholly unfulfilled. Backlog includes the aggregate amounts we expect to recognize as point in time revenue in the following quarter associated with contractually committed amounts for on-premise subscription software licenses, as well as confirmed product license orders that have not shipped and are wholly unfulfilled. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the amount of backlog was not material. We do not believe that backlog, as of any particular date, is a reliable indicator of future performance.
International Revenues
International revenues (sales outside the United States) accounted for 49.7% and 50.5% of our net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change in our international revenues as a percentage of our net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was not significant. For detailed information on international revenues, please refer to Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

45

Cost of Net Revenues
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Cost of subscription, support and services$453,755 $389,612 $310,255 $64,143 $79,357 
Cost of product and license revenues79,927 76,152 102,452 3,775 (26,300)
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets91,395 32,782 51,340 58,613 (18,558)
Total cost of net revenues$625,077 $498,546 $464,047 $126,531 $34,499 
Cost of subscription, support and services revenues consists primarily of compensation and other personnel-related costs of providing technical support, consulting and cloud capacity costs, as well as the costs related to providing our offerings delivered via the cloud and hardware costs related to certain on-premise subscription offerings. Cost of product and license revenues consists primarily of hardware, shipping expense, royalties, product media and duplication, manuals and packaging materials. Also included in cost of net revenues is amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets.
Cost of subscription, support and services revenues increased during 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to higher costs of providing our offerings delivered via the cloud, which include the Wrike acquisition.
Cost of product and license revenues increased during 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to higher costs related to our App Delivery and Security perpetual products, which contain hardware components that have a higher cost than our software products.
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets increased during 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to acquired intangibles in connection with the Wrike acquisition of $49.1 million and the impairment of Sapho Inc. technology of $19.4 million in 2021, partially offset by decreases due to fully amortized developed technology intangible assets of $10.3 million.
For more information regarding our intangible asset impairments and Wrike acquired intangible assets, see Notes 2 and 6, respectively, to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Gross Margin
Gross margin as a percent of revenue was 80.6% for 2021 and 84.6% for 2020. The change in gross margin as a percent of revenue was primarily driven by the end of sale of Workspace perpetual licenses as of October 1, 2020 that have historically had a higher gross margin than our Subscription and Application Delivery and Security offerings, as well as the Wrike acquisition.
Operating Expenses
Foreign Currency Impact on Operating Expenses
The functional currency for all of our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. A substantial majority of our overseas operating expenses and capital purchasing activities are transacted in local currencies and are therefore subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In order to minimize the impact on our operating results, we generally initiate our hedging of currency exchange risks up to 12 months in advance of anticipated foreign currency expenses. Generally, when the dollar is weak, foreign currency denominated expenses will be higher, and these higher expenses will be partially offset by the gains realized from our hedging contracts. Conversely, if the dollar is strong, foreign currency denominated expenses will be lower. These lower expenses will in turn be partially offset by the losses incurred from our hedging contracts. There is a risk that there will be fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates beyond the time frame for which we hedge our risk.
46

Research and Development Expenses
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Research and development$581,600 $538,080 $518,877 $43,520 $19,203 
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs and facility and equipment costs directly related to our research and development activities. We expensed substantially all development costs included in the research and development of our products.
Research and development expenses increased during 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to increases in compensation and other employee-related costs of $26.5 million as a result of higher headcount, in part due to the new revenue standard. Our continuing operations investing activities provided $132.2Wrike acquisition, stock-based compensation of $7.1 million and an increase in professional services fees of cash consisting$5.7 million.
Sales, Marketing and Services Expenses
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Sales, marketing and services$1,194,657 $1,224,377 $1,132,956 $(29,720)$91,421 
Sales, marketing and services expenses consist primarily of net proceeds from investmentspersonnel related costs, including sales commissions, pre-sales support, the costs of $456.9marketing programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as brand development, advertising, trade shows, public relations and other market development programs and costs related to our facilities, equipment, information systems and pre-sale demonstration related cloud capacity costs that are directly related to our sales, marketing and services activities.
Sales, marketing and services expenses decreased during 2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to a decrease in variable compensation of $70.6 million, as the comparative period included higher amounts driven by demand of limited-use licenses. This decrease was partially offset by cash paid for acquisitionsincreases in marketing programs of $248.9$23.0 million, related to higher demand generation costs, professional services fees of $12.8 million, and cash paid for the purchasecompensation and other employee-related costs of property$7.9 million.
General and equipmentAdministrative Expenses
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
General and administrative$409,630 $352,109 $320,429 $57,521 $31,680 
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of $69.4 million. Our continuing operations financing activities used cash of $1.66 billion,personnel related costs and expenses related to outside consultants assisting with information systems, as well as accounting and legal fees.
General and administrative expenses increased during 2021 compared to 2020 primarily due to stock repurchasesincreases in stock-based compensation of $1.26 billion, payments on early redemptions$22.9 million, transaction costs related to the Wrike acquisition of convertible notes of $273.0 million, cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards of $71.6$13.2 million, and cash dividends paidprofessional services fees of $12.3 million.
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Amortization of other intangible assets$66,263 $2,799 $15,890 $63,464 $(13,091)
Amortization of other intangible assets consists of amortization of customer relationships, trade names and covenants not to compete primarily related to our acquisitions.
The increase in Amortization of other intangible assets when comparing 2021 to 2020 was primarily due to acquired intangible assets in connection with the Wrike acquisition.
For more information regarding our Wrike acquired intangible assets, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on common stockForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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Restructuring Expenses
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Restructuring$103,323 $11,981 $22,247 $91,342 $(10,266)
Restructuring expenses increased during 2021 compared to 2020, primarily due to the 2021 Restructuring Program, which resulted in increases in employee severance and related costs of $46.8 million.
During 2017, we generated continuing operating cash flows of $964.3 million. These operating cash flows related primarily to income from continuing operations of $22.0 million, adjusted for, among other things, non-cash charges, depreciation and amortization expenses of $170.0 million, stock-based compensation expense of $165.1 million, deferred
income tax expense of $94.2$63.9 million and amortizationright-of-use asset impairments of debt discount and transaction costs of $38.3$12.0 million. Also contributing to thesethe increase are other asset impairments of $15.4 million in 2021.
For more information regarding restructuring programs, see Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Interest income
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Interest income$1,232 $3,108 $18,280 $(1,876)$(15,172)
Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our cash, inflows was a change in operating assetscash equivalents and liabilities of $470.5 million, net of effects of acquisitions.investment balances. The change in interest income during 2021 as compared to 2020 was not significant. For more information regarding our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily a result of changesinvestments, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included in net income taxes of net of $318.8 million due to tax reform, and changes in deferred revenue of $174.4 million. Our continuing operations investing activities used $60.0 million of cash consisting primarily of cash paid for net purchases of investments of $86.4 million, cash paidthis Annual Report on Form 10-K for the purchaseyear ended December 31, 2021.
Interest Expense
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Interest expense$(91,793)$(64,687)$(45,974)$(27,106)$(18,713)
Interest expense primarily consists of propertyinterest paid on our 2026 Notes, 2027 Notes and equipment of $80.9 million, cash paid for acquisitions of $60.4 million,2030 Notes, 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, Term Loan Credit Agreement and cash paid for licensing agreementsour credit facility. When comparing 2021 and technology of $7.4 million. Our continuing operations financing activities used cash of $694.4 million2020, the increase is primarily due to stock repurchases of $1.17 billion, amounts paid for, but not settled under our accelerated stock repurchase program of $150.0 million, cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards of $80.0 millionand the transfer of cash to the GoTo Business resulting from the separation of $28.5 million. This financing cash outflow was partially offset by proceeds by proceeds from the 2027 Notes of $741.0 million, net of issuance costs.
Senior Notes
On November 15, 2017, we issued $750.0 million of the 2027 Notes. The 2027 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 4.500% per annum. Interest on the 2027 Notes is due semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2018. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $741.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Net proceeds from this offering were used to repurchase shares of our common stock through an ASR transaction which we entered intodebt incurred in connection with the ASR counterparty on November 13, 2017. The 2027 Notes will mature on December 1, 2027, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. We may redeem the 2027 Notes atWrike acquisition.
For more information regarding our option at any time in whole or from time to time in part prior to September 1, 2027 at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments under such 2027 Notes, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Among other terms, under certain circumstances, holders of the 2027 Notes may require us to repurchase their 2027 Notes upon the occurrence of a change of control prior to maturity for cash at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Seedebt, see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for additional details2021.
Other income, net
 Year Ended December 31,2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Other income, net$21,088 $7,651 $1,076 $13,437 $6,575 
Other income, net is primarily comprised of gains (losses) from remeasurement of foreign currency transactions and non-designated hedges, sublease income, realized losses related to changes in the fair value of our investments that have a decline in fair value and recognized gains (losses) related to our investments.
The change in Other income, net when comparing 2021 to 2020 is primarily due to recognized gains on our strategic investments of $16.9 million, partially offset by losses from remeasurement of foreign currency transactions of $5.3 million.
Income Taxes
We are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the 2027 Notes.
Credit Facility
On January 7, 2015, we entered into a credit agreement, or the Credit Agreement, with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto from time to time collectively, the Lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a $250.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility for a term of five years, ofjurisdictions in which we have drawnoperate as part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements. We maintain certain strategic management and repaid $165.0 million duringoperational activities in overseas subsidiaries and our foreign earnings are taxed at rates that are generally lower than in the United States.
Our effective tax rate generally differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to tax credits and lower tax rates on earnings generated by our foreign operations that are taxed primarily in Switzerland.
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Our effective tax rate was approximately (84.0)% for the year ended December 31, 2017. As of2021 and 9.1% for the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no outstanding borrowings under this Credit Agreement and2020. The decrease in the entire $250.0effective tax rate when comparing the year ended December 31, 2021 to the year ended December 31, 2020, was primarily due to an income tax benefit of $120.4 millioncredit line remains available for borrowing. We may elect due to increasefinal rulings issued by the revolving credit facility by upSwiss taxing authorities that provided revised guidance related to $250.0 million if existing or new lenders provide additional revolving commitments in accordance with the termscertain provisions of the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capitalFederal Act on Tax Reform and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bearAHV Financing (“TRAF”).

interest at a rate equalWe are subject to either (a) a customary London interbank offered rate formula or (b) a customary base rate formula, plus the applicable margin with respect thereto, in each case as set forthtax in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement requires usU.S. and in multiple foreign tax jurisdictions. Our U.S. liquidity needs are currently satisfied using cash flows generated from our U.S. operations, borrowings, or both. We also utilize a variety of tax planning strategies in an effort to maintainensure that our worldwide cash is available in locations in which it is needed. We expect to repatriate a consolidated leverage ratio of not more than 3.5:1.0 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.0:1.0. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, with corresponding grace periods in certain circumstances, including, without limitation, payment defaults, cross-defaults, the occurrence of a change of control and bankruptcy-related defaults. The lenders under the credit agreement are entitled to accelerate repayment of the loans under the Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any of the events of default. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict our ability to grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of all or substantially allsubstantial portion of our assets, change our business and incur subsidiary indebtedness,foreign earnings over time, to the extent that the foreign earnings are not restricted by local laws or result in each case subject to customary exceptions for a credit facility of this size and type. In addition,significant incremental costs associated with repatriating the Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties. foreign earnings. See Note 1311 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for additional details on our Credit Agreement.income tax information.
Convertible Senior Notes
In April 2014, we completed a private placement of $1.44 billion principal amount of 0.500% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, or the Convertible Notes. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $1.42 billion (including the proceeds from the Over-Allotment Option), after deducting the initial purchasers’ discountsLiquidity and commissions and the offering expenses payable by us. We used approximately $82.6 million of the net proceeds to pay the cost of certain bond hedges entered into in connection with the offering (after such cost was partially offset by the proceeds to us from certain warrant transactions).Capital Resources
We used the remainder of the net proceeds from the offering and a portion of our existing cash and investments to purchase an aggregate of approximately $1.5 billion of our common stock under our share repurchase program. We purchased approximately $101.0 million of our common stock from certain purchasers of the Convertible Notes in privately negotiated transactions concurrently with the closing of the offering, and purchased approximately $1.4 billion of our common stock through an accelerated share repurchase transaction in 2014, which we entered into with Citibank, N.A., or Citibank, on April 25, 2014.
The last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on September 30, 2018 was greater than or equal to $93.48 (130% of the conversion price) on each applicable trading day. As a result, each holder of our Convertible Notes had the right to convert any portion of their Convertible Notes (in minimum denominations of $1,000 in principal amount or an integral multiple thereof) during the fourth quarter of 2018. The sales price condition was also met for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. As of October 15, 2018, we received conversion notices from noteholders with respect to $273.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes requesting conversion as a result of the sales price condition having been met. Accordingly, in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes, in the fourth quarter of 2018, we made cash payments of this aggregate principal amount and delivered 1.3 million newly issued shares of our common stock in respect of the remainder of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being redeemed, in full satisfaction of such converted notes. We received shares of our common stock under the Bond Hedges that offset the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. In addition, on or after October 15, 2018 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the April 15, 2019 maturity date, holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to convert their notes at any time, regardless of whether the sales price condition is met. Any conversions with respect to conversion notices received by us on or after October 15, 2018 will settle on the maturity date. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding balance, net of discount, of $1.16 billion of the Convertible Notes is included current liabilities and the difference between the face value and carrying value of $8.1 million was is included in temporary equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for additional details on the Convertible Notes and the related bond hedges and warrant transactions.
Historically, significant portions of our cash inflows were generated by our operations. We currently expect this trend to continue in 2019. We believe that our existing cash and investments together with cash flows expected from operations will be sufficient to meet expected operating and capital expenditure requirements and service our short term debt obligations (including repayment of the Convertible Notes on the maturity date) for the next 12 months. We continue to search for suitable acquisition candidates and could acquire or make investments in companies we believe are related to our strategic objectives. We could from time to time continue to seek to raise additional funds through the issuance of debt or equity securities for larger acquisitions, potential redemption of our Convertible Notes and for general corporate purposes.


Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
December 31,2021 vs. 2020
20212020
 (In thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and investments$541,933 $891,373 $(349,440)

 December 31, 2018 Compared to 2017
 2018 2017 
 (In thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and investments$1,776,700
 $2,731,974
 $(955,274)
Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents and investments. The decrease in cash, cash equivalents and investments at December 31, 20182021 as compared to December 31, 2017,2020, is primarily due to cash paid for stock repurchases of $1.26 billion, repayments on early conversion of our Convertible Notes of $273.0 million, cash paid for acquisitions,the Wrike acquisition, net of cash acquired of $248.9$2.02 billion, repayment of Wrike acquired debt of $190.0 million, cash dividends paid on our common stock of $183.8 million, repayment on the Term Loan Credit Agreement of $150.0 million, cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards of $71.6$115.5 million purchasesand cash paid for the purchase of property and equipment of $69.4$83.4 million, and cash dividends paid on common stock of $46.8 million. These decreases are partially offset by cash received from debt offerings of $1.74 billion and cash provided by our operating activities of $1.04 billion. $671.7 million.
As of December 31, 2018, $702.82021, $327.9 million of the $1.78 billion$541.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and investments was held by our foreign subsidiaries. As a result of the 2017 Tax Act, theThe cash, cash equivalentsequivalents and investments held by our foreign subsidiaries can be repatriated without incurring any additional U.S. federal tax. Upon repatriation of these funds, we could be subject to foreign and U.S. state income taxes, as well as additional foreign withholding taxes. The amount of taxes due is dependent on the amount and manner of the repatriation, as well as the locations from which the funds are repatriated and received. We generally invest our cash and cash equivalents in investment grade, highly liquid securities to allow for flexibility in the event of immediate cash needs. Our short-term and long-term investments primarily consist of interest-bearing securities.
Cash Flow Activities
During 2021, we generated operating cash flows of $671.7 million. These operating cash flows related primarily to net income of $307.5 million, adjusted for, among other things, non-cash charges, including depreciation and amortization expenses of $347.0 million and stock-based compensation expense of $346.8 million. Partially offsetting these changes was a change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions of $216.4 million and a deferred income tax benefit of $160.8 million. The change in our operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions was primarily the result of outflows from accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $127.8 million, mostly from net decreases in employee-related accruals of $76.2 million and payments on leases of $59.7 million. Also contributing to the change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions were outflows from other assets of $105.5 million, primarily due to an increase in capitalized commissions, and income taxes, net of $68.2 million, mostly due to decreases in income taxes payable of $32.7 million and increases in prepaid taxes of $29.8 million. These outflows were partially offset by an inflow from deferred revenue of $101.8 million and an inflow from accounts payable of $64.2 million due to the timing of payments. Our investing activities used $2.00 billion of cash consisting primarily of cash paid for the Wrike acquisition, net of cash acquired of $2.02 billion and cash paid for the purchase of property and equipment of $83.4 million, partially offset by net proceeds from investments of $118.3 million. Our financing activities provided cash of $1.09 billion, primarily consisting of net proceeds from the 2021 Term Loan of $997.9 million and 2026 Notes of $741.4 million, partially offset by repayment of Wrike acquired debt of $190.0 million, cash dividends paid on our common stock of $183.8 million, repayment on the Term Loan Credit Agreement of $150.0 million, and cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards of $115.5 million.
During 2020, we generated operating cash flows of $935.8 million. These operating cash flows related primarily to net income of $504.4 million, adjusted for, among other things, non-cash charges, including stock-based compensation expense of $307.7 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of $207.9 million. Partially offsetting these changes was change in
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operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions of $88.7 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions was primarily a result of an outflow in accounts receivable of $151.8 million mostly due to an increase in sales, an outflow in other assets of $119.8 million mostly due to an increase in capitalized commissions from higher subscription sales and an outflow from income taxes, net of $51.5 million. These outflows were partially offset by an inflow in accrued expenses of $161.5 million, primarily due to increases in employee-related accruals and an inflow in deferred revenue of $106.8 million. Our investing activities used $138.3 million of cash consisting primarily of net purchases of investments of $88.3 million and cash paid for the purchase of property and equipment of $41.4 million. Our financing activities used cash of $595.2 million, primarily for stock repurchases of $1.29 billion, cash dividends paid on our common stock of $172.0 million and cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards of $121.7 million. These outflows are partially offset by net proceeds from the issuance of our 2030 Notes of $738.1 million and net borrowings from our Term Loan Credit Agreement of $248.8 million.
Historically, significant portions of our cash inflows were generated by our operations. We currently expect this trend to continue in 2022. Our 2022 operating cash flows could be impacted due to incremental cash outlays related to the 2021 Restructuring Program and expected transaction costs related to the pending Merger. We believe that our existing cash and investments together with cash flows expected from operations will be sufficient to meet expected operating and capital expenditure requirements and service our debt obligations for the next 12 months.
Term Loan Credit Agreements
On February 5, 2021, we entered into the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, consisting of a $1.00 billion 2021 Term Loan. We borrowed $1.00 billion on February 26, 2021 under the 2021 Term Loan, and the loan matures on February 25, 2024. The proceeds under the 2021 Term Loan were used to finance a portion of the purchase price for the Wrike acquisition.
On January 21, 2020, we entered into a $1.00 billion Term Loan Credit Agreement, consisting of a $500.0 million 364-day Term Loan facility (the “364-day Term Loan”), and a $500.0 million 3-year Term Loan facility (the “3-year Term Loan”). During the year ended December 31, 2020, we used borrowings from the Term Loan Credit Agreement to enter into an aggregate $1.00 billion accelerated share repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we repaid $150.0 million under the 3-year Term Loan. As of December 31, 2021, $100.0 million was outstanding under the 3-year Term Loan.
Senior Notes
On February 18, 2021, we issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes, or the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.250% per annum, which is due semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning on September 1, 2021. The net proceeds from this offering were $741.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we used the net proceeds from the 2026 Notes to fund a portion of the purchase price for the Wrike acquisition.
On February 25, 2020, we issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.300% per annum, which is due semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The net proceeds from this offering were $738.1 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we used the net proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash to repay $500.0 million under the 364-day Term Loan and $250.0 million under the 3-year Term Loan.
On November 15, 2017, we issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 4.500% per annum, which is due semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year.
Credit Facility
On November 26, 2019, we entered into a $250.0 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility under an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). We may elect to increase the revolving credit facility by up to $250.0 million if existing or new lenders provide additional revolving commitments in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2021, no amounts were outstanding under the credit facility.
Bridge Facility and Take-Out Facility Commitment Letter
On January 16, 2021, we entered into a bridge facility and take-out facility commitment letter (the “Commitment Letter”) pursuant to which JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (1) committed to provide a senior unsecured 364-day term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.45 billion to finance the cash consideration for the Wrike acquisition in the event that the
50

permanent debt financing was not available on or prior to the Closing Date and (2) agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to assemble a syndicate of lenders to provide the necessary commitments for the senior term loan facility. The commitments under the Commitment Letter were permanently reduced to zero on February 18, 2021, as a result of (i) the effectiveness of the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement and (ii) the completion of the issuance of the 2026 Notes.
See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional details regarding our debt.
Stock Repurchase Program
Our Board of Directors authorized an ongoinga stock repurchase program, of which $1.7$1.00 billion was approved in November 2017 and $750.0 million was approved in October 2018. We may use the approved dollar authority to repurchase stock at any time until the approved amounts are exhausted.January 2020. The objective of ourthe stock repurchase program iswas to improve stockholders’ returns.returns and mitigate earnings per share dilution posed by the issuance of shares related to employee equity compensation awards. At December 31, 2018, approximately $767.92021, $625.6 million was available to repurchase common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase program. All shares repurchased arewere recorded as treasury stock in our consolidated balance sheets included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. A portion of the funds used to repurchase stock over the course of the program was provided by net proceeds from the 2027 Notes and Convertible Notes offerings, as well as proceeds from employee stock awards and the related tax benefit.
We are authorized to make open market purchases of our common stock using general corporate funds through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in privately negotiated transactions.stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2021, we expended approximately $511.2 million ondid not have any open market purchases under the stock repurchase program,program. While the Merger Agreement is in effect, we are prohibited from repurchasing 4,730,542 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $108.05.
In addition to the repurchases described above, in 2017, we used the net proceeds from our 2027 Notes offering and existing cash and investments to repurchase an aggregate of approximately $750.0 million of our common stock as authorized under our stock repurchase program. We paid $750.0 million to the ASR counterparty under the ASR agreement and received approximately 7.1 million shares of our common stock, from the ASR counterparty, which represented 80 percent of the shares to be repurchased pursuant to the ASR agreement. The total number of shares of common stock that we repurchasedincluding under the ASR agreement was based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average prices of our common stock during the term of the ASR agreement, less a discount. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed in January 2018 and we received delivery of an additional 1.4 million shares of our common stock.

In February 2018, we entered into an ASR transaction with a counterparty to pay an aggregate of $750.0 million in exchange for the immediate delivery of approximately 6.5 million shares of our common stock based on current market prices. The purchase price per share under the ASR was based on the volume-weighted average price of our common stock during the term of the ASR, less a discount. The ASR was entered into pursuant to our existing share repurchase program. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed in April 2018 and we received delivery of an additional 1.6 million additional shares of our common stock.

See Note 139 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 for detailed informationadditional details on our 2027 Notes offering and the transactions related thereto.share repurchase program.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we expended approximately $575.0 million on open market purchases, repurchasing 7,384,368 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $77.86.
Shares for Tax Withholding
During the year ended December 31, 2016, we expended approximately $28.7 million on open market purchases, repurchasing 426,300 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $67.30.

Shares for Tax Withholding
During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016,2021, we withheld 739,522870,057 shares974,501 shares and 830,155 shares, respectively, from equity awards that vested. Amounts withheldvested, totaling $115.5 million to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of such equity awards was $71.6 million for 2018, $80.0 million for 2017 and $66.6 million for 2016.awards. These shares are reflected as treasury stock in our consolidated balance sheetssheet included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021 and the related cash outlays do not reduce our total stock repurchase authority.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet ArrangementArrangements
Contractual Obligations
We have certain contractual obligations that are recorded as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Other items, such as operating lease obligations, are not recognized as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements, but are required to be disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at December 31, 20182021 and the future periods in which such obligations are expected to be settled in cash. Additional details regarding these obligations are provided in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
 Payments due by period
 TotalLess than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations(1)
$244,199 $64,014 $104,186 $55,472 $20,527 
Total long-term debt(2)
3,350,000 — 1,100,000 750,000 1,500,000 
Purchase obligations(3)
975,082 107,973 52,904 — 814,205 
Transition tax payable(4)
232,086 27,304 119,456 85,326 — 
Total contractual obligations(5)
$4,801,367 $199,291 $1,376,546 $890,798 $2,334,732 
(1)The amount above represents the value of our operating lease obligations. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further information. 
(2)The amount above represents the balances to be repaid under our senior notes and term loan credit agreements. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further information. 
(3)Purchase obligations represent non-cancelable commitments to purchase inventory ordered as of December 31, 2021 and contingent obligations to purchase inventory. It also includes a remaining purchase commitments for our use of certain cloud services with third-party providers. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further information.
(4)Represents transition tax payable on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income incurred as a result of the 2017 Tax Act.
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  Payments due by period
  Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations (1)
 $301,396
 $57,122
 $89,339
 $67,314
 $87,621
Convertible senior notes (2)
 1,164,497
 1,164,497
 —
 —
 —
Senior Notes due 2027 (3)
 750,000
 —
 —
 —
 750,000
Purchase obligations(4)
 71,888
 46,888
 25,000
 —
 —
Transition tax payable(5)
 285,627
 —
 53,540
 78,500
 153,587
Total contractual obligations(6)
 $2,573,408
 $1,268,507
 $167,879
 $145,814
 $991,208
(5)Total contractual obligations do not include agreements where our commitment is variable in nature or where cancellations without payment provisions exist and excludes $103.5 million of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions recorded in accordance with authoritative guidance, because we could not make reasonably reliable estimates of the period or amount of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for further information.

(1)
The amounts in the table above include $64.3 million in exited facility costs related to restructuring activities.
(2)
During the second quarter of 2014, we completed a private placement of $1.4 billion principal amount of 0.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019. The amount above represents the principal balance to be repaid in April 2019. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for detailed information on the Convertible Notes offering and the transactions related thereto. 
(3)
During the fourth quarter of 2017, we completed the issuance of $750.0 million principal amount of 4.5% Senior Notes due 2027. The amount above represents the balance to be repaid. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for detailed information on the 2027 Notes offering and the transactions related thereto. 
(4)
Purchase obligations represent non-cancelable commitments to purchase inventory ordered before year-end 2018 of approximately $5.3 million and a contingent obligation to purchase inventory of approximately $16.6 million. It also includes minimum purchase commitments for our use of certain cloud services with a third-party provider of $50.0 million.
(5)
Represents transition tax payable on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income incurred as a result of the 2017 Tax Act. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information.
(6)
Total contractual obligations do not include agreements where our commitment is variable in nature or where cancellations without payment provisions exist and excludes $89.9 million of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions recorded in accordance with authoritative guidance, because we could not make reasonably reliable estimates of the period or amount of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information.
As of December 31, 2018,2021, we did not have any individually material capitalfinance lease obligations or other material long-term commitments reflected on our consolidated balance sheets.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any special purpose entities or off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The following discussion about our market risk includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The analysis methods we used to assess and mitigate risk discussed below should not be considered projections of future events, gains or losses.
We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates that could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. To mitigate foreign currency risk, we utilize derivative financial instruments. The counterparties to our derivative instruments are major financial institutions. All of the potential changes noted below are based on sensitivity analyses performed on our financial position as of December 31, 2018.2021. Actual results could differ materially.
Discussions of our accounting policies for derivatives and hedging activities are included in Notes 2 and 14 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.
Exposure to Exchange Rates
A substantial majority of our overseas expense and capital purchasing activities are transacted in local currencies, including Euros, British pounds sterling, Japanese yen, Australian dollars, Swiss francs, Indian rupees, Hong Kong dollars, Canadian dollars, Singapore dollars and Chinese yuan renminbi. To reduce the volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in currency exchange rates, we have established a hedging program. We use foreign currency forward contracts to hedge certain forecasted foreign currency expenditures. Our hedging program significantly reduces, but does not entirely eliminate, the impact of currency exchange rate movements.
At December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, we had in place foreign currency forward sale contracts with a notional amount of $141.9$387.7 million and $128.1$317.9 million, respectively, and foreign currency forward purchase contracts with a notional amount of $119.5$129.1 million and $113.6$149.7 million, respectively. At December 31, 2018,2021, these contracts had an aggregate fair value liability of $1.8$0.8 million and at December 31, 2017,2020, these contracts had an aggregate fair value asset of $1.7$2.6 million. Based on a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. dollar from December 31, 20182021 market rates, the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts would increase by $2.4$26.0 million. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar from December 31, 20182021 market rates would decrease the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts by $2.4$26.0 million. In these hypothetical movements, foreign operating costs would move in the opposite direction. This calculation assumes that each exchange rate would change in the same direction relative to the U.S. dollar. In addition to the direct effects of changes in exchange rates quantified above, changes in exchange rates could also change the dollar value of sales and affect the volume of sales as the prices of our competitors’ products become more or less attractive. We do not anticipate any material adverse impact to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of these foreign exchange forward contracts.
Exposure to Interest Rates
We have interest rate exposures resulting from our interest-based available-for-sale investments. We maintain available-for-sale investments in debt securities and we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer or type of instrument. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged. The securities classified as available-for-sale are subject to interest rate risk. The modeling technique used measures the change in fair values arising from an immediate hypothetical shift in market interest rates and assumes that ending fair values include principal plus accrued interest and reinvestment income. If market interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points from December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 levels, the fair value of the available-for-sale portfolio would decline by approximately $9.2$0.3 million and $17.1$0.6 million, respectively. If market interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis points from December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 levels, the fair value of the available-for-sale portfolio would increase by approximately $9.2$0.2 million and $17.0 million, respectively.for both periods. These amounts are determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rate movements on our available-for-sale investment portfolios. This analysis does not consider the effect of credit risk as a result of the changes in overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment.
We are also exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates as they affect our Term Loan Credit Agreement and the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, both of which bear interest at a rate equal to either a customary base rate formula plus an applicable margin or LIBOR plus an applicable margin. As of December 31, 2021, we had $100.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and $1.00 billion outstanding under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement. Because interest rates applicable to the Term Loan Credit Agreement are variable, we are exposed to market risk from changes in the underlying index rates, which affects our interest expense. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in interest rates would result in an increase in interest expense of $11.0 million.
53

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated financial statements, and related financial statement schedule, together with the report of independent registered certified public accounting firm, appear at pages F-1 through F-46F-48 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021 and are incorporated by reference into this item 8.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2018,2021, our management, with the participation of our President andInterim Chief Executive Officer and President and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our President andInterim Chief Executive Officer and President and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018,2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President andInterim Chief Executive Officer and President and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarterthree months ended December 31, 2018,2021, except for the acquisition of Wrike described below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
On February 26, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Wrike. Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission's guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of an assessment for a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the scope of our assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2021 does not include Wrike. We are finalizing our evaluation and implementation of our internal control structure over Wrike operations, which we expect to be completed during fiscal year 2022; however, we do not anticipate implementation will materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(f). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.2021. As permitted by SEC guidance for newly acquired businesses, management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting did not include an assessment of internal control over financial reporting of Wrike. Wrike accounted for approximately 1% of total assets as of December 31, 2021 and approximately 3% of revenues for the year ended on December 31, 2021. These percentages were derived using amounts related to Wrike that have not yet been integrated into our internal control environment as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, or the COSO criteria. Based on our assessment we believe that, as of December 31, 2018,2021, our internal control over financial reporting iswas effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182021 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered certified public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears below.

54

Report of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm

TheTo the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Citrix Systems, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Citrix Systems, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Citrix Systems, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021 based on the COSO criteria.
As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Wrike, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which is included in the 2021 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted 1% of total assets as of December 31, 2021 and 3% of revenues for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Wrike, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated February 15, 201916, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boca Raton, Florida

February 16, 2022
February 15, 2019
55



ITEMITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.
Our policy governing transactions in Citrix securities by our directors, officers and employees permits our officers, directors and certain other persons to enter into trading plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. We have been advised that David Henshall, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Drew Del Matto, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, each entered into a new trading plan in the fourth quarter of 2018 in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and our policy governing transactions in our securities. We undertake no obligation to update or revise the information provided herein, including for revision or termination of an established trading plan.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.

PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the closewith respect to any 2022 annual meeting of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.shareholders that is held.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the closewith respect to any 2022 annual meeting of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.shareholders that is held.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the closewith respect to any 2022 annual meeting of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.shareholders that is held.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the closewith respect to any 2022 annual meeting of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.shareholders that is held.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A which proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the closewith respect to any 2022 annual meeting of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.shareholders that is held.

56

PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)1. Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a)1. Consolidated Financial Statements.
For a list of the consolidated financial information included herein, see page F-1.
2. Financial Statement Schedules.

All other schedules have been omitted as the required information is not applicable or the information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto under Item 8 herein.8. The following consolidated financial statement schedule is included in Item 8:herein:
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
3. List of Exhibits.
Exhibit No.Description
2.12.1**
2.2
Amendment No. 1, dated as of December 8, 2016, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among Citrix Systems, Inc., GetGo, Inc., LogMeIn, Inc. and Lithium Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 16, 2017)**
2.3
Amendment No. 2, dated as of May 4, 2017 and effective as of May 1, 2017, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among Citrix Systems, Inc., GetGo, Inc. and LogMeIn, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017)
2.4
Amendment No. 3, dated as of September 29, 2017, to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among Citrix Systems, Inc., GetGo, Inc. and LogMeIn, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 2, 2017)
2.5
Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2016, by and among Citrix Systems, Inc., GetGo, Inc. and LogMeIn, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2016)**
2.62.2**
3.12.3**
2.4**
3.1
3.2
4.1
Specimen certificate representing Common Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-98542), as amended) (P)
4.2
4.3
Form of 0.500% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (included in Exhibit 4.2)
4.4
Indenture, dated as of November 15, 2017, between Citrix Systems, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2017)
4.54.3
4.64.4
10.1*4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
10.1*
10.2*

57

10.3*
10.4*
10.5*
10.6*
10.7*
10.8*
10.9*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement For Non-Employee Directors under the Citrix Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2011)
10.10*10.9*
10.11*
Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (Time Based Awards) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2011)
10.12*
Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (Long Term Incentive) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 7, 2012 )
10.13*
Form of Long Term Incentive Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2015)
10.14*10.10*
10.15*
Amendment to Amended and Restated 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 21, 2013)
10.16*
Citrix Systems, Inc. Executive Bonus Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 20, 2014)
10.17*10.11*
10.18*10.12*
10.19*
Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Time Based Awards) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2017)
10.20*
Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Performance Based Awards) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2017)
10.21*
2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 7, 2015)
10.22*10.13*
10.23*10.14*
10.15*

10.16*
10.24*
10.25*10.17*
10.26*10.18*
10.27*
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and each of its Directors and executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 8, 2011)
10.28*10.19*†
10.20*
10.29*10.21*
10.30*
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan for Robert M. Calderoni granted February 1, 2017 (Time Based Awards) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 16, 2018)
10.31*
Employment Agreement, dated January 19, 2016, by and between Citrix Systems, Inc. and Kirill Tatarinov (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 20, 2016)
10.32*
Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan for Kirill Tatarinov (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2016)
10.33*
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan for Kirill Tatarinov (2016 Performance-Based Awards) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2016)
10.34*
Separation Agreement and Release, dated July 7, 2017, by and between Citrix Systems, Inc. and Kirill Tatarinov (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 2, 2017)
10.35*
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan for executive officers (Performance Based Awards)Donna Kimmel (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 4, 2015)May 6, 2021)
10.36*10.22*†
10.23*
10.37*10.24*†
58

10.25*†
10.26*
10.38*10.27*
10.39*10.28*†
10.40*10.29*†
10.41*10.30*
10.42*10.31*
10.43*10.32*
10.33*

10.34*
10.44*
10.45*10.35*
10.46*
Form of Amendment to Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Performance Based Awards - August 2017) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2018)
10.47*
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Robert M. Calderoni under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Time Based Award - January 2018) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2018)
10.48*
Amendment to Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014Second Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2018)
10.49*
Executive Agreement, dated February 1, 2018 by and between the Company and Andrew Del Matto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 4, 2018)
10.50*†
Form of Amendment to Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Long Term Incentive)
10.51*†
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Citrix Systems, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Long Term Incentive)
10.52
Form of Call Option Transaction Confirmation between Citrix Systems, Inc. and each of JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch; Goldman, Sachs & Co.; Bank of America, N.A.; and Royal Bank of Canada (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2014)
10.53
Form of Warrants Confirmation between Citrix Systems, Inc. and each of JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch; Goldman, Sachs & Co.; Bank of America, N.A.; and Royal Bank of Canada (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2014)
10.54
Form of Additional Call Option Transaction Confirmation between Citrix Systems, Inc. and each of JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, London Branch; Goldman, Sachs & Co.; Bank of America, N.A.; and Royal Bank of Canada (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.110.15 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 6, 2014)2021)
10.5510.36*
10.5610.37*
10.38*
10.39*
10.40*
10.41*
10.42*
10.43*
59

10.44
10.57
Master Confirmation between Citibank,initial lenders named therein, and Bank of America, N.A. and Citrix Systems, Inc., dated November 13, 2017as Administrative Agent. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 14, 2017)27, 2019)
10.5810.45
10.59
Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of January 7, 2015,21, 2020, by and among Citrix Systems, Inc., the initial lenders named therein, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2015)22, 2020)
10.6010.46
10.47
10.48
10.49**
10.50
10.6110.51
10.6210.52*†
10.63*†21.1†
21.1†
List of Subsidiaries

23.1†
23.1†
24.1
31.1†
31.2†
32.1††
101.INS†101.SCH†XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH†Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL†Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF†Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB†Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE†Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104†Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)
*Indicates a management contract or a compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
**Schedules (or similar attachments) have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2)601 of Regulation S-K. The registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules (or similar attachments) upon request by the SEC.
†Filed herewith.
††Furnished herewith.
(P)This exhibit has been paper filed and is not subject to the hyperlinking requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.


60



(b) Exhibits.
The Company hereby files as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018,2021, the exhibits listed in Item 15(a)(3) above. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copiedaccessed free of charge through the EDGAR database at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C., 20549 andSEC’s website at the Commission’s regional offices at 175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60604 and 3 World Financial Center, Suite 400, New York, NY 10281-1022.www.sec.gov.
(c) Financial Statement Schedule.
The Company hereby files as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20182021 the consolidated financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) above, which is attached hereto.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.



61

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on the 1516th day of February, 2019.
2022.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
By:CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC./S/ ROBERT M. CALDERONI
Robert M. Calderoni
By:/s/ DAVID J. HENSHALL
David J. Henshall
President andInterim Chief Executive Officer and President


62

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES
We, the undersigned officers and directors of Citrix Systems, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint David J. HenshallRobert M. Calderoni and Andrew Del Matto,Arlen R. Shenkman, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys, with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us in our names in the capacities indicated below, all amendments to this report, and generally to do all things in our names and on our behalf in such capacities to enable Citrix Systems, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated below on the 1516th day of February, 2019.

2022.
SignatureTitle(s)
/S/   DAVID J. HENSHALL        ROBERT M. CALDERONI     President,Interim Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)President and Chairman of the Board of Directors
David J. HenshallRobert M. Calderoni
/S/    ANDREW DEL MATTO    ARLEN R. SHENKMAN    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Andrew Del MattoArlen R. Shenkman
/S/    JESSICA SOISSON        Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
Jessica Soisson
/S/    ROBERT M. CALDERONI Chairman of the Board of Directors
Robert M. Calderoni
/S/    NANCI E. CALDWELL        Director
Nanci E. Caldwell
/S/    JESSE A. COHNDirector
Jesse A. Cohn
/S/    ROBERT D. DALEO     Director
Robert D. Daleo
/S/     MURRAY J. DEMO Director
Murray J. Demo
/S/    AJEI S. GOPAL     Director
Ajei S. Gopal
/S/    THOMAS E. HOGANDirector
Thomas E. Hogan
/S/    MOIRA A. KILCOYNE       Director
Moira A. Kilcoyne
/S/    ROBERT E. KNOWLING, JR.Director
Robert E. Knowling, Jr.
/S/    PETER J. SACRIPANTI        Director
Peter J. Sacripanti
/S/    J. DONALD SHERMANDirector
J. Donald Sherman


63

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
List of Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule


The following consolidated financial statements of Citrix Systems, Inc. are included in Item 8:
F-2
F- 35
F- 46
F- 57
F- 68
F- 79
F- 810
The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Citrix Systems, Inc. is included in Item 15(a):
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.



F-1

Report of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm
TheTo the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Citrix Systems, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Citrix Systems, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 15, 201916, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
F-2


Revenue Recognition – Identification of distinct performance obligations and standalone selling price
Description of the MatterAs described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised products or services are transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company primarily derives revenues from subscription-based arrangements for cloud-hosted offerings, as well as software license agreements that include bundled support and maintenance services for the term of the license period. The Company’s contracts with customers often contain bundles of solutions and services with multiple performance obligations or promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer, including subscription, product and license, and support and services. At the contract inception, the Company evaluates whether the performance obligations are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. Solutions and services that are not both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract are combined and treated as a single performance obligation in determining the allocation and recognition of revenue. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis and recognizes revenue when control of the distinct performance obligation is transferred to customers.
Auditing the Company’s recognition of revenue was complex due to the effort required to analyze the accounting treatment for the Company’s various software products and service offerings. This involved assessing the impact of terms and conditions of new or amended contracts with customers or new product or service offerings, evaluating whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together, and the determination of the relative standalone selling prices for each distinct performance obligation and the timing of recognition of revenue.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our AuditWe obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the Company's internal controls over the identification of distinct performance obligations and the determination of the stand-alone selling price for each distinct performance obligation, including the Company's controls over the review of product and service offerings, contracts and pricing information used to estimate standalone selling prices.
To test the Company’s identification of distinct performance obligations and the Company’s determination of estimated standalone selling prices, our audit procedures included, among others, reviewing significant individual contracts based on size or risk as well as reviewing a randomly selected sample of contracts from the remaining population. For the selected sample of customer agreements, we obtained and read contract source documents for each selection, tested the Company’s identification of significant terms for completeness, including the identification of distinct performance obligations, and assessed whether the terms included within the customer’s agreement were consistent with the Company’s accounting policies. We sent contract confirmations directly to customers to confirm the terms and conditions of the selected arrangements. To test management's determination of relative standalone selling price for performance obligations, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the appropriateness of the methodology applied, testing the mathematical accuracy of the underlying data and calculations, and testing selections to corroborate the data underlying the Company's calculations. We also evaluated the Company’s disclosures included in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
Business Combinations - Accounting for the acquisition of Wrangler Topco, LLC
Description of the MatterOn February 26, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Wrangler Topco, LLC, the parent entity of Wrike, Inc. (“Wrike”), for approximately $2.07 billion. As disclosed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounted for the transaction as a business combination.
F-3

Auditing the Company's accounting for its acquisition of Wrike was complex due to significant estimation uncertainty in the Company's determination of the fair value of identified intangible assets, which principally consisted of customer relationships of $446.4 million and developed technology of $347.9 million. The significant estimation uncertainty was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to underlying assumptions about the future performance of the acquired business. The Company used an income approach to measure the fair value of the developed technology and customer relationship intangible assets. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the forecasted results (e.g., expected future cash flows, royalty rates, customer churn, technology obsolescence, etc.). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our AuditWe tested the Company's controls over its accounting for acquisitions. Our tests included controls over the estimation process supporting the recognition and measurement of customer-related and developed technology intangible assets. We also tested management's review of assumptions used on the valuation models.
To test the estimated fair value of the customer-related and developed technology intangible assets, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the Company's selection of the valuation methodology, evaluating the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company's valuation specialist, and evaluating the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates. We involved our valuation specialists to assist with our evaluation of the methodology used by the Company and significant assumptions included in the fair value estimates. For example, we compared the significant assumptions to third party industry projections. Specifically, when assessing the key assumptions, we focused on discount rates, revenue growth rates and royalty rates that would drive these forecasted growth rates. We also evaluated the Company's disclosures included in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1989.
Boca Raton, Florida
February 15, 201916, 2022





F-4

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2021		December 31,
2020
 Assets(In thousands, except par value)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$513,993 $752,895 
Short-term investments, available-for-sale13,186 124,113 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $33,279 and $25,868 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively885,311 858,009 
Inventories, net23,158 20,089 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets283,337 236,000 
Total current assets1,718,985 1,991,106 
Long-term investments, available-for-sale14,754 14,365 
Property and equipment, net219,031 208,811 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net154,685 187,129 
Goodwill3,400,792 1,798,408 
Other intangible assets, net760,293 81,491 
Deferred tax assets, net417,016 386,504 
Other assets289,961 222,533 
Total assets$6,975,517 $4,890,347 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$165,250 $92,266 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities444,767 507,185 
Income taxes payable35,996 42,760 
Current portion of deferred revenues1,708,058 1,510,216 
Total current liabilities2,354,071 2,152,427 
Long-term portion of deferred revenues329,535 392,360 
Long-term debt3,326,327 1,732,622 
Long-term income taxes payable204,782 232,086 
Operating lease liabilities166,014 195,767 
Other liabilities47,531 72,942 
Commitments and contingencies00
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock at $0.01 par value: 5,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding— — 
Common stock at $0.001 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; 325,174 and 321,964 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively325 322 
Additional paid-in capital7,041,576 6,608,018 
Retained earnings5,100,624 4,984,333 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(2,896)(3,649)
12,139,629 11,589,024 
Less - common stock in treasury, at cost (200,313 and 199,443 shares at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively)(11,592,372)(11,476,881)
Total stockholders' equity547,257 112,143 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$6,975,517 $4,890,347 
 December 31,
2018		 December 31,
2017
 Assets(In thousands, except par value)
Current assets:   
Cash and cash equivalents$618,766
 $1,115,130
Short-term investments, available-for-sale583,615
 632,516
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,530 and $4,645 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively688,420
 712,535
Inventories, net21,905
 13,912
Prepaid expenses and other current assets174,195
 147,330
Total current assets2,086,901
 2,621,423
Long-term investments, available-for-sale574,319
 984,328
Property and equipment, net243,396
 252,932
Goodwill1,802,670
 1,614,494
Other intangible assets, net167,187
 141,952
Deferred tax assets, net136,998
 152,362
Other assets124,578
 52,685
Total assets$5,136,049
 $5,820,176
Liabilities, Temporary Equity and Stockholders' Equity   
Current liabilities:   
Accounts payable$75,551

$66,893
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities290,492

277,679
Income taxes payable44,409

34,033
Current portion of deferred revenues1,345,243

1,308,474
Convertible notes, short-term1,155,445
 —
Total current liabilities2,911,140
 1,687,079
Long-term portion of deferred revenues489,329
 555,769
Long-term debt741,825
 2,127,474
Long-term income taxes payable285,627
 335,457
Other liabilities148,499
 121,936
Commitments and contingencies

 

Temporary equity from Convertible notes8,110
 —
Stockholders' equity:   
Preferred stock at $.01 par value: 5,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding—
 —
Common stock at $.001 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized; 309,761 and 305,751 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively310
 306
Additional paid-in capital5,404,500
 4,883,670
Retained earnings4,169,019
 3,509,484
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(8,154) (10,806)
 9,565,675
 8,382,654
Less - common stock in treasury, at cost (178,327 and 162,044 shares at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively)(9,014,156) (7,390,193)
Total stockholders' equity551,519
 992,461
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders' equity$5,136,049
 $5,820,176
See accompanying notes.

F-5

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018
2017
2016
 (In thousands, except per share information)
Revenues:     
Subscription$455,276
 $314,735
 $245,606
Product and license734,495
 766,777
 810,975
Support and services1,784,132
 1,743,174
 1,679,499
Total net revenues2,973,903
 2,824,686
 2,736,080
Cost of net revenues:     
Cost of subscription, support and services266,495
 250,602
 228,080
Cost of product and license revenues120,249
 123,356
 121,391
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets47,059
 65,688
 55,418
Total cost of net revenues433,803
 439,646
 404,889
Gross margin2,540,100
 2,385,040
 2,331,191
Operating expenses:     
Research and development439,984
 415,801
 395,373
Sales, marketing and services1,074,234
 1,006,112
 976,339
General and administrative315,343
 302,565
 316,838
Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets15,854
 17,190
 15,076
Restructuring16,725
 72,375
 67,401
Total operating expenses1,862,140
 1,814,043
 1,771,027
Income from continuing operations677,960
 570,997
 560,164
Interest income40,030
 27,808
 16,686
Interest expense(80,162) (51,609) (44,949)
Other (expense) income, net(8,373) 3,150
 (4,131)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes629,455
 550,346
 527,770
Income tax expense53,788
 528,361
 57,915
Income from continuing operations575,667
 21,985
 469,855
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense of $2,900 and $22,737 in 2017 and 2016, respectively—
 (42,704) 66,257
Net income (loss)$575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
Basic earnings (loss) per share:     
Income from continuing operations$4.23
 $0.15
 $3.03
(Loss) income from discontinued operations—
 (0.28) 0.43
Basic net earnings (loss) per share$4.23
 $(0.13) $3.46
      
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
    
Income from continuing operations$3.94
 $0.14
 $2.99
(Loss) income from discontinued operations—
 (0.27) 0.42
Diluted net earnings (loss) per share$3.94
 $(0.13) $3.41
      
Weighted average shares outstanding:     
Basic136,030
 150,779
 155,134
Diluted145,934
 155,503
 157,084
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands, except per share information)
Revenues:
Subscription$1,553,775 $1,114,798 $650,810 
Product and license171,186 444,437 583,474 
Support and services1,492,209 1,677,465 1,776,280 
Total net revenues3,217,170 3,236,700 3,010,564 
Cost of net revenues:
Cost of subscription, support and services453,755 389,612 310,255 
Cost of product and license revenues79,927 76,152 102,452 
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets91,395 32,782 51,340 
Total cost of net revenues625,077 498,546 464,047 
Gross profit2,592,093 2,738,154 2,546,517 
Operating expenses:
Research and development581,600 538,080 518,877 
Sales, marketing and services1,194,657 1,224,377 1,132,956 
General and administrative409,630 352,109 320,429 
Amortization of other intangible assets66,263 2,799 15,890 
Restructuring103,323 11,981 22,247 
Total operating expenses2,355,473 2,129,346 2,010,399 
Income from operations236,620 608,808 536,118 
Interest income1,232 3,108 18,280 
Interest expense(91,793)(64,687)(45,974)
Other income, net21,088 7,651 1,076 
Income before income taxes167,147 554,880 509,500 
Income tax (benefit) expense(140,352)50,434 (172,313)
Net income$307,499 $504,446 $681,813 
Earnings per share:
Basic$2.48 $4.08 $5.21 
Diluted$2.44 $4.00 $5.03 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic124,113 123,575 130,853 
Diluted126,259 126,152 135,495 
See accompanying notes.

F-6

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
 (In thousands)
      
Net income (loss)$575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
Other comprehensive income (loss):     
Available for sale securities:     
Change in net unrealized (losses) gains(1,770) (3,285) 996
Less: reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income5,996
 (273) (1,204)
Net change (net of tax effect)4,226
 (3,558) (208)
      
Gain on pension liability1,569
 2,768
 906
      
Cash flow hedges:     
Change in unrealized (losses) gains(3,842) 6,046
 (2,638)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income699
 (758) 1,763
Net change (net of tax effect)(3,143) 5,288
 (875)
      
Other comprehensive income (loss)2,652
 4,498
 (177)
      
Comprehensive income (loss)$578,319
 $(16,221) $535,935
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
 (In thousands)
Net income$307,499 $504,446 $681,813 
Other comprehensive income:
Available for sale securities:
Change in net unrealized gains16 128 2,881 
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income— (7)(580)
Net change (net of tax effect)16 121 2,301 
Gain (loss) on pension liability4,898 (1,337)(1,127)
Cash flow hedges:
Change in unrealized (losses) gains(1,459)2,363 237 
Less: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses included in net income(2,702)331 1,616 
Net change (net of tax effect)(4,161)2,694 1,853 
Other comprehensive income753 1,478 3,027 
Comprehensive income$308,252 $505,924 $684,840 
See accompanying notes.



F-7

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Common StockAdditional
Paid In Capital		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss		Common Stock
in Treasury		Total
Equity
(In thousands)Common Stock 
Additional
Paid In Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
(loss) income
 
Common Stock
in Treasury
 
Total
Equity
(In thousands)SharesAmountSharesAmount
Shares Amount Shares Amount 
Balance at December 31, 2015299,113
 $299
 $4,566,919
 $3,474,625
 $(28,527) (145,296) $(6,039,870) $1,973,446
Balance at December 31, 2018Balance at December 31, 2018309,761 $310 $5,404,500 $4,169,019 $(8,154)(178,327)$(9,014,156)$551,519 
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans3,009
 3
 41,244
 —
 —
 —
 —
 41,247
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans2,603 3 (3)— — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense—
 —
 175,980
 —
 —
 —
 —
 175,980
Stock-based compensation expense— — 278,892 — — — — 278,892 
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan729
 1
 57,514
 —
 —
 —
 —
 57,515
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan471 — 39,469 — — — — 39,469 
Tax deficiency from employer stock plans, net—
 —
 (574) —
 —
 —
 —
 (574)
Temporary equity reclassificationTemporary equity reclassification— — 8,110 — — — — 8,110 
Stock repurchases, net—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (426) (28,689) (28,689)Stock repurchases, net— — — — — (4,534)(453,853)(453,853)
Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (830) (66,638) (66,638)Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding— — — — — (882)(89,213)(89,213)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax—
 —
 —
 —
 (177) —
 —
 (177)
Temporary equity reclassification—
 —
 (79,495) —
 —
 —
 —
 (79,495)
Net Income—
 —
 —
 536,112
 —
 —
 —
 536,112
Balance at December 31, 2016302,851
 $303
 $4,761,588
 $4,010,737
 $(28,704) (146,552) $(6,135,197) $2,608,727
Cash dividends declared and paidCash dividends declared and paid— — — (182,947)— — — (182,947)
Settlement of convertible notes and hedgesSettlement of convertible notes and hedges4,950 5 509,519 — — (4,950)(509,524)— 
Settlement of warrantsSettlement of warrants975 1 — — — — — 1 
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standardsCumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standards— — — 838 — — — 838 
OtherOther— — 8,578 (8,578)— — — — 
Other comprehensive income, net of taxOther comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 3,027 — — 3,027 
Net incomeNet income— — — 681,813 — — — 681,813 
Balance at December 31, 2019Balance at December 31, 2019318,760 319 6,249,065 4,660,145 (5,127)(188,693)(10,066,746)837,656 
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans2,614
 3
 2,110
 —
 —
 —
 —
 2,113
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans2,721 3 (3)— — — 
Stock-based compensation expense—
 —
 166,308
 —
 —
 —
 —
 166,308
Stock-based compensation expense— — 307,710 — — — — 307,710 
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan286
 —
 19,326
 —
 —
 —
 —
 19,326
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan483 — 44,635 — — — — 44,635 
Stock repurchases, net—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (7,384) (574,956) (574,956)Stock repurchases, net— — — — — (2,479)(288,483)(288,483)
Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (975) (80,040) (80,040)Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding— — — — — (893)(121,652)(121,652)
Cash dividends declared and paidCash dividends declared and paid— — — (172,006)— — — (172,006)
Accelerated stock repurchase programAccelerated stock repurchase program— — — — — (7,378)(1,000,000)(1,000,000)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standardsCumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standards— — — (1,641)— — — (1,641)
OtherOther— — 6,611 (6,611)— — — — 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax—
 —
 —
 —
 4,498
 —
 —
 4,498
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 1,478 — — 1,478 
Other—
 —
 (848) —
 —
 —
 —
 (848)
Accelerated stock repurchase program—
 —
 (150,000) —
 —
 (7,133) (600,000) (750,000)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standard on stock-based compensation—
 —
 5,691
 (5,303) —
 —
 —
 388
Distribution of the net assets of the GoTo Business—
 —
 —
 (475,231) 13,400
 —
 —
 (461,831)
Temporary equity reclassification—
 —
 79,495
 —
 —
 —
 —
 79,495
Net loss—
 —
 —
 (20,719) —
 —
 —
 (20,719)
Balance at December 31, 2017305,751
 306
 4,883,670
 3,509,484
 (10,806) (162,044) (7,390,193) 992,461
Net incomeNet income— — — 504,446 — — — 504,446 
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 2020321,964 322 6,608,018 4,984,333 (3,649)(199,443)(11,476,881)112,143 
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans2,258
 3
 161
 —
 —
 —
 —
 164
Shares issued under stock-based compensation plans2,696 3 280 — — 283 
Stock-based compensation expense—
 —
 203,619
 —
 —
 —
 —
 203,619
Stock-based compensation expense— — 346,751 — — — — 346,751 
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan461
 —
 33,462
 —
 —
 —
 —
 33,462
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan514 — 50,222 — — — — 50,222 
Temporary equity reclassification—
 —
 (8,110) —
 —
 —
 —
 (8,110)
Stock repurchases, net—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (4,731) (511,153) (511,153)
Accelerated stock repurchase program—
 —
 150,000
 —
 —
 (9,522) (900,000) (750,000)
Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding—
 —
 —
 —
 —
 (739) (71,593) (71,593)Restricted shares turned in for tax withholding— — — — — (870)(115,491)(115,491)
Cash dividends declared—
 —
 —
 (46,799) —
 —
 —
 (46,799)
Settlement of convertible notes and hedges1,291
 1
 138,231
 —
 —
 (1,291) (141,217) (2,985)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of accounting standards—
 —
 —
 132,778
 —
 —
 —
 132,778
Value of assumed equity awards related to pre-combination serviceValue of assumed equity awards related to pre-combination service— — 28,885 — — — — 28,885 
Cash dividends declared and paidCash dividends declared and paid— — — (183,788)— — — (183,788)
Other—
 —
 3,467
 (2,111) —
 —
 —
 1,356
Other— — 7,420 (7,420)— — — — 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax—
 —
     2,652
 —
 —
 2,652
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 753 — — 753 
Net income—
 —
 —
 575,667
 —
 —
 —
 575,667
Net income— — — 307,499 — — — 307,499 
Balance at December 31, 2018309,761
 $310
 $5,404,500
 $4,169,019
 $(8,154) (178,327) $(9,014,156) $551,519
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 2021325,174 $325 $7,041,576 $5,100,624 $(2,896)(200,313)$(11,592,372)$547,257 
See accompanying notes.

F-8

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Operating Activities(In thousands)
Net income$307,499 $504,446 $681,813 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets157,658 35,581 67,230 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment61,633 65,125 72,079 
Amortization of debt discount and transaction costs9,966 2,905 10,219 
Amortization of deferred costs76,640 57,539 44,829 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets51,089 49,704 50,163 
Stock-based compensation expense346,751 307,710 278,892 
Deferred income tax benefit(160,849)(3,974)(244,933)
Effects of exchange rate changes on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies11,709 (20,796)2,631 
Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets36,861 9,106 2,832 
Other non-cash items(10,931)17,209 7,798 
Total adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities580,527 520,109 291,740 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable(24,182)(151,830)(38,994)
Inventories(4,028)(4,220)3,046 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(42,932)(44,447)(7,129)
Other assets(105,548)(119,807)(74,152)
Income taxes, net(68,198)(51,505)(22,147)
Accounts payable64,219 7,532 8,994 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities(127,814)161,454 (25,722)
Deferred revenues101,773 106,785 (38,780)
Other liabilities(9,665)7,292 4,401 
Total changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions(216,375)(88,746)(190,483)
Net cash provided by operating activities671,651 935,809 783,070 
Investing Activities
Purchases of available-for-sale investments(23,719)(513,608)(20,003)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments— 157,248 942,985 
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments134,273 277,056 178,070 
Purchases of property and equipment(83,432)(41,438)(63,454)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(2,022,304)— — 
Cash paid for licensing agreements, patents and technology(12,129)(8,581)(3,500)
Other7,794 (8,982)1,651 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(1,999,517)(138,305)1,035,749 
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans283 — — 
Proceeds from term loan credit agreement, net of issuance costs997,947 998,846 — 
Repayment of term loan credit agreement(150,000)(750,000)— 
Proceeds from senior notes, net of issuance costs741,393 738,107 — 
Proceeds from credit facility— — 200,000 
Repayment of credit facility— — (200,000)
Repayment of acquired debt(190,000)— — 
Repayment on convertible notes— — (1,164,497)
Stock repurchases, net— (1,288,483)(453,853)
Cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards(115,491)(121,652)(89,213)
Cash paid for dividends(183,788)(172,006)(182,947)
Other(5,438)— — 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,094,906 (595,188)(1,890,510)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(5,942)4,818 (1,314)
Change in cash and cash equivalents(238,902)207,134 (73,005)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year752,895 545,761 618,766 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year$513,993 $752,895 $545,761 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
Operating Activities(In thousands)
Net income (loss)$575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
Loss (income) from discontinued operations—
 42,704
 (66,257)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets62,913
 82,878
 70,494
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment78,983
 87,137
 107,954
Amortization of debt discount and transaction costs39,099
 38,298
 37,085
Amortization of deferred costs38,144
 —
 —
Stock-based compensation expense203,619
 165,120
 152,739
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense(13,156) 94,158
 (21,654)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation—
 —
 (16,049)
Effects of exchange rate changes on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies7,950
 (7,645) 5,189
Other non-cash items11,872
 11,924
 8,618
Total adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities429,424
 471,870
 344,376
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions:     
Accounts receivable18,703
 (33,904) (61,662)
Inventories(8,239) (2,545) (4,133)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(7,855) (18,327) (12,077)
Other assets(33,638) 2,116
 (2,747)
Income taxes, net(56,988) 318,795
 42,431
Accounts payable6,804
 (7,238) (16,365)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities36,967
 34,886
 22,650
Deferred revenues69,499
 174,426
 142,381
Other liabilities5,001
 2,282
 22,459
Total changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions30,254
 470,491
 132,937
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations1,035,345
 964,346
 947,168
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of discontinued operations—
 (56,070) 168,662
Net cash provided by operating activities1,035,345
 908,276
 1,115,830
Investing Activities     
Purchases of available-for-sale investments(466,687) (1,155,659) (2,238,784)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments455,417
 775,135
 1,294,636
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments468,145
 466,900
 632,517
Purchases of property and equipment(69,354) (80,901) (85,035)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired(248,929) (60,449) (13,242)
Cash paid for licensing agreements and product related intangible assets(3,210) (7,379) (25,940)
Other(3,202) 2,323
 1,181
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of continuing operations132,180
 (60,030) (434,667)
Net cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations—
 (3,891) (49,537)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities132,180
 (63,921) (484,204)
Financing Activities     
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock-based compensation plans164
 2,114
 41,247
Proceeds from revolving credit facility—
 165,000
 —
Repayments on credit facility—
 (165,000) —
Proceeds from 2027 notes, net of issuance costs—
 741,039
 —
Repayment of acquired debt(5,674) (4,000) —
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation—
 —
 16,049
Stock repurchases, net(1,261,153) (1,174,957) (28,689)
Accelerated stock repurchase program—
 (150,000) —
Cash paid for tax withholding on vested stock awards(71,593) (80,040) (66,638)
Common stock cash dividends paid(46,799) —
 —
Repayment on convertible debt(272,986) —
 —
Transfer of cash to GoTo Business resulting from the separation—
 (28,523) —
Net cash used in financing activities(1,658,041) (694,367) (38,031)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(5,848) 8,186
 (5,157)
Change in cash and cash equivalents(496,364) 158,174
 588,438
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period, including cash of discontinued operations of $0, $120,861 and $57,762, respectively1,115,130
 956,956
 368,518
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period618,766
 1,115,130
 956,956
Less cash of discontinued operations—
 —
 (120,861)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period618,766
 $1,115,130
 $836,095
Supplemental Cash Flow Information     
Cash paid for income taxes$110,808
 $61,126
 $64,361
Cash paid for interest$41,834
 $8,764
 $7,847
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for income taxes$80,134 $92,838 $86,460 
Cash paid for interest$84,802 $52,638 $37,667 
Noncash financing activity:
Common stock issued for Employee Stock Purchase Plan$50,222 $44,635 $39,469 
See accompanying notes.
F-9
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



1. BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION
Citrix Systems, Inc. ("Citrix"(“Citrix” or the "Company"“Company”), is a Delaware corporation incorporated on April 17, 1989. Citrix aimsis an enterprise software company focused on helping organizations deliver a consistent and secure work experience no matter where work needs to power a better way to workget done — in the office, at home, or in the field. The Company does this by delivering the experience, security,a digital workspace solution that provides unified, reliable and choice peoplesecure access to all work resources (apps, content, etc.) and organizations need to unlock innovation, engage customers,simplifies work execution and be productive - anytime, anywhere.collaboration across every work channel, device, and location.
Citrix markets and licenses its solutions through multiple channels worldwide, including selling through resellers, direct and over the Web. Citrix's partner community comprises thousands of value-added resellers, or VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, systems integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs.
The Company's revenues are derived from sales of its Digital Workspace solutions, (formerly Workspace ServicesApp Delivery and Content Collaboration), NetworkingSecurity products and related Support and services. The Company operates under one1 reportable segment. The Company's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. See Note 12 for more information on the Company's segment.
On January 31, 2017, the Company completed the spin-off of its GoTo family of service offerings (the “Spin-off”) and subsequent merger of that business with LogMeIn, Inc. pursuant to a pro rata distribution to its stockholders of 100% of the shares of common stock of GetGo, Inc., or GetGo, its wholly-owned subsidiary. In these consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated, references to Citrix and the Company, refer to Citrix Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Spin-off. As a result of the Spin-off, the consolidated financial statements reflect the GoTo Business operations, assets and liabilities, and cash flows as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Refer to Note 3 for additional information regarding discontinued operations.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation Policy
The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries in the Americas; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”); and Asia-Pacific and Japan ("APJ"(“APJ”). All significant transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Revenue RecognitionBusiness Combinations
In May 2014,October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update ("ASC 606"(“FASB”) on revenue recognition. The new guidance creates a single, principle-based model for revenue recognition that expands and improves disclosures about revenue. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the accounting standard update for revenue from contracts with customers on a modified retrospective basis, applying the practical expedient to all contracts that the Company had not completed as of January 1, 2018. The Company elected the modified retrospective method of adoption; and consequently, results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the revenue accounting literature in effect during those periods. The Company recorded a net increase to retained earnings of $130.7 million as of January 1, 2018 as a result of the transition, with the impact primarily related to the cumulative effect of a decrease in deferred revenue from the upfront recognition of term licenses and the general requirement to allocate the transaction price on a relative stand-alone selling price of $99.9 million, and an increase in contract assets of $7.3 million, the cumulative effect of a decrease in commission expense of $66.4 million, partially offset by an increase from the cumulative effect of the impact on deferred income taxes of $42.9 million.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The impact of adoption of ASC 606 to the Company’s consolidated statements of income and balance sheets are as follows:
  Year Ended December 31, 2018
  As Reported Balances without adoption of ASC 606 
Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower)
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total net revenues $2,973,903
 $2,966,848
 $7,055
Total cost of net revenues 433,803
 431,974
 1,829
Gross profit 2,540,100
 2,534,874
 5,226
Total operating expenses 1,862,140
 1,890,692
 (28,552)
Income from operations 677,960
 644,182
 33,778
Net income $575,667
 $548,430
 $27,237
  
    
Basic earnings per share $4.23
 $4.03
 $0.20
Diluted earnings per share $3.94
 $3.76
 $0.18
  As of December 31, 2018
  As Reported Balances without adoption of ASC 606 
Effect of Change
Higher/(Lower)
  (in thousands)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)
 $174,195
 $147,554
 $26,641
Other assets (2)
 124,578
 52,732
 71,846
Deferred tax assets, net 136,998
 169,064
 (32,066)
Total assets $5,136,049
 $5,069,628
 $66,421
       
Other liabilities (3)
 148,499
 135,430
 13,069
Current portion of deferred revenues 1,345,243
 1,413,839
 (68,596)
Long-term portion of deferred revenues 489,329
 526,763
 (37,434)
Total liabilities $4,576,420
 $4,669,381
 $(92,961)
       
Stockholders' Equity:      
Retained earnings $4,169,019
 $4,009,637
 $159,382
(1) As reported primarily includes contract acquisition costs of $41.0 million. The balance without adoption of ASC 606 includes contract acquisition costs of $14.2 million.
(2) As reported primarily includes contract acquisition costs of $68.2 million.
(3) As reported includes deferred tax liabilities of $54.7 million. The balance without adoption of ASC 606 includes deferred tax liabilities of $56.6 million.
Adoption of the standard had no impact to cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities on the Company’s consolidated cash flows statements.
Accounting for Business Combinations
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for business combinations by clarifying the definition ofcombinations. The new guidance requires companies to apply revenue guidance under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business withcombination on the objectiveacquisition date. This approach differs from the current requirement to measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. The update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses.2023, though early adoption is permitted. The Company adoptedis currently evaluating the standard effective January 1, 2018. Thetiming of adoption and impact of this standard had no impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.new standard.
Accounting for Income Taxes
In October 2016,December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB issued an accounting standard update on income taxes. The new guidance eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

inventory when the transaction occurs as opposed to deferring tax consequences and amortizing them into future periods. A modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption is required.taxes. The Company adopted thethis standard effective January 1, 2018.2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Accounting for InvestmentsFacilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
In January 2016,March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB issued an accounting standard update to guidance applicable to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This update provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the recognition and measurementpotential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments are effective for all entities as of financial assets and liabilities. Under the standard, equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient are eligible for the measurement alternative. For the Company’s equity investments in private equity securities, which do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company has elected the measurement alternative defined as cost, less impairment, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. For certain of the Company’s equity investments in private equity funds, the Company has elected to use the net asset value practical expedient. The guidance of this accounting standard update was adopted effective January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting the accounting standard update was not material to the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update that clarified and amended some of the updates made in the January 2016 update to the recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities.March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Company has elected to early adopt this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018. Theis currently evaluating the impact, of adopting the accounting standard update was not material to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for leases. The new guidance requires that lessees in a leasing arrangement recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Under the original guidance, the modified retrospective method of adoption was mandatory, and would have required application of the standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. However, in July 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an update which permits entities to adopt the standard using another transition method. Under this optional transition method, the Company would recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method. The Company has concluded an assessment of its systems, data and processes related to the implementation of this accounting standard and has substantially completed its information technology system design and solution development. Adoption of the standard is expected to result in the recognition of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases (net of previously recorded lease losses related to the consolidated leased facilities) in the range of $200.0 million to $250.0 million. The Companybut does not expect a material impact to its results of operations.

Accounting for Cloud Computing Costs

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The standard can be adopted either using the prospective or retrospective transition approach. The Company will early adopt this standard on January 1, 2019 and does not expect a material impact from adoption on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
Fair Value Measurements
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on fair value measurements. The new guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by removing certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value hierarchy, modifying existing disclosure requirements related to measurement uncertainty, and adding new disclosure requirements. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company'sits consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications of the prior years' amounts have been made to conform to the current year's presentation.
Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company revised its presentation of revenue to align with its transition to a subscription business model as follows: (1) subscription revenue, which includes revenue from the Company's cloud services offerings and on-premise subscriptions as well as revenue from its Citrix Service Provider ("CSP") offerings; (2) product and license revenue from perpetual product and license offerings; and (3) support and services revenue for perpetual product and license offerings.
This change in manner of presentation did not affect the Company's total net revenues, total cost of net revenues or gross margin. Conforming changes have been made for all periods presented, as follows (in thousands):

F-10
Year Ended December 31, 2017
As Previously Reported Amount Reclassified As Reported
Revenues:  
 Revenues: 
Software as a service$175,762
 $138,973
 Subscription$314,735
Product and licenses (1)
857,253
 (90,476) Product and license766,777
License updates and maintenance (2)
1,659,936
 83,238
 
Support and services (3)
1,743,174
Professional services131,735
 (131,735)   
Total net revenues$2,824,686
 $—
 Total net revenues$2,824,686
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2016
As Previously Reported Amount Reclassified As Reported
Revenues:    Revenues: 
Software as a service$134,682
 $110,924
 Subscription$245,606
Product and licenses (1)
882,898
 (71,923) Product and license810,975
License updates and maintenance (2)
1,587,271
 92,228
 
Support and services (3)
1,679,499
Professional services131,229
 (131,229)   
Total net revenues$2,736,080
 $—
 Total net revenues$2,736,080

(1)Product and licenses as previously reported included revenue from CSPs and on-premise subscriptions that are now included in Subscription. Current period presentation only includes revenues from perpetual offerings and hardware.
(2)License updates and maintenance as previously reported included revenue from CSPs and on-premise license updates and maintenance that are now included in Subscription.
(3)Support and services includes revenues from license updates and maintenance from perpetual offerings as well as professional services.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates made by management include estimation for reserves for legal contingencies, the standalone selling price of certain performance obligations related to revenue recognition, the provision for doubtfulcredit losses related to accounts receivable, contract assets, and available-for-sale debt securities, the provision to reduce obsolete or excess inventory to market,net realizable value, the provision for estimated returns, as well as sales allowances, the assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards and measurement of expense related to performance stock units, the assumptions used in the discounted cash flows to mark certain of its investments to market, the valuation of the Company’s goodwill, valuation of acquired intangible assets and liabilities, net realizable value of product related and other intangible assets, the provision for lease losses, the provision for income taxes, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, and the amortization and depreciation periods for contract acquisition costs, intangible and long-lived assets. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair when considered in conjunction with the consolidated financial position and results of operations taken as a whole, the actual amounts of such items, when known, will vary from these estimates.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 include marketable securities, which are primarily money market funds, commercial paper, agency,corporate securities and government securities, municipal securities and corporate securities with initial or remaining contractual maturities when purchased of three months or less.
Available-for-sale Investments
Short-term and long-term available for sale investments in debt securities at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 primarily consist of agency securities, corporate securities municipal securities and government securities. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company classifies its available-for-sale investments as current and non-current based on their actual remaining time to maturity. The Company does not recognize unrealized changes in the fair value of its available-for-sale investmentsdebt securities in income unless a declinesecurity is deemed to be impaired.
The allowance for credit losses on the Company's investments in available-for-sale debt securities is determined using a quantitative discounted cash flow analysis if impairment triggers exist after a qualitative screen is completed. Impairment on available-for-sale debt securities is determined on an individual security basis and the security is subject to impairment when its fair value declines below its amortized cost basis. If the fair value is considered other-than-temporaryless than the amortized cost basis, management must then determine whether it intends to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before it recovers its value. If management intends to sell the security or will more-likely-than-not be required to sell the impaired security before it recovers its value, a credit loss is recorded to Other income, net in accordancethe accompanying consolidated statements of income. If management does not intend to sell the security, nor will it more-likely-than-not be required to sell the security before the security recovers its value, management must then determine whether the loss is due to credit loss or other factors. For impairment indicators due to credit loss factors, management establishes an allowance for credit losses with a charge to Other income, net. For impairment indicators due to other factors, management records the loss with a charge to Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
See Note 5 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.
Fair Value Measurements
The authoritative guidance defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would either be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
•Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
•Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
F-11
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Available-for-sale securities included in Level 2 are valued utilizing inputs obtained from an independent pricing service (the “Service”) which uses quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. The Service applies a four level hierarchical pricing methodology to all of the Company’s fixed income securities based on the circumstances. The hierarchy starts with the authoritative guidance.

highest priority pricing source, then subsequently uses inputs obtained from other third-party sources and large custodial institutions. The Company’s investment policy is designed to limit exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality. The Company uses information provided by third parties to adjust the carrying value of certain of its investments to fair value at the end of each period. Fair values are based onService’s providers utilize a variety of inputs andto determine their quoted prices. These inputs may include interest rates, known historical trades, yield curve information, benchmark data, prepayment speeds, credit quality and broker/dealer quotes. Substantially all of the Company’s available-for-sale investments are valued utilizing inputs obtained from the Service and accordingly are categorized as Level 2. The Company periodically independently assesses the pricing obtained from the Service and historically has not adjusted the Service's pricing as a result of this assessment. Available-for-sale securities are included in Level 3 when relevant observable inputs for a security are not available.
The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. In certain instances, the inputs used to measure fair value may meet the definition of more than one level of the fair value hierarchy. The input with the lowest level priority is used to determine the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 5 for investment information.
Accounts Receivable
The Company’s accounts receivable are attributable primarily to direct sales to end customers via the Web and through value-added resellers, or VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, value-added distributors, or VADs, systems integrators, or SIs, independent software vendors, or ISVs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs and Citrix Service Providers, or CSPs. Collateral is generally not required. The Company also maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability ofadditional information regarding the Company’s customers to make payments which includes both general and specific reserves. The Company periodically reviews these estimated allowances by conducting an analysis of the customer's payment history and credit worthiness, the age of the trade receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to make payments. Based on this review, the Company specifically reserves for those accounts deemed uncollectible. When receivables are determined to be uncollectible, principal amounts of such receivables outstanding are deducted from the allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $3.6 million and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. If the financial condition of a significant customer were to deteriorate, the Company’s operating results could be adversely affected. As of December 31, 2018, one distributor, the Arrow Group, accounted for 17% of gross accounts receivable. At December 31, 2017, one distributor, the Arrow Group, accounted for 14% of gross accounts receivable.fair value measurements.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a standard cost basis, which approximates actual cost. The Company’s inventories primarily consist of finished goods as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017.2020.
Contract acquisition costs
In conjunction with the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, theThe Company is required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions paid and related payroll taxes when contracts are signed. The asset recognized from capitalized incremental and recoverable acquisition costs is amortized over the expected period of benefit on a basis consistent with the pattern of transfer of the products or services to which the asset relates andrelates. The Company elects to apply a practical expedient to expense contract acquisition costs as incurred where the pattern of transfer is recognized in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
one year or less.
The Company’s typical contracts include performance obligations related to subscription, product and licenses, and support. In these contracts, incrementalsupport and services. Contract acquisition costs of obtaining a contract are allocated to the performance obligations based onusing a portfolio approach. The Company assesses its sales compensation plans at least annually to evaluate whether contract acquisition costs for renewals and extensions are commensurate with those related to initial contracts. If concluded to be commensurate, the relative estimated standalone selling prices and then recognizedcontract acquisition costs are amortized over the contractual term on a basis that is consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goodsproducts or services to which the asset relates. If concluded not to be commensurate, the contract acquisition costs are amortized over the greater of the contractual term or estimated customer life on a basis consistent with the pattern of transfer of the products or services to which the asset relates. The commissions paid on annual renewals of support for product and licenses are not commensurate with the initial commission. The costs allocated to product and licenses are expensed at the time of sale, when revenue for the product and functional software licenses is recognized. The costs allocated to customer support for product and licenses are amortized ratably over a period of the greater of the contract term or the average customer life, the expected period of benefit of the asset capitalized. The Company currently estimates an average customer life of twothree years to five years, which it believes is appropriate based on consideration of the historical average customer life and the estimated useful life of the underlying product and
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

license sold as part of the transaction. Amortization of contract acquisition costs related to support are limited to the contractual period of the arrangement as the Company intends to pay a commensurate commission upon renewal of the related support. For contracts that contain multi-year services or subscriptions, the amortization period of the capitalized costs is the expected period of benefit, which is the greater of the contractual term or the expected customer life.
The Company elects to apply a practical expedient to expense contract acquisition costs as incurred where the expected period of benefit is one year or less.
For the yearyears ended on December 31, 2018,2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded amortization of capitalized contract acquisition costs of $38.1$76.6 million, in relation to costs capitalized during the year,$57.5 million and $44.8 million, respectively, which are recordedincluded in Sales, Marketing and Services expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. There was no impairment loss in relation to costs capitalized during the year ended onAs of December 31, 2018.2021 and 2020, the Company's short-term and long-term contract acquisition costs were $82.4 million and $144.2 million, and $71.5 million and $124.7 million, respectively, and are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company records derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. For derivatives that are designated as and qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the portion ofunrealized gain or loss on the derivative instrument effective at offsetting changes in the hedged item is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings as operating expense, net, when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings as Other (expense) income, net, in the period during which changes in fair value occur. The application of the authoritative guidance could impact the volatility of earnings.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes attributing all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to floating rate assets or liabilities orof forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the inception of
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. Fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the hedged item; however, if it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative.
The Company is exposed to risk of default by its hedging counterparties. Although this risk is concentrated among a limited number of counterparties, the Company’s foreign exchange hedging policy attempts to minimize this risk by placing limits on the amount of exposure that may exist with any single financial institution at a time.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer equipment and software;equipment; the lesser of the lease term or ten years for leasehold improvements, which is the estimated useful life; seven years for office equipment and furniture and the Company’s enterprise resource planning systems; and 40forty years for buildings.
During 20182021 and 2017,2020, the Company retired $13.4$196.7 million and $16.9$9.3 million, respectively, in property and equipment that were no longer in use. At the time of retirement, the remaining net book value of the assets retired was not material and no material asset retirement obligations were associated with them.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Property and equipment consistconsisted of the following:
  December 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
Buildings $76,152
 $76,152
Computer equipment 189,333
 176,140
Software 433,033
 388,583
Equipment and furniture 78,401
 73,700
Leasehold improvements 182,848
 168,656
  959,767
 883,231
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (741,587) (675,892)
Assets under construction 8,447
 28,824
Land 16,769
 16,769
Total $243,396
 $252,932
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Buildings$68,663 $76,152 
Computer equipment194,317 209,605 
Software431,237 467,553 
Equipment and furniture65,113 88,019 
Leasehold improvements161,425 201,645 
920,755 1,042,974 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(733,130)(861,933)
Assets under construction15,044 11,001 
Land16,362 16,769 
Total$219,031 $208,811 
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews for impairment of long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset compared to its carrying value. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of restructuring activities, the Company impaired certain property and equipment and recorded charges of $8.5 million, which are included in Restructuring in the consolidated statements of income. See Note 17 for further information about the restructuring.
Goodwill
The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test. During 2018, the Company initiated an effort to streamline and simplify its product branding and packaging, which included naming updates to the portfolio to provide clarity on the Company's offerings and unify its sales motions. The change resulted in the Company consolidating its Content Collaboration product group with Workspace Services and renaming the new product group Digital Workspace. As a result, the Company's two reporting units (Enterprise and Service Provider and Content Collaboration) were combined into one, consistent with how management reviews the operating results of the business. In connection with this change, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill assessment of the reporting units and determined there were no indicators of impairment during the third quarter of 2018. The change in reporting units did not result in a reallocation of goodwill or a change in reportable segments.
In addition, thereThere was no impairment of goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets as a result of the annual impairment analysis completed during the fourth quarters of 20182021 and 2017.2020. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions and Note 12 for more information regarding the Company's segments.segment.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the change in goodwill during 20182021 and 20172020 (in thousands):
 Balance at January 1, 2018 Additions Other Balance at December 31, 2018 Balance at January 1, 2017 Additions Other Balance at December 31, 2017
Goodwill$1,614,494
 $188,176
(1)$—
 $1,802,670
 $1,585,893
 $28,601
(2)$—
 $1,614,494
Balance at January 1, 2021AdditionsOtherBalance at December 31, 2021Balance at January 1, 2020AdditionsOtherBalance at December 31, 2020
Goodwill$1,798,408 $1,602,384 (1)$— $3,400,792 $1,798,408 $— $— $1,798,408 
(1)Amount relates to preliminary purchase price allocation of goodwill associated with the 2018 business combinations. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions.
(2)Amount relates to the purchase price allocation of goodwill associated with the 2017 business combination. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions.
(1)Amounts relate to the Wrike acquisition. See Note 6 for more information.
Intangible Assets
The Company has intangible assets which were primarily acquired in conjunction with business combinations and technology purchases. Intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally threetwo to seven years, except for patents, which are amortized over the lesser of their remaining life or seven to ten years. In-process R&D is initially capitalized at fair value as an
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for impairment thereafter. When in-process R&D projects are completed, the corresponding amount is reclassified as an amortizable intangible asset and is amortized over the asset's estimated useful life.
Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
 December 31, 2021
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Weighted-Average Life (Years)
Product related intangible assets$1,049,406 $704,190 6.09
Other664,791 249,714 6.57
Total$1,714,197 $953,904 6.28
 December 31, 2018
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Weighted-Average Life (Years)
Product related intangible assets$746,152
 $601,993
 6.06
Other227,922
 204,894
 6.40
Total$974,074
 $806,887
 6.14
December 31, 2017 December 31, 2020
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 Weighted-Average Life (Years)
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Weighted-Average Life (Years)
Product related intangible assets$663,004
 $554,934
 6.10Product related intangible assets$742,949 $665,798 6.06
Other222,923
 189,041
 6.49Other187,791 183,451 6.22
Total$885,927
 $743,975
 6.20Total$930,740 $849,249 6.09
Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets, which consists primarily of product-relatedproduct related technologies and patents, was $47.1$91.4 million and $65.7$32.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, and is classified as a component of Cost of net revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships, trade names, backlog and covenants not to compete was $15.9$66.3 million and $17.2$2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, and is classified as a component of Operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
The Company monitors its intangible assets for indicators of impairment. If the Company determines that impairment has occurred, it writes-down the intangible asset to its fair value. For certain intangible assets where the unamortized balances exceed the undiscounted future net cash flow, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by calculating the amount by which the carrying values exceed the estimated fair values, which are based on projected discounted future net cash flows.
During the year ended December 31, 2017,2021, the Company's management performed a comprehensive operational review which included an evaluation of all its products. In connection with this review, the Company determined that the Sapho Inc. technology, which was acquired by the Company on November 13, 2018, was a non-core solution and that the related product offerings will no longer be developed by the Company. As a result, the Company impaired the remaining carrying value related to this acquired developed technology and recorded impairment charges of $19.4 million, which are included in Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company tested certain intangible assets for recoverability and, as a result, identified certain definite-lived intangible assets, primarily technology developed technology,by Cedexis Inc., which was acquired by the Company on February 6, 2018, that were impaired and recorded non-cash impairment charges of $18.0$13.2 million to write down the intangible assets to their estimated fair valuevalue of$1.6 million. Of the $4.1 million. The impairment charge $15.5 million is included in Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets and $2.5 million is included in Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. TheseThis non-recurring fair value measurements weremeasurement was categorized as Level 3, as significant unobservable inputs were used in the valuation analysis. Key assumptions used in the valuation include forecasts of revenue and expenses over an extended period of time, customer retentionchurn rates, rate of migration to future technology, tax rates, and estimated costs of debt and equity capital to discount the projected cash flows. Certain of these assumptions involve significant judgment, are based on management’s estimate of current and
F-14
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
forecasted market conditions and are sensitive and susceptible to change; therefore,, further disruptions in the business could potentially result in additional amounts becoming impaired.
Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives as of December 31, 20182021 is as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,
2022$147,166 
2023138,618 
2024130,755 
2025128,270 
2026126,699 
Thereafter88,785 
     Total$760,293 
Year ending December 31, 
2019$50,981
202038,482
202124,494
202222,644
202319,292
Thereafter11,294
     Total$167,187
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Software Development Costs
The authoritative guidance requires certain internal software development costs related to software to be sold to be capitalized upon the establishment of technological feasibility. The Company's software development costs incurred subsequent to achieving technological feasibility have not been significant and substantially all software development costs have been expensed as incurred.
Internal Use Software
In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services and internal costs such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of new functionality in internal use software. The amount of costs capitalized during the years ended 2018December 31, 2021 and 20172020 relating to internal use software was $14.8$3.7 million and $41.5$2.1 million, respectively. These costs are being amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years to seven years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internal use software was approximately $25.9$5.8 million, $27.3$12.6 million and $37.8$19.7 million, during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively.
The Company capitalized costs related to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service related to its Digital Workspace offerings, incurred during the application development stage, of $7.3$31.1 million and $15.2$22.3 million, during the years ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively, and is amortizing these costs once the project is completed and placed in service over the expected lives of the related services, which is generally two years to five years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service was approximately $14.4$12.6 million, $18.5$11.8 million and $16.8$13.0 million, during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively, which are included in Cost of subscription, support and services.services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of certain restructuring activities, the Company impaired the remaining carrying value of $6.2 million related to capitalized internal use software that has no ongoing economic benefit, which is included in Restructuring in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. See Note 17 for further information about the restructuring.
Pension Liability
The Company provides retirement benefits to certain employees who are not U.S. based. Generally, benefits under these programs are based on an employee’s length of service and level of compensation. The majority of these programs are commonly referred to as termination indemnities, which provide retirement benefits in accordance with programs mandated by the governments of the countries in which such employees work.
The Company had accrued $11.2$10.0 million and $13.2$14.0 million for these pension liabilities at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively. Expenses for the programs for 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 20162019 amounted to $1.8$1.2 million,, $2.6 $1.2 million and $2.5$1.6 million,, respectively.
F-15
Revenue
The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue.
Subscription
Subscription revenues primarily consist of cloud-hosted offerings which provide customers a right to use, or a right to access, one or more of the Company’s cloud-hosted subscription offerings, with routine customer support, as well as revenues from the CSP program and on-premise subscription software licenses. For the Company’s cloud-hosted performance obligations, revenue is generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company's service is made available to the customer, as the Company continuously provides online access to the web-based software that the customer can use at any time. The CSP program provides subscription-based services in which the CSP partners host software services to their end users.
Product and license
Product and license revenues are primarily derived from perpetual offerings related to the Company’s Digital Workspace solutions and Networking products. For performance obligations related to perpetual software license agreements, the Company determined that its licenses are functional intellectual property that are distinct as the user can benefit from the software on its own as defined under the new revenue standard.
Support and services
Support and services includes license updates, maintenance and professional services revenues. License updates and
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

maintenance revenues are primarily comprised of software and hardware maintenance, when and if-available updates and technical support. For performance obligations related to license updates and maintenance, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of service because the Company transfers control evenly by providing a stand-ready service. That is, the Company is continuously working on improving its products and pushing those updates through to the customer, and stands ready to provide software updates on a when and if-available basis. Services revenues are comprised of fees from consulting services primarily related to the implementation of the Company’s products and fees from product training and certification.
The Company’s typical performance obligations include the following:
Performance Obligation
When Performance Obligation
is Typically Satisfied
Subscription
Cloud hosted offeringsOver the contract term, beginning on the date that service is made available to the customer (over time)
CSPAs the usage occurs (over time)
On-premise subscription software licensesWhen software activation keys have been made available for download (point in time)
Product and license
Software LicensesWhen software activation keys have been made available for download (point in time)
HardwareWhen control of the product passes to the customer; typically upon shipment (point in time)
Support and services
License updates and maintenanceRatably over the course of the service term (over time)
Professional servicesAs the services are provided (over time)
Revenue
Significant Judgments
The Company generates all of its revenues from contracts with customers. At contract inception, the Company assesses the solutions or services, or bundles of solutions and services, obligated in the contract with a customer to identify each performance obligation within the contract, and then evaluates whether the performance obligations are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. Solutions and services that are not both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract are combined and treated as a single performance obligation in determining the allocation and recognition of revenue.
The standalone selling price is the price at which the Company would sell a promised product or service separately to the customer. For the majority of the Company's software licenses and hardware, CSP and on-premise subscription software licenses, the Company uses the observable price in transactions with multiple performance obligations. For the majority of the Company’s support and services, and cloud-hosted subscription offerings, the Company uses the observable price when the Company sells that support and service and cloud-hosted subscription separately to similar customers. If the standalone selling price for a performance obligation is not directly observable, the Company estimates it. The Company estimates the standalone selling price by taking into consideration market conditions, economics of the offering and customers’ behavior. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and applies estimation methods consistently in similar circumstances. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised products or services are transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company generates all of its revenues from contracts with customers.
Sales tax
The Company records revenue net of sales tax.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Timing of revenue recognition
  For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
  (In Thousands)
Products and services transferred at a point in time $821,111
Products and services transferred over time 2,152,792
Total net revenues $2,973,903
Contract balances
The Company's short-term and long-term contract assets were not significant as of December 31, 2018. The Current portion of deferred revenues and the Long-term portion of deferred revenues were $1.25 billion and $512.8 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2018 and $1.35 billion and $489.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The difference in the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized $1.25 billion of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 1, 2018.
The Company performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring solutions and services in exchange for consideration from the customer. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. The timing of the Company’s performance often differs from the timing of the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a contract asset or a contract liability. The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The Company recognizes a contract liability when it has received consideration or an amount of consideration is due from the customer and the Company has a future obligation to transfer products or services. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets as of December 31, 2018. 
For the Company’s software and hardware products, the timing of payment is typically upfront for its perpetual offerings and the Company’s on-premise subscriptions. Therefore, deferred revenue is created when a contract includes performance obligations such as license updates and maintenance or certain professional services that are satisfied over time. For subscription contracts, the timing of payment is typically in advance of services, and deferred revenue is created as these services are provided over time.
A significant portion of the Company’s contracts have an original duration of one year or less; therefore, the Company applies a practical expedient to determine whether a significant financing component exists and does not consider the effects of the time value of money. For multi-year contracts, the Company bills annually.
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):
  <1-3 years 3-5 years 5 years or more Total
Subscription $431,527
 $45,790
 $535
 $477,852
Support and services 1,637,387
 55,738
 2,059
 1,695,184
Total net revenues $2,068,914
 $101,528
 $2,594
 $2,173,036
Product Concentration
The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from its Digital Workspace solutions, which include its Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops solutions and related services, and anticipates that these solutions and future derivative solutions and product lines based upon this technology will continue to constitute a majority of its revenue. The Company could experience declines in demand for its Digital Workspace solutions and other solutions, whether as a result of general economic conditions, the delay or reduction in technology purchases, new competitive product releases, price competition, and lack of success of its strategic partners, technological change or other factors. Additionally, the Company's NetworkingApp Delivery and Security products generate revenues from a limited number of customers. As a result, if the NetworkingApp Delivery and Security product grouping loses certain customers
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

or one or more such customers significantly decreases its orders, the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Cost of Net Revenues
Cost of subscription, support and services revenues consists primarily of compensation and other personnel-related costs of providing technical support, consulting and cloud capacity costs, as well as the costs related to providing the Company's offerings delivered via the cloud.cloud and hardware costs related to certain on-premise subscriptions offerings.
Cost of product and license revenues consists primarily of hardware, royalties, product media and duplication, manuals, shipping expense, and packaging materials.
In addition, the Company is a party to licensing agreements with various entities, which give the Company the right to use certain software code in its solutions or in the development of future solutions in exchange for the payment of fixed fees or amounts based upon the sales of the related product. The licensing agreements generally have terms ranging from one to five years, and generally include renewal options. However, some agreements are perpetual unless expressly terminated. Royalties and other costsCosts related to these agreements are also included in Cost of net revenues.
Also included in Cost of net revenues is amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency for all of the Company’s wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities of such subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are remeasured at average rates prevailing during the year. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are the result of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency, including U.S. dollars.currency. The remeasurement of those foreign currency transactions is included in determining net income or loss for the period of exchange.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. The Company has advertising agreements with, and purchases advertising from, online media providers to advertise its solutions. The Company also has strategic development funds and cooperative advertising agreements with certain distributors and resellers whereby the Company will reimburse distributors and resellers for qualified advertising of Company solutions. Reimbursement is made once the distributor, reseller or provider provides substantiation of qualified expenses. The Company estimates the impact of these expenses and recognizes them at the time of product sales as a reduction of net revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The total costs the Company recognized related to advertising were approximately $99.1$135.5 million,, $85.6 $118.4 million and $72.8$90.4 million,, during the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company and one or more of its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income taxes in the United States, as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is not currently under examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service. With few exceptions, the Company is generally not subject to examination for state and local income tax, or in non-U.S. jurisdictions by tax authorities for years prior to 2015.
In the ordinary course of global business, there are transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; thus, judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. The Company provides for income taxes on transactions based on its estimate of the probable liability. The Company adjusts its provision as appropriate for changes that impact its underlying judgments. Changes that impact provision estimates include such items as jurisdictional interpretations on tax filing positions based on the results of tax audits and general tax authority rulings. The Company provides for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries in the year the tax is incurred. Due to the evolving nature of tax rules combined with the large number of jurisdictions in which the Company operates, estimates of its tax liability and the realizability of its deferred tax assets could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
The Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates as part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements. The authoritative guidance requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company reviews deferred tax assets periodically for recoverability and makes estimates and judgments regarding the expected geographic sources of taxable income and gains from investments, as well as tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.

See Note 11 for further information regarding income taxes.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Company has various stock-based compensation plans for its employees and outside directors and accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires the Company to measure and record compensation expense in its consolidated financial statements using a fair value method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. See Note 8 for further information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.
Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to stockholders by the weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of
common and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Dilutive common share equivalents consist of
shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of stock awards and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan
(calculated (calculated using the treasury stock method) during the period they were outstanding and potential dilutive common shares
from the conversion spread on the Company’s 0.500% Convertible Notes due 2019 (the “Convertible Notes”) and the Company's warrants. Duringwarrants during the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the computation of diluted earnings per share does not include common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Company's warrants because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.period they were outstanding. The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the earnings per share calculation is presented in Note 15.
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
On January 31, 2017, the Company completed the Spin-off and its financial results are presented as (Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. The following table presents the financial results of the GoTo Business through the date of the Spin-off for the indicated periods and do not include corporate overhead allocations:
     
  2017 2016
 (in thousands)
Net revenues $58,215
 $682,185
Cost of net revenues 15,456
 154,652
Gross margin 42,759
 527,533
Operating expenses: 

 

Research and development 9,108
 93,892
Sales, marketing and services 20,881
 209,475
General and administrative 7,636
 63,270
Amortization of other intangible assets 1,176
 14,097
Restructuring 3,189
 3,721
Separation 40,573
 54,084
Total operating expenses 82,563
 438,539
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes (39,804) 88,994
Income tax expense 2,900
 22,737
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income tax $(42,704) $66,257
Leases
The Company incurred significant costs in connection withleases certain office space and equipment under various leases. In addition to rent, the separation of its GoTo Business, which were primarily included in discontinued operations. These costs relate primarilyleases require the Company to third-party advisory and consulting services, retention payments to certain employees, incremental stock-based compensationpay for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other costs directly related to the separation of the GoTo Business. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, theoperating expenses. The Company incurred $0.5 million and $2.5 million of separation costs in continuing operations, whichdetermines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Generaloperating lease right-of-use assets, accrued expenses and administrative expenseother current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the accompanyingCompany’s consolidated statements of income.
As a result ofbalance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Spin-off,Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases were not material to the Company recorded a $475.2 million reduction in retained earnings which included net assets of $461.8 millionconsolidated balance sheets as of JanuaryDecember 31, 2017. Of this amount, $28.5 million represents cash transferred2021 and 2020, respectively.
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the GoTo Business, withlease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the remainder considered a non-cash activity in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Spin-off also resulted in a reduction of Accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with foreign currency translation adjustments of $13.4 million, which was reclassified to Retained earnings.lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are
F-17
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. ACQUISITIONS
2018 Business Combinations
Sapho, Inc.

On November 13, 2018,recognized at the commencement date. The lease liability is based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company acquired alluses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset is based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs, and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. For most operating leases, expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has lease agreements with lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs), which are generally accounted for as a single lease component, such as for real estate leases. For certain equipment leases, such as colocation facilities, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components separately.
3. REVENUE
The following is a description of the issued and outstanding securitiesprincipal activities from which the Company generates revenue.

Subscription

Subscription revenues primarily consist of Sapho, Inc. (“Sapho”), whose technology is intendedcloud-hosted offerings which provide customers a right to advanceaccess one or more of the Company’s development ofcloud-hosted subscription offerings, with routine customer support, as well as revenues from the intelligent workspace.Citrix Service Provider (“CSP”) program, on-premise subscription software licenses, and hybrid subscription offerings. The acquired technology enables efficient workstyles by creating a unifiedCSP program provides subscription-based services in which the CSP partners host software services to their end users.
Product and customizable notification experience for business applications. The total preliminary cash consideration for this transaction was $182.9 million, net of $3.7 million cash acquired. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not significant.license

Cedexis, Inc.
On February 6, 2018, the Company acquired all of the issuedProduct and outstanding securities of Cedexis, Inc. (“Cedexis”) whose solution is a real-time data driven service for dynamically optimizing the flow of traffic across public clouds and data centers that provides a dynamic and reliable way to route and manage Internet performance for customers moving towards hybrid and multi-cloud deployments. The total cash consideration for this transaction was $66.0 million, net of $6.0 million cash acquired. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not significant.
Purchase Accounting for the 2018 Business Combinations
The purchase prices for the companies acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018, which include Sapho and Cedexis (collectively, the "2018 Business Combinations"), were allocated to the respective acquired company's net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The allocation of the total purchase prices is summarized below (in thousands):
 Sapho Cedexis
 Purchase Price Allocation Asset Life Purchase Price Allocation Asset Life
Current assets$4,671
 
 $8,961
 
Intangible assets53,600
 5 years 27,200
 1-6 years
Goodwill144,173
 Indefinite 44,003
 Indefinite
Deferred taxes—
 
 3,173
 
Other assets—
 
 69
 
Assets acquired202,444
   83,406
  
Current liabilities assumed3,323
   5,711
  
Assumed debt—
   5,674
  
Other long term liabilities assumed370
   —
  
Deferred taxes12,094
   —
  
Net assets acquired$186,657
   $72,021
  
Current assets acquired in connection with the 2018 Business Combinations consistedlicense revenues are primarily of cash, accounts receivable and other short-term assets. Current liabilities assumed in connection with the 2018 Business Combinations consisted primarily of accounts payable and other accrued expenses. Assumed debt for the Cedexis acquisition consisted primarily of short-term and long-term debt, which was paid in full subsequent to the acquisition date. The Company continues to evaluate certain assets and liabilitiesderived from perpetual offerings related to the Sapho acquisition that may be subject to change through the remainder of the measurement period,Company’s Workspace solutions and App Delivery and Security products.
Support and services
Support and services revenues include license updates, maintenance and professional services which will extend not more than twelve months from the acquisition date.
The goodwillare primarily related to the 2018 Business Combinations is not deductible for tax purposesCompany's perpetual offerings. License updates and ismaintenance revenues are primarily comprised of software and hardware maintenance, when and if-available updates and technical support. Services revenues are comprised of fees from consulting services primarily related to the implementation of expected synergiesthe Company’s products and fees from combining operationsproduct training and other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.certification.
F-18
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company’s typical performance obligations include the following:

Performance ObligationWhen Performance Obligation
is Typically Satisfied
Subscription
Cloud-hosted offeringsOver the contract term, beginning on the date that service is made available to the customer (over time)
CSPAs the usage occurs (over time)
On-premise subscription software licensesWhen software activation keys have been made available for download (point in time)
On-premise subscription license updates and maintenanceRatably over the course of the service term (over time)
Product and license
Software licensesWhen software activation keys have been made available for download (point in time)
HardwareWhen control of the product passes to the customer; typically upon shipment (point in time)
Support and services
License updates and maintenance for perpetual software licensesRatably over the course of the service term (over time)
Professional servicesAs the services are provided (over time)
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with the 2018 Business Combinations (in thousands) and the weighted-average lives are as follows:
 Sapho Asset Life Cedexis Asset Life
Customer relationships$1,600
 5 years $2,000
 1 year
Developed technology52,000
 5 years 23,800
 5-6 years
Tradenames—
 
 1,400
 1 year
Total$53,600
   $27,200
  
Sales tax
The Company hasrecords revenue net of sales tax.
Timing of revenue recognition
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
(in thousands)
Products and services transferred at a point in time$518,200 $813,525 $722,324 
Products and services transferred over time2,698,970 2,423,175 2,288,240 
Total net revenues$3,217,170 $3,236,700 $3,010,564 
Contract balances
The Company's short-term and long-term contract assets, net of allowance for credit losses, were $46.6 million and $40.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2021, and $37.3 million and $41.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020, and are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets, respectively, in the effectaccompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Current portion of the 2018 Business Combinations in its results of operations prospectively from the date of acquisition. The following unaudited pro-forma information combines the consolidated results of the operations of the Companydeferred revenues and the 2018 Business CombinationsLong-term portion of deferred revenues were $1.71 billion and $329.5 million, respectively, as ifof December 31, 2021 and $1.51 billion and $392.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020. The difference in the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2017, the first dayopening and closing balances of the Company’s fiscalcontract assets and liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance, and the Company's right to consideration or thecustomer’s payment. During the year 2017ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $1.47 billion of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $1.33 billion of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.
The Company performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring solutions and services in exchange for consideration from the customer. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. The timing of the Company’s performance differs from the timing of the Company's right to consideration or the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a contract asset or a contract liability. The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The Company recognizes a contract liability when it has received consideration or an amount of consideration is due from the customer and the Company has a future obligation to transfer products or services. The Company had no material asset impairment charges related to contract assets for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020,
F-19
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
respectively. 
For the Company’s perpetual offerings, the timing of payment is typically upfront. Therefore, deferred revenue is created when a contract includes performance obligations such as license updates and maintenance or certain professional services that are satisfied over time. For subscription contracts, the timing of payment is typically in advance of services, and deferred revenue is amortized as these services are provided over time.
For contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company applies a practical expedient to determine whether a significant financing component exists and does not consider the effects of the time value of money. For multi-year contracts, the Company bills annually.
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):
<1-3 years3-5 years5 years or moreTotal
Subscription$2,093,144 $92,477 $1,455 $2,187,076 
Support and services1,125,118 24,672 775 1,150,565 
Total net revenues$3,218,262 $117,149 $2,230 $3,337,641 
4. CREDIT LOSSES
The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through its accounts receivable, investments in available-for-sale debt securities, and contract assets. See Note 3 for additional information related to the Company's contract assets.
Accounts receivable, net
  Twelve Months Ended December 31
  2018 2017
Revenues $2,977,155
 $2,838,880
Income from continuing operations 651,047
 530,470
Net income (loss) 550,985
 (56,601)
The Company’s accounts receivable are attributable primarily to direct sales to end customers and through VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, VADs, SIs, ISVs, OEMs and CSPs. Collateral is generally not required.

2017 Business Combination
On January 3, 2017, the Company acquired allThe Company's accounts receivable consist of the issuedfollowing (in thousands):
December 31, 2021
Accounts receivable, gross$918,590 
Less: allowance for returns(12,542)
Less: allowance for credit losses(20,737)
Accounts receivable, net$885,311 
The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable is determined using a combination of specific reserves for accounts that are deemed to exhibit credit loss indicators and outstanding securitiesgeneral reserves that are judgmentally determined using loss rates based on historical write-offs by geography and customer accounts subject to credit check versus non-credit check status and consideration of Unidesk Corporation (“Unidesk”).recent forecasted information, including underlying economic expectations. The credit loss reserves are updated quarterly for most recent write-offs and collections information and underlying economic expectations. The Company acquired Unidesk to enhancewill compare its application management and delivery offerings. The total cash consideration for this transaction was $60.4 million, netcurrent estimate of $2.7 million of cash acquired. Transaction costs associatedexpected credit losses with the acquisitionestimate of credit losses from the prior period and will report in net income the amount necessary to adjust the allowance for current expected credit losses. Credit loss expense is included within General and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
F-20
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The activity in the Company's allowance for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2021 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Total
Balance of allowance for credit losses at January 1, 2021$15,419 
Current period provision for expected losses8,667 
Write-offs charged against allowance(3,460)
Recoveries of any amounts previously written off111 
Balance of allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2021$20,737 
If the financial condition of a significant customer were not significant.to deteriorate, the Company’s operating results could be adversely affected. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, one distributor accounted for 16% and 19%, respectively, of the Company's total gross accounts receivable.
5. INVESTMENTS
Available-for-sale Investments
Investments inThe Company did not have any credit loss expense recorded related to available-for-sale debt securities atfor the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company has available-for-sale debt securities that have fair values below amortized cost; however, the Company does not consider a credit allowance necessary as (i) the Company does not intend to sell the securities, (ii) it is not more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of the amortized cost basis, and (iii) the unrealized losses are due to market factors rather than credit loss factors. See Note 5 for more information on available-for-sale debt securities.
5. INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Investments
Available-for-sale Investments
The Company's short-term available-for-sale debt investments are measured to fair value were as follows foron a recurring basis. Unrealized gains and losses related to the periods ended (in thousands):
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Description of the Securities
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Fair Value
Agency securities$314,982
 $333
 $(2,367) $312,948
 $441,315
 $509
 $(2,760) $439,064
Corporate securities612,698
 116
 (4,156) 608,658
 810,444
 268
 (3,020) 807,692
Municipal securities2,500
 4
 —
 2,504
 3,965
 2
 (2) 3,965
Government securities234,668
 91
 (935) 233,824
 367,595
 44
 (1,516) 366,123
Total$1,164,848
 $544
 $(7,458) $1,157,934
 $1,623,319
 $823
 $(7,298) $1,616,844
The change in net unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securitiesCompany’s short-term investments are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized (losses) gains that arose from changes in market value of specifically identifiedloss and are generally due to interest rate fluctuations. The securities that were held duringare in an unrealized loss position are reviewed on an individual basis in order to evaluate if all or a portion of the period, gains (losses) that were previously unrealized but have been recognized inloss is a result of a credit loss. For impairment indicators due to credit loss factors, the Company establishes an allowance for credit losses with a charge to current period net income due to salesincome. See Note 4 for additional information regarding the credit losses for available-for-sale investments. As of December 31, 2021 and other than temporary impairments, as well as prepayments of2020, unrealized gains and losses from the Company’s available-for-sale investments purchased at a premium. See Note 16 for more information related to comprehensive income.were not material and the amortized cost approximated their fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no realized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments.
The average remaining maturities of the Company’s short-term and long-term available-for-sale investments at December 31, 20182021 were approximately 6five months and 2two years, respectively.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Realized Gains and Losses on Available-for-sale Investments
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had realized gains on the sales of available-for-sale investments of $0.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had realized losses on available-for-sale investments of $1.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, primarily related to sales of these investments during the period. All realized gains and losses related to the sales of available-for-sale investments are included in Other (expense) income, net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Unrealized Losses on Available-for-Sale Investments
The Company regularly reviews its investments for impairments based on criteria that include the duration of the market decline and the Company’s ability to hold its investment until recovery of its amortized cost basis. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an other than temporary impairment of $4.6 million of certain available-for-sale securities, which was included in Other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
The gross unrealized losses on the Company’s available-for-sale investments that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired were $2.9 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Because the Company does not intend to sell any of its investments in an unrealized loss position, other than as noted above, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may not occur until maturity, it does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values
The Company held direct investments in privately-held companies of approximately $13.4 million as of December 31, 2018, which are accounted for at cost, less impairment plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. These investments are included in Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company periodically reviews these investments for impairment and observable price changes on a quarterly basis, and adjusts the carrying value accordingly. The Company determined that there were no material adjustments resulting from observable price changes to the Company’s investments in privately-held companies without a readily determinable fair value for the year ended December 31, 2018. The fair value of these investments represents a Level 3 valuation as the assumptions used in valuing these investments are not directly or indirectly observable. See Note 6 for detailed information on fair value measurements.
Equity Securities Accounted for at Net Asset Value
The Company held equity interests in certain private equity funds of $10.9$21.5 million and $11.3 million as of December 31, 2018,2021 and 2020, respectively, which are accounted for under the net asset value practical expedient. These investments are included in Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net asset value of these investments is determined using quarterly capital statements from the funds, which are based on the Company’s contributions to the funds, allocation of profit and loss and changes in fair value of the underlying fund investments. These private equity funds focus on making venture capital investments, principally by investing in equity securities of early and late stage privately held corporations. The funds’ general partner shall determine the amount, timing and form (whether cash or in kind) of all distributions made by the funds. The Company may only transfer its investments in private equity fund interests subject to the general partner’s written consent and cannot trade its fund interests in established securities markets, secondary markets or equivalents thereof. The Company had no unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2021.
For 2017, the Company’sEquity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values
The Company held direct investments in privately-held companies of approximately $24.4 million and private equity funds were previously classified as cost method investments and were $18.6$22.5 million as of December 31, 2017. Due to the Company's adoption of the accounting standard update for the recognition2021, and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, effective January 1, 2018, these investments2020, respectively, which are now accounted for under the new basis of accounting referenced above. See Note 2 for detailed information regarding the Company's recent accounting pronouncements.
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The authoritative guidance defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would either be received to sell an assetat cost, less impairment plus or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:minus adjustments
Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
F-21
Level 2. Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Level 3. Unobservable inputsresulting from observable price changes in which there is littleorderly transactions for an identical or no market data, which requirea similar investment of the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
Available-for-sale securitiessame issuer. These investments are included in Level 2 are valued utilizing inputs obtained from an independent pricing service (the “Service”) which uses quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. The Service applies a four level hierarchical pricing methodology to all of the Company’s fixed income securities based on the circumstances. The hierarchy starts with the highest priority pricing source, then subsequently uses inputs obtained from other third-party sources and large custodial institutions. The Service’s providers utilize a variety of inputs to determine their quoted prices. These inputs may include interest rates, known historical trades, yield curve information, benchmark data, prepayment speeds, credit quality and broker/dealer quotes. Substantially all of the Company’s available-for-sale investments are valued utilizing inputs obtained from the Service and accordingly are categorized as Level 2Other assets in the table below.accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company periodically independently assessesreviews these investments for impairment and observable price changes on a quarterly basis, and adjusts the pricing obtained from the Service and historically has not adjusted the Service's pricing as a result of this assessment. Available-for-sale securities are included in Level 3 when relevant observable inputs for a security are not available.carrying value accordingly.
The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the classification of assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. In certain instances, the inputs used to measure fair value may meet the definition of more than one level of the fair value hierarchy. The input with the lowest level priority is used to determine the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
As of December 31, 2021
Quoted
Prices In
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash$425,650 $425,650 $— $— 
Money market funds70,893 70,893 — — 
Corporate securities17,450 — 17,450 — 
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate securities27,940 — 27,440 500 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:
Foreign currency derivatives741 — 741 — 
Total assets$542,674 $496,543 $45,631 $500 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Foreign currency derivatives1,531 — 1,531 — 
Total liabilities$1,531 $— $1,531 $— 
As of December 31, 2020
Quoted
Prices In
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash$375,874 $375,874 $— $— 
Money market funds23,089 23,089 — — 
Corporate securities166,436 — 166,436 — 
Government securities187,496 — 187,496 — 
Available-for-sale securities:
Agency securities3,300 — 3,300 — 
Corporate securities70,684 — 70,184 500 
Government securities64,494 — 64,494 — 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:
Foreign currency derivatives4,012 — 4,012 — 
Total assets$895,385 $398,963 $495,922 $500 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Foreign currency derivatives1,447 — 1,447 — 
Total liabilities$1,447 $— $1,447 $— 
 As of December 31, 2018 
Quoted
Prices In
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Assets:       
Cash and cash equivalents:       
Cash$505,363
 $505,363
 $—
 $—
Money market funds88,126
 88,126
 —
 —
Agency securities3,296
 —
 3,296
 —
Corporate securities9,371
 —
 9,371
 —
Government securities12,610
 

 12,610
 —
Available-for-sale securities:       
Agency securities312,948
 —
 312,948
 —
Corporate securities608,658
 —
 607,945
 713
Municipal securities2,504
 —
 2,504
 —
Government securities233,824
 —
 233,824
 —
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:       
Foreign currency derivatives764
 —
 764
 —
Total assets$1,777,464
 $593,489
 $1,183,262
 $713
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:       
Foreign currency derivatives2,543
 —
 2,543
 —
Total liabilities$2,543
 $—
 $2,543
 $—
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 As of December 31, 2017 
Quoted
Prices In
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Assets:       
Cash and cash equivalents:       
Cash$556,520
 $556,520
 $—
 $—
Money market funds555,826
 555,826
 —
 —
Corporate securities2,784
 —
 2,784
 —
Available-for-sale securities:       
Agency securities439,064
 —
 439,064
 —
Corporate securities807,692
 —
 807,299
 393
Municipal securities3,965
 —
 3,965
 —
Government securities366,123
 —
 366,123
 —
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:       
Foreign currency derivatives2,498
 —
 2,498
 —
Total assets$2,734,472
 $1,112,346
 $1,621,733
 $393
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:       
Foreign currency derivatives814
 —
 814
 —
Total liabilities$814
 $—
 $814
 $—
The Company’s investment policy is designed to limit exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality. The Company’s fixed income available-for-sale security portfolio generally consists of investment grade securities from diverse issuers with a minimum credit rating of A-/A3 and a weighted-average credit rating of AA-/Aa3. The Company values these securities based on pricing from the Service, whose sources may use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level
F-22
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1 inputs) or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs) in determining fair value, and accordingly, the Company classifies allthe majority of its fixed income available-for-sale securities as Level 2.
The Company measures its cash flow hedges, which are classified as Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, at fair value based on indicative prices in active markets (Level 2 inputs). See Note 14 for further information regarding the Company's derivatives.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
During 2018, certain direct investments in privately-held companies with a combined carrying value of $2.8 million were determined to be impaired and written down to their fair values of $1.9 million, resulting in impairment charges of $0.9 million. During 2017, the Company determined that certain cost method investments with a combined carrying value of $2.6 million were determined to be impaired and have been written down to their fair values of $1.2 million resulting in impairment charges of $1.4 million. The impairment charges are included in Other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. In determining the fair value of the investments, the Company considers many factors including but not limited to operating performance of the investee, the amount of cash that the investee has on-hand, the ability to obtain additional financing and the overall market conditions in which the investee operates.
Additional Disclosures Regarding Fair Value Measurements
The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short maturity of these items.
As of December 31, 2018,2021, the fair value of the $750.0 million unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2030 (the “2030 Notes”), $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2027 Notes(the “2027 Notes”) and Convertible Notes, which was$750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) were determined based on inputs that are observable in the market (Level 2), based. Based on the closing trading price per $100 as of the last day of trading for the year ended December 31, 2018, and carrying2021, the fair value of debtthese instruments (carrying value excludes the equity component of the Company’s Convertible Notes classified in equity) was as follows (in thousands):
 Fair ValueCarrying Value
2030 Notes$763,418 $740,287 
2027 Notes$814,148 $744,707 
2026 Notes$730,110 $742,872 
The Company also has variable debt instruments indexed to 1-Month LIBOR that resets monthly and the fair values of these instruments approximate the carrying value as of December 31, 2021. See Note 13 for more information on the Company's debt instruments.
6. ACQUISITIONS
2021 Business Combination
On February 26, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Wrangler Topco, LLC (“Wrangler”), the parent entity of Wrike, Inc. (“Wrike”), a leader in the SaaS collaborative work management space, for approximately $2.07 billion (the “Purchase Consideration”). The Purchase Consideration consists of a base purchase price of $2.25 billion and is subject to certain adjustments as provided for under the related Agreement and Plan of Merger dated January 16, 2021 (the “Wrike Agreement”). The Company expects that the addition of Wrike’s cloud-delivered capabilities will expand its collaborative work management capabilities. Under the Wrike Agreement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity securities of Wrangler.
On the Closing Date, $35.0 million of the Purchase Consideration was deposited into a third-party escrow fund, to be held for up to one year following the Closing Date, to fund (i) potential payment obligations of Wrangler equityholders with respect to post-closing adjustments to the Purchase Consideration and (ii) potential post-closing indemnification obligations of Wrangler equityholders, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Wrike Agreement.
Under the terms of the Wrike Agreement, certain unvested stock options held by Wrike employees were assumed by the Company and converted into options to purchase 526,113 shares of the Company's common stock that were valued at $54.3 million using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The portion of the fair value of the assumed stock options associated with pre-combination service of Wrike employees was valued at $28.9 million and represented a component of the Purchase Consideration. The remaining fair value of $25.4 million will be recognized as post-combination stock-based compensation expense over the service period. Of these assumed awards, 180,003 options continued with the same monthly vesting conditions under which they were originally granted. The majority of the remaining assumed options were reset to primarily cliff vest on December 31, 2021 or annually over two years. See Note 8 for detailed information on the assumed stock options.
The Wrike Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants believed to be customary for a transaction of this nature, including covenants as to indemnification for breaches of certain representations, warranties and covenants, subject to certain exclusions and caps. The Company has obtained a representation and warranty insurance policy under which it may seek coverage for breaches of certain of Wrangler’s representations, warranties, and covenants in the Wrike Agreement.
F-23
 Fair Value Carrying Value
2027 Notes$717,375
 $741,825
Convertible Senior Notes$1,648,567
 $1,155,445
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company incurred $19.8 million of expenses related to the Wrike acquisition, of which $16.5 million and $3.3 million were expensed during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and are included in General and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
In February 2021, the Company entered into a three-year term loan credit agreement providing for a $1.00 billion senior unsecured term loan (the “2021 Term Loan”) and issued $750.0 million of the 2026 Notes. The proceeds of the 2021 Term Loan and the 2026 Notes were used to (i) fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition and (ii) to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition. The Company incurred $9.1 million of issuance costs that were netted against Long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. See Note 13 for moredetailed information on the 2027 Notesdebt financing.
The Company has included the effect of the acquisition in its results of operations prospectively from the date of acquisition. Net revenues of Wrike included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income from the Closing Date through December 31, 2021 were $107.9 million. Loss from operations of Wrike included in the Company's consolidated statements of income from the Closing Date through December 31, 2021 was $189.0 million, primarily as a result of amortization of intangible assets acquired and Convertible Notes.stock-based compensation associated with the assumed options and the 2021 Inducement Plan. See Note 8 for detailed information on the 2021 Inducement Plan.
Purchase Accounting for Wrike
The purchase price for Wrike was allocated to the acquired net tangible and intangible assets based on estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. The allocation of the total purchase price is summarized below (in thousands):
Wrike
Purchase Price AllocationAsset Life
Current assets$32,008 
Intangible assets824,900 2 - 7 years
Goodwill1,602,384 Indefinite
Other assets17,681 
Assets acquired2,476,973 
Current liabilities assumed85,368 
Long-term liabilities assumed202,511 
Deferred tax liabilities, non-current122,402 
Net assets acquired$2,066,692 
The fair values of Wrike's intangible assets were determined using the income approach with significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions include, but are not limited to, the expected future cash flows, the timing of the expected future cash flows, royalty rates, customer churn, technology obsolescence and the discount rates consistent with the level of risk.
Current assets acquired in connection with the acquisition consisted primarily of cash, accounts receivable and other short term assets. Current liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition consisted primarily of the current portion of deferred revenues, accounts payable and other accrued expenses, such as transaction expenses. The accrued transaction expenses were paid in full subsequent to the acquisition date. Long-term liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition consisted of the long-term portion of deferred revenue, other long-term liabilities, and long-term debt, which was paid in full subsequent to the acquisition date. The Company continues to evaluate certain assets and liabilities, which encompass primarily deferred taxes related to the Wrike acquisition. Additional information, which existed as of the acquisition date but was at that time unknown to the Company, may become known to the Company during the remainder of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date.
The Company estimated its obligation related to deferred revenue using the cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value by estimating the costs relating to supporting the obligation plus an assumed profit. The sum of the costs and assumed profit approximates the amount that the Company would be required to pay a third party to assume the obligation. The estimated costs to fulfill the obligation were based on the near-term projected cost structure for various revenue contracts, resulting in an adjustment to reduce Wrike's carrying value of deferred revenue. The acquired deferred revenue of $33.2 million represents the Company's estimate of the fair value of the contractual obligations assumed.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The goodwill related to the acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes and is comprised primarily of expected synergies from combining operations and other intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with the Wrike acquisition (in thousands) and the weighted-average lives are as follows:
WrikeAsset Life
Core and product technologies$347,900 6 years
Customer relationships446,400 7 years
Backlog13,500 2 years
Trade names17,100 3 years
Total$824,900 
The following unaudited pro-forma information combines the consolidated results of the operations of the Company and Wrike as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020, the first day of the Company's fiscal year 2020 (in thousands, except per share data):
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
Revenues$3,239,423 $3,340,730 
Income from operations$207,941 $402,620 
Net income$279,314 $304,195 
Earnings per share - basic$2.25 $2.46 
Earnings per share - diluted$2.21 $2.41 
7. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Accrued commissions$59,530 $115,459 
Accrued compensation and employee benefits176,204192,367
Other accrued expenses209,033 199,359 
Total$444,767 $507,185 
  December 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
Accrued compensation and employee benefits $196,847
 $161,049
Other accrued expenses 93,645
 116,630
Total $290,492
 $277,679
8. EMPLOYEE STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT PLANS
Plans
The Company’s stock-based compensation program is a long-term retention program that is intended to attract and reward talented employees and align stockholder and employee interests. As of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company had one3 stock-based compensation plan under which it was granting equity awards. plans with shares available for grant.

The Company is currently granting stock-based awards from its Second Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"“2014 Plan”), which was approvedamended at the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 22, 2017.3, 2020. Pursuant to the June 2020 amendment, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Plan was increased to 51,300,000. In connection with certainaddition, the amendment extended the term of the Company’s acquisitions,2014 Plan to June 3, 2030 and updated the Company has assumed certain plansvesting provisions from acquired companies. The Company’s Board of Directors has provided that no newmonthly to annual vesting for annual director awards, will be granted under the Company’s acquired stock plans. Awards previously granted underconsistent with the Company's superseded stock plans that are still outstanding typically expire between five and ten years from the date of grant and will continue to be subject to all the terms and conditions of such plans, as applicable. The Company’s superseded stock plans with outstanding awards include the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan ("2005 Plan").current compensation program for non-employee directors.
Under the terms of the 2014 Plan, the Company is authorized to grant incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”), non-vested stock, non-vested stock units, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), and performance units and to make stock-based awards to full and part-time employees of the Company and its subsidiaries or affiliates, where legally eligible to participate, as well as to consultants and non-employee directors of the Company. ISOs, NSOs, and SARs are not currently being granted. Currently, the 2014 Plan provides for the issuance of 46,000,000 shares of common stock. In addition, shares of common stock underlying any awards granted under the Company’s 2014 Plan or the 2005 Plan that are forfeited, canceled or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) are added to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Plan. Under the 2014 Plan, NSOsstock options must be granted at exercise prices no less than fair market value on the date of grant. Non-vested stock awards may be granted for such consideration in cash, other property or services, or a
F-25
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
combination thereof, as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee of its Board of Directors. Stock-based awards are generally exercisable or issuable upon vesting. The Company’s policy is to recognize compensation cost for awards with only service conditions and a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. As of December 31, 2018,2021, there were 20,837,41515,490,080 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan, including authorization to grant stock-based awards covering 10,830,292 shares of common stock.
In connection with the Wrike acquisition, on February 26, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Inducement Plan (the “2021 Inducement Plan”). The 2021 Inducement Plan provides for the grant of equity awards to induce highly-qualified prospective officers and employees to accept employment and to provide them with a proprietary interest in the Company. The Company is authorized to issue 320,000 shares of common stock for inducement awards under the 2021 Inducement Plan. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company granted 271,678 non-vested stock units to Wrike employees who joined the Company which vest based on service over a three-year term. As of December 31, 2021, there were 304,952 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans,2021 Inducement Plan, including authorization under its 2014the 2021 Inducement Plan to grant stock-based awards covering 14,935,68648,322 shares of common stock.
InEffective February 26, 2021, the Company assumed the Wrangler Topco, LLC Second Amended and Restated 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Wrangler Plan”) and the Wrike, Inc. Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Plan (the “Wrike Plan”). As of December 2014,31, 2021, there were 694,385 shares of the Company’s Boardcommon stock reserved and authorized for issuance under the terms of Directors approved the Wrangler Plan, including authorization under the Wrangler Plan to grant stock-based awards covering 325,622 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2021, there were 142,267 shares of the Company's common stock reserved and authorized for issuance under the terms of the Wrike Plan. All of the Wrike Plan awards are currently outstanding with no new shares available for issuance.
ESPP
The 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2015 ESPP”), which was approved by stockholders at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 28, 2015. Under the 2015 ESPP, all full-time and certain part-time employees of the Company are eligible to purchase common stock of the Company twice per year at the end of a six-month payment period (a “Payment Period”). During each Payment Period, eligible employees who so elect may authorize payroll deductions in an amount no less than 1% nor greater than 10% of his or her base pay for each payroll period in the Payment Period. At the end of each Payment Period, the accumulated deductions are used to purchase shares of common stock from the Company up to a maximum of 12,000 shares for any one employee during a Payment Period. Shares are purchased at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock, on either the first business day of the Payment Period or the last business day of the Payment Period, whichever is lower. Employees who, after exercising their rights to purchase shares of common stock in the 2015 ESPP, would own shares representing 5% or more of the voting power of the Company’s common stock, are ineligible to continue to participate under the 2015 ESPP. The 2015 ESPP provides for the issuance of a maximum of 16,000,000 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, 1,721,9242021, 3,189,988 shares have been issued under the 2015 ESPP. The Company recorded stock-based compensation costs related to its employee stock purchase plan of $9.8$17.6 million, $10.0$12.6 million and $7.5$12.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company used the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of the 2015 ESPP awards with the following weighted-average assumptions:
 Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
Expected volatility factor0.26 - 0.29 0.27 - 0.29
 0.27 - 0.41
Risk free interest rate1.12% - 2.19% 0.60% - 1.12%
 0.25% - 0.42%
Expected dividend yield0% - 1.27% 0% 0%
Expected life (in years)0.5 0.5
 0.5

Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Expected volatility factor0.27 - 0.350.21 - 0.350.22 - 0.29
Risk free interest rate0.05% - 0.13%0.13% - 2.06%2.06% - 2.49%
Expected dividend yield0.92% - 1.27%0.92% - 1.39%1.27% - 1.39%
Expected life (in years)0.50.50.5
The Company determined the expected volatility factor by considering the implied volatility in six-month market-traded
options of the Company's common stock based on third party volatility quotes. The Company's decision to use implied volatility was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company's common stock and its assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was based on a U.S. Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The Company's historical dividend yield input was zero in prior periods as it has not historically paid cash dividends on its common stock. The current dividend yield has been updated for expected dividend yield payout given the Company started paying a recurring quarterly dividend beginning in December 2018.payout. The expected term is based on the term of the purchase period for grants made under the ESPP.
Expense Information
As required by the authoritative guidance prior to January 1, 2017, the Company estimated forfeitures of stock awards and recognized compensation costs only for those awards expected to vest. Forfeiture rates were determined based on historical experience. The Company also considered whether there had been any significant changes in facts and circumstances that would affect its forfeiture rate quarterly. Estimated forfeitures were adjusted to actual forfeiture experience as needed. Subsequent to January 1, 2017, in connection with the adoption of an accounting standard update, the Company made a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation costs, related deferred tax assets and tax benefits of $203.6 million, $39.7 million and $49.7 million, respectively, in 2018, $165.1 million, $46.1 million and $72.9 million, respectively, in 2017 and $152.7 million, $53.5 million and $64.7 million, respectively, in 2016.
The detail of the total stock-based compensation recognized by income statement classification is as follows (in thousands):
F-26
Income Statement Classifications2018 2017 2016
Cost of subscription, support and services$7,979
 $4,281
 $2,179
Research and development66,154
 47,291
 38,578
Sales, marketing and services72,406
 55,173
 48,514
General and administrative57,080
 58,375
 63,468
Total$203,619
 $165,120
 $152,739
Non-vested Stock Units
Market Performance and Service Condition Stock Units
In March 2017, the Company granted senior level employees non-vested stock unit awards representing, in the aggregate, 275,148 non-vested stock units that vest based on certain target performance and service conditions. The number of non-vested stock units underlying the award will be determined within sixty days of the three-year performance period ending December 31, 2019. The attainment level under the award will be based on the Company's relative total return to stockholders over the performance period compared to a pre-established custom index group. If the Company’s relative total return to stockholders is between the 41st percentile and the 80th percentile when compared to the index companies, the number of non-vested stock units earned will be based on interpolation. The maximum number of non-vested stock units that may vest pursuant to the awards is capped at 200% of the target number of non-vested stock units set forth in the award agreement and is earned if the Company's relative total return to stockholders when compared to the index companies is at or greater than the 80th percentile. If the Company’s total return to stockholders is negative, the number of non-vested stock units earned will be no more than 100% regardless of the Company’s relative total return to stockholders compared to the index companies. If the awardee is not
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

employed by the Company at the end of the performance period, the extent to which the awardee will vest in the award, if at all, is dependent upon the timing and character of the termination as provided in the award agreement. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock. Certain awards for senior level employees, none of whom were executive officers, were modified in December 2018 to replace the pre-established custom index group used to measure performance and related award payout to companies that are part of the Nasdaq Composite index. As a result, the awards were revalued as of the modification date. The impact of the modification was not material to the consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the Company granted its former Chief Executive Officer 220,235 non-vested stock units that vest based on certain target performance conditions; and in March 2016, the Company granted senior level employees 234,816 non-vested stock units that vest based on certain target performance conditions. These awards were modified as a result of the Spin-off whereby the opening stock price related to the awards was updated to reflect the value of the shares of LogMeIn stock distributed to the Company's shareholders. The attainment level under the awards will be based on the Company's compound annualized total return to stockholders over a three-year performance period, with 100% of such stock units earned if the Company achieves total shareholder return of 10% over the performance period. Further, if the Company achieves annualized total shareholder return of less than 10% during the performance period, the awardees may earn all or a portion of the target award, but not in excess of 100% of such stock units, depending upon the Company’s relative total shareholder return compared to companies listed in the S&P Computer Software Select Index. If the Company's compound annualized total shareholder return is 5% or above, the number of non-vested stock units earned will be based on interpolation, with the maximum number of non-vested stock units earned capped at 200% of the target number of non-vested stock units for a compound annualized total return to stockholders of 30% over a three-year performance period as set forth in the award agreement. Within sixty days following an interim measurement period of 18 months, the Compensation Committee will determine the number of restricted stock units that would be deemed earned based on performance to date, and up to 33% of the target award may be earned based on such performance; however, any stock units that are deemed earned will remain subject to continued service vesting until the end of the three-year performance period, or a change in control, if earlier. Within sixty days following the conclusion of the performance period, the Company’s Compensation Committee will determine the number of restricted stock units that would vest upon the final day of the performance period based on the Company’s performance during the period and in accordance with the terms of the award. On the vesting date, the greater of the full period restricted stock units, or the interim earned restricted stock units, will vest in one installment.
The market condition requirements are reflected in the grant date fair value of the award, and the compensation expense for the award will be recognized assuming that the requisite service is rendered regardless of whether the market conditions are achieved. The grant date fair value of the non-vested performance stock unit awards was determined through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation model, which utilized multiple input variables that determined the probability of satisfying the market condition requirements applicable to each award as follows:
 March 2017 Grant (Modified)March 2017 GrantMarch 2016 GrantJanuary 2016 Grant
Expected volatility factor0.16 - 0.32
0.27 - 0.32
0.29 - 0.39
0.29 - 0.37
Risk free interest rate2.67%1.48%0.91%1.10%
Expected dividend yield0%0%0%0%
For the unmodified March 2017 grant, the range of expected volatilities utilized was based on the historical volatilities of the Company's common stock and the average of its peer group. The Company chose to use historical volatility to value these awards because historical stock prices were used to develop the correlation coefficients between the Company and its peer group in order to model the stock price movements. The volatilities used were calculated over the most recent 2.75 year period, which is commensurate with the awards' performance period at the date of grant. The risk free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms equivalent to the performance period. The Company used a zero dividend yield input for this award as it had not historically paid cash dividends on its common stock as of the grant date of this award. The estimated fair value of each award as of the date of grant was $104.05.
For the modified March 2017 grant, all input variables chosen are as of the modification date. The range of expected volatilities utilized was based on the historical volatilities of the Company's common stock and the average of the Nasdaq Composite index peer group. The Company chose to use historical volatility to value these awards because historical stock prices were used to develop the correlation coefficients between the Company and its peer group in order to model the stock price movements. The volatilities used were calculated over the most recent 1.06 year period, which is commensurate with the awards' remaining performance period at the modification date. The risk free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms equivalent to the remaining performance period. The
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Company used a zero dividend yield input for this award as dividends are assumed to be reinvested. The estimated incremental fair value of each modified award as of the modification date was $99.54.
For the March 2016 and January 2016 grants, the range of expected volatilities utilized was based on the historical volatilities of the Company's common stock and the average of its peer group. The Company chose to use historical volatility to value these awards because historical stock prices were used to develop the correlation coefficients between the Company and its peer group in order to model the stock price movements. The volatilities used were calculated over a 3.00 year period, which is commensurate with the awards’ performance period at the date of grant. The risk free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms equivalent to the performance period. The Company used a zero dividend yield input for this award as it had not historically paid cash dividends on its common stock as of the grant date of this award. The estimated fair value of each award as of the date of grant was $66.18 for the March 2016 grant and $49.68 for the January 2016 grant.
Service BasedNon-Vested Stock Units
Service-Based Stock Units
The Company also awards senior level employees and certain other employees and new non-employee directors, non-vested stock units granted under the 2014 Plan that vest based on service. The majority of theseThese non-vested stock unit awards generallyprimarily vest 33.33% on each of the first, second, and third anniversary subsequent to the grant date of the award. The Company also assumes non-vested stock units in connection with certain of its acquisitions. The assumed awards have the same three year vesting schedule. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one1 share of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the Company awards non-vested stock units to all of its continuing non-employee directors. These awards vest monthly in 12 equal installments based on service and, upon vesting, each stock unit representsdirectors, which represent the right to receive one share of the Company's common stock.stock upon vesting. Awards granted to non-employee directors vest in full in one installment on the earlier of: (i) the first anniversary of the award date; or (ii) the day immediately prior to the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders following the award date.
Company Performance Stock Units

InOn March 2018,1, 2021, the Company awarded senior level employees 268,729305,229 non-vested performance stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Plan. The number of non-vested performance stock units underlying the awardthat ultimately vest will be determined within sixty days following completion of the performance period ending December 31, 20202023 and will be based on the achievement of specific corporate financial performance goals related to subscription bookingsthe Company’s Software as a percentageService (SaaS) annualized recurring revenue (ARR) growth measured during the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023. The number of total product bookingsnon-vested stock units issued will be based on a graduated slope, with the maximum number of non-vested stock units issuable pursuant to the award capped at 200% of the target number of non-vested stock units set forth in the award agreement. Additionally, the awards have an explicit adjustment mechanism to prevent the attainment rates from being distorted should a material acquisition other than Wrike occur during the performance period. The Company is required to estimate the attainment expected to be achieved related to the defined performance goals and the number of non-vested stock units that will ultimately be awarded in order to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock. Compensation expense will be recorded through the end of the performance period on December 31, 2023 if it is deemed probable that the performance goals will be met. If the performance goals are not met, no compensation cost will be recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost will be reversed.
On April 1, 2020, the Company awarded senior level employees 294,605 non-vested performance stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Plan. The number of non-vested performance stock units that ultimately vest will be determined within sixty days following completion of the performance period ending December 31, 2022 and will be based on the achievement of specific corporate financial performance goals related to the Company’s ARR growth measured during the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. As defined in the applicable award agreements, total product bookings includes subscription bookings.2022. The number of non-vested stock units issued will be based on a graduated slope, with the maximum number of non-vested stock units issuable pursuant to the award capped at 200% of the target number of non-vested stock units set forth in the award agreement. The Company is required to estimate the attainment expected to be achieved related to the defined performance goals and the number of non-vested stock units that will ultimately be awarded in order to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock. Compensation expense will beis being recorded through the end of the performance period on December 31, 20202022 if it is deemed probable that the performance goals will be met. If the performance goals are not met, no compensation cost will be recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost will be reversed.
On August 1, 2017,April 6, 2020, the Company awarded certain senior level employees 184,32290,756 non-vested performance stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Plan that vested based on the Company’s ARR growth during the relevant performance periods, which spanned January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. The number of non-vested stock units issued upon the vesting of the award will be based on a graduated slope, with the maximum number of non-vested stock units issuable pursuant to the award capped at 125% of the target number of non-vested stock units set forth in the award agreement. The Company was required to estimate the attainment expected to be achieved related to the defined performance goals and the number of non-vested stock units that would ultimately be awarded in order to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock. Half of these awards vested on December 31, 2020, which corresponds to the award’s interim performance period, and met the underlying performance metrics. The final payout approval related to these awards was obtained within sixty days of the vesting date in accordance with the award provisions. The remaining awards vested on December 31, 2021, and the underlying performance metrics were met.Accordingly, compensation expense on those unvested awards was recorded through December 31, 2021. The final payout approval related to the awards was obtained within sixty days of the vesting date in accordance with the award provisions.
In April 2019, the Company awarded senior level employees 293,991 non-vested performance stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Plan. The number of non-vested stock units underlying eachthe award will be determined within sixty days of the calendar year following completion of the performance period ending December 31, 20192021 and will bewas based on the achievement of specific
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
corporate financial performance goals related to non-GAAP net operating margin and subscription bookings as a percentpercentage of total subscription and product bookings measured during the period from January 1, 20192021 to December 31, 2019. As defined in the applicable award agreements, total product bookings includes subscription bookings.2021. The number of non-vested stock units issued will be based on a graduated slope, with the maximum number of non-vested stock units issuable pursuant to the award capped at 200% of the target number of non-vested stock units set forth in the award agreement. The Company iswas required to estimate the attainment expected to be achieved related to the defined performance goals and the number of non-vested stock units that willwould ultimately be awarded in order to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. Each non-vested stock unit, upon vesting, represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock. The non-GAAP net operating marginThese awards met the underlying performance metrics and, subscription bookings as a percent of total product targets were set in the first quarter of 2018.therefore, vested on December 31, 2021. As a result, such awards were not outstanding for U.S. GAAP until the first quarter of 2018 when the performance goals were determined and subsequently communicated to employees who received these awards. Compensationcompensation expense will bewas recorded through the end of the performance period. The final payout approval related to the awards was obtained within sixty days of the vesting date in accordance with the award provisions.
In February 2019, the Company had awarded certain senior level employees 93,500 non-vested performance stock units granted under the 2014 Plan. The number of non-vested stock units underlying the award were based on the achievement of specific corporate financial performance goals between the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2020. In January 2020, the non-vested performance stock units were cancelled pursuant to a forfeiture agreement executed by each holder in return for nominal cash consideration. The impact of the cancellation was not material to the consolidated financial statements.
In March 2018, the Company awarded senior level employees 268,729 non-vested performance stock unit awards granted under the 2014 Plan. The number of non-vested stock units underlying the award were based on the achievement of specific corporate financial performance goals related to subscription bookings as a percentage of total product bookings measured during the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. These awards vested on December 31, 2019 if it is deemed probable that2020 and met the underlying performance metrics. As a result, compensation expense was recorded through the end of the performance goals willperiod.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation costs related to its company performance stock units of $48.1 million, $50.5 million and $40.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Modification of Market and Company Performance Stock Units
On April 22, 2019, the change in control provisions of the unvested and outstanding February 2019 and March 2018 company performance stock unit awards were modified such that if a change in control were to occur prior to the end of the award’s performance period, the award would be met. Ifdeemed earned at 200% of the target award, subject to time-based vesting and the awardee’s continuous employment through the end of the award’s performance goals are not met, noperiods. Previously, the change in control provisions of these awards allowed for either pro rata vesting or vesting based on interim performance through the change in control date. NaN incremental compensation cost will be recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost will be reversed.expense was recorded as a result of this modification given the improbable nature of a change in control event.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Non VestedNon-Vested Stock Unit Activity for the Year
The following table summarizes the Company's non-vested stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2018:2021:
Number of
Shares
Weighted-
Average
Fair Value
at Grant Date
Non-vested stock units at December 31, 20205,185,045 $116.86 
Granted3,313,313 127.65 
Vested(2,674,194)109.46 
Forfeited(929,454)126.54 
Non-vested stock units at December 31, 20214,894,710 $126.25 
  
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Fair Value
at Grant Date
Non-vested stock units at December 31, 2017 4,622,546
 $82.83
Granted 3,903,225
 92.20
Vested (2,076,052) 71.92
Forfeited (596,218) 74.07
Non-vested stock units at December 31, 2018 5,853,501
 88.79
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $193.8$315.1 million,, $149.8 $295.1 million and $135.7$266.5 million,, respectively, related to non-vestedover the vesting period of the respective stock units. The fair value of the non-vested stock units releasedvested in 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 20162019 was $149.3$292.7 million,, $150.0 $260.0 million and $163.8$246.7 million,, respectively. As of December 31, 2018,2021, there was $376.7$398.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock units. The unrecognized cost of the awards legally granted through December 31, 2021 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.761.65 years.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Assumed Stock Options
In connection with the acquisition of Wrike, the Company assumed 526,113 outstanding stock options which expire ten years from the date of grant. The following table summarizes stock option activity in connection with the acquisition of Wrike during the year ended December 31, 2021:
Number of
Options		Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
(in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)(1)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020— $— — 
Assumed from acquisitions526,113 48.32 
Exercised(23,998)43.04 
Forfeited or expired(19,443)49.26 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021482,672 48.54 0.80$22,225 
Vested or expected to vest167,268 42.51 0.28$8,711 
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021167,268 $42.51 0.28$8,711 

(1) The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option award and the closing market price of the         Company’s common stock as of December 31, 2021.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the estimated weighted-average grant date fair value for the assumed stock options was $103.22 per share and total fair value of $54.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded stock-based compensation costs related to unvested assumed stock options of $14.0 million. As of December 31, 2021, there was $10.5 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested assumed stock options to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.80 years.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of the assumed stock options:
Year Ended December 31,
2021
Expected volatility factor0.51 - 0.75
Risk free interest rate0.04% - 0.14%
Expected dividend yield1.11%
Expected life (in years)0.08 - 1.00
The Company determined the expected volatility factor by considering the implied volatility in various market-traded options of the Company's common stock based on third-party volatility quotes. The Company's decision to use implied volatility was based upon the availability of actively traded options on the Company's common stock and its assessment that implied volatility is more representative of future stock price trends than historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was based on a U.S. Treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The current dividend yield has been updated for expected dividend yield payout. The expected term was based on the average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding, generally calculated as the midpoint of the stock options’ remaining vesting term and contractual expiration period, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. See Note 6 for detailed information on the Wrike acquisition.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The detail of the total stock-based compensation recognized by income statement classification is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
Income Statement Classifications202120202019
Cost of subscription, support and services$18,493 $13,253 $10,921 
Research and development115,187 108,032 104,553 
Sales, marketing and services106,402 102,765 95,535 
General and administrative106,669 83,660 67,883 
Total$346,751 $307,710 $278,892 
The Company recorded deferred tax assets and tax benefits related to stock-based compensation costs of $70.1 million and $79.1 million, respectively, in 2021, $61.0 million and $83.4 million, respectively, in 2020 and, $54.4 million and $59.5 million, respectively, in 2019.
Benefit Plan
The Company maintains a 401(k) benefit plan allowing eligible U.S.-based employees to contribute up to 90% of their annual eligible earnings to the plan on a pretax and after-tax basis, including Roth contributions, limited to an annual maximum amount as set periodically by the IRS. The Company, at its discretion, may contribute up to $0.50 for each dollar of employee contribution. The Company’s total matching contribution to an employee is typically made at 3% of the employee’s annual compensation. The Company’s matching contributions were $13.0$17.2 million, $13.7$15.4 million and $14.0$14.4 million in 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively. The Company’s matching contributions vest immediately.
9. CAPITAL STOCK
Stock Repurchase ProgramsProgram
The Company’s Board of Directors authorized an ongoinga stock repurchase program, of which $1.7$1.00 billion was approved in November 2017 and $750.0 million was approved in October 2018. The Company may use the approved dollar authority to repurchase stock at any time until the approved amount is exhausted.January 2020. The objective of the Company’s stock repurchase program iswas to improve stockholders’ returns.returns and mitigate earnings per share dilution posed by the issuance of shares related to employee equity compensation awards. At December 31, 2018, approximately $767.92021, $625.6 million was available to repurchase common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase program. All shares repurchased arewere recorded as treasury stock. A portion of the funds used to repurchase stock over the course of the program was provided by net proceeds from the Convertible Notes and 2027 Notes offerings,debt, as well as proceeds from employee stock awards exercises and the related tax benefit. TheWhile the Merger Agreement is in effect, the Company is authorized to make open market purchases of its common stock using general corporate funds through open market purchases, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or in privately negotiated transactions.
In November 2017, the Company purchased $750.0 million ofprohibited from repurchasing shares of its common stock, throughincluding under the stock repurchase program. See Note 19 for detailed information on the Merger Agreement.
On January 30, 2020, the Company used the proceeds from its Term Loan Credit Agreement and entered into accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) transactions with a group of dealers for an aggregate of $1.00 billion. Under the ASR agreement withtransactions, the ASR counterparty. The Company paid $750.0 million to the ASR counterparty under the ASR agreement and received approximately 7.1an initial share delivery of 6.5 million shares of its common stock, fromwith the remainder delivered upon completion of the ASR counterparty, which represented 80 percent of the value of the shares to be repurchased pursuant to the ASR agreement.transactions. The total number of shares of common stock that the Company repurchased under theeach ASR agreement was based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average prices of its common stock during the term of the applicable ASR agreement, less a discount. Final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed in January 2018 and theThe Company received delivery of an additional 1.4 million shares of its common stock.
In February 2018, the Company entered into an ASR transaction with a counterparty to pay an aggregate of $750.0 million in exchange for the immediate delivery of approximately 6.50.8 million shares of its common stock based on current market prices. The purchase price per share under the ASR was based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company's common stock during the term of the ASR, less a discount. The ASR was entered into pursuant to the Company's existing share repurchase program. Finalin August 2020 in final settlement of the ASR agreement was completed in April 2018 andAgreement. See Note 13 for detailed information on the Company received delivery of an additional 1.6 million additional shares of its common stock.Term Loan Credit Agreement.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During the year ended December 31, 2018,2021, the Company made no open market purchases under the stock repurchase program.
In addition to the ASR, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company expended approximately $511.2$288.5 million on open market purchases under the stock repurchase program, repurchasing 4,730,5422.5 million shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $108.05$116.40.
During the year ended December 31, 2017,2019, the Company expended approximately $575.0$453.9 million on open market purchases under the stock repurchase program, repurchasing 7,384,3684.5 million shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $77.86.$100.11.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company expended approximately $28.7 million on open market purchases under the stock repurchase program, repurchasing 426,300 shares of outstanding common stock at an average price of $67.30.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Shares for Tax Withholding
During the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, the Company withheld 739,522870,057 shares, 974,501893,479 shares and 830,155882,078 shares, respectively, from equity awards that vested. Amounts withheld to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of equity awards was $71.6$115.5 million, $80.0$121.7 million and $66.6$89.2 million,, for 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively. These shares are reflected as treasury stock in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and the related cash outlays do not reduce the Company's total stock repurchase authority.
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01$0.01 par value per share. No shares of such preferred stock were issued and outstanding at December 31, 20182021 or 2017.2020.
Cash Dividend
On October 24, 2018,The following table provides information with respect to quarterly dividends on common stock during the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.35 per share which was paid onyears ended December 21, 2018 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 7, 2018.31, 2021 and 2020:

Declaration DateDividends per ShareRecord DatePayable Date
Fiscal Year 2021
January 19, 2021$0.37 March 12, 2021March 26, 2021
April 29, 2021$0.37 June 11, 2021June 25, 2021
July 29, 2021$0.37 September 10, 2021September 24, 2021
November 4, 2021$0.37 December 7, 2021December 21, 2021
Fiscal Year 2020
January 22, 2020$0.35 March 6, 2020March 20, 2020
April 23, 2020$0.35 June 5, 2020June 19, 2020
July 23, 2020$0.35 September 11, 2020September 25, 2020
October 22, 2020$0.35 December 8, 2020December 22, 2020
Subsequent Event

On January 23, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.35 per share. This dividend is payable on March 22, 2019 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2019. Future dividends will be subject to Board approval.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
The Company leases certain office space and equipment under various operating leases. In addition to rent, the leases require the Company to pay for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses. Certain of these leases contain stated escalation clauses while others contain renewal options. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, excluding renewal periods, unless renewal of the lease is reasonably assured.
Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled approximately $73.8 million, of which $14.2 million related to charges for the consolidation of leased facilities related to restructuring activities. Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 totaled approximately $64.3 million, of which $9.7 million related to charges for the consolidation of leased facilities related to restructuring activities. Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled approximately $84.6 million, of which $28.9 million related to charges for the consolidation of leased facilities related to restructuring activities. Sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Lease commitments under non-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year and sublease income associated with non-cancelable subleases, are as follows:
  
Operating
Leases
 
Sublease
Income
  (In thousands)
Years ending December 31,    
2019 $57,122
 $241
2020 49,358
 —
2021 39,981
 —
2022 35,296
 —
2023 32,018
 —
Thereafter 87,621
 —
Total $301,396
 $241
Liabilities for Loss on Lease Obligations
The Company recognizes liabilities for costs that will continue to be incurred under operating lease obligations for their remaining terms without economic benefit to the Company. The liabilities are measured and recorded at their fair values as of the cease-use date (the date the Company vacates the leased space and no longer derives economic benefit from the leases). The liabilities are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and the related expense is included in Restructuring expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
The fair values of the liabilities are determined by discounting certain future cash flows related to the leases using a credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate as of the cease-use date (Level 3). The future cash flows that are discounted include the remaining base rentals due under the leases, reduced by the estimated sublease rentals that could be reasonably obtained for the properties even if the Company has no intention to enter into a sublease. The estimate of sublease rentals may change, which would require future changes to the liabilities for loss on lease obligations.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company's liabilities for loss on lease obligations total approximately $43.4 million, of which approximately $42.3 million relates to one office location. The calculation of these liabilities requires judgment in estimating the timing of securing subleases for the vacant space, as well as the terms of possible subleases, including the length of the sublease periods, sublease rentals, rent concessions and other tenant incentives. While the Company believes that the assumptions used in the calculation of these liabilities are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainties related to such assumptions, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such subleases within the timing assumed in its calculations, or at all, and with terms consistent with the assumptions used. In this office location, if the price per square foot assumption were to change by $0.50 or approximately 20%, it would impact the estimate of sublease rentals, which would result in a change of $4.9 million to the liabilities for loss on lease obligation.
Legal Matters
The Company accrues a liability for legal contingencies when it believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that it can reasonably estimate the amount of, or a range of, the loss. The Company reviews these accruals and adjusts them to reflect ongoing negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other relevant information. To the extent new information is obtained and the Company's views on the probable outcomes of any pending claims, suits, assessments, regulatory investigations, or other legal proceedings change, changes in the Company's accrued liabilities would be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. In addition, in accordance with the relevant authoritative guidance, for matters in which the likelihood of material loss is at least reasonably possible, the Company provides disclosure of the possible loss or range of loss. If a reasonable estimate cannot be made, however, the Company will provide disclosure to that effect.
Due to the nature of the Company's business, the Company is subject to patent infringement claims, including current suits against it or one or more of its wholly-owned subsidiarieslitigation alleging infringement by various Company solutions and services. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the allegations made in its pending caseslitigation and intends to vigorously defend these lawsuits;itself; however, it is unable currently to determine the ultimate outcome of these or similar matters or the potential exposure to loss, if any. In addition, the Company is a defendant insubject to various litigation mattersother legal proceedings, including suits, assessments, regulatory actions and investigations generally arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is difficult to predict the ultimate outcomes of these cases,matters, the Company believes that it is not reasonably possibleoutcomes that the ultimate outcomes will materially and adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.flows are reasonably possible but not estimable at this time.
On November 19, 2021, a putative securities class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida on behalf of a putative class of persons and entities that purchased shares of Citrix common stock between January 22, 2020, and October 6, 2021. The complaint names the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors as defendants and alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder, based on allegedly false or misleading statements that failed to disclose that Citrix's
F-31
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

cloud product was substantially similar to the on-premise product and that the Company was experiencing significant challenges transitioning customers to the cloud. The complaint seeks, among other things, an award of compensatory damages and plaintiff's reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys' fees and expert fess. The Company believes that it and the other defendants have meritorious defenses to these allegations; however, the Company is unable to currently determine the ultimate outcome of this matter or the potential exposure or loss, if any.

Guarantees
The authoritative guidance requires certain guarantees to be recorded at fair value and requires a guarantor to make disclosures, even when the likelihood of making any payments under the guarantee is remote. For those guarantees and indemnifications that do not fall within the initial recognition and measurement requirements of the authoritative guidance, the Company must continue to monitor the conditions that are subject to the guarantees and indemnifications, as required under existing generally accepted accounting principles, to identify if a loss has been incurred. If the Company determines that it is probable that a loss has been incurred, any such estimable loss would be recognized. The initial recognition and measurement requirements do not apply to the provisions contained in the majority of the Company’s software license agreements that indemnify licensees of the Company’s software from damages and costs resulting from claims alleging that the Company’s software infringes the intellectual property rights of a third party. The Company has not made material payments pursuant to these provisions as of December 31, 2018.provisions. The Company has not identified any losses that are probable under these provisions and, accordingly, the Company has not recorded a liability related to these indemnification provisions.
Purchase Obligations
The Company has agreements with suppliers to purchase inventory and estimates its non-cancelable obligations under these agreements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192022 to be approximately $5.3 million.$9.4 million. The Company also has contingent obligations to purchase inventory for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20192022 of approximately $16.6 million.$37.3 million. The Company does not have any such purchase obligations beyond December 31, 2019.2022.
Other Purchase Commitments
In June 2018,May 2020, the Company entered into an amended agreement with a third-party provider, in the ordinary course of business, for the Company's use of certain cloud services through June 2021.2029. Under the amended agreement, the Company is committed to a purchase of $25.0$1.00 billion throughout the term of the agreement. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $851.5 million of remaining obligations under the purchase agreement.
In May 2021, the Company entered into an amended agreement with a third-party provider, in the ordinary course of business, for the use of certain cloud services through May 2024. Under the amended agreement, the Company is committed to purchase services under this agreement totaling $100.0 million over the term, with commitments of $32.0 million in fiscal year 2019 and $25.0beginning 2021, $24.0 million in fiscal year 2020.beginning 2022, $24.0 million in fiscal year beginning 2023 and $20.0 million at any time over the three-year term. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $54.5 million of remaining obligations under the purchase agreement.
11. INCOME TAXES

The Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates as part of the
process of preparing its consolidated financial statements. The Company maintains certain strategic management
and operational activities in overseas subsidiaries and its foreign earnings are taxed at rates that are generally lower than in the
United States.
On March 11, 2021, the United States enacted the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“American Rescue Plan Act”). The American Rescue Plan Act includes a wide variety of tax and non-tax provisions aimed to provide relief to individuals and businesses adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Rescue Plan Act also expands the limitation on deductions publicly-held companies may take with respect to certain employee compensation effective for tax years beginning after December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed31, 2026. Although the Company is evaluating the impact of global COVID-19-related proposed and enacted legislation, as of the end of the current period no material impact to the Company's financial results is expected. The Company will continue to review and evaluate any future guidance, developments, or legislation issued by applicable tax authorities.
On May 19, 2019, Swiss voters approved the Federal Act on Tax CutsReform and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”AHV Financing (“TRAF”) into law, which provides for broad changes to federal and cantonal taxation in Switzerland effective January 1, 2018.2020. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revisedTRAF requires the U.S.abolishment of certain favorable tax code by, in part but not limited to: reducingregimes, provides for certain transitional relief, and directs the U.S. corporate maximum tax rate from 35%cantons to 21%, imposing aimplement certain mandatory one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, modifying executive compensation deduction limitations, and repealingmeasures while other provisions are at the deduction for domestic production activities. Under Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, the Company must recognize the effects of tax law changes in the period in which the new legislation is enacted.
The SEC staff acknowledged the challenges companies face incorporating the effectsdiscretion of the 2017 Tax Act by their financial reporting deadlines. In response, on December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act.canton. During the period ended December 31, 2018,2019, the Company completed the accountingcantonal authority provided its guidance for the cantonal tax effects of allimplications of the provisionsTRAF. As a result of the 2017 Tax Act within the required measurement periodTRAF and as a result recorded adjustments to the previous provisional amounts. Adjustments recorded during the period ended December 31, 2018 include in part a tax benefit of $26.3 million attributable to a tax benefit of $21.9 million related to the finalization of the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of foreign income and a tax benefit of $4.4 million related to the finalization of the remeasurement of the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%.

F-32
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

the accompanying guidance from the Swiss taxing authorities, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset and related tax benefits of $145.6 million and $99.9 million attributable to the cantonal and federal impact of the TRAF, respectively. The Company also recorded a valuation allowance of $33.5 million to reduce the cantonal deferred tax asset as it was not more likely than not the cantonal deferred tax asset will be fully realized.
During the period ended December 31, 2021, the Swiss taxing authorities, including the canton, issued final rulings that contained revised guidance addressing certain implications of the TRAF. As a result, the Company recorded a benefit of $83.5 million attributable to the federal and cantonal impact of the updated rulings as well as a benefit of $36.9 million related to the release of the valuation allowance on the cantonal deferred tax asset as it is now more likely than not the cantonal deferred tax asset will be fully realized due to the revised cantonal ruling. The Company will continue to review and evaluate any future guidance, developments, or legislation issued by the Swiss taxing authorities.
The United States and foreign components of income before income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
 (In thousands)
United States$(252,459)$43,003 $31,932 
Foreign419,606 511,877 477,568 
Total$167,147 $554,880 $509,500 
  2018 2017 2016
  (In thousands)
United States $174,519
 $78,897
 $59,344
Foreign 454,936
 471,449
 468,426
Total $629,455
 $550,346
 $527,770
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
 (In thousands)
Current:
Federal$(12,852)$5,513 $7,718 
Foreign31,532 49,862 63,205 
State1,817 (967)1,697 
Total current20,497 54,408 72,620 
Deferred:
Federal(25,637)(10,940)(35,932)
Foreign(127,536)4,160 (209,010)
State(7,676)2,806 9 
Total deferred(160,849)(3,974)(244,933)
Total provision$(140,352)$50,434 $(172,313)
  2018 2017 2016
  (In thousands)
Current:      
Federal $(19,461) $374,602
 $18,832
Foreign 70,146
 56,526
 52,978
State 16,259
 3,075
 7,759
Total current 66,944
 434,203
 79,569
Deferred:      
Federal 1,899
 52,842
 (7,688)
Foreign (14,804) (5,468) (3,139)
State (251) 46,784
 (10,827)
Total deferred (13,156) 94,158
 (21,654)
Total provision $53,788
 $528,361
 $57,915
The following table presents the breakdown of net deferred tax assets:
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets$417,016 $386,504 
Deferred tax liabilities(6,778)(3,185)
Total net deferred tax assets$410,238 $383,319 
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
  December 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets $136,998
 $152,362
Deferred tax liabilities (15,075) (237)
Total net deferred tax assets $121,923
 $152,125
The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
 December 31,
 20212020
 (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and reserves$56,186 $59,515 
Deferred revenue24,280 34,596 
Tax credits155,861 146,470 
Net operating losses107,807 54,882 
Stock based compensation58,561 45,346 
Swiss tax reform331,082 261,090 
Acquired technology— 2,346 
Interest expense limitation - 163(j)39,752 — 
Valuation allowance(122,491)(151,791)
Total deferred tax assets651,038 452,454 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired technology(161,170)— 
Depreciation and amortization(24,595)(23,445)
Prepaid expenses(53,886)(42,717)
Other(1,149)(2,973)
Total deferred tax liabilities(240,800)(69,135)
Total net deferred tax assets$410,238 $383,319 
  December 31,
  2018 2017
  (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:    
Accruals and reserves $27,022
 $30,317
Deferred revenue 62,085
 65,016
Tax credits 81,720
 80,772
Net operating losses 54,747
 36,674
Stock based compensation 30,936
 21,714
Depreciation and amortization
—
 4,939
Valuation allowance (85,400) (76,789)
Total deferred tax assets 171,110
 162,643
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Acquired technology (15,681) (2,882)
Depreciation and amortization (5,044) —
Prepaid expenses (23,213) (7,414)
Other (5,249) (222)
Total deferred tax liabilities (49,187) (10,518)
Total net deferred tax assets $121,923
 $152,125
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The authoritative guidance requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is not more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company determined an $85.4a $122.5 million valuation allowance was necessary, which relates to deferred tax assets for net operating losses and tax credits that may not be realized.credits.
At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company retained $172.3$370.4 million of remaining net operating loss carry forwards in the United States from acquisitions. The utilization of these net operating loss carry forwards are limited in any one year pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and may begin to expire in 2019.2022. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company held $111.3$116.7 million of remaining net operating loss carry forwards in foreign jurisdictions that begin to expire in 2022.2023. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company held $116.6$228.6 million of federal and state research and development tax credit carry forwards in the United States, a portion of which may begin to expire in 2019.2022.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to the statutory federal rate is as follows:
  Year Ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
Federal statutory taxes 21.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 0.7
 2.1
 0.8
Foreign operations (5.4) (20.0) (21.6)
Permanent differences 2.0
 2.6
 3.2
The 2017 Tax Act - tax rate impact on deferred taxes (0.7) 11.8
 —
The 2017 Tax Act - transition tax (3.5) 66.3
 —
Change in valuation allowance reserve 0.4
 8.8
 —
Change in deferred tax liability related to acquired intangibles (0.1) 0.3
 (0.8)
Tax credits (5.8) (7.6) (7.9)
Stock-based compensation (1.9) (3.6) 0.3
Change in accruals for uncertain tax positions 1.8
 0.3
 2.2
Other —
 —
 (0.2)
  8.5 % 96.0 % 11.0 %

 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Federal statutory taxes21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit(5.5)0.3 0.3 
Foreign operations1.9 (5.1)(5.8)
Permanent differences6.2 2.2 3.0 
Tax reform - Switzerland(49.9)— (48.2)
Favorable impact from tax ruling(11.6)— — 
Change in valuation allowance reserve(21.0)3.4 7.4 
Tax credits(29.3)(8.1)(8.4)
Stock-based compensation(5.1)(3.0)(1.9)
Change in accruals for uncertain tax positions11.1 (2.5)(1.1)
Other(1.8)0.9 (0.1)
(84.0)%9.1 %(33.8)%
The Company’s effective tax rate generally differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to lower tax rates on earnings generated by the Company’s foreign operations that are taxed primarily in Switzerland.

The 2017 Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provides that an entity may make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years, or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. Additionally, the 2017 Tax Act provides for a tax benefit to U.S. taxpayers that sell goods or services to foreign customers under the new Foreign Derived Intangible Income Deduction ("FDII") rules. As of December 31, 2018, the Company concluded to provide for the GILTI tax expense and FDII benefit in the year the tax is incurred and as a result the Company included federal and state GILTI and FDII amounts of $12.8 million expense and $5.4 million benefit, respectively, related to current-year operations only in its estimated annual effective tax rate and has not provided additional GILTI on deferred items.
The Company's effective tax rate was approximately 8.5%(84.0)% and 96.0%9.1% for the years ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate when comparing the year ended December 31, 20182021 to the year ended December 31, 20172020, was primarily due to accounting for the estimated tax impact of the 2017 Tax Act and the separation of the GoTo Business. Specifically, results from 2017 include a $364.6 million provisionalan income tax charge for the transition tax on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income, and a $64.8 million provisional income tax charge for the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities because of the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%. The Company also recorded a $48.6 million income tax charge to establish a valuation allowance primarily due to a change in expectation of realizability of state R&D credits arising from the separation of the GoTo Business. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $21.9$120.4 million due to final rulings issued by the Swiss taxing authorities that provided revised guidance related to the finalizationcertain provisions of the one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of foreign income and a tax benefit of $4.4 million related to the finalization of the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities because of the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TRAF.
The Company's effective tax rate was approximately 96.0%9.1% and 11.0%(33.8)% for the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate when comparing the year ended December 31, 20172020 to the year ended December 31, 20162019, was primarily due to accounting fortax items unique to the period ended December 31, 2019. These amounts include an estimated income tax benefit of $112.1 million and $99.9 million attributable to the cantonal and federal impact of the 2017 Tax Act andTRAF, respectively, during the separation of the GoTo Business. Specifically, the Company recorded a $364.6 million provisional income tax charge for the transition tax on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income, and a $64.8 million provisional income tax charge for the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities because of the maximum U.S. federal corporate rate reduction from 35% to 21%. The Company also recorded a $48.6 million income tax charge to establish a valuation allowance primarily due to a change in expectation of realizability of state R&D credits arising from the separation of the GoTo Business. These charges were marginally offset by a $22.0 million tax benefit due to the adoption of an accounting standard update requiring recognition of income tax effects related to stock based compensation when the awards vest or settle.year ended December 31, 2019.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019 is as follows (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2018$89,906 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year11,244 
Additions for tax positions of prior years3,414 
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations(20,098)
Balance at December 31, 201984,466 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year15,182 
Additions for tax positions of prior years13,765 
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations(15,553)
Reductions related to audit settlements(19,975)
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(3,203)
Balance at December 31, 202074,682 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year16,949 
Additions for tax positions of prior years11,913 
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations(2)
Balance at December 31, 2021$103,542 
Balance at December 31, 2016$69,801
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year9,293
Additions for tax positions of prior years7,656
Reductions related to audit settlements(137)
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations(8,764)
Balance at December 31, 201777,849
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year10,168
Additions for tax positions of prior years10,325
Reductions related to the expiration of statutes of limitations(8,436)
Balance at December 31, 2018$89,906
As of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company's unrecognized tax benefits of $35.4totaled approximately $103.5 million were offset against long-term deferred tax assets. All amountscompared to $74.7 million as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2021, $89.5 million included in thisthe balance for tax positions would affect the annual effective tax rate.rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to uncertain tax positions and penalties in income tax expense. For the year endedAs of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company has accrued $3.9$1.6 million for the payment of interest.

F-35
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
On July 24, 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the U.S. Tax Court’s unanimous decision in Altera v. Commissioner, where the Tax Court held the Treasury regulation requiring participants in a qualified cost sharing arrangement share stock-based compensation costs to be invalid. On August 7, 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, on its own motion, withdrew its July 24, 2018 opinion to allow time for the reconstituted panel to confer. Given the increased uncertainty as to the Ninth Circuit's eventual ruling and the impact it will have on the Internal Revenue Service’s ability to challenge the technical merits of the Company's position, the Company accrued amounts for this uncertain tax position as of the year ended December 31, 2018.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company and one or more of its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income taxes in the United States, as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is not currently under examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service.Service for the 2017 and 2018 tax years. With few exceptions, the Company is generally not subject to examination for state and local income tax, or in non-U.S. jurisdictions by tax authorities for years prior to 2015.

2017.
The Company's U.S. liquidity needs are currently satisfied using cash flows generated from its U.S. operations, borrowings, or both. The Company also utilizes a variety of tax planning strategies in an effort to ensure that its worldwide cash is available in locations in which it is needed. Prior to 2017, the Company did not recognize a deferred tax liability related to undistributed foreign earnings of its subsidiaries because such earnings were considered to be indefinitely reinvested in its foreign operations, or were remitted substantially free of U.S. tax. Under the 2017 Tax Act, all foreign earnings are subject to U.S. taxation. As a result, theThe Company expects to repatriate a substantial portion of its foreign earnings over time, to the extent that the foreign earnings are not restricted by local laws or result in significant incremental costs associated with repatriating the foreign earnings.

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Citrix has one1 reportable segment. The Company's chief operating decision maker (“CODM”)CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company's CEO is the CODM.
International revenues (sales outside of the United States) accounted for approximately 47.0%for 49.7%, 46.3% 50.5% and 46.3%48.2% of the Company’s net revenues for the yearyears ended December 31, 2018, 2017,2021, 2020 and 2016,2019, respectively.
Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, net, and are shown below.
 December 31,
 2018 2017
 (In thousands)
Property and equipment, net:   
United States$185,091
 $189,465
United Kingdom25,459
 24,171
Other countries32,846
 39,296
Total property and equipment, net$243,396
 $252,932
December 31,
20212020
 (In thousands)
Property and equipment, net:
United States$168,144 $160,825 
United Kingdom18,611 23,434 
Other countries32,276 24,552 
Total property and equipment, net$219,031 $208,811 
In fiscal year 2018,years 2021, 2020 and 2019, one distributor the Arrow Group, accounted for 14%17%, of the Company’s total net revenues. In fiscal year 201717% and 2016, two distributors, Ingram Micro and Arrow, accounted for 13% and 12%,15% respectively, of the Company’s total net revenues. The Company’s distributor arrangements with Ingram Micro and Arrowthe distributor consist of several non-exclusive, independently negotiated agreements with its subsidiaries, each of which covers different countries or regions.
During 2018, the Company initiated an effort to streamline and simplify its product branding and packaging, which included naming updates to the portfolio to provide clarity on the Company's offerings and unify its sales motions. The change resulted in the Company consolidating its former Content Collaboration product group and Workspace Services product group and renaming the new product group Digital Workspace. As a result, previously reported revenue
Revenues by product grouping amounts have been recast to conform to the new presentation.Product Grouping
Revenues by product grouping were as follows forfollows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(In thousands)
Net revenues:
Workspace (1)
$2,425,640 $2,402,587 $2,127,350 
App Delivery and Security (2)
695,144 720,749 750,268 
Professional services (3)
96,386 113,364 132,946 
Total net revenues$3,217,170 $3,236,700 $3,010,564 

(1)Workspace revenues are primarily comprised of sales from the years ended:Company’s application virtualization solutions, which include Citrix Workspace, Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, Citrix Content Collaboration and Collaborative Work Management.
(2)App Delivery and Security revenues primarily include Citrix ADC.
(3)Professional services revenues are comprised of revenues from consulting services primarily related to the Company's perpetual offerings and product training and certification services.
F-36
 December 31,
 2018 
2017 (4)
 
2016 (4)
 (In thousands)
Net revenues:     
Digital workspace(1)
$2,024,289
 $1,901,952
 $1,821,739
Networking(2)
817,193
 790,434
 782,875
Professional services(3)
132,421
 132,300
 131,466
Total net revenues$2,973,903
 $2,824,686
 $2,736,080
(1)Digital Workspace revenues are primarily comprised of sales from the Company’s application virtualization solutions, which include Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, the Company's unified endpoint management solutions, which include Citrix Endpoint Management, related license updates and maintenance and support, Citrix Content Collaboration, and cloud offerings.
(2)Networking revenues primarily include Citrix ADC and Citrix SD-WAN, related license updates and maintenance and support and cloud offerings.
(3)Professional services revenues are primarily comprised of revenues from consulting services and product training and certification services.
(4)Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method of adoption of the revenue recognition standard. See Note 2 for further information regarding the Company’s adoption of the revenue recognition standard.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revenues by Geographic Location
The following table presents revenues by geographic location, for the years ended:
 December 31,
 2018 
2017 (1)
 
2016 (1)
 (In thousands)
Net revenues:     
Americas$1,716,876
 $1,644,008
 $1,598,896
EMEA956,365
 888,072
 863,517
APJ300,662
 292,606
 273,667
Total net revenues$2,973,903
 $2,824,686
 $2,736,080
(1) As noted above, prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method of adoption of the
revenue recognition standard. See Note 2 for further information regarding the Company’s adoption of the revenue
recognition standard.location:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(In thousands)
Net revenues:
Americas$1,774,720 $1,766,419 $1,704,763 
EMEA1,129,332 1,147,731 991,216 
APJ313,118 322,550 314,585 
Total net revenues$3,217,170 $3,236,700 $3,010,564 
Export revenue represents shipments of finished goods and services from the United States to international customers, primarily in Latin America and Canada. Shipments from the United States to international customers for 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 20162019 were $141.9$168.1 million, $151.9$199.3 million and $160.5$161.2 million, respectively.
Subscription Revenue
The Company's subscription revenue relates to fees for SaaS, which are generally recognized ratably over the contractual term and non-SaaS, which are generally recognized at a point in time, other than the related support which is recognized over the contractual term. SaaS primarily consists of subscriptions delivered via a cloud-hosted service whereby the customer does not take possession of the software and hybrid subscription offerings and the related support. Non-SaaS consists primarily of on-premise licensing, hybrid subscription offerings, CSP services and the related support. The Company's hybrid subscription offerings are allocated between SaaS and non-SaaS. The following table presents subscription revenues by SaaS and non-SaaS components:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
(In thousands)
Subscription:
SaaS$857,340 $540,807 $390,774 
Non-SaaS696,435 573,991 260,036 
Total Subscription revenue$1,553,775 $1,114,798 $650,810 

13. DEBT
The components of the Company's long-term debt were as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20212020
2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement$1,000,000 $— 
Term Loan Credit Agreement100,000 250,000 
2026 Notes750,000 — 
2027 Notes750,000 750,000 
2030 Notes750,000 750,000 
Total face value3,350,000 1,750,000 
Less: unamortized discount(6,276)(5,594)
Less: unamortized issuance costs(17,397)(11,784)
Total long-term debt$3,326,327 $1,732,622 
2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement
On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into a term loan credit agreement (the “2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto from time to time (collectively, the “2021 Lenders”). The 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement provided the Company with a facility to borrow a term loan on an
F-37
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
unsecured basis in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.00 billion. The Company borrowed $1.00 billion on February 26, 2021 under the 2021 Term Loan, and the loan matures on February 26, 2024. The proceeds of borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement were used to finance a portion of the purchase price for the Wrike acquisition. See Note 6 for detailed information on the Wrike acquisition.
Borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to (a) either (i) a customary LIBOR formula or, upon a phase-out of LIBOR, an alternative benchmark rate as provided in the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, or (ii) a customary base rate formula, plus (b) the applicable margin with respect thereto, which initially was determined based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company made an election to base the applicable margin on the Company’s non-credit enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt rating as determined by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor’s Financial Services, LLC and Fitch Ratings Inc., in each case as set forth in the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement effective in the third quarter of 2021.
The 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement includes a covenant limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio to not more than 4.0:1.0, subject to a mandatory step-down after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 to 3.75:1.0, and further subject to, upon the occurrence of a qualified acquisition in any quarter on or after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022, if so elected by the Company, a step-up to 4.25:1.0 for the 4 fiscal quarters following such qualified acquisition. The 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement also includes a covenant limiting the Company’s consolidated interest coverage ratio to not less than 3.0:1.0. The 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, with corresponding grace periods in certain circumstances, including, without limitation, payment defaults, cross-defaults, the occurrence of a change of control of the Company and bankruptcy-related defaults. The 2021 Lenders are entitled to accelerate repayment of the loans under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of any of the events of default. In addition, the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the ability of the Company to grant liens, merge or consolidate, dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, change its business and incur subsidiary indebtedness, in each case subject to customary exceptions. The 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement also contains representations and warranties customary for an unsecured financing of this type. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2021.
Certain 2021 Lenders and/or their affiliates have provided and may continue to provide commercial banking, investment management and other services to the Company, its affiliates and employees, for which they receive customary fees and commissions.
Term Loan Credit Agreement
On January 21, 2020, the Company entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto from time to time (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) that provides the Company with facilities to borrow term loans on an unsecured basis in an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.00 billion, consisting of (i) a $500.0 million 364-day term loan facility (the “364-day Term Loan”), and (ii) a $500.0 million 3-year term loan (the “3-year Term Loan”), in each case in a single borrowing, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Term Loan Credit Agreement. On January 30, 2020, the Company borrowed $1.00 billion under the term loans and used the proceeds to enter into the accelerated share repurchase transactions for an aggregate of $1.00 billion. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company used the net proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash to repay $750.0 million under the Term Loan Credit Agreement. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company repaid $150.0 million under the 3-year Term Loan.See Note 9 for detailed information on the accelerated share repurchase.
Borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to (a) either (i) LIBOR or, upon a phase-out of LIBOR, an alternative benchmark rate as provided in the Term Loan Credit Agreement, or (ii) a customary base rate formula, plus (b) the applicable margin with respect thereto, which initially was determined based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company made an election to base the applicable margin on the Company’s non-credit enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt rating as set forth in the Term Loan Credit Agreement effective in the second quarter of 2021.
On February 5, 2021, the Company entered into the first amendment to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, which amends, among other things, the covenant limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. After giving effect to the amendment, the covenant limiting the Company's consolidated leverage ratio will be consistent with the covenant limiting the Company's consolidated leverage ratio in the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, and will be limited to not more than 4.0:1.0, subject to a mandatory step-down after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Leverage Ratio Step-Down”) to 3.75:1.0, and further subject to, upon the occurrence of a qualified acquisition in any quarter on or after the fifth fiscal quarter ending after the Leverage Ratio Step-Down, if so elected by the Company, a step-up to
F-38
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4.25:1.0 for the 4 fiscal quarters following such qualified acquisition. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2021.
Senior Notes

On February 18, 2021, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2026. The 2026 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.250% per annum, which is due semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning on September 1, 2021. The net proceeds from this offering were $741.4 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the 2026 Notes to fund a portion of the purchase price for the Wrike acquisition. The 2026 Notes will mature on March 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
On February 25, 2020, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due March 1, 2030. The 2030 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.300% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is due semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The net proceeds from this offering were $738.1 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the 2030 Notes and cash to repay $500.0 million under the 364-day Term Loan and $250.0 million under the 3-year Term Loan. The 2030 Notes will mature on March 1, 2030, unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
On November 15, 2017, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes due December 1, 2027. The 2027 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 4.500% per annum. Interest on the 2027 Notes is due semi-annually on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2018.year. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $741.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. Net proceeds from this offering were used to repurchase shares of the Company's common stock through an ASR transaction which the Company entered into with the ASR counterpartyCitibank, N.A. (the “ASR Counterparty”) on November 13, 2017. The 2027 Notes will mature on December 1, 2027, unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The Company may redeem
Each of the 2026 Notes, 2030 Notes and 2027 Notes at its option at any timeare individually redeemable in whole or from time to time in part at the Company's option, subject to a make-whole premium. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain change of control triggering events prior to September 1, 2027 at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments under such 2027 Notes, plus in each case, accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Among other terms, under certain circumstances,maturity, holders of the 2027 Notesnotes may require the Company to repurchase their 2027 Notes upon the occurrence of a change of control prior to maturitynotes for cash at a repurchase price equal toof 101% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notesnotes to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
Credit Facility
Effective January 7, 2015,On November 26, 2019, the Company entered into a Credit Facilityan amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of financial institutions, (the “Lenders”).which amends and restates the Company’s Credit Agreement, dated January 7, 2015. The Credit FacilityAgreement provides for a five yearfive-year unsecured revolving line of credit facility in the aggregate amount of $250.0 million, subject to continued covenant compliance. The Company may elect to increase the revolving credit facility by up to $250.0 million if existing or new lenders provide additional revolving commitments in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. A portion of the revolving line of credit (i) in the aggregate amount of $25.0 million may be available for issuances of letters of credit and (ii) in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million may be available for swing line loans, as part of, not in addition to, the aggregate revolving commitments. The Credit Facilitycredit facility bears interest at a rate equal to (a) either (i) a LIBOR plus 1.10% and adjustsor, upon a phase-out of LIBOR, an alternative benchmark rate as provided in the range of 1.00% to 1.30% above LIBORCredit Agreement, or (ii) a customary base rate formula, plus (b) the applicable margin with respect thereto, which initially was determined based on the ratio ofCompany’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company made an election to base the applicable margin on the Company’s totallong-term debt to its adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and certain other items (“EBITDA”)rating as definedset forth in the agreement.Credit Agreement effective in the second quarter of 2021. In addition, the Company is required to pay a quarterly facility fee ranging from 0.125%0.11% to 0.20% of the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Facilitycredit facility and based on the ratio of the Company’s total debt to the Company’s consolidated EBITDA.EBITDA or long-term credit rating. As of December 31, 2018, there were2021 and 2020, no amounts were outstanding under the Credit Facility.credit facility.
TheOn February 5, 2021, the Company entered into the first amendment to the Credit Agreement, contains certain financial covenants that requirewhich amends, among other things, the Companycovenant limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. After giving effect to maintain athe amendment, the covenant limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio ofwill be consistent with the covenant limiting the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio in the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement, and will be limited to not more than 3.5:4.0:1.0, subject to a mandatory step-down after the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 (or such earlier date as the Company may elect by written notice to Bank of America, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent) under the 2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Leverage Ratio Step-Down”) to 3.75:1.0, and further subject to, upon the occurrence of a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.0:1.0. In addition,qualified acquisition in any quarter on or after the Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrictfifth fiscal quarter ending after the ability ofLeverage Ratio Step-Down, if so elected by the Company, to grant liens, merge, dissolve or consolidate, dispose of all or substantially all of its assets, pay dividends during the existence of a default under the Credit Agreement, change its business and incur subsidiary indebtedness, in each case subjectstep-up to
F-39
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

to customary exceptions4.25:1.0 for a credit facility of this size and type.the 4 fiscal quarters following such qualified acquisition. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 2018.2021.
Convertible Senior Notes
During 2014, the Company completed a private placement of approximately $1.44 billion principal amount of 0.500% Convertible Notes due 2019. The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $1.42 billion, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company used approximately $82.6 million of the net proceeds to pay the cost of the Bond Hedges described below (after such cost was partially offset by the proceeds to the Company from the Warrant Transactions described below). The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds from the offering and a portion of its existing cash and investments to purchase an aggregate of approximately $1.5 billion of its common stock, as authorized under its share repurchase program. The Company purchased approximately $101.0 million of common stock from certain purchasers of theAll Convertible Notes in privately negotiated transactions concurrently with the closing of the offering, and purchased approximately $1.4 billion of additional shares of common stock through an ASR agreement which the Company entered into with the ASR counterpartywere converted by their beneficial owners prior to their maturity on April 25, 2014.
The Convertible Notes are governed by15, 2019. In accordance with the terms of anthe indenture dated as of April 30, 2014 (the “Indenture”), betweengoverning the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Convertible Notes, are the senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 0.500% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The Convertible Notes will mature on April 15, 2019 unless earlier repurchased or converted. Upon conversion, the Company will pay cash up topaid $1.16 billion in the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be converted and deliver shares of common stock, in respect of the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted.
In accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes was adjusted to 13.9510 shares of the Company's common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes, which corresponds to a conversion price of $71.68 per share of common stock, as a result of a cash dividend paid in December 2018. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment from time to time upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, the issuance of certain stock dividends on common stock, the issuance of certain rights or warrants, subdivisions, combinations, distributions of capital stock, indebtedness, or assets, the payment of cash dividends and certain issuer tender or exchange offers.

The last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on September 30, 2018 was greater than or equal to $93.48 (130% of the conversion price) on each applicable trading day. As a result, each holder of the Company’s Convertible Notes had the right to convert any portion of its Convertible Notes (in minimum denominations of $1,000 in principal amount or an integral multiple thereof) during the fourth quarter of 2018. The sales price condition was also met for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. As of October 15, 2018, the Company received conversion notices from noteholders with respect to $273.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes requesting conversion as a result of the sales price condition having been met. Accordingly, in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes, in the fourth quarter of 2018 the Company made cash payments of this aggregate principal amount and delivered 1.34.9 million newly issued shares of its common stock in respect of the remainder of the Company's conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being redeemed,converted, in full satisfaction of such converted notes. The Company received shares of its common stock under the Bond Hedges (as defined below) that offset the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. SeeDuring the discussion under “Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transaction” in this Note 13 for detailed information on the Bond Hedges. In addition, on or after October 15, 2018 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the April 15,year ended December 31, 2019, maturity date, holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to convert their notes at any time, regardless of whether the sales price condition is met. Any conversions with respect to conversion notices received by the Company on or after October 15, 2018 will settle on the maturity date. As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding balance, net of discount, of $1.16 billion of the Convertible Notes is includedrecorded $1.6 million in current liabilitiescontractual interest and the difference between the face value and carrying value of $8.1 million is included in temporary equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In accounting for the settlementamortization of the Convertible Notes, the Company allocated the fair value of the settlement consideration remitted to the noteholders between the liability and equity components. The portion of the settlement consideration allocated to the extinguishment of the liability component was based on the fair value of that component immediately before extinguishment. A loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of income for the difference between the consideration allocated to the liability component and the sum of the carrying amount of the liability component and any unamortized debt issuance costs.Additionally, upon settlement of the converted principal, the Company derecognized the
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

related unamortized discount and issuance costs. The Company allocated the remaining settlement consideration to the reacquisition of the equity component and recognized this amount as a reduction of stockholders' equity.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to the maturity date and no “sinking fund” is provided for the Convertible Notes, which means that the Company is not required to periodically redeem or retire the Convertible Notes. Upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes involving the Company, holders of the Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes in principal amounts of $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the estimated fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the face value of the Convertible Notes as a whole. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount ("debt discount") is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method with an effective interest rate of 3.0 percent per annum. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
In accounting for the transaction costs related to the Convertible Note issuance, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the $1.4 billion liability component are being amortized to expense over the term of the Convertible Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included along with the equity component in stockholders' equity. Additionally, a deferred tax liability of $8.2 million related to a portion of the equity component transaction costs which are deductible for tax purposes is included in Other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Convertible Notes consist of the following (in thousands):
 December 31, 2018December 31, 2017
Liability component  
     Principal$1,164,497
$1,437,483
     Less: note discount and issuance costs(9,052)(51,159)
Net carrying amount$1,155,445
$1,386,324
   
Equity component  
     Temporary equity$8,110
$—
Additional paid-in-capital127,374
162,869
Total (including temporary equity)$135,484
$162,869
The following table includes total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes and 2027 Notes (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
Contractual interest expense$40,151
 $11,406
 $7,187
Amortization of debt issuance costs4,663
 4,050
 3,863
Amortization of debt discount34,228
 34,039
 33,014
 $79,042
 $49,495
 $44,064
See Note 6 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for fair value disclosures related to the Company's Convertible Notes and 2027 Notes.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions
In connection withTo minimize the pricingimpact of potential dilution upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions relating to approximately 16.0 million shares of common stock (the "Bond Hedges"“Bond Hedges”) and also entered into separate warrant transactions (the "Warrant Transactions"“Warrant Transactions”) with each of the Option Counterparties relating to approximately 16.0 million shares of common stock.stock to offset any payments in cash or shares of common stock at the Company’s election. As a result of the spin-off of its GoTo Business in January 2017, the number of shares of the Company's common stock covered by the Bond Hedges and Warrant Transactions was adjusted to approximately 20.0 million shares.
TheAs noted above, the Bond Hedges are generally expected to reducereduced the potential dilution upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, and/or offset any payments in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, that the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes upon conversion of any Convertible Notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market price per share of common stock, as measured under the terms of the Bond Hedges, iswas greater than the strike price of the Bond Hedges, which initially correspondscorresponded to the conversion price of the Convertible Notes and iswas subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes. The Warrant Transactions willwould have separately havehad a dilutive effect to the extent that the market value per share of common stock, as measured under the terms of the Warrant Transactions, exceedsexceeded the applicable strike price of the warrants issued pursuant to the Warrant Transactions (the “Warrants”). The strike price of the Warrants was adjusted to $94.94 as a result of the cash dividend paid in December 2018.
The Warrants will expireexpired in ratable portions on a series of expiration dates commencing afterthat commenced on July 15, 2019 and concluded on November 18, 2019. During the maturityyear ended December 31, 2019, 14.9 million Warrants were exercised, and the Company delivered 1.0 million shares of its common stock as the Convertible Notes.volume weighted average stock price was above the Warrant strike price. Additionally, as of December 31, 2019, 5.4 million Warrants expired unexercised on various dates and no Warrants remain outstanding. The Bond Hedges and Warrants arewere not marked to market as the value of the Bond Hedges and Warrants were initially recorded in stockholders' equity and continue to beremained classified within stockholders' equity. Asequity through their expiration.
Bridge Facility and Take-Out Facility Commitment Letter
On January 16, 2021, the Company entered into a bridge facility and take-out facility commitment letter (the “Commitment Letter”) pursuant to which JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (1) committed to provide a senior unsecured 364-day term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of December 31, 2018, no warrants have been exercised.
Aside from$1.45 billion to finance the initial payment of a premiumcash consideration for the Wrike acquisition in the event that the permanent debt financing was not available on or prior to the Option CounterpartiesClosing Date and (2) agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to assemble a syndicate of lenders to provide the necessary commitments for the senior term loan facility. The commitments under the Bond Hedges, which amount is partially offset byCommitment Letter were permanently reduced to zero on February 18, 2021, as a result of (i) the receipteffectiveness of a premium under the Warrant Transactions,2021 Term Loan Credit Agreement and (ii) the completion of the issuance of the 2026 Notes. In connection with the Commitment Letter, the Company is not required to make any cash payments toincurred $5.4 million in issuance costs that were expensed in the Option Counterparties underfirst quarter of 2021 and are included in Interest expense in the Bond Hedges and will not receive any proceeds if the Warrants are exercised.accompanying consolidated statements of income.
14. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
As of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities primarily resulted from cash flow hedges related to its forecasted operating expenses transacted in local currencies. A substantial portion of the Company’s overseas expenses are and will continue to be transacted in local currencies. To protect against fluctuations in operating expenses and the volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in currency exchange rates, the Company has established a program that uses foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge its exposure to these potential changes. The terms of these instruments, and the hedged transactions to which they relate, generally do not exceed twelve12 months.
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CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Generally, when the dollar is weak, foreign currency denominated expenses will be higher, and these higher expenses will be partially offset by the gains realized from the Company’s hedging contracts. Conversely, if the dollar is strong, foreign currency denominated expenses will be lower. These lower expenses will in turn be partially offset by the losses incurred from the Company’s hedging contracts. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value. The changeaccounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are initially reported as a component inof Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes unrealized gains orand are subsequently recognized in income when the hedged exposure is recognized in income. Gains and losses that arose from changes in market value of the effective portionfair values of derivatives that were held during the period, and gains or losses that were previously unrealized but have beenare not designated as hedges are recognized in the same line item as the forecasted transaction in current period netOther income, due to termination or maturities of derivative contracts. This reclassification has no effect on total comprehensive income or equity.net.
The total cumulative unrealized loss on cash flow derivative instruments was $1.0$0.6 million at December 31, 2018, and is included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total cumulative unrealized gain on cash flow derivative instruments was $2.2 million at December 31, 2017,2021, and is included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. See Note 16 for more information related to comprehensive income. The net unrealized loss as of December 31, 20182021 is expected to be recognized in income over the next 12 months at the same time the hedged items are recognized in income.
Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments
A substantial portion of the Company’s overseas assets and liabilities are and will continue to be denominated in local currencies. To protect against fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in currency exchange rates when remeasuring the Company’s balance sheet, itthe Company utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge its exposure to this potential volatility.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

These contracts are not designated for hedge accounting treatment under the authoritative guidance. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these contracts are recorded in Other (expense) income, net.
F-41
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
 Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
 (In thousands)
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Foreign currency forward contracts
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
$694
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
$3,945
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
$1,358
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
$75
 Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
 (In thousands)
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Balance Sheet
Location
Fair
Value
Foreign currency forward contracts
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
$47
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
$67
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
$173
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
$1,372
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
 (In thousands)
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
Foreign currency forward contracts
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
 $708 
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
 $2,481 
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
 $1,811 
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
 $110
                
 Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
 (In thousands)
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Derivatives Not Designated as
Hedging Instruments
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Fair
Value
Foreign currency forward contracts
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
 $56 
Prepaid
expenses
and other
current
assets
 $17 
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
 $732 
Accrued
expenses
and other
current
liabilities
 $704
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on Financial Performance
 For the Year ended December 31,
 (In thousands)
Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income		Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 into Income
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from
Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Loss
 20212020 20212020
Foreign currency forward contracts$(4,161)$2,694 Operating expenses$2,702 $(331)
 For the Year ended December 31,
 (In thousands)
Derivatives in Cash Flow
Hedging Relationships
Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Effective Portion)		 
Location of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 into Income
(Effective Portion)
 Amount of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from
Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Loss
(Effective Portion)
 2018 2017   2018 2017
Foreign currency forward contracts$(3,143) $5,288
 Operating expenses $(699) $758
There was no material ineffectiveness in the Company’s foreign currency hedging program in the periods presented.
 For the Year ended December 31,
 (In thousands)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging InstrumentsLocation of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on
Derivative		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
  20212020
Foreign currency forward contractsOther income, net$9,045 $(18,069)
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 For the Year ended December 31,
 (In thousands)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on
Derivative
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative
   2018 2017
Foreign currency forward contractsOther (expense) income, net $7,062
 $(6,804)

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Outstanding Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
As of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company had the following net notional foreign currency forward contracts outstanding (in thousands):
Foreign Currency
Currency
Denomination
Australian dollarsDollarAUD 18,20010,400
Brazilian RealBRL 5,5004,400
British pounds sterlingPounds SterlingGBP 14,10012,100
Canadian dollarsDollarCAD 2,3503,750
Chinese renminbiYuan RenminbiCNY 41,80024,000
Danish kroneCzech KorunaDKK 6,329CZK 43,000
EuroDanish KroneEUR 9,736DKK 10,700
EuroEUR 15,564
Hong Kong dollarsDollarHKD 20,60029,350
Indian rupeesRupeeINR 62,0001,180,000
Japanese yenYenJPY 2,300,000880,000
Korean WonKRW 150,000
New Zealand DollarNZD 100
Singapore dollarsDollarSGD 13,50016,400
Swiss francsFrancCHF 19,450295,150
15. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to stockholders by the weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of
common and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Dilutive common share equivalents consist of
shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of stock awards and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan
(calculated (calculated using the treasury stock method) during the period they were outstanding and potential dilutive common shares
from the conversion spread on the Company’s Convertible Notes and the Company's warrants.warrants during the period they were outstanding.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share information):
Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
Numerator:
Net income$307,499 $504,446 $681,813 
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding124,113 123,575 130,853 
Effect of dilutive employee stock awards2,146 2,577 2,196 
Effect of dilutive Convertible Notes— — 1,422 
Effect of dilutive warrants— — 1,024 
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding126,259 126,152 135,495 
Basic earnings per share$2.48 $4.08 $5.21 
Diluted earnings per share$2.44 $4.00 $5.03 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
Numerator:     
Income from continuing operations$575,667
 $21,985
 $469,855
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes—
 (42,704) 66,257
Net income (loss)$575,667
 $(20,719) $536,112
Denominator:     
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding136,030
 150,779
 155,134
Effect of dilutive employee stock awards2,653
 2,493
 1,950
Effect of dilutive Convertible Notes5,769
 2,231
 —
Effect of dilutive warrants1,482
 —
 —
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding145,934
 155,503
 157,084
      
Basic earnings (loss) per share:     
Income from continuing operations$4.23
 $0.15
 $3.03
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes—
 (0.28) 0.43
Basic net earnings (loss) per share$4.23
 $(0.13) $3.46
      
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:     
Income from continuing operations$3.94
 $0.14
 $2.99
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes—
 (0.27) 0.42
Diluted net earnings (loss) per share:$3.94
 $(0.13) $3.41

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no weighted-average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the warrants, as they expired on November 18, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018,2019, the weighted-average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the Company's warrants, as the average stock price during the year was above the weighted-average warrant strike price of $94.94$94.42 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, anti-dilutive stock-based awards excluded from the
F-43
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
calculations of diluted earnings per share were 1.8 million shares. For the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016, the weighted-average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted earnings per share does not include common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Company's warrants. The effects of these potentially issuable shares were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive2019, stock-based awards excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share were immaterial during the periods presented.not material.
The Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on its 0.500% Convertible Notes due 2019 on diluted earnings per share if applicable, because upon conversion the Company will paypaid cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash,delivered shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect of the remainder if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted. The conversion spread will havehad a dilutive impact on diluted earnings per share when the average market price of the Company’s common stock for a given period exceedsexceeded the conversion price of $71.68 per share of common stock.price. For the years ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, there was 0 dilution as the Convertible Notes matured on April 15, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the average market price of the Company's common stock exceeded the conversion price,price; therefore, the dilutive effect of the Convertible Notes was included in the denominator of diluted earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Convertible Notes have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the conversion price of the Convertible Notes exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common stock. See Note 13 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for detailed information on the Convertible Notes offering.
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, are as follows:
 Foreign currency Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments Other comprehensive loss on pension liability Total
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017$(2,946) $(6,666) $2,158
 $(3,352) $(10,806)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications—
 (1,770) (3,842) 1,569
 (4,043)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss—
 5,996
 699
 —
 6,695
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)—
 4,226
 (3,143) 1,569
 2,652
Balance at December 31, 2018$(2,946) $(2,440) $(985) $(1,783) $(8,154)
 Foreign currencyUnrealized loss on available-for-sale securitiesUnrealized gain (loss) on derivative instrumentsOther comprehensive (loss) gain on pension liabilityTotal
 (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$(2,946)$(18)$3,562 $(4,247)$(3,649)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications— 16 (1,459)4,898 3,455 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss— — (2,702)— (2,702)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)— 16 (4,161)4,898 753 
Balance at December 31, 2021$(2,946)$(2)$(599)$651 $(2,896)
Income tax expense or benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) is not material.
Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows:
  For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
  (In thousands)
Details about accumulated other comprehensive loss components Amount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax Affected line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
Unrealized net loss on available-for-sale securities $5,996
 Other income (expense), net
Unrealized net loss on cash flow hedges 699
 Operating expenses *
  $6,695
  
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
(In thousands)
Details about accumulated other comprehensive loss componentsAmount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxAffected line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
Unrealized net gains on cash flow hedges(2,702)Operating expenses *
* Operating expenses amounts allocated to Research and development, Sales, marketing and services, and General and administrative are not individually significant.
17. RESTRUCTURING
2021 Restructuring Program
On November 15, 2021, the Company announced the implementation of a restructuring program (the “2021 Restructuring Program”) intended to improve operational efficiency. The 2021 Restructuring Program includes, among other things, the elimination of full-time positions, termination of certain contracts, and asset impairments, primarily related to facilities consolidations. The Company currently expects to record in the aggregate approximately $130.0 million to $240.0 million in pre-tax restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with the 2021 Restructuring Program. Included in these pre-tax charges are approximately $65.0 million to $90.0 million related to employee severance arrangements, approximately $40.0 million to $75.0 million related to the impairment of ROU and other assets from the consolidation of facilities, approximately $20.0 million to $35.0 million in contract termination costs and approximately $5.0 million to $40.0 million related to the impairment of certain acquired intangible assets. See Note 2 for detailed information on long-lived assets and intangible assets. The program is expected to be substantially completed over an estimated eighteen-month period.
F-44
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Other Restructuring Programs
The Company has implemented multipleother restructuring plans to reduce its cost structure, align resources with its product strategy and improve efficiency, which hashave resulted in workforce reductions and the consolidation of certain leased facilities. All of the activities related to these other restructuring plans are substantially complete.
Restructuring Charges
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020 and 2016,2019, restructuring charges from continuing operations were comprised of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
 202120202019
2021 Restructuring Program
Employee severance and related costs$66,995 $— $— 
ROU asset impairment20,927 — — 
Other asset impairment15,401 — — 
Total 2021 Restructuring Program charges$103,323 $— $— 
Other Restructuring Programs
Employee severance and related costs$— $3,100 $19,581 
Consolidation of leased facilities— — 2,666 
ROU asset impairment— 8,881 — 
Total Other Restructuring Programs charges$— $11,981 $22,247 
Total Restructuring charges$103,323 $11,981 $22,247 
 Year Ended December 31,
 2018 2017 2016
Employee severance and related costs$2,507
 $62,844
 $41,054
Consolidation of leased facilities14,218
 9,718
 28,857
Reversal of previous charges—
 (187) (2,510)
Total Restructuring charges$16,725
 $72,375
 $67,401
The Company reviews for impairment of its long-lived assets, including ROU assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may be impaired. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset compared to its carrying value. The fair value of the ROU assets is determined by utilizing the present value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the assets.
During the yearsyear ended December 31, 2018 and 2017,2021, in connection with the 2021 Restructuring Program the Company incurred costsre-evaluated its real estate needs, resulting in a reduction of $2.5owned space and leased space, and the impairment of the associated ROU assets and property and equipment. For the year ended December 31, 2021, these actions resulted in a restructuring charge of $29.4 million, and $53.7comprised of noncash charges of $20.9 million respectively, related to initiatives intendedthe impairment of operating lease ROU assets, and property and equipment of $8.5 million. Due to accelerate the transformationactions taken above, the Company tested the operating lease ROU assets and certain property and equipment for recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to a cloud-based subscription business, increase strategic focus,an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and improve operational efficiency. No costseventual disposition of the asset group. Based on the results of the recoverability test, the Company determined that the undiscounted cash flows of the asset groups were incurredbelow the carrying values, indicating impairment. The Company then determined the fair value of the asset groups by utilizing the present value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the assets.
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2016. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed by the end of 2018.
In2021, in connection with its restructuring initiatives,the 2021 Restructuring Program, the Company had previously vacated or consolidated propertiesdetermined that certain capitalized internal use software did not have ongoing economic benefits and subsequently reassessed its obligations on non-cancelable leases. The fair value estimaterecorded impairment charges of these non-cancelable leases is based on the contractual lease costs over the remaining term, partially offset by estimated future sublease rental income. $6.2 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company incurred costsdetermined that a vacant facility partially impaired under a previous restructuring plan became fully impaired due to a reassessment of $14.2 million related to the consolidationtiming and fees of leased facilities. Duringthe assumed sublease rentals and recorded impairment charges of $8.9 million.
These non-recurring fair value measurements were categorized as Level 3, as significant unobservable inputs were utilized.
F-45
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred costs of $8.1 million related to operational initiatives designed to improve infrastructure scalability and cost saving efficiencies. The charges primarily related to employee severance. No costs were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The charges related to employee severance were substantially completed as of the first quarter of 2018; however, the Company could continue to incur lease losses related to the consolidation of leased facilities during fiscal year 2019.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred costs of $1.9 million and $44.5 million, respectively, primarily related to its announced plan in November 2015 to simplify the Company’s enterprise go-to-market motion and roles while improving coverage, reflect changes in the Company’s product focus, and balance resources with demand across the Company’s marketing, general and administration areas. The charges are primarily related to employee severance, outplacement, professional service fees, and facility closing costs. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed as of the end of the first quarter of 2016.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded charges of $8.7 million and $24.0 million, respectively, related to its announced plan in January 2015 to increase strategic focus and operational efficiency. The charges primarily related to the severance and other costs directly related to the reduction of the Company's workforce and consolidation of leased facilities. The majority of the activities related to this program were substantially completed by the end of 2015.
Restructuring accruals
The activity in the Company’s restructuring accruals for the year ended December 31, 20182021 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 Total
Balance at January 1, 2018$55,283
Restructuring charges16,725
Payments(26,913)
Balance at December 31, 2018$45,095
As of December 31, 2018, the $45.1 million in outstanding restructuring accruals primarily relate to future payments for leased facilities.

CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
  
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 Total Year
  (In thousands, except per share amounts)
2018          
Net revenues $697,192
 $742,365
 $732,476
 $801,870
 $2,973,903
Gross margin 588,906
 633,616
 628,559
 689,019
 2,540,100
Income from operations 165,563
 145,147
 164,779
 202,471
 677,960
Net income 144,259
 106,833
 158,857
 165,718
 575,667
Earnings per share - basic 1.04
 0.79
 1.18
 1.24
 4.23
Earnings per share - diluted 0.99
 0.73
 1.08
 1.15
 3.94
  
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 Total Year
  (In thousands, except per share amounts)
2017          
Net revenues $662,677
 $693,227
 $690,925
 $777,857
 $2,824,686
Gross margin 560,219
 583,915
 584,988
 655,918
 2,385,040
Income from continuing operations 70,325
 108,829
 126,720
 (283,889) 21,985
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (42,704) —
 —
 —
 (42,704)
Net income 27,621
 108,829
 126,720
 (283,889) (20,719)
Basic earnings per share:          
Income (loss) from continuing operations 0.46
 0.72
 0.84
 (1.93) 0.15
Loss from discontinued operations (0.28) —
 —
 —
 (0.28)
Basic earnings (loss) per share 0.18
 0.72
 0.84
 (1.93) (0.13)
           
Diluted earnings per share:          
Income (loss) from continuing operations 0.44
 0.70
 0.82
 (1.93) 0.14
Loss from discontinued operations (0.27) —
 —
 —
 (0.27)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share 0.17
 0.70
 0.82
 (1.93) (0.13)
The sum of the quarterly net income per share amounts may differ from the annual earnings per share amount due to the weighting of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during each of the respective periods.



CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
  
Beginning
of Period
 
Charged to
Expense
 
Charged
to Other
Accounts
   Deductions   
Balance
at End
of Period
  (In thousands)
2018              
Deducted from asset accounts:              
Allowance for doubtful accounts $3,420
 $3,586
 $457
 
(3) 
 $3,829
 
(2) 
 $3,634
Allowance for returns 1,225
 —
 1,561
 
(1) 
 1,890
 
(4) 
 896
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 76,789
 —
 8,611
 
(5) 
 —
    85,400
2017              
Deducted from asset accounts:              
Allowance for doubtful accounts $3,889
 $3,917
 $9
 
(3) 
 $4,395
 
(2) 
 $3,420
Allowance for returns 1,994
 —
 4,890
 
(1) 
 5,659
 
(4) 
 1,225
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 14,156
 —
 62,633
 
(5) 
 —
    76,789
2016              
Deducted from asset accounts:              
Allowance for doubtful accounts $6,241
 $954
 $—
   $3,306
 
(2) 
 $3,889
Allowance for returns 1,438
 —
 2,088
 
(1) 
 1,532
 
(4) 
 1,994
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets 16,673
 —
 (2,517) 
(5) 
 —
    14,156
2021 Restructuring Program
Balance at January 1, 2021$— 
Employee severance and related costs66,995 
(1)
Payments		Charged against revenues.(38,893)
(2)
Balance at December 31, 2021		Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.$28,102 
18. LEASES
Leases
The Company leases certain office space and equipment under various operating leases. In addition to rent, the leases require the Company to pay for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses. Certain of these leases contain stated escalation clauses while others contain renewal options. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, excluding renewal periods, unless renewal of the lease is reasonably assured.
The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Classification
Operating lease costOperating expenses$51,089 $49,704 $50,163 
Variable lease costOperating expenses13,311 11,988 9,448 
Sublease incomeOther income, net(917)(1,064)(878)
Net lease cost$63,483 $60,628 $58,733 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$59,729 $55,514 $54,690 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases$37,697 $28,101 $49,264 
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Operating LeasesDecember 31,
20212020
Operating lease right-of-use assets$154,685 $187,129 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities$57,006 $48,359 
Operating lease liabilities166,014 195,767 
     Total operating lease liabilities$223,020 $244,126 
F-46
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Lease Term and Discount Rate
December 31,
20212020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)4.65.5
Weighted-average discount rate4.00 %4.53 %
Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Operating Leases
2022$64,014 
202355,366 
202448,820 
202539,577 
202615,895 
After 202620,527 
Total lease payments$244,199 
Less: imputed interest(21,179)
Present value of lease liabilities$223,020 
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Legal Matters
On January 22, 2022, a putative shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, naming the Company as a nominal defendant and certain of its current and former officers and directors as defendants. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and violations of Sections 10(b), 14(a), 20(a), and 21D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5, promulgated thereunder. The complaint, which references the securities class action filed November 19, 2021, alleges that the defendants made or caused the Company to make false or misleading statements that failed to disclose that the Company was struggling to transition customers from an on-premise offering to a cloud-based subscription offering and that the Company failed to maintain adequate internal controls. The complaint also alleges that the defendants caused the Company to repurchase shares at inflated stock prices. The complaint seeks an award of damages and restitution to the Company as a result of the alleged violations, plaintiff's costs and disbursements, including reasonable attorneys' and experts' fees, costs and other expenses, as well as corporate governance enhancements. The Company believes that it and the defendants have meritorious defenses to these allegations; however, the Company is unable to currently determine the ultimate outcome of this matter or the potential exposure or loss, if any.
Agreement and Plan of Merger
On January 31, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), with Picard Parent, Inc. (“Parent”), Picard Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”) and, for certain limited purposes detailed in the Merger Agreement, TIBCO Software, Inc. (“TIBCO”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Merger”), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent. Parent and Merger Sub were formed by TIBCO, an indirect subsidiary of an affiliate of Vista Equity Partners (“Vista”). Vista is partnering with Evergreen Coast Capital Corp., an affiliate of Elliott Investment Management L.P., to acquire all of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock (the “Company Common Stock”) for $104.00 per share in cash.
The Merger is conditioned upon, among other things, the approval of the Merger Agreement by the affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of all outstanding shares of Company Common Stock at a meeting of the Company’s stockholders held for such purpose, the expiration of the applicable waiting period (and any extension thereof) under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, certain other approvals, clearances or expirations of waiting periods under other antitrust laws and foreign investment screening laws, and other customary closing conditions. Subject to the satisfaction (or if applicable, waiver) of such conditions, the Merger is expected to close mid-year 2022.
F-47
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company may be required to pay Parent a termination fee of $409.0 million if the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain specified circumstances. The Merger Agreement additionally provides that Parent pay the Company a termination fee of $818.0 million under certain specified circumstances.


F-48
CITRIX SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Beginning
of Period
Charged to
Expense
Charged
to Other
Accounts
Deductions
Balance
at End
of Period
 (In thousands)
2021
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for credit losses$18,949 $6,689 $— $2,564 (2)$23,074 
Allowance for returns10,449 — 4,226 (1)2,133 (3)12,542 
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets151,791 — 7,628 (4)36,928 (6)122,491 
2020
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for credit losses$6,161 $12,136 $2,184 (5)$1,532 (2)$18,949 
Allowance for returns3,396 — 11,249 (1)4,196 (3)10,449 
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets128,388 — 23,403 (4)—   151,791 
2019
Deducted from asset accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts$3,634 $3,626 $— $1,099 (2)$6,161 
Allowance for returns896 — 5,307 (1)2,807 (3)3,396 
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets85,400 — 42,988 (4)—   128,388 
(3)
Adjustments from acquisitions.
(4)
Credits issued for returns.
(5)
Related to deferred tax assets on foreign tax credits, net operating loss carryforwards, and depreciation.


(1)Charged against revenues. 2021 also includes $0.7 million established in connection with acquisitions.

(2)Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.

(3)Credits issued for returns.
(4)Related to deferred tax assets on foreign tax credits, net operating loss carryforwards, and depreciation.
(5)Transition adjustment for adoption of credit loss standard.
(6)Relates to release of valuation allowance for Swiss tax reform.