UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

 (Mark(Mark one)
[X]
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Year Ended December 31, 20092012

[   ]
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to _____________

Commission file number: 000-27816

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII,
a California Limited Partnership
 (Exact(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California94-3158788
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)


  
900 Veterans Blvd., Suite 500, Redwood City, CA94063
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

(650) 365-5341
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Limited Partnership Units


 
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
[   ] YES     [X] NO

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
[   ] YES    [X] NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
[X] YES    [   ] NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
[X] YES    [   ] YES    [X] NO

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [   ][X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filerfiler  [   ]Accelerated filer  [   ]
Non-accelerated filer  [   ]
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
[   ] YES    [X] NO

The registrant’s limited partnership units are not publicly traded and therefore have no market value.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Prospectus, dated August 4, 2005, and Supplement No. 6 dated April 28, 2008, included as part of the Post Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (SEC File No. 333-125629) are incorporated in the following sections of this report:

·  Part I – Item 1 - Business
·  Part II – Item 5 – Market for the Registrant’s “Limited Partnership Units,” Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
·  Part III – Item 11 –Executive Compensation
·  Part III – Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence”

 
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REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Index to Form 10-K

December 31, 20092011


 
Part I
 
  
  Page No.
Item 1– Business4 
Item 1A– Risk Factors (Not included as smaller reporting company)1611 
Item 1B– Unresolved Staff Comments (Not applicable)1611 
Item 2– Properties1611 
Item 3– Legal Proceedings1911 
Item 4ReservedMine Safety Disclosures1911 
    
 Part II  
    
Item 5– Market for the Registrant’s “Limited Partnership Units,” Related Unitholder Matters and  
 Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities2012 
Item 6– Selected Consolidated Financial Data (Not included as smaller reporting company)2012 
Item 7ManagementManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations2012 
Item 7A– Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (Not included as smaller reporting company)3819 
Item 8– Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data3819 
Item 9– Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure7358 
Item 9A(T)9A– Controls and Procedures7358 
Item 9B– Other Information7358 
    
 Part III  
    
Item 10– Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance7459 
Item 11– Executive Compensation7560 
Item 12– Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management, and Related Stockholder Matters7661 
Item 13– Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence7661 
Item 14– Principal Accountant Fees & Services7661 
    
 Part IV  
    
Item 15– Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules7762 
    
Signatures7863 
    
Certifications8065 



 
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Part I


Forward-Looking Statements.Statements

Certain statements in this Report on Form 10-K which are not historical facts may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding the partnership’s expectations, hopes, intentions, beliefs and strategies regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding future interest rates and economic conditions and their effect on the partnership and its assets, trends in the California real estate market, estimates as to the allowance for loan losses, estimates of future limited partner withdrawals, 20102013 annualized yield estimates, additional foreclosures in 2010,2013, expectations regarding the level of loan delinquencies, plans to devel opdevelop certain properties, beliefs relating to the impact on the partnership from current economic conditions and trends in the financial and credit markets, expectations as to when liquidations will resume, or how long reduced earnings distributions will be in effect, beliefs regarding the partnership’s ability to recover its investment in certain properties, beliefs regarding the effect of borrower foreclosures on liquidity, the use of excess cash flow and the intention not to sell the partnership’s loan portfolio. Actual results may be materially different from what is projected by such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include unexpected changes in economic conditions and interest rates, the impact of competition and competitive pricing and downturns in the real estate markets in which the partnership has made loans. All forward-looking statements and reasons why results may differ included in this Form 10-K are made as of the d atedate hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement or reason why actual results may differ.


Item 1 – Business

Overview

Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, is a California Limited Partnership, (“RMI VIII” or the “partnership”) was organized in 1993, which makes1993. The general partners of the partnership are Redwood Mortgage Corp. (“RMC”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Gymno LLC (“Gymno”), a California limited liability company, and Michael R. Burwell (“Burwell”), an individual. The partnership was organized to engage in business as a mortgage lender for the primary purpose of making loans secured primarily by first and second deeds of trust on California real property.estate. Loans are being arranged and serviced by RMC. Michael R. Burwell Gymno Corporationis the president and Redwood Mortgage Corp. (RMC), both California Corporations,majority shareholder (through his holdings and beneficial interests in certain trusts) of RMC. The general partners are solely responsible for partnership business, subject to the voting rights of the limited partners on specified matters. Any one of the general partners ofacting alone has the power and authority to act for and bind the partnership. The addressgeneral partners are required to contribute to capital 1/10 of 1% of the aggregate capital contributions of the limited partners. As of December 31, 2012, the general partners had contributed capital in accordance with Section 4.1 of the partnership agreement.

The rights, duties and powers of the general and limited partners is 900 Veterans Blvd., Suite 500, Redwood City, California 94063.

Initially,of the partnership offered a minimumare governed by the limited partnership agreement and Sections 15900 et seq. of $250,000 and a maximum of $15,000,000 in units, of which $14,932,000 were sold.  This initial offering closed on October 31, 1996.  Subsequently, the partnership commenced a second offering of up to $30,000,000 in units commencing on December 4, 1996.  This offering sold $29,993,000 in units and was closed on August 30, 2000.  On August 31, 2000 the partnership commenced its third offering for another 30,000,000 units ($30,000,000).  This offering sold $29,999,000 in units and was closed on April 23, 2002.  On October 30, 2002 the partnership commenced its fourth offering for an additional 50,000,000 units ($50,000,000).  This offering sold $49,985,000 in units and was closed on October 6, 2003.  On October 7, 2003 the partnership commenced its fifth offering of 75,000,000 units ($75,000,000).  This offering sold $74,904,000 in units and was closed on August 3, 2005.  On August 4, 2005 the partnership commenced its sixth offering of 100,000,000 units ($100,000,000).  As of November 19, 2008 the sixth offering was closed with all $100,000,000 in units having been sold, bringing the aggregate sale of units to $299,813,000.  No additional offerings are contemplated at this time.  The partnership is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2032, unless sooner terminated as provided in the partnership agreement.California Corporations Code.

The general partners are solely responsible for managing the partnership business, subject to the rights of the limited partners to vote on specified matters. Any one of the general partners acting alone has the power and authority to act for and bind the partnership. A majority of the outstanding limited partnership interests may, without the consent of the general partners, vote to: (i) terminate the partnership, (ii) amend the limited partnership agreement, (iii) approve or disapprove the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership and (iv) remove or replace one or all of the general partners. The approval of the majority of limited partners is required to elect a new general partner to continue the partnership business where there is no remaining general partner after a general partner ce asesceases to be a general partner other than by removal.



 
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Profits and losses are allocated among the limited partners according to their respective capital accounts monthly after 1% of the profits and losses are allocated to and among the general partners. The allocation to the general partners (combined) may not exceed 1%. The limited partners elect, at the time of their subscription for units, to (a) receive a monthly, quarterly or annual cash distributions of their pro-rata share of profits or (b) have earningsprofits credited to their capital accounts and used to invest in partnership activities. The election to receive cash distributions is irrevocable. Subject to certain limitations, a compounding investor may subsequently change his election. Monthly results are subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of quarterly and year-end accounting and reporting. I ncomeIncome taxes – federal and state - are the obligation of the partners, if and when income taxes apply, other than for the minimum annual California franchise tax paid by the partnership. Investors should not expect the partnership to provide tax benefits of the type commonly associated with limited partnership tax shelter investments.

There are substantial restrictions on transferability of units and accordingly an investment in the partnership is non-liquid. Limited partners have no right to withdraw from the partnership or to obtain the return of their capital account for at least one year from the date of purchase of partnership units. In order to provide a certain degree of liquidity to the limited partners after the one-year period, limited partners may withdraw all or part of their capital accounts from the partnership in four quarterly installments beginning on the last day of the calendar quarter following the quarter in which the notice of withdrawal is given, subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty. The 10% penalty is applicable to the amount withdrawn as stated in the notice of withdrawal and will be deducted from the capital accou nt.account. Once a limited partner has been in the partnership for the minimum five-year period, no penalty is imposed if the withdrawal is made in twenty quarterly installments or longer. Notwithstanding the minimum withdrawal period, the general partners, at their discretion, may liquidate all or part of a limited partner’s capital account in four quarterly installments beginning on the last day of the calendar quarter following the quarter in which the notice of withdrawal is given, subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty applicable to any sums withdrawn prior to when such sums could have been withdrawn without penalty.

The partnership does not establish a reserve from which to fund withdrawals and, accordingly, the partnership’s capacity to return a limited partner’s capital account is restricted to the availability of partnership cash flow. Furthermore, no more than 20% of the total limited partners’ capital accounts outstanding at the beginning of any year may be liquidated during any calendar year.

In March 2009, in response to economic conditions then existing, as to the financial-market crisis, the dysfunction of the credit markets, the distress in the real estate markets, and the expected cash needs of the partnership, the partnership suspended capital liquidations and is not accepting new liquidation requests until further notice. In the fourth quarter of 2009 the partnership entered into a forbearance agreement with its banks and subsequently entered into an amended and restated loan agreement (dated October 2010) which included additional restrictions on liquidations and distributions of partners’ capital.  The bank loan was paid off in September 2012.

Principal Investment Objectives and General Standards for Mortgage Loans

Principal Investment Objectives

The partnership’s primary purposeobjectives are to make investments which will:

(i)  yield a high rate of return from mortgage lending and;
(ii)  preserve and protect the partners’ capital

General Standards for Mortgage Loans

The partnership is to invest its capitalengaged in the business of making loans with first and second deeds of trust on real property located in California, including:

·  single-family property includes owner-occupied and non-owner occupied single family homes (1-4 unit residential buildings), condominium units, townhouses, and condominium complexes,
·  multi-family residential property (such as apartment buildings),
·  commercial property (such as stores, shops and offices), and
·  undeveloped land.


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As of December 31, 2012, of the partnership’s outstanding loan portfolio, 76% is secured by California properties.1 to 4 unit single family residences, inclusive of condominiums, 19% by commercial properties, 4% by multifamily properties and 1% by undeveloped land. The partnership’s objectivespartnership may also make loans secured by promissory notes which are secured by deeds of trust and are assigned to make investments which will: (i) provide the maximum possible cash returns (ii) preserve and protect the partnership’s capital.  partnership.

Loans are arranged and serviced by RMC.RMC, one of the general partners. The cash flow and the income generated by the real property securing the loan factor into the credit decisions, as does the general creditworthiness, experience and reputation of the borrower. SuchFor loans secured by real property used commercially, such considerations though are subordinate to a determination that the value of the real property is sufficient, in and of itself, as a source of repayment. The amount of the partnership’sour loan combined with the outstanding debt and claims secured by a senior deed of trust on the real property generally will not exceed a specified percentage of the appraised value of the property (the loan to value ratio or LTV) as determined by an independent written appraisal at the time the loan is made. The loan-to-value ratio generally will not exceed 80% for residential properties (including apartments)multi-family), 70% for commercial properties, and 50% for land. The excess of the value of the collateral securing the loan over the total debt owing on the property, including the partnership’s loan, is the “protective equity”.

We believe our LTV policy gives more potential protective equity than competing lenders who fund loans with a higher LTV. However, we may be viewed as an “asset” lender based on our emphasis on LTV in our underwriting process. Being an “asset” lender may increase the likelihood of payment defaults by borrowers. Accordingly, the partnership may have a higher level of loan-payment delinquency and loans designated as impaired for financial reporting purposes than that of lenders, such as banks and other financial institutions subject to federal and state banking regulations, which are typically viewed as “credit” lenders.

Recently enacted federal legislation impacts the valuelending to non-commercial residential borrowers by requiring the lender to consider a borrower’s ability to meet payment obligations specified in the loan documents. The Dodd-Frank Act imposes significant new regulatory restrictions on the origination of residential mortgage loans, under sections concerning "Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending." For example, these provisions require that when a consumer loan is made, the lender must make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information concerning the consumer’s financial situation, whether the consumer has a reasonable ability to repay a residential mortgage loan before extending the loan. The Act calls for regulations prohibiting a creditor from extending credit to a consumer secured by a high-cost mortgage without first receiving certification from an independent counselor approved by a government agency. The Act also adds new provisions prohibiting balloon payments for defined high cost mortgages. The general partners are monitoring developments and, if and when applicable will adjust underwriting and lending practices accordingly. Residential lending on owner occupied properties that would be subject to the legislation and regulations generally has not been a significant portion of the collateral isloans made by the protective equity. The partnership’s lending and investment guidelines and criteria are more fully described under the section entitled “Investment Objectives and Criteria”, on pages 40-44 of the Prospectus, a part of the above-referenced Registration Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.general partners.

General Economic Conditions.

Beginning in 2007, the United States began to experience what has turned out to be the deepest, most devastating recession since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Statistics comparing this recession, commonly called the “Great Recession,” to all other economic downturns (except the Great Depression) don’t begin to come close to the deep negative statistics of these two watershed economic events.  The ongoing negative effects on employment, Gross Domestic Product, business incomes, personal incomes, personal wealth, bank failures, governmental deficits, real estate values, home ownership, consumer confidence, and credit cessation are difficult to fathom as the magnitudes of economic demise has been so great and so sudden relative to other recessions.  The overall impact and results of these changes ha s been virtually impossible to comprehend because this economic crisis, unlike others, was precipitated by a crisis in the United States’ capital markets.


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The crisis in the capital markets and resulting recession in the United States began in December 2007 and continued to deepen as 2008 progressed.  The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States, began the first quarter of 2008 with a decrease of 0.7 percent, then ticked up 1.5 percent in the second quarter before progressively declining with a 2.7 percent drop in the third quarter and a dramatic fourth quarter 2008 decrease of 5.4 percent.  The effects of the long economic slow down were not to cease in 2008 and continued to worsen in 2009.  In the first quarter of 2009, GDP tumbled further by 6.4 percent and again declined 0.7 percent in the second quarter. The third and fourth quarters of 2009 saw GDP increases of 2.2 percent and 5.6 percen t.  However, for the year 2009 GDP decreased from its 2008 level by 2.4 percent.  The late 2009 increases, while meaningful, have not begun to erase the prior year and a half of continuous declines in GDP.  A long-term, consistent set of GDP gains will be necessary for the economy to start to recover and keep that recovery sustainable.

As a result of the dysfunctional capital markets the United States economy generally and the real estate markets in particular, faced a meltdown in the third quarter and fourth quarters of 2008.  Among the events that collided and contributed to the virtual seizure of the financial system were: the failure of the brokerage firm Lehman Brothers; the forced mergers of Bear Stearns and Merrill Lynch; the government takeover of both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the largest holders of residential mortgages in the United States); the forced merger of Wachovia Bank; the merger of Bank of America with Countrywide (the third largest holder of residential mortgages in the United States); and the $85 billion government bailout of American International Group, Inc. (AIG), one of the worlds largest insurers. Other Recent Developments

The fallout and impactcombination of this virtualgeneral economic conditions of low growth with continuing high unemployment following the 2008 financial seizure in late 2008 began to assert their effects in 2009.  Some of the areas that saw affect were bank failures, further credit availability reductions, further real estate value reductions, continued loan delinquencies and increased foreclosures.  During 2009, 140 banks failed and were taken over by the FDIC.  Continuing in 2010, 30 banks failed through March 15, 2010.  Credit, one of the necessary components of a functioning economic system, virtually ceased to existcrisis and the financial system became illiquid.  Real estate, already suffering from record loan delinquencies and reductions in values throughout late 2007 and 2008, is a heavy user of credit.  Asresultant Great Recession, the capitalconstrained credit markets, constricted and then almost ceased financing for real estate became ever more un available.  This magnified the weaknesses in the already difficultdistressed real estate markets, and caused further uncertainty, difficulty in completing transactions, increased loan delinquencies,the terms and helped cause further real estate value reductions.  Without available real estate credit, owners of real estate could not efficiently sell or refinance property, as underwriting standards materially continued to evolve, tighten and reduce the types of qualifying properties borrower standard that are deemed acceptable risks. In many cases, all cash transactions were necessary to complete a purchase.

In response to these events and to help bolster the financial and capital markets, the United States government, through the Federal Reserve and Treasury, adopted many measures.  These measures include among others, two financial stimulus packages, enactmentconditions of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to provide capital to financial institutions, reduction of the Federal Funds Rate to a range of 0.00 percent to 0.25 percentamended and enactment of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.  While these efforts have provided much needed assistance in keeping the capital markets and financial system from a complete collapse, they have not fully stabilized or fully returned the overall capital markets and financial systems to health. The primary sources of lending capital remaining to real estate borrowers have been reduced to loans tha t may be sold to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA and a few large well-capitalized portfolio lenders.  This curtailment of lending to real estate in generalrestated loan agreement with our banks has resulted in a real estate credit crisis that is leaving borrowerssignificant changes to the lending and purchasers without available sourcesbusiness operations of credit.  In addition to less availability of money for real estate lending, the remaining lenders have both increased their underwriting standardspartnership, as well as eliminatedto its balance sheet, results of operations and cash flows.

Since the partnership has been limited in its capacity to originate loans by economic conditions, market constraints and the terms and conditions of the amended and restated loan agreement, the partnership’s net interest income (interest income less interest expense) declined from $30,500,000 in 2008 to $(1,573,000) in 2012.

As to the balance sheet of the partnership subsequent to the financial crisis and during the Great Recession, the asset mix has migrated from predominantly performing loans to Real Estate Owned (REO) and impaired loans. Total assets, the sum of all assets owned by the partnership, decreased from $424,873,000 at December 31, 2008, to $247,775,000 at December 31, 2012 (a decline of $177,098,000 or 42%). Net loans, the total of loan principal, advances, accrued interest, and unsecured loans, less the allowance for losses, declined over the same dates from $386,589,000 to $46,380,000, respectively (a decline of $340,209,000 or 88%) resulting from a wide varietydecrease in loan balances (principal declined from $363,037,000 at December 31, 2008, to $60,870,000 at December 31, 2012) and an increase in the allowance for loan losses (from $11,420,000 at December 31, 2008, to $19,815,000 at December 31, 2012). This reduction in loan balances reflected the decline during 2009 to 2011 in the fair value of lending programs which has significantly reduced the number of potential borrowers for both residential and commercial properties that may qualify for loans.  Increased lending standards have led to reduced potential viable purchasers of real estate in some cases only all cash buyerscollateral securing impaired loans, the repayment of loans, and the migration of loans to REO. REO increased from $25,693,000 at vulture prices.  InDecember 31, 2008, to $181,333,000 at December 31, 2012, as a consequence of the loan collection efforts undertaken by the general this contributes to a reduced demand for real estate and a real estate market that lacks solid markers to value due to distressed sales which may dominate markets or skew market indicators of value.partners.


 
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The economic downturn continuesCash received from loan payments, loan payoffs, the sale of real estate owned and third-party mortgages obtained on stabilized properties that we own and are included in REO was predominantly used to impactpay down the United Statesamount outstanding on the bank loan, to make the periodic interest and California’s unemployment figures.  Unemployment forprincipal payments on the nation had risenloan, to 6.9 percent byprotect the end of 2008, and continued to rise during 2009.  Average national unemployment rose to 8.2 percent during the first quarter of 2009, then to 9.3 percentsecurity interest in the second quarter, 9.7 percent incollateral securing the third quarter,loans from senior debt and claims, to maintain and develop REO, to meet the operating expenses of the partnership, and to 10.0 percent as of December 2009. By the end of 2009, national unemployment was at the highest level in over 25 years. California’s unemployment mirrored the nation with unemployment rising significantly throughout 2008fund periodic payments to limited partners that elected monthly, quarterly and 2009.  California’s unemployment rate began 2009 at 9.2 percent and ended the year at 12.3 percent.  The California unemployment rate is the highest it has been since the Bureau of Labor Statistics started ke eping records in 1976; in many areas within the state, unemployment rates are at their highest levels since the Great Depression.  These figures do not include the underemployed, where a worker is either employed below their skill level, forced to work part time, or unproductive due to overstaffing.  According to some estimates, up to 20 percent of the nation’s labor force may be underemployed, meaning they are contributing less to the nation’s productivity and spending less because of reduced income and uncertainty about their employment situation.  Overall, the rapid rise in unemployment has caused significant concerns among workers regarding their job security and lowered their confidence in their own financial circumstances.  In situations where workers have lost jobs they may not be able to meet their financial obligations.annual distributions.

In reaction toSeptember 2012, the economic distress and uncertainty,partnership paid all remaining amounts owing under the consumer has become pessimistic.Bank Loan. The Consumer Confidence Index is a measure of consumers’ optimism about the state of the economy.  Generally consumer confidence is high when the unemployment rate is low and GDP growth is high; consumers are also more likely to spend when confidence is high.  The Index is benchmarkedBank Loan balance was $16,789,000, at 100, meaning at that level the consumer is neither optimistic nor pessimistic.  At the start of 2008, consumer confidence index was at 87.3. By December 2008, the index dropped to 38.6 before hitting a record low in February 2009 at 25.3.  Confidence has since rebounded slightly and has ranged from the mid to upper 40s to mid 50s from May 2009 through February 2010.31, 2011.

In line with the general worsening of the United States’ economy in 2008 and early 2009 and the decline in consumer confidence, the housing market experienced high volumes of delinquencies and foreclosures.  According to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s National Delinquency Survey, the delinquency rate for mortgage loans on residential properties fell to 9.47 percent as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2009, down slightly from the third quarter, but still up 1.59 percent from the fourth quarter of 2008.  The delinquency rate includes loans that are past due but not in foreclosure.  The percentage of loans in foreclosure at the end of the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4.58 percent, an increase of 0.11 percent from the third quarter and 1.28 percent increase from the fourth quarter of 2008.  The combined percentage of loans in foreclosure or past due at the end of the fourth quarter of 2009 was 15.02 percent, the highest ever recorded in the MBA delinquency survey.  In California, delinquencies and foreclosures are higher than the national figures.  In the first quarter of 2009, the number of foreclosures filed peaked at 135,431 – the highest number ever recorded.  In the second quarter, foreclosure filings dropped to 124,562, then to 111,689 in the third quarter and down to 84,568 in the fourth quarter of 2009.  Overall, foreclosure filings were up 12.4% from the fourth quarter of 2008 to the fourth quarter of 2009.  The number of Trustees Deeds recorded in the state of California, or the number of house or condo units taken over by the lender, totaled 51,060 during the fourth quarter.  That was up 2.1 percent from 50,013 from the third quarter, and up 10.6 percent from 46,183 for the fourth quarter of 2008.  The all-time peak was 79,511 in the third quarter of 2008 .
Secured Loan Portfolio

Mortgage interest rates are a key factor in the affordability of real estate.  The higher the interest rate, the less affordable real estate becomes.  Mortgage interest rates are significantly influenced by the United States 10-year treasury rate.  The 10-year rate began 2008 at an average rate of 3.74 percent, rose to a high of 4.10 percent in June, and then fell to 2.42 percent in December 2008.  In 2009, the 10-year rate rose from 2.84 in January to 3.84 in December.  Mortgage interest rates on 30 year fixed rate conforming loans followed suit as measured by Freddie Mac.  In January 2008, the average rate was 5.76 percent.  It rose to a high of 6.48 percent in August 2008 and dropped through the remainder of 2008 to 5.29 percent in December.  In January 2009, the average rate for a 30 year fix ed rate mortgage was 5.05 percent.  That rate dropped early in the second quarter before peaking at 5.42 percent in June, and then dropped again through the remainder of 2009 to 4.93 percent in December.  As of February 2010, rates were back up to 4.99 percent.  While low by historic standards, the rates are not sufficiently low to entice concerned consumers to take on mortgage debt.


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In addition to mortgage rates, home prices also factor into affordability.  Median home prices have declined from their highs in 2006.  The median national sales price of existing homes as reported by the National Association of Realtors was $221,900 for 2006 and then declined to $219,000 in 2007, to $198,100 in 2008, and then to $172,500 in 2009.  In California, the median home price was $264,000 in December 2009, up 6.0 percent from $249,000 in December 2008.  The median price peaked at $484,000 in early 2007 and hit a low of $221,000 in April 2009.  In December 2009, the median home price in the nine-county San Francisco Bay area reached $380,000, a 15.2 percent increase from December 2008.  The median price peaked in the Bay Area peaked in June and July of 2007 at $665,000 and reached bottom at $290,00 0 in March 2009.  During the same time period, sales volumes of existing homes fell from an annual rate of 6,287,800 homes in 2006 to 5,652,000 in 2007, and then to 4,913,000 in 2008.  In 2009, after a slow start to the year, existing home sales increased to an annual rate of 5,156,000, due to robust sales volumes in the third and fourth quarter.  Sales volumes peaked for the year in November at an annual rate of 6,490,000.  Volumes retracted in December to 5,440,000 and further as of February 2010, when the annual rate was 5,020,000.  According to DataQuick, 41,837 homes were sold in California in December 2009, a 10.6 percent increase from the 37,836 sales in December 2008.  Sales in California peaked in 2004 at 65,793.  On average, there are about 44,708 sales per month in California.  There is some speculation that volumes could continue to decline after the First-Time Homebuyer Tax Credit expires on April 30, 2010.

As a result of the dysfunction in the capital markets and the deepening recession in the United States, the Federal Reserve instituted a number of lending programs to provide well-secured, mostly short-term creditSee Note 4 (Loans) to the financial system.  As financial conditionsstatements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed presentation on the United States started to show signs of improvement in late 2009 and early 2010, the Federal Reserve began phasing out these lending programs.  The last of the major programs still in operationsecured loan portfolio, which presentation is the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF), which has supported the market for asset-backed securities. The TALF is scheduled to close on March 31, 2010, for all loans except those backedincorporated by newly issued commercial mortgage-backed securities; on June 30 the TALF will close for all loans.  The Fed’s lending programs may have helped hold down inter est rates; it is too early to tell if rates will rise in the absence of Fed intervention.this reference into this Item 1.

Commercial real estate, although slower to react than residential real estate, has seen an enormous adjustment from the record sales volumes in 2007.  In the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as across the United States, sales volumes are down, values are down, rents are down, and vacancies are up.  Commercial real estate sales in the Bay Area plummeted from a high of almost $30 billion in 2007 to under $3 million in 2009.  Colliers reports that, in San Francisco, direct rents (not including subleases, which are often priced considerably lower) on Class A and Class B office dropped from $50.41 and $39.80 per square foot per year, respectively, at the end of 2007, to $41.20 and $35.60 by the end of 2008, and then down to $32.63 and $26.20 per square foot per year by the end of 2009.  Office rents in the Silicon Valley remained fairly resilient through most of 2008, but tumbled 10.3 percent to $2.26 per square foot per month during 2009.  Colliers expects that another 15% drop is likely before office rents stabilize, meaning rates could drop below $2.00 per square foot per month in the Silicon Valley for the first time since the first quarter of 2006.  With respect to vacancy, Grubb & Ellis’s Office Trends Report declared that by the fourth quarter of 2009, vacancy rates in the office sector had reached 28 percent in the core business districts of the Silicon Valley and 19 percent in San Francisco.  That compares with a vacancy rate of only 9.73 percent in Silicon Valley and 10.2 percent in San Francisco in the first quarter of 2008.  Both regions are expected to see further increases in vacancy rates during 2010.  All in all, the San Francisco Bay Area hasn’t seen this steep of a decline in the commercial real estate sector since the dot-com bust hit the area and in some cases sinc e the recession in the early 1990s.

There is also growing concern over the number of commercial mortgages with balloon payments coming due in the near future.  Colliers estimates that, in the United States, $1.4 trillion in pending debt on commercial real estate will mature by 2013.  If lenders are unable or unwilling to extend or renew financing to these borrowers, they will be forced to default, resulting in increased downward pressure on the commercial real estate market.  Foreclosing lenders must decide whether to retain properties or sell in the distressed market as it exists, devoid of financing and lacking in competitive buyers. 

In light of the current economic conditions, the partnership has been increasing its allowance for loan losses, protecting loan interests in its collateral, and taking back collateral.  In some instances, the partnership anticipates realizing losses should it choose to immediately sell properties it acquires.  The partnership believes it may be beneficial, in some cases, to hold property as an investment if the property has the potential to generate rental income or the value of the property can be enhanced through improvements or improved management.  The current difficult economic conditions are not conducive to real estate sales and values, and make holding property taken in foreclosure attractive until more normal sales conditions result.  This tactic will cause the partnership to hold properties as investments.


8


Competition

The mortgage lending business is highly competitive, and the partnership will compete with numerous established entities, some of which have more financial resources and experience in the mortgage lending business. Major competitors in providing mortgage loans include banks, savings and loan associations, thrifts, conduit lenders, mortgage bankers, mortgage brokers, and other entities both larger and smaller than the partnership.  Increased competition

During the last several years many competitors, due to declines in real estate values, increases in loan delinquencies, foreclosures and/or liquidity issues have reduced or eliminated their real estate lending activity. Additionally, the declines in real estate values coupled with reduced overall sales and refinancing activity reduced the overall demand for mortgageloans. With the substantial real estate valuation declines that have taken place over the last several years far fewer borrowers have the ability to provide adequate security to back their loan requests. Competition from other lenders has declined with fewer active lenders in the market although less qualified loan demand exists. The partnership has not been able to capitalize on the reduction in lenders as it has experienced less available cash to invest in new loans could leaddue to reduced yieldsloan payoffs, increased acquisition of real estate owned, and fewer investment opportunities.

Secured Loan Portfolio.

The partnership generally funds loans with a fixed interest raterequests for liquidation by its limited partners and a five-year term.  As of December 31, 2009, approximately 88% ofrestriction on new loans under our bank loan described in Note 8 to the partnership’s loans (representing 91% of the aggregate principal balance of the partnership’s loan portfolio) have a five year term or less from loan inception.  The remaining loans have terms longer than five years.  As of December 31, 2009, approximately 35% of the loans outstanding (representing 60% of the aggregate principal balance of the partnership’s loan portfolio) provide for monthly payments of interest only, with the principal dueNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in full at maturity.  The remaining loans require monthly payments of principal and interest, typically calculated on a 30 year amortization, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity.

The cash flow and the income generated by the real property securing the loan factor into the credit decisions, as does  the general creditworthiness, experience and reputation of the borrower. Such considerations typically are subordinate to a determination that the value of the real property is sufficient, in and of itself, as a source of repayment.  The amount of the partnership’s loan combined with the outstanding debt and claims secured by a senior deed of trust on the property generally will not exceed a specified percentage of the appraised value of the property (the loan to value ratio or LTV) as determined by an independent written appraisal at the time the loan is made.  The loan-to-value ratio generally will not exceed 80% for residential properties (including apartments), 70% for commercial pr operties, and 50% for land.   The excess of the total debt, including the partnership’s loan, and the value of the collateral is the protective equity.

As primarily an “asset” lender, the partnership’s reduced emphasis on the creditworthiness of a borrower may increase the risk of defaults on loans made by the partnership.  Accordingly,this report. In addition the partnership may have a level of delinquency within its portfolio that is generally higher than that of traditional lending and banking institutions which are typically “credit” lenders.

The following table summarizes the secured loan portfolio unpaid principal balance activity for the years ended December, 31 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Beginning unpaid principal balance $363,037  $305,568 
New loans added  11,301   99,839 
Borrower repayments  (24,244)  (36,131)
Sale of loan     (4,072)
Foreclosures  (75,776)  (2,068)
Other  (5,873)  (99)
Ending unpaid principal balance $268,445  $363,037 

The partnership’s loans are at fixed rates of interest that ranged from 5.00% to 11.00% at December 31, 2009 and 5.00% to 12.50% at December 31, 2008.


9


Secured loans had the characteristics presented in the tables following at December 31($ in thousands).

   2009   2008 
         
Number of secured loans  110   143 
Secured loans – unpaid principal balance (or Principal) $268,445  $363,037 
         
Average secured loan $2,440  $2,539 
Average secured loan as percent of total secured loans  .91%  0.70%
Average secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  .78%  0.76%
         
Largest secured loan $37,923  $38,976 
Largest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  14.13%  10.74%
Largest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  12.18%  11.65%
Largest secured loan as percent of total assets  9.45%  9.17%
         
Smallest secured loan $67  $23 
Smallest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  0.03%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  0.02%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of total assets  0.02%  0.01%
         
Number of counties where security is located (all California)  28   33 
Largest percentage of secured loans in one county  30.05%  23.01%
         
Number of secured loans in foreclosure status  9   5 
Secured loans in foreclosure – unpaid principal balance $22,313  $6,165 
         
Number of secured loans with an interest reserve  1   7 
Interest reserves $244  $1,591 


As of December 31, 2009, the partnership’s largest loan, in the unpaid principal balance of $37,923,041 (representing 14.13% of outstanding secured loans and 9.45% of partnership assets) was secured by a condominium complex located in Sacramento County, California.  The loan bears interest at a rate of 9.25% and matures in January, 2010.

Larger loans sometimes increase above 10% of the secured loan portfolio or partnership assets as these amounts decrease due to limited partner withdrawals and loan payoffs and due to restructuring of existing loans.

 2009 2008 
Lien positionLoans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
First trust deeds59 $126,702 47%75 $190,765 53%
Second trust deeds48  141,131 53 64  171,096 47 
Third trust deeds3  612 0 4  1,176 0 
Total secured loans110  268,445 100%143  363,037 100%
Liens due other lenders at loan closing   291,912      343,399   
               
Total debt  $560,357     $706,436   
               
Appraised property value at loan closing  $805,457     $1,044,411   
               
Percent of total debt to appraised              
values (LTV) at loan closing (1)
   69.57%     67.64%  
               


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(1)Based on appraised values and liens due other lenders at loan closing.  The loan to value computation does not take into account subsequent increases or decreases in security property values following the loan closing nor does it include decreases or increases of the amount owing on senior liens to other lenders by payments or interest accruals, if any. Property values likely have changed, particularly over the last two years, and the portfolio’s current loan to value ratio likely is higher than this historical ratio.


 2009 2008 
Property typeLoans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
Single family82 $185,663 69%106 $266,113 73%
Apartments7  11,411 4 8  10,727 3 
Commercial20  70,538 26 25  83,692 23 
Land1  833 1 4  2,505 1 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%143 $363,037 100%

Single family properties include owner-occupied and non-owner occupied single family homes, condominium units and condominium complexes.  From time to time, loan originations in one sector or property type become more active due to prevailing market conditions.  The current concentration of the partnership’s loan portfolio in condominium properties may pose additional or increased risks.  Recovery of the condominium sector of the real estate market is generally expected to lag behind that of single-family residences.  In addition, availability of financing for condominium properties has not been and will likely continue to be, constricted and more difficult to obtain than other properties types.  As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, $157,594,000 and $214,838,000, respectively, of the pa rtnership’s loans were secured by condominium properties

Condominiums may create unique risks for the partnership that are not present for loans made on other types of properties. In the case of condominiums, a board of managers generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium building, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the building, and the maintenance of that building, which may have an impact on the partnership loans that are secured by such condominium property.

Further, due to the nature of condominiums and a borrower's ownership interest therein, the partnership may have less flexibility in realizing on the collateral upon a default on the part of the borrower.  Among other things, the partnership must consider the governing documents of the homeowners association and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units, which may require an owner to obtain a public report prior to the sale of the units.

 2009 
MaturitiesLoans Principal Percent 
201024 $103,004 38%
201120  38,566 14 
201220  60,916 23 
201323  13,856 5 
20146  1,086 1 
Thereafter7  4,984 2 
Total future maturities100  222,412 83 
Matured at December 31, 200910  46,033 17 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%

It is the partnership’s experience that loans may be repaid or refinanced before, at or after the contractual maturity date.  On matured loans the partnership may continue to accept payments while pursuing collection of amounts owed from borrowers. Therefore, the above tabulation for scheduled maturities is not a forecast of future cash receipts.


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At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership had the following loans more than 90 days delinquent in interest payments and/or on nonaccrual status:

  2009  2008 
Secure loans more than 90 days delinquent        
Number of loans (1)
  25   21 
Unpaid principal balance $136,168  $83,576 
Advances  15,768   11,427 
Accrued interest  9,871   8,656 
         
Secured loans in non-accrual status        
Number of loans (1)
  26   12 
Unpaid principal balance $104,653  $39,683 
Foregone interest $3,078  $ 

(1)Secured loans more than 90 days delinquent include 24 and 7 loans in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as on non-accrual status.

At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership had the following loans past maturity:

  2009  2008 
Secured loans past maturity        
Number of loans (2)
  10   9 
Unpaid principal balance $46,033  $54,107 
Percent of loans  17.15%   14.90% 
Advances  2,930   11,309 
Accrued interest  2,809   6,672 

(2)Secured loans more than 90 days delinquent include eight and nine loans in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as past maturity.

Loans designated as impaired and the allowance for loan losses are presented and discussed under Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


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The following is a distribution of secured loans outstanding as of December 31, 2009 by California counties ($ in thousands).

  Total    
California County Secured Loans  Percent 
       
San Francisco Bay Area Counties      
San Francisco $80,664   30.05%
Contra Costa  48,517   18.07 
Alameda  38,802   14.45 
Santa Clara  7,917   2.95 
San Mateo  2,356   0.88 
Napa  4,478   1.67 
Solano  2,063   0.77 
Marin  935   0.35 
   185,732   69.19%
Other Northern California Counties        
Sacramento  41,983   15.64%
San Joaquin  4,817   1.79 
Fresno  4,057   1.51 
Amador  2,827   1.05 
Placer  1,310   0.49 
El Dorado  67   0.03 
Sutter  857   0.32 
Monterey  687   0.26 
All others  595   0.22 
   57,200   21.31%
Southern California Counties        
Los Angeles        
San Diego  16,782   6.25%
Riverside  2,568   0.96 
Santa Barbara  3,750   1.40 
Orange  274   0.10 
Ventura  694   0.25 
Kern  828   0.31 
San Bernardino  400   0.15 
   217   0.08 
   25,513   9.50%
Total $268,445   100.00%
raising funds through new investments.

Regulations

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations that affect our business. Following is a brief description of certain laws and regulations which are applicable to our business. The description of these laws and regulations, as well as descriptions of laws and regulations contained elsewhere in this Form 10-K, do not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations.

Regulations Applicable to Mortgage Lenders and Servicers.

WeThe partnership and Redwood Mortgage Corp., which originatesarranges and generally services our loans, are heavily regulated by laws governing lending practices at the federal, state and local levels. In addition, proposals for further regulation of the financial services industry are continuallyregularly being introduced.


 
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These laws and regulations to which wethe partnership and Redwood Mortgage Corp. are subject include those pertaining to:

·  real estate settlement procedures;
·  fair lending;
·  truth in lending;
·  compliance with federal and state disclosure requirements;
·  the establishment of maximum interest rates, finance charges and other charges;
·  loan servicing procedures
·  secured transactions and foreclosure proceedings; and
·  privacy regulations providing for the use and safeguarding of non-public personal financial information of borrowers.

Some of the key federal and state laws affecting our business include:

·  
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA).  RESPA primarily regulates settlement procedures for real estate purchase and refinance transactions on residential (1-4 unit) properties. It prohibits lenders from requiringgoverns lenders’ ability to require the use of specified third party providers for various settlement services, such as appraisal or escrow services. RESPA also governs the format of the good faith estimate of loan transaction charges and the HUD-1 escrow settlement statement.

·  
Truth in Lending Act.  This federal act was enacted in 1968 for the purpose of regulating consumer financing and is implemented by the Federal Reserve Board.Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). For real estate lenders, this act requires, among other things, advance disclosure of certain loan terms, calculation of the costs of the loan as demonstrated through an annual percentage rate (APR), and provides for the right of a consumer in a refinance transaction on their primary residence to rescind their loan within three days following signing.

·  
Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA) and California Bill 489.4970.  HOEPA was passed in 1994 to provide additional disclosures for certain closed-end home mortgages.  In 1995, the Federal Reserve Board issued final regulations governing “high cost” closed-end home mortgages with interest rates and fees in excess of certain percentage or amount thresholds. These regulations primarily focus on additional disclosure with respect to the terms of the loan to the borrower, the timing of such disclosures, and the prohibition of certain loan terms, including balloon payments and negative amortization.  The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has recently issued additional rules which will a) lower the interest rate and fees thresholds, causing more loans to be ‘covered’ under the regulation, b) expand the prohibitions against certain loan terms, including prepayment penalties, and c) require that all borrowers of HOEPA loans first obtain home ownership counseling by a HUD-approved counselor. These changes will become effective in January, 2014.The failure to comply with the regulations will render the loan rescindable for up to three years. Lenders can also be held l iableliable for attorneys’ fees, finance charges and fees paid by the borrower and certain other money damages. Similarly in California, Assembly Bill 489, which was signed into law in 2001 and became effective as of July 1, 2002 as Business and Practices (B&P) Code 4970, provides for state regulation of “high cost” residential mortgage and consumer loans secured by liens on real property, which are equal to or exceedless than the Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac conforming loan limits, or less, with interest rates and fees exceeding a certain percentage or amount threshold.  The law prohibits certain lending practices with respect to high cost loans, including the making of a loan without regard to the borrower’s income or obligations.ability to repay the debt. When making such loans, lenders must provide borrowers with a consumer disclosure, and provide for an additional rescission period prior to closing the loan.

·  
Mortgage Disclosure Improvement Act.Act.  Enacted in 2008, this act amended the Truth in Lending Act regulating the timing and delivery of loan disclosures for all mortgage loan transactions governed under RESPA.

·  
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. This act was enacted to provide for public access to statistical information on a lenders’ loan activity. It requires lenders to disclose certain information about the mortgage loans it originates and purchases, such as the race and gender of its customers, the disposition of mortgage applications, income levels and interest rate (i.e. annual percentage rate) information.


8



·  
Red Flags Rule.Rule.  The Red Flags Rule, which becomesbecame effective on August 1, 2009, requires lenders and creditors to implement an identity theft prevention program to identify and respond to loan applications in which the misuse of a consumer’s personal identification may be suspected.

·  
Graham-Leach-Bliley Act.  This act requires all businesses which have access to consumers’ personal identification information to implement a plan providing for security measures to protect that information. As part of this program, we provide applicants and borrowers with a copy of our privacy policy.

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·  
Dodd-Frank Act. The act enhanced regulatory requirements on banking entities and other organizations considered significant to U.S. financial markets. The act also provides for reform of the asset-backed securitization market. We do not expect these particular regulatory changes will have a material direct effect on our business or operations. The act imposes significant new regulatory restrictions on the origination and servicing of residential mortgage loans, under sections concerning "Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending." For example, these provisions require when a consumer loan is made, the lender must make a reasonable and good faith determination, based on verified and documented information concerning the consumer’s financial situation, whether the consumer has a reasonable ability to repay a residential mortgage loan before extending the loan. The act calls for regulations prohibiting a creditor from extending credit to a consumer secured by a high-cost mortgage without first receiving certification from an independent counselor approved by a government agency. The act also adds new provisions prohibiting balloon payments for defined high cost mortgages. The Act also established the CFPB, giving it regulatory authority over most federal consumer lending laws, including those relating to residential mortgage lending.

·  
Homeowner’s Bill of Rights. Effective January 1, 2013, the state of California mandated specific loan servicing rules on all servicers of consumer loans secured by single family 1-4 owner occupied residential first mortgages. There are two categories of servicers defined in the law, small servicers which conducted 175 or fewer foreclosures in the preceding calendar year, and large servicers whose foreclosure volume exceeds the threshold. Among the requirements of the law are, establishment of a single point of contact for borrowers to resolve loan servicing issues and to request loan modifications, pre-foreclosure notice and disclosure requirements, a prohibition against ‘dual tracking’ in which the servicer proceeds with a foreclosure while simultaneously considering a loan modification, and a requirement that foreclosure notices be reviewed, complete and accurate (no ‘robo-signing’). This law provides for a private right of action by borrowers against their lenders, which could result in lengthy and costly delays in processing home loan foreclosures in the state.

·  
Federal Loan Servicing Regulations. The CFPB has recently released final rules for servicing consumer loans on single family 1-4 residential properties. These rules will become effective in January, 2014. Among the key restrictions are a) timing form and content of periodic billing statements and adjustable rate mortgage notices, b) notice and timing requirements for forced-place insurance, c) single point of contact requirements, and d) loss mitigation requirements. Small servicers, defined as those servicing 5,000 or fewer mortgages, are exempt from much of the regulation.

Recent or Pending Legislation and Regulatory Proposals.

The recent credit crisis has led to an increased focus by federal, state and local legislators and regulatory authorities on entities engaged in the financial-services industry generally, principally banks, and on the mortgage industry.  Federal and state regulators are considering aindustry specifically, principally with respect to residential lending to borrowers who intend to occupy the residence. A broad variety of legislative and regulatory proposals coveringare continually being considered and such proposals cover mortgage loan products, loan terms and underwriting standards, risk management practices, foreclosure procedures and consumer protection, any or all of which could have a broader impact acrosssignificantly affect the mortgage industry.  In addition, the U.S. economy is currently experiencing a prolonged and severe recession, which has and will likely continue to cause increased delinquencies, continued home price depreciation and lower home sales.  In response to these trends, the U.S. government has taken several actions which are intended to stabilize the housing market and the banking system, maintain lower interest ra tes, and increase liquidity for lending institutions. These actions are intended to make it easierpossible for qualified borrowers to obtain mortgage financing or to purchase homes, refinance existing loans, avoid foreclosure on their current homes.homes, and to curb perceived lending abuses. It is too early to tell whether these legislative and regulatory initiatives, actions and proposals will achieve their intended effect or what impacthow they will have onaffect our business and the mortgage industry generally.

Following is a brief description of several key initiatives, actions and proposals that may impact the mortgage industry:

·  
Guidance on Nontraditional Mortgage Product Risks.   On September 29, 2006, the federal banking agencies issued guidance to address the risks posed by nontraditional residential mortgage products, that is, mortgage products that allow borrowers to defer repayment of principal or interest. The guidance instructs institutions to ensure that loan terms and underwriting standards are consistent with prudent lending practices, including consideration of a borrower’s ability to repay the debt by final maturity at the fully indexed rate and assuming a fully amortizing repayment schedule; requires institutions to recognize, for higher risk loans, the necessity of verifying the borrower’s income, assets and liabilities; requires institutions to address the ri sks associated with simultaneous second-lien loans, introductory interest rates, lending to subprime borrowers, non-owner-occupied investor loans, and reduced documentation loans; requires institutions to recognize that nontraditional mortgages, particularly those with risk-layering features, are untested in a stressed environment; requires institutions to recognize that nontraditional mortgage products warrant strong controls and risk management standards, capital levels commensurate with that risk, and allowances for loan and lease losses that reflect the collectibility of the portfolio; and ensure that consumers have sufficient information to clearly understand loan terms and associated risks prior to making product and payment choices. The guidance recommends practices for addressing the risks raised by nontraditional mortgages, including enhanced communications with consumers; promotional materials and other product descriptions that provide information about the costs, terms, features and risks of nont raditional mortgages; more informative monthly statements for payment option adjustable rate mortgages; and specified practices to avoid.  In January 2008, in response to this federal guidance on non-traditional mortgage loans, California enacted SB 385 which requires lenders offering non-traditional mortgages on primary residential properties to provide additional disclosure information pertaining to the terms of the loan offered, as well as a comparison to other loan products that may be available in the marketplace.  The California Department of Real Estate defines ‘non-traditional’ mortgages as those in which there is a deferral of either principal or interest in the loan.  We do not make non-traditional loans on primary residential properties.

·  
Guidance on Loss Mitigation Strategies for Servicers of Residential Mortgages.  On September 5, 2007, the federal banking agencies issued a statement encouraging regulated institutions and state-supervised entities that service residential mortgages to pursue strategies to mitigate losses while preserving homeownership to the extent possible and appropriate.  The guidance encourages servicers to take proactive steps to preserve homeownership in situations where there are heightened risks to homeowners losing their homes to foreclosures.  Such steps may include loan modification; deferral of payments; extensions of loan maturities; conversion of adjustable rate mortgages into fixed rate or fully in dexed, fully amortizing adjustable rate mortgages; capitalization of delinquent amounts; or any combination of these actions.  Servicers are instructed to consider the borrower’s ability to repay the modified obligation to final maturity according to its terms, taking into account the borrower’s total monthly housing-related payments as a percentage of the borrower’s gross monthly income, the borrower’s other obligations, and any additional tax liabilities that may result from loan modifications. Where appropriate, servicers are encouraged to refer borrowers to qualified non-profit and other homeownership counseling services and/or to government programs that are able to work with all parties and avoid unnecessary foreclosures. The guidance states that servicers are expected to treat consumers fairly and to adhere to all applicable legal requirements.

 
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·  
Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008:  Enacted in July 2008, this legislation, among other things, established new Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHA conforming loan limits and established a new Federal Housing Finance Agency.  It also established the new “HOPE for Homeowners Program” to refinance existing borrowers meeting eligibility requirements into fixed-rate FHA mortgage products.  This act also provided for a comprehensive, nationwide licensing and registry system for mortgage originators.  The federal direction to states to adopt national loan originator licensing standards will be implemented in California through the California Department of Real Estate (DRE).  Much of what has been adopted at the federa l level has already been in effect in California under the DRE’s regulatory authority for a number of years.  It is anticipated that new standards relating to continuing education requirements, among other things, will be incorporated into DRE regulations, once implemented.

·  
New Regulations Establishing Protections for Consumers in the Residential Mortgage Market. In 2008, the Federal Reserve Board issued new regulations under the federal Truth-in-Lending Act and the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA). For mortgage loans governed by HOEPA, the new regulations further restrict prepayment penalties, and enhance the standards relating to the consumer’s ability to repay.  For a new category of closed-end “higher-priced” mortgage loans, the new regulations restrict prepayment penalties, and require escrows for property taxes and property-related insurance for most first lien mortgage loans.  For all closed-end loans secured by a principal dwelling, the new regulations prohibit the coercion of appraise rs; require the prompt crediting of payments; prohibit the pyramiding of late fees; require prompt responses to requests for pay-off figures; and require the delivery of transaction-specific Truth-in-Lending Act disclosures within three business days following the receipt of an application.  The new regulations also impose new restrictions on mortgage loan advertising for both open-end and closed-end products. In general, the new regulations are effective October 1, 2009, with certain exceptions.

·  
Proposed Amendments to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code:Code.  Since 2008, proposed legislation has been introduced before the U.S. Congress for the purpose of amending Chapter 13 in order to permit bankruptcy judges to modify certain terms in certain mortgages in bankruptcy proceedings, a practice commonly known as cramdown. Presently, Chapter 13 does not permit bankruptcy judges to modify mortgages of bankrupt borrowers. While the breadth and scope of the terms of the proposed amendments to Chapter 13 differ greatly, some commentators have suggested that such legislation could have the effect of increasing mortgage borrowing costs and thereby reducing the demand for mortgages throughout the industry. It is too early to tell when or if any of the proposed a mendmentsamendments to Chapter 13 may be enacted as proposed and what impacteffect any such enacted amendments to Chapter 13 couldwould have on the mortgage industry. Some local and state governmental authorities have taken, and others are contemplating taking, regulatory action to require increased loss mitigation outreach for borrowers, including the imposition of waiting periods prior to the filing of notices of default and the completion of foreclosure sales and, in some cases, moratoriums on foreclosures altogether.

Some local and state governmental authorities have taken, and others are contemplating taking, regulatory action to require increased loss mitigation outreach for borrowers,
·  
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s QM Rule and Proposed QRM Rule.  Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB is charged with writing rules to implement two new underwriting standards, Qualified Mortgages (QM) and Qualified Residential Mortgages (QRM). Although these two regulations affect different areas of consumer finance, they have similar definitions under Dodd-Frank, and their implementation will most likely have a similar effect within the mortgage lending industry. Under Dodd-Frank, securitizers will be required to retain a 5% interest in any securities they issue, unless 100% of the securities in the offering meet the Qualified Residential Mortgage standard. The Qualified Mortgage will provide a safe harbor to lenders in meeting the “ability to pay” requirements in Dodd-Frank. If a residential loan is underwritten under the new QM guidelines, it will be presumed to be in compliance. To limit their liability, most institutional lenders will only be interested in writing loans that fall within the QM and QRM standards. If the rules are written with very narrow standards, it could have the possible effect of constricting the availability of credit to real property. It is anticipated that the QRM rule will be issued in the fall of 2013. The QM rule has been issued by the CFPB, and will become effective in January, 2014.

General Economic Conditions

The San Francisco Bay Area, including the impositionSouth Bay/Silicon Valley, and the Los Angeles metropolitan area are our most significant locations of waiting periodslending activity and the economic vitality of these regions – as well as the performance of the national economy and the financial markets – is of primary importance in determining the availability of new lending opportunities and the performance of previously made loans and operating properties owned.

Employment has improved, but progress has been slow. At the current pace, a full recovery likely will take several more years.

In its March 18, 2013 report, the Wells Fargo Economics Group observed “improvement is still clearly evident from California’s latest employment figures, even though the state’s unemployment rate remained stubbornly high at 9.8 percent. … California’s unemployment rate has fallen 1.2 percentage points over the past year, as civilian employment increased 2.0 percent and the civilian labor force rose just 0.9 percent.”

In the lending areas in which we have the greatest concentration of our loans, San Francisco County’s unemployment rate was 6.9 percent in September 2012 (7.8 percent in June 2012) and the Los Angeles/Long Beach/Glendale metropolitan area was 10.2 percent in September 2012 (11.1 percent in June 2012). The technology sector, which is a significant driver in the San Francisco Bay Area economy and in employment, shows no signs of slowing.  To date, real estate values continue to reflect upward pressure from the increase in employment in the region.

Commentators have confirmed this trend in recognizing the housing market finally might have turned the long-awaited corner in 2012.  As the Wells Fargo Economics Group Housing Chartbook: January 2013 states “The housing recovery finally asserted itself in 2012, with nearly every key metric posting measurable improvement from prior years.  Sales and prices both rebounded solidly this past year, and new home construction steadily gained momentum over the course of the year.  Progress has been made in dealing with the imbalances left over from the housing boom.  The share of delinquent loans has decreased, as has the distressed share of existing home sales and the proportion of mortgages in a negative equity position.  However, important questions remain as to how large a role investor purchases have played in stabilizing home prices; how much credit availability has truly improved; and, what the government’s role in mortgage finance will ultimately be.”


10



This being the case, cautious optimism remains the order of the day, as pricing levels and market activity continue to trend positively, but only time will tell whether this improvement is a result of sustainable economic improvement or short-term opportunism. As the Wells Housing Chartbook of January 2013 further recognizes, “Sales of new homes rose 19.9 percent to 367,000, while sales of existing homes, condominiums and townhomes rose 9.2 percent to 4.65 million homes. But some of the stabilization in home prices is undeniably tied to the filinginflux of noticesinvestors that have come in and purchased homes, many for cash.”

More broadly, the United States Gross Domestic Product (GDP) according to the “third” estimate, increased by 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of default2012. GDP increased 3.1, 1.5, and 2.0 percent for the completionthird, second, and first quarters of foreclosure sales2012, respectively. GDP growth remains stubbornly low, reflecting general attitudes the economic recovery is slow, fragile and in some cases, moratoriums on foreclosures altogether.uneven. The Federal Reserve continues to help support economic recovery by maintaining a highly accommodative stance for monetary policy, purposefully keeping the target range for the federal funds rate at 0 to ¼ percent. Further, the Federal Reserve anticipates economic conditions likely will continue to warrant these exceptionally low levels for the federal funds rate at least through late 2014, and anticipates it will continue purchasing $40 billion of mortgage-backed securities plus $45 billion of longer-term Treasury bonds each month, keeping longer-term mortgage and other interest rates lower than they would be otherwise.


Item 1A – Risk Factors (Not included as smaller reporting company)


Item 1B – Unresolved Staff Comments

Because the partnership is not an accelerated filer, a large accelerated filer or a well-seasoned issuer, the information required by Item 1B is not applicable.


Item 2 - Properties

Properties generally are acquired by foreclosure on impaired loans, and may be classified as “real estate held for sale” or “real estate held as investment”. Several factors are consideredSee Notes 5 (Real Estate Held for Sale) and 6 (Real Estate Held as Investment) to the financial statements included in determiningPart II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed presentation of the classification of owned properties and include, but are not limited to, properties/real estate market conditions, status of any required permits, repair, improvement or development work to be completed, rental and lease income and investment potential.  Real estate owned (“REO”), which presentation is classified as held for sale in the period in which the criteria are met in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).  As a property’s status changes, reclassifications may occur.incorporated by this reference into this Item 2.


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Real estate held for sale activity and changes in the net realizable value, if any, are summarized in the table following for the years ended December 31.

  2009  2008 
Balance at the beginning of the year $5,113  $3,979 
Acquisitions  9,113   1,766 
Dispositions  (2,278)  (695)
Improvements/betterments      63 
Charge-offs  (3,117)   
Change in net realizable value  (729)    
Balance at the end of the year $8,102  $5,113 
         
Number of properties  7   2 
         
Property type        
Single family $7,725  $5,113 
Apartments  377    
Balance at the end of the year $8,102   5,113 

In February 2008, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a single family residence located in Hayward, California. The partnership’s total investment in the loan was $391,000. Additional expenditures of $11,000 were made to prepare the residence for sale.  In July 2008, the property sold for net proceeds of $270,000.

In April 2008, the partnership acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure a single family residence located in La Quinta, California.  The total investment in the loan was $1,269,000 at foreclosure.  Subsequent to acquisition the partnership capitalized $63,000 in improvements and furnishings.

In April 2008, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a single family residence located in San Diego, California. subject to a first deed of trust securing a loan of $325,000.  At acquisition, the partnership’s total investment in the loan was $660,000.  The partnership made the monthly payment due on the first lien until the property was sold in November of 2008 for net proceeds of $425,000.

In February 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a single-family residence located in Woodland, California subject to a first deed of trust securing a loan of $245,000.  At acquisition, the partnership’s investment in the loan had been fully reserved.

In July 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure two loft (condominium) units located in San Francisco, California subject to a first deed of trust securing a loan of $838,000.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $1,986,000.  The partnership since acquisition paid down principal of $164,000 on the first mortgage.

In July 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure two loft (condominium) units located in San Francisco, California with each unit subject to a first deed of trust securing loans totaling $771,000.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $1,046,000.  The partnership since acquisition has paid down principal of $10,000 between the two first mortgages.

In October 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure an eight-unit apartment complex located in Stockton, California.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $377,000.

In December 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a single-family residence located in Perris, California.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $65,000.

The partnership owns since 2002 a single-family residence that was transferred via a statutory warranty deed to Russian Hill Property Company, LLC (“Russian”).  Russian was formed by the partnership to complete the development and sale of the property.  The assets, liabilities and development or sales expenses of Russian are consolidated into the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the partnership.


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Real estate held as investment activity and changes in the valuation allowances, if any, are summarized in the table following for the years ended December 31.

  2009  2008 
Balance at the beginning of the year $20,580  $19,630 
Acquisitions  80,510    
Dispositions      
Improvements/betterments  2,250   1,799 
Designated real estate held as investment      
Depreciation  (507)   
Change in net realizable value      (849)
Balance at the end of the year $102,833  $20,580 
         
Number of properties  8   4 
         
Property type        
Single family $4,140  $3,858 
Multi-unit  93,662   13,502 
Land  5,031   3,220 
Total $102,833  $20,580 
         
Accumulated depreciation        
Balance at the beginning of the year $  $ 
Depreciation  507    
Balance at the end of the year $507  $ 

In February 2007, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a single-family residence located in Napa, California subject to a first deed of trust securing a loan of $500,000 and $344,000 of accrued interest and late fees.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $2,640,000.  In September, 2007 the senior lien holder was paid in full.  A single asset entity named Borrette Property Company; LLC (“Borrette”) holds title to the property.  The partnership beneficially owns 100% of the membership interests in Borrette.  The partnership has been pursuing legal remedies surrounding title conditions not disclosed to the partnership at the time of making the original loan. During 2008 and 2007, the partnership received two partial settlements of claims from the title insurance company totaling $1,149,000 and continues to seek further recoveries.  These proceeds were applied to reduce the partnership’s investment and as of December 31, 2009 the partnership has spent approximately $357,000 for property improvements and maintenance, which it has capitalized. The partnership commenced rental operations of the property in 2009.  As of December 31, 2009, the partnership’s investment in Borrette was approximately $1.9 million, net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $9,000.

In June 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a 126-unit condominium complex located in Glendale, California.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $56,549,000. The partnership placed its interest in the title to the property in a single asset entity named Grand Villa LLC (“Grand Villa”) and commenced rental operations.  An independent, professional management firm has been engaged to oversee operations at the property.  As of December 31, 2009, 117 of the 126 units have been rented.  Revenue per square foot leased has been approximately $1.95.  As of December 31, 2009, the partnership’s total investment in Grand Villa was $56.1 million, net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $406,000.

In July 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure a lot located in San Rafael, California.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $1,210,000.

In September 2009, the partnership acquired by foreclosure 72 units in a 96-unit condominium complex located in Glendale, California.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $22,150,000. The partnership placed its interest in the title to the property in a single asset entity named Altura Avenue LLC (“Altura”) and commenced rental operations of the unsold 72 units (of the original 96 units) as 24 of the units were sold prior to the partnership’s foreclosure. An independent, professional management firm has been engaged to oversee operations at the property. As of December 31, 2009, 61 of the 72 units had been rented.  Revenue per square foot leased has been approximately $1.80.  As of December 31, 20 09, the partnership’s total investment in Altura was approximately $22.1 million, net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $92,000.

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In December 2009, the partnership and two affiliated partnerships jointly acquired by foreclosure an undeveloped parcel of land located in Ceres, California. The partnership’s investment totals $602,000.

The partnership owns a single family residence in San Francisco acquired by a foreclosure sale in 2004.  At the time the partnership took ownership of the property, the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $1,937,000.  The borrower had begun a substantial renovation of the property, which was not completed at the time of foreclosure.  The partnership decided to pursue development of the property by processing plans for the creation of two condominium units on the property.  The plans incorporate the majority of the existing improvements located on the property.  At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership’s total investment in this property was $2,254,000 and $2,026,000, respectively.

The partnership owns land in Ceres, California acquired in 2004 by accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan totaled $4,377,000. Of the three parcels acquired, one was sold and two remain. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, the partnership’s investment in this property was $3,219,000.

The partnership owns a multi-unit property in San Francisco, California acquired by foreclosure in 2005.  At acquisition the partnership’s investment in the loan, together with three other affiliate partnerships, totaled $10,595,000.  Upon acquisition, the property was transferred via a statutory warranty deed to a new entity named Larkin Street Property Company, LLC (“Larkin”).  The partnership owns a 72.50% interest in the property and the other three affiliates collectively own the remaining 27.50%.  The assets and liabilities of Larkin are consolidated into the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the partnership.  The property is not leased or occupied and does not generate any revenues.  The partnership and the affiliates have made and are continuing to make additional improvements in preparation for the planned sale of the property. As of December 31, 2009, approximately $5,316,000 in costs related to the development of this property had been capitalized.  The partnership pursued its effort to recover funds from the guarantors of the original loan and during the third quarter of 2006, obtained $431,000, representing the partnership’s pro rata share of the recovery, from one of the guarantors.  These proceeds were applied to reduce the partnership’s investment and as of December 31, 2009 the partnership’s investment, together with the other affiliated partnerships, totaled approximately $15.5 million.

Rental operations from the associated real estate held as investment are presented and discussed under Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


Item 3 – Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, the partnership may become involved in various legal proceedings such as assignment of rents, bankruptcy proceedings, appointment of receivers, unlawful detainers, judicial foreclosure, etc., to enforce the provisions of the deeds of trust, collect the debt owed under the promissory notes, or to protect, or recoup its investment from the real property secured by the deeds of trust and to resolve disputes between borrowers, lenders, lien holders and mechanics. None of these actions typically would be of any material importance. As of the date hereof, the partnership is not involved in any legal proceedings other than those that would be considered part of the normal course of business.


Item 4 – ReservedMine Safety Disclosures

No matters have been submitted to a vote of the partnership.Not applicable



 
1911

 


Part II


Item 5 – Market for the Registrant’s “Limited Partnership Units,” Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There is no established public trading market for the units, and we do not anticipate that one will develop.

The partnership’s sixth offeringAs of 100,000,000 units at $1 each (minimum purchaseDecember 31, 2012, approximately 8,200 limited partners had an aggregate capital balance set forth in the consolidated Balance Sheet included in Item 8 of 2,000 units) was completed on November 19, 2008 ($200,000,000 in units were previously offered and sold through separate offerings) through broker-dealer member firmsthis report. A description of the Financial Industry Regulatory Agency (FINRA)units, transfer restrictions and withdrawal provisions is described under the section of the prospectus entitled “Description of Units” and “Summary of Limited Partnership Agreement,” on pages 81 through 84 of the prospectus, a “best efforts” basis.  Investorspart of the referenced registration statement, which is incorporated herein by reference, and which pages are included in Exhibit 99.1 to this report.

Partners have the option of withdrawing earningsto elect to have distributed to them amounts equal to current-period profits on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis or to elect compounding the earnings.profits by foregoing the distribution to them of current-period profits. Limited partners may withdraw from the partnership in accordance with the terms of the limited partnership agreement subject to possible early withdrawal penalties.  There is no established public trading market.  As of December 31, 2009, 7,852 limited partners had an aggregate capital balance of $311,214,000, net of formation loans and syndication costs.

A description of the units, transfer restrictions and withdrawal provisions is more fully described under the section of the prospectus entitled “Description of Units” and “Summary of Limited Partnership Agreement”, on pages 81 through 84 of the prospectus, a part of the referenced registration statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Annualized yields when income/(loss) is compounded or distributed monthly for the years 2007 through 2009 are outlined in the table below:

  Compounded  Distributed 
2007  7.09%  6.87%
2008  5.30%  5.18%
2009  (6.69)%  (6.48)%

In response to reduced cash flows due to reduced loan payoffs, increased loan delinquencies and increased needs for cash reserves necessary to protect and preserve the partnership’s assets, as of March 16, 2009, the partnership suspended all liquidation payments for withdrawals of limited partners and will not be accepting new liquidationwithdrawal requests until further notice, and innotice. In March 2009 earningscash distributions were also reduced.reduced, and from October 2010 to September 2012, were limited subject to the Amended Bank Agreement.

DuringPlease refer to the years 2007, 2008Statement of Operations in the financial statements and 2009,the Notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for information on the 2012 and 2011 net income/(loss)income per $1,000 invested by limited partners, on compounding accounts was $71, 53, and $(67), respectively; such net income/(loss) was credited/(debited) to such limited partners’ capital accounts.  During the years 2007, 2008 and 2009, net income/(loss) per $1,000 investedwhich presentation is incorporated by limited partners on monthly distributing accounts was $69, $52 and $(65) respectively; the 2007 and 2008 net income was paid out as distributions to such limited partners.this reference into this Item 5.


Item 6 – Selected Financial Data (Not included as smaller reporting company)


Item 7 – ManagementManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Critical Accounting Policies.Policies

Management estimates

The preparationSee Note 2 (Summary of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires managementSignificant Accounting Policies) to make estimates and assumptions about the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the dates of the financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed presentation of critical accounting policies, which presentation is incorporated by this reference into this Item 7.

General Partners and the reported amounts of revenuesOther Related Parties

See Notes 1 (General) and expenses during the reported periods.  Such estimates relate principally3 (General Partners and Other Related Parties) to the determinationfinancial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a detailed presentation of various partnership activities for which the allowance for loan losses,general partners and related parties are compensated, and other related-party transactions, including the valuation of impaired loans, (which itself requires determining the fair value of the collateral), and the valuation of real estate held for sale and held as investment, at acquisition and subsequently.  Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.formation loan, which presentation is incorporated by this reference into this Item 7.


 
2012

 


Collateral fair values are reviewed quarterly and the protective equity for each loan is computed. As used herein, “protective equity” is the arithmetic difference between the fair valueResults of the collateral, net of any senior liens, and the loan balance, where “loan balance” is the sum of the unpaid principal, advances and the recorded interest thereon.  This computation is done for each loan (whether impaired or performing), and while loans secured by collateral of similar property type are grouped, there is enough distinction and variation in the collateral that a loan-by-loan, collateral-by-collateral analysis is appropriate.Operations

The fair value of the collateral is determined by exercise of judgment based on management’s experience informed by appraisals (by licensed appraisers), brokers’ opinion of values, and publicly available information on in-market transactions.  Historically, it has been rare for determinations of fair value to be made without substantial reference to current market transactions.  However, in recent years, due to the low levels of real estate transactions, and the rising number of transactions that are distressed (i.e., that are executed by an unwilling seller – often compelled by lenders or other claimants - and/or executed without broad exposure or with market exposure but with few, if any, resulting offers), more interpretation, judgment and interpolation/extrapolation within and across property t ypes is required.

Appraisals of commercial real property generally present three approaches to estimating value: 1) market comparables or sales approach; 2) cost to replace and 3) capitalized cash flows or investment approach.  These approaches may or may not result in a common, single value.  The market-comparables approach may yield several different values depending on certain basic assumptions, such as, determining highest and best use (which may or may not be the current use); determining the condition (e.g. as-is, when-completed, or for land when-entitled); and determining the unit of value (e.g. as a series of  individual unit sales or as a bulk disposition).  Further complicating this process already subject to judgment, uncertainty and imprecision are the current low transaction volumes in the residential , commercial and land markets, and the variability that has resulted.  This exacerbates the imprecision in the process, and requires additional considerations and inquiries as to whether the transaction was entered into by a willing seller into a functioning market or was the transaction completed in a distressed market, with the predominant number of sellers being those surrendering properties to lenders in partial settlement of debt (as is prevalent in the residential markets and is occurring more frequently in commercial markets) and/or participating in “arranged sales” to achieve partial settlement of debts and claims and to generate tax advantage. Either way, the present market is at historically low transaction volumes with neither potential buyers nor sellers willing to transact.  In certain asset classes the time elapsed between transactions – other than foreclosures – was 12 or more months.

The uncertainty in the process is exacerbated by overt (over)conservatism and caution exercised by appraisers.  Criticized - as having contributed to the asset bubble by inflating values – beginning in the immediate aftermath of the market and economic crisis, as a class the tendency of appraisers now is seemingly to (over)compensate by searching out or over-weighting lower sales comparables, thereby depressing values.  It also may be reflective of the tendency in distressed market for lesser-quality properties to transact while upper echelon properties remain off the market - or come on and off the market – because these owners believe in the intrinsic value of the properties (and the recoverability of that value) and are unwilling to accept “vulture” offers. This accounts for the ever lower transaction volumes for better and upper echelon properties which exacerbate the perception of a broadly declining market in which each succeeding transaction establishes a new low.

Management has the requisite familiarity with the markets it lends in generally and of the properties lent on specifically to analyze sales-comparables and assess their suitability/applicability. Management is acquainted with market participants – investors, developers, brokers, lenders – that are useful, relevant secondary sources of data and information regarding valuation and valuation variability.  These secondary sources may have familiarity with and perspectives on pending transactions, successful strategies to optimize value, and the history and details of specific properties - on and off the market - that enhance the process and analysis that is particularly and principally germane to establishing value in distressed markets and/or property types in (such as land held for development and for units in a con dominium conversion).

Loans and interest income

Loans and advances generally are stated at the unpaid principal balance. Management has discretion to pay amounts (advances) to third parties on behalf of borrowers to protect the partnership’s interest in the loan.  Advances include, but are not limited to, the payment of interest and principal on a senior lien to prevent foreclosure by the senior lien holder, property taxes, insurance premiums, and attorney fees. Advances generally are stated at the unpaid principal balance and accrue interest until repaid by the borrower.


21


The partnership may fund a specific loan origination net of an interest reserve to insure timely interest payments at the inception (one to two years) of the loan. As monthly interest payments become due, the partnership funds the payments into the affiliated trust account.

If events and or changes in circumstances cause management to have serious doubts about the collectibility of the payments of interest and principal in accordance with the loan agreement, a loan may be designated as impaired.  Impaired loans are included in management’s periodic analysis of recoverability. Any subsequent payments on impaired loans are applied to late fees and then to reduce first the accrued interest, then advances, and then unpaid principal balances.

From time to time, the partnership negotiates and enters into contractual workout agreements with borrowers whose loans are past maturity or who are delinquent in making payments which can delay and/or alter the loan’s cash flow and delinquency status.

Interest is accrued daily based on the unpaid principal balance of the loans.  An impaired loan continues to accrue as long as the loan is in the process of collection and is considered to be well-secured.  Loans are placed on non-accrual status at the earlier of management’s determination that the primary source of repayment will come from the foreclosure and subsequent sale of the collateral securing the loan (which usually occurs when a notice of sale is filed) or when the loan is no longer considered well-secured.  When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the accrual of interest is discontinued; however, previously recorded interest is not reversed.   A loan may return to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal payments become current in accordance with the te rms of the loan agreement.

Allowance for loan losses

Loans and the related accrued interest and advances are analyzed on a periodic basis for ultimate recoverability.  Delinquencies are identified and followed as part of the loan system.  Delinquencies are determined based upon contractual terms.  For impaired loans, a provision is made for loan losses to adjust the allowance for loan losses to an amount considered by management to be adequate, with due consideration to collateral values, such that the net carrying amount (unpaid principal balance, plus advances, plus accrued interest less the specific allowance) is reduced to the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, if a loan is collateral dependent, to the estimated fair value of the related collateral net of any senior loans, which would include co sts to sell in arriving at net realizable value if planned disposition of the asset securing a loan is by way of sale.  Loans that are determined not to be individually impaired are grouped by the property type of the underlying collateral, and for each loan and for the total by property type, the amount of protective equity or amount of exposure to loss (i.e., the dollar amount of the deficiency of the fair value of the underlying collateral to the loan balance) is computed.  Based on its knowledge of the borrowers and their historical (and expected) performance, and the exposure to loss, management estimates an appropriate reserve by property type for probable credit losses in the portfolio.

The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and may require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers. The partnership charges off uncollectible loans and related receivables directly to the allowance account once it is determined the full amount is not collectible.


22


Real estate held for sale

Real estate held for sale includes real estate acquired in full or partial settlement of loan obligations generally through foreclosure that is being marketed for sale.  Real estate held for sale is recorded at acquisition at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan, plus any senior indebtedness, or at the property’s net realizable value, which is the fair value less estimated costs to sell, as applicable.  Any excess of the recorded investment in the loan over the net realizable value is charged against the allowance for loan losses.  The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and often require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers.  The estimates figure materially in calculating the value of the property at acquisition, the level of charge to the allowance for loan losses and any subsequent valuation reserves. After acquisition, costs incurred relating to the development and improvement of property are capitalized to the extent they do not cause the recorded value to exceed the net realizable value, whereas costs relating to holding and disposition of the property are expensed as incurred. After acquisition, real estate held for sale is analyzed periodically for changes in fair values and any subsequent write down is charged to operating expenses.  Any recovery in the fair value subsequent to such a write down is recorded – not to exceed the net realizable value at acquisition - as an offset to operating expenses. Gains or losses on sale of the property are recorded in other income or expense. Recognition of gains on the sale of real estate is dependent upon the transaction meeting certain criteria related to the nature of the proper ty and the terms of the sale including potential seller financing.

Real estate held as investment

Real estate held as investment includes real estate acquired through foreclosure that is not being marketed for sale and is either being operated, such as rental properties; is being managed through the development process, including obtaining appropriate and necessary entitlements, permits and construction; or are idle properties awaiting more favorable market conditions. Real estate held as investment is recorded at acquisition at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan, plus any senior indebtedness, or at the property’s estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, as applicable.  After acquisition, costs incurred relating to the development and improvement of the property are capitalized, whereas costs relating to operating or holding the property are expensed. Subsequent to acquisition, management pe riodically compares the carrying value of real estate to expected undiscounted future cash flows for the purpose of assessing the recoverability of the recorded amounts.  If the carrying value exceeds future undiscounted cash flows, the assets are reduced to estimated fair value.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) approved the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (Codification) as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Codification was issued on July 1, 2009 and will be effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  Upon the Codification issuance only one level of authoritative GAAP exists, other than guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. All other accounting literature excluded from the Codification is considered non-authoritative. All references to GAAP will now use the new Codification (ASC) numbering system.  The Codification did not have a material impact on the partnership’s accounting policies.

In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for that Asset is Not Active, with an immediate effective date.  The purpose of this release was to provide further clarification regarding Level 3 inputs and the assumptions management may make when the market for the asset is not active.  In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly, with an effective date for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption being permitted.  The pu rpose of this release was to provide additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with SFAS 157, when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased.  This release also includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly.  The adoption of these releases did not have a material impact on the partnership’s financial condition and results of operation.  These releases, along with SFAS 157, FSP 157-1 and FSP 157-2operations are now included in ASC 820.


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In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 107-1 (ASC 825) and APB 28-1 (ASC 825), Interim Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, with an effective date for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption being permitted if one also early adopts FSP FAS 157-4.  The purpose of this release is to require disclosure about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements and to require those disclosures in summarized financial information at interim reporting periods.  The adoption of this release did not have a material impact on the partnership’s disclosures.

Related Parties.

The general partners of the partnership are RMC, Gymno Corporation and Michael R. Burwell.  Most partnership business is conducted through RMC, which arranges services and maintains the loan portfolio for the benefit of the partnership.  The fees received by the general partners are paid pursuant to the partnership agreement and are determined at the sole discretion of the general partners, subject to limitations imposed by the partnership agreement. In the past the general partners have elected not to take the maximum compensation.  The following is a list of various partnership activities for which related parties are compensated.
Mortgage Brokerage Commissions
For fees in connection with the review, selection, evaluation, negotiation and extension of loans, the general partners may collect loan brokerage commissions (points) limited to an amount not to exceed 4% of the total partnership assets per year.  The loan brokerage commissions are paid by the borrowers, and thus, are not an expense of the partnership.  In 2009, 2008 and 2007, loan brokerage commissions paid by the borrowers were $129,000, $1,182,000 and $2,932,000, respectively.

Mortgage servicing fees

RMC, a general partner, receives monthly mortgage servicing fees of up to 1/8 of 1% (1.5% annually) of the unpaid principal balance of the loan portfolio or such lesser amount as is reasonable and customary in the geographic area where the property securing the mortgage is located. Historically, RMC has charged 1.0% annually, and on occasion has waived additional amounts to enhance the partnership’s earnings and thereby increase returns to the limited partners.  Such fee waivers were not made for the purpose of providing the partnership with sufficient funds to satisfy withdrawal requests, nor were such waivers made in order to meet any required level of distributions, as the partnership has no such required level of distributions.  RMC does not use any specific criteria when determining the exact amount of fe es to be waived.  The decision to waive fees and the amount, if any, to be waived, is made by RMC in its sole discretion.  There is no assurance that RMC will waive fees at similar levels, or at all, in the future.   RMC does not use any specific criteria in determining the exact amount of fees to be waived.

Mortgage servicing fees paid to RMC are presented in the table followingdiscussed below for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008  2007 
Maximum chargeable $4,534  $5,128  $4,158 
Waived  (1,812)  (2,459)  (2,709)
Net charged $2,722  $2,669  $1,449 

Asset management fees

The general partners receive monthly fees for managing the partnership’s loan portfolio and operations of up to 1/32 of 1% of the “net asset value” (3/8 of 1% annually).  At times, to enhance the earnings to the partnership, the general partners have charged less than the maximum allowable rate.  Such fee waivers were not made with the purpose of providing the partnership with sufficient funds to satisfy withdrawal requests, nor to meet any required level of distributions, as the partnership has no such required level of distributions.  The general partners do not use any specific criteria when determining the exact amount of fees to be waived.  The decision to waive fees and the amount, if any, to be waived, is made by th e general partners in their sole discretion.  There is no assurance that the general partners will waive fees at similar levels, or at all, in the future. 


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Asset management fees paid to the general partners are presented in the table following for the past years December 31 (in thousands).

  2009  2008  2007 
Maximum chargeable $1,305  $1,282  $1,143 
Waived         
Net charged $1,305  $1,282  $1,143 

Other fees

The partnership agreement provides for other fees such as reconveyance, mortgage assumption and mortgage extension fees. Such fees are incurred by the borrowers and are paid to the general partners.

Clerical costs from Redwood Mortgage Corp.

RMC, a general partner, is reimbursed by the partnership for all operating expenses incurred on behalf of the partnership, including without limitation, out-of-pocket general and administration expenses of the partnership, accounting and audit fees, legal fees and expenses, postage and preparation of reports to limited partners. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, operating expenses totaling $450,000, $364,000 and $333,000, respectively, were reimbursed to RMC.
Contributed Capital
The general partners jointly or severally are required to contribute 1/10 of 1% in cash contributions as proceeds from the offerings are received from the limited partners.  As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, a general partner, Gymno Corporation, had contributed $95,000 and $265,000, respectively, as capital in accordance with Section 4.02(a) of the partnership agreement.
Sales Commission – “Formation Loan” to Redwood Mortgage Corp.
Sales commissions are not paid directly by the partnership out of the offering proceeds. Instead, the partnership loans to RMC, one of the general partners, amounts to pay all sales commissions and amounts payable in connection with unsolicited orders.  This loan, which reduces limited partners’ capital, is unsecured and non-interest bearing and is referred to as the “formation loan.”  For the offerings, sales commissions paid to brokers ranged from 0% (units sold by general partners) to 9% of gross proceeds.  The partnership had anticipated the sales commissions would approximate 7.6% based on the assumption that 65% of investors will elect to reinvest earnings, thus generating full 9% commissions.  The actual sales commission percentage for all six offerings combined was 7.5%.   Formation loans made to RMC were on a per offering basis.

The following table summarizes formation loan transactions through December 31, 2009 ($ in thousands):

  Offering    
  1st  2nd  3rd  4th  5th  6th  Total 
Limited Partner                     
contributions $14,932  $29,993  $29,999  $49,985  $74,904  $100,000  $299,813 
                             
Formation loans made $1,075  $2,272  $2,218  $3,777  $5,661  $7,564  $22,567 
Repayments to date  (991)  (1,956)  (1,487)  (2,218)  (2,363)  (1,651)  (10,666)
Early withdrawal penalties                            
applied  (84)  (173)  (137)  (100)  (141)  (5)  (640)
Balance,                            
December 31, 2009 $  $143  $594  $1,459  $3,157  $5,908  $11,261 
                             
Percent loaned  7.2%  7.6%  7.4%  7.6%  7.6%  7.6%  7.5%


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As amounts are collected from RMC, the deduction from capital will be reduced.  Interest has been imputed at the market rate of interest in effect at the date the offerings closed which ranged from 4.00% to 9.50%.  An estimated amount of imputed interest is recorded for offerings still outstanding.  During 2009, 2008, and 2007, $680,000, $624,000, and $680,000, respectively, were recorded related to amortization of the discount on imputed interest.

Results of Operations.

The partnership’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 are discussed below ($ in thousands).

Changes for the years ended December 31,  Changes for the years ended December 31, 
2009   2008  2012 2011 
Dollars Percent   Dollars Percent  Dollars Percent Dollars Percent 
Revenue            
Revenues, net          
Interest income          
Loans            $(624)(31)% $(5,036)(71)%
Interest$(10,646)(32)% $4,639 16 %
Late fees (126)(77)   (93)(36) 
Gain on sale of loan (119)(100)   119   
Total loan revenue (10,891)(33)   4,665 16  
Rental income 1,234        
Imputed interest on formation loan 56 9    (56)(8)  (263)(56)  (84)(15) 
Other (22)(11)   27 15  
Total revenues (9,623)(28)   4,636 16  
Other interest income (4)(80)   (41)(89) 
Total interest income (891)(36)   (5,161)(67) 
                       
Interest expense                      
Line of credit and other borrowings 392 14   747 38  
Amortization of discount on imputed interest 56 9    (56)(8) 
Bank loan, secured (1,738)(76)  (1,101)(32) 
Mortgages 83 4  1,091 89 
Amortization of discount on formation loan (263)(56)  (84)(15) 
Other interest expense (89)(99)   7 8 
Total interest expense 448 13   691 26   (2,007)(39)   (87)(2) 
                      
Net interest income/(expense) 1,116 (42)  (5,074)(213) 
          
Late fees (22)(59)  (6)(14) 
Other (6)(46)   (41)(76) 
Total revenues/(expense), net 1,088 (41)  (5,121)(206) 
                      
Provision for loan losses 25,546 333   5,880 329   (5,254)(86)  (72,453)(92) 
                       
Operating expenses                       
Mortgage servicing fees 53 2    1,220 84   (1,882)(72)  1,099)73 
Asset management fees 23 2    139 12   (98)(10)  (258)(22) 
Clerical costs through Redwood Mortgage Corp. 86 24    31 9  
Costs from Redwood Mortgage Corp. 126 11  749 168 
Professional services 269 121    (200)(47)  (168)(9)  277 18 
Rental operations 1,566        
Impairment loss on real estate 729        
REO          
Rental operations, net (965)43  (892)67 
Holding costs (477)(49)  384 65 
Loss/(gain) on disposal 482 (93)  (1,096)(191) 
Impairment loss/(gain) (8,464)(87)  8,526 713 
Other 104 29    107 42   96 204  (53)(53) 
Total operating expenses 2,830 58    1,297 36  
Total operating expenses, net (11,350)(78)   8,736 149 
          
Net income (loss)             $17,692 (76)% $58,596 (72)%
$(38,447)(210)% $(3,232)(15)%

Please refer to the above table and the Statement of Operations in the financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report throughout the discussionsdiscussion of Results of Operations.


 
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Impact of general economic and real estate market conditions on the partnership’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows

Since the beginning to the financial crisis (2008) and the resultant Great Recession (2009) the partnership has continuously adjusted to the historically volatile and challenging conditions of the economic environment. The combination of general economic conditions, constrained credit, depressed financial markets, distressed real estate markets, and the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (the “Bank Loan”) dated October 2010, resulted in significant changes in the lending and business operations of the partnership that are on-going. At the inception of the Great Recession the partnership was fully invested in a diversified portfolio of mortgages secured by California real estate. As the credit crisis deepened and the recession worsened, borrower’s finances deteriorated and real estate values moved swiftly downward. When this occurred the partnership was not insulated from these economic and financial realities. As our cash flow, like others’ cash flows within our industry deteriorated, our bankers accelerated repayment of our indebtedness. The partnership was forced to significantly increase cash flows, in a highly illiquid market, to repay the accelerated repayment terms of the Bank Loan. To accomplish this, the partnership collected its borrower loans as efficiently as possible and when we acquired real estate collateral we had to prepare those properties which may transact in the depressed real estate market for sale to raise cash. Our banks prohibited the partnership from funding new loans forcing cash flow to be directed to the Bank Loan repayment thereby, eliminating our ability to replace interest income lost. In addition, we curtailed limited partner liquidations to increase cash available for the repayment of the Bank Loan and to continue operations.

From October 2009 until the bank loan was repaid in September 2012, the cash proceeds received by the partnership from loan payments, loan payoffs, sale of real estate owned (REO), and third-party mortgages obtained on stabilized properties that the partnership has taken back through foreclosure or otherwise obtained, have been used predominately to pay down the amount outstanding on the bank loan. The amount outstanding on the bank loan was reduced by  $50,000,000 since December 31, 2010, and $85,000,000 since September 2009.

As a result of the financial crisis and the contemporaneous amendment of the terms of the bank loan, the partnership’s assets have changed from predominately performing loans, to impaired loans and then to real estate owned. Total assets (the sum of all assets owned by the partnership) decreased from $424,873,000 at December 31, 2008, to $247,775,000 at December 31, 2012 (a decline of $177,098,000 or 42%). Net loans (the total of loan principal, advances, accrued interest, net of the allowance for loan losses) declined over the same time period from $386,589,000 to $46,380,000 (a decline of $340,209,000 or 88%). REO increased from $25,693,000 at December 31, 2008, to $181,333,000 at December 31, 2012, as a consequence of the loan collection efforts undertaken by the general partners. These legacy assets consisting of real estate owned and predominantly loans made prior to the beginning of the financial crisis make up the majority of our assets. Some of the currently existing loans may eventually revert to REO. Details of our real estate owned is provided in footnotes 5 and 6 of the financial statements included in this form 10-K..

However, real estate sales, investment, and construction continue at reduced levels from their normal averages, particularly as to single family homes. In the second half of 2012 and continuing in the first quarter of 2013, we have observed real estate markets begin to show evidence of recovery, particularly in coastal California.  Loans from traditional sources, such as banks, are of limited availability, and when they are available the credit and regulatory environment imposes constraints such that few projects and/or borrowers meet the new, more stringent minimum requirements to qualify. Multi-family properties that are stabilized and profitable can qualify for Fannie and Freddie loans and institutional financing, but the loan underwriting is restricting. The result is that our remaining borrowers are experiencing on-going difficulty in refinancing their partnership loans and/or selling the properties securing those loans to generate the cash to repay us. We may modify loans in which the borrower has a high likelihood of sustaining the new modified loan terms. Otherwise, it is likely we will take the property back. We continue to believe our ownership of the collateral that secured our loans is the most effective means of maintaining or improving the value of the properties and is the best alternative for preserving partners’ capital.

The properties that we have acquired through foreclosure generally are being rented and we are continuing our efforts to improve gross rental income primarily by increasing occupancies and by increasing the properties’ rents to be in line with rising rental market conditions. The real estate market, while not recovered fully, has enabled rents to increase, as consumers favor renting over owning, which may result in appreciation in the property’s market value.

The continuing primary focus of the general partners is the preservation of limited partners’ capital while dealing with the on-going consequences of the historic declines in liquidity, real estate values and the ramifications of our Bank Loan being required to be retired.


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Revenue – Interest income - Loans – Interest

The interest on loans decreased for 20092012 and 2011 due to a decrease in the average secured loan portfolio balance, and the decrease in the related average yield rate and(the partnership has modified many of the increase in non-accrualperforming loans resulting in approximately $7,200,000 of foregone (interest notto lower interest rates which reflect current market rates). Foregone interest (not recorded for financial reporting purposes on loans designated asnon-accrual status) in non-accrual status)interest in 2009 compared to none for 2008.  The increase in interest on loans for 20082012, 2011, and 2010, was due to an increase in the average secured loan balance offset by a decrease in the average yield rate.approximately $4,199,000, $11,600,000 and $14,300,000, respectively.  The table below recaps the yearly averages and the effect of the foregone interest on the average yield rate ($ in thousands).

  Average Stated   
  Secured Average Effective 
  Loan Yield Yield 
Year Balance Rate Rate 
2007 $280,688 9.87%10.15%
2008 $345,864 9.42%9.58%
2009 $327,594 9.06%6.87%
  Average Stated   
  Secured Average Effective 
  Loan Yield Yield 
Year Balance Rate Rate 
2010 $245,026 8.72%2.88%
2011 $160,820 8.44%1.25%
2012 $71,338 7.83%1.94%

Revenue – Loans – Gain on sale of loanInterest expense

In 2008Bank loan, secured – The decrease in interest expense for 2012 was due to the partnership was presented with an unsolicited offer to purchase a loan more than 90 days delinquent.  Atdecline of the time of sale, theaverage daily loan balance totaled $5,166,000.outstanding from $35,400,000 for 2011 to $6,345,000 for 2012.  The decrease in interest expense for 2011 was due to the decline of the average daily loan balance outstanding from $62,135,000 for 2010 to $35,400,000 for 2011.

RevenueMortgagesRental Income

During the third quarter of 2009, the general partners determined three properties acquired by foreclosure, would best serve the partnership at this time and for the foreseeable future, to be rented rather than sold.  Two of these properties are condominium complexes which lend themselves to rental activities as the market for condominium units, and single family residences has slowed considerably.  A detached single-family residence is leased as well.  Independent, professional management firms were engaged to oversee operations at each property.

One condominium complex (100% owned by the partnership) has 126 units available for rent, of which 117 were rented as of December 31, 2009.  In the other condominium complex, the partnership owns 72 units, of which 61 were rented as of December 31, 2009.  It is anticipated once the properties’ operations and leasing are stabilized cash flow will be positive.

Interest Expense – Line of Credit and other Borrowings

The increased interest expensesexpense on mortgages for 2009 are related primarily2012 and 2011 was due to a combination of changes in the partnership’s line of credit. Theweighted average daily borrowing for 2009 was $84,532,000 compared to $57,018,000 for 2008. Dueinterest rate and to the partnership recognizingeither obtaining a net loss formortgage on a piece of owned property or foreclosing upon property subject to an existing mortgage. The table below recaps the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2009, the partnership wasyearly averages ($ in technical non-compliance with a financial-performance covenant on its line of credit.  In the fourth quarter of 2009,  the banks and the partnership entered into a forbearance agreement which included increasing  the interest rate charged on the line of credit by 2.0 percentage points to the default rate (prime plus 1.5%) effective as of October 1, 2009-and charged a forbearance fee of $148,000..  The effective interest rate for 2009 was 3.29% compared to 4.58% for 2008.thousands).

The increase for 2008 is due to an increase in the average daily borrowing to $57,018,000, compared to $21,774,000 for 2007.  Offsetting the increase in borrowings was a reduction to the average interest rate charged from 7.58% in 2007 to 4.58% for 2008.
  Average Weighted 
  Mortgage Average 
  Loan Interest 
Year Balance Rate 
2010 $26,300 4.54%
2011 $40,500 5.23%
2012 $44,869 4.87%

Provision for lossesLosses on loansLoans/Allowance for Loan Losses

The increases in the provision for loan losses in 20092011 and 2008 resulted from corresponding increasesprior years was primarily related to the allowancesrapidly declining values of real estate, which adversely impacted the value of the collateral securing our loans.  These loans became collateral dependent (see Note 2 of the financial statements) as a result of borrower defaults during the financial crisis/Great Recession.  The number of borrower defaults declined in 2012, in correlation to the reduction in the number and amount of loans outstanding declined and the aforementioned stabilization in real estate values.

Operating Expenses

Mortgage servicing fees - The decrease in mortgage servicing fees for loan losses2012 was due to increasedthe reduction in the average loan portfolio sizebalance (see the table in 2008Revenue – Interest income - Loans) and the amounts recorded in 2011 for servicing fees not accrued on impaired loans in prior periods.  The increase in mortgage servicing fees for 2011 compared to 2010 was due to amounts recorded in 2011 for servicing fees not accrued on impaired loans in prior periods. In prior periods, servicing fees on impaired loans were recognized when paid, either at the time the loan was paid or a foreclosure sale was completed.

Costs from 2007, increasesRMC - The increase in costs from RMC for 2012 and 2011 compared to 2011 and 2010, respectively, was due to reimbursement of qualifying charges permitted in the partnership agreement. In 2010 and prior years, before the start of the financial crisis/recession RMC chose not to request reimbursement for all costs qualifying for reimbursement, which it may do from time to time in its sole discretion.  In subsequent periods (i.e. 2010 onward) as the fees RMC would otherwise have collected from loan originations and loan servicing fees declined substantially or went to near zero or zero due to the number of loans designated as impaired (and therefore collateral dependent)restrictions on lending imposed by the amended and broadly declining property values.

restated loan agreement, RMC chose to request reimbursement for all qualifying costs.

 
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Operating Expenses

Professional services - The 2009 increasedecrease in mortgage servicing fees is dueprofessional services for 2012 compared to less fees being waived by Redwood Mortgage Corp.  The 2008 increase in mortgage servicing fees is2011 was primarily due to the increasea reduction in the average loan portfolio from $280,688,000legal fees related to REO property of approximately ($614,000), offset by increases for 2007, to $345,864,000 for 2008.

The increase for 2009 in asset management fees was due to a slightly greater average capital balance for the year compared to 2008.  The increase in asset management fees for 2008 was due to an increase in limited partners’ capital under management, which increased to $334,265,000 in 2008 from $311,065,000 in 2007.

audit and tax services of approximately $155,000 and consultants of $288,000.  The increase in professional services for 20092011 was primarily due to increases in professional costs for legal and accounting services, audits and tax return processing. As more issues have arisenlaws, regulations, and tax and accounting pronouncements related to delinquentdisclosure requirements for financial services enterprises generally and impaired loans,lenders specifically, have increased in number and real estate owned, management’s need to consult with expertscomplexity, the role of outside auditors, consultants, and legal advisers has increased. The decrease in professional fees for 2008For 2012, 2011 and 2010, the cost of audit and tax services was due to 2007 including one-time costs related to$562,000, $410,000 and $683,000, respectively. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.cost of legal and other consultants was $1,129,000, $1,449,000 and $823,000, respectively.

REO - Rental operations, net – The increase in rental operations for 2009 is primarily due to owning and operating the partnership’s decision to leaseproperties for the entire year of 2012, versus a partial year of owning and operating some of the properties acquired through foreclosure, rather than sell all acquired real estate.  Please see the earlier discussion under Revenue - Rental Incomein this item.  2011.

The table below summarizes the rental operations, for the year ended December 31, 2009 ($ in thousands):

  2009 
Operating expenses    
Property taxes  352 
Management, administration and insurance  374 
Utilities, maintenance and other  255 
Advertising and promotions  78 
Total operating expenses  1,059 
Depreciation  507 
Total rental operations $1,566 

The impairment loss on real estate for 2009 is the result of declining property values related to the held for sale assets.  Management has adjusted the listing prices accordingly.

Allowance for Losses.

The allowance for loan losses is principally the total specific reserves for loans designated impaired (and therefore deemed collateral dependent). The increase in payment defaults is the primary cause of the increase in impaired loans as shown in the detail of delinquent loans and loans designated impaired below.

  Number  Total  Total  Impaired  Average     Interest 
  of  Impaired  Investment  Loans’  Investment  Interest  Income 
  Impaired  Loan  Impaired  Loss  Impaired  Income  Received 
Year Loans  Balance  Loans  Reserve  Loans  Accrued  In Cash 
2009  29  $146,956  $174,175  $20,884  $115,225  $9,367  $2,495 
2008  12  $39,683  $56,274  $6,956  $49,976  $3,699  $509 
2007    $  $  $  $  $  $ 


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For impaired loans, a provision is made for loan losses to adjust the allowance for loan losses to an amount considered by management to be adequate, with due consideration to collateral values, such that the net carrying amount (unpaid principal balance, plus advances, plus accrued interest less the specific allowance) is reduced to the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, if a loan is collateral dependent, to the estimated fair value of the related collateral net of any senior loans, which would include costs to sell in arriving at net realizable value if planned disposition of the asset securing a loan is by way of sale.  Loans that are determined not to be individually impaired are grouped by the property type of the underlying collateral, and for each loan and for the total by property type, the amount of protective equity or amount of exposure to loss (i.e., the dollar amount of the deficiency of the fair value of the underlying collateral to the loan balance) is computed.  Based on its knowledge of the borrowers and their historical (and expected) performance, and the exposure to loss, management estimates an appropriate reserve by property type for probable credit losses in the portfolio. The decline in real estate transactions and volumes has impacted adversely the protective equity for substantially all loans and the allowance for loan losses increased correspondingly.

The partnership may enter into a workout agreement with a borrower whose loan is past maturity or whose loan payments are delinquent.  Typically, a workout agreement allows the borrower to extend the maturity date of the balloon payment and/or allows the borrower to make current monthly payments while deferring for periods of time, past due payments, or allows time to pay the loan in full.  By deferring maturity dates of balloon payments or deferring past due payments, workout agreements may adversely affect the partnership’s cash flow and maybe classified for financial reporting purposes as a troubled debt restructuring.  If a workout agreement cannot be reached, if the borrower repeatedly is delinquent and/or if the collateral is at risk, the general partners may initiate foreclosure by filing a no tice of default.  This may result – unless the delinquency is satisfied by the borrower or a workout agreement is negotiated – in a foreclosure sale, often resulting in the title to the collateral property being taken by the partnership in satisfaction of the debt.  Both troubled debt restructurings and foreclosure sales may result in charge-offs being recorded as offsets to the allowance for loan losses. The partnership charges off uncollectible loans and related receivables directly to the allowance account once it is determined the full amount is not collectible.

Activity in the allowance for loan losses is presented in the table following for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Balance at beginning of year $11,420  $4,469 
         
Provision for loan losses  33,214   7,668 
         
Charge-offs, net        
Charge-offs  (21,548)  (717)
Recoveries        
Charge-offs, net  (21,548)  (717)
         
Balance at end of year $23,086  $11,420 
         
Ratio of charge-offs, net during the period to average        
secured loans outstanding during the period  6.58%  0.21%
  2012  2011 
Rental income $11,585  $9,392 
Operating expenses, rentals        
Administration and payroll  1,440   1,103 
Homeowner association fees  866   391 
Receiver fees  253   485 
Utilities and maintenance  1,251   1,519 
Advertising and promotions  128   81 
Property taxes  1,846   1,484 
Other  280   229 
Total operating expenses, rentals  6,064   5,292 
Net operating income  5,521   4,100 
Depreciation  2,328   1,872 
Rental operations, net $3,193  $2,228 

Interest expense on the mortgages securing the rental properties was $2,397,000 and $2,315,000 for 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Rental operations are comprised of residential and commercial properties.  There were 16 residential properties at December 31, 2012 with a net book value of $142,707,000, and three commercial properties with a net book value of $11,859,000.  Financial highlights are presented in the table below for the year ended December 31, 2012, ($ in thousands).

        Net       
  Rental  Operating  Operating     Earnings/ 
  Income  Expenses  Income  Depreciation  (Loss) 
Property type               
Residential               
Single family (1)
 $46  $51  $(5) $19  $(24)
Condominiums and Apartments  4,401   1,738   2,663   1,100   1,563 
Fractured condominiums  5,729   3,758   1,971   1,081   890 
Total residential  10,176   5,547   4,629   2,200   2,429 
Commercial (1)
  1,409   517   892   128   764 
Total rental operations $11,585  $6,064  $5,521  $2,328  $3,193 

(1)  Single family and commercial types each include a single property sold in the first quarter of 2012 with insignificant rental revenue and operations expenses up to the time of the sale.

The partnership may restructure loansrental operations overall experienced a 23% growth in 2012 in rental income and a 35% growth in net operating income (NOI).  Growth was particularly strong in the multi-family portfolio which are delinquent or past maturity.  Thisat December 31, 2012 is done either throughcomprised of 15 properties (668 rental units).  During 2012 the modificationtop five rental properties in terms of an existing loan or by re-writing a whole new loan.  It could involve, among other changes, an extensionNOI (3 in maturity date, a reductionNorthern California and 2 in repayment amount, a reduction in interest rate or granting an additional loan.  Six troubled debt loans were restructured in 2008 resulting in a lossSouthern California, four multi-family and one commercial) accounted for 75% of $2,482,000 which was offset against the loan loss reserve. During 2009,total rental income, 68% of the partnership restructured 22 loans resulting in a losstotal operating expenses, and 82% of $604,000 which was offset against the allowance for loan losses.total NOI.


 
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At management’s direction, the property managers continue to improve NOI by executing the strategy of increasing occupancy (which topped 94% in 2012) while achieving modest rent growth.  In addition, as the economic conditions in California continue to improve management expects market rents to increase.  As tenants vacate units or renew their leases the rents are expected to move up to currently existing higher market rents.

REO - Holding costs - The decrease in holding costs in 2012 was primarily due to the sale of five properties during 2012.  The increase in holding costs in 2011 was primarily due to a full year of costs in 2011 on properties acquired in 2010.

REO - Loss/(gain) on disposal - The reduction in the gain on disposal of REO in 2012 is due to several large gains achieved in 2011.  The gain on disposal in 2011 was due primarily to the partnership evaluating its properties and positioning them to transact at optimum prices. Management through repairs and improvements, stabilization of rental rolls, improvements in income producing properties financial performance, and elimination of deterrents to sale, increased our properties appeal, finance ability, and value to buyers.

REO - Impairment loss/(gain) - The decrease in impairment losses on REO in 2012 is primarily due to the improving stability in real estate values and the completed repayment of the bank loan.  Impairment losses on real estate for 2011 were due to the necessity to transact sales of properties in a challenged market in order to meet the repayment schedule of the amended and restated bank loan agreement.  Property sales were completed at prices which while, commercially reasonable, were likely less than that which could have been attained had the partnership had more time to offer the properties for sale or been able to continue to hold the properties for future sales. Occasionally, properties which the partnership held as investment, received unsolicited offers which given partnership’s cash flow requirements and bank repayment dynamics were compelling to accept, although they necessitated taking an impairment loss.  Now that the bank loan obligation has been repaid the partnership intends to hold the majority of its remaining properties until a more robust real estate market and a normal credit market exist. While these two factors develop, management intends to continue to improve held properties’ financial performance and desirability. The impairment loss taken in 2011 on a southern California multi-family property was due to a delay in repairs, that resulted in weaker operating results than anticipated. As the property is now completed, significantly improved operating results and value is being achieved as the property stabilizes into normal operations.

Loans/Allowance for Loan Losses

See Note 4 (Loans) to the financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for detailed presentations of loan balances, activity, and characteristics, and the corresponding data regarding the allowance for loan losses, which presentations are incorporated by this reference into this Item 7.

Real Estate Owned/Mortgages

See Notes 5 (Real Estate Held for Sale), 6 (Real Estate Held as Investment) and 7 (Borrowings) to the financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, of this report for detailed presentations of real estate owned and mortgages thereon, which presentations are incorporated by this reference into this Item 7.

Liquidity and Capital Resources.Resources

The partnership relies upon loan payoffs, borrowers’ mortgage payments, the partnership’s line of creditsale and salefinancing of real estate owned and to a lesser degree, retention of income when profitable for the source of funds for new loans.  Recently, mortgage interest rates have decreased somewhat from those available at the inception of the partnership.  If interest rates were to increase substantially, the yield of the partnership’s loans may provide lower yields than other comparable debt-related investments.  Additionally, since

In September 2012, the partnership has made primarily fixed rate loans, if interest rates were to rise,paid the likely result would be a slower prepayment rate forremaining amount owing under the partnership.  This could cause a lower degree of liquidity as well as a slowdown in the ability of the partnership to invest in loans at the then current interest rates.  Conversely, in the event interest rates were to decline, the partnership could experience significant borrower prepayments, which, if the partnership can only obtain the then existing lower rates of interest may cause a dilution of the partnership’s yield on loans, thereby lowering the partnership’s overall yield to the limited partners.  Cash is generated from borrower payments of interest, principal, loan payoffs and from the partnership’s sale of real estate owned properties.

Currently the credit and financial markets are facing a significant and prolonged disruption.  As a result, loans are not readily available to borrowers or purchasers of real estate.  These credit constraints have impacted the partnership and our borrowers’ ability to sell properties or refinance their loans in the event they have difficulty making loan payments or their loan matures.  Borrowers are also generally finding it more difficult to refinance or sell their properties due to the general decline in California real estate values in recent years.Bank Loan. The partnership’s loans generally have shorter maturity terms than typical mortgages.  As a result, constraints on the ability of our borrowers to refinance their loans on or prior to maturity have had and will likely continu e to have a negative impact on their ability to repay their loans.  In addition, the relatively higher than median nature of our average loan balances makes it more difficult for many of our borrowers to refinance with us, even though we are an “asset” lender.  Residential-loan borrowers with high loan balances, particularly jumbo-loan borrowers, would find it difficult to refinance their loans with us.  In the event a borrower is unable to repay a loan at maturity due to its inability to refinance the loan or otherwise, the partnership may consider extend the maturing loan through workouts or modifications, or foreclosing on the property as the general partners deem appropriate based on their evaluation of each individual loan. A slow down or reduction in loan repayments would likely reduce the partnership’s cash flows and restrict the partnership’s ability to invest in new loans or provide ear nings and capital distributions.

The partnership has a bank line of credit in the maximum amount of the lesser of (1) $85,000,000, (2) one-third of partners’ capital, or (3) the borrowing base as defined in the credit agreement.  The line of credit matures on June 30, 2010, carries an interest rate on borrowings at prime less 0.50% and is secured by the partnership’s loan portfolio.  If there are no outstanding defaults on the line at the maturity date, the partnership has an option to convert the line of credit to a term loan that would be payable over 36 months. The outstandingBank Loan balance was $80,000,000, $85,000,000, and $29,450,000$16,789,000, at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The interest rate was 4.75%, 2.75% and 6.75% at December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.  The partnership may also be subject t o a 0.5% fee on specified balances in the event the line is not utilized.

The line of credit requires the partnership to comply with certain financial covenants.  As a result of reporting a net loss for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and for the year ended December 31, 2009, the partnership was in technical non-compliance with the profitability covenant set forth in the loan agreement.  In the fourth quarter of 2009,  the banks and the partnership entered into a forbearance agreement (through May 22, 2010) which included increasing the interest rate on the line of credit by 2.0 percentage points to the default rate (prime plus 1.5%) effective as of October 1, 2009 and  charging a forbearance fee of $148,000.  The increased rate and the forbearance fee caused the effective interest rate for 2009 to be 3.29% compared to 4.58% for 2008.  Other mo difications of the loan terms were a reduction of the revolving loan commitment to $80 million; suspension of the revolving facility; and assignment of unassigned notes receivable secured by mortgages as additional collateral.  The forbearance agreement allows the partnership to finance its real properties provided that funds obtained are used to reduce the unpaid principal balance of the line of credit.

The general partners expect to complete negotiation of a resolution of these covenant matters with the banks in the second quarter of 2010, and it believes that other than the reduction in earnings resulting from the increased interest rate, there will be no other material impact on the partnership’s financial position or results of operations during the negotiation period.  While the definitive terms of the resolution will not be known until negotiations are completed, the general partners anticipate that the partnership may be expected to continue pay down of the amount owing as cash becomes available from operations, loan payoffs, and property sales, that began in the fourth quarter of 2009  at amounts and terms to be negotiated.  Through March 31, 2010, the partnership made payments reducing the principal balance on the line of credit to $73 million.2011.


 
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Contractual Obligations

A summary of the contractual obligations of the partnership as of December 31, 2012 is set forth below ($ in thousands).
Contractual Obligation Total  Less than 1 Year  1-3 Years  3-5 Years 
Mortgages $47,293  $1,182  $25,635  $20,476 
Construction contracts  910   910       
Construction loans            
Rehabilitation loans            
                 
Total $48,203  $2,092  $25,635  $20,476 

The partnership has one property in San Francisco, California with a carrying value of $5,000,000 in construction with remaining construction costs of approximately $910,000.

Distributions to limited partners

At the time of their subscription to the partnership, limited partners must elect either to receive monthly, quarterly or annual cash distributions from the partnership, or to compound earningsprofits in their capital account. If an investor initially elects to receive monthly, quarterly or annual distributions, such election, once made, is irrevocable. If the investor initially elects to compound earningsprofits in his/hertheir capital account, in lieu of cash distributions, the investor may, after three (3) years, change the election and receive monthly, quarterly or annual cash distributions. EarningsProfits allocable to limited partners, who elect to compound earningsprofits in their capital account, will be retained by the partnership for making further loans or for other proper partnership purposes and such amounts will be added to such limited partners’ capital accounts. The percent of limited partnershipspartners electing distribution of allocated net income, if any, by weighted average to total partners’ capital was 45%56% for 2009, 41%2012, 54% for 20082011 and 39%50% for 2007.2010. In 2009, $4,898,0002012 and 2011, $2,459,000 and $2,688,000, respectively, was distributed to limited partners based on estimated net income; as the full year results of operations was a net loss, these amounts distributed were therefore a return of capital.

The partnership agreement also allows the limited partners to withdraw their capital account subject to certain limitations and penalties (see “Withdrawal From Partnership” in the Limited Partnership Agreement).  Once a limited partner’s initial five-year holding period has passed, the general partners expect to see an increase in liquidations due to the ability of limited partners to withdraw without penalty.  This ability to withdraw five years after a limited partner’s investment has the effect of providing limited partner liquidity and the general partners expect a portion of the limited partners to avail themselves of this liquidity.  This has the anticipated effect of increasing the net capital of the partnership, primarily through retained earnings during the offering period.  0;The general partners expect to see increasing numbers of limited partner withdrawals during a limited partner’s 5th through 10th anniversary, at which time the bulk of those limited partners who have sought withdrawal have been liquidated.  Since the five-year hold period for most limited partners has yet to expire, as of December 31, 2009, many limited partners may not as yet avail themselves of this provision for liquidation.  Limited partners made the following capital liquidations including early withdrawals during the past three years ended December 31 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 2007
           
Capital liquidations – without penalty $12  $4,717 $2,765
Capital liquidations – subject to penalty  185   2,437  1,001
           
Total $197  $7,154 $3,766

The total liquidations represent 0.06%, 2.14% and 1.21% of the limited partners’ ending capital for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  Withdrawal requests continued to rise throughout 2008 and 2009. In response to reduced cash flows due to reduced loan payoffs, increased loan delinquencies and increased needs for cash reserves necessary to protect and preserve the partnership’s assets, as of March 16, 2009, the partnership suspended all liquidation payments and announced that it willwould not be accepting new liquidation requests until further notice. Liquidation requests of approximately $2,700,000 remained unfulfilled at March 31, 2009 and liquidations for future periods are suspended until future notice. Liquidation requests submitted to Redwood after Ma rchMarch 16, 2009 are not deemed to be accepted, nor do they serve as placeholders for the submitting limited partner. In addition, since March 16, 2009, the partnership significantly reduced the amount of the cash distributions made to the limited partners, who had made the election to receive distributions of their pro-rata share of the net income. During the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership, after allocation of syndication costs, made distributions to limited partners of $10,896,000 and $21,265,000, respectively.

The partnership is unable to predict when liquidations will resume or distributions will increase, as it will depend on itsthe ability to collect monies due from borrowers and to dispose of real estate owned, or to receive net rental income from real estate owned, and on the improvement of general economic and capital market conditions and recovery of the real estate market. However, it is anticipated that liquidations will not resume for the remainder of 2010.  In the event the current economic downturn worsens, the disruption in the credit markets is prolonged, or liquidity in the partnership is otherwise further restricted, liquidations will continue to be suspended.2013.  For the foreseeable future, the partnership intends to utilize available cash flows to implementfund its normalbusiness operations, protect its security interests in properties, make real estate loans, and maintain its real estate holdings, and make pay down amounts due under its line of credit.owned. It is anticipated liquidation payments will resume only when the partnership’s cash flows improve to levels that enable the partnership to accomplish these objectives.resume lending business operations, provide consistent profitability, and the economy and the real estate and capital markets stabilize and return to normal levels of activity.


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Similarly, the partnership does not currently anticipate an increase in distribution amounts for the remainder of the year.  If borrowers continue to default on their loan obligations, if the partnership’s needs for cash increase substantially, or if income flows into the partnership decrease, then distributions could be reduced further or even suspended.in 2013.  As with the recovery of the real estate market and the economy generally, it is anticipated rebuilding earningsprofits and cash flows will be a slow process. It is not anticipated limited partners will see a quick or large increase in the earningsprofits or distributions. Rather, such increases, if any, are anticipated to grow slowly over time as the economy and the state of the partnership improves.


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In some cases in order to satisfy broker-dealers and other reporting requirements, the general partners have valued the limited partners’ interest in the partnership on a basis which utilizes a per unit system of calculation, rather than based upon the investors’ capital account. This information has been reported in this manner in order to allow the partnership to integrate with certain software used by the broker-dealers and other reporting entities. In those cases, the partnership will report to broker-dealers, trust companies and others a “reporting” number of units based upon a $1.00 per unit calculation. The number of reporting units provided will be calculated based upon the limited partner’s capital account value divided by $1.00. Each investor’s ca pitalcapital account balance is set forth periodically on the partnership account statement provided to investors. The reporting units are solely for broker-dealers requiring such information for their software programs and do not reflect actual units owned by a limited partner or the limited partners’ right or interest in cash flow or any other economic benefit in the partnership. Each investor’s capital account balance is set forth periodically on the partnership account statement provided to investors. The amount of partnership earningsprofits each investor is entitled to receive is determined by the ratio each investor’s capital account bears to the total amount of all investor capital accounts then outstanding. The capital account balance of each investor should be included on any FINRA member client account statement in providing a per unit estimated value of the client’s investment in the partnership in accordance with NASD Rule 2340.

While the general partners have set an estimated value for the Units, such determination may not be representative of the ultimate price realized by an investor for such Units upon sale. No public trading market exists for the Units and none is likely to develop. Thus, there is no certainty the Units can be sold at a price equal to the stated value of the capital account. Furthermore, the ability of an investor to liquidate his or her investment is limited subject to certain liquidation rights provided by the partnership, which may include early withdrawal penalties (See the section of the Prospectus entitled “Risk Factors - Purchase of Units is a long term investment”).

Current Economic Conditions.

The partnership makes loans secured by California real estate.  As a result, the health of the California economy and real estate market is of primary concern to the partnership.  The majority of the partnership’s loans are secured by property located in Northern California, dominated by loans made in the nine counties of the San Francisco Bay Area.  As of December 31, 2009, approximately 69 percent of the loans held by the partnership were located in the nine counties which comprise the San Francisco Bay Area region.

The California economy has slowed significantly during 2007, 2008 and 2009.  California unemployment increased from 6.1 percent in December of 2007 to 12.3 percent in December 2009.  The unemployment rate rose to over 12.5 percent in February 2010 and appears that it may go higher. The California economy is in a recession like the remainder of the nation.

Residential real estate values are important to the partnership as they provide the security behind the loans.  During 2008, residential real estate values declined from their previous levels in 2006 and 2007. In 2009 residential real estate values declined for most of the year until beginning to improve in the last few months of 2009.  According to the California Association of Realtors, in December 2008 the median price of an existing single-family home in California was $281,000, a 41.5 percent decrease from the $480,820 median for December 2007. During 2009 the median price continued to drop before turning around and ending the year at $306,820 a 8.4 percent increase from December 2008.   Sales volumes began to increase commencing in the in the second half of 2008.  The increased sales v olumes have helped to decrease inventories of homes.  The California Association of Realtors Inventory Index for existing single-family detached homes in December 2009 was 3.8 months and in December 2008 was 5.6 months, compared to 13.4 months for the same period in 2007.  The index indicates the number of months needed to deplete the supply of homes on the markets at the current sales rate.


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For the partnership loans outstanding at December 31, 2009, the partnership had an average loan-to-value of 69.57 percent computed based on appraised values and senior liens as of the date the loan was made.  This percentage does not account for any increases or decreases in property values since the date the loan was made, nor does it include any reductions in principal on senior indebtedness through amortization of payments after the loan was made.  Real estate values have declined during 2007 and 2008 and although they increased slightly in late 2009 the declines have placed significant upward pressure on the partnership’s loan-to-value ratio.

Contractual Obligations

A summary of the contractual obligations of the partnership as of December 31, 2009 is set forth below ($ in thousands).
Contractual Obligation Total  Less than 1 Year  1-3 Years  3-5 Years 
                 
Line of credit $80,000  $30,000  $50,000  $ 
Construction loans            
Rehabilitation loans  678   678       
                 
Total $80,678  $30,678  $50,000  $ 


PORTFOLIO REVIEW

Secured Loan Portfolio.

The partnership generally funds loans with a fixed interest rate and a five-year term. Approximately 35% of all loans outstanding provide for monthly payments of interest only, with the principal due in full at maturity.  The other loans require monthly payments of principal and interest, typically calculated on a 30 year amortization, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity.

The cash flow and the income generated by the real property securing the loan factor into the credit decisions, as does  the general creditworthiness, experience and reputation of the borrower. Such considerations though are subordinate to a determination that the value of the real property is sufficient, in and of itself, as a source of repayment.  The amount of the partnership’s loan combined with the outstanding debt and claims secured by a senior deed of trust on the property generally will not exceed a specified percentage of the appraised value of the property (the loan to value ratio or LTV) as determined by an independent written appraisal at the time the loan is made.  The loan-to-value ratio generally will not exceed 80% for residential properties (including apartments), 70% for commercial prope rties, and 50% for land.   The excess of the total debt, including the partnership’s loan, and the value of the collateral is the protective equity.

Secured loan portfolio unpaid principal balance activity is recapped in the table following for the years ended December, 31 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Beginning unpaid principal balance $363,037  $305,568 
New loans added  11,301   99,839 
Borrower repayments  (24,244)  (36,131)
Sale of loan     (4,072)
Foreclosures  (75,776)  (2,068)
Other  (5,873)  (99)
Ending unpaid principal balance $268,445  $363,037 


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Secured loans had the characteristics presented in the tables following at December 31($ in thousands).

   2009   2008 
         
Number of secured loans  110   143 
Secured loans – unpaid principal balance (or Principal) $268,445  $363,037 
         
Average secured loan $2,440  $2,539 
Average secured loan as percent of total secured loans  .91%  0.70%
Average secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  .78%  0.76%
         
Largest secured loan $37,923  $38,976 
Largest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  14.13%  10.74%
Largest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  12.18%  11.65%
Largest secured loan as percent of total assets  9.45%  9.17%
         
Smallest secured loan $67  $23 
Smallest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  0.03%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  0.02%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of total assets  0.02%  0.01%
         
Number of counties where security is located (all California)  28   33 
Largest percentage of secured loans in one county  30.05%  23.01%
         
Number of secured loans in foreclosure status  9   5 
Secured loans in foreclosure – unpaid principal balance $22,313  $6,165 
         
Number of secured loans with an interest reserve  1   7 
Interest reserves $244  $1,591 

As of December 31, 2009, the partnership’s largest loan, in the unpaid principal balance of $37,923,041 (representing 14.13% of outstanding secured loans and 9.45% of partnership assets) was secured by a condominium complex location in Sacramento County, California.  The loan bears interest at a rate of 9.25% and matures in January, 2010.

Larger loans sometimes increase above 10% of the secured loan portfolio or partnership assets as these amounts decrease due to limited partner withdrawals and loan payoffs and due to restructuring of existing loans.

 2009 2008 
Lien positionLoans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
First trust deeds59 $126,702 47%75 $190,765 53%
Second trust deeds48  141,131 53 64  171,096 47 
Third trust deeds3  612 0 4  1,176 0 
Total secured loans110  268,445 100%143  363,037 100%
Liens due other lenders at loan closing   291,912      343,399   
               
Total debt  $560,357     $706,436   
               
Appraised property value at loan closing  $805,457     $1,044,411   
               
Percent of total debt to appraised              
values (LTV) at loan closing (1)
   69.57%     67.64%  


34


(1)Based on appraised values and liens due other lenders at loan closing.  The loan to value computation does not take into account subsequent increases or decreases in security property values following the loan closing nor does it include decreases or increases of the amount owing on senior liens to other lenders by payments or interest accruals, if any. Property values likely have changed, particularly over the last two years, and the portfolio’s current loan to value ratio likely is higher than this historical ratio.

 2009 2008 
Property typeLoans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
Single family82 $185,663 69%106 $266,113 73%
Apartments7  11,411 4 8  10,727 3 
Commercial20  70,538 26 25  83,692 23 
Land1  833 1 4  2,505 1 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%143 $363,037 100%

Single family properties include owner-occupied and non-owner occupied single family homes, condominium units and condominium complexes.  From time to time, loan originations in one sector or property type become more active due to prevailing market conditions.  The current concentration of the partnership’s loan portfolio in condominium properties may pose additional or increased risks.  Recovery of the condominium sector of the real estate market is generally expected to lag behind that of single-family residences.  In addition, availability of financing for condominium properties has been, and will likely continue to be, constricted and more difficult to obtain than other properties types.  As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, $157,594,000 and $214,838,000, respectively, of the pa rtnership’s loans were secured by condominium properties

Condominiums may create unique risks for the partnership that are not present for loans made on other types of properties. In the case of condominiums, a board of managers generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium building, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the building, and the maintenance of that building, which may have an impact on the partnership loans that are secured by such condominium property.

Further, due to the nature of condominiums and a borrower's ownership interest therein, the partnership may have less flexibility in realizing on the collateral upon a default on the part of the borrower.  Among other things, the partnership must consider the governing documents of the homeowners association and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units, which may require an owner to obtain a public report prior to the sale of the units.

 2009 
MaturitiesLoans Principal Percent 
201024 $103,004 38%
201120  38,566 14 
201220  60,916 23 
201323  13,856 5 
20146  1,086 1 
Thereafter7  4,984 2 
Total future maturities100  222,412 83 
Matured at December 31, 200910  46,033 17 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%

It is the partnership’s experience that loans may be repaid or refinanced before, at or after the contractual maturity date.  On matured loans the partnership may continue to accept payments while pursuing collection of amounts owed from borrowers. Therefore, the above tabulation for scheduled maturities is not a forecast of future cash receipts.

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At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership had the following loans more than 90 days delinquent in interest payments and/or on nonaccrual status:

  2009  2008 
Secure loans more than 90 days delinquent        
Number of loans (1)
  25   21 
Unpaid principal balance $136,168  $83,576 
Advances  15,768   11,427 
Accrued interest  9,871   8,656 
         
Secured loans in non-accrual status        
Number of loans (1)
  26   12 
Unpaid principal balance $104,653  $39,683 
Foregone interest $3,078  $ 

(1)Secured loans more than 90 days delinquent include 24 and 7 loans in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as on non-accrual status.

At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership had the following loans past maturity:

  2009  2008 
Secured loans past maturity        
Number of loans (2)
  10   9 
Unpaid principal balance $46,033  $54,107 
Percent of loans  17.15%   14.90% 
Advances  2,930   11,309 
Accrued interest  2,809   6,672 

(2)Secured loans more than 90 days delinquent include eight and nine loans in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as past maturity.

Loans designated as impaired and the allowance for loan losses are presented and discussed under Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


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The following is a distribution of secured loans outstanding as of December 31, 2009 by California counties ($ in thousands).

  Total    
California County Secured Loans  Percent 
       
San Francisco Bay Area Counties      
San Francisco $80,664   30.05%
Contra Costa  48,517   18.07 
Alameda  38,802   14.45 
Santa Clara  7,917   2.95 
San Mateo  2,356   0.88 
Napa  4,478   1.67 
Solano  2,063   0.77 
Marin  935   0.35 
   185,732   69.19%
Other Northern California Counties        
Sacramento  41,983   15.64%
San Joaquin  4,817   1.79 
Fresno  4,057   1.51 
Amador  2,827   1.05 
Placer  1,310   0.49 
El Dorado  67   0.03 
Sutter  857   0.32 
Monterey  687   0.26 
All others  595   0.22 
   57,200   21.31%
Southern California Counties        
Los Angeles        
San Diego  16,782   6.25%
Riverside  2,568   0.96 
Santa Barbara  3,750   1.40 
Orange  274   0.10 
Ventura  694   0.25 
Kern  828   0.31 
San Bernardino  400   0.15 
   217   0.08 
   25,513   9.50%
Total $268,445   100.00%

The partnership also makes loans requiring periodic disbursements of funds.  As of December 31, 2009, there were five such loans.  These include loans for the ground up construction of buildings and loans for rehabilitation of existing structures. Interest on these loans is computed with the simple interest method and only on the amounts disbursed on a daily basis.

A summary of the status of the partnership’s loans, which are periodically disbursed as of December 31, 2009, is set forth below ($ in thousands).

 Complete ConstructionRehabilitation
Disbursed funds $  $20,090,000 
Undisbursed funds $  $678,000 

“Construction Loans” are determined by the management to be those loans made to borrowers for the construction of entirely new structures or dwellings, whether residential, commercial or multifamily properties.  For each such Construction Loan, the partnership has approved a maximum balance for such loan; however, disbursements are made in phases throughout the construction process.  As of December 31, 2009, the partnership had no commitments for Construction Loans.  Upon project completion construction loans are reclassified as permanent loans.  Funding of Construction loans is limited to 10% of the loan portfolio.

37



The partnership also makes loans, the proceeds of which are used to remodel, add to and/or rehabilitate an existing structure or dwelling, whether residential, commercial or multifamily properties and which, in the determination of management, are not construction loans.  Many of these loans are for cosmetic refurbishment of both interiors and exteriors of existing condominiums.  The refurbished units will then be sold to new owners, repaying the partnership’s loan. These loans are referred to by management as “Rehabilitation Loans”.  As of December 31, 2009 the partnership had $20,090,000 in Rehabilitation Loans where $678,000 remained to be disbursed for a combined total of $20,768,000.  While the partnership does not classify Rehabilitation Loans as Construction Loans, Rehabi litation Loans carry some of the same risks as Construction Loans.  There is no limit on the amount of Rehabilitation Loans the partnership may make.


Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (Not included as smaller reporting company)


Item 8 – Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

A – Consolidated Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII are included in Item 8:

·Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
·Consolidated Balance Sheets -for December 31, 20092012 and December 31, 20082011
·Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
·Consolidated Statements of Changes In Partners’ Capital for the years ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
·Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
·Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

B – Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules

The following consolidatedNo financial statement schedules ofare required to be filed because Redwood Mortgage InventorsInvestors VIII are included in Item 8.

·Schedule II  –  Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
·Schedule IV –  Loans on Real Estate

All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

38











REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP)
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
DECEMBER 31, 2009 AND 2008
AND FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS
IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009

a smaller reporting company.


 
39








TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page No.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm41
Consolidated Balance Sheets42
Consolidated Statements of Operations43
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital44
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows46
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements48
Supplemental Schedules
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts70
Schedule IV - Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Rule 12-29 Loans on Real Estate71




4019

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Partners
Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII
Redwood City, California

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII (a California limited partnership) as of December 31, 20092012 and 20082011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in partners' capital and cash flows for each of the threetwo years in the period ended December 31, 2009.2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII's internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion. A nAn audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII as of December 31, 20092012 and 20082011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the threetwo years in the period ended December 31, 20092012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Our audits were conducted for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. Schedules II and IV are presented for purposes of additional analysis and are not a required part of the basic consolidated financial statements.  Such information has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic consolidated financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.



/s/ ARMANINO McKENNA LLP
_____________________________
ARMANINO LLP
San Francisco,Ramon, California
March 31, 201029, 2013


 
4120

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 20092012 and 20082011
($ in thousands)

ASSETS
 
 2009 2008  2012 2011 
Cash and cash equivalents $11,161 $12,495  $18,943 $4,200 
          
Loans          
Secured by deeds of trust, net of discount of $2,976 for 2008     
Secured by deeds of trust     
Principal balances 268,445 363,037  60,870 73,386 
Advances 18,421 22,345  5,035 6,870 
Accrued interest 15,405 12,174  182 2,446 
Unsecured  453  108 44 
Allowance for loan losses  (23,086)  (11,420)  (19,815)  (22,035)
Net loans  279,185  352,070   46,380  60,711 
          
Real estate held for sale 8,102 5,113 
Real estate held for sale, net  48,406 
          
Real estate held as investment 102,833 20,580  181,333 161,402 
          
Receivable from affiliate 5  
     
Loan origination fees, net  112  96 
Other assets, net  1,119  680 
          
Total assets $401,398 $424,873  $247,775 $275,399 

LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
 
Liabilities          
Line of credit $80,000 $85,000 
Bank loan, secured $ $16,789 
Mortgages payable 1,680   47,293 43,681 
Accounts payable 1,756 199  3,162 7,625 
Deferred revenue   277 
Payable to affiliate  2,439  1,195   565  725 
Total liabilities  85,875  86,671   51,020  68,820 
          
Capital          
Partners’ capital          
Limited partners’ capital, subject to redemption, net of unallocated          
syndication costs of $1,365 and $1,716 for 2009 and 2008,     
respectively; and net of formation loan receivable of $11,261     
and $13,207 for 2009 and 2008, respectively 311,214 334,265 
syndication costs of $318 and $667 for 2012 and 2011,     
respectively; and net of formation loan receivable of $7,627 and $7,627     
for 2012 and 2011, respectively 196,081 204,137 
          
General partners’ capital, net of unallocated syndication costs of $14     
and $17 for 2009 and 2008, respectively  81  248 
General partners’ capital, net of unallocated syndication costs of $3 and     
$7 for 2012 and 2011, respectively  (1,025)  (968)
Total partners’ capital 311,295 334,513  195,056 203,169 
          
Non-controlling interest  4,228  3,689   1,699  3,410 
Total capital 315,523 338,202  196,755 206,579 
          
Total liabilities and capital $401,398 $424,873  $247,775 $275,399 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4221

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
($ in thousands, except for per limited partner amounts)

2009  2008  2007  2012 2011 
Revenues           
Revenues, net     
Interest income     
Loans            $1,387 2,011 
Interest$22,495  $33,141  $28,502 
Late fees 38   164   257 
Gain on sale of loan    119    
Total loan revenue22,533   33,424   28,759 
           
Imputed interest on formation loan 680   624   680  207 470 
Other interest 117   92   87 
Rental income 1,234       
Other 66   113   91 
Total revenues 24,630   34,253   29,617 
Other interest income  1  5 
Total interest income  1,595  2,486 
                
Interest expense                
Line of credit and other borrowings 3,116   2,724   1,977 
Amortization of discount on imputed interest 680   624   680 
Bank loan, secured 560 2,298 
Mortgages 2,400 2,317 
Amortization of discount on formation loan 207 470 
Other interest expense  1  90 
Total interest expense 3,796   3,348   2,657   3,168  5,175 
     
Net interest income/(expense) (1,573) (2,689)
     
Late fees 15 37 
Other  7  13 
Total revenues/(expense), net (1,551) (2,639)
                
Provision for loan losses 33,214   7,668   1,788  859 6,113 
                
Operating Expenses                
Mortgage servicing fees 2,722   2,669   1,449  722 2,604 
Asset management fees 1,305   1,282   1,143  840 938 
Clerical costs from Redwood Mortgage Corp. 450   364   333 
Costs from Redwood Mortgage Corp. 1,321 1,195 
Professional services 492   223   423  1,691 1,859 
Rental operations 1,566       
Impairment loss on real estate 729       
REO     
Rental operations, net (3,193) (2,228)
Holding costs 501 978 
Loss/(gain) on disposal (39) (521)
Impairment loss/(gain) 1,258 9,722 
Other 463   359   252   143  47 
Total operating expenses 7,727   4,897   3,600   3,244  14,594 
                
Net income (loss)$(20,107) $18,340  $21,572  $(5,654)  (23,346)
                
Net income (loss)                
General partners ( 1%)$(202) $183  $216 
General partners (1%) $(57) (233)
Limited partners (99%) (19,905)  18,157   21,356   (5,597)  (23,113)
$(20,107) $18,340  $21,572  $(5,654)  (23,346)
                
Net income (loss) per $1,000 invested by           
limited partners for entire period           
Net income (loss) per $1,000 invested by limited     
partners for entire period     
Where income is reinvested$(67) $53  $71  $(24) (89)
Where partner receives income in monthly distributions$(65) $52  $69  $(24) (93)


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4322

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
($ in thousands)

     Limited Partners 
  Investors  Capital        Total 
  In  Account  Unallocated  Formation  Limited 
  Applicant  Limited  Syndication  Loan,  Partners’ 
  Status  Partners  Costs  Gross  Capital 
                
Balances at December 31, 2006 $557  $284,596  $(1,743) $(12,693) $270,160 
Contributions on application  32,570             
Formation loan increases           (2,444)  (2,444)
Formation loan payments received           1,564   1,564 
Interest credited to partners in applicant status  28             
Interest withdrawn  (11)            
Transfers to partners’ capital  (32,652)  32,652         32,652 
Net income     21,356         21,356 
Syndication costs incurred        (418)     (418)
Allocation of syndication costs     (353)  353       
Partners’ withdrawals     (11,805)        (11,805)
Early withdrawal penalties     (93)  17   76    
                     
Balances at December 31, 2007  492   326,353   (1,791)  (13,497)  311,065 
Contributions on application  20,988             
Formation loan increases           (1,558)  (1,558)
Formation loan payments received           1,672   1,672 
Interest credited to partners in applicant status  11             
Transfers to partners’ capital  (21,491)  20,893         20,893 
Net income     18,157         18,157 
Syndication costs incurred        (322)     (322)
Allocation of syndication costs     (357)  357       
Partners’ withdrawals     (15,642)        (15,642)
Early withdrawal penalties     (216)  40   176    
                     
Balances at December 31, 2008     349,188   (1,716)  (13,207)  334,265 
Formation loan payments received           1,931   1,931 
Net income (loss)     (19,905)        (19,905)
Allocation of syndication costs     (348)  348       
Partners’ withdrawals     (5,077)        (5,077)
Early withdrawal penalties     (18)  3   15    
                     
Balances at December 31, 2009 $  $323,840  $(1,365) $(11,261) $311,214 

  Limited Partners 
             
     Unallocated       
     Syndication  Formation    
  Capital  Costs  Loan  Capital, net 
             
Balances at December 31, 2010 $238,581  $(1,016) $(9,372) $228,193 
Formation loan payments received        1,745   1,745 
Net income (loss)  (23,113)        (23,113)
Allocation of syndication costs  (349)  349       
Partners’ withdrawals  (2,688)        (2,688)
Early withdrawal penalties            
                 
Balances at December 31, 2011  212,431   (667)  (7,627)  204,137 
Formation loan payments received            
Net income (loss)  (5,597)        (5,597)
Allocation of syndication costs  (349)  349       
Partners’ withdrawals  (2,459)        (2,459)
Early withdrawal penalties            
                 
Balances at December 31, 2012 $204,026  $(318) $(7,627) $196,081 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


 
4423

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital (continued)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
($ in thousands)


  General Partners    
  Capital     Total    
  Account  Unallocated  General  Total 
  General  Syndication  Partners’  Partners’ 
  Partners  Costs  Capital  Capital 
             
Balances at December 31, 2006 $249  $(18) $231  $270,391 
                 
Formation loan increases           (2,444)
Formation loan payments received           1,564 
Capital contributed  31      31   32,683 
Net income  216      216   21,572 
Syndication costs incurred     (4)  (4)  (422)
Allocation of syndication costs  (4)  4       
Partners’ withdrawals  (212)     (212)  (12,017)
                 
Balances at December 31, 2007  280   (18)  262   311,327 
                 
Formation loan increases           (1,558)
Formation loan payments received           1,672 
Capital contributed  20      20   20,913 
Net income  183      183   18,340 
Syndication costs incurred     (3)  (3)  (325)
Allocation of syndication costs  (4)  4       
Partners’ withdrawals  (214)     (214)  (15,856)
                 
Balances at December 31, 2008  265   (17)  248   334,513 
                 
Formation loan payments received           1,931 
Capital contributed  35      35   35 
Net income (loss)  (202)     (202)  (20,107)
Partners’ withdrawals           (5,077)
Allocation of syndication costs  (3)  3       
                 
Balances at December 31, 2009 $95  $(14) $81  $311,295 
  General Partners    
     Unallocated     Total 
     Syndication     Partners’ 
  Capital  Costs  Capital, net  Capital 
             
Balances at December 31, 2010 $(724) $(10) $(734) $227,459 
Formation loan payments received           1,745 
Net income (loss)  (233)     (233)  (23,346)
Allocation of syndication costs  (3)  3       
Partners’ withdrawals  (1)     (1)  (2,689)
                 
Balances at December 31, 2011  (961)  (7)  (968)  203,169 
Formation loan payments received            
Net income (loss)  (57)     (57)  (5,654)
Allocation of syndication costs  (4)  4       
Partners’ withdrawals           (2,459)
                 
Balances at December 31, 2012 $(1,022) $(3) $(1,025) $195,056 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4524

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
($ in thousands)
 
 2009 2008 2007  2012 2011 
Cash flows from operating activities            
Net income (loss) $(20,107) $18,340 $21,572  $(5,654) (23,346)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to            
net cash provided by (used in) operating activities            
Amortization of origination fees 284 112 104 
Amortization of borrowings-related origination fees 302 807 
Imputed interest on formation loan (680) (624) (680) (207) (470)
Amortization of discount on formation loan 680 624 680  207 470 
Provision for loan losses 33,214 7,668 1,788  859 6,113 
Depreciation from rental operations 507   
Impairment loss on real estate 729     
Gain on sale of loan  (119)  
REO – depreciation, rental properties 2,328 1,872 
REO – depreciation, other properties 11  
REO – loss/(gain) on disposal (39) (521)
REO – impairment loss 1,114 10,248 
     
Change in operating assets and liabilities            
Accrued interest (8,922) (7,808) (2,749) 2,264 1,129 
Advances on loans (11,313) (20,054) (2,317) 1,625 (1,845)
Allowance for loan losses-recoveries 21 110 
Receivable from affiliate (5) 764 (764)  18 
Loan origination fees (300) (91) (117)
Other assets (741) (453)
Accounts payable (203) 137 (14) (4,507) (1,443)
Deferred revenue  (78) 355   (109)
Payable to affiliate  1,244  638  76   (160)  (248)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  (4,872)  (491)  17,934   (2,577)  (7,668)
            
Cash flows from investing activities            
Loans originated (11,301) (99,839) (137,635) (10,522) (348)
Principal collected on loans 24,244 35,923 91,134  17,401 17,118 
Proceeds from sale of loan  5,300  
Loans sold to affiliates 1,189 2,122 
Unsecured loan originated (64)  
Payments for development of real estate (3,762) (2,007) (2,096) (3,372) (646)
Rental operations net of depreciation (176)   
Cash acquired through foreclosure sales  828 
Proceeds from disposition of real estate  2,279  1,990  5,886   30,035  35,165 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities  11,284  (58,633)  (42,711)  34,667  54,239 
            
Cash flows from financing activities            
Borrowings (repayments) on line of credit, net (5,000) 55,550 (1,250)
Payments on bank loan (16,789) (33,211)
Mortgages taken 5,160  
Payments on mortgages (174) (325)   (1,548) (14,112)
Contributions by partner applicants 35 20,421 32,618 
Partners’ withdrawals (5,077) (15,856) (12,017) (2,459) (2,689)
Syndication costs paid  (325) (422)
Formation loan lending  (1,558) (2,444)
Formation loan collections 1,931 1,672 1,564 
Increase in minority interest  539  449  223 
Formation loan payments received  1,745 
Increase/(decrease) in non-controlling interest  (1,711)  (1,158)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities  (7,746)  60,028  18,272   (17,347)  (49,425)
            
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (1,334) 904 (6,505) 14,743 (2,854)
            
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year  12,495  11,591  18,096 
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1  4,200  7,054 
            
Cash and cash equivalents - end of year $11,161 $12,495 $11,591 
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31 $18,943  4,200 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4625

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011
($ in thousands)

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information            
Non-cash investing activities            
Loans foreclosed including related interest and advances $101,967  $1,994  $1,796 
Related loan loss reserve charge-offs upon foreclosure  (14,198)  (553)   
Mortgages taken subject to collateral foreclosure  1,854   325   844 
Real estate acquired through foreclosure on loans            
receivable $89,623  $1,766  $2,640 
             
Cash paid for interest $2,781  $2,612  $1,873 

  2012  2011 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information        
Non-cash investing activities        
Real estate acquired through foreclosure/settlement on loans,        
net of liabilities assumed $1,524  $58,327 
         
Cash paid for interest $2,960  $4,615 





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
4726

 


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL

Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, a California Limited Partnership, (“RMI VIII” or the “partnership”) was organized in 1993. The general partners of the partnership are Redwood Mortgage Corp. (“RMC”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Gymno LLC (“Gymno”), a California limited liability company, and Michael R. Burwell (“Burwell”), an individual, Gymno Corporation and Redwood Mortgage Corp. (RMC), both California corporations that are owned and controlled directly or indirectly, by Michael R. Burwell through his individual stock ownership and as trustee of certain family trusts.individual. The partnership was organized to engage in business as a mortgage lender for the primary purpose of making loans secured by deeds of trust on California real estate. Loans are being arranged and serviced by RMC.

The rights, duties Michael Burwell is the president and powersmajority shareholder (through his holdings and beneficial interests in certain trusts) of the general and limited partners of the partnership are governed by the limited partnership agreement and Sections 15611 et seq. of the California Corporations Code.

RMC. The general partners are solely responsible for managing the partnership business, subject to the voting rights of the limited partners on specified matters. Any one of the general partners acting alone has the power and authority to act for and bind the partnership. The general partners jointly or severally contributed, in accordance with the partnership agreement,are required to contribute to capital 1/10 of 1% of the aggregate capital contributions of the limited partners’ contributionspartners. As of December 31, 2012, the general partners had contributed capital in cash contributionsaccordance with Section 4.1 of the partnership agreement.

The rights, duties and powers of the general and limited partners of the partnership are governed by the limited partnership agreement and Sections 15900 et seq. of the California Corporations Code.

The partnership completed its sixth offering stage in 2008. No additional offerings are contemplated at this time. Sales commissions owed to securities broker/dealers in conjunction with the offerings, are not paid directly out of the offering proceeds by the partnership. These commissions are paid by RMC as consideration for the exclusive right to originate loans for RMI VIII. To fund the payment of these commissions, during the offering periods, the partnership lent amounts to RMC to pay all sales commissions and amounts payable in connection with unsolicited orders to invest (formation loan).

On the mortgage loans originated for RMI VIII, RMC may collect loan brokerage commissions (points) limited to an amount not to exceed four percent per year of the total partnership assets. The loan brokerage commissions are paid by the borrowers and thus, are not an expense of the partnership. The proceeds from loan brokerage commissions and other fees earned are the offerings were received fromsource of funds for the repayment of the formation loans by RMC.

Profits and losses are allocated among the limited partners.partners according to their respective capital accounts after one percent of profits and losses is allocated to the general partners, and are subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of quarterly and year-end accounting and reporting.

RMC, Gymno, and Burwell, as the general partners, are entitled to one percent of the profits and losses of RMI VIII. Beginning with calendar year 2010, and continuing until January 1, 2020, Gymno and RMC each assigned its right to one-third of one percent of profits and losses to Burwell in exchange for Burwell assuming one hundred percent of the general partners’ equity deficit.

A majority of the outstanding limited partnership interests may, without the permission of the general partners, vote to: (i) terminate the partnership, (ii) amend the limited partnership agreement, (iii) approve or disapprove the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership and (iv) remove or replace one or all of the general partners.

The approval of all the limited partners is required to elect a new general partner to continue the partnership business where there is no remaining general partner after a general partner ceases to be a general partner other than by removal.

Profits and losses are allocated amongMembers should refer to the limited partners according to their respective capital accounts monthly after 1%company's operating agreement for a more complete description of the profitsprovisions.


27



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and losses are allocated to the general partners.  The monthly results are subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of quarterly and year-end accounting and reporting.2011


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Election to receive monthly, quarterly or annual distributions

At the time of their subscription for units, investorspartners elect to receivehave distributed to them their monthly, quarterly or annual distributionsallocation of earnings allocations,profits, or to allow earningshave profits allocated to their capital accounts to compound. Subject to certain limitations, athose electing compounding investor may subsequently change his election, but an investor’stheir election. A partner’s election to have cash distributions is irrevocable.

Liquidity, capital withdrawals and early withdrawals

There are substantial restrictions on transferability of units and accordingly an investment in the partnership is non-liquid. Limited partners have no right to withdraw from the partnership or to obtain the return of their capital account for at least one year from the date of purchase of units.  These restrictions include but are not limited to availability of sufficient cash flow. The partnership does not establish a reserve from which to fund withdrawals and, accordingly, the partnership’s capacity to return a limited partner’s capital is restricted to the availability of partnership cash flow. Furthermore, no more than 20% of the total limited partners’ capital accounts outstanding at the beginning of any year, may be liquidated during any calendar year.

In order to provide a certain degree of liquidity to the limited partners after the one-year period, limited partners may withdraw all or part of their capital accounts from the partnership in four quarterly installments beginning on the last day of the calendar quarter following the quarter in which the notice of withdrawal is given, subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty. The 10% penalty is applicable to the amount withdrawn as stated in the notice of withdrawal and will be deducted from the capital account.


48


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Liquidity, capital withdrawals and early withdrawals (continued)

Once a limited partner has been in the partnership for the minimum five-year period, no penalty is imposed if withdrawal is made in twenty quarterly installments or longer. Notwithstanding the minimum withdrawal period, the general partners, at their discretion may liquidate all or part of a limited partner’s capital account in four quarterly installments beginning on the last day of the calendar quarter following the quarter in which the notice of withdrawal is given, subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty applicable to any sums withdrawn prior to the time when such sums could have been withdrawn without penalty.

The partnership does not establish a reserve from whichIn March 2009, in response to fund withdrawals and, accordingly, the partnership’s capacity to return a limited partner’s capital is restrictedeconomic conditions then existing, as to the availability of partnership cash flow.  Furthermore, no more than 20%financial-market crisis, the dysfunction of the total limited partners’ capital accounts outstanding atcredit markets, the beginningdistress in the real estate markets, and the expected cash needs of any year, may be liquidated during any calendar year.

As of March 16, 2009, the partnership, hasthe partnership suspended all capital liquidations and willis not be accepting new liquidation requests until further notice. In the fourth quarter of 2009 the partnership entered into a forbearance agreement with its banks and subsequently entered into an amended and restated loan agreement (dated October 2010) which included additional restrictions on liquidations and distributions of partners’ capital.  The bank loan was paid off in September 2012.


28



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Partnership offerings

At December 31, 2008, the partnership had completed its sixth offering stage, wherein contributed capital totaled $299,813,000 ofstage. Of approved aggregate offerings of $300,000,000.  Total$300,000,000, total partnership units sold were in the aggregate of $299,813,000.

Subscription funds received from purchasers of partnership units were not admitted to the partnership until subscription funds were required to fund a loan, fund the formation loan, create appropriate cash reserves, or to pay organizational expenses or other proper partnership purposes.  During the period prior to the time of admission, which was anticipated to be between 1 - 90 days, purchasers’ subscriptions remained irrevocable and did earn interest at money market rates, which were lower than the anticipated return on the partnership’s loan portfolio.  All subscription funds received were admitted to the partnership prior to 2008 year end.

During 2008 and 2007, interest totaling $11,000, and $28,000, respectively, was credited to partners in applicant status.  As loans were made and partners were transferred to regular status to begin sharing in partnership operating income, the interest credited was either paid to the investors or transferred to partners’ capital along with the original investment.

A recap of the offerings by the partnership follows.

-·  A minimum of $250,000 and a maximum of $15,000,000 in partnership units were initially offered through qualified broker-dealers. This initial offering closed in October 1996.

-·  December 1996, commenced a second offering of an additional $30,000,000 which closed on(closed August 30, 2000.2000)

·  August 2000, commenced offering of $30,000,000 (closed April 2002)
-·  October 2002, commenced offering of $50,000,000 (closed October 2003)
·  October 2003, commenced offering of $75,000,000 (closed August 2005)
·  August 31, 2000, commenced a third offering for an additional $30,000,000 which closed in April 2002.

-  October 30, 2002, commenced a fourth offering for an additional $50,000,000 which closed in October 2003.

-  October 7, 2003, commenced a fifth offering for an additional $75,000,000 which closed in August 2006.

-  August 4, 2005, commenced a sixth offering for an additionalof $100,000,000 which closed on(closed November 19, 2008.2008)

No additional offerings are contemplated at this time.

49


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Sales commissions - formation loans

Sales commissions are not paid directly by the partnership out of the offering proceeds. Instead, the partnership loans to RMC, one of the general partners, amounts to pay all sales commissions and amounts payable in connection with unsolicited orders.  This loan is unsecured and non-interest bearing and is referred to as the “formation loan.loan,

Information regarding and is being repaid equally over a ten year period commencing the year after the close of a partnership offering. The formation loan has been deducted from limited partners’ capital in the consolidated balance sheets. As payments on the formation loan are received from RMC, the deduction from capital will be reduced. Interest has been imputed at the market rate of interest in effect in the years the offering closed. If the general partners are removed and RMC is no longer receiving payments for services rendered, the formation loan is forgiven.

The formation loans made in conjunction with the offerings isare as follows:follows.

-·  For the initial offering ($15,000,000) totaled $1,075,000, which was 7.2% of limited partners’ contributions of $14,932,000.  As of December 31, 2006 this formation loan had been fully repaid.$14,932,000, and was repaid in 2006.

-·  For the second1996 offering ($30,000,000) totaled $2,272,000, which was 7.6% of limited partners’ contributions of $29,993,000.  It is being$29,993,000, and was repaid without interest, in ten equal annual installments of $201,000, which commenced on January 1, 2001, following the year the second offering closed.  Payments on this loan were also made during the offering period prior to the close of the offering.2010.

-·  For the third2000 offering ($30,000,000) totaled $2,218,000, which was 7.4% of the limited partners’ contributions of $29,999,000.  It$29,999,000, and is beingto be repaid, without interest, in ten annual installments of $178,000,$221,800, which commenced on January 1, 2003, following the year the third offering closed.  Payments on this loan were also made during the offering stage prior to the close of the offering.in 2003.

-·  For the fourth2002 offering ($50,000,000) totaled $3,777,000, which was 7.6% of the limited partnerspartners’ contributions of $49,985,000.  It$49,985,000, and is beingto be repaid, without interest, in ten annual installments of $365,000,$377,700, which commenced on January 1, 2004, following the year the fourth offering closed.  Payments on this loan were also made during the offering stage prior to the close of the offering.in 2004.

-·  For the fifth2003 offering ($75,000,000) totaled $5,661,000, which was 7.6% of the limited partnerspartners’ contributions of $74,904,000.  It$74,904,000, and is beingto be repaid, without interest, in ten annual installments of $526,000,$566,000, which commenced on January 1, 2007, following the year the fifth offering closed.  Payments on this loan were also made during the offering stage prior to the close of the offering.in 2007.

-·  For the sixth2005 offering ($100,000,000) totaled $7,564,000 as of December 31, 2008, which was 7.6% of the limited partnerspartners’ contributions of $100,000,000, through December 31, 2008.  An equal annual repayment schedule on this loan,and is to be repaid, without interest, in ten annual installments of $657,000,$756,400, which commenced in 2009.  Payments on this loan were being made during the offering stage prior to the close of the offering.

For the offerings, sales commissions paid to brokers ranged from 0% (units sold by general partners) to 9% of gross proceeds.  The partnership had anticipated the sales commissions would approximate 7.6% based on the assumption that 65% of investors will elect to reinvest earnings,profits, thus generating full 9% commissions. The actual sales commission percentage for all six offerings combined was 7.5%.


 
5029

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Sales commissions - formation loans (continued)

The following summarizes formation loan transactions at December 31, 2009 ($ in thousands):

  Initial  Subsequent  Third  Fourth  Fifth  Sixth    
  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of    
  $15,000  $30,000  $30,000  $50,000  $75,000  $100,000  Total 
Limited Partner                           
contributions $14,932  $29,993  $29,999  $49,985  $74,904  $100,000  $299,813 
                             
Formation Loan made $1,075  $2,272  $2,218  $3,777  $5,661  $7,564  $22,567 
Unamortized discount on                            
imputed interest     (6)  (43)  (125)  (525)  (1,614)  (2,993)
Formation Loan made, net  1,075   2,266   2,175   3,652   5,136   5,950   20,254 
Repayments to date  (991)  (1,956)  (1,487)  (2,218)  (2,363)  (1,651)  (10,666)
Early withdrawal penalties                            
applied  (84)  (173)  (137)  (100)  (141)  (5)  (640)
Formation Loan, net at                            
December 31, 2009     137   551   1,334   2,632   4,294   8,948 
Unamortized discount on                            
imputed interest     6   43   125   525   1,614   2,313 
Balance,                            
December 31, 2009 $  $143  $594  $1,459  $3,157  $5,908  $11,261 
                             
Percent loaned  7.2%  7.6%  7.4%  7.6%  7.6%  7.6%  7.5%

The formation loan has been deducted from limited partners’ capital in the consolidated balance sheets.  As amounts are collected from RMC, the deduction from capital will be reduced.  Interest has been imputed at the market rate of interest in effect at the date the offerings closed which ranged from 4.00% to 9.50%.  An estimated amount of imputed interest is recorded for offerings still outstanding.  During 2009, 2008, and 2007, $680,000, $624,000, and $680,000, respectively, were recorded related to amortization of the discount on imputed interest.

Syndication costs

The partnership bears its own syndication costs, other than certain sales commissions, including legal and accounting expenses, printing costs, selling expenses and filing fees.  Syndication costs are charged against partners’ capital and are being allocated to individual partners consistent with the partnership agreement.

Through December 31, 2009, syndication costs of $5,010 had been incurred by the partnership with the following distribution (in thousands):

Costs incurred $5,010 
Early withdrawal penalties applied  (189) 
Allocated to date  (3,442) 
     
December 31, 2009 balance $1,379 


51


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)

Syndication costs (continued)

Information regarding the syndication costs associated with the offerings is as follows:

-  For the initial offering ($15,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $600,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners.  Applicable gross proceeds were $14,932,000.  Related expenditures totaled $582,000 ($570,000 syndication costs plus $12,000 organization expense) or 3.9% of contributions.

-  For the second offering ($30,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $1,200,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners.  Gross proceeds of the second offering were $29,993,000.  Syndication costs totaled $598,000 or 2% of contributions.

-  For the third offering ($30,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $1,200,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners.  Gross proceeds of the third offering were $29,999,000.  Syndication costs totaled $643,000 or 2.1% of contributions.

-  For the fourth offering ($50,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $2,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners.  Gross proceeds of the fourth offering were $49,985,000.  Syndication costs totaled $658,000 or 1.3% of contributions.

-  For the fifth offering ($75,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $3,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners.  Gross proceeds of the fifth offering were $74,904,000.  Syndication costs totaled $789,000 or 1.1% of contributions.

-  Syndication costs attributable to the sixth offering ($100,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $4,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners.  As of December 31, 2008, the sixth offering had incurred syndication costs of $1,752,000 (1.75% of contributions).

Income taxes and Partners’ capital – tax basis

Income taxes – federal and state – are the obligation of the partners, if and when taxes apply, other than for the minimum annual California franchise tax paid by the partnership.

A reconciliation of partners’ capital in the consolidated financial statements to the tax basis of partners’ capital at December 31 is presented in the following table following (in($ in thousands).

   2009   2008 
         
Partners’ capital per consolidated financial statements $311,295  $334,513 
Unallocated syndication costs  1,379   1,733 
Allowance for loan losses  23,086   11,420 
Book vs. tax basis-real estate owned  798   1,614 
Formation loans receivable  11,261   13,207 
         
Partners’ capital - tax basis $347,819  $362,487 


52


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENERAL (continued)
  2012  2011 
Partners’ capital per consolidated financial statements $195,056  $203,169 
Unallocated syndication costs  321   674 
Allowance for loan losses  19,815   22,035 
Book vs. tax basis-real estate owned  (11,721)  (11,941)
Formation loans receivable  7,627   7,627 
Partners’ capital - tax basis $211,098  $221,564 

Term of the partnership

The partnership is scheduled to terminate on December 31,in 2032, unless sooner terminated as provided in the partnership agreement.


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The partnership’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the partnership, its 100%-ownedwholly-owned subsidiaries, Russian Hill Property Company, LLC, Borrette Property Company, LLC, Altura, LLC and Grand Villa Glendale, LLC, and the partnership’sits 72.5%-owned subsidiary, Larkin Property Company, LLC.subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications, not affecting previously reported net income or total partner capital, have been made to the previously issued consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Management estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Such estimates relate principally to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, including the valuation of impaired loans, (which itself requires determining the fair value of the collateral), and the valuation of real estate held for sale and held as investment, at acquisition and subsequently. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.

Collateral fair values are reviewed quarterly and the protective equity for each loan is computed. As used herein, “protective equity” is the arithmetic difference between the fair value of the collateral, net of any senior liens, and the loan balance, where “loan balance”balance�� is the sum of the unpaid principal, advances and the recorded interest thereon.interest. This computation is done for each loan (whether impaired or performing), and while loans secured by collateral of similar property type are grouped, there is enough distinction and variation in the collateral that a loan-by-loan, collateral-by-collateral analysis is appropriate.

30


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Management estimates (continued)

The fair value of the collateral is determined by exercise of judgment based on management’s experience informed by appraisals (by licensed appraisers), brokers’ opinion of values, and publicly available information on in-market transactions. Historically, it has been rare for determinations of fair valueIn some years (notably 2009, 2010 and to be made without substantial reference to current market transactions. However, in recent years,a lesser extent 2011 and 2012) due to the low levels of real estate transactions, and the risingan increased number of transactions that arewere distressed (i.e., that are executed by an unwilling seller – often compelled by lenders or other claimants - and/or executed without broad exposure or with market exposure but with few, if any, resulting offers), more interpretation, judgment and interpolation/extrapolation within and across property types is req uired.


53


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Management estimates (continued)was required.

Appraisals of commercial real property generally present three approaches to estimating value:  1) market comparables or sales approach; 2) cost to replace and 3) capitalized cash flows or investment approach. These approaches may or may not result in a common, single value. The market-comparables approach may yield several different values depending on certain basic assumptions, such as, determining highest and best use (which may or may not be the current use); determining the condition (e.g. as-is, when-completed, or for land when-entitled); and determining the unit of value (e.g. as a series of individual unit sales or as a bulk disposition). Further complicating thisIn some prior years, as has been previously noted, the appraisal process, already subject to judgment, uncertainty and imprecision arewas further complicated by the current low transaction volumes in the residential , commercialof which a very high percentage were considered to be distressed sales, and land markets, and the variability that has resulted.  This exacerbates the imprecision in the process, and requires additional considerations and inquiries as to whether the transaction was entered into by a willing seller into a functioningother poor market or was the transaction completed in a distressed market, with the predominant number of sellers being those surrendering properties to lenders in partial settlement of debt (as is prevalent in the residential markets and is occurring more frequently in commercial markets) and/or participating in “arranged sales” to achieve partial settlement of debts and claims and to generate tax advantage. Either way, the present market is at historically low transaction volumes with neither potential buyers nor sellers willing to transact.  In certain asset classes the time elapsed between transactions – other than foreclosures – was 12 or more months.

The uncertainty in the process is exacerbated by the tendency in distressed market for lesser-quality properties to transact while upper echelon properties remain off the market - or come on and off the market – because these owners believe in the intrinsic value of the properties (and the recoverability of that value) and are unwilling to accept non-economic offers from opportunistic – often all cash – acquirers taking advantage of distressed markets. This accounts for the ever lower transaction volumes for better and upper echelon properties which exacerbate the perception of a broadly declining market in which each succeeding transaction establishes a new low.conditions.

Management has the requisite familiarity with the markets itthe partnership lends in generally and of the collateral properties lent on specifically to analyze sales-comparables and assess their suitability/applicability. Management is acquainted with market participants – investors, developers, brokers, lenders – that are useful, relevant secondary sources of data and information regarding valuation and valuation variability. These secondary sources may have familiarity with and perspectives on pending transactions, successful strategies to optimize value, and the history and details of specific properties - on and off the market - that enhance the process and analysis that is particularly and principally germane to establishing value in distressed markets and/or property types in (such as land held for development and for units in a con dominiumcondominium conversion). Multiple inputs from different sources often collectively provide the best evidence of fair value. In these cases expected cash flows would be considered alongside other relevant information. Management’s analysis of these secondary sources, as well as the analysis of comparable sales, assists management in preparing its estimates regarding valuations, such as collateral fair value. However, such estimates are inherently imprecise and actual results could differ significantly from such estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

The partnership considers all highly liquid financial instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Periodically, partnership cash balances in banks exceed federally insured limits.


31


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Loans and interest income

Loans and advances generally are stated at the unpaid principal balance.balance (principal). Management has discretion to pay amounts (advances) to third parties on behalf of borrowers to protect the partnership’s interest in the loan. Advances include, but are not limited to, the payment of interest and principal on a senior lien to prevent foreclosure by the senior lien holder, property taxes, insurance premiums, and attorney fees. Advances generally are stated at the unpaid principal balance and accrue interest until repaid by the borrower.

The partnership may fund a specific loan origination net of an interest reserve to insure timely interest payments at the inception (one to two years) of the loan. As monthly interest payments become due, the partnership funds the payments into the affiliated trust account.

54


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Loans and interest income (continued)

If based upon current information and events, and or changes in circumstances cause managementit is probable the partnership will be unable to have serious doubts aboutcollect all amounts due according to the collectibilitycontractual terms of the payments of interest and principal in accordance with the loan agreement, then a loan may be designated as impaired. Impaired loans are included in management’s periodic analysis of recoverability. AnyIf a valuation allowance had been established on an impaired loan, any subsequent payments on impaired loans are applied to late fees and then to reduce first the accrued interest, then advances, and then unpaid principal balances.principal.

From time to time, the partnership negotiates and enters into contractual workout agreementsloan modifications with borrowers whose loans are past maturity or who are delinquentdelinquent. If the loan modification results in making payments which can delay and/or altera significant reduction in the loan’s cash flow compared to the original note, the modification is deemed a troubled debt restructuring and delinquency status.a loss is recognized. In the normal course of the partnership’s operations, loans that mature may be renewed at then current market rates and terms for new loans. Such renewals are not designated as impaired, unless the matured loan was previously designated as impaired.

Interest is accrued daily based on the unpaid principal balance of the loans. An impaired loan continues to accrue as long as the loan is in the process of collection and is considered to be well-secured. Loans are placed on non-accrual status at the earlier of management’s determination that the primary source of repayment will come from the foreclosure and subsequent sale of the collateral securing the loan (which usually occurs when a notice of sale is filed) or when the loan is no longer considered well-secured. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the accrual of interest is discontinued; however, previously recorded interest is not reversed. A loan may return to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal payments become current in accordance with the te rmsterms of the loan agreement.

Allowance for loan losses

Loans and the related accrued interest and advances are analyzed on a periodic basis for ultimate recoverability. Delinquencies are identified and followed as part of the loan system. Delinquencies are determined based upon contractual terms. For impaired loans, a provision is made for loan losses to adjust the allowance for loan losses to an amount considered by management to be adequate, with due consideration to collateral values, such that the net carrying amount (unpaid principal balance, plus advances, plus accrued interest less the specific allowance) is reduced to the present value of future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, if a loan is collateral dependent, to the estimated fair value of the related collateral net of any senior loans, which would include co stsnet of any costs to sell in arriving at net realizable value if planned disposition of the asset securing a loan is by way of sale.

The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and may require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers.

Loans that are determined not to be individually impaired are grouped by the property type of the underlying collateral, and for each loan and for the total by property type, the amount of protective equity or amount of exposure to loss (i.e., the dollar amount of the deficiency of the fair value of the underlying collateral to the loan balance) is computed.


32



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Allowance for loan losses (continued)

Based on its knowledge of the borrowers and their historical (and expected) performance, and the exposure to loss as indicated in the analysis, management estimates an appropriate reserve by property type for probable credit losses in the portfolio. Because the partnership is an asset-based lender, except as to owner-occupied residences, and because specific regions, neighborhoods and even properties within the same neighborhoods, vary significantly as to real estate values and transaction activity, general market trends, which may be indicative of a change in the risk of a loss, are secondary to the condition of the property, the property type and the neighborhood/region in which the property is located, and do not enter substantially into the determination of the amount of the non-specific (i.e. general) reserves.

The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and may require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers. The partnership charges off uncollectible loans and related receivables directly to the allowance account once it is determined the full amount is not collectible.


55


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Real estate owned (REO) held for sale

Real estateREO, held for sale includes real estate acquired in full or partial settlement of loan obligations generally through foreclosure that is being marketed for sale. Real estateREO, held for sale is recorded at acquisition at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan, plus any senior indebtedness, or at the property’s net realizable value, which is the fair value less estimated costs to sell, as applicable. Any excess of the recorded investment in the loan over the net realizable value is charged against the allowance for loan losses. The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and often require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers. The estimates figure materially in calculating the value of the property at acquisition, the level of charge to the allowance for loan losses and any subsequent valuation reserves. After acquisition, costs incurred relating to the development and improvement of property are capitalized to the extent they do not cause the recorded value to exceed the net realizable value, whereas costs relating to holding and disposition of the property are expensed as incurred. After acquisition, real estateREO, held for sale is analyzed periodically for changes in fair values and any subsequent write down is charged to operating expenses. Any recovery in the fair value subsequent to such a write down is recorded – not to exceed the net realizable value at acquisition - as an offset to operating expenses. Gains or losses on sale of the property are recorded in other income oras an operating expense. Recognition of gains on the sale of real estate is dependent upon the transaction meeting certain criteria related to the nature of the proper typroperty and the terms of the sale including potential seller financing.

Real estate held as investment

Real estateowned (REO), held as investment, net

REO, held as investment, net includes real estate acquired in full or partial settlement of loan obligations generally through foreclosure that is not being marketed for sale and is either being operated, such as rental properties; is being managed through the development process, including obtaining appropriate and necessary entitlements, permits and construction; or are idle properties awaiting more favorable market conditions. Real estateREO, held as investment, net is recorded at acquisition at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan, plus any senior indebtedness, or at the property’s estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell, as applicable.net. After acquisition, costs incurred relating to the development and improvement of the property are capitalized, whereas costs relating to operating or holding the property are expensed. Subsequent to acquisition, management pe riodicallyperiodically compares the carrying value of real estate to expected undiscounted future cash flows for the purpose of assessing the recoverability of the recorded amounts. If the carrying value exceeds future undiscounted cash flows, the assets are reduced to estimated fair value.

Rental income

RentalResidential rental lease agreements arelengths generally range from month to month up to one year, and commercial rental lease lengths generally range from five to ten years, with rental income recognized when earned in accordance with the lease agreement.


33



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Depreciation

Real estate owned held foras investment that is being operated is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the property once the asset is placed in service.

Net income per $1,000 invested

Amounts reflected in the statements of income as net income per $1,000 invested by limited partners for the entire period are amounts allocated to limited partners who held their investment throughout the period and have elected to either leave their earningsprofits to compound or have elected to receive periodic distributions of their net income. Individual income is allocated each month based on the limited partners’ pro rata share of partners’ capital. Because the net income percentage varies from month to month, amounts per $1,000 will vary for those individuals who made or withdrew investments during the period, or selected other options.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU 2011-04 “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820):  Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRs”. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011 with prospective application. The partnership’s adoption of ASU 2011-04 effective January 1, 2012 had no impact on the financial results of the partnership.


NOTE 3 – GENERAL PARTNERS AND OTHER RELATED PARTIES

The general partners are entitled to one percent of the profits and losses, which amounted to approximately $(57,000) and $(233,000) for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Formation loan

The formation loan transactions are summarized in the following table at December 31, 2012 ($ in thousands).

  Initial  1996  2000  2002  2003  2005    
  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of  Offering of    
  $15,000  $30,000  $30,000  $50,000  $75,000  $100,000  Total 
Limited Partner                           
contributions $14,932  $29,993  $29,999  $49,985  $74,904  $100,000  $299,813 
                             
Formation Loan $1,075  $2,272  $2,218  $3,777  $5,661  $7,564  $22,567 
Unamortized discount on                            
Formation loan        (2)  (31)  (238)  (1,018)  (1,289)
Formation Loan, net  1,075   2,272   2,216   3,746   5,423   6,546   21,278 
Repayments  (991)     (2,099)  (1,883)  (2,948)  (3,414)  (2,962)  (14,297)
Early withdrawal penalties  (84)     (173)  (137)  (100)  (142)  (7)  (643)
Formation Loan, net at                            
December 31, 2012        196   698   1,867   3,577   6,338 
Unamortized discount on                            
Formation loan        2   31   238   1,018   1,289 
Balance,                            
December 31, 2012 $  $  $198  $729  $2,105  $4,595  $7,627 
                             
Percent loaned  7.2%     7.6%  7.4%  7.6%  7.6%  7.6%  7.5%


 
5634

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) approved the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (Codification) as the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Codification was issued on July 1, 2009 and will be effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  Upon the Codification issuance only one level of authoritative GAAP exists, other than guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. All other accounting literature excluded from the Codification is considered non-authoritative. All references to GAAP will now use the new Codification (ASC) numbering system.  The Codification did not have a material impact on the partnership’s accounting polices.

In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for that Asset is Not Active, with an immediate effective date.  The purpose of this release was to provide further clarification regarding Level 3 inputs and the assumptions management may make when the market for the asset is not active.  In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly, with an effective date for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption being permitted.  The pu rpose of this release was to provide additional guidance for estimating fair value in accordance with SFAS 157, when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased.  This release also includes guidance on identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly.  The adoption of these releases did not have a material impact on the partnership’s financial condition and results of operation.  These releases, along with SFAS 157, FSP 157-1 and FSP 157-2 are now included in ASC 820.

In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 107-1 (ASC 825) and APB 28-1 (ASC 825), Interim Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, with an effective date for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption being permitted if one also early adopts FSP FAS 157-4.  The purpose of this release is to require disclosure about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements and to require those disclosures in summarized financial information at interim reporting periods.  The adoption of this release did not have a material impact on the partnership’s disclosures.


NOTE 3 – GENERAL PARTNERS AND OTHER RELATED PARTIES (continued)

Formation loan (continued)

Interest has been imputed at the market rate of interest in effect at the date the offerings closed which ranged from 4.00% to 9.50%. During 2012 and 2011, $207,000 and $470,000, respectively, were recorded related to amortization of the discount on imputed interest.

The future minimum payments on the formation loan are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

2013 $ 
2014   
2015  1,898 
2016  1,674 
2017  1,323 
Thereafter  2,732 
Total $7,627 

RMC acts as the broker in originating mortgage loans for RMI VIII. The corresponding brokerage commissions paid by borrowers from mortgage loans made by these funds are the primary source of cash used to repay the formation loans. RMI VIII was prohibited by its lending banks from originating new loans under the terms of an Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated October 2010, and a preceding forbearance agreement that was in effect in the fourth quarter of 2009, until the bank loan was repaid in full, September 2012. The amended loan and forbearance agreements were the result of a technical (i.e. non-payment) covenant default under the original loan. As a result, RMC was deprived of the opportunity to receive brokerage commissions on loans by RMI VIII for the period from the fourth quarter of 2009 continuing through September 30, 2012, a period of almost three years. During that period, despite receiving no loan brokerage commissions, RMC continued to make the annual formation loan payments of approximately $1.8 million per year (or $5.4 million for the three years) from its own cash reserves that existed as of the date of the forbearance agreement. RMC believes it would have had a reasonable argument that the annual formation loan payments should be suspended until such time as lending by RMI VIII was permitted to resume and brokerage commissions could be earned, but RMC elected not to make such a proposal and, instead, continued to make annual formation loan payments due to concerns that the lending banks would view nonpayment of the formation loan as another technical loan default that might have led to a “distressed sale” liquidation of RMI VIII’s assets, resulting in substantial loss of limited partners’ capital.

As the bank loan was fully repaid as of September 2012, RMC has temporarily suspended annual formation loan payments, beginning with the payment due December 31, 2012, for the three-year period then beginning, which is a period commensurate with the period during which lending by RMI VIII was prohibited and RMC was deprived of loan brokerage commissions.

The following are commissions and/or fees that are paid by the borrowers to the general partners orand their affiliates:affiliates and are not an expense of the partnership.

Mortgage brokerageBrokerage commissions, loan originations

For fees in connection with the review, selection, evaluation, negotiation and extension of loans, the general partners may collect loan brokerage commissions (points) limited to an amount not to exceed 4% of the total partnership assets per year.  TheIn 2012 and 2011, loan brokerage commissions paid to the general partners by the borrowers were $116,000 and $0, respectively.


35


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 3 – GENERAL PARTNERS AND OTHER RELATED PARTIES (continued)

Other fees

The partnership agreement provides for other fees such as reconveyance, mortgage assumption and mortgage extension fees. Such fees are incurred by the borrowers and are paid to the general partners. In 2012 and 2011, these fees totaled $1,826 and $2,980, respectively.

The following commissions and fees are paid by the borrowers and thus, are not an expense of the partnership.  In 2009, 2008 and 2007, loan brokerage commissions paid by the borrowers were $129,000, $1,182,000 and $2,932,000 respectively.partnership to RMC.

Mortgage servicing fees

RMC a general partner, receives monthlymay earn mortgage servicing fees of up to 1/8 of 1% (1.5% annually)1.5% annually of the unpaid principal balance of the loan portfolio or such lesser amount as is reasonable and customary in the geographic area where the property securing the mortgage is located.located from RMI VIII. Historically, RMC has charged 1.0%one percent annually, and at times waived additional amounts to enhanceimprove the partnership’s earnings. Such fee waivers were not made for the purpose of providing the partnership with sufficient funds to satisfy withdrawal requests, nor were such waivers made in order to meet any required level of distributions, as the partnership has no such required level of distributions. RMC does not use any specific criteria in determining the exact amount of fees, if any, to be waived.

57


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes The decision to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008waive fees and 2007


NOTE 3 – GENERAL PARTNERS AND RELATED PARTIES (continued)

Mortgage servicing fees (continued)the amount, if any, to be waived, is made by RMC in its sole discretion.

Mortgage servicing fees paid to RMC by the partnership are presented in the following table following for the years ended December 31, (in($ in thousands).

  2009  2008  2007 
Maximum chargeable $4,534  $5,128  $4,158 
Waived  (1,812)  (2,459)  (2,709)
Net charged $2,722  $2,669  $1,449 
  2012  2011 
Chargeable by RMC $1,083  $3,906 
Waived by RMC  (361)  (1,302)
Charged $722  $2,604 

Asset management feefees

The general partners receive monthly fees for managing the partnership’s loan portfolio and operations of up to 1/32 of 1% of the “net asset value” (3/8 of 1% annually). At times, the general partners have charged less than the maximum allowable rate to enhance the partnership’s earnings. The general partners doSuch fee waivers were not made with the purpose of providing the partnership with sufficient funds to satisfy withdrawal requests, nor to meet any required level of distributions, as the partnership has no such required level of distributions. RMC does not use any specific criteria in determining the exact amount of fees, if any, to be waived. The decision to waive fees and the amount, if any, to be waived, is made by RMC in its sole discretion.

Asset management fees paid to the general partners are presented in the table following for the past years ended December 31, (in thousands).2012 and 2011 were $840,000 and $938,000, respectively. No asset management fees were waived during any period reported.

  2009  2008  2007 
Maximum chargeable $1,305  $1,282  $1,143 
Waived         
Net charged $1,305  $1,282  $1,143 

Other fees

The partnership agreement provides for other fees such as reconveyance, mortgage assumption and mortgage extension fees. Such fees are incurred by the borrowers and are paid to the general partners.

Clerical costsCosts from Redwood Mortgage Corp.

RMC a general partner, is reimbursed by the partnership for all operating expenses incurred on behalf of the partnership, including without limitation, out-of-pocket general and administration expenses of the partnership, accounting and audit fees, legal fees and expenses, postage and preparation of reports to limited partners.partners, and out-of-pocket general and administration expenses. The decision to request reimbursement of any qualifying charges is made by RMC in its sole discretion. During 2009, 20082012 and 2007,2011, operating expenses totaling $450,000, $364,000$1,321,000 and $333,000,$1,195,000, respectively, were reimbursed to RMC. To the extent some operating expenses incurred on behalf of RMI VIII were not charged by RMC, the financial position and results of operations for the partnership would be different.


36


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 3 – GENERAL PARTNERS AND RELATED PARTIES (continued)

Syndication costs

The partnership bears its own syndication costs, other than certain sales commissions, including legal and accounting expenses, printing costs, selling expenses and filing fees. Syndication costs are charged against partners’ capital and are being allocated to individual partners consistent with the partnership agreement.

Through December 31, 2012, syndication costs of $5,010,000 had been incurred by the partnership with the following distribution ($ in thousands).

Costs incurred $5,010 
Early withdrawal penalties applied  (190)
Allocated to date  (4,499)
     
December 31, 2012 balance $321 

The syndication costs associated with the offerings is as follows.

·  For the initial offering ($15,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $600,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners. Applicable gross proceeds were $14,932,000. Related expenditures totaled $582,000 ($570,000 syndication costs plus $12,000 organization expense) or 3.9% of gross proceeds.

·  For the 1996 offering ($30,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $1,200,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners. Gross proceeds of the offering were $29,993,000. Syndication costs totaled $598,000 or 2% of gross proceeds.

·  For the 2000 offering ($30,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $1,200,000 with any excess being paid by the general partners. Gross proceeds of the offering were $29,999,000. Syndication costs totaled $643,000 or 2.1% of gross proceeds.

·  For the 2002 offering ($50,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $2,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners. Gross proceeds of the offering were $49,985,000. Syndication costs totaled $658,000 or 1.3% of gross proceeds.

·  For the 2003 offering ($75,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $3,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners. Gross proceeds of the offering were $74,904,000. Syndication costs totaled $789,000 or 1.1% of gross proceeds.

·  For the 2005 offering ($100,000,000) were limited to the lesser of 10% of the gross proceeds or $4,000,000 with any excess to be paid by the general partners. Gross proceeds of the offering were $100,000,000. Syndication costs totaled $1,752,000 or 1.75% of gross proceeds.



37


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 4 – LOANS

The partnership generally funds loans with a fixed interest rate and a five-year term. Approximately halfAs of allDecember 31, 2012, approximately 51% of the partnership’s loans (representing 52% of the aggregate principal balance of the partnership’s loan portfolio) have a five year term or less from loan inception. The remaining loans have terms longer than five years.

As of December 31, 2012, approximately 41% of the loans outstanding (representing 83% of the aggregate principal balance of the partnership’s loan portfolio) provide for monthly payments of interest only, with the principal due in full at maturity. The otherremaining loans require monthly payments of principal and interest, typically calculated on a 30 year amortization, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity.

The partnership makes construction and rehabilitation loans which are not fully disbursed at loan inception. The partnership has approved the borrowers up to a maximum loan balance; however, disbursements are made periodically during completion phases of the construction or rehabilitation or at such other times as required under the loan documents and would be funded from available cash balances and future cash receipts. The partnership does not maintain a separate cash reserve to hold the undisbursed obligations, which are intended to be funded. As of December 31, 2012, there was one such loan; however, the borrower is in default negating any funding obligation.

Loans unpaid principal balance (principal)

Secured loan transactions are summarized in the following table for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Principal, January 1 $73,386  $202,134 
Loans funded or acquired  10,522   348 
Principal collected  (17,401)  (17,118)
Loans sold to affiliates  (1,189)  (2,122)
Foreclosures  (3,728)  (101,991)
Other – loans charged off against allowance  (720)  (8,031)
Principal, December 31 $60,870  $73,386 

During 2012 and 2011, the partnership renewed four and two loans, respectively, with an aggregate principal of approximately $967,000 and $597,000, respectively that were not included in the activity shown on the table above.


 
5838

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

The cash flow and the income generated by the real property securing the loan factor into the credit decisions, as does  the general creditworthiness, experience and reputation of the borrower. Such considerations though are subordinate to a determination that the value of the real property is sufficient, in and of itself, as a source of repayment.  The amount of the partnership’s loan combined with the outstanding debt and claims secured by a senior deed of trust on the property generally will not exceed a specified percentage of the appraised value of the property (the loan to value ratio or LTV) as determined by an independent written appraisal at the time the loan is made.  The loan-to-value ratio generally will not exceed 80% for residential properties (including apartments), 70% for commercial prope rties, and 50% for land.   The excess of the total debt, including the partnership’s loan, and the value of the collateral is the protective equity.

Secured loan portfolio unpaid principal balance activity is recapped in the table following for the years ended December, 31 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Beginning unpaid principal balance $363,037  $305,568 
New loans added  11,301   99,839 
Borrower repayments  (24,244)  (36,131)
Sale of loan     (4,072)
Foreclosures  (75,776)  (2,068)
Other  (5,873)  (99)
Ending unpaid principal balance $268,445  $363,037 

The partnership’s loans are at fixed rates of interest that ranged from 5.00% to 11.00% at December 31, 2009 and 5.00% to 12.50% at December 31, 2008.


59


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)Loan characteristics

Secured loans had the characteristics presented in the tables following at December 31($table ($ in thousands).

   2009   2008 
Number of secured loans  110   143 
Secured loans – unpaid principal balance (or Principal) $268,445  $363,037 
         
Average secured loan $2,440  $2,539 
Average secured loan as percent of total secured loans  .91%  0.70%
Average secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  .78%  0.76%
         
Largest secured loan $37,923  $38,976 
Largest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  14.13%  10.74%
Largest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  12.18%  11.65%
Largest secured loan as percent of total assets  9.45%  9.17%
         
Smallest secured loan $67  $23 
Smallest secured loan as percent of total secured loans  0.03%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of partners’ capital  0.02%  0.01%
Smallest secured loan as percent of total assets  0.02%  0.01%
         
Number of counties where security is located (all California)  28   33 
Largest percentage of secured loans in one county  30.05%  23.01%
         
Number of secured loans in foreclosure status  9   5 
Secured loans in foreclosure – unpaid principal balance $22,313  $6,165 
         
Number of secured loans with an interest reserve  1   7 
Interest reserves $244  $1,591 
  2012  2011 
Number of secured loans  39   49 
Secured loans – principal $60,870  $73,386 
Secured loans – lowest interest rate (fixed)  3.00%  3.00%
Secured loans – highest interest rate (fixed)  12.00%  12.00%
         
Average secured loan – principal $1,561  $1,498 
Average principal as percent of total principal  2.56%  2.04%
Average principal as percent of partners’ capital  0.80%  0.74%
Average principal as percent of total assets  0.63%  0.54%
         
Largest secured loan – principal $16,697  $16,675 
Largest principal as percent of total principal  27.43%  22.72%
Largest principal as percent of partners’ capital  8.56%  8.21%
Largest principal as percent of total assets  6.74%  6.05%
         
Smallest secured loan – principal $87  $92 
Smallest principal as percent of total principal  0.14%  0.12%
Smallest principal as percent of partners’ capital  0.04%  0.05%
Smallest principal as percent of total assets  0.04%  0.03%
         
Number of counties where security is located (all California)  19   21 
Largest percentage of principal in one county  46.18%  24.51%
         
Number of secured loans in foreclosure status  6   7 
Secured loans in foreclosure – principal $1,910  $21,915 
         
Number of secured loans with an interest reserve      
Interest reserves $  $ 

As of December 31, 2009,2012, the partnership’s largest loan, in the unpaid principal balance of $37,923,041$16,697,000 (representing 14.13%27.43% of outstanding secured loans and 9.45%6.74% of partnership assets) washas an interest rate of 10.00% and is secured by 9 units in a condominium complex locationlocated in SacramentoSan Francisco County, California. This loan matured February 1, 2011. The loan bears interest at a ratepartnership is working with the borrower regarding the disposition of 9.25% and matures in January, 2010.the remaining units.

Larger loans sometimes increase above 10% of the secured loan portfolio or partnership assets as these amounts decrease due to limited partner withdrawals and loan payoffs and due to restructuring of existing loans.

 2009 2008 
Lien positionLoans Principal Percent Loans��Principal Percent 
First trust deeds59 $126,702 47%75 $190,765 53%
Second trust deeds48  141,131 53 64  171,096 47 
Third trust deeds3  612 0 4  1,176 0 
Total secured loans110  268,445 100%143  363,037 100%
Liens due other lenders at loan closing   291,912      343,399   
               
Total debt  $560,357     $706,436   
               
Appraised property value at loan closing  $805,457     $1,044,411   
               
Percent of total debt to appraised              
values (LTV) at loan closing (1)
   69.57%     67.64%  


 
6039

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

Lien position

At funding secured loans had the following lien positions and are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

 2012 2011 
 Loans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
First trust deeds17 $33,785 56%21 $29,361 40%
Second trust deeds21  26,789 44 26  43,523 59 
Third trust deeds1  296  2  502 1 
Total secured loans39  60,870 100%49  73,386 100%
Liens due other lenders at loan closing   80,875      114,550   
               
Total debt  $141,745     $187,936   
               
Appraised property value at loan closing  $199,392     $275,909   
               
Percent of total debt to appraised              
values (LTV) at loan closing (1)
   71.10%     68.12%  

(1)Based on appraised values and liens due other lenders at loan closing. The loan to value computation does not take into account subsequent increases or decreases in security property values following the loan closing nor does it include decreases or increases of the amount owing on senior liens to other lenders by payments or interest accruals, if any. Property values likely have changed, particularly over the last twofour years, and the portfolio’s current loan to value ratio likely is higher than this historical ratio.

 2009 2008 
Property typeLoans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
Single family82 $185,663 69%106 $266,113 73%
Apartments7  11,411 4 8  10,727 3 
Commercial20  70,538 26 25  83,692 23 
Land1  833 1 4  2,505 1 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%143 $363,037 100%
Property type

Secured loans summarized by property type are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

 2012 2011 
 Loans Principal Percent Loans Principal Percent 
Single family31 $46,295 76%37 $52,085 71%
Multi-family2  2,557 4 3  4,609 6 
Commercial5  11,479 19 8  16,149 22 
Land1  539 1 1  543 1 
Total secured loans39 $60,870 100%49 $73,386 100%

Single family properties include owner-occupied and non-owner occupied single family homes (1-4 unit residential buildings), condominium units, townhouses, and condominium complexes. From time to time, loan originations in one sector or property type become more active due to prevailing market conditions. The current concentration of the partnership’s loan portfolio in condominium properties may pose additional or increased risks. Recovery of the condominium sector of the real estate market is generally expected to lag behind that of single-family residences. In addition, availability of financing for condominium properties has been, and will likely continue to be, constricted and more difficult to obtain than other propertiesproperty types. As of December 31, 20092012 and 2008, $157,594,0002011, $36,855,000 and $214,838,000,$40,907,000, respectively, of the pa rtnership’spartnership’s loans were secured by condominium propertiesproperties.

40


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

Property type (continued)

Condominiums may create unique risks for the partnership that are not present for loans made on other types of properties. In the case of condominiums, a board of managers generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium building, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the building, and the maintenance of that building, which may have an impact on the partnership loans that are secured by such condominium property.

Further, due to the nature of condominiums and a borrower's ownership interest therein, theThe partnership may have less flexibility in realizingforeclosing on the collateral for a loan secured by condominiums upon a default on the part ofby the borrower. Among other things, the partnership must consider the governing documents of the homeowners association and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units, which may require an owner to obtain a public report prior to the sale of the units.

 2009 
MaturitiesLoans Principal Percent 
201024 $103,004 38%
201120  38,566 14 
201220  60,916 23 
201323  13,856 5 
20146  1,086 1 
Thereafter7  4,984 2 
Total future maturities100  222,412 83 
Matured at December 31, 200910  46,033 17 
Total secured loans110 $268,445 100%
Distribution by California counties

The distribution of secured loans outstanding by the California county in which the primary collateral is located is presented in the following table at December 31, 2012 ($ in thousands).

California County Principal Percent 
San Francisco Bay Area Counties      
San Francisco $28,115 46.18%
Contra Costa  17,927 29.44 
Santa Clara  3,182 5.23 
Alameda  1,682 2.76 
Solano  1,641 2.70 
San Mateo  665 1.09 
Napa  411 0.68 
Marin  180 0.30 
   53,803 88.38%
Other Northern California Counties      
Sacramento  2,518 4.14%
Calaveras  196 0.32 
Monterey  183 0.30 
Butte  115 0.19 
San Benito  98 0.16 
   3,110 5.11%
Southern California Counties      
Riverside  2,140 3.52%
Los Angeles  817 1.34 
Orange  588 0.97 
San Bernardino  196 0.32 
Kern  121 0.20 
San Diego  95 0.16 
   3,957 6.51%
Total $60,870 100.00%


 
6141

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

Scheduled maturities

Secured loans are scheduled to mature as presented in the following table ($ in thousands).


Scheduled maturities at December 31, 2012Loans Principal Percent 
20137 $1,861 4%
20142  2,355 4 
20158  14,032 23 
20162  3,265 5 
20174  1,409 2 
Thereafter2  1,462 2 
Total future maturities25  24,384 40 
Matured at December 31, 201214  36,486 60 
Total secured loans39 $60,870 100%

It is the partnership’s experience that loans may be repaid or refinanced before, at or after the contractual maturity date. OnFor matured loans, the partnership may continue to accept payments while pursuing collection of amounts owed from borrowers. Therefore, the above tabulation for scheduled maturities is not a forecast of future cash receipts.

At December 31, 2009The partnership reports maturity data based upon the most recent contractual agreement with the borrower. The table above includes one loan with an aggregate principal of $3,085,000 which had its maturity date extended, which is considered impaired and 2008, the partnership hadis in non-accrual status, and four other loans with an aggregate principal of $967,000 which are renewals.

Matured loans

Secured loans past maturity are summarized in the following loans more than 90 days delinquenttable ($ in interest payments and/or on nonaccrual status:thousands).

  2009  2008 
Secure loans more than 90 days delinquent        
Number of loans (1)
  25   21 
Unpaid principal balance $136,168  $83,576 
Advances  15,768   11,427 
Accrued interest  9,871   8,656 
         
Secured loans in non-accrual status        
Number of loans (1)
  26   12 
Unpaid principal balance $104,653  $39,683 
Foregone interest $3,078  $ 
  2012  2011 
Number of loans (2) (3)
  14   9 
Principal $36,486  $40,393 
Advances  5,014   6,829 
Accrued interest  61   1,608 
Loan balance $41,561  $48,830 
Percent of principal  60%  55%

(1)Secured(2)The secured loans more than 90 days delinquentpast maturity include 2412 and 78 loans as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, also included in the secured loans in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as on non-accrual status.

At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the partnership had the following loans past maturity:

  2009  2008 
Secured loans past maturity        
Number of loans (2)
  10   9 
Unpaid principal balance $46,033  $54,107 
Percent of loans  17.15%   14.90% 
Advances  2,930   11,309 
Accrued interest  2,809   6,672 

(2)Secured(3)The secured loans more than 90 days delinquentpast maturity include eight10 and nine7 loans as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, also included in 2009 and 2008, respectively, shown above as past maturity.the secured loans delinquency.

The partnership had 14.13% of its receivable balance due from one borrower at December 31, 2009.  Interest revenue for this borrower accounted for approximately 15.22% of interest revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Impaired loans are summarized and presented in the table following for the years ended December 31 ($ in thousands).

  Number  Total  Total  Impaired  Average     Interest 
  of  Impaired  Investment  Loans’  Investment  Interest  Income 
  Impaired  Loan  Impaired  Loss  Impaired  Income  Received 
Year Loans  Balance  Loans  Reserve  Loans  Accrued  In Cash 
2009  29  $146,956  $174,175  $20,884  $115,225  $9,367  $2,495 
2008  12  $39,683  $56,274  $6,956  $28,137  $3,699  $509 
2007    $  $  $  $  $  $ 


 
6242

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

During 2009 and 2008 the partnership restructured twenty-two and fifteen loans, respectively, by either extending the maturity date, lowering the interest rate or reducing the monthly payment.  During 2009 and 2008, two and six of these restructurings required accounting treatment resulting in losses of $604,000 and $2,482,000, respectively.Delinquency

In the third quarter of 2008, the partnership was presented with an unsolicited offer to sell a more than 90 days delinquent loan.  At the time of sale, the loan balance plus related accrued interest, advances and late charges totaled $5,166,000.  The recognized gain on sale was $119,000.


NOTE 5 – ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

Activity in the allowance for loan losses isSecured loans summarized by payment delinquency are presented in the following table following for($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Past due        
30-89 days $783  $5,370 
90-179 days  2,062   1,254 
180 or more days  19,033   34,911 
Total past due  21,878   41,535 
Current (4)
  38,992   31,851 
Total secured loans $60,870  $73,386 

(4)The partnership reports delinquency based upon the most recent contractual agreement with the borrower. At December 31, 2011 a loan with a principal of approximately $4,000,000 is shown as current as all past due amounts were received in early January 2012. Also at December 31, 2011, a loan with a principal of approximately $16,500,000 is shown as current as it was a new loan created from two past due loans on which the borrower made a payment of $3,000,000 in December 2011, and has been making timely scheduled payments on the new loan.

At December 31, 2012, the partnership had four workout agreements in effect with an aggregate principal of $1,126,000. Of the four borrowers, three, with an aggregate principal of $709,000 had made all required payments under the workout agreements and the loans were included in the above table as current. All of the loans with a workout agreement in effect were designated impaired and three of the four impaired loans with an aggregate principal of $866,000 were in non-accrual status.

At December 31, 2011, the partnership had eight workout agreements in effect with an aggregate principal of $4,255,000. Of the eight borrowers, seven, with an aggregate principal of $3,590,000 had made all required payments under the workout agreements and the loans were included in the above table as current. Six of the eight loans, with an aggregate principal of $3,649,000 were designated impaired and four of the six impaired loans with an aggregate principal of $1,131,000 were in non-accrual status.

Interest income accrued on loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments during the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).2012 and 2011 was $50,000 and $112,000, respectively. Accrued interest on loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments at December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $14,000 and $1,458,000, respectively.

  2009  2008 
Balance at beginning of year $11,420  $4,469 
         
Provision for loan losses  33,214   7,668 
         
Charge-offs, net        
Charge-offs  (21,548)  (717)
Recoveries        
Charge-offs, net  (21,548)  (717)
         
Balance at end of year $23,086  $11,420 
         
Ratio of charge-offs, net during the period to average        
secured loans outstanding during the period  6.58%  0.21%

The composition of the allowance for loan losses and the percentage of unpaid principal balance for each property type were as follows ($ in thousands):

  2009  2008 
  Amount Percent  Amount Percent 
Allowance for loan losses applicable to:            
             
Secured loans by property type            
Single family $15,431 69% $10,116 73%
Apartments  526 4   125 3 
Commercial  6,968 26   1,016 23 
Land  161 1   50 1 
Total secured loans $23,086 100% $11,307 100%
             
Unsecured loans $ 100% $113 100%
             
Total allowance for loan losses $23,086 100% $11,420 100%

 
6343

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

Loans in non-accrual status

Secured loans in nonaccrual status are summarized in the following table ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Secured loans in nonaccrual status        
Number of loans  18   19 
Principal $43,352  $62,739 
Advances  5,028   6,859 
Accrued interest  11   2,259 
Loan balance $48,391  $71,857 
Foregone interest $3,255  $3,957 

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there was one loan with a loan balance of $99,000 and $195,000, respectively, that were contractually 90 or more days past due as to principal or interest and not in non-accrual status.

Impaired Loans

Impaired loans had the balances shown and the associated allowance for loan losses presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Principal $45,964  $66,318 
Recorded investment (5)
 $51,054  $75,496 
Impaired loans without allowance $9,611  $32,363 
Impaired loans with allowance $41,443  $43,133 
Allowance for loan losses, impaired loans $19,560  $21,535 

(5)Recorded investment is the sum of principal, advances, and interest accrued for financial reporting purposes.

Impaired loans had the average balances and interest income recognized and received in cash as presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Average recorded investment $66,898  $143,783 
Interest income recognized $195  $695 
Interest income received in cash $612  $277 

Modifications and troubled debt restructurings

During 2012, the partnership modified five loans by extending the maturity date, and/or lowering the interest rate, and/or changing the loan from interest only to an amortizing loan. Two of the modified loans qualified as a troubled debt restructuring under GAAP resulting in no losses being recorded.

During 2011, the partnership modified seven loans by extending the maturity date, lowering the interest rate or reducing the monthly payment. These loans were deemed impaired and are carried at the value of the collateral.


44


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 4 – LOANS (continued)

Allowance for loan losses

Activity in the allowance for loan losses is presented in the following table for the years ended December 31 ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Balance, January 1 $22,035  $89,200 
         
Provision for loan losses  859   6,113 
         
Charge-offs, net        
Charge-offs  (3,100)  (73,388)
Recoveries  21   110 
Charge-offs, net  (3,079)  (73,278)
         
Balance, December 31 $19,815  $22,035 
         
Ratio of charge-offs, net during the period to average        
secured loans outstanding during the period  4.32%  45.57%

The composition of the allowance for loan losses and the percentage of unpaid principal balance for each property type are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
  Amount Percent  Amount Percent 
Allowance for loan losses            
             
Secured loans by property type            
Single family $19,255    76   % $21,475    71   %
Multi-family  60    4   60    6 
Commercial  490    19      490    22    
Land  10    1   10    1 
Total for secured loans $19,815    10 0% $22,035    10 0%
             
Unsecured loans $—    10 0% $—    10 0%
             
Total allowance for loan losses $19,815    10 0% $22,035    10 0%



45


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 65 – REAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD FOR SALE

Periodically, management reviews the status of the owned properties to evaluate among other things, their asset classification. Properties generally are acquired through foreclosure. Several factors are considered in determining the classification of owned properties as “real estate held for sale” or “real estate held as investment”.investment.” These factors include, but are not limited to, real estate market conditions, status of any required permits, repair, improvement or development work to be completed, rental and lease income and investment potential. Real estate owned is classified as held for sale in the period in which the GAAP required criteria are met. As a property’s status changes, reclassifications may occur.

The following schedules for real estate held for sale reflect theTransactions and activity, andincluding changes in the net realizablebook values, if any, and the property types are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Balance at the beginning of the year $5,113  $3,979 
Acquisitions  9,113   1,766 
Dispositions  (2,278)  (695)
Improvements/betterments     63 
Charge-offs  (3,117)   
Change in net realizable value  (729)   
Balance at the end of the year $8,102  $5,113 
         
Number of properties  7   2 
         
Property type        
Single family $7,725  $5,113 
Apartments  377    
Balance at the end of the year $8,102   5,113 
  2012  2011 
Balance, January 1 $48,406  $54,206 
Acquisitions     15,959 
Dispositions  (30,003)  (26,600)
Improvements/betterments  447   160 
Designated from REO held as investment     8,929 
Designated to REO held as investment  (18,337)   
Change in net book value  (513)  (4,248)
Balance, December 31 $  $48,406 
         
Property type        
Single family $  $4,334 
Multi-family     16,672 
Commercial     27,400 
Balance, December 31 $   48,406 
         
Number of properties, December 31     9 

During 2012, the partnership designated four properties to REO held as investment.  Of the properties listed in the tables as dispositions in 2012, the partnership recorded an aggregate investment gain of approximately $39,000.

Properties included at December 31, 2011 were located in the following California counties: Humboldt, Los Angeles, Napa, San Francisco, and San Joaquin. During 2011, the partnership acquired two properties by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, in which properties the partnership had an aggregate investment of $15,959,000 as of the respective acquisition dates. One acquired property was subject to a lien senior to the partnership’s interests, and the partnership’s share of the lien was $107,000 as of the acquisition date. Of the properties listed in the tables as dispositions in 2011, the partnership incurred an aggregate investment loss of $(124,000).


 
6446

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 5 – REAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD FOR SALE (continued)

The results of operations NOI (“Net Operating Income”) for rental properties in REO held for sale is presented in the following table ($ in thousands). The table below reflects rental operations, net for those properties classified as REO, held for sale during December 31, 2012 and 2011.

  2012  2011 
Rental income $28  $1,192 
         
Operating expenses        
Administration and payroll  9   210 
Homeowner association fees  1   10 
Receiver fees  14   75 
Utilities and maintenance  13   589 
Advertising and promotions     1 
Property taxes  (3)  206 
Other     39 
Total operating expenses  34   1,130 
Net operating income  (6)  62 
Depreciation     41 
Rental operations, net $(6) $21 

Interest expense on the mortgages securing the rental properties was $2,000 and $640,000 for 2012 and 2011, respectively.

The results of rental operations for rental properties in REO held for sale for 2012, are for two properties sold prior to March 31, 2012. REO held for sale at June 30, 2012 which were designated as REO held as investment in 2012 are presented as if the reclassification had occurred on January 1, 2012.

During the fourth quarter of 2012 the partnership sold the following property.
-  A commercial property located in San Francisco County, California.  The property was sold for its carrying value after taking into account any previously recorded valuation reserve.
-  A tenant-in-common unit located in San Francisco County, California. The unit had a gain on sale of approximately $4,000.

During the third quarter of 2012 the partnership sold a single-family residence located in Humboldt County, California. The sale resulted in a recovery of approximately $14,000 to an impairment recorded in the second quarter of 2012.

During the second quarter of 2012 the partnership sold the following properties.
-  A commercial property/development site located in San Francisco, County, California. The sale resulted in a gain of approximately $168,000. As part of the sale, the partnership took back a loan of $10,500,000 secured by the property.
-  A tenant-in-common unit located in San Francisco County, California. The unit had a loss on sale of approximately $127,000.

During the first quarter of 2012 the partnership sold the following properties.
-  1 condominium unit and 3 tenants-in-common units, all located in San Francisco County, California. The units had an aggregate loss on sale of approximately $6,000.
-  A mixed-use property consisting of a single-family residence, winery and vineyard, located in Napa County, California. The property was sold for its carrying value after taking into account any previously recorded valuation reserve.

47



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 5 – REAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD FOR SALE (continued)

In the fourth quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired through foreclosure a single-family residence in Humboldt County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $260,000 and was subject to a mortgage loan with a balance at acquisition of approximately $107,000.

In the third quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired through foreclosure, a commercial property/development site located in San Francisco County, California, currently operating as a parking lot. The property is adjacent to the proposed TransBay terminal and is zoned for a high-rise building. The recorded investment was approximately $15,700,000.

During the third quarter of 2011, the partnership designated as REO held for sale, two condominium units acquired in the second quarter of 2011, designated as REO held as investment. One of the units sold in November 2011 and the other unit sold in January 2012. These two sales resulted in a gain of approximately $172,000.


NOTE 76 – REAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD AS INVESTMENT, NET

Real estateFor REO, held as investment, includes real estate generally acquired through foreclosure that is not being marketed for sale presently.  The following schedules for real estate held as investment reflect the activity in net book value (NBV) and changes in the net realizable values andimpairment reserves are summarized in the property typesfollowing table for the years ended December 31 ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008 
Balance at the beginning of the year $20,580  $19,630 
Acquisitions  80,510    
Dispositions      
Improvements/betterments  2,250   1,799 
Designated real estate held as investment      
Depreciation  (507)   
Change in net realizable value      (849)
Balance at the end of the year $102,833  $20,580 
         
Number of properties  8   4 
         
Property type        
Single family $4,140  $3,858 
Multi-unit  93,662   13,502 
Land  5,031   3,220 
Total $102,833  $20,580 
         
Accumulated depreciation        
Balance at the beginning of the year $  $ 
Depreciation  507    
Balance at the end of the year $507  $ 
  NBV  Accumulated Depreciation 
  2012  2011  2012  2011 
Balance, January 1 $161,402  $115,411  $3,594  $1,807 
Acquisitions  1,649   70,350       
Dispositions  7   (8,044)  (7)  (85)
Improvements/betterments  2,925   486       
Designated from REO held for sale  18,337          
Designated to REO held for sale     (8,929)        
Changes in net book values (NBV)  (648)  (6,000)      
Depreciation  (2,339)  (1,872)  2,339   1,872 
Balance, December 31 $181,333  $161,402  $5,926  $3,594 

The following schedule reflectsDuring 2012, the operating results of the real estatepartnership designated four properties to REO held as investment previously designated as REO held for sale.

REO, held as investment, summarized by property type is presented in the years endedfollowing table as of December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2009  2008  2007 
Rental income $1,234  $  $ 
             
Operating expenses            
Property taxes  352       
Management, administration and insurance  374       
Utilities, maintenance and other  255       
Advertising and promotions  78       
Total operating expenses  1,059         
Earnings/(loss) before depreciation  175       
Depreciation  507       
Earnings/(loss) $(332) $  $ 



 2012 2011 
 Properties NBV Properties NBV 
Property type          
Residential          
Single family (1)
4 $$14,624 2 $4,984 
Apartments1  376    
Condominiums (2)
4  68,448 3  65,633 
Fractured Condominiums (3)
10  72,292 10  73,262 
Commercial (4)
4  20,683 3  12,493 
Land (5)
2  4,910 2  5,030 
Total REO, held as investment, net25 $181,333 20 $161,402 


 
6548



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 6 – REAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD AS INVESTMENT, NET (continued)

(1)  Properties of note at December 31, 2012 include.
A property under construction of two separate units, with a carrying value of $5,000,000 with remaining construction costs of approximately $910,000. At December 31, 2011, the carrying value of the property was $3,148,000 with remaining construction costs of approximately $2,154,000.  The property is located in San Francisco, California. A property with 7 remaining of the 13 original tenants-in-common units, with a book value of approximately $6,398,000.  The units may be further developed or sold “as is”.  At December 31, 2011, the book value of the 9 remaining units was approximately $12,609,000.  The property is located in San Francisco, California
(2)  Includes units in condominium complexes wholly owned by the partnership.
(3)  Includes units in condominium complexes partially owned by the partnership.
(4)  Includes one development property located in Long Beach, California, presently zoned and entitled as commercial, being developed and re-entitled to residential.  At December 31, 2012 and 2011 the net book value of the property was approximately $8,824,000 and $8,250,000, respectively.
(5)  Includes at December 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately 12 acres located in Ceres, California with no zoning restrictions, and 13 acres located in San Rafael, California, presently zoned residential.

REO, held as investment, summarized by geographic area is presented in the following table as of December 31, ($ in thousands).

 20122011 
 Non-RentalRentalNon-RentalRental 
 No.NBVNo.NBVNo.NBVNo. NBV 
San Francisco2$11,3985$17,9621$3,1414 $14,235 
San Francisco Bay Area (6)
1 1,2107 22,5531 1,2107  23,371 
Northern California (6)
2 5,3355 45,4801 3,8204  45,992 
Southern California1 8,8242 68,571 2  69,633 
Total REO Held as investment6$26,76719$154,5663$8,17117 $153,231 

(6)  Excluding line(s) above.

Rental properties summarized by property type is presented in the following table ($ in thousands).
  2012  2011 
Property type Units  Properties  NBV  Units  Properties  NBV 
Residential                  
Single family  1   1  $1,592   1   1  $1,843 
Apartments  8   1   376          
Condominiums (7)
  220   4   68,447   212   3   65,633 
Fractured Condominiums (8)
  440   10   72,292   440   10   73,262 
Commercial  3   3   11,859   3   3   12,493 
Total rental properties  672   19  $154,566   656   17  $153,231 

(7)  Includes units in condominium complexes wholly-owned by the partnership.
(8)  Includes units in condominium complexes where some units had been sold prior to the partnership’s acquisition.

49

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 86BORROWINGS

Bank Line of creditREAL ESTATE OWNED (REO), HELD AS INVESTMENT, NET (continued)

The partnership has a bank lineearnings/(loss) from rental operations of creditthe real estate owned, held as investment is presented in the maximum amount of the lesser of (1) $85,000,000, (2) one-third of partners’ capital, or (3) the borrowing base as defined in the credit agreement.  The line of credit matures on June 30, 2010, carries an interest rate on borrowings at prime less 0.50% and is secured by the partnership’s loan portfolio.  If there are no outstanding defaults on the line at the maturity date, the partnership has an option to convert the line of credit to a term loan that would be payable over 36 months. The outstanding balance was $80,000,000, $85,000,000, and $29,450,000 at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The interest rate was 4.75%, 2.75% and 6.75% at December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.  The partnership may also be subject t o a 0.5% fee on specified balances in the event the line is not utilized.

The line of credit requires the partnership to comply with certain financial covenants.  As a result of reporting a net lossfollowing table for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and for the yearyears ended December 31 2009, the partnership was($ in technical non-compliance with the profitability covenant set forth in the loan agreement.  In the fourth quarter of 2009,  the banks and the partnership entered into a forbearance agreement (through May 22, 2010), which included increasing the interest ratethousands).

  2012  2011 
Rental income $11,557  $8,200 
         
Operating expenses        
Administration and payroll  1,431   893 
Homeowner association fees  865   381 
Receiver fees  239   410 
Utilities and maintenance  1,238   930 
Advertising and promotions  128   80 
Property taxes  1,849   1,278 
Other  280   190 
Total operating expenses  6,030   4,162 
Net operating income  5,527   4,038 
Depreciation  2,328   1,831 
Rental operations, net $3,199  $2,207 

Interest expense on the line of credit by 2.0 percentage points tomortgages securing the default rate (prime plus 1.5%) effective as of October 1, 2009rental properties was $2,395,000 and charging a forbearance fee of $148,000.  The increased rate$1,675,000 for 2012 and the forbearance fee caused the effective interest rate for 2009 to be 3.29% compared to 4.58% for 2008.  Other m odifications of the loan terms were a reduction of the revolving loan commitment to $80 million; suspension of the revolving facility; and assignment of unassigned notes receivable secured by mortgages as additional collateral.  The forbearance agreement allows the partnership to finance its real properties provided that funds obtained are used to reduce the unpaid principal balance of the line of credit.2011, respectively.

The general partners expect to complete negotiation of a resolution of these covenant matters with the banks inDuring the second quarter of 2010, and it believes that other than the reduction in earnings resulting from the increased interest rate, there will be no other material impact on the partnership’s financial position or results of operations during the negotiation period.  While the definitive terms of the resolution will not be known until negotiations are completed, the general partners anticipate that the partnership may be expected to continue pay down of the amount owing as cash becomes available from operations, loan payoffs, and property sales, that began in the fourth quarter of 2009  at amounts and terms to be negotiated.  Through March 31, 2010, the partnership made payments reducing the principal balance on the line of credit to $73 million.

Mortgages payable

In July 2009, the partnership acquired two units in a condominium complex through a deed in lieu of foreclosure, subject to a senior lien on each unit of $363,000 and $408,000, respectively.  The partnership has been making the required monthly payments under the senior mortgage while completing efforts to sell the units.

In July 2009, the partnership acquired two units in a condominium complex through a deed in lieu of foreclosure, subject to a senior lien of $838,000 on both units.  The partnership has been making the required monthly payments under the senior mortgage while completing efforts to sell the units.

In February 2009,2012, the partnership acquired through foreclosure a single-family residence subjectpartially completed home subdivision in Fresno County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $1,649,000.

In the fourth quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired through foreclosure condominium units (14) in a 41 unit building in San Francisco County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $2,860,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to a senior mortgageoversee rental operations of $245,000the units.

In the third quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired five properties through foreclosure.

-  Condominium units (4) in a 37 unit building in Alameda County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $600,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.

-  Multi-family complex in Sacramento County, California. The partnership acquired 257 of the 280 units. The recorded investment was approximately $41,000,000. The property was subject to a mortgage loan with a balance at acquisition of approximately $13,780,000 and an interest rate of 7.50%.

-  Condominium units (15) in a 30 unit complex, in Alameda County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $3,150,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.

-  Condominium units (29) in a 50 unit complex, in Contra Costa County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $3,190,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.

-  A 38 unit multi-family complex, in San Joaquin County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $2,505,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.


50



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 6 – REAL ESTATE HELD AS INVESTMENT (continued)

In the second quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired two properties through foreclosure.

-  Condominium units (3) in a 19 unit building in San Francisco County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $1,362,000. Two of the units are subject to separate mortgages with an aggregate amount owed of $830,000, each with variable interest rates at acquisition between 2.8% and 3.9%, and were assigned to real estate held for sale in the third quarter. The remaining unit, a common storage area and signage rental space, has been assigned to SF Stagehouse Property Company, LLC.

-  Condominium units (32) in an 81 unit complex, in Alameda County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $5,000,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.

In the first quarter of 2011, the partnership acquired three properties through foreclosure.

-  Multi-family complex in Santa Clara County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $8,130,000. The property was subject to an interest-only mortgage loan with a balance at acquisition of approximately $6,800,000 and an interest rate of 6.25%. In June 2011, the property was sold for $8,800,000.

-  Condominium units (9) in a 36 unit complex, in Sutter County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $495,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.

-  Recreation property (45.7 acres) in Amador County, California. The recorded investment was approximately $2,200,000. An independent management firm has been engaged to oversee rental operations of the units.



 
6651

 


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 7 – BORROWINGS

Bank loan, secured

In September 2012, the partnership paid all remaining amounts owing under the Bank Loan. The Bank Loan balance was $16,789,000, at December 31, 2011.

The Bank Loan matured on June 30, 2010, which maturity date was subsequently extended to October 18, 2010. As of October 18, 2010, the partnership and the banks entered into the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. The significant terms and conditions in the amended loan agreement include:  1) an extended maturity date of June 30, 2012 (subsequently extended to November 2012) with continuing scheduled pay downs of the loan amount to maturity; 2) an interest rate of Prime plus 1.5% subject to a floor of 5.0%; 3) an annual facility fee (payable quarterly) of 0.5%; 4) required remittance to the banks of 70% of net proceeds from the sale or refinance of REO and/or net proceeds from loan payoffs in excess of $5 million; 5) required remittance of cash balances in excess of $12 million; 6) restrictions on use of cash including no new loans with the exception of refinance of existing loans, no expenditures in the ordinary course of business to preserve, maintain, repair, or operate property in excess of $1 million without prior written consent (subject to exclusions for funds set aside for REO projects and servicing of senior liens designated in the loan agreement), limitations on distributions to electing limited partners of an amount not to exceed a distribution rate of 2.1%; 7) a collateral covenant, and 8) a financial covenant.

Mortgages payable

Mortgages payable transactions are summarized in the following table for the years ended December 31, ($ in thousands).

  2012  2011 
Principal, January 1 $43,681  $36,270 
New mortgages taken  5,160    
Mortgages assumed on acquisition of REO     21,523 
Principal repaid  (1,548)  (14,112)
Principal, December 31 $47,293  $43,681 


52



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 7 – BORROWINGS (continued)

Mortgages payable (continued)

Mortgages payable are summarized in the following table as of December 31, (mortgage balance $ in thousands).

Lender 2012  2011 
NorthMarq Capital – 2.94% $18,607     $19,027    
Interest rate varies monthly (LIBOR plus 2.73%)        
Monthly payment (1) (2) $121,904
        
Matures July 1, 2015        
East West Bank – 5.50%  13,578      13,735    
Interest rate varies monthly (greater of Prime plus 1% or 5.50%)        
Monthly payment (2) $78,283
        
Matures June 1, 2017        
Business Partners – 6.53%  7,100      7,456    
Interest rate varies monthly (greater of 5-year Treasuries        
plus 2.33% or 6.53%        
Monthly payment (1) (2)$78,802
        
Matures May 1, 2015        
Chase Bank – 3.52%  5,136      —    
Interest rate variable (fixed until September 1, 2017 at 3.52%)        
Monthly payment $23,228        
Matures September 1, 2042        
First National Bank of Northern California – 5.70%  2,179      2,207    
Interest rate varies monthly (greater of Prime plus 2.35% or 5.70)        
Monthly payment (2) $12,856
        
Matures November 1, 2016        
Wells Fargo Bank – 2.88%  365      379    
Interest rate varies annually (LIBOR plus 2.75%)        
Monthly payment $2,014        
Matures October 1, 2032        
Wells Fargo Bank – 4.93%  328      338    
Interest rate varies annually (internal bank rate plus 3.10%)        
Monthly payment $2,174        
Matures September 15, 2032        
Chase Bank – 3.52%  —      432    
Interest rate variable        
Monthly payment $2,728        
Matures July 1, 2033        
GMAC  —      107    
Interest rate 7.38%        
Monthly payment $1,154        
Matures May 1, 2029        
Total mortgages payable $47,293     $43,681    

(1) Monthly payments include amounts for various impounds such as property taxes, insurance, and repairs.
(2) Monthly payments based upon a 30 year amortization, with a balloon payment due at maturity.


53


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 7 – BORROWINGS (continued)

Mortgages payable (continued)

During 2012, significant transactions to mortgages payable were as follows.

-  REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIIIIn June 2012 the partnership and East West bank finalized negotiations and executed a loan agreement to succeed the maturing note. The maturing loan had a balance of $13,681,000, an interest rate of 7.50% and matured on May 5, 2012.

-  In August 2012, the partnership obtained a mortgage loan of $5,160,000 from Chase Bank, secured by the multi-family complex held by Diablo Villas, LLC.

-  The Chase Bank and GMAC mortgages shown in the above table with zero balances at December 31, 2012, were paid off in full when the properties securing the loans were sold during 2012.

During 2011, significant transactions to mortgages payable were as follows.

-  In the third quarter a property in Sacramento County, California was acquired subject to a mortgage with East West Bank. Terms for a new loan with a further maturity date and lower interest rate are being negotiated with the current lender.

-  In the second quarter a condominium unit in San Francisco, California was acquired subject to a mortgage with Chase Bank. The property was sold in January 2012 and the mortgage was paid off.

-  In the fourth quarter a single-family residence in Humboldt County, California was acquired subject to a mortgage with GMAC.

-  In the second quarter the property held by SF Dore, LLC was sold and the related mortgage with PNC Bank was paid off.

The future minimum payments of principal on the above mortgages at December 31, 2012 are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

2013 $1,182 
2014  1,239 
2015  24,396 
2016  2,451 
2017  12,860 
Thereafter  5,165 
Total $47,293 



54


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


 (A California Limited Partnership)NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
NOTE 9 – FAIR VALUE

GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to transact.

The partnership determines the fairFair values of its assets and liabilities are determined based on the fair value hierarchy established in GAAP. The standard describeshierarchy is comprised of three levels of inputs that mayto be used to measure fair value (Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3). Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the partnership has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs reflect the partnership’s own assumptions about the assumptio ns market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances and may include the partnership’sused.
-Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the company has the ability to access at the measurement date. An active market is a market in which transactions occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
-Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
-Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs reflect the company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances and may include the company’s own data.

The partnershipcompany does not record its non-impaired loans at fair value on a recurring basis.  Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.  Impaired loans are carried at the lesser of the amount owed or the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Non-recurring basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2009:2012 are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

  Fair Value Measurement at Report Date Using 
  Quoted Prices  Significant       
  in Active  Other  Significant    
  Markets for  Observable  Unobservable  Total 
  Identical Assets  Inputs  Inputs  as of 
Item (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3)  12/31/2009 
Impaired loans $  $  $39,268  $39,268 
Real estate held for sale $  $  $8,102  $8,102 
Real estate held as investment $  $  $80,012  $80,012 
  Fair Value Measurement at Report Date Using 
  Quoted Prices  Significant       
  in Active  Other  Significant    
  Markets for  Observable  Unobservable  Total 
  Identical Assets  Inputs  Inputs  as of 
Item (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3)  12/31/2012 
Impaired loans without allowance $  $9,611  $  $9,611 
Impaired loans with allowance, net $  $21,883  $  $21,883 
REO held for sale $  $  $  $ 
REO held as investment $  $  $15,259  $15,259 

In 2012, in line with improving volumes of transactions and fewer distressed sales it was determined that sufficient market transactions were occurring to reclassify impaired loans without allowance and impaired loans with allowance, net to Level 2 from Level 3.

55



REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011


NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE (continued)

Non-recurring basis (continued)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2008:2011 are presented in the following table ($ in thousands).

  Fair Value Measurement at Report Date Using 
  Quoted Prices  Significant       
  in Active  Other  Significant    
  Markets for  Observable  Unobservable  Total 
  Identical Assets  Inputs  Inputs  as of 
Item (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3)  12/31/2008 
Impaired loans $  $  $33,978  $33,978 
Real estate held for sale $  $  $1,159  $1,159 
Real estate held as investment $  $  $  $ 
  Fair Value Measurement at Report Date Using 
  Quoted Prices  Significant       
  in Active  Other  Significant    
  Markets for  Observable  Unobservable  Total 
  Identical Assets  Inputs  Inputs  as of 
Item (Level 1)  (Level 2)  (Level 3)  12/31/2011 
Impaired loans without allowance $  $  $32,363  $32,363 
Impaired loans with allowance, net $  $  $21,598  $21,598 
REO held for sale $  $  $48,406  $48,406 
REO held as investment $  $  $76,096  $76,096 


67


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
NOTE 9 – FAIR VALUE

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value:

(a)  Cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amount equals fair value. All amounts, including interest bearing accounts, are subject to immediate withdrawal.

(b)  Secured loans. The fair value of the non-impaired loans of $120,948,000$13,688,000 and $328,160,000$6,948,000 at December 31, 20092012 and December 31, 2008,2011, respectively, was estimated based upon projected cash flows discounted at the estimated current interest rates at which similar loans would be made. For

(c)  Secured loans - impaired loans in which a specific allowanceare deemed collateral dependent, and the fair value of the loan is established based onthe lesser of the fair value of the collateral (see item (e) below) or the enforceable amount owing under the note.  The fair value of the collateral fair value is determined by exercise of judgment based on management’s experience informed by appraisals (by licensed appraisers), brokersbrokers’ opinion of values, and publicly available information on in-market transactions (LevelLevel 2 inputs). Historically, it has been rare for determinations of fair valueIn some years (notably 2009, 2010 and to be made without substantial reference to current market transactions.  However, in recent years,a lesser extent 2011 and 2012) due to the low numberlevels of real e stateestate transactions, and the risingan increased number of transactions that arewere distressed (i.e., that are executed by an unwilling seller – often compelled by lenders or other claimants - and/or executed without broad exposure or with market exposure but with few, if any, resulting offers), more interpretation, judgment and interpolation/extrapolation within and across property types iswas required (Level 3 inputs).

(c)(d)  Unsecured loans. Unsecured loans are valued at their principal less any discount or loss reserves established by management after taking into account the borrower’s creditworthiness and ability to repay the loan.

(d)(e)  Real estate held.owned (REO), net. Real estate acquired in full or partial settlement of loan obligations, generally through foreclosure, is recorded at acquisition at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan, plus any senior indebtedness, or at the property’s fair value less estimated costs to sell, as applicable. The fair value estimates are derived from information available in the real estate markets including similar property, and often require the experience and judgment of third parties such as commercial real estate appraisers and brokers.  Historically, it has been rare for determinations of fair value to be made without substantial reference to current market transactions.  However, in recent years, due to the low number of real estate transactions, and the rising number of transactions that are distres sed (i.e., that are executed by an unwilling seller – often compelled by lenders or other claimants - and/or executed without broad exposure or with market exposure but with few, if any, resulting offers), more interpretation, judgment and interpolation/extrapolation within and across property types is required.

(e)(f)  Line of credit.Mortgages payable. The partnership has a bank linemortgages payable (see Note 7 Borrowings for details). The interest rates are deemed to be at market rates for the type and location of credit with $80 million outstanding at December 31, 2009 at an interest ratethe securing property, the length of 1.5 points above the prime rate or 4.75%.  This ismortgage, and the default rate as provided in the loan agreementsother terms and results fromconditions are deemed to be customary. All of the partnership’s non-compliancemortgages are deemed to be at fair value as they are either, with variable interest rates which have adjusted within the profitability covenantpast twelve months, or were refinanced/extended within the past twelve months with terms and conditions deemed customary for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, and for the year ended December 31, 2009.  The partnership is negotiating with the lending banks to term out the loan over a period acceptable to each of the parties.  The amount outstanding is well collateralized by the assets of the partnership, and at least one of the banks has shared with the general partners that the loan is considered performing notwithstanding consideration of the non-compliance with the profitability covenant.  The part ners believe the rate of 1.5 points above prime is indicative of a good credit with strong collateral in this market and that the term out provisions similarly will be reflective of market conditions.property.



 
6856

 


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2009, 20082012 and 20072011


NOTE 109 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES,

Loans

The partnership makes construction and rehabilitation loans which are not fully disbursed at loan inception.  The partnership has approved the borrowers up to a maximum loan balance; however, disbursements are made periodically during completion phases of the construction or rehabilitation or at such other times as required under the loan documents.  At December 31, 2009, there were $678,000 of undisbursed loan funds which will be funded by a combination of borrower monthly mortgage payments, line of credit draws, retirements of principal on current loans and cash.  The partnership does not maintain a separate cash reserve to hold the undisbursed obligations, which are intended to be funded.

The partnership periodically negotiates various workout agreements with borrowers whose loans are past maturity or who are delinquent in making payments.  The partnership is not obligated to fund additional money as of December 31, 2009. OTHER THAN LOAN COMMITMENTS

Legal proceedings

In the normal course of business, the partnership may become involved in various legal proceedings such as assignment of rents, bankruptcy proceedings, appointment of receivers, unlawful detainers, judicial foreclosure, etc., to enforce the provisions of the deeds of trust, collect the debt owed under the promissory notes, or to protect, or recoup its investment from the real property secured by the deeds of trust and to resolve disputes between borrowers, lenders, lien holders and mechanics. None of these actions typically would be of any material importance. As of the date hereof, the partnership is not involved in any legal proceedings other than those that would be considered part of the normal course of business.

Commitments

At December 31, 2012, there was one property with a carrying value of $5,000,000 in construction with remaining construction costs of approximately $910,000.


NOTE 1110 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to December 31, 2009:

Four secured loans in impaired status were foreclosed upon resulting in $14,704,000 of additions to real estate held as investment, subject to two mortgages payable totaling $6,800,000, and total reductions to loan balances of $7,880,000, and a reduction to cash of $24,000.

Six loans paid off in full or made a substantial reductions totaling $14,267,000 of loan balances.None



 
6957

 

REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
For the Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands)

  B C      
  Balance at Additions     E
A Beginning Charged to Costs  Charged to D   Balance at
Description of Period and Expenses  Other Accounts Deductions   End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2007                  
Deducted from asset accounts                  
Allowance for loan losses $2,786 $1,788  $ $(105)(a) $4,469
                   
Cumulative write-down of                  
real estate owned  2,348       (931)(b)  1,417
  $5,134 $1,788  $ $(1,036)  $5,886
                   
Year ended December 31, 2008                  
Deducted from asset accounts                  
Allowance for loan losses $4,469 $7,668  $(25)$(692)(a) $11,420
                   
Cumulative write-down of                  
real estate owned  1,417     25  172 (b)  1,614
  $5,886 $7,668  $ $(520)  $13,034
                   
Year ended December 31, 2009                  
Deducted from asset accounts                  
Allowance for loan losses $11,420 $33,214  $ $(21,548)(a) $23,086
                   
Cumulative write-down of                  
real estate owned  1,614  14,926     (3,117)(b)  13,423
  $13,034 $48,140  $  $(24,665)  $36,509



Note (a) – Represents write-offs of loans or transfers
Note (b) – Represents write-offs of real estate owned


70


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Schedule IV – Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Rule 12-29 Loans on Real Estate
December 31, 2009
(in thousands)



                  Col. H   
                  Principal   
            Col. F     Amount of   
            Face  Col. G  Loans   
    Col. C Col. D     Amount of  Carrying  Subject to  Col. J
  Col. B Final Periodic  Col. E  Mortgage  Amount of  Delinquent Col. ICalifornia
Col. A Interest Maturity Payment  Prior  Original  Mortgage  Principal Type ofGeographic
Descrip. Rate Date Terms  Liens  Amount  Investments  or Interest LienLocation
                      
The following loans individually exceed 3% of aggregate carrying amount of mortgage investments
                      
Comm.  10.00%06/01/10 $154  $3,500  $16,500  $18,485  $18,485 1stSan Francisco
Comm.  10.50%04/01/09  119   22,300   12,000   13,120   13,120 2ndAlameda
Comm.  10.00%07/01/10  91      9,450   11,061    1stLos Angeles
Res.  6.00%01/01/12  54   21,912   10,906   10,843    2ndSan Francisco
Res.  6.50%04/01/12  39      11,245   11,684   11,684 1stContra Costa
Res.  10.00%10/01/09  81   36,000   6,532   9,774   9,774 2ndSan Francisco
Res.  9.25%01/01/10  302   22,876   40,444   37,923   37,923 2ndSacramento
Res.  10.00%02/01/11  130   32,200   10,175   16,406    2ndSan Francisco
Res.  6.50%04/01/12  33   5,500   9,800   9,800    1stContra Costa
Res.  6.50%04/01/12  34      10,152   10,152    2ndContra Costa
                            
The remaining loans have been aggregated by their property type
                            
Apts.  9.45%   91   37,924   10,350   11,410   2,800   
Comm.  9.76%   244   17,810   34,225   27,872   8,352   
Land  10.00%   7      833   833   833   
Res.  8.54%   561   91,890   87,228   79,082   33,197   
                            
       $1,940  $291,912  $269,840  $268,445  $136,168   
                            



71





REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII
(A California Limited Partnership)
Schedule IV – Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Rule 12-29 Loans on Real Estate (continued)
 (in thousands)


Reconciliation of carrying amount (cost) of loans at close of periods

  Year ended December 31, 
  2009  2008  2007 
Balance at beginning of year $363,037  $305,568  $261,097 
             
Additions during period            
New loans  11,301   99,839   137,635 
Other         
Total additions  11,301   99,839   137,635 
             
Deductions during period            
Collections of principal  24,244   36,131   91,134 
Foreclosures  75,776   2,068   1,320 
Cost of loans sold     4,072    
Amortization of premium         
Other  5,873   99   710 
Total deductions  105,893   42,370   93,164 
             
Balance at close of year $268,445  $363,037  $305,568 


72


Item 9 – Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There were no changes in or disagreements with the partnership’s independent registered public accounting firm during the years ended December 31, 20092012 and 2008.2011.


Item 9A(T)9A – Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The partnership carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the general partners of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the general partners concluded the partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

General Partner'sPartners’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.Reporting

The general partners are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The general partners and their respective managements conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of this evaluation, the general partners concluded the partnership’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2009.2012.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the partnership'spartnership’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. The general partner’s report wasreporting because current law and SEC rules require such attestation reports only for large accelerated filers and accelerated filers (and the partnership, as a smaller reporting company, is not subject to attestation by the partnership's independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission permitting the partnership to provide only the general partner’s report in this annual report.that requirement).

Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.Reporting

There have not been any changes in the partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 20092012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.


Item 9B – Other Information

None



 
7358

 

Part III


Item 10 – Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The partnership has no officers or directors. Rather,The general partners are RMC, RMC’s wholly-owned subsidiary Gymno LLC, and Michael R. Burwell, an individual. The general partners are solely responsible for managing the activitiespartnership business, subject to the rights of the limited partners to vote on specified matters. Any one of the general partners acting alone has the power and authority to act for and bind the partnership. A majority of the outstanding limited partnership interests may, without the consent of the general partners, vote to: (i) terminate the partnership, (ii) amend the limited partnership agreement, (iii) approve or disapprove the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership are managed by three general partners,and (iv) remove or replace one of whom is an individual, Michael R. Burwell.  The other two general partners are Gymno Corporation and Redwood Mortgage Corp. Both are California corporations, formed in 1986 and 1978, respectively.  Mr. Burwell is oneor all of the three shareholdersgeneral partners. The approval of Gymno Corporation,all of limited partners is required to elect a California corporation, and hasnew general partner to continue the partnership business where there is no remaining general partner after a controlling interest in this company through his ownership of stock and as trustee of the Burwell trusts, which havegeneral partner ceases to be a 50 percent interest in Gymno.  Redwood Mortgage Corp. is a subsidiary of The Redwood Group Ltd., whose principal stockholders are the Burwell Trusts, thegeneral partner other shareholder of Gymno Corporation and Michael R. Burwell.  Michael R. Burwell has a controllin g interest in these companies through his stock ownership or as trustee of the Burwell trusts.than by removal.

The General Partners.

Michael R. Burwell.  Michael R. Burwell, age 53, General Partner, past member of Board of Trustees and Treasurer, Mortgage Brokers Institute (1984-1986); President, Director, Chief Financial Officer, Redwood Mortgage Corp. (1979-present); Director, Secretary and Treasurer A & B Financial Services, Inc. (1980-2009); President, Director, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (since 1986) of Gymno Corporation; President, Director, Secretary and Treasurer of The Redwood Group, Ltd. (1979-present). Mr. Burwell is licensed as a real estate sales person.

Gymno Corporation.  Gymno Corporation, General Partner, is a California corporation formed in 1986 for the purpose of acting as a general partner of this partnership and of other limited partnerships formed by the individual general partners.  The shares in Gymno Corporation are held equally by Michael R. Burwell and the Burwell trusts.  Michael R. Burwell is a director of Gymno and the director position previously held by D. Russell Burwell is currently vacant.  Michael R. Burwell is its President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary.  Michael R. Burwell has a controlling interest in this company through his stock ownership or as trustee of the Burwell trusts.Partners

Redwood Mortgage Corp.  Redwood Mortgage Corp. is a licensed real estate broker incorporated in 1978 under the laws of the State of California, and is engaged primarily in the business of arranging and servicing mortgage loans. Redwood Mortgage Corp. will actacts as the loan broker and servicing agent in connection with loans,loans.

Gymno LLC.  Gymno LLC is a California limited liability company formed in 1986 as it has done on behalfGymno Corporation for the purpose of severalacting as a general partner of this partnership and of other limited partnerships formed by the individual general partners. Gymno is a wholly owned subsidiary of Redwood Mortgage Corp. and Michael R. Burwell is the Manager of Gymno.

Michael R. Burwell.  Michael R. Burwell, age 56, Director, Chief Financial Officer, Redwood Mortgage Corp. (1979-present); past member of Board of Trustees and Treasurer, Mortgage Brokers Institute (1984-1986); President, Director, Secretary and Treasurer A & B Financial Services, Inc. (1980-2009); and President, Director, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Manager of Gymno LLC (1986-present).

Financial Oversight by General Partners.Partners

The partnership does not have a board of directors or an audit committee. Accordingly, the general partners serve the equivalent function of an audit committee for, among other things, the following purposes: appointment, compensation, review and oversight of the work of our independent public accountants, and establishing the enforcing of the Code of Ethics. However, since the partnership does not have an audit committee and the general partners are not independent of the partnership, the partnership does not have an “audit committee financial expert.”

Code of Ethics.Ethics

The general partners have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to the general partners and to any agents, employees or independent contractors engaged by the general partners to perform the functions of a principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller of the partnership, if any. You may obtain a copy of this Code of Ethics, without charge, upon request by calling our Investor Services Department at (650) 365-5341.



 
7459

 

Item 11 – Executive Compensation


COMPENSATION OF THE GENERAL PARTNERS AND AFFILIATES BY PARTNERSHIP

As indicated above in Item 10, the partnership has no officers or directors. The partnership is managed by the general partners. There are certain fees and other items paid to management and related parties.

A more complete description of management compensation is found in the partnership’s prospectus dated August 4, 2005, under the section “Compensation of the General Partners and the Affiliates” (pages 23 through 28), which is herein incorporated by reference. Such compensation is summarized below.

The following compensation has been paid to the general partners and affiliates for services rendered during the year ended December 31, 2009.  All such compensation is in compliance with the guidelines and limitations set forth in the partnership agreement.

I.  THE FOLLOWING COMPENSATION HAS BEEN PAID TO THE GENERAL PARTNERS AND/OR THEIR AFFILIATES FOR SERVICES RENDERED DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009.2012. ALL SUCH COMPENSATION IS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE GUIDELINES AND LIMITATIONS SET FORTH IN THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT.

Entity Receiving CompensationDescription of Compensation and Services Rendered Amount Description of Compensation and Services Rendered Amount 
Redwood Mortgage Corp.
Mortgage Servicing Fee for servicing loans
 $2,722,000 
(General Partner)     
RMC (General Partner)
Mortgage Servicing Fee for servicing loans
 $722,000 
          
General Partners &/or Affiliates
Asset Management Fee for managing assets
 $1,305,000 
Asset Management Fee for managing assets
 $840,000 
          
General Partners
1% interest in profits (loss)
 $(202,000)
1% interest in profits (loss)
 $(57,000)
Less allocation of syndication costs
 $(3,000)
Less allocation of syndication costs
  4,000 
  $(205,000)  $(53,000)
          
General Partners &/or AffiliatesPortion of early withdrawal penalties applied to    Portion of early withdrawal penalties applied to    
reduce Formation Loan
 $15,000 
reduce Formation Loan
 $0 


II. FEES PAID BY BORROWERS ON MORTGAGE LOANS PLACED WITH THE PARTNERSHIP BY COMPANIES RELATED TO THE GENERAL PARTNERS DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20092012 (EXPENSES OF BORROWERS NOT OF THE PARTNERSHIP)

Redwood Mortgage Corp.Mortgage Brokerage Commissions for services in   
 connection with the review, selection, evaluation,   
 negotiation, and extension of the loans paid by the   
 
borrowers and not by the partnership
 $129,000 
      
Redwood Mortgage Corp.Processing and Escrow Fees for services in    
 connection with notary, document preparation, credit    
 investigation, and escrow fees payable by the borrowers    
 
and not by the partnership
 $11,400 
      
Gymno Corporation
Reconveyance Fee
 $3,300 
      
RMCMortgage Brokerage Commissions for services in   
 connection with the review, selection, evaluation,   
 negotiation, and extension of the loans paid by the   
 
borrowers and not by the partnership
 $116,000 
      
RMCProcessing and Escrow Fees for services in    
 connection with notary, document preparation, credit    
 investigation, and escrow fees payable by the borrowers    
 
and not by the partnership
 $966 
      
Gymno
Reconveyance Fee
 $860 
      

III. IN ADDITION, THE GENERAL PARTNERS AND/OR RELATED COMPANIES PAY CERTAIN EXPENSES ON BEHALF OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR WHICH IT IS REIMBURSED AS NOTED IN THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20092012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $450,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    $1,321,000


 
7560

 

Item 12 – Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management, and Related Stockholder Matters

The general partners own an aggregate total of 1%(0.44)% of the partnership including aand are allocated 1% portion of income and losses.


Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

ReferSee Note 3 (General Partners and Related Parties) to footnote 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statementsfinancial statements in Part II, item 8, of this report for detailed presentations of transactions and agreements with related parties, which describes related party fees and data.presentations are incorporated by this reference into this Item 13.

Also refer to the partnership’s prospectus, dated August 4, 2005, under the section “Compensation of General Partners and Affiliates” (pages 23 through 28), which is incorporated herein by reference.

For a description of the partnership’s policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification of related party transactions, refer also to the partnership’s prospectus, dated August 4, 2005 for the discussion under the caption “Compensation of the General Partners and affiliates” beginning on page 23, the discussion under the caption “Conflicts of Interest” beginning on page 28 and the discussion under the captions “Investment Objectives and Criteria – Loans to General Partners and Affiliates” and “Investment Objectives and Criteria – Purchase of Loans From Affiliates and Other Third Parties” on page 42, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Since the partnership does not have a board of directors and since the general partners are not considered independent of the partnership, the partnership does not have the equivalent of independent directors.


Item 14 – Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Fees for services performed for the partnership by the principal accountant for 20092012 and 20082011 are as follows:

Audit FeesFees. The aggregate fees billed and accrued during the years ended December 31, 20092012 and 20082011 for professional services rendered for the audit of the partnership’s annual financial statements included in the partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, review of financial statements included in the partnership’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and for services provided in connection with regulatory filings were $264,907$514,179 and $191,677,$364,180, respectively.

Audit Related FeesFees. There were no fees billed during the years ended December 31, 20092012 and 20082011 for audit-related services.

Tax feesfees. The aggregate fees billed for tax services for the years ended December 31, 20092012 and 2008,2011 were $14,120$63,286 and $16,703,$47,703, respectively. These fees relate to professional services rendered primarily for tax compliance.

All Other FeesFees. There were no other fees billed during the years ended December 31, 20092012 and 2008.2011.

All audit and non-audit services are approved by the general partnerpartners prior to the accountant being engaged by the partnership.



 
7661

 

Part IV


Item 15 – Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

A.      Documents filed as part of this report are incorporated:

 1.In Part II, Item 8 under A – Consolidated Financial Statements.

 2. The Consolidated Financial Statement SchedulesNo financial statement schedules are listed in Part II - Item 8 under B – Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules.required to be filed because Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, LP is a smaller reporting company.

 3.Exhibits.

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibits

3.1 Limited Partnership Agreement
3.2 Form of Certificate of Limited Partnership Interest
3.3 Certificate of Limited Partnership
10.1 Escrow Agreement
10.2 Servicing Agreement
10.3(a)Form of Note secured by Deed of Trust for Construction Loans, which provides for principal and interest payments.payments
 (b)Form of Note secured by Deed of Trust for Commercial and Multi-Family loans which provides for principal and interest payments
 (c)Form of Note secured by Deed of Trust for Commercial and Multi-Family loans which provides for interest only payments
 (d)Form of Note secured by Deed of Trust for Single Family Residential Loans, which provides for interest and principal payments.payments
 (e)Form of Note secured by Deed of Trust for Single Family Residential loans, which provides for interest only payments.payments
10.4(a)Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing to accompany Exhibits 10.3 (a), and (c).
 (b)Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing to accompany Exhibit 10.3 (b).
 (c)Deed of Trust, Assignment of Leases and Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing to accompany Exhibit 10.3 (c).
10.5 Promissory Note for Formation Loan
10.6 Agreement to Seek a Lender
10.7Sixth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. Certain schedules and exhibits to this agreement have not been filed herewith. The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
21.1Subsidiaries of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII
31.1 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.3 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.3 Certification of General Partner pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.1 Selected Portions of the Prospectus, dated August 4, 2005 and Supplement No. 6 dated April 28, 2008
101.INS*XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

All of the above exhibits, other than exhibitexhibits 21.1, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 99.1 and 99.1101 exhibits were previously filed as the exhibits to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-106900 and incorporated by reference herein)., except Exhibit 10.7 is incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-K filed on April 14, 2011.

B.           See A (3) above.* XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed herewith, is not a part of a registration statement or Prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

C.See A (2) above. Additional reference is made to the prospectus (filed as part of the S-11 registration statement) dated August 4, 2005, supplement No. 6 dated April 28, 2008 (post effective amendment No. 8 to the S-11 registration statement), for financial data related to Gymno Corporation, and Redwood Mortgage Corp., the Corporate General Partners.


 
7762

 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized on the 31st29th day of March, 2010.2013.


REDWOOD MORTGAGE INVESTORS VIII


By:/S/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. Burwell, General Partner
By:Gymno Corporation, General Partner
By:/S/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. Burwell, President, Secretary,
and Principal Financial Officer
By:Redwood Mortgage Corp. 
   
 
By:/S/s/ Michael R. Burwell
  Michael R. Burwell, President,
  Secretary/Treasurer
By:Gymno LLC, General Partner
By:/s/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. Burwell, Manager
By:/s/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. Burwell, General Partner



 
7863

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacity indicated on the 31st29th day of March, 2010.2013.


SignatureTitleDate



/S/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. BurwellGeneral PartnerMarch 31, 2010



/S/ Michael R. Burwell
Michael R. BurwellPresident of Gymno Corporation, (Principal Executive Officer); Director of Gymno Corporation Secretary/Treasurer of Gymno Corporation (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 31, 2010



/S/s/ Michael R. Burwell    
Michael R. Burwell 
President, Secretary/Treasurer of Redwood Mortgage Corp. (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer);
Director of Redwood Mortgage Corp.
 March 31, 2010


79



Exhibit 31.1
GENERAL PARTNER CERTIFICATION

I, Michael R. Burwell, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, a California Limited Partnership (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15-d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s forth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.29, 2013


/s/ Michael R. Burwell
_____________________________
Michael R. Burwell, General Partner
March 31, 2010

80


Exhibit 31.2

PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I,/s/ Michael R. Burwell certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, a California Limited Partnership (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15-d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

 (a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 (b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s forth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michael R. Burwell
_____________________________
Michael R. Burwell, President, Secretary/Treasurer and
Chief Financial Officer, of Gymno
Corporation, General Partner
March 31, 2010

81


Exhibit 31.3

PRESIDENT’S CERTIFICATION

I, Michael R. Burwell certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII, a California Limited Partnership (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15-d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

 (a)Manager of Gymno LLCdesigned such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 (b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;March 29, 2013

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s forth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michael R. Burwell
___________________________
Michael R. Burwell, President,
Redwood Mortgage Corporation,
General Partner
March 31, 2010

82


Exhibit 32.1


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Annual Report of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII (the “Partnership”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), pursuant to 18 U.S.C. (S) 1350, as adopted pursuant to (S) 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Michael R. Burwell, certify that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the partnership at the dates and for the periods indicated.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and will be retained by Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.



/s/ Michael R. Burwell
_____________________________
Michael R. Burwell, General Partner
March 31, 2010
/s/ Michael R. Burwell  
Michael R. Burwell General Partner
 
March 29, 2013

 
8364

 


Exhibit 32.2


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Annual Report of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII (the “Partnership”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), pursuant to 18 U.S.C. (S) 1350, as adopted pursuant to (S) 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Michael R. Burwell, certify that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the partnership at the dates and for the periods indicated.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and will be retained by Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.


/s/ Michael R. Burwell
_____________________________
Michael R. Burwell, President, and
Chief Financial Officer of Gymno
Corporation, General Partner
March 31, 2010

84


Exhibit 32.3


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Annual Report of Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII (the “Partnership”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), pursuant to 18 U.S.C. (S) 1350, as adopted pursuant to (S) 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Michael R. Burwell, certify that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the partnership at the dates and for the periods indicated.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and will be retained by Redwood Mortgage Investors VIII and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.


/s/ Michael R. Burwell
___________________________
Michael R. Burwell, President,
Redwood Mortgage Corporation,
General Partner
March 31, 2010



85