TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
Item 1. Business.
In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “WESCO”“Wesco” refers to WESCO International, Inc., and its subsidiaries and its predecessors unless the context otherwise requires. References to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to WESCOWesco and its subsidiaries.
The Company
WESCO International, Inc. (“WESCO International”("Wesco International") and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wesco” or the "Company"), incorporatedheadquartered in 1993 and effectively formed in February 1994 upon acquiring a distribution business from Westinghouse Electric Corporation,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading North American-based distributor of products and provider of advanced supply chain management and logistics services used primarily in industrial, construction, utility, and commercial, institutional and government (“CIG”) markets. We are a leading provider of electrical, industrial,business-to-business distribution, logistics services and communications maintenance, repair and operating ("MRO") and original equipment manufacturer ("OEM") products, construction materials, and advanced supply chain managementsolutions.
On June 22, 2020, Wesco completed its acquisition of Anixter International Inc. ("Anixter"), a Delaware corporation. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and logistics services. Our primary product categories include general supplies, wire, cablePlan of Merger, dated January 10, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and conduit, communicationsamong Anixter, Wesco and security, electrical distributionWarrior Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and controls, lightinga wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco (“Merger Sub”), Merger Sub was merged with and sustainability,into Anixter (the “Merger”), with Anixter surviving the Merger and automation, controlscontinuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco. On June 23, 2020, Anixter merged with and motors.into Anixter Inc., with Anixter Inc. surviving to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco.
We employ approximately 18,000 people, maintain relationships with approximately 45,000 suppliers, and serve approximately 70,000 active140,000 customers globally through approximately 500 branches primarily located in North America, with operations in 16 additional countriesworldwide. With nearly 1,500,000 products, end-to-end supply chain services, and 11 distribution centers located in the United Statesextensive digital capabilities, Wesco provides innovative solutions to meet customer needs across commercial and Canada. The Company employs approximately 9,500 employees worldwide. We distribute over 1,000,000 products, grouped into six categories, from approximately 30,000 suppliers, utilizing a highly automated, proprietary electronic procurementindustrial businesses, contractors, government agencies, institutions, telecommunications providers, and inventory replenishment system.
Industry Overview
The following table outlines our sales by end market foris a description of each of the periods presented:Company's business segments and the industries in which they operate.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||
| (percentages based on total sales) | |||||
| Industrial | 36% | 36% | 37% | ||
| Construction | 33% | 33% | 33% | ||
| Utility | 16% | 16% | 16% | ||
| Commercial, Institutional and Government | 15% | 15% | 14% | ||
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Communications & Security Solutions
The CSS segment, with over 3,300 employees supporting customers in over 50 countries, is a global leader in the network infrastructure and security markets. The network infrastructure market is comprised of cabling and connectivity, racks and cabinets, power, wireless, and associated products that enable network connectivity and communications in commercial buildings, and hyperscale, cloud-based and multi-tenant data centers. The security market includes video surveillance, fire and intrusion detection, access control, door locking and other solutions that create safe and smart environments for customers. Both the network infrastructure and security businesses are large, fragmented and diverse markets that include various industry groups such as technology, finance, telecommunications service providers, transportation, education, government, healthcare and retail. CSS sells products directly to end-users or through various channels including data communications contractors, security, network, professional audio/visual and systems integrators. In addition to the core network infrastructure and security portfolio, CSS has a wide arraybroad offering of electricalsafety and energy management solutions. CSS products we offer communications products for projects relatedare often combined with supply chain services to IT/network modernization, physical security upgrades, broadband deployments, network security,increase efficiency and disaster recovery.productivity, including installation enhancement, project deployment, advisory, and IoT and digital services.
The UBS segment, with over 2,400 employees supporting customers primarily in the U.S. and utility contractors accounted for approximately 16% of our sales in 2019 and 2018. Customers include investor-owned utilities, rural electric cooperatives, municipal power authorities and contractors that serve these customers. We provide our utility customers withCanada, provides products and services to investor-owned utilities, public power companies, including municipalities, as well as global service providers, wireless providers, broadband operators and the contractors that service these customers. Investor-owned utility companies provide a combination of electric generation, transmission and/or distribution and are owned by investors or shareholders while public power entities are generally non-profit entities owned by their members or governed by local, state and municipal governments. These two markets comprise the vast majority of utility customers in the U.S. and Canada. The UBS segment also includes Wesco's integrated supply business, which provides products and services to large industrial and commercial end-users to support their MRO spend. The products sold into the constructionutility and maintenance of their generation,broadband markets include wire and cable, transformers, transmission and distribution systems along with an extensive rangehardware, switches, protective devices, connectors, lighting, conduit, fiber and copper cable, connectivity products, pole line hardware, racks, cabinets, safety and MRO products, and point-to-point wireless devices. We also offer a complete set of products that meet their power plant MROservice solutions including fiber project management, high and capital projects needs. Materialsmedium voltage project design and support, pre-wired meters and capacitor banks, meter testing and advanced metering infrastructure installation, personal protective equipment dielectric testing, tool repair, emergency response management, storage yard management, materials management, and procurement outsourcing arrangements are also important in this market, as cost pressures and deregulation have caused utility customerslogistics management to seek improvements inimprove customer supply chain efficiencies.
For information concerning the efficiency and effectiveness of their supply chains.
Business Strategy
Wesco’s vision is to be the best tech-enabled supply chain solutions provider in the world. We partnerbelieve that accomplishing this vision depends on the successful execution of our strategy, which is comprised of three elements:
Integrate the Business and Build World-Class Capabilities: Wesco completed the transformative acquisition of Anixter International, another leading supplier of business-to-business distribution, logistics services and supply chain solutions on June
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22, 2020. The Merger combined two comparable-sized businesses and created an industry leader of electrical, communications, and utility supply chain solutions. A central component of our current strategy is to ensure that we capture all of the potential value of the combination of the two businesses.
Strengthen the Organization and our Culture of Excellence: A commitment to continuous improvement has always been a hallmark of our business, and we deploy Lean business practices and Agile methodologies. The merger with suppliersAnixter has enabled us to transformcontinue building our Culture of Excellence, including selecting the best-of-the-best Wesco and Anixter leaders for the combined organization, enhancing our commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues, expanding our Inclusion and Diversity program, and establishing systems to recognize outstanding employees and demonstration of Wesco’s five core values: Our People are Our Greatest Asset, One Team, Always Strive to Be the Best, Innovation, and Winning With Customers and Suppliers.
Digitalize and Transform the Business: The role of digital business models in our industry has accelerated over the past several years. Wesco offers significant digital capabilities today and intends to lead the further digitalization of our industry in the years to come. The larger size and scale of the combined business enables Wesco to invest in the deployment of digital and service capabilities significantly faster than it could previously. We are implementing digital tools across every aspect of our business to improve the efficiency of our operations as well as those of our business partners, make it easier to do business with Wesco, and increase the value of our big data by providing unique insight into end-market use of the products and services intowe offer.
The three elements of our strategy touch every aspect of our business – from how we go-to-market within our three strategic business units to how we drive efficiency and build our culture across the organization. We believe that the successful execution of these strategies, combined with our comprehensive product and service offerings, will provide cost-effective and innovative end-to-end supply chain solutions. We helpsolutions for a diverse set of customers across our customers build, operate, connect and power their businesses to improve their operations and the world we live in. With our broad portfolio of products, extensive services and insights from data analysis, we expect to grow sales at a faster rate than that of the industry and generate significantend markets. Our operating cash flow. Operating cash flow is deployed to fund organic growth opportunities, acquire companiesbusinesses that provide new capabilities for growth, and manage our capital structure. Additionally,Due to our leadership position, scale, global reach, complete portfolio of products, extensive services and insights from big data, we expect to grow our sales over the past several years, we have returned cashlong term at a faster rate than the overall industry.
As a distribution and supply chain services company, our approach to stockholders through share repurchases.
We have a large base of approximately 140,000 active customers across commercial and Servicesindustrial businesses, contractors, government agencies, institutions, telecommunications providers, and utilities. Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 11% of our sales in 2021. No one customer accounted for more than 2% of our sales in 2021.
Products
Our global network of branches, warehouses and distribution centers stock approximately 200,000 unique product stock keeping units and wesales offices provide customers with access to more than 1,000,000nearly 1,500,000 different products. Each branchlocation tailors its inventory to meet the needs of its customers, providing a local customers.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||
| (percentages based on total sales) | |||||
| General Supplies | 41% | 40% | 40% | ||
| Wire, Cable and Conduit | 14% | 14% | 15% | ||
| Communications and Security | 16% | 16% | 15% | ||
| Electrical Distribution and Controls | 10% | 11% | 10% | ||
| Lighting and Sustainability | 11% | 11% | 12% | ||
| Automation, Controls and Motors | 8% | 8% | 8% | ||
We purchase products from a diverse group of approximately 30,000 suppliers.45,000 suppliers who are located predominantly in North America, but manufacture products around the world. The main product categories we source are general supplies, communications and security, wire, cable and conduit, lighting and sustainability, electrical distribution and controls, and automation and motors. In 2019,2021, our ten largest suppliers accounted for approximately 32% of our purchases. Our largest supplier in 2019 was Eaton Corporation, accounting for approximately 11%31% of our purchases. No otherone supplier accounted for more than 4%5% of our total purchases.
Our supplier relationships are important to us, providing access to a wide range of products, services, technical training, and sales and marketing support. We have approximately 300700 commercial agreements with more than 200375 preferred suppliers and purchase nearly 60%65% of our products pursuant to these arrangements. Consistent with industry practice, most
We offer a wide range of sustainable products from the world’s leading manufacturers and can help our agreements with suppliers, including both distribution agreementscustomers determine the best solution to meet their sustainability goals. Key categories include energy-efficient products, energy-management solutions, renewable energy products, sustainable MRO products, and commercial agreements, are terminable by either party on 60 days notice or less.workplace safety products.
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Services
Our customers' challenges are constantly evolving and require comprehensive, yet practical solutions. As part of our overall offering,offerings, we provide customers a comprehensive portfolio of approximately 50 value-added solutions, within a wide range of service categories including construction, e-commerce, energy and sustainability, engineering services, production support, safety and security, supply chain optimization, training, and working capital. These solutions areas outlined below, designed to address our customers' business needs, through:help save time, improve productivity, increase profitability, and mitigate risk.
•Advisory services to help customers implement lean practices, optimize their supply chains, and digitally transform their workplaces with the latest technologies and infrastructure solutions;
•Project deployment services to help secure job site materials, improve efficiency, reduce job site waste, and improve scalability across multifaceted deployments;
•Digital services and e-business integrations to transform how our customers consume, deploy, and procure materials and technologies, supporting data-driven decisions and increased operational efficiency; and
•Supply chain programs to improve productivity, reduce operating costs and inventory optimization programs, including just-in-time deliveryincrease operational efficiencies.
We are also a provider of services focused on energy efficiency and vendor managed inventory;renewable power that reduce our consumption and that of our customers. Our energy solutions business offers turnkey and retrofit solutions designed to reduce energy and optimize building efficiency. We also have a team of renewables experts that focus on providing technical support to installers and end-users of solar products and solutions.
Broad Portfolio of Products from Top Brands. Our broad product offering, value-added services,portfolio enables us to offer comprehensive, end-to-end solutions in each of our three businesses. We partner with the industries’ leading suppliers to deliver the most trusted brands across every product category including automation, broadband, communications, electrical, electronics, energy, lighting, MRO, networking, renewables, safety, security, utility and wire and cable.
Customized Solutions. Our customers have unique business models, challenges and priorities. Our dedicated technical expertise,experts have extensive experience and product knowledge that enable them to provide solutions tailored to the various needs of our customers. With specialized industry knowledge and a focus on the latest technologies, we help design and deploy solutions that address critical business priorities.
Ingenuity and Expertise. Since closing the merger with Anixter, we have focused our teams and empowered them with access to real-time information and tools that enable better decision-making and facilitate easier interaction with customers. Our sales, service and operational specialists bring a depth of industry experience spanning construction, manufacturing, electrical, renewables, lighting, communications, security, professional A/V, utility, broadband and more.
Innovative Digital Roadmap. We are investing in digital tools and platforms to enable a new level of collaboration, agility and productivity. From adaptable omni-channel e-commerce tools and platforms, to connected buildings and process management, we are a supply chain partner that strives to match our customers’ digital needs and drive operational excellence.
Global Reach with Local Expertise. Our international operations and global sourcing capabilities enable us to service our customers around the world. Wesco has approximately 800 branches, warehouses and sales offices with operations in more than 50 countries. Our global distribution network includes 43 facilities that operate as regional distribution centers or large branch locations in key geographic areas in North America, Europe and low-cost operator status provide distinct competitive advantages.
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Uniquely Positioned to Benefit from Secular Trends. Each of scale in purchasing, inventory management, administrationour business units is positioned to benefit from six secular trends that are driving growth. These include increasing electrification, growth of automation and transportation. This extensive network, which would be difficultconnected devices (the "Internet of Things" or "IoT"), green energy and expensiveelectric grid modernization, 24/7 connectivity and security, supply chain consolidation and relocation to replicate, allows us to:
Geography
Human Capital
At Wesco, our people and our high-performance culture are our greatest assets. We are committed to continuous improvement and leveraging our diverse and talented workforce in pursuing Wesco’s vision to be the best tech-enabled supply chain solutions provider in the world. We also believe that our employees should be treated with dignity and respect. Our Human Rights Policy promotes diversity, safety in the workplace, freedom of association and collective bargaining, and training. It prohibits discrimination, harassment, and child and forced labor. It also provides guidance on appropriate working hours, wages and benefits, and workplace conditions.
The merger of Wesco and Anixter doubled the Company’s revenue, and significantly increased our employee headcount and global footprint, including the number of countries in which we operate. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately 18,000 full-time employees worldwide, with approximately 12,000 in the U.S. and the remaining 6,000 in international locations.
Compensation and Benefits Program. Wesco provides competitive compensation and benefits packages in each of our locations around the globe. In the U.S., we provide a comprehensive benefits program that offers choices to fit our employees’ diverse needs including health and disability benefits, paid time-off, life insurance, retirement programs, and access to other services that support health and wellness. To further improve the health of our employees, we offer a variety of activities and programs that assist our employees and their family members to better manage or overcome major well-being challenges, including an employee assistance program, wellness coaching, case/disease management and wellness discounts.
Inclusion and Diversity. WESCO's commitment to inclusion and diversity starts at the top. The Company’s Board of Directors has four of its nine members (44%) who are diverse in terms of gender, race or ethnicity, and the Board has a goal to be 50% or more diverse.
As part of Wesco's integration with Anixter, we conducted “pulse” surveys in 2020 to give all employees a voice in actively shaping the values that will define the combined organization, one of which is inclusion and diversity. We continued these surveys in 2021 to help provide a lens into the organization for senior management to monitor how employees are managing through changes as we continue to integrate systems and processes and to provide a roadmap for us to support employee success.
The goals of Wesco’s Inclusion and Diversity program are to 1) leverage the unique experiences and perspectives of our talented workforce to support Wesco’s mission, 2) further engage employees and build an inclusive culture, 3) recruit and develop talent that bring new perspectives and thought processes to Wesco, 4) increase representation of suppliers that are owned and operated by teams with diverse backgrounds and 5) support the communities in which we operate.
Wesco has established an Inclusion & Diversity Council comprised of members of our senior management, including the Vice President of Inclusion & Diversity, to lead the formation of four Business Resource Groups (“BRGs”) that will support four groups – women, BLIPOC (Black, Latino, Indigenous, and People of Color), LGBTQ+, and veterans of the armed forces. These BRGs foster a sense of community and inclusion, provide opportunities to network, support advancement opportunities within the organization, and assist with recruiting. The BRGs are global and open to all employees regardless of any aspect of their personal identity. As of May 1, 2021, approximately 1,800 employees from around the globe had joined one or more of the BRGs. Comprising employees from every level of the organization, the BRGs: play a critical role in supporting our business initiatives; help create a more inclusive work environment; provide opportunities for employee development, education, training, recruitment, retention, and business outreach; and support innovation by providing insights on new markets, product development, and multicultural marketing.
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Wesco has established relationships with several charitable organizations and encourages employees to volunteer in the community by providing one day of paid volunteer time per year. By connecting with and contributing to local charitable organizations, Wesco supports the development of strong, vibrant and diverse communities.
Safety. Safety is a core value of Wesco and we do not tolerate violations of established safety protocol. We are committed to reducing or eliminating health and safety risks through dedicated programs, leadership commitment, and employee involvement. We seek to achieve continuous improvement in the safety of our facilities and injury-leading injury rates.
We have exceeded our goal of a 40% reduction in our total recordable injury rate (“TRIR”) from a 2017 baseline – two years ahead of the 2022 target. We have also set a long-term goal to achieve a 15% reduction in the TRIR by 2030 from a 2020 baseline of 0.47 incidents per 100 employees.
Training and Development. Wesco offers several certification and training programs, some of which are required for all employees while others are voluntary or based on job role. We offer a tuition reimbursement program to eligible employees to encourage the pursuit of undergraduate and graduate education to prepare employees for expanded roles in the business.
We have had a sales development training program in place for over ten years. The program is designed to systematically train and develop new college graduates through on-the-job rotations and cohort learning and development during the first year of employment. Graduates of the program move into various sales and operations roles after completing the one-year program. We also sponsor a summer internship program to provide college students with real work experience and give them the opportunity to evaluate different career fields. Additionally, we have a finance development program for recent college graduates seeking a career in finance that provides members with eligibility for roles with increasing responsibilities commensurate with their career development goals.
Environmental Management
Environmental sustainability is a priority for Wesco. We are progressing toward and achieving our goals, learning as we go, and making sustainability practices accessible to our employees and customers. The foundation of our environmental management is our Environmental Sustainability Policy, which aligns with key provisions of the ISO 14001 environmental management standards. The policy includes clear management accountability for environmental sustainability, direct program responsibilities, and key performance indicators and other metrics to track progress.
We are working to reduce our environmental impact in the following areas:
Energy. The vast majority of the energy we use is for lighting, heating, and cooling our approximately 800 branches, warehouses, and sales offices around the world. Adding to our energy consumption is a fleet of approximately 950 trucks and 1,400 cars for our distribution and sales activities. Wherever possible, we engage with the owners and agents of the buildings we lease to improve energy efficiency by providing landlords with specifications that include the installation of LED lighting and programmable thermostats, and recommendations for heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Our Fleet Efficiency Policy includes the use of fuel-efficient vehicles, determining the most efficient routes, and idling restrictions.
Emissions. Our main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the power used by our facilities, which accounts for nearly 70 percent of our total emissions. As such, the energy efficiency of our buildings is a key focus of our emissions-reduction activities. Our secondary source of GHG emissions is our truck and car fleet, and a branch near Shanghaismall percentage of our emissions is due to serve customers in China. Furthermore, we support sales in South Americacorporate travel and the lifecycle impact of our landfilled waste. We continue to look for new opportunities to reduce our fleet emissions through our branches in Chile, Ecuadorrouting and Peru,consolidation, and we have operations in seven additional countries. Manyare also researching the use of electric vehicles as technology and infrastructure improve.
Waste. Our top three waste streams are cardboard, wood pallets, and plastic. To manage this waste, we first find opportunities to minimize the amount that we generate by applying lean principles. We then identify reuse and recycling opportunities.
Water. As a distributor and services provider, we are not a major consumer of water. Our facilities primarily use water for sanitation, cleaning, and irrigation purposes. We track water usage at each of our international locations have been establishedand use the data to serveidentify unusual consumption patterns that could indicate undetected leaks or excessive usage that requires intervention.
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Cyber Security
Cyber security and protection of our growing listdata is a top priority across the entire organization. To that end, we take a holistic approach to securing our data and business systems from attack, compromise or loss. This includes the combination of customersleading technologies, policies and procedures, and a 7x24 Cyber Security Operations team monitoring our environment for signs of attack and responding in real-time.
The implementation of a multi-layer and multi-provider portfolio of technologies is designed to deliver overlapping coverage against today’s modern attack vectors with global operations.a strong defensive and offensive security posture. We continually evaluate risks, threats, intelligence feeds and vulnerabilities to adapt, mitigate or respond as necessary to preserve a secure state. Combining technology, processes and threat intelligence we deliver specific and timely education and training to the organization, including mandatory training for all employees.
While we focus heavily on prevention and detection, response and recovery plans, service agreements and partner engagements are in place should there be a need for us to respond to an attack. We also maintain cyber liability insurance coverage. We did not experience any material data breaches in 2021.
Intellectual Property
We protect our intellectual property through a combination of trademarks, patents and trade secrets, foreign intellectual property laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions. We currently have trademarks, patents and service marks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and Canadian Intellectual Property Office.in various other countries. The trademarks and service marks filed in the U.S. include, among others: “Wesco®” and our corporate logo. The Company's "Anixter" trademarks and service marks are registered in the U.S. include: “WESCO®”, our corporate logo and the running man logo. The Company'svarious foreign jurisdictions and its "EECOL" trademarkservice mark is registered in Canada. In addition,We have also applied to register international trademarks, patents, and service mark applications have been filed in various foreign jurisdictions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Canada, Chile, China, the European Community, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Vietnam.jurisdictions. While our patents have value, none is so essential that its loss would materially affect our business.
Environmental Matters
Our facilities and operations are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Some of these laws and regulations may impose strict, joint and several liabilities on certain persons for the cost of investigation or remediation of contaminated properties. These persons may include former, current or future owners or operators of properties and persons who arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances. Our owned and leased real property may give rise to such investigation, remediation and monitoring liabilities under environmental laws. In addition, anyone disposing of certain products we distribute, such as ballasts, fluorescent lighting and batteries, must comply with environmental laws that regulate certain materials in these products.
We believe that we are in compliance, in all material respects, with applicable environmental laws. As a result, we do not anticipate making significant capital expenditures for environmental control matters either in the current year or in the near future.
Seasonality
Our operating results are not significantly affected by seasonal factors. Sales during the first quarterand fourth quarters are usually affected by a reduced level of activity. Sales duringactivity due to the second, third and fourth quarters are generally 6% to 9% higher than the first quarter.impact of weather on projects. Sales typically increase beginning in March, with slight fluctuations per month through October. During periods of economic expansion or contraction, our sales by quarter have varied significantly from this seasonal pattern.
Website Access
Our Internet address is www.wesco.com. Information contained on our website is not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge under the “Investors” heading on our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as well as our Proxy Statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed or furnished, as applicable, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
In addition, our charters for our Executive Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Principles for Senior Executives, Independence Policy, Global Anti-Corruption Policy, and Code of Business Ethics and Conduct for our Directors, officers and employees, are all available on our website in the “Corporate Governance” link under the “Investors” heading.
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Forward-Looking Information
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve certain unknown risks and uncertainties, including, among others, those contained in Item 1, “Business,” Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “expects,” “projects,” “will” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words. Such statements, including, but not limited to, our statements regarding business strategy, growth strategy, competitive strengths, productivity and profitability enhancement, competition, new product and service introductions and liquidity and capital resources, are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs, as well as on assumptions made by and information currently available to management, current market trends and market conditions and involve various risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control.control and which may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. In addition, forward-looking statements in this document include information and statements regarding our proposed acquisition of Anixter, the potential effectsexpected benefits and costs of the pending acquisition on ourtransaction between Wesco and Anixter, including anticipated future financial and operating results, synergies, accretion and growth rates, and the combined company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, statements that address the combined company's expected future business and operations prior to the consummation thereof, the effects on WESCO if the acquisition is not consummated,financial performance, and information regarding the combined operations and business of WESCO and Anixter following the acquisition, if consummated.other similar statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information will in fact prove to be accurate. We have undertaken no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Executive Officers
Our executive officers and their respective ages and positions as of February 24, 2020,25, 2022 are set forth below.
| Name | Age | Position | ||||||||||||
| John J. Engel | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||
| David S. Schulz | ||||||||||||||
| Theodore A. Dosch | 62 | Executive Vice President and Strategy and Chief Transformation Officer | ||||||||||||
| William C. Geary, II | 51 | Executive Vice President and General Manager, Communications and Security Solutions | ||||||||||||
| Akash Khurana | 48 | Executive Vice President and Chief | ||||||||||||
| Diane E. Lazzaris | 55 | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary | ||||||||||||
| Hemant Porwal | 48 | Executive Vice President Supply Chain and Operations | ||||||||||||
| Nelson J. Squires III | 60 | Executive Vice President and General Manager, Electrical and Electronic Solutions | ||||||||||||
| Christine A. Wolf | ||||||||||||||
Set forth below is biographical information for our executive officers listed above.
John J. Engel was electedhas served as Chairman of the Board at theof Directors since May 2011 Annual Meeting and has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since 2009. Previously, Mr. Engel served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from 2004 to 2009. Before joining WESCOWesco in 2004, Mr. Engel served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Gateway, Inc., Executive Vice President and Senior Vice President of Perkin Elmer, Inc., Vice President and General Manager of Allied Signal, Inc., and also held various engineering, manufacturing and general management positions at General Electric Company.
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Theodore A. Dosch has served as our Executive Vice President of Strategy and Chief Transformation Officer since June 2020. Prior to the merger with Anixter in 2020, Mr. Dosch served as the Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Anixter International Inc. from July 2011 to June 2020 after serving as its Senior Vice President - Global Finance from January 2009 to July 2011.Previously, Mr. Dosch served as CFO - North America and Vice President - Maytag Integration at Whirlpool Corporation from 2006 to 2008; and held a variety of financial related roles at Whirlpool since 1986.
William C. Geary, II has served as our Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Communications and Security Solutions division since June 2020. Prior to the merger with Anixter in 2020, Mr. Geary served as Executive Vice President - Network & Security Solutions of Anixter International Inc. from July 2017 to June 2020 and Senior Vice President - Global Markets - Network & Security Solutions from January 2017 to June 2017. Previously, Mr. Geary served 22 years and held a variety of senior management roles at Accu-Tech Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anixter.
Akash Khurana has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Information and Digital Officer since joining the Company in November 2020. Before joining Wesco, Mr. Khurana served as Chief Information Officer and Chief Data Officer of Global information at McDermott from March 2015 to November 2020, Senior Director of Global Product Lines and Regional P&Ls at Baker Hughes, and a variety of leadership roles at GE Healthcare and Power & Water Divisions.
Diane E. Lazzaris has served as our SeniorExecutive Vice President and General Counsel since JanuaryJune 2020 and also as Corporate Secretary since February 2021. From 2014 to June 2020 she served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel, and from 2010 to December 2013 she served as our Vice President, Legal Affairs. From 2008 to 2010, Ms. Lazzaris served as Senior Vice President - Legal, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Dick’s Sporting Goods, Inc. From 1994 to 2008, she held various corporate counsel positions at Alcoa Inc., including Group Counsel to a group of global businesses.
Nelson J. Squires III has served as our Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Electrical and Electronic Solutions division since June 2020, and from October 2019 to June 2020 he served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since October 2019.Officer. From January 2018 to September 2019, he served as Group Vice President and General Manager of WESCOWesco Canada/International/WIS and as Group Vice President and General Manager of WESCOWesco Canada from August 2015 to January 2018. From 2010 to July 2015, he was Vice President and General Manager, North America Merchant Gases and President, Air Products Canada of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. He has also served in regional and general management positions, as director of investor relations, and in various sales positions at Air Products. Earlier in his career, he was a Captain in the United StatesU.S. Army.
Christine A. Wolf has served as our SeniorExecutive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since June 2018. From2020, and from June 2018 to June 2020 she served as Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. Before joining Wesco from 2011 to June 2018, Ms. Wolf served as the Chief Human Resources Officer of Orbital ATK, Inc. until its acquisition by Northrop Grumman. From 2008 to 2011, she served as the Chief Human Resources Officer of Fannie Mae and from 2004 to 2008 she served as Chief Human Resources Officer of E*Trade Financial Corporation. Prior to that, she held various positions in human resources with companies in a variety of industries.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons working on our behalf are expressly qualified by the following factors. This information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, Management’s"Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,Operations", Item 7A, Quantitative"Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RisksRisks" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-K.
Our global operations expose us to political, economic, legal, currency and other risks.
We operate a network of approximately 800 branches, warehouses and sales offices with operations in more than 50 countries. Approximately one-third of our employee population are non-U.S. employees.We derive approximately 28% of our revenues from sales outside of the U.S. As a result, we are subject to additional risks associated with owning and operating businesses in these foreign markets and jurisdictions.
Operating in the global marketplace exposes us to a number of risks including:
•geopolitical and security issues, such as armed conflict and civil or military unrest, political instability, terrorist activity and human rights concerns;
•natural disasters (including as a result of climate change) and public health crises (including pandemics such as COVID-19), and other catastrophic events;
•global supply chain disruptions and large-scale outages or inefficient provision of services from utilities, transportation, data hosting, or telecommunications providers;
•abrupt changes in government policies, laws, regulations or treaties, including imposition of export, import, or doing-business regulations, trade sanctions, embargoes or other trade restrictions;
•tax or tariff increases;
•government restrictions on, or nationalization of, our operations in any country;
•changes in labor conditions and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including logistical and communication challenges;
•restrictions on currency movement;
•challenges in protecting our IP rights in certain countries;
•local business and cultural factors that differ from our current standards and practices;
•continuing uncertainty regarding social, political, immigration, and tax and trade policies in the U.S. and abroad;
•currency exchange rate fluctuations; and
•other social, political and economic instability, including recessions and other economic crises in other regions.
Adverse conditions in the global economy and disruptions of financial and commodities markets could negatively impact us and our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.customers.
Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our customers, which in turn is affected by global economic conditions and market factors impacting the industries and markets that they serve. Certain global economies and the financial and commodities markets continue to experience significant uncertainty and volatility, particularly commodity-driven end markets such as oil and gas and metals and mining.volatility. Adverse economic conditions or lack of liquidity in these markets, particularly in North America, may adversely affect our revenues and operating results. Economic and financial market conditions may also affect the availability of financing for projects and for our customers' capital or other expenditures, which can result in project delays or cancellations and thus affect demand for our products. There can be no assurance that any governmental responses to economic conditions or disruptions in the financial markets ultimately will stabilize the markets or increase our customers' liquidity or the availability of credit to our customers. Although no single customer accounts for more than 2% of our sales, a payment default by one of our larger customers could have a negative short-term impact on earnings or liquidity. A financial or industry downturn could have an adverse effect on the collectability of our accounts receivable, which could result in longer payment cycles, increased collection costs and defaults, and limit our ability to borrow additional funds. Should one or more of our larger customers declare bankruptcy, it could adversely affect the collectability of our accounts receivable, along with bad debtcredit loss reserves and net income. In addition, our ability to access the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to do so. The economic, political and financial environment may also affect our business and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict, and there can be no assurance that economic and political instability, both domestically and internationally (for example, resulting from changes to
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trade policies, tariffs or participation in trade agreements or economic and political unions) will not adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows or financial position in the future.
Our business and operations have been and will continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the duration and extent to which it will affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, and stock price remains uncertain.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has created significant disruption to the broader economies, financial markets, workforces, business environment and supply chains, as well as to our suppliers and customers. Beginning in 2020, and continuing through 2021, the pandemic had a significant impact on our business and adversely impacted our results of operations. The pandemic has caused significant disruptions to our business due to, among other things, reduced transportation, restrictions on travel, disruptions to our suppliers and global supply chain, labor shortages, the impact on our customers and their demand for our products and services and ability to pay for them, as well as temporary closures of facilities. Some of the actions we have taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as implementing remote working arrangements, may also create increased vulnerability to cybersecurity incidents and other risks. The duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain and cannot be predicted. The full extent to which the pandemic will continue to impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition depends on many evolving factors and future developments for which there remains significant uncertainty, such as possible resurgences of the virus, including new variants; the availability, effectiveness and public acceptance of treatment or vaccines (including boosters); the impact of the imposition of any vaccine mandates or other governmental actions; and the impact of the pandemic on the global supply chain and the broader economy and capital markets, as well as the matters noted above. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to adversely affect many of our suppliers’ and customers' businesses and operations, including the ability of our suppliers to manufacture or obtain the products we sell or to meet delivery requirements and commitments, and our customers’ demand for our products and services and the ability to pay for them, all of which could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.
Due to the uncertainty of COVID-19, we will continue to assess the situation, including the impact of governmental regulations or restrictions that might be imposed or re-imposed in response to the pandemic. If we are unable to appropriately respond to or manage the impact of these events, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
In addition, the impact of COVID-19 on macroeconomic conditions has adversely affected and may continue to affect the functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity and energy prices, and interest rates. The long-term financial and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic may continue for a significant period and cannot be reliably quantified or estimated at this time due to the uncertainty of these future developments.
Any of these events could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and stock price.
We are subject to various laws and regulations globally and any failure to comply could adversely affect our business.
We are subject to a broad range of laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate globally, including, among others, those relating to data privacy and protection, cyber security, import and export requirements, anti-bribery and corruption, product compliance, supplier regulations regarding the sources of supplies or products, environmental protection, health and safety requirements, intellectual property, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, labor and employment, e-commerce, advertising and marketing, anti-competition and tax. Compliance with these domestic and foreign laws, regulations and requirements may be burdensome, increasing our cost of compliance and doing business. In addition, as a supplier to federal, state, and local government agencies, we must comply with certain laws and regulations relating specifically to our governmental contracts. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to facilitate compliance with these laws, we cannot assure you that our employees, contractors, or agents will not violate such laws and regulations, or our policies and procedures. Any such violations could result in the imposition of fines and penalties, damage to our reputation, and, in the case of laws and regulations relating to governmental contracts, the loss of those contracts.
Fluctuations in foreign currency have an effect on our results from operations.
The results of certain of our foreign operations are reported in the local currency and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. The exchange rates between some of these currencies and the U.S. dollar have fluctuated significantly in recent years, and may continue to do so in the future. We may incur losses related to foreign currency fluctuations, and foreign exchange controls may prevent us from repatriating cash in countries outside the U.S.In addition, because our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, such fluctuations may also affect the comparability of our results between financial periods.
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We may not be able to fully realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings of our merger with Anixter.
On June 22, 2020, we completed our merger with Anixter. The success of the Merger, including anticipated benefits and cost savings, depends on the successful combination and integration of the companies’ businesses. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, higher than expected costs, diversion of management attention, the disruption of either company’s ongoing legacy businesses or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect the combined company’s ability to maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the Merger.
We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, a number of non-recurring costs associated with the Merger and combining the operations of the two companies. This includes transaction fees and expenses related to formulating and implementing integration plans, including facilities, systems consolidation and employment-related costs.We continue to assess the magnitude of these costs, and additional unanticipated costs may be incurred in the integration of the two companies’ businesses.Although we expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, should allow us to offset integration-related costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term, or at all.
If we experience difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized or may take longer to realize than expected. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on us for an undetermined period. In addition, the actual cost savings of the Merger could be less than anticipated.
Expansion into new business activities, industries, product lines or geographic areas could subject the company to increased costs and risks and may not achieve the intended results.
We have invested significantly in expanding our digitalization initiatives, including but not limited to, e-commerce capabilities and online customer experience. If our efforts to expand our digital and service capabilities in this area are not successful, we may not realize the return on our investments as anticipated, or our operating results could be adversely affected by slower than expected sales growth or additional costs. Furthermore, engaging in or significantly expanding business activities in product sourcing, sales and services could subject the company to unexpected costs and risks. Such activities could subject us to increased operating costs, product liability, regulatory requirements and reputational risks. Our expansion into new and existing markets, including manufacturing related or regulated businesses, may present competitive distribution and regulatory challenges that differ from current ones. We may be less familiar with the target customers and may face different or additional risks, as well as increased or unexpected costs, compared to existing operations. Growth into new markets may also bring us into direct competition with companies with whom we have little or no past experience as competitors. To the extent we are reliant upon expansion into new geographic, industry and product markets for growth and do not meet the new challenges posed by such expansion, our future sales growth could be negatively impacted, our operating costs could increase, and our business operations and financial results could be negatively affected.
Our strategic and operational initiatives are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and we may be unable to implement the initiatives successfully.
We are engaged in a number of strategic and operational initiatives designed to optimize costs and improve operational efficiency. Our ability to successfully execute these initiatives is subject to various risks and uncertainties and there can be no assurance regarding the timing of or extent to which we will realize the anticipated benefits, if at all.
Any future acquisitions that we may undertake will involve a number of inherent risks, any of which could cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits.
We have expanded our operations through organic growth and selected acquisitions of businesses and assets, and may seek to do so in the future. Acquisitions involve various inherent risks, including: problems that could arise from the integration of the acquired business; uncertainties in assessing the value, strengths, weaknesses, contingent and other liabilities and potential profitability of acquisition candidates; the potential loss of key employees of an acquired business; the ability to achieve identified operating and financial synergies anticipated to result from an acquisition or other transaction; unanticipated changes in business, industry or general economic conditions that affect the assumptions underlying the acquisition or other transaction rationale; and expansion into new countries or geographic markets where we may be less familiar with operating requirements, target customers and regulatory compliance. Any one or more of these factors could increase our costs or cause us not to realize the benefits anticipated to result from the acquisition of a business or assets.
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Risks Related to Our Information Systems and Technology
Any significant disruption or failure of our information systems, could lead to interruptions in our operations, which may materially adversely affect our business operations, financial condition, and results of operations.
We operate a number of facilities and we coordinate company activities, including information technology systems and administrative services and the like, through our headquarters operations. We rely on the proper functioning and availability of our information systems to successfully operate our business, including managing inventory, processing customer orders, shipping products and providing service to customers, and compiling financial results. Our operations depend on our ability to maintain existing systems and implement new technology, which includes allocating sufficient resources to periodically upgrade our information technology systems, and to protect our equipment and the information stored in our databases against both manmade and natural disasters (including those as a result of climate change), as well as power losses, computer and telecommunications failures, technological breakdowns, unauthorized intrusions, cyber-attacks, and other events. Any significant or prolonged unavailability or failure of our critical information systems could materially impair our ability to maintain proper levels of inventories, process orders, meet the demands of our customers in a timely manner, and other harmful effects.
We seek to continually enhance our information systems, and such changes could potentially create a disruption or failure of our existing information technology. Conversions to new information technology systems may result in cost overruns, delays or business interruptions. Additionally, efforts to align portions of our business on common platforms, systems and processes could result in unforeseen interruptions, increased costs or liability, and other negative effects.If our information technology systems are disrupted, become obsolete or do not adequately support our strategic, operational or compliance needs, it could result in a competitive disadvantage or adversely affect our business operations and financial condition, including our ability to process orders, receive and ship products, maintain inventories, collect accounts receivable and pay expenses, therefore impacting our results of operations.
We may experience a failure in or breach of our information security systems, or those of our third-party product suppliers or service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches.
Because we rely heavily on information technology both in serving our customers and in our enterprise infrastructure in order to achieve our objectives, we may be vulnerable to damage or intrusion from a variety of cyber-attacks, including computer viruses, worms or other malicious software programs that seek to gain to access our systems and networks, or those of our third-party service providers. Additionally, third parties may fraudulently attempt to induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords and other information in order to gain access to our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information, or our information technology systems.Information technology security threats to our systems, networks and data have dramatically increased in recent years due the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators. We have seen, and will continue to see, industry-wide vulnerabilities, such as the Log4j vulnerability reported in December 2021, which could cause widespread disruptions to our or other parties' systems. These threats and vulnerabilities pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our proprietary and confidential information.
Although we actively manage information technology security risks within our control and continually seek to enhance our controls and processes designed to protect our systems, computers, networks and data, there can be no assurance that such actions will be sufficient to mitigate all potential risks.As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. Despite the precautions we take to mitigate the risks of such events, an attack on our enterprise information technology system, or those of third parties with which we do business, could result in theft or unauthorized disclosure of our proprietary or confidential information or a breach of confidential customer, supplier or employee information. Such events could impair our ability to conduct our operations or cause disruptions to our supply chain, which could have an adverse impact on revenue and harm our reputation. Additionally, such an event could expose us to regulatory sanctions or penalties, lawsuits or other legal action or cause us to incur legal liabilities and costs, which could be significant, in order to address and remediate the effects of an attack and related security concerns. The insurance coverage we maintain may be inadequate to cover claims or liabilities relating to a cybersecurity attack.
In addition, the legal and regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy in the U.S. and international jurisdictions is constantly evolving. Violation or non-compliance with any of these laws or regulations, contractual requirements relating to data security and privacy, or our own privacy and security policies, either intentionally or unintentionally, or through the acts of intermediaries could have a material adverse effect on our brand, reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as subject us to significant fines, litigation losses, third-party damages and other liabilities.
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Risks Related to Our Industry, Markets and Business Operations
Loss of key suppliers could decrease sales, profit margins and earnings.
Most of our agreements with suppliers are terminable by either party on 60 days' notice or less for any reason. We currently source products from thousands of suppliers. However, our 10 largest suppliers in 2021 accounted for approximately 31% of our purchases by annual dollar volume for the period. The loss of, or a substantial decrease in the availability of, products from any of these suppliers, a supplier's change in sales strategy to reduce its reliance on distribution channels, the loss of key preferred supplier agreements, or disruptions in a key supplier's operations could have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we believe our relationships with our key suppliers are good, they could change their strategies as a result of a change in control, expansion of their direct sales force, changes in the marketplace or other factors beyond our control, including a key supplier becoming financially distressed.
We have been and may continue to be adversely affected by supply chain challenges, including product shortages, delays and price increases, which could decrease sales, profit margins and earnings.
Supply interruptions could arise from shortages of raw materials, effects of economic, political or financial market conditions on a supplier's operations, labor disputes or weather conditions affecting products or shipments, transportation disruptions, natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, information system disruptions or other reasons beyond our control. The effects of global climate change could also result in natural disasters or extreme weather conditions occurring more frequently or with more intense effects, which could cause or exacerbate supply chain interruptions.
In 2021, our industry and the broader economy have experienced supply chain challenges, including shortages in raw materials and components, labor shortages and transportation constraints, leading to product delays, backlogged orders and longer lead times. While we continue to aggressively and proactively manage these supply chain issues, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, some delays in receiving products from our suppliers. We cannot be certain that particular products will be available to us, or available in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. Continued product shortages and delays could impair our ability to make scheduled deliveries to our customers in a timely manner and cause us to be at a competitive disadvantage.
The product shortages and delays in deliveries, along with other factors such as price inflation and higher transportation costs, have resulted in price increases from our suppliers. We may be unable to pass these price increases on to our customers, which could erode our profit margins. These supply chain constraints, increased product costs and inflationary pressures could continue or escalate in the future, which would have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
The profitability of our business is also dependent upon the efficiency of our supply chain. An inefficient or ineffective supply chain strategy or operations could increase operational costs, decrease sales, profit margins and earnings, which could adversely affect our business.
Product cost fluctuations could decrease sales, profit margins and earnings.
Some of our products, such as wire and conduit, are commodity price based products and may be subject to significant price fluctuations which are beyond our control. Recently, we have experienced increases in commodity costs, as well as in the costs of raw materials and components generally, as a result of global shortages and other macroeconomic trends. Continued increases in these costs could erode our profit margin and negatively impact our results of operations to the extent we are unable to successfully mitigate and offset the impact of these costs.
While increases in the cost of energy or products could have adverse effects, decreases in those costs, particularly if severe, could also adversely impact us by creating deflation in selling prices, which could cause our profit margin to deteriorate. Fluctuations in energy or raw materials costs can also adversely affect our customers.
A decline in project volume could adversely affect our sales and earnings.
While much of our sales and earnings are generated by comparatively smaller and more frequent orders, the fulfillment of large orders for large capital projects generates significant sales and earnings.Accordingly, our results of operations can fluctuate depending on whether and when large project awards occur and the commencement and progress of work under large contracts already awarded.
The awarding and timing of projects is unpredictable and depends on many factors outside of our control.Project awards often involve complex and lengthy negotiations and competitive bidding processes. These processes can be impacted by a wide range of factors including a customer’s decision to not proceed with a project or its inability to obtain necessary governmental approvals or financing, commodity prices, and overall market and economic conditions. Slow macro-economic growth rates, difficult credit market conditions for our customers, weak demand for our customers’ products or other customer spending
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constraints can result in project delays or cancellations. In addition, some our competitors may also be more willing to take greater or unusual risks or include terms and conditions in a contract that we might not deem acceptable.
We have risks associated with the sale of nonconforming products and services.
Historically, we have experienced a small number of cases in which our vendors supplied us with products that did not conform to the agreed upon specifications without our knowledge. Additionally, we may inadvertently sell a product not suitable for a customer’s application. We address this risk through our quality control processes, by seeking to limit liability and our warranty in our customer contracts, by obtaining indemnification rights from vendors and by maintaining insurance responsive to these risks. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to include protective provisions in all of our contracts, that vendors will have the financial capability to fulfill their indemnification obligations to us, or that insurance can be obtained with sufficiently broad coverage or in amounts sufficient to fully protect us.
Disruptions to our logistics capability may have an adverse impact on our operations.
Our global logistics services are operated through distribution centers around the world. An interruption of operations at any of our distribution centers could have a material adverse effect on the operations of branches served by the affected distribution center. Such disaster related risks and effects are not predictable with certainty and, although they typically can be mitigated, they cannot be eliminated. We seek to mitigate our exposures to disaster events in a number of ways. For example, where feasible, we design the configuration of our facilities to reduce the consequences of disasters. We also maintain insurance for our facilities against casualties, and we evaluate our risks and develop contingency plans for dealing with them. Although we have reviewed and analyzed a broad range of risks applicable to our business, the ones that actually affect us may not be those that we have concluded are most likely to occur. Furthermore, although our reviews have led to more systematic contingency planning, our plans are in varying stages of development and execution, such that they may not be adequate at the time of occurrence for the magnitude of any particular disaster event that we may encounter.
We also depend on transportation service providers for the delivery of products to our customers. Any significant interruption or disruption in service at one or more of our distribution centers due to severe weather or natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), information technology upgrades, operating issues, disruptions to our transportation network, public heath crises, pandemics or other unanticipated events, could impair our ability to obtain or deliver inventory in a timely manner, cause cancellations or delays in shipments to customers or otherwise disrupt our normal business operations. The COVID-19 pandemic and responses to it have significantly limited or reduced the transportation of goods globally. Our industry and the broader global economy have been impacted by logistical and transportation constraints, due to reduced workforce, including at ports and warehouses, as well as driver shortages around the world. This has resulted in higher transportation costs and longer delivery times for our suppliers and for our products.
An increase in competition could decrease sales, profit margins, and earnings.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and compete directly with global, national, regional and local providers of like products and services. Some of our existing competitors have, and new market entrants may have, greater resources than us. Competition is generally based on product line breadth, product availability, service capabilities and price. Other sources of competition are buying groups formed by smaller distributors to increase purchasing power and provide some cooperative marketing capability, as well as e-commerce companies. There may be new market entrants with non-traditional business and customer service models, resulting in increased competition and changing industry dynamics.
Existing or future competitors may seek to gain or retain market share by reducing prices, and we may be required to lower our prices or may lose business, which could adversely affect our financial results. We may be subject to supplier price increases while not being able to increase prices to customers. Also, to the extent that we do not meet changing customer preferences or demands, or to the extent that one or more of our competitors becomes more successful with private label products, on-line offerings or otherwise, our ability to attract and retain customers could be materially adversely affected. Existing or future competitors also may seek to compete with us for acquisitions, which could have the effect of increasing the price and reducing the number of suitable acquisitions. These factors, in addition to competitive pressures resulting from the fragmented nature of our industry, could affect our sales, profit margins and earnings.
Changes in tax laws or challenges to the Company's tax positions by taxing authorities could adversely impact the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to taxes in jurisdictions in which we do business, including but not limited to taxes imposed on our income, receipts, stockholders' equity, property, sales, purchases and payroll. As a result, the tax expense we incur can be adversely affected by changes in tax law. We frequently cannot anticipate these changes in tax law, which can cause unexpected volatility in our results of operations. While not limited to the United States (U.S.) and Canada, changesChanges in the tax law at the federal and state/provincial levels, in particular in the U.S. and
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Canada, which accounted for approximately 85% of income before taxes in 2021, can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
On April 19, 2021, Canada Finance introduced its 2021 budget (the “2021 Budget”), which includes proposals to end hybrid mismatch arrangements, effective in two phases – the first on July 1, 2022, and the second no earlier than January 1, 2023. The 2021 Budget also includes proposals to impose an EBITDA-based limitation on the deductibility of interest expense. Canada Finance expected to issue certain aspects of the draft legislation implementing these proposals in 2021, but did not. When the legislation is issued and becomes effective, the tax benefit associated with intercompany financing arrangements disclosed in the reconciliation between the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective tax rate disclosed in Note 12, "Income Taxes" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, could be lost prospectively.
Additionally, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the “OECD”) is developing proposed rules to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the global economy. The so-called two-pillar solution is intended to implement rules addressing 1) nexus and profit allocation in cases where businesses profit from markets in other countries while paying little to no tax in those countries under the current physical presence-based global tax system (so-called “Amount A” of “Pillar One”), 2) standardized intercompany pricing for routine marketing and distribution activities (so-called “Amount B” of “Pillar One”), and 3) a global minimum tax as a catch-all to address residual base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) not addressed by the OECD’s other anti-BEPS measures (so-called “Pillar Two”). Each of the OECD’s member states must enact domestic legislation implementing the OECD’s proposed rules for them to become law. The Company does not expect Amount A of Pillar One to apply to Wesco as it expects to fall below the thresholds required to be within scope of Amount A. The impact of Amount B of Pillar One on the Company’s foreign distribution activities is unclear pending the OECD’s issuance of detailed rules in 2022. The impact of Pillar Two on the Company will depend upon commentary the OECD expects to issue in 2022 related to how the Pillar Two global minimum tax system will coexist with the U.S. Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) rules.
Finally, the tax laws to which the Company is subject are inherently complex and ambiguous. Therefore, we must interpret the applicable laws and make subjective judgments about the expected outcome upon challenge by the applicable taxing authorities. As a result, the impact on our results from operations of the application of enacted tax laws to our facts and circumstances is sometimes uncertain. If a tax authority successfully challenges our interpretation and application of the tax law to our facts and circumstances, there can be no assurance that we can accurately predict the outcome and the taxes ultimately owed upon effective settlement, which may differ from the tax expense recognized in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss) and accrued in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, if we cannot meet liquidity requirements in the U.S., we may have to repatriate funds from overseas, which would result in additional income taxes being incurred on the amount repatriated.
Our outstanding indebtedness requires debt service commitments that could adversely affect our ability to fulfill our obligations and could limit our growth and impose restrictions on our business.business, and fluctuations in interest rates could affect the cost of our indebtedness.
In 2020, we incurred significant additional indebtedness to finance the merger with Anixter, which increased our interest expense from historical levels. As a result, a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations must be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to us for other purposes. As of December 31, 2019,2021, excluding debt discount and debt issuance costs, we had $1.3$4.8 billion of consolidated indebtedness. We and our subsidiaries may also undertake additional borrowings in the future, subject to certain limitations contained in the debt instruments governing our indebtedness.
Over the next three years, we will be required to repay or refinance approximately $942.6 million$1.3 billion of our currently outstanding indebtedness.
Our debt service obligations impact our ability to operate and grow our business. Our payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness reduce the amount of funds available to us to invest in operations, future business opportunities, acquisitions, and other potentially beneficial activities. Our debt service obligations also reduce our flexibility to adjust to changing market conditions and may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic, financial
market and industry conditions. A portion of our indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under our accounts receivable securitization and revolving credit facilities, bears interest at variable rates. In the future, we may also incur additional indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates. In a rising interest rate environment, the interest expense on our variable rate borrowings will increase. Our ability to service and refinance our indebtedness, make scheduled payments on our operating leases and fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or other business opportunities, will depend in large part on both our future performance and the availability of additional financing in the future. future, as well as prevailing interest rates and other market conditions and other factors beyond our control.We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
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There can be no assurance that our business will continue to generate sufficient cash flows from operations in the future to service our debt, make necessary capital expenditures, or meet other cash needs. If we do not achieve the expected benefits and cost savings from the merger with Anixter, or if the financial performance of the combined company does not meet current expectations, then our ability to service or repay our indebtedness may be adversely impacted. If unable to do so, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt, sell assets, or obtain additional financing. If we are unable to repay indebtedness, lenders having secured obligations could proceed against the collateral securing these obligations.
Our debt agreements contain restrictionsrestrictive covenants that may limit our ability to operate our business.
Our credit facilities require us to maintain specific earnings to fixed expense ratios and to meet minimum net worth requirements in certain circumstances. In addition, our credit facilities and our other debt agreements, including those governing the debt financings incurred in connection with the recent merger with Anixter, contain and any of our future debt agreements may contain, additional covenant restrictionsvarious covenants that restrict or limit our ability to, operate ouramong other things:
•incur additional indebtedness or create liens on assets
•engage in mergers, acquisitions or consolidations,
•make loans or other investments,
•transfer, lease or dispose of assets outside the ordinary course of business,
•pay dividends, repurchase equity interests, make other payments with respect to equity interests, repay or are dependent upon our futurerepurchase subordinated debt, and
•engage in affiliate transactions.
In addition, certain of these debt agreements contain financial performance.
covenants that may require us to maintain certain financial ratios and other requirements in certain circumstances. As a result of these covenants, our ability to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional financing, if needed, may be significantly restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions or taking advantage of new business opportunities that might otherwise be beneficial to us. Our ability to comply with these covenants and restrictions may be affected by economic, financial and industry conditions or regulatory changes beyond our control. Failure to comply with these covenants or restrictions could result in an event of default, under our revolving lines of credit or the indentures governing certain of our outstanding notes which, if not cured or waived, could accelerate our repayment obligations.See the liquidity section in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis" for further details.
We are subject to costs and risks associated with global laws and regulations affecting our business, as well as litigation for product liability or other matters affecting our business.
The global legal and regulatory environment is complex and exposes us to compliance costs and risks, as well as litigation and other legal proceedings, which could materially affect our operations and financial results. These laws and regulations may change, sometimes significantly, as a result of political or economic events, and some changes are anticipated to occur in the coming year. They include tax laws and regulations covering taxation, trade, import and export, laws and regulations, labor and employment laws(including wage and regulations,hour), product safety, product labeling, occupational safety and health, lawsdata privacy, data protection, and regulations,environmental matters (including those relating to global climate change and its impact). We are also subject to securities and exchange laws and regulations data privacy laws and regulations (and other laws applicable to publicly-traded companies such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), and environmental laws and regulations.Act. Furthermore, as a government contractor selling to federal, state and local government entities, we are also subject to a wide variety of additional laws and regulations. Proposed laws and regulations in these and other areas could affect the cost of our business operations.
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings, audits or investigations which may relate to, for example, product liability, labor and employment (including wage and hour), tax, escheat, import and export compliance, government contracts, worker health and safety, and general commercial and securities matters. While we believe the outcome of any pending matter is unlikely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity, additional legal proceedings may arise in the future and the outcome of these as well as other contingencies could require us to take actions, which could adversely affect our operations or could require us to pay substantial amounts of money.
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We must attract, retain and if these conditions are not satisfied or waived, the merger will not be completed.
Our success depends on hiring, retaining and stock price.
There is a risk that the cost and availability of future borrowings and, accordingly, our cost of capital. Our ratings reflect each rating organization’s opinionmarket value of our financial strength, operating performancecommon stock may decline.
Stock markets have experienced significant price and abilitytrading volume fluctuations, and the market prices of companies in our industry have been volatile. For some issuers, the markets have exerted downward pressure on stock prices and credit capacity. It is impossible to meet our debt obligations. In connection withpredict whether the debt financing, it is anticipated that we will seek ratingsprice of our indebtedness from Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s. There can be no assurance that we will achieve a particular rating or maintain a particular rating in the future.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
We have approximately 500operate a network of nearly 700 branches and warehouse locations that hold inventory, and over 100 sales offices, with operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world. This includes 43 facilities with square footage between 100,000 and 500,000 that operate as regional distribution centers or large branch locations, of which approximately 34034 are located in the United States, approximately 130U.S., six are located in Canada, seven are located in Mexico and the remaindertwo are in other countries located in Africa, Asia, Europe and one is in South America. Approximately 13%8% of our branchesfacilities are owned, facilities, and the remainder are leased.
We also lease our 109,000118,000 square-foot headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We do not regard the real property associated with any single branch locationfacility as material to our operations. We believe our facilities are in good operating condition and are adequate for their respective uses.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, a number of lawsuits and claims have been or may be asserted against us relating to the conduct of our business, including litigation relating to commercial, product and employment matters.matters (including wage and hour). The outcome of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits may be determined adversely to us. However, management does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any such pending matters is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity, although the resolution in any fiscal period of one or more of these matters may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for that period.
Information relating to legal proceedings is disclosed in Note 16, "Commitments and Contingencies,"Contingencies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market, Stockholder and Dividend Information. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WCC.”“WCC”. As of February 21, 2020,24, 2022, there were 41,873,05350,703,285 shares of common stock outstanding held by approximately 17850 holders of record. We have not paid dividends on our common stock and do not currently plan to pay common dividends. We do, however, evaluate the possibility from time to time. It is currently expected that earnings generated between signing and closing the Anixter merger will be used to support growth initiatives and debt reduction. In addition, ourthe terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, 2021as well as the indentures governing the 7.125% Senior Notes due 2025 and 20247.250% Senior Notes due 2028 limit our ability to pay dividends and repurchase our common stock. See Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. On December 13, 2017, WESCO announced that its Board
The following table sets forth all issuer purchases of Directors approved, on December 7, 2017, the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company's common stock throughduring the three months ended December 31, 2020. On October 31, 2018,2021:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1, 2021 – October 31, 2021 | 422 | $ | 125.64 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1, 2021 – November 30, 2021 | 44,002 | $ | 134.43 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1, 2021 – December 31, 2021 | 3,107 | $ | 130.48 | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 47,531 | $ | 134.09 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) These shares were surrendered by stock-based compensation plan participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising from the Company's Boardexercise of Directors approved an increase to the authorization from $300 million to $400 million. As disclosed in Note 13stock-settled stock appreciation rights and vesting of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, as of December 31, 2019, 5,459,030 shares had been repurchased for $275.0 million under this repurchase authorization.restricted stock units.
Company Performance. The following stock price performance graph illustrates the cumulative total return on an investment in WESCOWesco International, a 20192021 Performance Peer Group, and the Russell 2000 Index. The graph covers the period from December 31, 20142016 to December 31, 2019,2021, and assumes that the value for each investment was $100 on December 31, 2019,2016, and that all dividends were reinvested.
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| Applied Industrial Technologies, Inc. | Fastenal Company | Rexel SA | ||||||
| Arrow Electronics, Inc. | Genuine Parts Company | Rockwell Automation, Inc. | ||||||
| Avnet, Inc. | Hubbell, Inc. | W.W. Grainger, Inc. | ||||||
| Barnes Group | MRC Global, Inc. | |||||||
| Eaton Corporation Plc | MSC Industrial Direct Co., Inc. | |||||||
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.[Reserved]
| Income Statement Data: | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share data) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 8,358.9 | $ | 8,176.6 | $ | 7,679.0 | $ | 7,336.0 | $ | 7,518.5 | |||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 6,777.5 | 6,609.2 | 6,194.4 | 5,887.8 | 6,024.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,173.1 | 1,151.9 | 1,101.5 | 1,050.8 | 1,056.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 62.1 | 63.0 | 64.0 | 66.9 | 65.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 346.2 | 352.5 | 319.1 | 330.5 | 372.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Net interest and other | 64.2 | 71.4 | 66.6 | 75.1 | 68.6 | ||||||||||||||
Loss on debt extinguishment(1) | — | — | — | 123.9 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 282.0 | 281.1 | 252.5 | 131.5 | 303.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 59.9 | 55.7 | 89.3 | 30.4 | 95.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 222.1 | 225.4 | 163.2 | 101.1 | 208.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 223.3 | $ | 227.4 | $ | 163.5 | $ | 101.6 | $ | 210.7 | |||||||||
| Earnings per common share attributable to WESCO International | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 5.18 | $ | 4.87 | $ | 3.42 | $ | 2.30 | $ | 4.85 | |||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 5.14 | $ | 4.82 | $ | 3.38 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 4.18 | |||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 43.1 | 46.7 | 47.8 | 44.1 | 43.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 43.5 | 47.2 | 48.4 | 48.3 | 50.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Financial Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | 44.1 | $ | 36.2 | $ | 21.5 | $ | 18.0 | $ | 21.7 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 224.4 | 296.7 | 149.1 | 300.2 | 283.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (60.8 | ) | (34.1 | ) | (5.3 | ) | (70.5 | ) | (170.2 | ) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (109.8 | ) | (275.1 | ) | (141.2 | ) | (276.3 | ) | (67.8 | ) | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,017.6 | $ | 4,605.0 | $ | 4,735.5 | $ | 4,431.8 | $ | 4,569.7 | |||||||||
Total debt (including current and short-term debt)(2) | 1,283.8 | 1,223.5 | 1,348.6 | 1,385.3 | 1,483.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 2,258.7 | 2,129.7 | 2,116.1 | 1,963.6 | 1,727.5 | ||||||||||||||
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The matters discussed herein may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Certain of these risks are set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP"), our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations includes certain non-GAAP financial measures, which are defined further below. These financial measures include earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, financial leverage, free cash flow, adjusted income from operations, adjusted other non-operating expenses (income), adjusted provision for income taxes, adjusted income before income taxes, adjusted net income, adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc., adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders, and adjusted earnings per diluted share. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors as they provide a better understanding of sales performance, and the use of debt and liquidity on a comparable basis. Additionally, certain non-GAAP measures either focus on or exclude items impacting comparability of results, and the related income tax effect of such items, allowing investors to more easily compare our financial performance from period to period. Management does not use these non-GAAP financial measures for any purpose other than the reasons stated above.
Company Overview
WESCO International, Inc. (“Wesco International”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wesco” or the "Company"), headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading provider of business-to-business distribution, logistics services and supply chain solutions.
On June 22, 2020, we completed our acquisition of Anixter International Inc. ("Anixter"), a Delaware corporation. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 10, 2020, by and among Anixter, Wesco and Warrior Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco (“Merger Sub”), Merger Sub was merged with and into Anixter (the “Merger”), with Anixter surviving the Merger and continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco. On June 23, 2020, Anixter merged with and into Anixter Inc., with Anixter Inc. surviving to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco.
We employ approximately 18,000 people, maintain relationships with approximately 45,000 suppliers, and serve approximately 140,000 customers worldwide. With nearly 1,500,000 products, end-to-end supply chain services, and extensive digital capabilities, we provide innovative solutions to meet customer needs across commercial and industrial businesses, contractors, government agencies, institutions, telecommunications providers, and utilities. Our 2019innovative value-added solutions include supply chain management, logistics and transportation, procurement, warehousing and inventory management, as well as kitting and labeling, limited assembly of products and installation enhancement. We have approximately 800 branches, warehouses and sales offices with operations in more than 50 countries, providing a local presence for customers and a global network to serve multi-location businesses and multi-national corporations.
In 2021, we established a new corporate brand strategy to adopt a single, master brand architecture. This initiative reflects our corporate integration strategy and simplifies engagement for our customers and suppliers. As a result, we will begin migrating certain legacy sub-brands to the master brand architecture over the course of the next twelve to eighteen months. Due to the strength of its recognition with customers and suppliers, we will continue to use the Anixter brand name as part of the master brand strategy for the foreseeable future.
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We have operating segments that are organized around three strategic business units consisting of Electrical & Electronic Solutions ("EES"), Communications & Security Solutions ("CSS") and Utility & Broadband Solutions ("UBS"). These operating segments are equivalent to our reportable segments. See Item 1, “Business” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of each of our reportable segments and their business activities.
The comparability of the financial performance of our reportable segments for 2021 relative to the prior year is impacted by the fact that 2020 includes the results of operations of Anixter for only the second half of 2020.
Overall Financial Performance
Our financial results for 2021 compared to 2020 reflect recordthe merger with Anixter on June 22, 2020, double-digit sales growth, margin expansion, as well as the realization of integration cost synergies and structural cost takeout actions, partially offset by higher volume-related costs, and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") payroll and payroll-related expenses consisting of salaries, variable compensation expense and benefit costs. Our 2020 financial results reflected the half year impact of the merger with growth in our end markets and geographies, a challenging pricing environment, and effective capital deployment. SalesAnixter, partially offset by unfavorable business conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Net sales for 2021 increased $182.3 million,$5.9 billion, or 2.2%47.8%, over the prior year. Foreign exchange rates andIn addition to the number of workdays negatively impacted net sales by 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively, and were partially offset by the positive 0.8% impact from acquisitions, resulting in organic sales growth of 2.6%.the Merger, the increase reflects improved economic conditions and strong demand. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 79.2% and 81.1% for 2021 and 80.8% in 20192020, respectively. The decrease of 190 basis points reflects strong execution on supplier price increases and 2018, respectively. Operatingcost initiatives to offset inflation, along with higher supplier volume rebate income, partially offset by higher expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, including a 14 basis point impact from the write-down to the carrying value of certain personal protective equipment products. Cost of goods sold for 2020 includes merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million, as well as an out-of-period adjustment of $18.9 million related to inventory cost absorption accounting. Adjusted for these amounts, cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was $346.280.6%.
Income from operations was $801.9 million for 2019,2021, compared to $352.4$347.0 million for 2018.2020. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales was 4.4% for the current year, compared to 2.8% for the prior year. Income from operations for 2021 includes merger-related and integration costs of $158.5 million and a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada during the first quarter of 2021, which were divested in connection with the Merger. Additionally, we recognized $32.0 million of amortization expense resulting from changes in the estimated useful lives of certain legacy trademarks that are migrating to our master brand architecture, as described in Note 2, "Accounting Policies" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Adjusted for $3.1these items, income from operations was $983.5 million, or 5.4% of transactionnet sales. For 2020, income from operations adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, and merger-related fair value adjustments totaling $175.9 million, an out-of-period adjustment related to our merger with Anixter, announcedinventory cost absorption accounting of $18.9 million, as well as a gain on January 10, 2020,sale of a U.S. operating branch of $19.8 million was $522.0 million, or 4.2% of net sales. For 2021, income from operations improved compared to the prior year across all segments and reflects sales growth and lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, as well as the realization of integration cost synergies and structural cost takeout actions. Income from operations for 2021 was $349.3 million for 2019. Net income attributablenegatively impacted by higher volume-related costs, and SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses consisting of salaries, variable compensation expense and benefit costs, including the impact of reinstating salaries and certain benefits of legacy Wesco employees that had been reduced or suspended in the prior year in response to WESCO International for 2019 and 2018 was $223.4 million and $227.3 million, respectively. the COVID-19 pandemic.
Earnings per diluted share attributable to WESCO Internationalfor 2021 was $5.14 in 2019,$7.84, based on 43.552.0 million diluted shares, compared withto $1.51 for 2020, based on 46.6 million diluted shares. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, accelerated trademark amortization expense, net gain on Canadian divestitures, a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans, and the related income tax effects, earnings per diluted share was $9.98 for 2021. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, gain on sale of $4.82 in 2018, based on 47.2 million diluted shares. Excludinga U.S. operating branch, and the impact of the merger-related transaction costs of $0.06, adjustedrelated income tax effects, earnings per diluted share was $4.37 for 2019 was a record $5.20.2020. Adjusted earnings per diluted share increased 128% year-over-year.
We provideexperienced a full-lineresurgence in demand from many of electrical, industrialour customers during 2021. We also experienced some delays in receiving products from our suppliers. We aggressively managed these supply chain issues, which included increasing inventory levels to service our customers. We believe that these issues unfavorably impacted our net sales by approximately 1% in 2021. Our industry and communications MROthe broader economy are experiencing supply chain challenges, including product delays and OEM products, constructionbacklogged orders, shortages in raw materials and advancedcomponents, labor shortages, transportation challenges, and higher costs. We anticipate that these supply chain managementchallenges, as well as inflationary pressures, will extend into 2022. We intend to continue to actively manage the impact of inflation on our results of operations. We cannot reasonably estimate possible future impacts at this time.
Beginning in 2020, and logistics servicescontinuing through 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on our business, and there continues to customers globally. Approximately 75%be ongoing uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including with respect to the economic
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conditions and possible resurgence of COVID-19, potential new variants of the virus, and the availability, effectiveness and public acceptance of treatments and vaccines. As the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic remain uncertain and cannot be predicted, there is significant uncertainty as to the ultimate impact it will have on our business and our results of operations and financial condition. Events and factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic include limitations on the ability of our sales in 2019 were from customers insuppliers to manufacture or procure the United Statesproducts we sell or to meet delivery requirements and 25% were from international customers, primarily in Canada. Our end markets consist of industrial firms, electrical and data communications contractors, utilities, and commercial organizations, institutions and government entities. Our transaction typescommitments; disruptions to these markets can be categorized as stock, direct ship and special order. Stock orders are filled directly from existing inventory and represent approximately 52% of total sales. Approximately 37%our global supply chains; limitations on the ability of our total sales are direct ship sales. Direct ship sales are typically custom-builtemployees to perform their work due to travel or other restrictions; limitations on the ability of carriers to deliver our products large ordersto our customers; limitations on the ability of our customers to conduct their business and purchase our products and services, or products that are too bulkypay us on a timely basis; and disruptions to easily handle and, as a result, are shipped directlyour customers’ purchasing patterns. In response to the customer fromCOVID-19 pandemic, we have taken actions focused on protecting the supplier. Special ordershealth and safety of our employees, which is our top priority.
The products and services that we provide are for products that are not ordinarily stockedintegral to the daily operations of our customers and accordingly, we have taken actions to maintain the continuity of our operations in inventory and are ordered based on a customer’s specific request. Special orders representresponse to the remaining 11% of total sales.
pandemic. We have historically financedexperienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations in customer demand for certain of our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchasesproducts and services, including changes in project plans or timing due to circumstances affecting our customers, suppliers and other third parties. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business and financial results going forward remains uncertain and will depend on many factors outside of our control, including the duration and scope of the pandemic, the emergence and effects of potential new branch openings through internally-generated cash flow, debt issuances, borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facilityvariants, the availability of effective treatments and funding through our Receivables Facility. We expect to financevaccines (including vaccine boosters), rates of vaccination, imposition of protective public safety measures, the Anixter merger utilizing new debt issuances, borrowings under our existing Receivables Facility and a new asset based revolving credit facility. We also expect to offer additional sharesimpact of WESCO common stock and /vaccine mandates or other equity or equity-linked securities to fund a portiongovernmental actions, and the overall impact of the consideration forCOVID-19 pandemic on the merger.global economy and capital markets.
Cash Flow
We generated $224.4$67.1 million inof operating cash flow during 2019. Cash2021. Net cash provided by operating activities included net income of $222.2$466.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $83.2$132.2 million, which were offset byprimarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $198.6 million, deferred income taxes of $78.3 million, a gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans of $36.6 million, as described in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, stock-based compensation expense of $30.8 million, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $19.2 million, and a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, as described in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Operating cash flow also included changes in assets and liabilities of $81.0 million. $531.5 million, which were primarily comprised of an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from significant sales growth and an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand while maintaining high service levels against global supply chain challenges due to the pandemic, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory.
Investing activities primarily included $44.1$56.0 million of net proceeds from the Canadian divestitures and $54.7 million of capital expenditures $27.6mostly consisting of internal-use computer software and information technology hardware to support our digital transformation initiatives, as well as equipment to support of the Company's global network of branches, warehouses and sales offices.
Financing activities were primarily comprised of the redemption of our $500.0 million to acquire Sylvania Lighting Services Corp. ("SLS"aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the "2021 Notes") and $16.8$354.7 million aggregate principal amount of proceeds from the sale of assets. Financing activities consisted ofour 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes"), borrowings and repayments of $715.4$2,353.4 million and $767.4$2,006.4 million, respectively, related to our Revolvingrevolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility,Facility"), and borrowings and repayments of $590.0$878.0 million and $450.0$558.0 million, respectively, related to our Receivables Facility, $24.8accounts receivable securitization facility (the "Receivables Facility"). Financing activities for 2021 also included $57.4 million appliedof dividends paid to fully repayingholders of our Term Loan Facility, as well asSeries A Preferred Stock, net repayments onrelated to our various international lines of credit of $5.0 million. Additionally, financing activities for 2019 included the repurchase of $150.0approximately $20.3 million, and $27.2 million of the Company's common stock pursuantpayments for taxes related to the share repurchase plan announced on December 13, 2017exercise and amended on October 31, 2018.vesting of stock-based awards.
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Free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 was $180.3$93.5 million and $260.5$586.1 million, respectively.
The following table sets forth the components of free cash flow:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||
| Cash flow provided by operations | $ | 224.4 | $ | 296.7 | |||
| Less: Capital expenditures | (44.1 | ) | (36.2 | ) | |||
| Free cash flow | $ | 180.3 | $ | 260.5 | |||
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow provided by operations | $ | 67.1 | $ | 543.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Capital expenditures | (54.7) | (56.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Merger-related cash costs | 81.2 | 98.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 93.5 | $ | 586.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Note: The table above reconciles cash flow provided by operations to free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure of liquidity. Capital expenditures are deducted from operating cash flow to determine free cash flow. Free cash flow is available to fund investing and financing activities. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we paid certain fees, expenses and other costs related to Wesco's merger with Anixter. Such expenditures have been added back to operating cash flow to determine free cash flow for such periods.
Free cash flow for the current year was lower than the prior year primarily due to changes in working capital, including an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from the significant sales growth, an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand while maintaining high service levels against global supply chain challenges due to the pandemic, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory. Net working capital days improved approximately 6 days from the prior year-end driven by responsively managing working capital in a high-growth, supply-constrained environment.
Financing Availability
On June 1, 2021, we amended our Receivables Facility to increase its borrowing capacity from $1,200 million to $1,300 million, extend its maturity date from June 22, 2023 to June 21, 2024, decrease its LIBOR floor from 0.50% to 0.00% and decrease its interest rate spread from 1.20% to 1.15%. Borrowings under the amended accounts receivable securitization facility and revolving credit facility were used to redeem our $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2019,2021, we had $563.8$564.8 million in total available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, which was comprised of $381.4 million of availability under the U.S. sub-facility and $182.4 million of availability under the Canadian sub-facility.Facility. Available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility was $185.0$30.0 million. These debt facilities were amended and restated in September 2019. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Receivables Facility mature in SeptemberJune 2025 and June 2024, and September 2022, respectively. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding these facilities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP)(U.S. GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations, including those related to supplier programs, bad debts, inventories, insurance costs, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation.defined benefit pension plans. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to reserve items may be required. We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical accounting policies affect our judgments and estimates used into the preparationunderstanding of our consolidated financial statements.
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Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, using information available at the end of September, or more frequently if triggering events occur, indicating that their carrying valuevalues may not be recoverable. We test for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit levellevel. We first assess qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant events such as changes in key personnel, changes in the evaluation involvescomposition or carrying amount of the net assets of a reporting unit, and changes in in share price, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units are less than their carrying values. If the qualitative assessment indicates that the fair values of our reporting units may not exceed their respective carrying values, then we perform a quantitative test for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. TheWe determine the fair values of theour reporting units are determined using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and consideration of market multiples. Assumptions used for these fair value techniques,The discounted cash flow analysis uses certain assumptions, including expected operating margin and discount rate, are based onmargins supported by a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events.events, which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use a discount rate that reflects market participants' cost of capital. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief-from-royalty method based on projected financial information. Significant inputs used in the relief-from-royalty method include projected revenues, discount rates, royalty rates, and applicable income tax rates.
We performed our annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2021 by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets were less than their respective carrying amounts. As a result of this assessment, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets continued to exceed their respective carrying amounts and, therefore, a quantitative impairment test was unnecessary.
The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment, particularly as it relates to the underlying assumptions and we apply ourfactors around expected operating margins and discount rate. Management applies its best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. Fair values are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Liabilities and expenses for defined benefit pension plans are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the interest rate used to discount the future estimated cash flows, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, duringand several assumptions relating to the fourth quarter. A possible indicatoremployee workforce (salary increases, retirement age, and mortality).
Liabilities for defined benefit pension plans are particularly sensitive to changes in the discount rate. At the end of goodwill impairmenteach fiscal year, we determine the discount rate to measure our defined benefit pension plan liabilities at their present value. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the defined benefit pension plan liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year. This rate is estimated using a yield curve based on corporate bond data, which we believe is consistent with observable market conditions and industry standards for developing spot rate curves. The consolidated weighted-average discount rate used to measure the relationshipprojected benefit obligation of a company’s market capitalization to its book value. As ofall plans was 2.6% and 2.2% at December 31, 2019, our market capitalization exceeded our book value2021 and the fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values. Accordingly, there were no impairment losses identified as2020, respectively. As a result of our annual test.
See Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding defined benefit pension plans.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets at amounts that are expected to be realized. To make such determination, management evaluates all positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to, prior, current and future taxable income, tax planning strategies and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more-likely-than-not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. We regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.
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We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a "more-likely-than-not" recognition threshold. Due to the subjectivity inherent in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions, the tax benefit ultimately recognized may materially differ from the estimate.estimate recognized in the consolidated financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as part of interest expense and income tax expense, respectively.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 79.2 | 81.1 | 81.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 15.3 | 15.1 | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 4.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (0.3) | — | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 0.4 | 0.2 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | 2.2 | % | 0.6 | % | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 81.1 | 80.8 | 80.7 | |||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.3 | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||||
| Income from operations | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.2 | |||||
| Net interest and other | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
| Income before income taxes | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | |||||
| Provision for income taxes | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.2 | |||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | 2.7 | % | 2.8 | % | 2.1 | % | ||
Net Sales. Net sales in 2019 increased 2.2% to $8.4 billion, compared with $8.2 billion in 2018. Organic sales for 2019 grew by 2.6% as foreign exchange rates and the number of workdays negatively impacted net sales by 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively, and were partially offset by the positive 0.8% impact from acquisitions.
The following table sets forth organicnet sales growth:by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 7,621,263 | $ | 5,479,760 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 5,715,238 | 3,323,264 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 4,881,011 | 3,522,971 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | ||||||||||
CSS reported net sales of $5.7 billion for 2021, compared to $3.3 billion for 2020, an increase of 72.0%. The increase reflects the impact of the Merger and broad-based growth in our security solutions and network infrastructure businesses.
UBS reported net sales of $4.9 billion for 2021, compared to $3.5 billion for 2020, an increase of 38.5%. Along with the first yearimpact of ownership, foreign exchange ratesthe Merger, the increase reflects broad-based growth in our utility business and numbercontinued strong demand in our broadband business.
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Cost of Goods Sold.
Cost of goods sold for 20192021 was $6.8$14.4 billion compared to $6.6$10.0 billion for 2018.2020, an increase of $4.4 billion, reflecting the merger with Anixter. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 79.2% and 81.1% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of 190 basis points reflects strong execution on supplier price increases and cost initiatives to offset inflation, along with higher supplier volume rebate income, partially offset by higher expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, including write-downs totaling $26.2 million to the carrying value of certain personal protective equipment products. These write-downs of inventory impacted cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2021 by 14 basis points. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was 80.6% excluding the effect of merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million and an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting of $18.9 million.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include payroll and payroll-related costs, shipping and handling, travel and entertainment, facilities, utilities, information technology expenses, professional and consulting fees, credit losses, gains (losses) on the sale of property and equipment, as well as real estate and personal property taxes. SG&A expenses for 2021 totaled $2.8 billion versus $1.9 billion for 2020. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 15.3% and 15.1%, respectively. The increase in SG&A expenses of $932.6 million, or 50.2%, primarily reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. SG&A expenses for 2021 were favorably impacted by the realization of integration synergies and structural cost takeout actions. SG&A expenses for 2021 include merger-related and integration costs of $158.5 million, as well as a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, which were divested during the first quarter of 2021 in connection with the Merger. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.5% of net sales for 2021. SG&A expenses for 2020 include $132.2 million of merger-related and integration costs, as well as a gain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S. of $19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.2% of net sales for 2020, reflecting lower sales and the merger with Anixter, partially offset by cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that lowered SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales by approximately 40 basis points.
SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses for 2021 of $1.8 billion increased by $589.5 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses in the current year were negatively impacted by higher salaries, variable compensation expense and benefit costs, including the impact of reinstating salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees that had been reduced or suspended in the prior year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
SG&A expenses not related to payroll and payroll-related costs for 2021 were $991.1 million, an increase of $343.1 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, these SG&A expenses for the current year were negatively impacted by higher professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses resulting from integration activities and digital transformation initiatives. Shipping and handling costs also increased in 2021 due to sales volume growth. The gain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S., as described above, positively impacted SG&A expenses in 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $77.0 million to $198.6 million for 2021, compared to $121.6 million for 2020. The current period includes $63.3 million attributable to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired in the merger with Anixter, as well as $32.0 million resulting from changes in the estimated useful lives of certain legacy trademarks that are migrating to our master brand architecture, as described in Note 2, "Accounting Policies" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We expect to recognize approximately $10.0 million of amortization expense for trademarks migrating to our master brand architecture in 2022 and $5.3 million thereafter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 542,059 | $ | 395,343 | $ | 412,740 | $ | (548,269) | $ | 801,873 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations was $801.9 million for 2021, compared to $347.0 million for 2020. The increase of $454.8 million, or 131.1%, primarily reflects the merger with Anixter. For 2021, income from operations improved compared to the prior year across all segments and reflects sales growth and lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, as well as the realization of integration cost synergies and structural cost takeout actions. Income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by higher volume-related costs, and SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, as described above. Income from operations for 2021 was not materially effected by higher pricing related to inflation given the offsetting effect of higher costs for certain products.
EES reported income from operations of $542.1 million for 2021, compared to $260.2 million for 2020. The increase of $281.9 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $4.4 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $13.3 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
CSS reported income from operations of $395.3 million for 2021, compared to $217.2 million for 2020. The increase of $178.1 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $21.1 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $17.4 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
UBS reported income from operations of $412.7 million for 2021, compared to $231.7 million for 2020. The increase of $181.0 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above, combined with the benefit from the net gain on the Canadian divestitures.
Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $548.3 million for 2021, compared to $362.0 million for 2020. The increase of $186.3 million primarily reflects the merger with Anixter, as well as merger-related and integration costs, higher SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses, as described above.
Interest Expense, net
Net interest expense totaled $268.1 million for 2021, compared to $226.6 million for 2020. The increase of $41.5 million, or 18.3%, was driven by financing activity related to the merger with Anixter. As a result of the redemption of our 2024 Notes and amendment to the Receivables Facility, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, total interest expense was reduced by approximately $2.0 million in 2021, and is expected to be reduced by $18.0 million per year thereafter based on current interest rates.
Other Income, net
Other non-operating income ("other income, net") totaled $48.1 million for 2021, compared to $2.4 million for 2020, an increase of $45.7 million. As disclosed in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we recognized net benefits of $53.2 million and $8.2 million associated with the non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. Due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies, we recorded foreign currency exchange losses of $2.8 million and $4.9 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $115.5 million for 2021, compared to $22.8 million for 2020, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.9% and 18.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the current year was favorably impacted by a change in the mix of domestic and foreign earnings, tax benefits related to certain foreign derived intangible income, and a reduction in the valuation allowance recorded against certain foreign tax credit carryforwards. The effective tax rate in the prior year was impacted by one-time items associated with the Anixter merger.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income for 2021 was $466.4 million, compared to $100.0 million for 2020.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $1.0 million for 2021, compared to a net loss of $0.5 million for 2020.
Preferred stock dividends expense, which relates to the fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger, was $57.4 million for 2021 compared to $30.1 million for 2020.
Net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $408.0 million and $7.84, respectively, for 2021, compared with $70.4 million and $1.51, respectively, for 2020. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs,
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accelerated trademark amortization expense, net gain on Canadian divestitures, gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $519.3 million and $9.98, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $203.6 million and $4.37, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following tables reconcile income from operations, other non-operating income, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted income from operations, adjusted other non-operating income, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 801,873 | $ | 347,038 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 158,484 | 132,236 | |||||||||
| Accelerated trademark amortization | 32,021 | — | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | — | 43,693 | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | — | 18,852 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets and divestitures | (8,927) | (19,816) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Other Income, net: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Other income, net | $ | (48,112) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Curtailment gain | 36,580 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | $ | (11,532) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 115,510 | $ | 22,803 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations and other income, net(1) | 33,672 | 41,817 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 149,182 | $ | 64,620 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been tax effected at rates of 23.5% and 23.9%, respectively. The adjustment to other-non operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 has been tax effected at a rate of 24.6% as the majority of the curtailment gain relates to our Canadian defined benefit pension plans.
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 268,073 | 226,591 | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | (11,532) | (2,395) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 726,910 | 297,807 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 149,182 | 64,620 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 577,728 | 233,187 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1,020 | (521) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 576,708 | 233,708 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 57,408 | 30,139 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 519,300 | $ | 203,569 | |||||||
| Diluted shares | 52,030 | 46,625 | |||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 9.98 | $ | 4.37 | |||||||
Note: For the year ended December 31, 2021, income from operations, other non-operating income, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, a net gain on the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, accelerated trademark amortization expense associated with migrating to our master brand architecture, a curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans, and the related income tax effects. For the year ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, a gain on sale of an operating branch in the U.S., and the related income tax effects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin %
The following tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 543,633 | $ | 394,031 | $ | 412,698 | $ | (942,388) | $ | 407,974 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 298 | — | — | 722 | 1,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 57,408 | 57,408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 115,510 | 115,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 268,073 | 268,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 55,998 | 82,870 | 22,447 | 37,239 | 198,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 599,929 | $ | 476,901 | $ | 435,145 | $ | (463,436) | $ | 1,048,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net(1) | (1,872) | 1,312 | 42 | (47,594) | (48,112) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(2) | 6,404 | 2,607 | 2,107 | 14,581 | 25,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 158,484 | 158,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on Canadian divestitures | — | — | (8,927) | — | (8,927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 604,461 | $ | 480,820 | $ | 428,367 | $ | (337,965) | $ | 1,175,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 7.9 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Corporate other non-operating income in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 excludes $5.1 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(3)(4) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(3) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of our performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, costs and fair value adjustments associated with the merger with Anixter, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, and net gains on the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada and sale of an operating branch in the U.S. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
2020 Compared to 2019
Net Sales
The following table sets forth net sales by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 5,479,760 | $ | 4,860,541 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 3,323,264 | 909,496 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 3,522,971 | 2,588,880 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | ||||||||||
Net sales were $12.3 billion in 2020 compared with $8.4 billion in 2019, an increase of 47.5% due to the merger with Anixter that was completed on June 22, 2020, partially offset by the impact of weakened demand from the COVID-19 pandemic.
EES reported net sales of $5.5 billion in 2020, compared to $4.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 12.7%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter, partially offset by weakened global demand in construction and industrial markets due to local and government shutdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as related disruptions to our suppliers and customers that have caused delays to projects.
CSS reported net sales of $3.3 billion in 2020, compared to $0.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 265.4%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had an overall negative impact on CSS sales, although
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certain customers and end users are considered essential businesses that saw higher demand such as telecommunications service providers stemming from an increased need for bandwidth products.
UBS reported net sales of $3.5 billion in 2020, compared to $2.6 billion in 2019, an increase of 36.1%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on UBS sales as the primary customers in this segment are public power and investor owned utilities, which are considered essential business and have maintained normal operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2020 was $10.0 billion, compared to $6.8 billion for 2019. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 81.1% in both 2020 and 80.8% in 2019 and 2018, respectively.2019. Cost of goods sold for 2020 includes merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million, as well as an out-of-period adjustment of $18.9 million related to inventory absorption accounting. Adjusted for these amounts, cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was negatively impacted by a challenging pricing environment, as well as business mix.80.6%.
Selling, General and Administrative ("SG&A") Expenses.
SG&A expenses primarily include costs associated with personnel, shipping and handling, travel, advertising, facilities, utilities and bad debts.credit losses. SG&A expenses for 20192020 were $1.2$1.9 billion, an increase of $21.2$685.9 million, or 1.8%58.5%, from 2018.2019. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales improvedincreased to 15.1% in 2020 from 14.0% in 2019 from 14.1% in 2018. The increase in2019. SG&A expenses reflectsfor 2020 include merger-related costs of $132.2 million, as well as a gain on the impactsale of a U.S. operating branch of $19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses for 2020 were $1.7 billion, or 14.2% of net sales, reflecting the SLS acquisition and transactions costs related to our merger with Anixter and lower sales, partially offset by lower variable payrollcost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. SG&A expenses and the absencefor 2019 include $3.1 million of a bad debt charge that was recorded in the prior year.merger-related costs.
SG&A payroll expenses for 20192020 of $812.9 million$1.2 billion increased by $8.7$398.1 million compared to 2018. The increase in SG&A payroll expenses was2019 primarily due to wage inflation andthe merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the SLS acquisition, whichMerger, SG&A payroll expenses were partially offset bydown $35.0 million due to lower salaries and wages, variable compensation expense and benefit costs.costs resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The remaining SG&A expenses for 20192020 of $360.2$648.0 million increased by $12.4$287.8 million compared to 2018.2019. The increase in the remaining SG&A expenses was primarily due to the impact of the SLS acquisition.merger with Anixter.
Depreciation and Amortization.
Depreciation and amortization decreased $0.9increased $59.5 million to $121.6 million in 2020, compared with $62.1 million in 2019,2019. Depreciation and amortization for 2020 includes $33.0 million of amortization attributable to identifiable intangible assets acquired in the merger with Anixter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 261,788 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (144,337) | $ | 346,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EES reported income from operations of $260.2 million in 2020, compared to $261.8 million in 2019. The decrease reflects lower demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by the merger with Anixter and cost reduction actions taken in response to the lower demand.
CSS reported income from operations of $217.2 million in 2020, compared to $43.8 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The benefits of cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as operating synergies resulting from the business combination, had a favorable impact on income from operations.
UBS reported income from operations of $231.7 million in 2020, compared to $184.9 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UBS segment was limited as many of its primary customers are public power and investor owned utilities that are considered essential businesses and have maintained normal operations.
31
Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $362.0 million in 2020, compared to $144.3 million in 2019. The increase reflects the merger with Anixter and merger-related costs, as described above, partially offset by lower SG&A payroll expenses resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net totaled $226.6 million in 2020, compared with $63.0 million in 2018.
Other, net
Other non-operating income ("other, net") totaled $2.4 million in 2020, compared to $352.4$1.6 million in 2018. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales was 4.1% and 4.3% in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Adjusted for merger-related transaction costs of $3.1 million, income from operations was $349.3 million for 2019, or 4.2% of net sales.2019.
Income Taxes.
Our effective tax rate was 18.6% in 2020 compared to 21.2% in 2019 compared to 19.8% in 2018.2019. The higherlower effective tax rate in the current year is2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily due to one-time impacts from the full application of the international provisions of U.S. tax reform.merger with Anixter.
Net Income. and Earnings per Share
Net income decreased by $3.2for 2020 was $100.0 million, or 1.4%,compared to $222.2 million in 2019, compared to $225.4 million in 2018.2019.
Preferred stock dividends expense of $30.1 million respectively.in 2020 relates to the fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger.
The following table sets forthtables reconcile income from operations, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted net income attributable to WESCO Internationalfrom operations, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share:share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 347,038 | $ | 346,217 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 132,236 | 3,130 | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 43,693 | — | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | 18,852 | — | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 22,803 | $ | 59,863 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations(1) | 41,817 | 664 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 64,620 | $ | 60,527 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations have been tax effected at rates of 23.9% and 21.2% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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| Twelve Months Ended | |||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||
| Income from operations | $ | 346.2 | $ | 352.4 | |||
| Merger-related transaction costs | 3.1 | — | |||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 349.3 | $ | 352.4 | |||
| Twelve Months Ended | |||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 59.9 | $ | 55.7 | |||
| Income tax effect of merger-related transaction costs | 0.6 | — | |||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 60.5 | $ | 55.7 | |||
| Twelve Months Ended | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 349.3 | $ | 352.4 | Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||||
| Net interest and other | 64.1 | 71.4 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | Interest expense, net | 226,591 | 65,710 | |||||||||||||||
| Other, net | Other, net | (2,395) | (1,554) | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 285.2 | 281.0 | Adjusted income before income taxes | 297,807 | 285,191 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 60.5 | 55.7 | Adjusted provision for income taxes | 64,620 | 60,527 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 224.7 | 225.3 | Adjusted net income | 233,187 | 224,664 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1.2 | ) | (2.0 | ) | Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (521) | (1,228) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | $ | 225.9 | $ | 227.3 | Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 233,708 | 225,892 | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | Preferred stock dividends | 30,139 | — | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 203,569 | $ | 225,892 | |||||||||||||
| Diluted shares | 43.5 | 47.2 | Diluted shares | 46,625 | 43,487 | |||||||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 5.20 | $ | 4.82 | Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 4.37 | $ | 5.20 | |||||||||
Note: IncomeFor the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share forhave been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the yearrelated income tax effects. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, areincome from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude $3.1 million of Anixter merger-related transaction costs, and the related income tax effect. We believe that theseeffects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
The following table sets forth organic sales growth:tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(1)(2) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(1) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 264,570 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (269,910) | $ | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,228) | — | — | — | (1,228) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 59,863 | 59,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 65,710 | 65,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 28,569 | 7,155 | 13,583 | 12,800 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 291,911 | $ | 50,990 | $ | 198,514 | $ | (131,537) | $ | 409,878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (1,554) | — | — | — | (1,554) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,116 | 77 | 231 | 17,638 | 19,062 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related costs | — | — | — | 3,130 | 3,130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 291,473 | $ | 51,067 | $ | 198,745 | $ | (110,769) | $ | 430,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 6.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 7.7 | % | 5.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: Organic sales growth is aEBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measuremeasures that provide indicators of sales performance. Organic sales growthour performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, and gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by deducting the percentage impact from acquisitions in the first year of ownership, foreign exchange rates and number of workdays from the overall percentage change in consolidateddividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
| As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||
| International lines of credit | $ | 26.3 | $ | 30.8 | |||
| Term Loan Facility, less debt discount of $0.2 in 2018 | — | 24.6 | |||||
| Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility | 415.0 | 275.0 | |||||
| Revolving Credit Facility | — | 51.6 | |||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 | 500.0 | 500.0 | |||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 | 350.0 | 350.0 | |||||
| Capital leases | 1.3 | 1.1 | |||||
| Total debt | 1,292.6 | 1,233.1 | |||||
| Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (8.8 | ) | (9.6 | ) | |||
| Less short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | (26.7 | ) | (56.2 | ) | |||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 1,257.1 | $ | 1,167.3 | |||
| (In millions) | |||
| 2020 | $ | 26.7 | |
| 2021 | 500.9 | ||
| 2022 | 415.0 | ||
| 2023 | — | ||
| 2024 | 350.0 | ||
| Thereafter | — | ||
| Total payments on debt | $ | 1,292.6 | |
| Twelve months ended | |||||||
| December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||
| (In millions, except ratios) | |||||||
| Net income | $ | 222.2 | $ | 225.4 | |||
| Provision for income taxes | 59.9 | 55.7 | |||||
| Net interest and other | 64.2 | 71.4 | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 62.1 | 63.0 | |||||
| EBITDA | $ | 408.4 | $ | 415.5 | |||
| December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||
| Short-term borrowings and current debt | $ | 26.7 | $ | 56.2 | |||
| Long-term debt | 1,257.1 | 1,167.3 | |||||
Debt discount and debt issuance costs(1) | 8.8 | 9.6 | |||||
| Total debt | 1,292.6 | 1,233.1 | |||||
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | 150.9 | 96.3 | |||||
| Total debt, net of cash | $ | 1,141.7 | $ | 1,136.8 | |||
| Financial leverage ratio | 2.8 | 2.7 | |||||
Financing activities were primarily comprised of the liquidityredemption of our domestic operations and the cash flow needs of our foreign subsidiaries. Consequently, during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we repatriated a portion of the previously taxed earnings attributable to our foreign operations. We continue to assert that the remaining undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, the majority of which were subject to the one-time tax imposed by the TCJA, are indefinitely reinvested. We believe that we are able to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity for our domestic operations and commitments without repatriating cash held by these foreign subsidiaries. Upon any future repatriation, additional tax expense or benefit may be incurred; however, we do not believe such amount would be material.
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Free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $93.5 million and $586.1 million, respectively.
The following table sets forth the components of free cash flow:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow provided by operations | $ | 67.1 | $ | 543.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Capital expenditures | (54.7) | (56.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Merger-related cash costs | 81.2 | 98.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 93.5 | $ | 586.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Note: The table above reconciles cash flow provided by operations to free cash flow. Free cash flow is a private offering exemptnon-GAAP financial measure of liquidity. Capital expenditures are deducted from operating cash flow to determine free cash flow. Free cash flow is available to fund investing and financing activities. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we paid certain fees, expenses and other costs related to Wesco's merger with Anixter. Such expenditures have been added back to operating cash flow to determine free cash flow for such periods.
Free cash flow for the current year was lower than the prior year primarily due to changes in working capital, including an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from the registration requirementssignificant sales growth, an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand while maintaining high service levels against global supply chain challenges due to the pandemic, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory. Net working capital days improved approximately 6 days from the prior year-end driven by responsively managing working capital in a high-growth, supply-constrained environment.
Financing Availability
On June 1, 2021, we amended our Receivables Facility to increase its borrowing capacity from $1,200 million to $1,300 million, extend its maturity date from June 22, 2023 to June 21, 2024, decrease its LIBOR floor from 0.50% to 0.00% and decrease its interest rate spread from 1.20% to 1.15%. Borrowings under the amended accounts receivable securitization facility and revolving credit facility were used to redeem our $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $564.8 million in total available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility. Available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility was $30.0 million. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Receivables Facility mature in June 2025 and June 2024, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations, including those related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, income taxes, and defined benefit pension plans. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to reserve items may be required. We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical to the understanding of our consolidated financial statements as they require subjective or complex judgments by management.
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Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if triggering events occur, indicating that their carrying values may not be recoverable. We test for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit level. We first assess qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant events such as changes in key personnel, changes in the composition or carrying amount of the Securities Act.net assets of a reporting unit, and changes in in share price, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units are less than their carrying values. If the qualitative assessment indicates that the fair values of our reporting units may not exceed their respective carrying values, then we perform a quantitative test for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. We determine the fair values of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow analysis and consideration of market multiples. The 2024discounted cash flow analysis uses certain assumptions, including expected operating margins supported by a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events, which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use a discount rate that reflects market participants' cost of capital. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief-from-royalty method based on projected financial information. Significant inputs used in the relief-from-royalty method include projected revenues, discount rates, royalty rates, and applicable income tax rates.
We performed our annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2021 by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets were less than their respective carrying amounts. As a result of this assessment, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets continued to exceed their respective carrying amounts and, therefore, a quantitative impairment test was unnecessary.
The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment, particularly as it relates to the underlying assumptions and factors around expected operating margins and discount rate. Management applies its best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. Fair values are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results.
See Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" of our Notes were issued at 100% of parto Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Liabilities and expenses for defined benefit pension plans are governed by an indenture (the “2024 Indenture”) entered into on June 15, 2016 among WESCO Distribution, as issuer, WESCO International, as parent guarantor,determined using actuarial methodologies and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2024 Notes are unsecured senior obligations of WESCO Distribution and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCO International. The 2024 Notes bearincorporate significant assumptions, including the interest at arate used to discount the future estimated cash flows, the expected long-term rate of 5.375% per annum, payable semi-annuallyreturn on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce (salary increases, retirement age, and mortality).
Liabilities for defined benefit pension plans are particularly sensitive to changes in arrears on June 15 and December 15the discount rate. At the end of each fiscal year, we determine the discount rate to measure our defined benefit pension plan liabilities at their present value. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the defined benefit pension plan liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year. WESCO incurred costs totaling $6.0This rate is estimated using a yield curve based on corporate bond data, which we believe is consistent with observable market conditions and industry standards for developing spot rate curves. The consolidated weighted-average discount rate used to measure the projected benefit obligation of all plans was 2.6% and 2.2% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As a sensitivity measure, the effect of a 50-basis-point decline in the assumed discount rate would result in a negligible change in the expense for 2022, and an increase in our projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2021 of $69.0 million. The impact of a 50-basis-point increase in the assumed discount rate would result in a decrease in the expense for 2022 of approximately $4.0 million, and a decrease in our projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2021 of $61.0 million. Changes in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and assumptions relating to issue the 2024employee workforce are less likely to have a material impact on the measurement of defined benefit pension plan liabilities.
See Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes whichto Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding defined benefit pension plans.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets at amounts that are expected to be realized. To make such determination, management evaluates all positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to, prior, current and future taxable income, tax planning strategies and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more-likely-than-not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. We regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.
24
We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a "more-likely-than-not" recognition threshold. Due to the subjectivity inherent in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions, the tax benefit ultimately recognized may materially differ from the estimate recognized in the consolidated financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as part of interest expense and income tax expense, respectively.
See Note 12, "Income Taxes" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding income taxes.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 79.2 | 81.1 | 81.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 15.3 | 15.1 | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 4.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (0.3) | — | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 0.4 | 0.2 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | 2.2 | % | 0.6 | % | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Net Sales
The following table sets forth net sales by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 7,621,263 | $ | 5,479,760 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 5,715,238 | 3,323,264 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 4,881,011 | 3,522,971 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | ||||||||||
Net sales were recorded$18.2 billion for 2021 compared with $12.3 billion for 2020, an increase of 47.8%. The increase primarily reflects the merger with Anixter, along with double-digit growth across all segments, as described below. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pricing related to inflation favorably impacted our net sales by approximately 3%.
EES reported net sales of $7.6 billion for 2021, compared to $5.5 billion for 2020, an increase of 39.1%. In addition to the impact from the Merger, the increase reflects improved economic conditions and strong demand.
CSS reported net sales of $5.7 billion for 2021, compared to $3.3 billion for 2020, an increase of 72.0%. The increase reflects the impact of the Merger and broad-based growth in our security solutions and network infrastructure businesses.
UBS reported net sales of $4.9 billion for 2021, compared to $3.5 billion for 2020, an increase of 38.5%. Along with the impact of the Merger, the increase reflects broad-based growth in our utility business and continued strong demand in our broadband business.
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Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2021 was $14.4 billion compared to $10.0 billion for 2020, an increase of $4.4 billion, reflecting the merger with Anixter. Cost of goods sold as a reductionpercentage of net sales was 79.2% and 81.1% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of 190 basis points reflects strong execution on supplier price increases and cost initiatives to offset inflation, along with higher supplier volume rebate income, partially offset by higher expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, including write-downs totaling $26.2 million to the carrying value of certain personal protective equipment products. These write-downs of inventory impacted cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2021 by 14 basis points. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was 80.6% excluding the debteffect of merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million and are being amortized overan out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting of $18.9 million.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include payroll and payroll-related costs, shipping and handling, travel and entertainment, facilities, utilities, information technology expenses, professional and consulting fees, credit losses, gains (losses) on the lifesale of property and equipment, as well as real estate and personal property taxes. SG&A expenses for 2021 totaled $2.8 billion versus $1.9 billion for 2020. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 15.3% and 15.1%, respectively. The increase in SG&A expenses of $932.6 million, or 50.2%, primarily reflects the impact of the note.merger with Anixter. SG&A expenses for 2021 were favorably impacted by the realization of integration synergies and structural cost takeout actions. SG&A expenses for 2021 include merger-related and integration costs of $158.5 million, as well as a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, which were divested during the first quarter of 2021 in connection with the Merger. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.5% of net sales for 2021. SG&A expenses for 2020 include $132.2 million of merger-related and integration costs, as well as a gain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S. of $19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.2% of net sales for 2020, reflecting lower sales and the merger with Anixter, partially offset by cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that lowered SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales by approximately 40 basis points.
SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses for 2021 of $1.8 billion increased by $589.5 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses in the current year were negatively impacted by higher salaries, variable compensation expense and benefit costs, including the impact of reinstating salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees that had been reduced or suspended in the prior year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
SG&A expenses not related to payroll and payroll-related costs for 2021 were $991.1 million, an increase of $343.1 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, these SG&A expenses for the current year were negatively impacted by higher professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses resulting from integration activities and digital transformation initiatives. Shipping and handling costs also increased in 2021 due to sales volume growth. The notes maturegain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S., as described above, positively impacted SG&A expenses in 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $77.0 million to $198.6 million for 2021, compared to $121.6 million for 2020. The current period includes $63.3 million attributable to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired in the merger with Anixter, as well as $32.0 million resulting from changes in the estimated useful lives of certain legacy trademarks that are migrating to our master brand architecture, as described in Note 2, "Accounting Policies" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We expect to recognize approximately $10.0 million of amortization expense for trademarks migrating to our master brand architecture in 2022 and $5.3 million thereafter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 542,059 | $ | 395,343 | $ | 412,740 | $ | (548,269) | $ | 801,873 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations was $801.9 million for 2021, compared to $347.0 million for 2020. The increase of $454.8 million, or 131.1%, primarily reflects the merger with Anixter. For 2021, income from operations improved compared to the prior year across all segments and reflects sales growth and lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, as well as the realization of integration cost synergies and structural cost takeout actions. Income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by higher volume-related costs, and SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, as described above. Income from operations for 2021 was not materially effected by higher pricing related to inflation given the offsetting effect of higher costs for certain products.
EES reported income from operations of $542.1 million for 2021, compared to $260.2 million for 2020. The increase of $281.9 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $4.4 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $13.3 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
CSS reported income from operations of $395.3 million for 2021, compared to $217.2 million for 2020. The increase of $178.1 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $21.1 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $17.4 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
UBS reported income from operations of $412.7 million for 2021, compared to $231.7 million for 2020. The increase of $181.0 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above, combined with the benefit from the net gain on the Canadian divestitures.
Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $548.3 million for 2021, compared to $362.0 million for 2020. The increase of $186.3 million primarily reflects the merger with Anixter, as well as merger-related and integration costs, higher SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses, as described above.
Interest Expense, net
Net interest expense totaled $268.1 million for 2021, compared to $226.6 million for 2020. The increase of $41.5 million, or 18.3%, was driven by financing activity related to the merger with Anixter. As a result of the redemption of our 2024 Notes and amendment to the Receivables Facility, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, total interest expense was reduced by approximately $2.0 million in 2021, and is expected to be reduced by $18.0 million per year thereafter based on current interest rates.
Other Income, net
Other non-operating income ("other income, net") totaled $48.1 million for 2021, compared to $2.4 million for 2020, an increase of $45.7 million. As disclosed in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we recognized net benefits of $53.2 million and $8.2 million associated with the non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. Due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies, we recorded foreign currency exchange losses of $2.8 million and $4.9 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $115.5 million for 2021, compared to $22.8 million for 2020, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.9% and 18.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the current year was favorably impacted by a change in the mix of domestic and foreign earnings, tax benefits related to certain foreign derived intangible income, and a reduction in the valuation allowance recorded against certain foreign tax credit carryforwards. The effective tax rate in the prior year was impacted by one-time items associated with the Anixter merger.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income for 2021 was $466.4 million, compared to $100.0 million for 2020.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $1.0 million for 2021, compared to a net loss of $0.5 million for 2020.
Preferred stock dividends expense, which relates to the fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger, was $57.4 million for 2021 compared to $30.1 million for 2020.
Net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $408.0 million and $7.84, respectively, for 2021, compared with $70.4 million and $1.51, respectively, for 2020. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs,
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accelerated trademark amortization expense, net gain on Canadian divestitures, gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $519.3 million and $9.98, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $203.6 million and $4.37, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following tables reconcile income from operations, other non-operating income, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted income from operations, adjusted other non-operating income, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 801,873 | $ | 347,038 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 158,484 | 132,236 | |||||||||
| Accelerated trademark amortization | 32,021 | — | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | — | 43,693 | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | — | 18,852 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets and divestitures | (8,927) | (19,816) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Other Income, net: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Other income, net | $ | (48,112) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Curtailment gain | 36,580 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | $ | (11,532) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 115,510 | $ | 22,803 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations and other income, net(1) | 33,672 | 41,817 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 149,182 | $ | 64,620 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been tax effected at rates of 23.5% and 23.9%, respectively. The adjustment to other-non operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 has been tax effected at a rate of 24.6% as the majority of the curtailment gain relates to our Canadian defined benefit pension plans.
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 268,073 | 226,591 | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | (11,532) | (2,395) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 726,910 | 297,807 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 149,182 | 64,620 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 577,728 | 233,187 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1,020 | (521) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 576,708 | 233,708 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 57,408 | 30,139 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 519,300 | $ | 203,569 | |||||||
| Diluted shares | 52,030 | 46,625 | |||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 9.98 | $ | 4.37 | |||||||
Note: For the year ended December 31, 2021, income from operations, other non-operating income, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, a net gain on the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, accelerated trademark amortization expense associated with migrating to our master brand architecture, a curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans, and the related income tax effects. For the year ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, a gain on sale of an operating branch in the U.S., and the related income tax effects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin %
The following tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 543,633 | $ | 394,031 | $ | 412,698 | $ | (942,388) | $ | 407,974 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 298 | — | — | 722 | 1,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 57,408 | 57,408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 115,510 | 115,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 268,073 | 268,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 55,998 | 82,870 | 22,447 | 37,239 | 198,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 599,929 | $ | 476,901 | $ | 435,145 | $ | (463,436) | $ | 1,048,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net(1) | (1,872) | 1,312 | 42 | (47,594) | (48,112) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(2) | 6,404 | 2,607 | 2,107 | 14,581 | 25,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 158,484 | 158,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on Canadian divestitures | — | — | (8,927) | — | (8,927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 604,461 | $ | 480,820 | $ | 428,367 | $ | (337,965) | $ | 1,175,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 7.9 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Corporate other non-operating income in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 excludes $5.1 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(3)(4) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(3) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of our performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, costs and fair value adjustments associated with the merger with Anixter, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, and net gains on the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada and sale of an operating branch in the U.S. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
2020 Compared to 2019
Net Sales
The following table sets forth net sales by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 5,479,760 | $ | 4,860,541 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 3,323,264 | 909,496 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 3,522,971 | 2,588,880 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | ||||||||||
Net sales were $12.3 billion in 2020 compared with $8.4 billion in 2019, an increase of 47.5% due to the merger with Anixter that was completed on June 15, 2024.22, 2020, partially offset by the impact of weakened demand from the COVID-19 pandemic.
EES reported net sales of $5.5 billion in 2020, compared to $4.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 12.7%. The Company usedincrease reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter, partially offset by weakened global demand in construction and industrial markets due to local and government shutdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as related disruptions to our suppliers and customers that have caused delays to projects.
CSS reported net proceedssales of $3.3 billion in 2020, compared to redeem its 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029$0.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 265.4%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had an overall negative impact on September 15, 2016.CSS sales, although
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certain customers and end users are considered essential businesses that saw higher demand such as telecommunications service providers stemming from an increased need for bandwidth products.
UBS reported net sales of $3.5 billion in 2020, compared to $2.6 billion in 2019, an increase of 36.1%. The increase reflects the termsimpact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on UBS sales as the primary customers in this segment are public power and investor owned utilities, which are considered essential business and have maintained normal operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2020 was $10.0 billion, compared to $6.8 billion for 2019. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 81.1% in both 2020 and 2019. Cost of goods sold for 2020 includes merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million, as well as an out-of-period adjustment of $18.9 million related to inventory absorption accounting. Adjusted for these amounts, cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was 80.6%.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include costs associated with personnel, shipping and handling, travel, advertising, facilities, utilities and credit losses. SG&A expenses for 2020 were $1.9 billion, an increase of $685.9 million, or 58.5%, from 2019. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 15.1% in 2020 from 14.0% in 2019. SG&A expenses for 2020 include merger-related costs of $132.2 million, as well as a gain on the sale of a registration rights agreement dated asU.S. operating branch of June 15, 2016 among WESCO Distribution, as$19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses for 2020 were $1.7 billion, or 14.2% of net sales, reflecting the issuer, WESCO International, as parent guarantor,merger with Anixter and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as representativelower sales, partially offset by cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. SG&A expenses for 2019 include $3.1 million of merger-related costs.
SG&A payroll expenses for 2020 of $1.2 billion increased by $398.1 million compared to 2019 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the initial purchasersMerger, SG&A payroll expenses were down $35.0 million due to lower salaries and wages, variable compensation expense and benefit costs resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The remaining SG&A expenses for 2020 of $648.0 million increased by $287.8 million compared to 2019. The increase in the remaining SG&A expenses was primarily due to the impact of the 2024 Notes, WESCO Distributionmerger with Anixter.
Depreciation and WESCO International agreedAmortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $59.5 million to register under$121.6 million in 2020, compared with $62.1 million in 2019. Depreciation and amortization for 2020 includes $33.0 million of amortization attributable to identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Securities Act notes having terms identicalmerger with Anixter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 261,788 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (144,337) | $ | 346,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EES reported income from operations of $260.2 million in all material respects2020, compared to $261.8 million in 2019. The decrease reflects lower demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by the merger with Anixter and cost reduction actions taken in response to the 2024 Notes (the “2024 Exchange Notes”lower demand.
CSS reported income from operations of $217.2 million in 2020, compared to $43.8 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The benefits of cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as operating synergies resulting from the business combination, had a favorable impact on income from operations.
UBS reported income from operations of $231.7 million in 2020, compared to $184.9 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UBS segment was limited as many of its primary customers are public power and investor owned utilities that are considered essential businesses and have maintained normal operations.
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Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $362.0 million in 2020, compared to $144.3 million in 2019. The increase reflects the merger with Anixter and merger-related costs, as described above, partially offset by lower SG&A payroll expenses resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net totaled $226.6 million in 2020, compared with $65.7 million in 2019, an increase of 244.8%. The increase in interest expense was driven by financing activity related to the merger with Anixter.
Other, net
Other non-operating income ("other, net") totaled $2.4 million in 2020, compared to $1.6 million in 2019.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 18.6% in 2020 compared to 21.2% in 2019. The lower effective tax rate in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily due to one-time impacts from the merger with Anixter.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income for 2020 was $100.0 million, compared to make an offer$222.2 million in 2019.
Net loss attributable to exchangenoncontrolling interests in 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
Preferred stock dividends expense of $30.1 million in 2020 relates to the 2024 Exchange Notesfixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger.
Net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $70.4 million and $1.51 per diluted share, respectively, in 2020, compared with $223.4 million and $5.14 per diluted share, respectively, in 2019. Adjusted for the 2024 Notes. WESCO Distribution launcheditems mentioned above, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $203.6 million and $4.37 per diluted share, respectively, for the exchange offer onyear ended December 28, 201631, 2020. Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $225.9 million and $5.20 per share, respectively, for the exchange offer expired on January 31, 2017.
The following tables reconcile income from operations, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted income from operations, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 347,038 | $ | 346,217 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 132,236 | 3,130 | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 43,693 | — | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | 18,852 | — | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 22,803 | $ | 59,863 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations(1) | 41,817 | 664 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 64,620 | $ | 60,527 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations have been tax effected at rates of 23.9% and 21.2% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 226,591 | 65,710 | |||||||||
| Other, net | (2,395) | (1,554) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 297,807 | 285,191 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 64,620 | 60,527 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 233,187 | 224,664 | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (521) | (1,228) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 233,708 | 225,892 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 30,139 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 203,569 | $ | 225,892 | |||||||
| Diluted shares | 46,625 | 43,487 | |||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 4.37 | $ | 5.20 | |||||||
Note: For the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the related income tax effects. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related costs, and the related income tax effects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin %
The following tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(1)(2) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(1) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 264,570 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (269,910) | $ | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,228) | — | — | — | (1,228) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 59,863 | 59,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 65,710 | 65,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 28,569 | 7,155 | 13,583 | 12,800 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 291,911 | $ | 50,990 | $ | 198,514 | $ | (131,537) | $ | 409,878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (1,554) | — | — | — | (1,554) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,116 | 77 | 231 | 17,638 | 19,062 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related costs | — | — | — | 3,130 | 3,130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 291,473 | $ | 51,067 | $ | 198,745 | $ | (110,769) | $ | 430,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 6.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 7.7 | % | 5.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of our performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, and gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
Cash Flow
We generated $67.1 million of operating cash flow during 2021. Net cash provided by operating activities included net income of $466.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $132.2 million, which were primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $198.6 million, deferred income taxes of $78.3 million, a gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans of $36.6 million, as described in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, stock-based compensation expense of $30.8 million, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $19.2 million, and a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, as described in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Operating cash flow also included changes in assets and liabilities of $531.5 million, which were primarily comprised of an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from significant sales growth and an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand while maintaining high service levels against global supply chain challenges due to the pandemic, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory.
Investing activities primarily included $56.0 million of net proceeds from the Canadian divestitures and $54.7 million of capital expenditures mostly consisting of internal-use computer software and information technology hardware to support our digital transformation initiatives, as well as equipment to support of the Company's global network of branches, warehouses and sales offices.
Financing activities were primarily comprised of the redemption of our $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 (the "2021 Notes") and $354.7 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes"), borrowings and repayments of $2,353.4 million and $2,006.4 million, respectively, related to our revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), and borrowings and repayments of $878.0 million and $558.0 million, respectively, related to our accounts receivable securitization facility (the "Receivables Facility"). Financing activities for 2021 also included $57.4 million of dividends paid to holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, net repayments related to our various international lines of credit of approximately $20.3 million, and $27.2 million of payments for taxes related to the exercise and vesting of stock-based awards.
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Free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $93.5 million and $586.1 million, respectively.
The following table sets forth the components of free cash flow:
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow provided by operations | $ | 67.1 | $ | 543.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Capital expenditures | (54.7) | (56.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Merger-related cash costs | 81.2 | 98.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 93.5 | $ | 586.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Note: The table above reconciles cash flow provided by operations to free cash flow. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure of liquidity. Capital expenditures are deducted from operating cash flow to determine free cash flow. Free cash flow is available to fund investing and financing activities. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we paid certain fees, expenses and other costs related to Wesco's merger with Anixter. Such expenditures have been added back to operating cash flow to determine free cash flow for such periods.
Free cash flow for the current year was lower than the prior year primarily due to changes in working capital, including an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from the significant sales growth, an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand while maintaining high service levels against global supply chain challenges due to the pandemic, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory. Net working capital days improved approximately 6 days from the prior year-end driven by responsively managing working capital in a high-growth, supply-constrained environment.
Financing Availability
On June 1, 2021, we amended our Receivables Facility to increase its borrowing capacity from $1,200 million to $1,300 million, extend its maturity date from June 22, 2023 to June 21, 2024, decrease its LIBOR floor from 0.50% to 0.00% and decrease its interest rate spread from 1.20% to 1.15%. Borrowings under the amended accounts receivable securitization facility and revolving credit facility were used to redeem our $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $564.8 million in total available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility. Available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility was $30.0 million. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Receivables Facility mature in June 2025 and June 2024, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations, including those related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, income taxes, and defined benefit pension plans. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to reserve items may be required. We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical to the understanding of our consolidated financial statements as they require subjective or complex judgments by management.
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Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if triggering events occur, indicating that their carrying values may not be recoverable. We test for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit level. We first assess qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant events such as changes in key personnel, changes in the composition or carrying amount of the net assets of a reporting unit, and changes in in share price, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units are less than their carrying values. If the qualitative assessment indicates that the fair values of our reporting units may not exceed their respective carrying values, then we perform a quantitative test for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. We determine the fair values of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow analysis and consideration of market multiples. The discounted cash flow analysis uses certain assumptions, including expected operating margins supported by a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events, which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use a discount rate that reflects market participants' cost of capital. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief-from-royalty method based on projected financial information. Significant inputs used in the relief-from-royalty method include projected revenues, discount rates, royalty rates, and applicable income tax rates.
We performed our annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2021 by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets were less than their respective carrying amounts. As a result of this assessment, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets continued to exceed their respective carrying amounts and, therefore, a quantitative impairment test was unnecessary.
The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment, particularly as it relates to the underlying assumptions and factors around expected operating margins and discount rate. Management applies its best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. Fair values are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results.
See Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Liabilities and expenses for defined benefit pension plans are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the interest rate used to discount the future estimated cash flows, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce (salary increases, retirement age, and mortality).
Liabilities for defined benefit pension plans are particularly sensitive to changes in the discount rate. At the end of each fiscal year, we determine the discount rate to measure our defined benefit pension plan liabilities at their present value. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the defined benefit pension plan liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year. This rate is estimated using a yield curve based on corporate bond data, which we believe is consistent with observable market conditions and industry standards for developing spot rate curves. The consolidated weighted-average discount rate used to measure the projected benefit obligation of all plans was 2.6% and 2.2% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As a sensitivity measure, the effect of a 50-basis-point decline in the assumed discount rate would result in a negligible change in the expense for 2022, and an increase in our projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2021 of $69.0 million. The impact of a 50-basis-point increase in the assumed discount rate would result in a decrease in the expense for 2022 of approximately $4.0 million, and a decrease in our projected benefit obligations at December 31, 2021 of $61.0 million. Changes in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and assumptions relating to the employee workforce are less likely to have a material impact on the measurement of defined benefit pension plan liabilities.
See Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding defined benefit pension plans.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets at amounts that are expected to be realized. To make such determination, management evaluates all positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to, prior, current and future taxable income, tax planning strategies and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more-likely-than-not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. We regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.
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We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a "more-likely-than-not" recognition threshold. Due to the subjectivity inherent in the evaluation of uncertain tax positions, the tax benefit ultimately recognized may materially differ from the estimate recognized in the consolidated financial statements. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits as part of interest expense and income tax expense, respectively.
See Note 12, "Income Taxes" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosure regarding income taxes.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 79.2 | 81.1 | 81.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 15.3 | 15.1 | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 4.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (0.3) | — | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 0.4 | 0.2 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | 2.2 | % | 0.6 | % | 2.7 | % | |||||||||||
2021 Compared to 2020
Net Sales
The following table sets forth net sales by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 7,621,263 | $ | 5,479,760 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 5,715,238 | 3,323,264 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 4,881,011 | 3,522,971 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | ||||||||||
Net sales were $18.2 billion for 2021 compared with $12.3 billion for 2020, an increase of 47.8%. The increase primarily reflects the merger with Anixter, along with double-digit growth across all segments, as described below. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pricing related to inflation favorably impacted our net sales by approximately 3%.
EES reported net sales of $7.6 billion for 2021, compared to $5.5 billion for 2020, an increase of 39.1%. In addition to the impact from the Merger, the increase reflects improved economic conditions and strong demand.
CSS reported net sales of $5.7 billion for 2021, compared to $3.3 billion for 2020, an increase of 72.0%. The increase reflects the impact of the Merger and broad-based growth in our security solutions and network infrastructure businesses.
UBS reported net sales of $4.9 billion for 2021, compared to $3.5 billion for 2020, an increase of 38.5%. Along with the impact of the Merger, the increase reflects broad-based growth in our utility business and continued strong demand in our broadband business.
25
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2021 was $14.4 billion compared to $10.0 billion for 2020, an increase of $4.4 billion, reflecting the merger with Anixter. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 79.2% and 81.1% for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of 190 basis points reflects strong execution on supplier price increases and cost initiatives to offset inflation, along with higher supplier volume rebate income, partially offset by higher expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, including write-downs totaling $26.2 million to the carrying value of certain personal protective equipment products. These write-downs of inventory impacted cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2021 by 14 basis points. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was 80.6% excluding the effect of merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million and an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting of $18.9 million.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include payroll and payroll-related costs, shipping and handling, travel and entertainment, facilities, utilities, information technology expenses, professional and consulting fees, credit losses, gains (losses) on the sale of property and equipment, as well as real estate and personal property taxes. SG&A expenses for 2021 totaled $2.8 billion versus $1.9 billion for 2020. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 15.3% and 15.1%, respectively. The increase in SG&A expenses of $932.6 million, or 50.2%, primarily reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. SG&A expenses for 2021 were favorably impacted by the realization of integration synergies and structural cost takeout actions. SG&A expenses for 2021 include merger-related and integration costs of $158.5 million, as well as a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, which were divested during the first quarter of 2021 in connection with the Merger. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.5% of net sales for 2021. SG&A expenses for 2020 include $132.2 million of merger-related and integration costs, as well as a gain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S. of $19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses were 14.2% of net sales for 2020, reflecting lower sales and the merger with Anixter, partially offset by cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that lowered SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales by approximately 40 basis points.
SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses for 2021 of $1.8 billion increased by $589.5 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses in the current year were negatively impacted by higher salaries, variable compensation expense and benefit costs, including the impact of reinstating salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees that had been reduced or suspended in the prior year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
SG&A expenses not related to payroll and payroll-related costs for 2021 were $991.1 million, an increase of $343.1 million compared to 2020 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, these SG&A expenses for the current year were negatively impacted by higher professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses resulting from integration activities and digital transformation initiatives. Shipping and handling costs also increased in 2021 due to sales volume growth. The gain on the sale of an operating branch in the U.S., as described above, positively impacted SG&A expenses in 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $77.0 million to $198.6 million for 2021, compared to $121.6 million for 2020. The current period includes $63.3 million attributable to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired in the merger with Anixter, as well as $32.0 million resulting from changes in the estimated useful lives of certain legacy trademarks that are migrating to our master brand architecture, as described in Note 2, "Accounting Policies" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We expect to recognize approximately $10.0 million of amortization expense for trademarks migrating to our master brand architecture in 2022 and $5.3 million thereafter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 542,059 | $ | 395,343 | $ | 412,740 | $ | (548,269) | $ | 801,873 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations was $801.9 million for 2021, compared to $347.0 million for 2020. The increase of $454.8 million, or 131.1%, primarily reflects the merger with Anixter. For 2021, income from operations improved compared to the prior year across all segments and reflects sales growth and lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales, as well as the realization of integration cost synergies and structural cost takeout actions. Income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by higher volume-related costs, and SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, as described above. Income from operations for 2021 was not materially effected by higher pricing related to inflation given the offsetting effect of higher costs for certain products.
EES reported income from operations of $542.1 million for 2021, compared to $260.2 million for 2020. The increase of $281.9 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $4.4 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $13.3 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
CSS reported income from operations of $395.3 million for 2021, compared to $217.2 million for 2020. The increase of $178.1 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above. Additionally, income from operations for 2021 was negatively impacted by $21.1 million from the inventory write-down described above, as well as accelerated trademark amortization expense of $17.4 million associated with migrating to our master brand architecture.
UBS reported income from operations of $412.7 million for 2021, compared to $231.7 million for 2020. The increase of $181.0 million primarily reflects the factors impacting the overall business, as described above, combined with the benefit from the net gain on the Canadian divestitures.
Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $548.3 million for 2021, compared to $362.0 million for 2020. The increase of $186.3 million primarily reflects the merger with Anixter, as well as merger-related and integration costs, higher SG&A payroll and payroll-related expenses, professional and consulting fees, and information technology expenses, as described above.
Interest Expense, net
Net interest expense totaled $268.1 million for 2021, compared to $226.6 million for 2020. The increase of $41.5 million, or 18.3%, was driven by financing activity related to the merger with Anixter. As a result of the redemption of our 2024 Notes and amendment to the Receivables Facility, as described in Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, total interest expense was reduced by approximately $2.0 million in 2021, and is expected to be reduced by $18.0 million per year thereafter based on current interest rates.
Other Income, net
Other non-operating income ("other income, net") totaled $48.1 million for 2021, compared to $2.4 million for 2020, an increase of $45.7 million. As disclosed in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we recognized net benefits of $53.2 million and $8.2 million associated with the non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The non-service cost components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. Due to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies, we recorded foreign currency exchange losses of $2.8 million and $4.9 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $115.5 million for 2021, compared to $22.8 million for 2020, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.9% and 18.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the current year was favorably impacted by a change in the mix of domestic and foreign earnings, tax benefits related to certain foreign derived intangible income, and a reduction in the valuation allowance recorded against certain foreign tax credit carryforwards. The effective tax rate in the prior year was impacted by one-time items associated with the Anixter merger.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income for 2021 was $466.4 million, compared to $100.0 million for 2020.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $1.0 million for 2021, compared to a net loss of $0.5 million for 2020.
Preferred stock dividends expense, which relates to the fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger, was $57.4 million for 2021 compared to $30.1 million for 2020.
Net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $408.0 million and $7.84, respectively, for 2021, compared with $70.4 million and $1.51, respectively, for 2020. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs,
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accelerated trademark amortization expense, net gain on Canadian divestitures, gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $519.3 million and $9.98, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Adjusted for merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the related income tax effects, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $203.6 million and $4.37, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following tables reconcile income from operations, other non-operating income, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted income from operations, adjusted other non-operating income, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 801,873 | $ | 347,038 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 158,484 | 132,236 | |||||||||
| Accelerated trademark amortization | 32,021 | — | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | — | 43,693 | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | — | 18,852 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets and divestitures | (8,927) | (19,816) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Other Income, net: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Other income, net | $ | (48,112) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Curtailment gain | 36,580 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | $ | (11,532) | $ | (2,395) | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 115,510 | $ | 22,803 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations and other income, net(1) | 33,672 | 41,817 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 149,182 | $ | 64,620 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been tax effected at rates of 23.5% and 23.9%, respectively. The adjustment to other-non operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 has been tax effected at a rate of 24.6% as the majority of the curtailment gain relates to our Canadian defined benefit pension plans.
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 983,451 | $ | 522,003 | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 268,073 | 226,591 | |||||||||
| Adjusted other income, net | (11,532) | (2,395) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 726,910 | 297,807 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 149,182 | 64,620 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 577,728 | 233,187 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1,020 | (521) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 576,708 | 233,708 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 57,408 | 30,139 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 519,300 | $ | 203,569 | |||||||
| Diluted shares | 52,030 | 46,625 | |||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 9.98 | $ | 4.37 | |||||||
Note: For the year ended December 31, 2021, income from operations, other non-operating income, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, a net gain on the sale of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, accelerated trademark amortization expense associated with migrating to our master brand architecture, a curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans, and the related income tax effects. For the year ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, a gain on sale of an operating branch in the U.S., and the related income tax effects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin %
The following tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 543,633 | $ | 394,031 | $ | 412,698 | $ | (942,388) | $ | 407,974 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 298 | — | — | 722 | 1,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 57,408 | 57,408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 115,510 | 115,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 268,073 | 268,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 55,998 | 82,870 | 22,447 | 37,239 | 198,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 599,929 | $ | 476,901 | $ | 435,145 | $ | (463,436) | $ | 1,048,539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net(1) | (1,872) | 1,312 | 42 | (47,594) | (48,112) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(2) | 6,404 | 2,607 | 2,107 | 14,581 | 25,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 158,484 | 158,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on Canadian divestitures | — | — | (8,927) | — | (8,927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 604,461 | $ | 480,820 | $ | 428,367 | $ | (337,965) | $ | 1,175,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 7.9 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Corporate other non-operating income in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 excludes $5.1 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(3)(4) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(3) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of our performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, costs and fair value adjustments associated with the merger with Anixter, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, and net gains on the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada and sale of an operating branch in the U.S. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
2020 Compared to 2019
Net Sales
The following table sets forth net sales by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| EES | $ | 5,479,760 | $ | 4,860,541 | ||||||||||
| CSS | 3,323,264 | 909,496 | ||||||||||||
| UBS | 3,522,971 | 2,588,880 | ||||||||||||
| Total net sales | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | ||||||||||
Net sales were $12.3 billion in 2020 compared with $8.4 billion in 2019, an increase of 47.5% due to the merger with Anixter that was completed on June 22, 2020, partially offset by the impact of weakened demand from the COVID-19 pandemic.
EES reported net sales of $5.5 billion in 2020, compared to $4.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 12.7%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter, partially offset by weakened global demand in construction and industrial markets due to local and government shutdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as related disruptions to our suppliers and customers that have caused delays to projects.
CSS reported net sales of $3.3 billion in 2020, compared to $0.9 billion in 2019, an increase of 265.4%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had an overall negative impact on CSS sales, although
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certain customers and end users are considered essential businesses that saw higher demand such as telecommunications service providers stemming from an increased need for bandwidth products.
UBS reported net sales of $3.5 billion in 2020, compared to $2.6 billion in 2019, an increase of 36.1%. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on UBS sales as the primary customers in this segment are public power and investor owned utilities, which are considered essential business and have maintained normal operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for 2020 was $10.0 billion, compared to $6.8 billion for 2019. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 81.1% in both 2020 and 2019. Cost of goods sold for 2020 includes merger-related fair value adjustments of $43.7 million, as well as an out-of-period adjustment of $18.9 million related to inventory absorption accounting. Adjusted for these amounts, cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales for 2020 was 80.6%.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include costs associated with personnel, shipping and handling, travel, advertising, facilities, utilities and credit losses. SG&A expenses for 2020 were $1.9 billion, an increase of $685.9 million, or 58.5%, from 2019. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 15.1% in 2020 from 14.0% in 2019. SG&A expenses for 2020 include merger-related costs of $132.2 million, as well as a gain on the sale of a U.S. operating branch of $19.8 million. Adjusted for these amounts, SG&A expenses for 2020 were $1.7 billion, or 14.2% of net sales, reflecting the merger with Anixter and lower sales, partially offset by cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. SG&A expenses for 2019 include $3.1 million of merger-related costs.
SG&A payroll expenses for 2020 of $1.2 billion increased by $398.1 million compared to 2019 primarily due to the merger with Anixter. Excluding the impact of the Merger, SG&A payroll expenses were down $35.0 million due to lower salaries and wages, variable compensation expense and benefit costs resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The remaining SG&A expenses for 2020 of $648.0 million increased by $287.8 million compared to 2019. The increase in the remaining SG&A expenses was primarily due to the impact of the merger with Anixter.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $59.5 million to $121.6 million in 2020, compared with $62.1 million in 2019. Depreciation and amortization for 2020 includes $33.0 million of amortization attributable to identifiable intangible assets acquired in the merger with Anixter.
Income from Operations
The following tables set forth income from operations by segment for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 260,207 | $ | 217,163 | $ | 231,702 | $ | (362,034) | $ | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 261,788 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (144,337) | $ | 346,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EES reported income from operations of $260.2 million in 2020, compared to $261.8 million in 2019. The decrease reflects lower demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by the merger with Anixter and cost reduction actions taken in response to the lower demand.
CSS reported income from operations of $217.2 million in 2020, compared to $43.8 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The benefits of cost reduction actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as operating synergies resulting from the business combination, had a favorable impact on income from operations.
UBS reported income from operations of $231.7 million in 2020, compared to $184.9 million in 2019. The increase reflects the impact of the merger with Anixter. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UBS segment was limited as many of its primary customers are public power and investor owned utilities that are considered essential businesses and have maintained normal operations.
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Corporate, which primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information technology, legal and other centralized functions, had a loss from operations of $362.0 million in 2020, compared to $144.3 million in 2019. The increase reflects the merger with Anixter and merger-related costs, as described above, partially offset by lower SG&A payroll expenses resulting from the reduction or suspension of salaries and certain benefits for legacy Wesco employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net totaled $226.6 million in 2020, compared with $65.7 million in 2019, an increase of 244.8%. The increase in interest expense was driven by financing activity related to the merger with Anixter.
Other, net
Other non-operating income ("other, net") totaled $2.4 million in 2020, compared to $1.6 million in 2019.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 18.6% in 2020 compared to 21.2% in 2019. The lower effective tax rate in 2020 as compared to 2019 was primarily due to one-time impacts from the merger with Anixter.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income for 2020 was $100.0 million, compared to $222.2 million in 2019.
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
Preferred stock dividends expense of $30.1 million in 2020 relates to the fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, that was issued in connection with the Merger.
Net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $70.4 million and $1.51 per diluted share, respectively, in 2020, compared with $223.4 million and $5.14 per diluted share, respectively, in 2019. Adjusted for the items mentioned above, net income and earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $203.6 million and $4.37 per diluted share, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per diluted share attributable to common stockholders were $225.9 million and $5.20 per share, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The following tables reconcile income from operations, provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share to adjusted income from operations, adjusted provision for income taxes and adjusted earnings per diluted share, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Income from Operations: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 347,038 | $ | 346,217 | |||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | 132,236 | 3,130 | |||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 43,693 | — | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | 18,852 | — | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 22,803 | $ | 59,863 | |||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments to income from operations(1) | 41,817 | 664 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 64,620 | $ | 60,527 | |||||||
(1) The adjustments to income from operations have been tax effected at rates of 23.9% and 21.2% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share: | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted income from operations | $ | 522,003 | $ | 349,347 | |||||||
| Interest expense, net | 226,591 | 65,710 | |||||||||
| Other, net | (2,395) | (1,554) | |||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes | 297,807 | 285,191 | |||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | 64,620 | 60,527 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income | 233,187 | 224,664 | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (521) | (1,228) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 233,708 | 225,892 | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 30,139 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 203,569 | $ | 225,892 | |||||||
| Diluted shares | 46,625 | 43,487 | |||||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share | $ | 4.37 | $ | 5.20 | |||||||
Note: For the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch, and the related income tax effects. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, income from operations, the provision for income taxes and earnings per diluted share have been adjusted to exclude merger-related costs, and the related income tax effects. These non-GAAP financial measures provide a better understanding of our financial results on a comparable basis.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin %
The following tables reconcile net income attributable to common stockholders to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin % by segment, which are non-GAAP financial measures, for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 297,798 | $ | 254,976 | $ | 254,058 | $ | (335,799) | $ | 471,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(1)(2) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(1) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 264,570 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (269,910) | $ | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,228) | — | — | — | (1,228) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 59,863 | 59,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 65,710 | 65,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 28,569 | 7,155 | 13,583 | 12,800 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 291,911 | $ | 50,990 | $ | 198,514 | $ | (131,537) | $ | 409,878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (1,554) | — | — | — | (1,554) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,116 | 77 | 231 | 17,638 | 19,062 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related costs | — | — | — | 3,130 | 3,130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 291,473 | $ | 51,067 | $ | 198,745 | $ | (110,769) | $ | 430,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 6.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 7.7 | % | 5.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of our performance and our ability to meet debt service requirements. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, merger-related and integration costs, merger-related fair value adjustments, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, and gain on sale of a U.S. operating branch. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity needs generally arise from fluctuations in our working capital requirements, information technology investments, capital expenditures, acquisitions and debt service obligations. As of December 31, 2021, we had $564.8 million in available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, after giving effect to outstanding letters of credit and certain borrowings under the Company's international lines of credit, and $30.0 million in available borrowing capacity under our Receivables Facility, which combined with available cash of $69.6 million, provided liquidity of $664.4 million. Cash included in our determination of liquidity represents cash in certain deposit and interest bearing investment accounts. We monitor the depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents on a regular basis, and we believe that we have placed our deposits with creditworthy financial institutions.
We regularly review our mix of fixed versus variable rate debt, and we may, from time to time, issue or retire borrowings and/or refinance existing debt in an effort to mitigate the impact of interest rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations, and to maintain a cost-effective capital structure consistent with our anticipated capital requirements. At December 31, 2021, approximately 60% of our debt portfolio was comprised of fixed rate debt.
Since the merger with Anixter, we have used cash and the net proceeds from the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada to reduce our debt, net of cash, by approximately $357.2 million. Over the next several quarters, it is expected that excess liquidity will be directed primarily at debt reduction, merger-related integration activities and potential acquisitions, and we expect to maintain sufficient liquidity through our credit facilities and cash balances. We believe cash provided by operations and financing activities will be adequate to cover our operational and business needs for at least the next twelve months.
We communicate on a regular basis with our lenders regarding our financial and working capital performance, and liquidity position. We were in compliance with all financial covenants and restrictions contained in our debt agreements as of December 31, 2021.
We also measure our ability to meet our debt obligations based on our financial leverage ratio, which was 3.9 as of December 31, 2021 and, on a pro forma basis, 5.3 as of December 31, 2020.
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The following table sets forth our financial leverage ratio, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, for the periods presented:
| Twelve months ended | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Reported | Pro Forma(1) | ||||||||||
| (In millions of dollars, except ratios) | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 408.0 | $ | 115.6 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1.0 | (0.5) | |||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 57.4 | 30.1 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 115.5 | 55.7 | |||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 268.1 | 255.8 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 198.5 | 153.5 | |||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | 1,048.5 | $ | 610.2 | |||||||
Other (income) expense, net(2) | (48.1) | 4.6 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 25.7 | 34.7 | |||||||||
| Merger-related costs and fair value adjustments | 158.5 | 206.7 | |||||||||
| Out-of-period adjustment | — | 18.9 | |||||||||
| Net gain on sale of assets and Canadian divestitures | (8.9) | (19.8) | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(3) | $ | 1,175.7 | $ | 855.3 | |||||||
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt, net | $ | 9.5 | $ | 528.8 | |||||||
| Long-term debt, net | 4,701.5 | 4,370.0 | |||||||||
Debt discount and debt issuance costs(4) | 70.6 | 88.2 | |||||||||
Fair value adjustments to Anixter Senior Notes due 2023 and 2025(4) | (0.9) | (1.7) | |||||||||
| Total debt | 4,780.7 | 4,985.3 | |||||||||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 212.6 | 449.1 | |||||||||
| Total debt, net of cash | $ | 4,568.1 | $ | 4,536.2 | |||||||
| Financial leverage ratio | 3.9 | 5.3 | |||||||||
(1) EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 gives effect to the combination of Wesco and Anixter as if it had occurred at the beginning of the respective trailing twelve month period.
(2) Other non-operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of our pension obligations in the U.S and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans.
(3) Adjusted EBITDA includes the financial results of Wesco’s legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, which were divested in the first quarter of 2021 under a Consent Agreement with the Competition Bureau of Canada.
(4) Debt is presented in the consolidated balance sheets net of debt discount and debt issuance costs, and includes adjustments to record the long-term debt assumed in the merger with Anixter at its acquisition date fair value.
Note: Financial leverage ratio is a non-GAAP measure of the use of debt. Financial leverage ratio is calculated by dividing total debt, excluding debt discount, debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments, less cash and cash equivalents, by adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as the trailing twelve months earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as the trailing twelve months EBITDA before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, costs and fair value adjustments related to the merger with Anixter, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory absorption accounting, and net gains on the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada and sale of an operating branch in the U.S.
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The undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries amounted to approximately $1,851.6 million at December 31, 2021. Most of these earnings have been taxed in the U.S. under either the one-time tax on the deemed repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings (the "transition tax"), or the GILTI tax regime imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Future distributions of previously taxed earnings by our foreign subsidiaries should, therefore, result in minimal U.S. taxation. We have elected to pay the transition tax in installments over eight years. As of December 31, 2021, our liability for the transition tax was $60.7 million. We continue to assert that the remaining undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested. The distribution of earnings by our foreign subsidiaries in the form of dividends, or otherwise, may be subject to additional taxation. We estimate that additional taxes of approximately $82.2 million would be payable upon the remittance of all previously undistributed foreign earnings as of December 31, 2021, based upon the laws in effect on that date. We believe that we are able to maintain sufficient liquidity for our domestic operations and commitments without repatriating cash from our foreign subsidiaries.
We finance our operating and investing needs primarily with borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, Receivables Facility, as well as uncommitted lines of credit entered into by certain of our foreign subsidiaries to support local operations, some of which are overdraft facilities. The Revolving Credit Facility has a borrowing limit of $1,200 million and the purchase limit under the Receivables Facility is $1,300 million. As of December 31, 2021, we had $597.0 million and $1,270.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility, respectively. The maximum borrowing limits of our international lines of credit vary by facility and range between $0.6 million and $31.0 million. Our international lines of credit generally are renewable on an annual basis and certain facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Wesco Distribution. Accordingly, certain borrowings under these lines directly reduce availability under our Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2021, we had $7.4 million outstanding under our international lines of credit.
On June 1, 2021, we amended our Receivables Facility to increase its borrowing capacity from $1,200 million to $1,300 million, extend its maturity date from June 22, 2023 to June 21, 2024, decrease its LIBOR floor from 0.50% to 0.00% and decrease its interest rate spread from 1.20% to 1.15%. Borrowings under the amended accounts receivable securitization facility and revolving credit facility were used to redeem the $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes, as described below.
In an effort to lower our cost of borrowing, on January 14, 2021 and July 2, 2021, we redeemed the $500 million aggregate principal amount of our 2021 Notes and $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes, respectively. These redemptions were funded with available cash, as well as borrowings under our Receivables Facility and Revolving Credit Facility.
On June 12, 2020, we issued $1,500 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $1,325 million aggregate principal amount of 7.250% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and, together with the 2025 Notes, the “Notes”). We used the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes, together with borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility and existing cash on hand, to finance the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
On April 30, 2020, in connection with the Merger, we simultaneously entered into tender offers and consent solicitations with respect to Anixter Inc.’s then outstanding $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.50% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Anixter 2023 Senior Notes”), and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Anixter 2025 Senior Notes” and, together with the Anixter 2023 Senior Notes, the "Anixter Senior Notes"). Upon expiration and settlement of the tender offers and consent solicitations, $62.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the Anixter Senior Notes remain outstanding.
For additional disclosure regarding our debt instruments, including our outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2021, see Note 10, "Debt" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
An analysis of cash flows for 20192021 and 20182020 follows:
Operating Activities. Cash
Net cash provided by operating activities for 20192021 totaled $224.4$67.1 million, compared with $296.7$543.9 million of cash generated in 2018.2020. Net cash provided by operating activities included net income of $466.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $132.2 million, which were primarily comprised of depreciation and amortization of $198.6 million, deferred income taxes of $78.3 million, a gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans of $36.6 million, as described in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, stock-based compensation expense of $30.8 million, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $19.2 million, and a net gain of $8.9 million resulting from the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada, as described in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Other sources of cash in 2021 were generated from an increase in accounts payable of $449.6 million due to higher purchases of inventory, an increase in other current and noncurrent liabilities of $190.3 million, and an increase in accrued payroll and benefit costs of $84.2 million due to higher incentive
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compensation accruals. Primary uses of cash in 2021 included an increase in trade accounts receivable of $531.8 million resulting from significant sales growth, an increase in inventories of $530.7 million to support increased customer demand, an increase in other receivables of $136.7 million associated with higher supplier volume rebate income accruals and an increase in other current and noncurrent assets of $56.3 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2020 totaled $543.9 million, compared with $224.4 million of cash generated in 2019. Cash provided by operating activities included net income of $222.2$100.0 million and adjustments to net income totaling $83.2$113.7 million. SourcesOther sources of cash in 20192020 were generated from a decrease in inventories of $203.8 million, an increase in accounts payableother current and noncurrent liabilities of $23.5$78.2 million, an increase in accrued payroll and benefit costs of $75.6 million, and a decrease in trade accounts receivable of $11.5$47.9 million. Primary uses of cash in 2019 included: an increase in inventories of $47.3 million;2020 included a decrease in accrued payrollaccounts payable of $54.1 million and benefit costs of $39.1 million; an increase in other current and noncurrent assets of $28.8 million; and, a decrease in other current and noncurrent liabilities of $0.8$21.2 million.
Net cash provided by operatinginvesting activities for 2018 totaled $296.7in 2021 was $2.5 million, compared with $149.1to $3,735.1 million of cash generated in 2017. Cash provided by operating activities included net income of $225.4 million and adjustments to net income totaling $84.9 million. Sources of cash in 2018 were generated from an increase in accrued payroll and benefit costs related to incentive compensation of $18.8 million, and an increase in accounts payable of $9.2 million. Primary uses of cash in 2018 included a $22.9 million and
Net cash used in investing activities in 20182020 was $34.1$3,735.1 million, compared with $5.3$60.8 million in 2017.2019. Included in 2020 was $3.7 billion to fund a portion of the merger with Anixter, as described in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. In 2019, we made payments of $27.6 million to acquire Sylvania Lighting Solutions ("SLS"). Capital expenditures in 2018 of $36.2 million increased from $21.5were $56.7 million in 20172020, compared to support the growth of our business.$44.1 million in 2019. Proceeds from the sale of assets were $12.5$6.7 million and $6.8$16.8 million in 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. Other investing activities in 20182020 included $10.4$22.4 million of cash outflows, the majority of which was for the purchase of a foreign investment.inflows.
Financing Activities.
Net cash used in financing activities in 20192021 was $109.8$310.8 million, compared with $275.1$3,480.7 million in 2018. During 2019,of net cash provided by financing activities for 2020. During 2021, financing activities primarily consisted of the redemption of the $500.0 million and $354.7 million aggregate principal amount of our 2021 Notes and 2024 Notes, respectively, borrowings and repayments of $715.4$2,353.4 million and $767.4$2,006.4 million, respectively, related to our Revolving Credit Facility, and borrowings and repayments of $590.0$878.0 million and $450.0$558.0 million, respectively, related to our Receivables Facility, $24.8Facility. Financing activities for 2021 also included $57.4 million appliedof dividends paid to fully repayingholders of our Term Loan Facility, as well asSeries A Preferred Stock, net repayments of $5.0 million related to our various international lines of credit. Additionally,credit of approximately $20.3 million, and $27.2 million of payments for taxes related to the exercise and vesting of stock-based award.
Net cash provided by financing activities for 2019 included the repurchase of $150.0in 2020 was $3,480.7 million, compared with $109.8 million of the Company's common stock pursuant to the share repurchase plan announced on December 13, 2017 and amended on October 31, 2018.
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The following table summarizes our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations at December��December 31, 2019,2021, including interest, and the expected effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.
| 2022 | 2023 to 2024 | 2025 to 2026 | 2027 - After | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, excluding debt discount and debt issuance costs | $ | 9.5 | $ | 1,337.7 | $ | 2,107.5 | $ | 1,325.9 | $ | 4,780.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest on indebtedness(1) | 231.4 | 450.0 | 250.4 | 144.1 | 1,075.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cancelable operating leases | 152.9 | 220.5 | 113.7 | 136.1 | 623.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transition tax installments | 4.4 | 19.7 | 36.6 | — | 60.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans(2) | 10.8 | — | — | — | 10.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 409.0 | $ | 2,027.9 | $ | 2,508.2 | $ | 1,606.1 | $ | 6,551.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2021 to 2022 | 2023 to 2024 | 2025 - After | Total | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual cash obligations (including interest): | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt, excluding debt issuance costs | $ | 26.7 | $ | 915.9 | $ | 350.0 | $ | — | $ | 1,292.6 | |||||||||
Interest on indebtedness(1) | 55.7 | 78.0 | 28.2 | — | 161.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cancelable operating leases | 72.9 | 111.0 | 60.6 | 32.6 | 277.2 | ||||||||||||||
Taxes due on deemed repatriation of foreign earnings(2) | 2.0 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 19.9 | 36.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 157.3 | $ | 1,109.6 | $ | 449.2 | $ | 52.5 | $ | 1,768.6 | |||||||||
(2) As disclosed in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the majority of our various defined benefit pension plans are non-contributory and, with the exception of the U.S. and Canada, cover substantially all full-time employees in their respective countries. Retirement benefits are provided based on compensation as defined in the plans. Our policy is to fund these plans as required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the Internal Revenue Service and local statutory law. We currently estimate that we will contribute $10.8 million to our foreign pension plans in 2022. Due to the future impact of various market conditions, rates of return and changes in plan participants, we cannot provide a meaningful estimate of our future contributions beyond 2022. In addition to the cash requirements disclosed in the table above, we expect future uses of cash to include working capital requirements, capital expenditures, investments in our digital capabilities, costs to integrate the operations of Wesco and Anixter and achieve the anticipated synergies of the Merger, dividend payments to holders of our Series A Preferred Stock, benefit payments to participants in our deferred compensation plan, and other organic opportunities. Future uses of cash could also include acquisitions of businesses and the repurchase of common or preferred stock. We expect to spend approximately $45 million in 2022 on capital expenditures for information technology investments and to support our global network of branches, warehouses and sales offices. We expect to fund future uses of cash with a combination of existing cash balances, cash generated from operating activities, borrowings under our revolving credit and accounts receivable securitization facilities, or new issuances of debt. |
Purchase orders for inventory requirements and service contracts are not included in the table above. Generally, our purchase orders and contracts contain clauses allowing for cancellation. We do not have significant agreements to purchase material or goods that would specify minimum order quantities. Also, we do not consider liabilities for uncertain
Liabilities related to unrecognized tax benefits, to be contractual obligations requiring disclosure due toincluding interest and penalties, of $118.2 million were excluded from the uncertainty surroundingtable above as we cannot reasonably estimate the ultimate settlement and timing of these liabilities. As such, we have not included liabilitiespotential cash settlements with taxing authorities. See Note 12, "Income Taxes" in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for uncertain tax benefits of less than $0.1 million in the table above.
Seasonality
Our operating results are not significantly affected by seasonal factors. Sales during the first quarterand fourth quarters are usually affected by a reduced level of activity. Sales duringactivity due to the second, third and fourth quarters are generally 6% to 9% higher than the first quarter.impact of weather on projects. Sales typically increase beginning in March, with slight fluctuations per month through October. During periods of economic expansion or contraction, our sales by quarter have varied significantly from this pattern.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2, "Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the effect of new accounting pronouncements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.Risk.
Foreign Currency Risks
Approximately 25%28% of our sales in 20192021 were from our foreign subsidiaries located in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and the Asia Pacific region and are denominated in foreign currencies. Our exposure to currency rate fluctuations primarily relate to Canada (Canadian dollar), certain countries in the European Union (euro), the United Kingdom (British pound), Sweden (Swedish krona), Switzerland (Swiss franc), and Australia (dollar). We also have exposure to currency rate fluctuations related to more volatile markets including Argentina (peso), Brazil (real), Chile (peso), Colombia (peso), Mexico (peso), and Turkey (lira). We may establish additional foreign subsidiaries in the future. Accordingly, we may derive a larger portion of our sales from international operations, and a portion of these sales may be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, our future operating results could becomebe subject to further fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, to the extent that we engage in international sales denominated in U.S.
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dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets.
We purchase foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currency-denominated accounts on our reported earnings. The foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the gross and net notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts outstanding were approximately $188.6 million and $111.9 million, respectively. We prepared a sensitivity analysis of our foreign currency forward contracts assuming a 10% adverse change in the value of foreign currency contracts outstanding. The hypothetical adverse changes would have monitoredresulted in recording a $18.9 million and will continue$11.2 million loss in 2021 and 2020, respectively. However, since these forward contracts are intended to monitor our exposure tobe effective economic hedges, we would record offsetting gains as a result of the remeasurement of the underlying foreign currency fluctuations.denominated monetary amounts being hedged.
Interest Rate Risk
Fixed Rate Borrowings: As of December 31, 2019,2021, approximately 66%60% of our debt portfolio is comprised of fixed rate debt. At various times, we have refinancedAs our debt to mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations. As the 2021Anixter 2023 Senior Notes, 2025 Notes, Anixter 2025 Senior Notes and 20242028 Notes were issued at fixed rates, interest expense would not be impacted by interest rate fluctuations, although market value would be. Forfluctuations. However, the 2021 Notes and 2024 Notes, fair value approximated carryingof our fixed rate debt will generally fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest. The fair value (seeof our debt instruments with fixed interest rates is disclosed in Note 4, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments" of our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).Statements.
Floating Rate Borrowings: The Company'sOur variable rate borrowings are comprised of the Revolving Credit Facility, the Receivables Facility, and the international lines of credit. The fair value of these debt instruments at December 31, 20192021 approximated carrying value. We borrow under our Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility for general corporate purposes, including working capital requirements and capital expenditures. Borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the applicable LIBOR / CDOR (Canadian Dealer Offered Rate) or base rates plus applicable margins,spreads, whereas borrowings under the Receivables Facility bear interest at the 30 day30-day LIBOR rate, plus applicable margins.spreads. A 100 basis point increaserise or decreasedecline in interest rates would not have a significant impact on future earningsresult in an increase or decrease to interest expense of $18.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively, under our current capital structure.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The information required by this item is set forth in our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Specific financial statements can be found at the pages listed below:
| PAGE | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting | |||||
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of WESCO International, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of WESCO International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019,2021, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192021 appearing under Item 15(b)15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20192021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
As described in NotesNote 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s goodwill balance was $1.8 billionrevenue arrangements generally consist of single performance obligations to transfer a promised good or service, or combination of goods and services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Revenue is recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which is generally when the product has shipped from the Company’s facility or directly from a supplier. For the year ended December 31, 2019. Goodwill is tested by management for impairment annually during2021, the fourth quarter or more frequently if triggering events occur, indicating that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Management tests for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit level and the evaluation involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. Fair value is estimated using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and a market multiples approach. Management applied significant judgment related to these fair value techniques, which included, for each year in the forecast, the selection of expected operating margin and discount rate assumptions.Company’s net sales were $18,218 million.
The principal considerationsconsideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to the annual goodwill impairment assessmentrevenue recognition is a critical audit matter are (i) there was a high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in applying procedures relating tois the fair value measurements of the reporting units due to the significant amount of judgment by management when developing the estimates; (ii) significant audit effort was required in performing procedures and in evaluating management’s significant assumptions relatingrelated to the estimates, including the expected operating margins and discount rates; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.Company’s revenue recognition.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the determination of the fair value of the Company’s reporting units.revenue recognition process. These procedures also included, among others, for certain components, evaluating revenue transactions on a sample basis by inspecting evidence of consideration received in exchange for transferring goods, and for other components, (i) evaluating revenue transactions by testing management’s processthe issuance and settlement of invoices and credit memos, (ii) tracing transactions not settled to a detailed listing of accounts receivable, (iii) confirming a sample of outstanding customer invoice balances at year end and obtaining and inspecting source documents, including invoices, sales contracts, and subsequent cash receipts, where applicable, for developing the fair value estimates; evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation techniques used in management’s estimates;confirmations not returned, and (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy and relevance of underlying data used in the techniques; and evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions usedprovided by management, including expected operating margins and discount rates. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to expected operating margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the current and past performance of the reporting units, consistency with industry data, and whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. The discount rates were evaluated by considering the cost of capital of comparable business and other market factors, which involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in doing so.management.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
February 24, 202025, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1994.
42
| CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | ||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share data) | (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||
| Assets | Assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Current assets: | Current assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,902 | $ | 96,343 | Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 212,583 | $ | 449,135 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $25,443 and $24,468 | ||||||||||||||||||
| in 2019 and 2018, respectively | 1,187,359 | 1,166,607 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other accounts receivable | 98,029 | 96,984 | ||||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses of $41,723 and $23,909 in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses of $41,723 and $23,909 in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 2,957,613 | 2,466,903 | |||||||||||||||
| Other receivables | Other receivables | 375,885 | 239,199 | |||||||||||||||
| Inventories | 1,011,674 | 948,726 | Inventories | 2,666,219 | 2,163,831 | |||||||||||||
| Income taxes receivable | 16,371 | 24,873 | ||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 76,076 | 52,107 | Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 137,811 | 187,910 | |||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 2,540,411 | 2,385,640 | Total current assets | 6,350,111 | 5,506,978 | |||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment, net (Note 8) | 181,448 | 160,878 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets (Notes 2 and 9) | 235,834 | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net (Note 5) | 287,275 | 316,016 | ||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill (Note 5) | 1,759,040 | 1,722,603 | ||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes (Note 12) | 11,248 | 16,374 | ||||||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment, net | Property, buildings and equipment, net | 379,012 | 399,157 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | Operating lease assets | 530,863 | 534,705 | |||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | Intangible assets, net | 1,944,141 | 2,065,495 | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Goodwill | 3,208,333 | 3,187,169 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | Deferred income taxes | 34,191 | 37,696 | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 2,379 | 3,525 | Other assets | 171,048 | 93,941 | |||||||||||||
| Assets held for sale | Assets held for sale | — | 55,073 | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,017,635 | $ | 4,605,036 | Total assets | $ | 12,617,699 | $ | 11,880,214 | |||||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | Current liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 830,478 | $ | 794,348 | Accounts payable | $ | 2,140,251 | $ | 1,707,329 | |||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefit costs (Note 14) | 49,508 | 88,105 | ||||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt (Note 10) | 26,255 | 30,785 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $488 in 2018 (Note 10) | 430 | 25,429 | ||||||||||||||||
| Bank overdrafts | 18,021 | 17,818 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities (Notes 2 and 9) | 159,367 | 105,461 | ||||||||||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefit costs | Accrued payroll and benefit costs | 314,962 | 198,535 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs of $1,039 in 2020 | Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs of $1,039 in 2020 | 9,528 | 528,830 | |||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | Other current liabilities | 585,067 | 552,301 | |||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 1,084,059 | 1,061,946 | Total current liabilities | 3,049,808 | 2,986,995 | |||||||||||||
Long-term debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $8,876 and $9,243 in 2019 and 2018, respectively (Note 10) | 1,257,067 | 1,167,311 | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities (Notes 2 and 9) | 179,830 | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes (Note 12) | 146,617 | 143,967 | ||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $70,572 and $87,142 in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Long-term debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $70,572 and $87,142 in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 4,701,542 | 4,369,953 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | Operating lease liabilities | 414,248 | 414,889 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | Deferred income taxes | 437,444 | 488,261 | |||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 91,391 | 102,086 | Other noncurrent liabilities | 238,446 | 278,010 | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities held for sale | Liabilities held for sale | — | 5,717 | |||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,758,964 | $ | 2,475,310 | Total liabilities | $ | 8,841,488 | $ | 8,543,825 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | Stockholders’ Equity: | |||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding (Note 11) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| Common stock, $.01 par value; 210,000,000 shares authorized, 59,308,018 and 59,157,696 shares issued and 41,797,093 and 45,106,085 shares outstanding in 2019 and 2018, respectively (Note 11) | 593 | 592 | ||||||||||||||||
| Class B nonvoting convertible common stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 4,339,431 issued and no shares outstanding in 2019 and 2018, respectively | 43 | 43 | ||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding | Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||
| Preferred stock, Series A, $.01 par value; 25,000 shares authorized, 21,612 shares issued and outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Preferred stock, Series A, $.01 par value; 25,000 shares authorized, 21,612 shares issued and outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Common stock, $.01 par value; 210,000,000 shares authorized, 68,162,297 and 67,596,515 shares issued and 50,474,806 and 50,064,985 shares outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Common stock, $.01 par value; 210,000,000 shares authorized, 68,162,297 and 67,596,515 shares issued and 50,474,806 and 50,064,985 shares outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 682 | 676 | |||||||||||||||
| Class B nonvoting convertible common stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 4,339,431 issued and no shares outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Class B nonvoting convertible common stock, $.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 4,339,431 issued and no shares outstanding in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 43 | 43 | |||||||||||||||
| Additional capital | 1,039,347 | 993,666 | Additional capital | 1,969,332 | 1,942,810 | |||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | 2,530,429 | 2,307,462 | Retained earnings | 3,004,690 | 2,601,662 | |||||||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost; 21,850,356 and 18,391,042 shares in 2019 and 2018, respectively | (937,157 | ) | (758,018 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost; 22,026,922 and 21,870,961 shares in 2021 and 2020, respectively | Treasury stock, at cost; 22,026,922 and 21,870,961 shares in 2021 and 2020, respectively | (956,188) | (938,335) | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (367,772 | ) | (408,435 | ) | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (236,035) | (263,134) | |||||||||||
| Total WESCO International, Inc. stockholders' equity | 2,265,483 | 2,135,310 | Total WESCO International, Inc. stockholders' equity | 3,782,524 | 3,343,722 | |||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | (6,812 | ) | (5,584 | ) | Noncontrolling interests | (6,313) | (7,333) | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 2,258,671 | 2,129,726 | Total stockholders’ equity | 3,776,211 | 3,336,389 | |||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,017,635 | $ | 4,605,036 | Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 12,617,699 | $ | 11,880,214 | |||||||||
43
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 8,358,917 | $ | 8,176,601 | $ | 7,679,021 | Net sales | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 6,777,456 | 6,609,220 | 6,194,366 | Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 14,425,444 | 9,998,329 | 6,777,456 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses (Note 14) | 1,173,137 | 1,151,944 | 1,101,598 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,791,641 | 1,859,028 | 1,173,137 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 62,107 | 62,997 | 64,017 | Depreciation and amortization | 198,554 | 121,600 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 346,217 | 352,440 | 319,040 | Income from operations | 801,873 | 347,038 | 346,217 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and other | 64,156 | 71,415 | 66,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | Interest expense, net | 268,073 | 226,591 | 65,710 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net (Note 14) | Other income, net (Note 14) | (48,112) | (2,395) | (1,554) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 282,061 | 281,025 | 252,440 | Income before income taxes | 581,912 | 122,842 | 282,061 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes (Note 12) | 59,863 | 55,670 | 89,307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | Provision for income taxes | 115,510 | 22,803 | 59,863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 222,198 | 225,355 | 163,133 | Net income | 466,402 | 100,039 | 222,198 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,228 | ) | (1,988 | ) | (327 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 1,020 | (521) | (1,228) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | $ | 223,426 | $ | 227,343 | $ | 163,460 | Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | 465,382 | 100,560 | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividends | Less: Preferred stock dividends | 57,408 | 30,139 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 407,974 | $ | 70,421 | $ | 223,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income: | Other comprehensive (loss) income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 49,306 | (99,643 | ) | 85,762 | Foreign currency translation adjustments | (15,584) | 95,577 | 49,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Post retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax (Note 14) | (8,643 | ) | 3,798 | (6,381 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | $ | 264,089 | $ | 131,498 | $ | 242,841 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | Post-retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | 42,683 | 9,061 | (8,643) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders | Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 435,073 | $ | 175,059 | $ | 264,089 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share attributable to WESCO International, Inc. (Note 13) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 5.18 | $ | 4.87 | $ | 3.42 | Basic | $ | 8.11 | $ | 1.53 | $ | 5.18 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 5.14 | $ | 4.82 | $ | 3.38 | Diluted | $ | 7.84 | $ | 1.51 | $ | 5.14 | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
44
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Other | Accumulated Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class B | Retained | Comprehensive | Class B | Series A | Retained | Comprehensive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Common Stock | Additional | Earnings | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling | Income | Common Stock | Common Stock | Preferred Stock | Additional | Earnings | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling | Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Capital | (Deficit) | Amount | Shares | Interests | (Loss) | (In thousands) | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Capital | (Deficit) | Amount | Shares | Interests | (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 588 | 58,817,781 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | 986,020 | $ | 1,914,757 | $ | (542,537 | ) | (14,545,715 | ) | $ | (3,269 | ) | $ | (391,971 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock-based awards | 3 | 243,361 | (407 | ) | (4,583 | ) | (51,401 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 14,809 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | 38 | (100,038 | ) | (1,778,537 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | — | (15,380 | ) | (1,304 | ) | 1,480 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | (327 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO | 163,460 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments | 85,762 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,361 | (6,381 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 591 | 59,045,762 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | 999,156 | $ | 2,079,697 | $ | (647,158 | ) | (16,375,653 | ) | $ | (3,596 | ) | $ | (312,590 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock-based awards | 1 | 130,371 | (45 | ) | (841 | ) | (11,943 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense and other | 10,790 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | (14,981 | ) | (110,019 | ) | (2,003,446 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | — | (18,437 | ) | (1,254 | ) | 422 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | (1,988 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO | 227,343 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments | (99,643 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $1,406 | 3,798 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 592 | 59,157,696 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | 993,666 | $ | 2,307,462 | $ | (758,018 | ) | (18,391,042 | ) | $ | (5,584 | ) | $ | (408,435 | ) | Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 592 | 59,157,696 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | — | — | $ | 993,666 | $ | 2,307,462 | $ | (758,018) | (18,391,042) | $ | (5,584) | $ | (408,435) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock-based awards | 1 | 198,985 | (84 | ) | (238 | ) | (3,730 | ) | Exercise of stock-based awards | 1 | 198,985 | (84) | (238) | (3,730) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 19,062 | Stock-based compensation expense | 19,062 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | 28,901 | (178,901 | ) | (3,455,584 | ) | Repurchases of common stock | 28,901 | (178,901) | (3,455,584) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | — | (48,663 | ) | (2,198 | ) | (459 | ) | Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | — | (48,663) | (2,198) | (459) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | (1,228 | ) | Noncontrolling interests | (1,228) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Wesco | Net income attributable to Wesco | 223,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments | 49,306 | Translation adjustments | 49,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,943 | (8,643 | ) | Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,943 | (8,643) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | 593 | 59,308,018 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | 1,039,347 | $ | 2,530,429 | $ | (937,157 | ) | (21,850,356 | ) | $ | (6,812 | ) | $ | (367,772 | ) | Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | 593 | 59,308,018 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | — | — | $ | 1,039,347 | $ | 2,530,429 | $ | (937,157) | (21,850,356) | $ | (6,812) | $ | (367,772) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock-based awards | Exercise of stock-based awards | 1 | 171,517 | (40) | (1,178) | (20,605) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | Stock-based compensation expense | 19,279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | — | (33,248) | (2,377) | 812 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital stock issuance | Capital stock issuance | 82 | 8,150,228 | — | 21,612 | 886,601 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | Noncontrolling interests | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Wesco | Net income attributable to Wesco | 100,560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | Preferred stock dividends | (30,139) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments | Translation adjustments | 95,577 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,891 | Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $2,891 | 9,061 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | 676 | 67,596,515 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | — | 21,612 | $ | 1,942,810 | $ | 2,601,662 | $ | (938,335) | (21,870,961) | $ | (7,333) | $ | (263,134) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock-based awards | Exercise of stock-based awards | 7 | 662,261 | (43) | (17,853) | (155,961) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | Stock-based compensation expense | 30,821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units and retirement of common stock | (1) | (96,479) | (4,256) | 7 | (4,946) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | Noncontrolling interests | 1,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Wesco | Net income attributable to Wesco | 465,382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | Preferred stock dividends | (57,408) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation adjustments | Translation adjustments | (15,584) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $13,043 | Benefit plan adjustments, net of tax effect of $13,043 | 42,683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 682 | 68,162,297 | $ | 43 | 4,339,431 | $ | — | 21,612 | $ | 1,969,332 | $ | 3,004,690 | $ | (956,188) | (22,026,922) | $ | (6,313) | $ | (236,035) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
45
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities: | Operating Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 222,198 | $ | 225,355 | $ | 163,133 | Net income | $ | 466,402 | $ | 100,039 | $ | 222,198 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 62,107 | 62,997 | 64,017 | Depreciation and amortization | 198,554 | 121,600 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 19,062 | 16,445 | 14,809 | Stock-based compensation expense | 30,821 | 19,279 | 19,062 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating activities (Note 2) | (11,175 | ) | (3,652 | ) | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes (Note 12) | 13,205 | 9,137 | (50,396 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs | 19,197 | 10,578 | 3,578 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans | Gain on curtailment of defined benefit pension plans | (36,580) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets and divestitures, net | Gain on sale of assets and divestitures, net | (8,927) | (19,816) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating activities, net | Other operating activities, net | 7,406 | 15,604 | (14,753) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | Deferred income taxes | (78,285) | (33,538) | 13,205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | Changes in assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 11,453 | (22,934 | ) | (112,977 | ) | Trade accounts receivable, net | (531,828) | 47,879 | 11,453 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other receivables | Other receivables | (136,659) | (23,520) | 130 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventories | (47,297 | ) | (8,702 | ) | (119,002 | ) | Inventories | (530,730) | 203,827 | (47,297) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other current and noncurrent assets | (28,785 | ) | (4,239 | ) | (2,829 | ) | Other current and noncurrent assets | (56,274) | 2,321 | (28,915) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 23,505 | 9,193 | 102,870 | Accounts payable | 449,564 | (54,127) | 23,505 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefit costs | (39,081 | ) | 18,777 | 24,679 | Accrued payroll and benefit costs | 84,204 | 75,556 | (39,081) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current and noncurrent liabilities | (825 | ) | (5,656 | ) | 64,793 | Other current and noncurrent liabilities | 190,273 | 78,249 | (825) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 224,367 | 296,721 | 149,122 | Net cash provided by operating activities | 67,138 | 543,931 | 224,367 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities: | Investing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (44,067 | ) | (36,210 | ) | (21,507 | ) | Capital expenditures | (54,746) | (56,671) | (44,067) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition payments | (27,597 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets | 16,795 | 12,461 | 6,766 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities | (5,931 | ) | (10,393 | ) | 9,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (60,800 | ) | (34,142 | ) | (5,295 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition payments, net of cash acquired | Acquisition payments, net of cash acquired | — | (3,707,575) | (27,597) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets and divestitures | Proceeds from sale of assets and divestitures | 56,010 | 19,066 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property, buildings and equipment | Proceeds from sale of property, buildings and equipment | 5,221 | 6,721 | 16,795 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | Other investing activities, net | (3,948) | 3,310 | (5,931) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 2,537 | (3,735,149) | (60,800) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities: | Financing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of short-term debt, net (Note 2) | (29,780 | ) | (1,454 | ) | 11,789 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of short-term debt, net | Repayments of short-term debt, net | (20,313) | (11,258) | (29,780) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 | Repayment of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 | (500,000) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 | Repayment of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 | (354,704) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 1,305,421 | 1,193,067 | 1,504,636 | Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 3,231,443 | 5,114,210 | 1,305,421 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayments of long-term debt | (1,217,434 | ) | (1,318,470 | ) | (1,556,636 | ) | Repayments of long-term debt | (2,565,142) | (1,513,048) | (1,217,434) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock (Note 13) | (153,049 | ) | (127,169 | ) | (106,792 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of deferred acquisition payable | (11,401 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in bank overdrafts | 204 | (19,857 | ) | 8,199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financing activities (Note 2) | (3,727 | ) | (1,211 | ) | (2,392 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (109,766 | ) | (275,094 | ) | (141,196 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net-share settlement of equity awards | Payments for taxes related to net-share settlement of equity awards | (27,158) | (2,901) | (3,049) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | Repurchases of common stock | — | — | (150,000) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt issuance costs | Debt issuance costs | (2,280) | (80,231) | (2,707) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment of dividends | Payment of dividends | (57,408) | (30,139) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other financing activities, net | Other financing activities, net | (15,217) | 4,108 | (12,217) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (310,779) | 3,480,741 | (109,766) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 758 | (9,095 | ) | 5,191 | Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 4,552 | 8,710 | 758 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 54,559 | (21,610 | ) | 7,822 | Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (236,552) | 298,233 | 54,559 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 96,343 | 117,953 | 110,131 | Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 449,135 | 150,902 | 96,343 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | 150,902 | $ | 96,343 | $ | 117,953 | Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | 212,583 | $ | 449,135 | $ | 150,902 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures: | Supplemental disclosures: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 65,275 | $ | 64,702 | $ | 63,795 | Cash paid for interest | $ | 249,654 | $ | 169,620 | $ | 65,275 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for taxes | 64,531 | 61,983 | 65,117 | Cash paid for taxes | 118,183 | 56,186 | 64,531 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment acquired through capital leases | 1,341 | 437 | 552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
46
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION
WESCO International, Inc. ("WESCOWesco International") and its subsidiaries (collectively, “WESCO”“Wesco” or the "Company"), headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a full-line distributorleading provider of electrical, industrialbusiness-to-business distribution, logistics services and communications maintenance, repair andsupply chain solutions.
The Company has operating segments that are organized around three strategic business units consisting of Electrical & Electronic Solutions ("MRO"EES"), Communications & Security Solutions ("CSS") and original equipment manufacturerUtility & Broadband Solutions ("OEM"UBS") products, construction materials, and advanced supply chain management and logistics services used primarily. The Company's operating segments are described further in the industrial, construction, utility and commercial, institutional and government markets. WESCO serves approximately 70,000 active customers globally, through approximately 500 branches and 11 distribution centers located primarily in the United States, Canada and Mexico, with operations in 16 additional countries.Note 17, "Business Segments".
2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of ConsolidationPresentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of WESCOWesco International and all of its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Out-of-Period Adjustment
In the fourth quarter of 2020, management determined that the Company’s inventories were overstated by $60.3 million because of a misstatement in inventory cost absorption accounting, which occurred over multiple periods and also impacted inventories acquired in business combinations during those periods. Accordingly, the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020 reflects a reduction to inventories of $60.3 million, an increase to goodwill of $33.9 million and a decrease to deferred income tax liabilities of $12.0 million. The resulting effect of the out-of-period adjustment on the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was a $18.9 million increase to cost of goods sold, which decreased net income for the year by $14.4 million. Management concluded that this misstatement was not material to the prior year or the financial statements of any previously filed annual or interim periods.
Change in Estimates
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company established a new corporate brand strategy that will result in migrating certain legacy sub-brands to a master brand architecture. The Company accounts for the trademarks associated with these sub-brands as intangible assets. As of December 31, 2020, $39.1 million of the trademarks impacted by the master brand strategy had indefinite lives and $9.5 million had remaining estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to 8 years. As disclosed further below, the Company continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that would require a change to the estimated useful lives of indefinite-lived and definite lived intangible assets. When such a change is warranted, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. Accordingly, during the second quarter of 2021, the Company changed the estimated useful lives of the trademarks affected by the new corporate brand strategy to coincide with the expected period of time to migrate such sub-brands to the master brand architecture. The Company assigned remaining estimated useful lives to these trademarks, including those that previously had indefinite lives, ranging from less than one year to 5 years. The Company assessed these intangible assets for impairment prior to amortizing them over their revised estimated remaining useful lives. No impairment losses were identified as a result of these tests. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $32.0 million of amortization expense resulting from these changes in estimated useful lives.
Reclassifications
The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 2018 and 2017respectively, include certain reclassifications to previously reported amounts to conform to the current period's presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the totals of operating, investing and financing cash flow activities for those years.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions WESCOWesco may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from the estimates.
47
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Revenue Recognition
Supplier Volume Rebates
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are defined as highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less when purchased.
Allowance for Doubtful AccountsExpected Credit Losses
Inventories
Inventories primarily consist of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined principally under the average cost method. WESCO makes provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories as necessary to reflect reductions in value. WESCO writes down its inventories to net realizable value based on internal factors derived from historical analysis of actual losses. WESCO uses past data to identify items in excess of 36 months supply relative to demand or movement. WESCO then analyzes the ultimate disposition of identified excess inventories as they are sold, returned to supplier, or scrapped. This historical item-by-item analysis allows WESCO to develop an estimate of the likelihood that an item identified as being in excess supply ultimately becomes obsolete. WESCO applies the estimate to inventories currently in excess of 36 months supply, andWesco reduces the carrying value of its inventories byat the derived amount.earlier of identifying an item that is considered to be obsolete or in excess of supply relative to demand, or no movement in a prescribed number of months. Reserves for excess and obsolete inventories were $30.7$50.3 million and $27.6$28.7 million at December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. The total expense related to excess and obsolete inventories, which is included in cost of goods sold, was $37.1 million, $15.7 million and $10.0 million $9.7 millionfor 2021, 2020 and $8.8 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. WESCO absorbs into the cost of inventories certain overhead expenses such as purchasing, receiving and storage and at December 31, 2019 and 2018, $71.2 million and $69.2 million, respectively, of these costs were included in ending inventories.
Property, Buildings and Equipment
Property, buildings and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation expense is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over either their respective lease terms or their estimated lives, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives range from five to forty years for buildings and leasehold improvements and threetwo to ten years for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
48
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Expenditures for new facilities and improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When property is retired or otherwise disposed, of, the cost and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are recorded and reported as selling, general and administrative expenses.
Of WESCO’s $181.4Wesco’s $379.0 million net book value of property, buildings and equipment as of December 31, 2019, $88.12021, $133.6 million consists of land, buildings and leasehold improvements that are geographically dispersed among WESCO’s 500Wesco’s 800 branches, warehouses and 11 distribution centers,sales offices, mitigating the risk of impairment. WESCOWesco assesses its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any such assets may not be fully recoverable. Changes in circumstances include technological advances, changes in the business model, capital structure, economic conditions or operating performance. The evaluation is based upon, among other things, utilization, serviceability and assumptions aboutdeveloped by management, which are categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, related to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows that these assets are expected to generate. When the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group,(asset group), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that carrying value exceeds fair value. Management applies its best judgment when performing these evaluations.
Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception of the arrangement. Classification and initial measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability are determined at the lease commencement date. The Company elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption; therefore, leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments. Certain leases contain rent escalation clauses that are either fixed or adjusted periodically for inflation or market rates and such clauses are factored into the Company's determination of lease payments. Wesco also has variable lease payments that do not depend on a rate or index, primarily for items such as common area maintenance and real estate taxes, which are recorded as variable expense when incurred. The operating lease asset includes advance payments and excludes incentives and initial direct costs incurred.
The Company's arrangements include certain non-lease components such as common area and other maintenance for leased real estate, as well as mileage, fuel and maintenance costs related to leased automobiles and trucks. Wesco accounts for these non-lease components separately from the associated lease components. The Company does not guarantee any residual value in its lease agreements, and there are no material restrictions or covenants imposed by lease arrangements. Real estate leases typically include one or more options to extend the lease, or terminate early. The Company regularly evaluates the renewal options, and when they are reasonably certain of exercise, the Company includes the renewal period in its lease term. For most of Wesco’s leases, the discount rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date to discount lease payments to the present value.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, using information available at the end of September, or more frequently if triggering events occur, indicating that their carrying value may not be recoverable. WESCOWesco tests for goodwill impairment on a reporting unit levellevel. The Company first assesses qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant events such as changes in key personnel, changes in the evaluation involvescomposition or carrying amount of the net assets of a reporting unit, and changes in in share price, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of Wesco's reporting units are less than their carrying values. If the qualitative assessment indicates that the fair values of the Company's reporting units may not exceed their respective carrying values, then Wesco performs a quantitative test for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company determines the fair values of theits reporting units are determined using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and consideration of market multiples. Assumptions used for these fair value techniques,The discounted cash flow analysis uses certain assumptions, including expected operating margin and discount rate, are based onmargins supported by a combination of historical results, current forecasts, market data and recent economic events. WESCOevents, which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses a discount rate that reflects market participants' cost of capital. Wesco evaluates the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using the relief-from-royalty method based on projected financial information. Significant inputs used in the relief-from-royalty method include projected revenues, discount rates, royalty rates, and applicable income tax rates. At December 31, 20192021 and 2018, respectively,2020, goodwill and indefinite-lived trademarks totaled $1.9 billion and $1.8$4.0 billion.
49
WESCO performed its annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter. A possible indicator of goodwill impairment is the relationship of a company’s market capitalization to its book value. As of December 31, 2019, WESCO's market capitalization exceeded its book value and the fair values of its reporting units exceeded their carrying values. Accordingly, there were no impairment losses identified as a result of the annual test.INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment, particularly as it relates to the underlying assumptions and managementfactors around expected operating margins and discount rate. Management applies its best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of financial projections. Fair values are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment tests will prove to be an accurate prediction of future results.
Definite Lived Intangible Assets
Definite lived intangible assets are amortized over 21 to 20 years. A portion of definite lived intangible assets related to certainCertain customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated method whereas all other definite lived intangible assets subject to amortization use a straight-line method. In either case, the amortization method reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the respective assets are consumed or otherwise used. DefiniteWesco continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that would indicate the remaining estimated useful lives of definite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment if eventsrequire revision or circumstances occur indicating that the respective asset mightremaining carrying value of such assets may not be impaired.recoverable.
Insurance Programs
Income Taxes
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”) imposed a one-time tax on the deemed repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings (the "transition tax"“transition tax”). Except for thea portion of foreign earnings previously taxed in the U.S. that can effectively be distributed without further material U.S. or foreign earnings that have been repatriated, WESCOtaxation, the Company continues to assert that the remaining undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries the majority of which were subject to the transition tax, are indefinitely reinvested. WESCOTo the extent the earnings of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are distributed in the form of dividends, such earnings may be subject to additional taxes. The Company believes that it is able to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity for its domestic operations and commitments without repatriatingincurring any material tax cost to repatriate cash held by theseits foreign subsidiaries. Upon any future repatriation, additional tax expense or benefit may be incurred; however, management does not believe it will be material.
The provisions of the TCJA also introduced U.S. taxation on certain global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"). WESCOWesco has elected to account for GILTI tax as a component of income tax expense.
Foreign Currency
The local currency is the functional currency for most of the majority of WESCO’sCompany's operations outside the United States.U.S. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period. Income statement accounts are translated at an exchange rate that approximates the average for the period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in net income for the period.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Liabilities and expenses for defined benefit pension benefitsplans are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the interest rate used to discount the future estimated cash flows, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce (salary increases, retirement age, and mortality).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring and nonrecurring basis according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date; Level 2 inputs include inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs infor which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Other non-operating income and expenses ("other, net") primarily includes interest expense, interest income, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs, the non-service cost components of net periodic benefitpension cost (benefit) and foreign exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of certain financial instruments.losses.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2021. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto presented herein.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Management does not expect the replacement of London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and the related adoption of the optional guidance under this accounting standard to have a material impact on itsthe Company's consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
Other pronouncements issued by the FASB or other authoritative accounting standards groups with future effective dates are either not applicable or are not expected to be significant to WESCO’sWesco’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
3. REVENUE
The following tables disaggregate WESCO’sWesco’s net sales by end marketsegment and geography:geography for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Electrical & Electronic Solutions | $ | 7,621,263 | $ | 5,479,760 | $ | 4,860,541 | |||||||||||
| Communications & Security Solutions | 5,715,238 | 3,323,264 | 909,496 | ||||||||||||||
| Utility & Broadband Solutions | 4,881,011 | 3,522,971 | 2,588,880 | ||||||||||||||
| Total by segment | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||
| Industrial | $ | 3,000,253 | $ | 2,983,062 | $ | 2,852,357 | |||||
| Construction | 2,743,852 | 2,684,844 | 2,546,261 | ||||||||
| Utility | 1,347,448 | 1,303,697 | 1,181,704 | ||||||||
| Commercial, Institutional and Government | 1,267,364 | 1,204,998 | 1,098,699 | ||||||||
| Total by end market | $ | 8,358,917 | $ | 8,176,601 | $ | 7,679,021 | |||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 13,157,866 | $ | 9,110,453 | $ | 6,234,119 | |||||||||||
| Canada | 2,747,187 | 1,892,321 | 1,647,066 | ||||||||||||||
Other International(1) | 2,312,459 | 1,323,221 | 477,732 | ||||||||||||||
Total by geography(2) | $ | 18,217,512 | $ | 12,325,995 | $ | 8,358,917 | |||||||||||
(1) No individual country's net sales are greater than 10% of total net sales.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||
| United States | $ | 6,234,119 | $ | 6,089,130 | $ | 5,775,988 | |||||
Canada (1) | 1,647,066 | 1,647,933 | 1,521,378 | ||||||||
Other International (1) | 477,732 | 439,538 | 381,655 | ||||||||
| Total by geography | $ | 8,358,917 | $ | 8,176,601 | $ | 7,679,021 | |||||
Wesco’s revenues are adjusted for variable consideration, which includes customer volume rebates, returns and discounts. WESCOWesco measures variable consideration by estimating expected outcomes using analysis and inputs based upon historical data, as well as current and forecasted information. Variable consideration is reviewed by management on a monthly basis and revenue is adjusted accordingly. Variable consideration reduced revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 20172019 by approximately $433.4 million, $269.5 million and $106.6 million, $107.4respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's estimated product return obligation was $38.8 million and $91.1$38.9 million, respectively.
4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, bank overdrafts, outstanding indebtedness, foreign currency forward contracts, and benefit plan assets. The fair value of the Company's benefit plan assets is disclosed in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans" and except for outstanding indebtedness. indebtedness and foreign currency forward contracts, the carrying value of the Company’s remaining financial instruments approximates fair value.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The Company uses a market approach to determine the fair value of its debt instruments, utilizing quoted prices in active markets, interest rates and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving similar instruments. Therefore, the inputs used to measure the fair value of the Company's debt instruments are classified as Level
2 within the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying value of Wesco's debt instruments with fixed interest rates was $2,880.7 million and $3,730.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The estimated fair value of this debt was $3,118.0 million and $4,084.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The reported carrying amountsvalues of WESCO's financialWesco's other debt instruments, including those with variable interest rates, approximated their fair values as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018.2020.
The Company purchases foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currency-denominated accounts on its earnings. The foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company's strategy is to negotiate terms for its derivatives and other financial instruments to be highly effective, such that the change in the value of the derivative offsets the impact of the underlying hedge. Its counterparties to foreign currency forward contracts have investment-grade credit ratings. The Company regularly monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties to ensure no issues exist that could affect the value of its derivatives.
The Company does not hedge 100% of its foreign currency-denominated accounts. In addition, the results of hedging can vary significantly based on various factors, such as the timing of executing foreign currency forward contracts versus the movement of currencies, as well as fluctuations in the account balances throughout each reporting period. The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is based on the difference between the contract rate and the current price of a forward contract with an equivalent remaining term. The fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is measured using observable market information. These inputs are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, foreign currency forward contracts were revalued at then-current foreign exchange rates with the changes in valuation reflected directly in other non-operating expenses (income) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income offsetting the transaction gain (loss) recorded on foreign currency-denominated accounts. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the gross and net notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts outstanding were approximately $188.6 million and $111.9 million, respectively. While all of the Company's foreign currency forward contracts are subject to master netting arrangements with its counterparties, assets and liabilities related to these contracts are presented on a gross basis within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The gross fair value of assets and liabilities related to foreign currency forward contracts were immaterial.
5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The following table sets forth the changes in the carrying value of goodwill:goodwill by reportable segment for the periods presented:
| EES | CSS | UBS | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2020 | $ | 573,447 | $ | 235,711 | $ | 949,882 | $ | 1,759,040 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments to goodwill for acquisitions (Note 6)(1) (2) (3) | 264,538 | 868,936 | 250,553 | 1,384,027 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 15,471 | 10,853 | 17,778 | 44,102 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 853,456 | $ | 1,115,500 | $ | 1,218,213 | $ | 3,187,169 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments to goodwill for acquisitions (Note 6)(4) | 1,124 | 8,603 | 4,215 | 13,942 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes and other | 6,378 | (2,391) | 3,235 | 7,222 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 860,958 | $ | 1,121,712 | $ | 1,225,663 | $ | 3,208,333 | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||
| Beginning balance January 1 | $ | 1,722,603 | $ | 1,771,877 | |||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 30,670 | (49,274 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to goodwill for acquisitions | 5,767 | — | |||||
| Ending balance December 31 | $ | 1,759,040 | $ | 1,722,603 | |||
| December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life | Gross Carrying Amount (1) | Accumulated Amortization (1) | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount (1) | Accumulated Amortization (1) | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademarks | Indefinite | $ | 98,699 | $ | — | $ | 98,699 | $ | 96,260 | $ | — | $ | 96,260 | ||||||||||||
| Trademarks | 10-15 | 24,800 | (9,319 | ) | 15,481 | 25,185 | (7,585 | ) | 17,600 | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 5 | 196 | (180 | ) | 16 | 196 | (141 | ) | 55 | ||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 10-20 | 358,341 | (201,962 | ) | 156,379 | 358,620 | (180,395 | ) | 178,225 | ||||||||||||||||
| Distribution agreements | 10-19 | 37,371 | (25,294 | ) | 12,077 | 36,984 | (22,562 | ) | 14,422 | ||||||||||||||||
| Patents | 10 | 48,310 | (43,687 | ) | 4,623 | 48,310 | (38,856 | ) | 9,454 | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | 567,717 | $ | (280,442 | ) | $ | 287,275 | $ | 565,555 | $ | (249,539 | ) | $ | 316,016 | ||||||||||||
(3) Adjustments to goodwill include $26.1 million that was classified as held for sale on the years endedUBS segment as of December 31, 2019, 20182020, as disclosed in Note 7, "Assets and 2017, respectively.Liabilities Held For Sale". Such amount was disposed in the first quarter of 2021 as part of the Canadian divestitures disclosed in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals".
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The components of intangible assets are as follows:
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life (in years) | Gross Carrying Amount (1) | Accumulated Amortization (1) | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount (1) | Accumulated Amortization (1) | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trademarks(2) | Indefinite | $ | 795,065 | $ | — | $ | 795,065 | $ | 833,793 | $ | — | $ | 833,793 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer relationships(3) | 10 - 20 | 1,431,251 | (308,180) | 1,123,071 | 1,434,554 | (227,585) | 1,206,969 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution agreements(3) | 15 - 19 | 29,212 | (22,714) | 6,498 | 29,212 | (21,040) | 8,172 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trademarks(2)(3) | 1 - 12 | 38,758 | (20,058) | 18,700 | 24,898 | (11,415) | 13,483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 2 | 4,300 | (3,493) | 807 | 4,462 | (1,384) | 3,078 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,298,586 | $ | (354,445) | $ | 1,944,141 | $ | 2,326,919 | $ | (261,424) | $ | 2,065,495 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Excludes the original cost and related accumulated amortization of fully-amortized intangible assets.
(2)As disclosed in Note 2, "Accounting Policies", the Company assigned remaining estimated useful lives to certain trademarks, including those that previously had indefinite lives.
(3)The net carrying amount as of December 31, 2020 excluded $1.0 million of trademarks, $3.3 million of customer relationships and $1.4 million of distribution agreements that were classified as held for sale and disposed in the first quarter of 2021 as part of the Canadian divestitures disclosed in Note 7, "Assets and Liabilities Held For Sale".
Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled $119.6 million, $66.5 million and $35.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, amortization expense includes $32.0 million resulting from the changes in estimated useful lives of certain legacy trademarks that are migrating to the Company's master brand architecture, as described in Note 2, "Accounting Policies".
The following table sets forth the remaining estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter:
| For the year ending December 31, | (In thousands) | ||
| 2020 | $ | 34,037 | |
| 2021 | 26,387 | ||
| 2022 | 23,903 | ||
| 2023 | 23,311 | ||
| 2024 | 19,863 | ||
| Thereafter | 61,075 | ||
| For the year ending December 31, | (In thousands) | ||||
| 2022 | $ | 92,593 | |||
| 2023 | 83,287 | ||||
| 2024 | 80,827 | ||||
| 2025 | 77,710 | ||||
| 2026 | 60,834 | ||||
| Thereafter | 753,825 | ||||
The annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets involve the assessment of factors, events and circumstances at a point in time that are subject to supplier concentration risk as Eaton Corporation,change. As a result, there can be no assurance that the fair values of the Company's largest supplier,reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets will exceed their carrying values in the future, and that goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets will be fully recoverable.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
6. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSALS
Anixter International Inc.
On June 22, 2020, Wesco completed its acquisition of Anixter International Inc. ("Anixter"), a Delaware corporation. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated January 10, 2020 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Anixter, Wesco and Warrior Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco (“Merger Sub”), Merger Sub was merged with and into Anixter (the “Merger”), with Anixter surviving the Merger and continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco. On June 23, 2020, Anixter merged with and into Anixter Inc., with Anixter Inc. surviving to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Wesco.
The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured notes, borrowings under its revolving credit and accounts receivable securitization facilities (as described further in Note 10, "Debt"), as well as cash on hand, to finance the acquisition of Anixter and related transaction costs.
At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock of Anixter (subject to limited exceptions) was converted into the right to receive (i) $72.82 in cash, (ii) 0.2397 shares of common stock of Wesco, par value $0.01 per share and (iii) 0.6356 depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of newly issued fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock of Wesco, Series A, with a $25,000 stated amount per whole preferred share and an initial dividend rate equal to 10.625%.
Anixter was a leading distributor of network and security solutions, electrical and electronic solutions, and utility power solutions with locations in over 300 cities across approximately 50 countries, and 2019 annual sales of more than $8 billion. The Merger brought together two companies with highly compatible capabilities and characteristics. The combination of Wesco and Anixter created an enterprise with scale and has afforded the Company the opportunity to digitize its business and expand its services portfolio and supply chain offerings.
The total fair value of consideration transferred for the Merger consisted of the following:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Cash portion attributable to common stock outstanding | $ | 2,476,010 | |||
| Cash portion attributable to options and restricted stock units outstanding | 87,375 | ||||
| Fair value of cash consideration | 2,563,385 | ||||
| Common stock consideration | 313,512 | ||||
| Series A preferred stock consideration | 573,786 | ||||
| Fair value of equity consideration | 887,298 | ||||
| Extinguishment of Anixter obligations, including accrued and unpaid interest | 1,247,653 | ||||
| Total purchase consideration | $ | 4,698,336 | |||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosure related to acquisitions: | |||||
| Cash paid for acquisition | $ | 3,811,038 | |||
| Less: Cash acquired | (103,463) | ||||
| Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired | $ | 3,707,575 | |||
The Merger was accounted for approximately 11%as a business combination with Wesco acquiring Anixter in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase consideration was allocated to the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective acquisition date fair value, with any excess allocated to goodwill. The fair value estimates were based on income, market and cost valuation methods using primarily unobservable inputs developed by management, which are categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Specifically, the fair values of the identified trademark and customer relationship intangible assets were estimated using the relief-from-royalty and multi-period excess earnings methods, respectively. Significant inputs used to value these identifiable intangible assets included projected revenues and expected operating margins, customer attrition rates, discount rates, royalty rates, and applicable income tax rates. The excess purchase consideration recorded as goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes, and has been assigned to the Company's reportable segments based on their relative fair values, as disclosed in Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets". The resulting goodwill is primarily attributable to Anixter's workforce, significant cross-selling opportunities in additional geographies, enhanced scale, and other operational efficiencies.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company finalized its purchasesallocation of the purchase consideration to the respective fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
The following table sets forth the allocation of the purchase consideration paidto the respective fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for acquisitions:the acquisition of Anixter:
Preliminary Fair Value Estimates(1) | Measurement Period Adjustments | Final Purchase Price Allocation(1) | |||||||||||||||
| Assets | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 103,463 | $ | — | $ | 103,463 | |||||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable | 1,309,894 | (8,928) | 1,300,966 | ||||||||||||||
| Other receivables | 116,386 | — | 116,386 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | 1,424,768 | (14,906) | 1,409,862 | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 53,462 | 14,202 | 67,664 | ||||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment | 215,513 | (3,792) | 211,721 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | 262,238 | 18,047 | 280,285 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 1,832,700 | 5,365 | 1,838,065 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 1,367,981 | 16,356 | 1,384,337 | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 114,258 | 25,589 | 139,847 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 6,800,663 | $ | 51,933 | $ | 6,852,596 | |||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 920,163 | $ | (1,239) | $ | 918,924 | |||||||||||
| Accrued payroll and benefit costs | 69,480 | — | 69,480 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 13,225 | — | 13,225 | ||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 221,574 | 12,745 | 234,319 | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 77,822 | (205) | 77,617 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 200,286 | 17,017 | 217,303 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 392,165 | (15,111) | 377,054 | ||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 207,612 | 38,726 | 246,338 | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,102,327 | $ | 51,933 | $ | 2,154,260 | |||||||||||
| Fair value of net assets acquired, including goodwill and intangible assets | $ | 4,698,336 | $ | — | $ | 4,698,336 | |||||||||||
(1) The preliminary fair value estimates are as of June 30, 2020. As disclosed above, the Company finalized its purchase price allocation during the measurement period.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||
| 2019 | |||
| (In thousands) | |||
| Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 35,671 | |
| Fair value of liabilities assumed | 8,074 | ||
| Cash paid for acquisitions | $ | 27,597 | |
56
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the identifiable intangible assets and their estimated weighted-average useful lives:
| Identifiable Intangible Assets | Estimated Fair Value | Weighted-Average Estimated Useful Life in Years | ||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | $ | 1,098,900 | 19 | |||||||||||
| Trademarks | 735,000 | Indefinite | ||||||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 4,165 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Total identifiable intangible assets | $ | 1,838,065 | ||||||||||||
The results of operations of Anixter are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning on June 22, 2020, the acquisition date. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the consolidated statements of income include $9.5 billion and $4.5 billion of net sales, respectively, and $580.6 million and $180.0 million of income from operations, respectively, for Anixter. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred costs related to the Merger of $158.5 million and $132.2 million, respectively, which primarily consist of advisory, legal, integration, separation and other costs. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses for both periods.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents combined results of operations for the periods presented, as if the Company had completed the Merger on January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes adjustments to amortization and depreciation for intangible assets and property, buildings and equipment, adjustments to interest expense for the additional indebtedness incurred to complete the acquisition (including the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs), transaction costs, change in control and severance costs, dividends accrued on the Series A preferred stock, compensation expense associated with the Wesco phantom stock unit awards described in Note 14, "Employee Benefit Plans", as well as the respective income tax effects of such adjustments. For the year ended December 31, 2020, adjustments totaling $7.0 million increased the unaudited pro forma net income attributable to common stockholders, and adjustments totaling $201.3 million decreased the unaudited pro forma net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not reflect any cost savings, operating synergies or revenue enhancements that Wesco may achieve as a result of its acquisition of Anixter, the costs to integrate the operations of Wesco and Anixter or the costs necessary to achieve these cost savings, operating synergies and revenue enhancements. The unaudited pro forma financial information presented below is not necessarily indicative of consolidated results of operations of the combined business had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the respective periods, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the combined company.
| Year Ended | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | |||||||||
| Pro forma net sales | $ | 16,016,902 | $ | 17,204,472 | |||||||
| Pro forma net income attributable to common stockholders | 119,839 | 285,100 | |||||||||
Canadian Divestitures
On August 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Consent Agreement with the Competition Bureau of Canada regarding the merger with Anixter. Under the Consent Agreement, the Company was required to divest certain legacy Wesco utility and data communications businesses in Canada, which had total net sales of approximately $110 million and $120 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In February 2021, the Company completed such divestitures for cash consideration totaling $56.0 million. The Company recognized a net gain from the sale of these businesses of $8.9 million, which is reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021. These dispositions fulfilled the Company’s divestiture commitments under the Consent Agreement and the net cash proceeds were used to repay debt.
57
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Sylvania Lighting Services Corp.
On March 5, 2019,, WESCO Distribution, Inc. ("WESCOWesco Distribution"), through its WESCO Services, LLC subsidiary, acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Sylvania Lighting Services Corp. ("SLS"). Headquartered in Wilmington, Massachusetts, SLS offers a full spectrum of energy-efficient lighting upgrade, retrofit, and renovation solutions with annual sales of approximately $100 million and approximately 220 employees across the U.S. and Canada. WESCOWesco Distribution funded the purchase price paid at closing with borrowings under its then outstanding accounts receivable securitization facility. The purchase price was allocated to the respective assets and liabilities based upon their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, resulting in goodwill of $5.8$11.6 million, which is deductible for tax purposes.
The following table sets forth the consideration paid for the acquisition of SLS:
| Year Ended | |||||
| December 31, 2019 | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 34,812 | |||
| Fair value of liabilities assumed | 7,070 | ||||
| Cash paid for acquisition | $ | 27,742 | |||
7. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HELD FOR SALE
On August 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Consent Agreement with the Competition Bureau of Canada regarding the merger with Anixter. Under the Consent Agreement, the Company agreed to divest certain legacy Wesco businesses in Canada. Accordingly, the Company determined that the assets and liabilities of these legacy Wesco businesses in Canada met the held for sale criteria as of December 31, 2020. These businesses did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As disclosed in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals", the Company completed these divestitures in February 2021.
The assets and liabilities classified as held for sale were as follows:
| As of | |||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||
| (In thousands) | |||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | $ | 4,258 | |||
| Inventories | 16,438 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 395 | ||||
| Property, buildings and equipment, net | 263 | ||||
| Operating lease assets | 1,938 | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | 5,722 | ||||
| Goodwill | 26,059 | ||||
| Total assets held for sale | $ | 55,073 | |||
| Accounts payable | $ | 3,639 | |||
| Other current liabilities | 541 | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 1,537 | ||||
| Total liabilities held for sale | $ | 5,717 | |||
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
8. PROPERTY, BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
The following table sets forth the components of property, buildings and equipment:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020(1) | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Buildings and leasehold improvements | $ | 165,691 | $ | 169,873 | |||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment(2) | 281,864 | 272,704 | |||||||||
Software costs(2) | 250,447 | 229,279 | |||||||||
| 698,002 | 671,856 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (365,345) | (312,106) | |||||||||
| 332,657 | 359,750 | ||||||||||
| Land | 25,600 | 26,409 | |||||||||
| Construction in progress | 20,755 | 12,998 | |||||||||
| $ | 379,012 | $ | 399,157 | ||||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||
| Buildings and leasehold improvements | $ | 110,056 | $ | 111,510 | |||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 162,029 | 186,523 | |||||
| Software costs | 127,919 | 115,631 | |||||
| 400,004 | 413,664 | ||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (268,415 | ) | (291,811 | ) | |||
| 131,589 | 121,853 | ||||||
| Land | 24,106 | 23,996 | |||||
| Construction in progress | 25,753 | 15,029 | |||||
| $ | 181,448 | $ | 160,878 | ||||
Depreciation expense was $15.9$61.6 million, $17.3$40.8 million and $16.3$15.9 million, and capitalized software amortization was $27.5 million, $14.3 million and $10.6 million, $9.8 millionin 2021, 2020 and $9.9 million, in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The unamortized software cost was $29.8 million and $24.2 million asAs of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, unamortized software costs were $103.4 million and $117.5 million, respectively. Furniture, fixtures and equipment include finance leases of $9.7$31.9 million and $9.3$25.7 million and related accumulated amortizationdepreciation of $8.3$12.4 million and $8.4$7.9 million as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively.
The Company capitalizes costs associated with implementing its various cloud computing arrangements. Capitalized implementation costs, which are recorded as a component of other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $39.6 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and the related accumulated amortization was $2.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
9. LEASES
The Company's finance leases, which are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019Sheets as a component of property, buildings and equipment, current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt, are not material to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, finance leases have not been disclosed herein.
The following table sets forth supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases for the periodperiods presented:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020(1) | |||||||||
| Operating lease assets | $ | 530,863 | $ | 534,705 | |||||||
Current operating lease liabilities(2) | 129,881 | 128,322 | |||||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 414,248 | 414,889 | |||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 544,129 | $ | 543,211 | |||||||
| As of | |||
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2019 | ||
| Operating lease assets | $ | 235,834 | |
| Current operating lease liabilities | 62,046 | ||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 179,830 | ||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 241,876 | |
(2) Current operating lease liabilities are recorded as a component of other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the Company's total lease cost, which is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses, for the period ending:periods presented:
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2019 | ||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 73,613 | |
| Short-term lease cost | 90 | ||
| Variable lease cost | 23,385 | ||
| Total lease cost | $ | 97,088 | |
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 169,892�� | $ | 127,725 | $ | 73,613 | |||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | 3,578 | 494 | 90 | ||||||||||||||
| Variable lease cost | 49,464 | 36,230 | 23,385 | ||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | 222,934 | $ | 164,449 | $ | 97,088 | |||||||||||
Variable lease cost consists of the non-lease components described above,in Note 2, "Accounting Policies", as well as taxes and insurance for WESCO'sWesco's leased real estate.
The following table sets forth supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the period ending:periods presented:
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2019 | ||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 75,775 | |
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 60,586 | ||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 153,626 | $ | 117,106 | $ | 75,775 | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 157,523 | 121,207 | 60,586 | ||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2019,2021 and 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 5.36.0 years and the6.1 years, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure operating lease assetsleases was 4.2% and liabilities was 4.6%. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table sets forth the maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities and reconciles the respective undiscounted payments to the operating lease liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019:2021:
| (In thousands) | |||
| 2020 | $ | 72,946 | |
| 2021 | 62,549 | ||
| 2022 | 48,490 | ||
| 2023 | 38,209 | ||
| 2024 | 22,426 | ||
| Thereafter | 32,559 | ||
| Total undiscounted operating lease payments | 277,179 | ||
| Less: interest | (35,303 | ) | |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 241,876 | |
| (In thousands) | |||||
| 2022 | $ | 152,919 | |||
| 2023 | 126,012 | ||||
| 2024 | 94,494 | ||||
| 2025 | 64,875 | ||||
| 2026 | 48,813 | ||||
| Thereafter | 136,123 | ||||
| Total undiscounted operating lease payments | 623,236 | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | (79,107) | ||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 544,129 | |||
| Years ending December 31 | (In thousands) | ||
| 2019 | $ | 71,640 | |
| 2020 | 59,594 | ||
| 2021 | 47,264 | ||
| 2022 | 34,490 | ||
| 2023 | 24,493 | ||
| Thereafter | 40,302 | ||
60
| As of December 31, | |||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||
| International lines of credit | $ | 26,255 | $ | 30,785 | |||
| Term Loan Facility, less debt discount of $156 in 2018 | — | 24,594 | |||||
| Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility | 415,000 | 275,000 | |||||
| Revolving Credit Facility | — | 51,598 | |||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 | 500,000 | 500,000 | |||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 | 350,000 | 350,000 | |||||
| Capital leases | 1,373 | 1,123 | |||||
| Total debt | 1,292,628 | 1,233,100 | |||||
| Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (8,876 | ) | (9,575 | ) | |||
| Less short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | (26,685 | ) | (56,214 | ) | |||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 1,257,067 | $ | 1,167,311 | |||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth Wesco’s outstanding indebtedness:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| International lines of credit | $ | 7,354 | $ | 29,575 | |||||||
| Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility | 1,270,000 | 950,000 | |||||||||
| Revolving Credit Facility | 596,959 | 250,000 | |||||||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 | — | 500,000 | |||||||||
| 5.50% Anixter Senior Notes due 2023 | 58,636 | 58,636 | |||||||||
| 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 | — | 350,000 | |||||||||
| 6.00% Anixter Senior Notes due 2025 | 4,173 | 4,173 | |||||||||
| 7.125% Senior Notes due 2025 | 1,500,000 | 1,500,000 | |||||||||
| 7.250% Senior Notes due 2028, less debt discount of $8,088 and $9,332 in 2021 and 2020, respectively | 1,316,912 | 1,315,668 | |||||||||
| Finance lease obligations | 18,563 | 17,931 | |||||||||
| Total debt | 4,772,597 | 4,975,983 | |||||||||
| Plus: Fair value adjustments to the Anixter Senior Notes | 957 | 1,650 | |||||||||
| Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs | (62,484) | (78,850) | |||||||||
| Less: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | (9,528) | (528,830) | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 4,701,542 | $ | 4,369,953 | |||||||
International Lines of Credit
Certain foreign subsidiaries of WESCOWesco have entered into uncommitted lines of credit, some of which are overdraft facilities, to support local operations. The maximum borrowing limit varies by facility and ranges between $2.0$0.6 million and $21.0$31.0 million. The international lines of credit generally are renewable on an annual basis and certain facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Wesco Distribution. Accordingly, certain borrowings under these lines directly reduce availability under its revolving credit facility. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under these lines of credit varies by country and is governed by the applicable loan agreement. The international lines of credit are renewable on an annual basis and certain facilities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by WESCO Distribution. Accordingly, borrowings under these lines directly reduce availability under the Revolving Credit Facility. The average interest rate for these facilities was 6.32%3.35% and 8.78%3.40% at December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility
On September 26, 2019, WESCOJune 22, 2020, Wesco Distribution amended its accounts receivable securitization facility (the “Receivables Facility”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Ninth Amendment to the FourthFifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement dated as of September 26, 2019 (the “Receivables Amendment”Purchase Agreement”), by and among WESCO Receivables Corp. (“WESCOWesco Receivables”), WESCOWesco Distribution, the various purchaser groups from time to time party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrator. The Receivables Amendment amended thePurchase Agreement amended and restated the receivables purchase agreement entered into on September 24, 2015 (the “Existing“Prior Receivables Purchase Agreement” and as amended by the Receivables Amendment, the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”).
The Receivables AmendmentPurchase Agreement, among other things, increased the purchase limit under the ExistingPrior Receivables Purchase Agreement from $550$600 million to $600$1,025 million, with the opportunity to exercise an accordion feature that permits increases in the purchase limit of up to $200an aggregate commitment of $1,400 million, subject to customary conditions, extended the term of the Receivables Facilitymaturity date to September 26, 2022June 22, 2023 and added and amended certain defined terms. Borrowings under the Receivables Facility bear interest at the 30-day LIBOR rate, with a LIBOR floor, plus applicable spreads. The interest rate spread under the Receivables Purchase Agreement of 1.20% increased from 0.95% under the Prior Receivables Purchase Agreement. The Receivables Facility has a commitment fee of 0.45%.
On December 14, 2020, Wesco Distribution amended its Receivables Facility pursuant to the terms and conditions of a First Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “First Receivables Amendment”). The First Receivables Amendment amended the Receivables Purchase Agreement and permitted an increase to the purchase limit from $1,025 million to $1,200 million. The maturity date, interest rate spread, and commitment fee of the Receivables Facility is 0.95%remained unchanged.
61
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
On June 1, 2021, Wesco Distribution amended its Receivables Facility pursuant to the terms and 0.45%, respectively.conditions of a Third Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Third Receivables Amendment”). The Third Receivables Amendment, among other things, increased the purchase limit under the Receivables Purchase Agreement from $1,200 million to $1,300 million, increased the aggregate commitment under the accordion feature from $1,400 million to $1,500 million, extended the maturity date from June 22, 2023 to June 21, 2024, decreased the LIBOR floor from 0.50% to 0.00% and decreased the interest rate spread from 1.20% to 1.15%. The commitment fee of the Receivables Facility remained unchanged.
Under the Receivables Facility, WESCOWesco sells, on a continuous basis, an undivided interest in all domestic accounts receivable to WESCOWesco Receivables, a wholly owned special purpose entity (the “SPE”). The SPE sells, without recourse, a senior undivided interest in the receivables to financial institutions for cash while maintaining a subordinated undivided interest in the receivables, in the form of overcollateralization. Since WESCOWesco maintains control of the transferred receivables, the transfers do not qualify for “sale” treatment. As a result, the transferred receivables remain on the balance sheet, and WESCOWesco recognizes the related secured borrowing. WESCOWesco has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the third-party conduits and financial institutions at market rates; accordingly, no servicing asset or liability has been recorded.
As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, accounts receivable eligible for securitization totaled $809.5$1,728.1 million and $758.3$1,476.1 million, respectively. The Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20192021 and 20182020 include $415.0$1,270.0 million and $275.0$950.0 million, respectively, of accountaccounts receivable balances legally sold to third parties, as well as borrowings for equal amounts. At December 31, 2019,2021, the interest rate for this facility was approximately 2.0%1.23%.
Revolving Credit Facility
On September 26, 2019, WESCO International, WESCOJune 22, 2020, Wesco, Wesco Distribution and certain other subsidiaries of the CompanyWesco entered into a $600$1,100 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), as a replacement of its existingWesco Distribution’s revolving credit facility entered into on September 24, 2015.26, 2019, pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”), among Wesco Distribution, the other U.S. borrowers party thereto (collectively, the “U.S. Borrowers”), WESCO Distribution Canada LP (“Wesco Canada”), the other Canadian borrowers party thereto (collectively, the “Canadian Borrowers”), Wesco, the lenders party thereto and Barclays Bank PLC, as the administrative agent. The Revolving Credit Facility contains a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $125$175 million pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2019 (the “Credit Agreement”). The Revolving Credit Facility contains an accordion feature allowing WESCOWesco Distribution to request increases to the borrowing commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility of up to $200$500 million in the aggregate, subject to customary conditions.
The Revolving Credit Facility matures in September 2024June 2025.
On December 14, 2020, Wesco Distribution and certain other subsidiaries of Wesco entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Facility pursuant to the terms and conditions of a First Amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2020 (the “Revolver Amendment”), among Wesco Distribution, the other U.S. borrowers party thereto, WESCO Distribution Canada LP, the other Canadian borrowers party thereto, Wesco, the lenders party thereto and Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent. The Revolver Amendment increased the revolving commitments from $1,100 million to $1,200 million and amended certain other defined terms. No other material terms were changed.
The obligations of Wesco Distribution and the other U.S. Borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility have been guaranteed by Wesco and certain of Wesco Distribution’s subsidiaries (including certain subsidiaries of Anixter). The obligations of Wesco Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility (including certain subsidiaries of Anixter) have been guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of Wesco Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers. The Revolving Credit Facility is collateralizedsecured by (i) substantially all assets of WESCOWesco Distribution, the other U.S. Borrowers and itscertain of Wesco Distribution’s subsidiaries which are party to the Credit Agreement,(including certain subsidiaries of Anixter), other than, among other things, real property and accounts receivable sold or intended to be sold pursuant to WESCO Distribution’sthe Receivables Facility, and (ii) substantially all assets of WESCOWesco Canada, and the other Canadian Borrowers and certain of Wesco Canada’s subsidiaries, other than, among other things, real property, in each case, subject to customary exceptions and limitations. The obligations of WESCO Distribution and the other U.S. Borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility have been guaranteed by the Company and certain of WESCO Distribution’s subsidiaries. The obligations of WESCO Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility have been guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of WESCO Canada and the other Canadian Borrowers. The applicable interest rate for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility includes interest rate spreads based on available borrowing capacity that range between 1.25% and 1.50% for LIBOR-based borrowings and 0.25% and 0.50% for prime rate-based borrowings. At December 31, 2019,2021, the interest rate for this facility was approximately1.6%approximately 1.54%.
The Revolving Credit Agreement requires compliance with conditions precedent that must be satisfied prior to any borrowing as well as ongoing compliance with certain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary events of default. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the commitments of the lenders may be terminated, and all outstanding obligations of the loan parties under the Revolving Credit Facility may be declared immediately due and payable.
62
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
During 2019, WESCO2021, Wesco borrowed $715.4$2,353.4 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and made repayments in the aggregate amount of $767.4$2,006.4 million. During 2018,2020, aggregate borrowings and repayments under the prior and new revolving credit facilities were $473.1$1,197.9 million and $433.5$948.0 million, respectively. WESCOWesco had $563.8$564.8 million available under the Revolving Credit facility at December 31, 2019,2021, after giving effect to $28.4 million of outstanding letters of credit $36.1 millionand certain borrowings under the Company's international lines of surety bonds, and $7.8 million of other reserves,credit, as compared to $515.9$801.5 million available under the Revolving Credit facilityFacility at December 31, 2018,2020, after giving effect to $27.2 million of outstanding letters of credit $19.5 millionand certain borrowings under the Company's international lines of surety bonds, and $5.3 million of other reserves.credit.
5.375% Senior Notes due 2021
In November 2013, WESCOWesco Distribution issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2021 Notes(the "2021 Notes") through a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2021 Notes were issued at 100% of par and arewere governed by an indenture (the “2021 Indenture”) entered into on November 26, 2013 between WESCO InternationalWesco Distribution, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2021 Notes arewere unsecured senior obligations of WESCOWesco Distribution and arewere guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCOWesco International. The 2021 Notes bear interest athad a stated interest rate of 5.375%, per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. In addition, WESCO incurred costs related to the issuance of the 2021 Notes totaling $8.4 million, which were recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the debt and are being amortized over the life of the notes. The 2021 Notes mature on had a maturity date of December 15, 2021. and were redeemable in whole or in part at any time. The net proceeds of the 2021 Notes were used to prepay a portion of the U.S. sub-facility of the then outstanding term loan due 2019.
Under the terms of a registration rights agreement dated as of November 26, 2013 among WESCOWesco Distribution, WESCOWesco International and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as the representative of the initial purchasers of the 2021 Notes, WESCOWesco Distribution and WESCOWesco International agreed to register under the Securities Act notes having terms identical in all material respects to the 2021 Notes (the “2021 Exchange Notes”) and to make an offer to exchange the 2021 Exchange Notes for the 2021 Notes. WESCOWesco Distribution launched the exchange offer on June 12, 2014 and the exchange offer expired on July 17, 2014.
On and after December 15, 2019, WESCOJanuary 14, 2021, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a partredeemed the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the 2021 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount.
amount plus accrued interest to, but not including, January 14, 2021. The 2021 Indenture contains customary covenants and customary events of default. In addition, upon a change of control, the holders of 2021 Notes have the right to require WESCO Distribution to repurchase all or any partredemption of the 2021 Notes atwas funded with available cash, as well as borrowings under the Company's Receivables Facility and Revolving Credit Facility. The Company recognized a loss of $1.0 million from the redemption price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued2021 Notes resulting from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which is recorded as a component of interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income and unpaid interest.Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021.
5.375% Senior Notes due 2024
In June 2016, WESCOWesco Distribution issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes") through a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The 2024 Notes were issued at 100% of par and arewere governed by an indenture (the “2024 Indenture”) entered into on June 15, 2016 among WESCOWesco Distribution, as issuer, WESCOWesco International, as parent guarantor, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2024 Notes arewere unsecured senior obligations of WESCOWesco Distribution and arewere guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by WESCOWesco International. The 2024 Notes bearhad a stated interest at a rate of 5.375% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. WESCO incurred costs totaling $6.0 million to issue theThe 2024 Notes which were recorded ashad a reduction to the carrying valuematurity date of the debt and are being amortized over the life of the note. The notes mature on June 15, 2024.2024. The Company used the net proceeds from the 2024 Notes to redeem its 6.0% Convertible Senior Debentures due 2029 on September 15, 2016.2029.
Under the terms of a registration rights agreement dated as of June 15, 2016 among WESCOWesco Distribution, as the issuer, WESCOWesco International, as parent guarantor, and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as representative of the initial purchasers of the 2024 Notes, WESCOWesco Distribution and WESCOWesco International agreed to register under the Securities Act notes having terms identical in all material respects to the 2024 Notes (the “2024 Exchange Notes”) and to make an offer to exchange the 2024 Exchange Notes for the 2024 Notes. WESCOWesco Distribution launched the exchange offer on December 28, 2016 and the exchange offer expired on January 31, 2017.
63
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
On July 2, 2021, Wesco Distribution redeemed the $350 million aggregate principal amount. Between June 15, 2021 and June 14, 2022, WESCO Distribution may redeem all or a partamount of the 2024 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101.344% of the principal amount plus accrued interest to, but not including, July 2, 2021. The redemption of the 2024 Notes was funded with borrowings under the Company's Receivables Facility and Revolving Credit Facility. The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment totaling $6.9 million, which included $4.7 million for the premium paid to redeem the 2024 Notes and $2.2 million for the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. The loss was recorded as a component of interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021.
5.50% Senior Notes due 2023
6.00% Senior Notes due 2025
On April 30, 2020, in connection with the Merger, Wesco Distribution commenced offers to purchase for cash (each, a “Wesco Tender Offer” and, together the “Wesco Tender Offers”) any and all of Anixter Inc.’s outstanding (i) 5.50% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Anixter 2023 Senior Notes”), $350.0 million aggregate principal amount, issued under the Indenture, dated as of August 18, 2015 (the “Anixter 2023 Indenture”), by and among Anixter Inc., Anixter and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, and (ii) 6.00% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Anixter 2025 Senior Notes” and, together with the Anixter 2023 Senior Notes, the "Anixter Senior Notes"), $250.0 million aggregate principal amount, issued under the Indenture, dated as of November 13, 2018 (the “Anixter 2025 Indenture” and, together with the Anixter 2023 Indenture, the “Anixter Indentures”) by and among Anixter Inc., Anixter and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee.
Concurrent with the Wesco Tender Offers, Anixter Inc. commenced consent solicitations to amend the definition of "Change of Control" under the applicable Indenture to exclude the Merger and related transactions and expressly permit a merger between Anixter Inc. and Anixter (the “Anixter Consent Solicitations”).
On June 23, 2020 (the "Expiration Date"), following the completion of the Merger, the Wesco Tender Offers and Anixter Consent Solicitations expired and settled. Pursuant to the terms of the Offer to Purchase and Consent Solicitation Statement, dated April 30, 2020, holders of the Anixter Senior Notes that validly tendered and did not validly withdraw prior to such date, received total tender offer consideration of $1,012.50 per $1,000 principal amount of Anixter Senior Notes, which amount, in each case, included an early tender payment of $50.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Anixter Senior Notes. Holders who validly delivered their consents at or prior to the Expiration Date received a consent fee of $2.50 per $1,000 principal amount of Anixter Senior Notes.
As of December 31, 2021, $58.6 million and $4.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Anixter 2023 Senior Notes and Anixter 2025 Senior Notes, respectively, were outstanding.
7.125% Senior Notes due 2025
7.250% Senior Notes due 2028
On June 12, 2020, Wesco Distribution issued $1,500 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $1,325 million aggregate principal amount of 7.250% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and, together with the 2025 Notes, the “Notes”). The 2025 Notes were issued at a price of 100.000% of the aggregate principal amount. OnThe 2028 Notes were issued at a price of 99.244% of the aggregate principal amount. Wesco incurred costs related to the issuance of the 2025 Notes and after2028 Notes totaling $33.1 million and $29.3 million, respectively, which were recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the debt and are being amortized over the respective lives of the notes.
The Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, an indenture (the “Notes Indenture”), dated as of June 12, 2020, between the Company, Wesco Distribution and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes and related guarantees were issued in a private transaction exempt from the Securities Act and have not been, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the U.S. absent registration or an applicable exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws.
The Company used the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes, together with borrowings under its Revolving Credit Facility and Receivables Facility and existing cash on hand, to finance the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The use of proceeds included (i) paying the cash portion of the Merger consideration to stockholders of Anixter, (ii) refinancing certain existing indebtedness of Anixter contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including financing the satisfaction and discharge, defeasance, redemption or other repayment in full of the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2021 of Anixter Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Anixter, and financing payments in connection with the Anixter Consent Solicitations and Wesco Tender Offers, as described above, (iii) refinancing other indebtedness of the Company, and (iv) paying fees, costs and expenses in connection with the foregoing.
64
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Wesco Distribution and are guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by the Company and Anixter Inc. The 2025 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 7.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 2022, WESCOand December 15 of each year. The 2025 Notes will mature on June 15, 2025. The 2028 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 7.250% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The 2028 Notes will mature on June 15, 2028.
Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2025 Notes at any time prior to June 15, 2022 by paying a “make-whole” premium plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to June 15, 2022, Wesco Distribution may redeem up to 35% of the 2025 Notes with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings. At any time between June 15, 2022 and June 14, 2023, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2025 Notes at a redemption price equal to 103.563% of the principal amount. Between June 15, 2023 and June 14, 2024, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2025 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101.781% of the principal amount. On and after June 15, 2024, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2025 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount.
Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at any time prior to June 15, 2023 by paying a “make-whole” premium plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to but excluding the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to June 15, 2023, Wesco Distribution may redeem up to 35% of the 2028 Notes with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings. At any time between June 15, 2023 and June 14, 2024, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a redemption price equal to 103.625% of the principal amount. Between June 15, 2024 and June 14, 2025, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.417% of the principal amount. Between June 15, 2025 and June 14, 2026, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101.208% of the principal amount. On and after June 15, 2026, Wesco Distribution may redeem all or a part of the 2028 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount.
The 2024Notes Indenture contains customarycertain covenants that, among other things, limit (i) the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends on or repurchase the Company’s capital stock, incur liens on assets, engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions or sell certain assets, and (ii) the Company’s and any guarantor’s ability to sell all or substantially all of its assets to, or merge or consolidate with or into, other persons, in the case of each of the foregoing, subject to certain qualifications and exceptions, including the termination of certain of these covenants upon the Notes receiving investment grade credit ratings.
The Notes Indenture contains certain events of default. Upon a changedefault, including, among other things, failure to make required payments, failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants, failure to pay or acceleration of control,certain other indebtedness, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, and failure to pay certain judgments. An event of default under the Notes Indenture will allow either the Trustee or the holders of the 2024 Notes have the right to require WESCO Distribution to repurchase all or any partat least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes at a redemption price equal to 101%applicable series of the then-outstanding Notes to accelerate, or in certain cases, will automatically cause the acceleration of the amounts due under the applicable series of Notes.
As of December 31, 2021, $1,500.0 million and $1,325.0 million aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accruedof the 2025 Notes and unpaid interest.2028 Notes, respectively, were outstanding.
Debt Issuance Costs
Covenant Compliance
| (In thousands) | |||
| 2020 | $ | 26,685 | |
| 2021 | 500,943 | ||
| 2022 | 415,000 | ||
| 2023 | — | ||
| 2024 | 350,000 | ||
| Thereafter | — | ||
| Total payments on debt | $ | 1,292,628 | |
Wesco was in compliance with all financial covenants contained in its debt agreements as of December 31, 2021.
65
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the aggregate principal repayment requirements for all indebtedness for the next five years and thereafter, as of December 31, 2021:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| 2022 | $ | 9,528 | |||
| 2023 | 64,831 | ||||
| 2024 | 1,272,914 | ||||
| 2025 | 2,105,486 | ||||
| 2026 | 2,010 | ||||
| Thereafter | 1,325,916 | ||||
| Total payments on debt | $ | 4,780,685 | |||
| Debt discount | (8,088) | ||||
| Total debt | $ | 4,772,597 | |||
11. CAPITAL STOCKSTOCKHODERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock
There are 20 million shares of preferred stock authorized at a par value of $0.01 per share; there are no shares issued or outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue all authorized preferred shares in one or more series and to fix the number of shares, designations, voting powers, preferences, optional and other special rights and the restrictions or qualifications thereof. The rights, preferences, privileges and powers of each series of preferred stock may differ with respect to dividend rates, liquidation values, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption provisions and other matters.
Series A Preferred Stock
The Company's Board of Directors authorized 25,000 shares of fixed-rate reset cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, with a liquidation preference of $25,000 per whole preferred share and a par value of $0.01 per share (the "Series A Preferred Stock"). Depositary shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of Series A Preferred Stock, are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the Merger, as described in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals", the Company issued 21,611,534 depositary shares, representing an interest in approximately 21,612 shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company's Board of Directors, cumulative cash dividends at an initial rate of 10.625% per annum of the $25,000 liquidation preference per share. On June 22, 2025, and every five-year period thereafter, the dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock resets and will be equal to the Five-year U.S. Treasury Rate plus a spread of 10.325%.
Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are not entitled to convert or exchange their shares of Series A Preferred stock into shares of any of Wesco’s other classes or series of stock or into any other security of Wesco (other than upon a change of control involving the issuance of additional shares of common stock or other change of control transaction, in each case, approved by holders of common stock).
The Series A Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund, retirement fund or purchase fund or any other obligation of Wesco to redeem, repurchase or retire the Series A Preferred Stock.
Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will have limited voting rights, including the right to elect two directors to the Board of Directors of the Company in the event dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock remain unpaid for the equivalent of six or more full quarterly dividend periods.
Common Stock
There are 210 million shares of common stock and 20 million shares of Class B common stock authorized at a par value of $0.01 per share. The Class B common stock is identical to the common stock, except for voting and conversion rights. The holders of Class B common stock have no voting rights. With certain exceptions, Class B common stock may be converted, at the option of the holder, into the same number of shares of common stock.
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WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The terms of the Revolving Credit Facility, as well as the indentures governing the 20212025 Notes and 20242028 Notes, place certain limits on the Company's ability to declare or pay dividends and repurchase common stock. The share repurchases in 2019, 2018 and 2017, as described in Note 13, "Earnings Per Share", were made within the limits of WESCO'sWesco's various credit agreements. At December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, no dividends had been declared and, therefore, no retained earnings were reserved for dividend payments.
Treasury Stock
Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at cost. At the date of subsequent reissue, the treasury stock account is reduced by the cost of such stock, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis.
12. INCOME TAXES
The following table sets forth the components of income before income taxes by jurisdiction:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 396,769 | $ | 26,031 | $ | 198,566 | |||||||||||
| Foreign | 185,143 | 96,811 | 83,495 | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 581,912 | $ | 122,842 | $ | 282,061 | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| United States | $ | 198,566 | $ | 198,556 | $ | 180,957 | |||||
| Foreign | 83,495 | 82,469 | 71,483 | ||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 282,061 | $ | 281,025 | $ | 252,440 | |||||
The following table sets forth the components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Current income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | 107,919 | $ | 25,605 | $ | 31,695 | |||||||||||
| State | 30,206 | 11,322 | 8,616 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 55,670 | 19,414 | 6,347 | ||||||||||||||
| Total current income taxes | 193,795 | 56,341 | 46,658 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | (62,302) | (17,913) | 6,774 | ||||||||||||||
| State | (12,327) | (7,264) | 1,846 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | (3,656) | (8,361) | 4,585 | ||||||||||||||
| Total deferred income taxes | (78,285) | (33,538) | 13,205 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 115,510 | $ | 22,803 | $ | 59,863 | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Current income taxes: | |||||||||||
| Federal | $ | 31,695 | $ | 28,464 | $ | 122,170 | |||||
| State | 8,616 | 7,458 | 2,259 | ||||||||
| Foreign | 6,347 | 10,611 | 15,274 | ||||||||
| Total current income taxes | 46,658 | 46,533 | 139,703 | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes: | |||||||||||
| Federal | 6,774 | 5,253 | (48,060 | ) | |||||||
| State | 1,846 | 1,967 | 4,508 | ||||||||
| Foreign | 4,585 | 1,917 | (6,844 | ) | |||||||
| Total deferred income taxes | 13,205 | 9,137 | (50,396 | ) | |||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 59,863 | $ | 55,670 | $ | 89,307 | |||||
The following table sets forth the reconciliation between the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective tax rate:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
| Federal statutory rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||
| State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.4 | |||||
| Deemed repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings | (1.3 | ) | (1.2 | ) | 32.8 | |||
| Deferred income tax remeasurement | — | (0.3 | ) | (22.4 | ) | |||
| Tax effect of intercompany financing | (5.5 | ) | (5.6 | ) | (10.5 | ) | ||
| Other | 3.9 | 3.1 | (0.9 | ) | ||||
| Effective tax rate | 21.2 | % | 19.8 | % | 35.4 | % | ||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal statutory rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Deemed repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings | — | — | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of intercompany financing | (3.2) | (13.4) | (5.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefits | 2.5 | 2.1 | (0.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible expenses | 0.6 | 5.7 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | (2.8) | 1.8 | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (0.2) | — | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 19.9 | % | 18.6 | % | 21.2 | % | |||||||||||
67
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 3,382 | $ | — | $ | 3,657 | $ | — | |||||||
| Inventories | — | 4,580 | — | 3,315 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation of property, buildings and equipment | — | 18,393 | — | 17,384 | |||||||||||
| Operating leases | 61,326 | 60,670 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | — | 159,573 | — | 158,795 | |||||||||||
| Employee benefits | 20,641 | — | 20,107 | — | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 13,792 | — | 12,840 | — | |||||||||||
| Tax loss carryforwards | 10,486 | — | 15,557 | — | |||||||||||
| Foreign tax credit carryforwards | 1,247 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| Other | 6,791 | 3,964 | 7,927 | 4,115 | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes before valuation allowance | 117,665 | 247,180 | 60,088 | 183,609 | |||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (5,854 | ) | — | (4,072 | ) | — | |||||||||
| Total deferred income taxes | $ | 111,811 | $ | 247,180 | $ | 56,016 | $ | 183,609 | |||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 18,612 | $ | — | $ | 17,560 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Inventories | 13,302 | — | 14,793 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation of property, buildings and equipment | — | 45,397 | — | 60,687 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 142,964 | 141,686 | 134,377 | 136,477 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | — | 549,536 | — | 540,520 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employee benefits | 36,410 | — | 53,040 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 12,281 | — | 14,061 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid royalty payments | 34,866 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Disallowed business interest expense(1) | 11,163 | — | 2,755 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tax loss carryforwards | 39,876 | — | 36,923 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign tax credit carryforwards | 51,632 | — | 55,637 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | 26,666 | 8,137 | 24,888 | 6,286 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes before valuation allowance | 387,772 | 744,756 | 354,034 | 743,970 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (46,269) | — | (60,629) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total deferred income taxes | $ | 341,503 | $ | 744,756 | $ | 293,405 | $ | 743,970 | |||||||||||||||
Wesco had deferred tax assets of $7.9$35.5 million and $7.2$34.5 million as of December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively, related to non-Canadian foreign net operating loss carryforwards. These net operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 20202022 through 2029,2041, while some may be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, WESCO had deferred tax assets of $2.6 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to state net operating loss carryforwards. These carryforwards expire beginning in 2022 through 2037. The Company has determined based upon an evaluation of all available evidence, that certain non-Canadian foreign net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized before they expire. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance of $22.1 million and $22.3 million against deferred tax assets related to certain non-Canadian foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $4.6 million and $4.1 million at December 31, 20192021 and 2018,2020, respectively. Additionally, these foreign jurisdictions had deferred tax assets of $6.9 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to other future deductible temporary differences. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against these amounts as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019, WESCO2021 and 2020, Wesco had a deferred tax assetassets of $1.2$4.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to state net operating loss carryforwards. These carryforwards expire beginning in 2024 through 2040, while some may be carried forward indefinitely. The deferred tax assets related to disallowed business interest expense as of December 31, 2021 includes $4.7 million and $6.4 million for Federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The carryforward period for disallowed business interest expense is indefinite.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, Wesco had deferred tax assets of $51.6 million and $55.6 million, respectively, related to foreign tax credit carryforwards. The foreign tax credit carryforwards expire beginning in 2028.2027 through 2031. The Company has determined based upon an evaluation of all available evidence, that thecertain foreign tax credit carryforwards will not be realized before they expire. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance of $17.3 million and $30.1 million against thethese deferred tax assetassets at December 31, 2021
68
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
and 2020, respectively. Wesco’s ability to realize its deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credit carryforwards may be impacted by U.S. tax legislation, our ability to generate sufficient foreign source taxable income, and tax planning strategies that the Company may implement. The impact of $1.2 million at December 31, 2019.these items, if any, on Wesco's assessment of the realizability of these deferred tax assets will be recorded as a discrete item in the period in which the Company's assessment changes.
The Company is under examination by tax authorities in the U.S. and Canadavarious jurisdictions and remains subject to examination until the applicable statutes of limitation expire. The statutes of limitation for the material jurisdictions in which the Company files income tax returns remain open as follows:
| United States — Federal | ||||||||
| United States — Material States | ||||||||
| Canada | ||||||||
| UK | 2016 and forward | |||||||
| Australia | 2017 and forward | |||||||
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Beginning balance January 1 | $ | 1,293 | $ | 4,348 | $ | 6,181 | |||||
| Reductions for tax positions of prior years | — | — | (155 | ) | |||||||
| Settlements | (1,290 | ) | (2,646 | ) | (1,025 | ) | |||||
| Lapse in statute of limitations | — | (287 | ) | (755 | ) | ||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 51 | (122 | ) | 102 | |||||||
| Ending balance December 31 | $ | 54 | $ | 1,293 | $ | 4,348 | |||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance January 1 | $ | 68,075 | $ | 54 | $ | 1,293 | |||||||||||
| Additions for current year tax positions | 39,841 | 14,009 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Additions for prior year tax positions | 8,422 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Additions for acquired tax positions | — | 68,048 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Reductions for prior year tax positions | (3,853) | (43) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Settlements | (118) | — | (1,290) | ||||||||||||||
| Lapse in statute of limitations | (3,837) | (15,886) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | (1,239) | 1,893 | 51 | ||||||||||||||
| Ending balance December 31 | $ | 107,291 | $ | 68,075 | $ | 54 | |||||||||||
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits were $0.1 million, $1.3$107.3 million and $4.3$68.1 million as of December 31, 2019, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized in the consolidated financial statements wasfor the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $36.1 million, $29.1 million, and $0.1 million, $1.3 million, and $1.7 million, respectively. It is not expected thatWithin the next twelve months, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits willis expected to decrease by $14.3 million due to the expiration of statutes of limitation. Such change within the next twelve months.would result in a $3.2 million reduction in income tax expense.
The Company classifies interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of net interest and otherexpense, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income. The Company recognized interest expense on unrecognized tax benefits of $0.9 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In 2019, the Company recognized interest income on unrecognized tax benefits of $0.8 million in 2019. In 2018 and 2017, interest expense on unrecognized tax benefits was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.million. As of December 31, 20192021 and 2018, WESCO2020, Wesco had a liability of $0.1$6.4 million and $0.8$5.5 million, respectively, for interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company classifies penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. For the year ended December 31, 2021, penalties recorded in income tax expense were $3.4 million. Penalties recorded in income tax expense for 2020 and 2019 were immaterial. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, Wesco had a liability of $4.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively, for penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.
On October 22, 2021, one of the Company's Mexican affiliates received a tax assessment from the Mexican tax authorities related to its 2012 income tax return in the amount of approximately $26.0 million. The Company believes the assessment is without merit and has appealed it. The Company expects any potential liability remaining after availing itself of available administrative and judicial appeals to be immaterial in 2019, 2018,to its consolidated financial statements and, 2017.accordingly, has not recorded a reserve.
69
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
13. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to WESCO Internationalcommon stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to WESCO Internationalcommon stockholders by the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the periods. The dilutive effect of common share equivalents is considered in the diluted earnings per share computation using the treasury stock method, which includes consideration of equity awards.
The following table sets forth the details of basic and diluted earnings per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share data) | (In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 223,426 | $ | 227,343 | $ | 163,460 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | Net income attributable to WESCO International, Inc. | $ | 465,382 | $ | 100,560 | $ | 223,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Preferred stock dividends | Less: Preferred stock dividends | 57,408 | 30,139 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 407,974 | $ | 70,421 | $ | 223,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per share | 43,104 | 46,722 | 47,849 | Weighted-average common shares outstanding used in computing basic earnings per share | 50,300 | 46,174 | 43,104 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common shares issuable upon exercise of dilutive equity awards | 383 | 477 | 512 | Common shares issuable upon exercise of dilutive equity awards | 1,730 | 451 | 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding and common share equivalents used in computing diluted earnings per share | 43,487 | 47,199 | 48,361 | Weighted-average common shares outstanding and common share equivalents used in computing diluted earnings per share | 52,030 | 46,625 | 43,487 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share attributable to WESCO International | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 5.18 | $ | 4.87 | $ | 3.42 | Basic | $ | 8.11 | $ | 1.53 | $ | 5.18 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 5.14 | $ | 4.82 | $ | 3.38 | Diluted | $ | 7.84 | $ | 1.51 | $ | 5.14 | |||||||||||||||
The computation of diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International excluded equitycommon stockholders excludes stock-based awards of approximately 1.7 million, 1.6 millionthat would have an antidilutive effect on earnings per share. For the year ended December 31, 2021, there were no antidilutive stock-based awards, and 1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 2018there were approximately 1.8 million and 2017,1.7 million antidilutive awards, respectively. These shares were excluded because their effect would have been antidilutive.
In December 2014,2017, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2017 (the "2014 Repurchase Authorization"). During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased 1,778,537 shares for $100.0 million.
The Company entered into certain accelerated stock repurchase agreements with a financial institution to repurchase shares of its common stock pursuant to its 2017the Repurchase Authorization. In exchange for up-front cash payments totaling $125.0$275.0 million, the Company received 2,368,738 shares, of which 365,272 shares were settled in 2019.
The total number of shares ultimately delivered under the accelerated stock repurchase transactions described above were determined by the average of the volume-weighted-average price of the Company's common stock for each exchange business day during the respective settlement valuation periods. WESCOWesco funded the repurchases with available cash, and borrowings under its accounts receivable securitization and revolving credit facilities. For purposes of computing earnings per share, share repurchases have been reflected as a reduction to common shares outstanding on the respective delivery dates.
14. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Defined Contribution Plans
70
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Anixter Inc. sponsors a defined contribution plan covering all of its non-union U.S. employees (the "Anixter Inc. Employee Savings Plan"). The employer match for the Anixter Inc. Employee Savings Plan is equal to 50% of a participant's contribution up to 5% of the participant's compensation. Anixter Inc. will also make an annual contribution to the Anixter Inc. Employee Savings Plan on behalf of each active participant who is hired or rehired on or after July 1, 2015, or is not participating in the Anixter Inc. Pension Plan. The amount of the employer annual contribution is equal to either 2% or 2.5% of the participant’s compensation, as determined by the participant’s years of service. This contribution is in lieu of being eligible for the Anixter Inc. Pension Plan. Certain of Anixter Inc.'s foreign subsidiaries also have defined contribution plans. Contributions to these plans are based upon various levels of employee participation and legal requirements.
Effective January 1, 2022, the Anixter Inc. Employee Savings Plan will be merged with and into the WESCO Distribution, Inc. Retirement Savings Plan (the "U.S. Defined Contribution Plan Merger"). On December 31, 2021, participant account balances were transferred from the Anixter Inc. Employee Savings Plan to the WESCO Distribution, Inc. Retirement Savings Plan. In connection with the U.S. Defined Contribution Plan Merger, the WESCO Distribution, Inc. Retirement Savings plan will be amended to change the employer matching contribution at an amount equal to 100% of a participant’s eligible elective deferrals up to 3% of the participant’s eligible compensation and 50% of the next 4% of eligible compensation, and to eliminate the discretionary employer contributions.
WESCO Distribution Canada LP, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, sponsors a defined contribution plan covering the current full-time employees of WESCO Distribution Canada LP and part-time employees meeting certain requirements for continuous service, earnings and minimum hours of employment (the "Wesco Canadian participants, WESCODefined Contribution Plan"). The Company makes contributions in amounts ranging from 3% to 5% of participants' eligible compensation based on years of continuous service. WESCO mayFor employees having completed between 20 and 25 or more years of service as of January 1, 2015, the Company's contribution ranges from 5% to 7% of the respective participants' eligible compensation.
Anixter Canada Inc. sponsors a defined contribution plan for certain Canadian employees (the “Anixter Canadian Defined Contribution Plan”), which provides for core employer contributions in amounts ranging from 3% to 4% of participants' eligible compensation based on years of continuous service, plus a matching contribution equal to 25% of a participant’s elective contributions up to 6% of eligible compensation (for a maximum total employer contribution equal to 5.5%).
Effective January 1, 2022, the Anixter Canadian Defined Contribution Plan will be merged with and into an amended Wesco Canadian Defined Contribution Plan. The amended Wesco Canadian Defined Contribution Plan will provide a core employer contribution of 3% of a participant’s eligible compensation, plus a matching contribution equal to 50% of a participant’s elective contributions up to 4% of eligible compensation (for a maximum total employer contribution equal to 5%). The amended Wesco Canadian Defined Contribution Plan will also make, subjectrequire employees of EECOL Electric Corp. hired on or after January 1, 2022 to the Board's approval, a discretionaryjoin this Canadian defined contribution toplan, and will permit enrollment for those not participating in the defined contribution retirement savingsbenefit plan covering U.S. participants if certain predetermined profit levels are attained. There were no discretionary contributions for the year ended December 31, 2019. Discretionary employer contributiondescribed below.
Wesco incurred charges of $20.6$54.7 million, $18.3 million, and $10.0$22.9 million were incurred in 2018 and 2017 respectively. Forfor the years ended December 31, 2019, 20182021, 2020 and 2017, WESCO incurred charges of $27.1 million, $42.0 million, and $31.3 million,2019, respectively, for all suchdefined contribution plans. Contributions are made in cash to employee retirement savings plan accounts. The
Deferred Compensation Plans
Wesco Distribution sponsors a non-qualified deferred compensation plan is an unfunded plan. As(the "Wesco Deferred Compensation Plan") that permits select employees to make pre-tax deferrals of December 31, 2019salary and 2018, the Company's obligation under the deferred compensation plan was $25.2 million and $21.9 million, respectively.bonus. Employees have the option to transfer balances allocated to their accounts in the defined contribution retirement savings plan and the deferred compensation planWesco Deferred Compensation Plan into any of the available investment options. The Wesco Deferred Compensation Plan is an unfunded plan. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's obligation under the Wesco Deferred Compensation Plan was $20.9 million, which was included in other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's obligation under the Wesco Deferred Compensation Plan was $27.4 million, of which $10.1 million was included in other current liabilities and $17.3 million was in other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Anixter Inc. sponsored a non-qualified deferred compensation plan (the "Anixter Deferred Compensation Plan") that permitted select employees to make pre-tax deferrals of salary and bonus. Interest was accrued monthly on the deferred compensation balances based on the average ten-year Treasury note rate for the previous three months times a factor of 1.4, and the rate was further adjusted if certain financial goals were achieved. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company terminated the Anixter Deferred Compensation Plan. Accordingly, a deferred compensation liability of $45.1 million was classified in other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company settled the liability for the Anixter Deferred Compensation Plan by making lump sum payments of $42.8 million directly to participants.
71
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The Company held assets in a Rabbi Trust arrangement to provide for the liability associated with the Anixter Deferred Compensation Plan. The assets were invested in marketable securities. As of December 31, 2020, the assets held in this arrangement were $39.6 million and were recorded in other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company liquidated this investment arrangement for approximately $39.7 million and used its proceeds plus available cash to fund the settlement of the Anixter Deferred Compensation Plan described above.
Defined Benefit Plans
The Anixter Inc. Pension Plan was closed to entrants first hired or rehired on or after July 1, 2015. The majority of the Anixter defined benefit pension plans are non-contributory, and with the exception of the U.S. and Canada, cover substantially all full-time employees in their respective countries. Retirement benefits are provided based on compensation as defined in each of the plan agreements.
The Domestic Plans are funded as required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") and the Internal Revenue Service. The Foreign Plans are funded as required by applicable foreign laws.
In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company terminated both the Anixter Inc. Executive Benefit Plan and the Anixter SERP. Accordingly, pension liabilities totaling $18.1 million associated with the Anixter Inc. Executive Benefit Plan and the Anixter SERP were classified as current in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company settled its liabilities for the Anixter Inc. Executive Benefit Plan and Anixter SERP by making lump sum payments directly to participants totaling $17.9 million.
During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company adopted certain plan amendments to freeze the benefits provided under the Anixter Inc. Pension Plan effective December 31, 2021, to close participation in the EECOL Plan effective December 31, 2021, and to freeze the benefit accruals under the Pension Plan for Employees of Anixter Canada Inc., the EECOL Plan and the EECOL SERP, effective December 31, 2023. These amendments required the Company to remeasure the projected benefit obligations associated with these plans, resulting in a gain from curtailment totaling $36.6 million, which is recorded as a component of other non-operating income in the Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021.
72
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following tables presenttable presents the changes in benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status for the defined benefit plans:
| Domestic Plans | Foreign Plans | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Projected Benefit Obligation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 332,484 | $ | — | $ | 486,855 | $ | 134,852 | $ | 819,339 | $ | 134,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of acquisition(1) | — | 317,893 | — | 301,206 | — | 619,099 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | 3,033 | 1,763 | 12,140 | 9,029 | 15,173 | 10,792 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 8,219 | 4,787 | 9,801 | 7,162 | 18,020 | 11,949 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Participant contributions | — | — | 846 | 728 | 846 | 728 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (gain) loss, including assumption changes | (10,649) | 12,911 | (35,483) | 14,044 | (46,132) | 26,955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid from plan assets | (8,988) | (4,222) | (11,343) | (9,008) | (20,331) | (13,230) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid from Company assets | (527) | (547) | (461) | (448) | (988) | (995) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Curtailment | (3,900) | (101) | (32,680) | — | (36,580) | (101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan amendment | — | — | (104) | (37) | (104) | (37) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement | (17,889) | — | (219) | (1,235) | (18,108) | (1,235) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | — | — | (5,256) | 30,562 | (5,256) | 30,562 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 301,783 | $ | 332,484 | $ | 424,096 | $ | 486,855 | $ | 725,879 | $ | 819,339 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in Plan Assets at Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 355,287 | $ | — | $ | 365,718 | $ | 103,385 | $ | 721,005 | $ | 103,385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Impact of acquisition(1) | — | 324,292 | — | 218,644 | — | 542,936 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | 24,432 | 35,217 | 19,661 | 23,947 | 44,093 | 59,164 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Participant contributions | — | — | 846 | 728 | 846 | 728 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 17,889 | — | 10,240 | 6,838 | 28,129 | 6,838 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (8,988) | (4,222) | (11,343) | (9,008) | (20,331) | (13,230) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement | (17,889) | — | (218) | (1,235) | (18,107) | (1,235) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | — | — | (3,123) | 22,419 | (3,123) | 22,419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 370,731 | $ | 355,287 | $ | 381,781 | $ | 365,718 | $ | 752,512 | $ | 721,005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funded Status | $ | 68,948 | $ | 22,803 | $ | (42,315) | $ | (121,137) | $ | 26,633 | $ | (98,334) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | $ | 68,948 | $ | 40,921 | $ | 4,818 | $ | 179 | $ | 73,766 | $ | 41,100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | — | (18,118) | (437) | (471) | (437) | (18,589) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | — | — | (46,696) | (120,845) | (46,696) | (120,845) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount recognized | $ | 68,948 | $ | 22,803 | $ | (42,315) | $ | (121,137) | $ | 26,633 | $ | (98,334) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 2.9 | % | 2.6 | % | 2.4 | % | 2.0 | % | 2.6 | % | 2.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | — | % | 3.8 | % | 3.4 | % | 3.2 | % | 3.4 | % | 3.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The Company assumed the Domestic Plans and certain foreign plans in connection with the acquisition of Anixter on June 22, 2020, as disclosed in Note 6, "Acquisitions and Disposals". For all defined benefit plans assumed as part of the componentsmerger with Anixter, the projected benefit obligation and fair value of net periodic pension cost.plan assets were remeasured as of the acquisition date.
73
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
| (In thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
| Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) at December 31 | $ | 104,649 | $ | 78,746 | |||
| Change in Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) | |||||||
| PBO at beginning of year | $ | 105,515 | $ | 120,319 | |||
| Service cost | 4,602 | 5,242 | |||||
| Interest cost | 4,362 | 4,137 | |||||
| Participant contributions | 736 | 745 | |||||
| Actuarial loss (gain), including assumption changes | 18,591 | (11,644 | ) | ||||
| Benefits paid | (4,459 | ) | (3,892 | ) | |||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 5,505 | (9,392 | ) | ||||
| PBO at end of year | $ | 134,852 | $ | 105,515 | |||
| Change in Plan Assets | |||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | $ | 86,556 | $ | 97,182 | |||
| Actual return on plan assets | 12,763 | (425 | ) | ||||
| Participant contributions | 736 | 745 | |||||
| Employer contributions | 3,198 | 372 | |||||
| Benefits paid | (4,459 | ) | (3,892 | ) | |||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 4,591 | (7,426 | ) | ||||
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | $ | 103,385 | $ | 86,556 | |||
| Funded Status | $ | (31,467 | ) | $ | (18,959 | ) | |
| Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||||||
| Other current liabilities | $ | (383 | ) | $ | (364 | ) | |
| Other noncurrent liabilities | (31,084 | ) | (18,595 | ) | |||
| Net amount recognized | $ | (31,467 | ) | $ | (18,959 | ) | |
| Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||
| Net actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 8,890 | $ | (2,696 | ) | ||
| Total amount recognized, before tax effect | $ | 8,890 | $ | (2,696 | ) | ||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the consolidated weighted-average discount rate of all plans was 2.6% and 2.2%, respectively, and these rates were used to measure the projected benefit obligation at the end of each respective year-end. The consolidated net funded status was $26.6 million at December 31, 2021, compared to a consolidated net unfunded status of $98.3 million at December 31, 2020.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost | |||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 4,602 | $ | 5,242 | $ | 4,328 | |||||
| Interest cost | 4,362 | 4,137 | 3,912 | ||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (5,695 | ) | (5,969 | ) | (5,562 | ) | |||||
| Recognized actuarial gain | (63 | ) | (46 | ) | (149 | ) | |||||
| Net periodic pension cost | $ | 3,206 | $ | 3,364 | $ | 2,529 | |||||
| Other Changes in Plan Assets and PBO Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |||||||||||
| Net actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 11,523 | $ | (5,250 | ) | $ | 8,593 | ||||
| Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial gain | 63 | 46 | 149 | ||||||||
| Total amount recognized, before tax effect | 11,586 | (5,204 | ) | 8,742 | |||||||
| Tax effect | (2,943 | ) | 1,406 | (2,361 | ) | ||||||
| Total amount recognized, after tax effect | $ | 8,643 | $ | (3,798 | ) | $ | 6,381 | ||||
| Total recognized in net periodic pension cost and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 11,849 | $ | (434 | ) | $ | 8,910 | ||||
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company' accumulated benefit obligation was $301.8 million and $328.2 million, respectively, for the Domestic Plans and $390.8 million and $417.6 million, respectively, for the Foreign Plans. The Company had 9 plans at December 31, 2021 and 13 plans at December 31, 2020 for which the accumulated benefit obligation was in excess of the fair value of plan assets. For these plans, the aggregate accumulated benefit obligation was $194.6 million and $435.6 million, respectively, and the aggregate fair value of plan assets was $167.4 million and $365.4 million, respectively.
The following tables set forth the components of net periodic pension (benefit) cost for the Company's defined benefit plans:
Domestic Plans(1) | Foreign Plans(1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of Net Periodic Pension (Benefit) Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 3,033 | $ | 1,763 | $ | — | $ | 12,140 | $ | 9,029 | $ | 4,602 | $ | 15,173 | $ | 10,792 | $ | 4,602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 8,219 | 4,787 | — | 9,801 | 7,162 | 4,362 | 18,020 | 11,949 | 4,362 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (17,097) | (8,395) | — | (17,834) | (11,659) | (5,695) | (34,931) | (20,054) | (5,695) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized actuarial gain | — | — | — | 90 | — | (63) | 90 | — | (63) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Curtailment | (3,900) | — | — | (32,680) | — | — | (36,580) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement | 290 | — | — | (59) | (144) | — | 231 | (144) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic pension (benefit) cost | $ | (9,455) | $ | (1,845) | $ | — | $ | (28,542) | $ | 4,388 | $ | 3,206 | $ | (37,997) | $ | 2,543 | $ | 3,206 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The service cost of $4.6$15.2 million, $5.2$10.8 million and $4.3$4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, wasis reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. The other components of net periodic benefitpension (benefit) cost totaling a net benefitbenefits of $1.4$53.2 million, $1.9$8.2 million and $1.8$1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, wereare presented as a componentcomponents of net interest and other.
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||
| Pension Plan | SERP | Pension Plan | SERP | ||||||||
| Discount rate | 3.2 | % | 3.2 | % | 4.0 | % | 4.0 | % | |||
| Rate of compensation increase | 3.5 | % | 3.5 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | |||
The following weighted-average actuarial assumptions were used to determine net periodic pension costs at January 1:(benefit) cost:
Domestic Plans(1) | Foreign Plans(1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 2.6 | % | 2.9 | % | — | % | 2.0 | % | 2.2 | % | 4.0 | % | 2.3 | % | 2.5 | % | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | 5.3 | % | 5.5 | % | — | % | 4.9 | % | 5.2 | % | 6.4 | % | 5.1 | % | 5.3 | % | 6.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | — | % | 3.2 | % | 3.4 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.4 | % | 3.5 | % | 3.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) As described above, the Company assumed the Domestic Plans and certain foreign plans in connection with the acquisition of Anixter on June 22, 2020. The Company began using the related assumptions as of the acquisition date.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Pension Plan | SERP | Pension Plan | SERP | Pension Plan | SERP | ||||||||||||
| Discount rate | 4.0 | % | 4.0 | % | 3.5 | % | 3.5 | % | 3.9 | % | 3.9 | % | |||||
Expected long-term return on assets | 6.4 | % | n/a | 6.4 | % | n/a | 6.4 | % | n/a | ||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | 3.8 | % | |||||
74
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
As a result of the combined effect of valuation changes in both the equity and bond markets, the plan assets produced an actual gain of 6.0% in 2021. The difference between the expected return and actual return on plan assets is amortized into expense over the service lives of the plan participants. These amounts are reflected on the balance sheet through charges to accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of stockholders’ equity.
The following table sets forth the changes and the end of year components of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss for the defined benefit plans:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Changes to Balance: | |||||||||||
| Beginning balance, before tax effect | $ | (3,062) | $ | 8,890 | |||||||
| Prior service credit arising in current year | (100) | (37) | |||||||||
| Net actuarial gain arising in current year | (93,064) | (12,154) | |||||||||
| Recognized actuarial gain | (90) | — | |||||||||
| Curtailment | 36,580 | (101) | |||||||||
| Settlement | (231) | 144 | |||||||||
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 1,179 | 196 | |||||||||
| Ending balance, before tax effect | $ | (58,788) | $ | (3,062) | |||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Components of Balance: | |||||||||||
| Prior service credit | $ | (137) | $ | (37) | |||||||
| Net actuarial gain | (58,651) | (3,025) | |||||||||
| Ending balance, before tax effect | (58,788) | (3,062) | |||||||||
| Tax effect | 13,605 | 562 | |||||||||
| Ending balance, after tax effect | $ | (45,183) | $ | (2,500) | |||||||
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid:paid as follows:
| Years ending December 31 | (In thousands) | ||
| 2020 | $ | 3,740 | |
| 2021 | 3,862 | ||
| 2022 | 3,915 | ||
| 2023 | 4,089 | ||
| 2024 | 4,166 | ||
| 2025 to 2029 | 26,159 | ||
| (In thousands) | Domestic Plans | Foreign Plans | Total | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 11,215 | $ | 9,430 | $ | 20,645 | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 11,743 | 9,654 | 21,397 | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 12,385 | 10,294 | 22,679 | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 12,890 | 11,065 | 23,955 | ||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 13,508 | 11,525 | 25,033 | ||||||||||||||
| 2027 to 2031 | 73,410 | 84,171 | 157,581 | ||||||||||||||
The Company expects to contribute approximately $3.2 million and $0.4$10.8 million to the Plan and SERP, respectively,its Foreign Plans in 2020.2022. The Company does not expect to make a contribution to its domestic qualified pension plan in 2022 due to its overfunded status.
The Plan's weightedassets of the various defined benefit plans are held in separate independent trusts and managed by independent third party advisors. The investment objective for the defined benefit plans is to ensure an adequate level of assets is available to fund the benefits owed to employees and their beneficiaries when they become payable. In meeting this objective, the Company seeks to achieve a level of absolute investment return consistent with a prudent level of portfolio risk. The Company's risk preference is to refrain from exposing the plans to higher volatility in pursuit of potential higher returns.
75
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The asset allocationsmixes and the asset allocation guidelines for the Domestic Plans and Foreign Plans are summarized as follows:
| Domestic Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation Guidelines | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | Min | Target | Max | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 10.8 | % | 5 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | 36.1 | — | 34 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 25.7 | — | 40 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 7.6 | 3 | 7 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities | 69.4 | 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | 19.0 | 3 | 8 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.8 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation Guidelines | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | Min | Target | Max | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 39.2 | % | 25 | % | 39 | % | 48 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 4.5 | — | — | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 43.5 | 26 | 48 | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities | 48.0 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | 4.4 | 2 | 5 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | 4.9 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 3.5 | 3 | 3 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation Guidelines | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | Min | Target | Max | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 38.6 | % | 30 | % | 37 | % | 45 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | 22.2 | — | 24 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 6.7 | — | 8 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 15.6 | 9 | 14 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities | 44.5 | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | 14.8 | 9 | 16 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2.1 | — | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
76
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| Foreign Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation Guidelines | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | Min | Target | Max | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 38.1 | % | 25 | % | 41 | % | 48 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 5.9 | % | 1 | 1 | 37 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 40.6 | 26 | 44 | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt securities | 46.5 | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | 4.8 | 2 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | 5.4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 5.2 | 3 | 3 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 100.0 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
The plans' pension committees meet regularly to assess investment performance relative to asset allocation guidelines. The Company periodically rebalances its asset portfolios to be in line with its allocation guidelines.
For 2021, the investment policy guidelines of the Domestic Plans were as follows:
•Each asset class is managed by one or more active and passive investment managers
•Each asset class may be invested in a commingled fund, mutual fund, or separately managed account
•Investment in Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs") is permissible
•Each manager is expected to be "fully invested" with minimal cash holdings
•Derivative instruments such as futures, swaps and options may be used on a limited basis; for funds that employ derivatives, the loss of invested capital to the Trust should be limited to the amount invested in the fund
•The equity portfolio is diversified by sector and geography
•The real assets portfolio is invested in Real Estate Investment Trusts ("REITs") and private real estate
•The fixed income is invested in U.S. Treasuries, investment grade corporate debt (denominated in U.S. dollars), and other credit investments including below investment grade rated bonds and loans, securitized credit, and emerging market debt
The investment policies for the Foreign Plans are the responsibility of the various trustees. Generally, the investment policy guidelines are as follows:
•Make sure that the obligations to the beneficiaries of the plan can be met
•Maintain funds at a level to meet the minimum funding requirements
•The investment managers are expected to provide a return, within certain tracking tolerances, close to that of the relevant market’s indices
77
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following tables set forth the fair value of assets by asset category for the Domestic Plans and Foreign Plans:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 40,102 | $ | 40,102 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | — | — | — | 133,672 | 133,672 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 95,198 | 95,198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 28,246 | 28,246 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 70,648 | 70,648 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,865 | — | — | — | 2,865 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments in Domestic Plans | $ | 2,865 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 367,866 | $ | 370,731 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 149,707 | $ | 149,707 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 17,328 | 17,328 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 165,863 | 165,863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 16,632 | 16,632 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | — | 18,781 | — | — | 18,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1,248 | — | — | 12,222 | 13,470 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments in Foreign Plans | $ | 1,248 | $ | 18,781 | $ | — | $ | 361,752 | $ | 381,781 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 189,809 | $ | 189,809 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | — | — | — | 133,672 | 133,672 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 112,526 | 112,526 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 194,109 | 194,109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 87,280 | 87,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | — | 18,781 | — | — | 18,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 4,113 | — | — | 12,222 | 16,335 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 4,113 | $ | 18,781 | $ | — | $ | 729,618 | $ | 752,512 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Investments measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The amounts presented in the tables above are as follows:intended to reconcile the fair value hierarchy to the total fair value of plan assets.
| As of December 31 | |||||
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||
| Asset Category | |||||
| Pooled Funds: | |||||
| Canadian equities | 12.5 | % | 12.4 | % | |
| U.S. equities | 5.0 | % | 5.0 | % | |
| Non-North American equities | 22.5 | % | 22.5 | % | |
| Fixed income investments | 44.8 | % | 44.7 | % | |
| Other | 15.2 | % | 15.4 | % | |
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |
78
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 137,098 | $ | 137,098 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | — | — | — | 78,808 | 78,808 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 23,824 | 23,824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 55,547 | 55,547 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 52,708 | 52,708 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 7,302 | — | — | — | 7,302 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments in Domestic Plans | $ | 7,302 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 347,985 | $ | 355,287 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Plans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 139,537 | 139,537 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 21,677 | 21,677 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 148,469 | 148,469 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 17,365 | 17,365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | — | 19,611 | — | — | 19,611 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 747 | — | — | 18,312 | 19,059 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments in Foreign Plans | $ | 747 | $ | 19,611 | $ | — | $ | 345,360 | $ | 365,718 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 276,635 | $ | 276,635 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic treasuries | — | — | — | 78,808 | 78,808 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | — | — | — | 45,501 | 45,501 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 204,016 | 204,016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property/real estate | — | — | — | 70,073 | 70,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insurance products | — | 19,611 | — | — | 19,611 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 8,049 | — | — | 18,312 | 26,361 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 8,049 | $ | 19,611 | $ | — | $ | 693,345 | $ | 721,005 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Investments measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The amounts presented in the tables above are intended to reconcile the fair value hierarchy to the total fair value of plan assets.
The Plan's long-term overall objective is to maintain benefits at their current level without affecting the cost of maintaining the Plan, assuming that the demographic make-upassets of the group of members remains the same.
The fair value methods described above may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Additionally, while the Company believes the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
| December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Pooled Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Canadian equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 12,973 | $ | 12,973 | |||||||||
| U.S. equities | — | — | — | 5,160 | 5,160 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-North American equities | — | — | — | 23,239 | 23,239 | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed income investments | — | — | — | 46,309 | 46,309 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 224 | — | — | 15,480 | 15,704 | ||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 224 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 103,161 | $ | 103,385 | |||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Pooled Funds: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Canadian equities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 10,693 | $ | 10,693 | |||||||||
| U.S. equities | — | — | — | 4,356 | 4,356 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-North American equities | — | — | — | 19,492 | 19,492 | ||||||||||||||
| Fixed income investments | — | — | — | 38,668 | 38,668 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 203 | — | — | 13,144 | 13,347 | ||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 203 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 86,353 | $ | 86,556 | |||||||||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
As of December 31, 2021, the Company's liability for these awards was $17.3 million, of which $10.9 million was included in accrued payroll and benefit costs and $6.4 million was a component of other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's liability for these awards was $11.7 million, of which $6.5 million was included in accrued payroll and benefit costs and $5.2 million was a component of other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company recognized compensation expense associated with these awards of $13.6 million and $9.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which is reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.
15. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Wesco sponsors a stock-based compensation plan. On May 27, 2021, the Company's stockholders approved the WESCO International, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.
The 2021 Plan was designed to be the successor plan to all prior stock-based compensation plans. Accordingly, no new awards may be granted under the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “1999 Plan”) or any other prior plan. Awards outstanding under any such prior plans will remain in full force and effect under such plans according to their respective terms. To the extent that any such award is forfeited, terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, or is settled for cash, the shares subject to such award not delivered will again be available for awards under the 2021 Plan.
The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be granted pursuant to awards under the 2021 Plan is 2,150,000, less any shares issued under the 1999 Plan between March 31, 2021 and May 27, 2021. If any award granted under the 2021 Plan is forfeited, terminates, expires or lapses instead of being exercised, or is settled for cash, the shares subject to such award will again be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. Shares delivered by participants or withheld by the Company to pay all or a portion of the exercise price or withholding taxes with respect to stock option or stock appreciation right awards will not again be available for issuance. Shares delivered by participants or withheld by the Company to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations with respect to restricted shares or restricted stock units will again be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. As of December 31, 2021, 2,138,865 shares of common stock were reserved under the 2021 Plan for future equity award grants.
Stock-based employee compensation awards outstanding under Wesco's plans are comprised of stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance-based awards. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant and compensation cost is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock-settled stock appreciation rights and performance-based awards with market conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation models, respectively.model. The fair value of restricted stock units and performance-based awards with performance conditions is determined by the grant-date closing price of WESCO’sWesco’s common stock. The forfeiture assumption is based on WESCO’sWesco’s historical employee behavior that is reviewed on an annual basis. No dividends are assumed. For stock-settled stock appreciation rights that are exercised and for restricted stock units and performance-based awards that vest, shares are issued out of WESCO'sWesco's outstanding common stock.
Stock-settled stock appreciation rights vest ratably over a three-year period and terminate on the tenth anniversary of the grant date unless terminated sooner under certain conditions. Vesting of restrictedRestricted stock units isunit awards granted in February 2020 and prior vest based on a minimum time period of three years. The special award described below vests in tranches. Restricted stock units awarded in 2021 vest ratably over a three-year period on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. Vesting of performance-based awards is based on a three-year performance period, and the number of shares earned, if any, depends on the attainment of certain performance levels. Outstanding awards would vest upon the consummation of a change in control transaction and performance-based awards would vest at the target level.
On July 2, 2020, a special award of restricted stock units was granted to certain officers of the Company. These awards vest in tranches of 30% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 40% on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject, in each case, to continued employment through the applicable anniversary date.
80
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Performance-based awards granted in 2021, 2020 and 2019 wereare based on two equally-weighted performance measures: the three-year average growth rate of WESCO'sWesco's net income attributable to common stockholders and the three-year cumulative return on net assets. Performance-based awards granted in 2018 were based on two equally-weighted performance measures: the three-year average growth rate of the Company’s fully diluted earnings per share and the three-year cumulative return on net assets. From 2015 to 2017, the two equally-weighted performance-based award metrics were the three-year average growth rate of WESCO's net income and WESCO's total stockholder return in relation to the total stockholder return of a select group of peer companies over a three-year period.
The totalaggregate intrinsic value of awards exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 2018, and 2017 was $10.7$69.7 million, $8.2$8.8 million, and $17.2$10.7 million, respectively. The gross deferred income tax benefit associated with the exercise of stock-based awards totaled $2.5$16.8 million, $2.0 million, and $6.4$2.5 million in 2019, 2018,2021, 2020, and 2017,2019, respectively.
The following table sets forth a summary of stock-settled stock appreciation rights and related information for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) | Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | |||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of year | 2,351,633 | $ | 59.26 | 2,238,607 | $ | 57.75 | 2,439,487 | $ | 52.62 | |||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 213,618 | 54.63 | 509,046 | 62.68 | 455,807 | 71.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (113,099 | ) | 35.01 | (192,700 | ) | 40.74 | (495,181 | ) | 42.19 | |||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (115,103 | ) | 65.27 | (203,320 | ) | 68.69 | (161,506 | ) | 66.06 | |||||||||||||||||
| End of year | 2,337,049 | 59.72 | 5.6 | $ | 13,039 | 2,351,633 | 59.26 | 2,238,607 | 57.75 | |||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at end of year | 1,723,370 | $ | 59.00 | 4.7 | $ | 12,053 | 1,453,932 | $ | 57.93 | 1,331,580 | $ | 56.96 | ||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands) | Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Awards | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of year | 2,161,556 | $ | 60.48 | 2,337,049 | $ | 59.72 | 2,351,633 | $ | 59.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 139,592 | 77.05 | 262,091 | 48.32 | 213,618 | 54.63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (916,906) | 60.70 | (391,339) | 47.11 | (113,099) | 35.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canceled | (13,854) | 54.42 | (46,245) | 65.93 | (115,103) | 65.27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of year | 1,370,388 | 62.09 | 6.1 | $ | 95,246 | 2,161,556 | 60.48 | 2,337,049 | 59.72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at end of year | 1,001,708 | $ | 62.79 | 5.3 | $ | 68,920 | 1,630,891 | $ | 62.72 | 1,723,370 | $ | 59.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-settled stock appreciation rights granted during the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||
| Stock-settled stock appreciation rights granted | 213,618 | 509,046 | 455,807 | ||
| Risk free interest rate | 2.5% | 2.5% | 1.9% | ||
| Expected life (in years) | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| Expected volatility | 29% | 28% | 29% | ||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Stock-settled stock appreciation rights granted | 139,592 | 262,091 | 213,618 | ||||||||||||||
| Risk free interest rate | 0.8% | 1.4% | 2.5% | ||||||||||||||
| Expected life (in years) | 7 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 41% | 30% | 29% | ||||||||||||||
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Daily Yield Curve rate as of the grant date. The expected life is based on historical exercise experience and the expected volatility is based on the volatility of the Company's daily stock prices over a five-year periodthe expected life preceding the grant date.
The weighted-average fair value per stock-settled stock appreciation right granted was $16.36, $18.38$33.19, $13.86 and $20.52$16.36 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
81
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth a summary of time-based restricted stock units and related information for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
| Unvested at beginning of year | 327,798 | $ | 57.87 | 290,054 | $ | 58.11 | 257,096 | $ | 57.47 | |||||||||||
| Granted | 192,106 | 54.13 | 122,062 | 62.40 | 100,993 | 71.33 | ||||||||||||||
| Vested | (136,777 | ) | 46.52 | (64,166 | ) | 67.91 | (44,720 | ) | 84.57 | |||||||||||
| Forfeited | (19,398 | ) | 59.62 | (20,152 | ) | 58.15 | (23,315 | ) | 57.52 | |||||||||||
| Unvested at end of year | 363,729 | $ | 60.00 | 327,798 | $ | 57.87 | 290,054 | $ | 58.11 | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested at beginning of year | 921,495 | $ | 43.15 | 363,729 | $ | 60.00 | 327,798 | $ | 57.87 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 314,480 | 77.81 | 656,717 | 37.44 | 192,106 | 54.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (232,152) | 44.10 | (83,253) | 69.17 | (136,777) | 46.52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (29,661) | 63.86 | (15,698) | 56.79 | (19,398) | 59.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested at end of year | 974,162 | $ | 53.48 | 921,495 | $ | 43.15 | 363,729 | $ | 60.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth a summary of performance-based awards and related information for the periods presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
| Unvested at beginning of year | 138,896 | $ | 59.33 | 148,508 | $ | 60.23 | 149,320 | $ | 60.36 | |||||||||||
| Granted | 126,874 | 54.64 | 44,144 | 62.80 | 39,978 | 76.63 | ||||||||||||||
| Vested | (25,696 | ) | 42.44 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (44,769 | ) | 52.11 | (53,756 | ) | 64.67 | (40,790 | ) | 76.77 | |||||||||||
| Unvested at end of year | 195,305 | $ | 60.24 | 138,896 | $ | 59.33 | 148,508 | $ | 60.23 | |||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Grant date share price | $ | 54.64 | $ | 62.80 | $ | 71.67 | |||||
| WESCO expected volatility | n/a | n/a | 29 | % | |||||||
| Peer group median volatility | n/a | n/a | 24 | % | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | n/a | n/a | 1.5 | % | |||||||
| Correlation of peer company returns | n/a | n/a | 114 | % | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | Awards | Weighted-Average Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested at beginning of year | 305,269 | $ | 52.61 | 195,305 | $ | 60.24 | 138,896 | $ | 59.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 122,812 | 76.76 | 158,756 | 49.56 | 126,874 | 54.64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (22,371) | 62.80 | (25,909) | 78.04 | (25,696) | 42.44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (24,891) | 61.26 | (22,883) | 69.39 | (44,769) | 52.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unvested at end of year | 380,819 | $ | 59.23 | 305,269 | $ | 52.61 | 195,305 | $ | 60.24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vesting of the remaining 177,798380,819 shares of performance-based awards in the table above is dependent upon the achievement of certain performance targets, including 77,856half that are dependent upon the three-year average growth rate of WESCO'sWesco's net income 19,797 that are dependent uponattributable to common stockholders and the three-year average growth rate of the Company's fully diluted earnings per share, and 80,145other half that are based upon the three-year cumulative return on net assets. These awards are accounted for as awards with performance conditions; compensation cost is recognized over the performance period based upon WESCO'sWesco's determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved.
16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, a number of lawsuits and claims have been or may be asserted against the Company relating to the conduct of its business, including litigation relating to commercial, product and employment matters.matters (including wage and hour). The outcome of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and some lawsuits may be determined adversely to WESCO.Wesco. However, management does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any such pending matters is likely to have a material adverse effect on WESCO'sWesco's financial condition or liquidity, although the resolution in any fiscal period of one or more of these matters may have a material adverse effect on WESCO'sWesco's results of operations for that period.
17. BUSINESS SEGMENTS AND RELATED INFORMATION
82
Net Sales Year Ended December 31, | Long-Lived Assets(1) December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 6,234,119 | 75 | % | $ | 6,089,130 | 75 | % | $ | 5,775,988 | 75 | % | $ | 315,288 | $ | 106,078 | $ | 95,851 | ||||||||||||||
Canada(2) | 1,647,066 | 20 | % | 1,647,933 | 20 | % | 1,521,378 | 20 | % | 95,642 | 50,877 | 56,591 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other International(2) | 477,732 | 5 | % | 439,538 | 5 | % | 381,655 | 5 | % | 6,352 | 3,923 | 4,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,358,917 | $ | 8,176,601 | $ | 7,679,021 | $ | 417,282 | $ | 160,878 | $ | 156,445 | ||||||||||||||||||||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
Electrical & Electronic Solutions
The following table sets forthEES segment, with over 6,400 employees supporting customers in over 50 countries, supplies a broad range of products and solutions primarily to the construction, industrial and original equipment manufacturer ("OEM") markets. The product portfolio in this business includes a broad range of electrical equipment and supplies, automation and connected devices (the "Internet of Things" or "IoT"), security, lighting, wire and cable, safety, and maintenance, repair and operating ("MRO") products from industry-leading manufacturing partners. The EES service portfolio includes contractor solutions to improve project execution, direct and indirect manufacturing supply chain optimization programs, lighting and renewables advisory services, and digital and automation solutions to improve safety and productivity.
Communications & Security Solutions
The CSS segment, with over 3,300 employees supporting customers in over 50 countries, is a global leader in the network infrastructure and security markets. CSS sells products directly to end-users or through various channels including data communications contractors, security, network, professional audio/visual and systems integrators. In addition to the core network infrastructure and security portfolio, CSS has a broad offering of safety and energy management solutions. CSS products are often combined with supply chain services to increase efficiency and productivity, including installation enhancement, project deployment, advisory, and IoT and digital services.
Utility & Broadband Solutions
The UBS segment, with over 2,400 employees supporting customers primarily in the U.S. and Canada, provides products and services to investor-owned utilities, public power companies, including municipalities, as well as global service providers, wireless providers, broadband operators and the contractors that service these customers. The UBS segment also includes Wesco's integrated supply business, which provides products and services to large industrial and commercial end-users to support their MRO spend. The products sold into the utility and broadband markets include wire and cable, transformers, transmission and distribution hardware, switches, protective devices, connectors, lighting, conduit, fiber and copper cable, connectivity products, pole line hardware, racks, cabinets, safety and MRO products, and point-to-point wireless devices. The UBS segment also offers a complete set of service solutions to improve customer supply chain efficiencies.
Corporate
Corporate primarily incurs costs related to treasury, tax, information about WESCO’s sales by product category:technology, legal and other centralized functions. The Company also has various corporate assets which are reported in corporate. Segment assets may not include jointly used assets, but segment results include depreciation expense or other allocations related to those assets. Interest expense and other non-operating items are either not allocated to the segments or reviewed on a segment basis. Corporate expenses and assets not directly identifiable with a reportable segment are reported in the tables below to reconcile the reportable segments to the consolidated financial statements.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | |||
| (percentages based on total sales) | |||||
| General Supplies | 41% | 40% | 40% | ||
| Wire, Cable and Conduit | 14% | 14% | 15% | ||
| Communications and Security | 16% | 16% | 15% | ||
| Electrical Distribution and Controls | 10% | 11% | 10% | ||
| Lighting and Sustainability | 11% | 11% | 12% | ||
| Automation, Controls and Motors | 8% | 8% | 8% | ||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| (In thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 7,621,263 | $ | 5,715,238 | $ | 4,881,011 | $ | — | $ | 18,217,512 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 542,059 | 395,343 | 412,740 | (548,269) | 801,873 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 604,461 | 480,820 | 428,367 | (337,965) | 1,175,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin % | 7.9 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental information: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 55,998 | $ | 82,870 | $ | 22,447 | $ | 37,239 | $ | 198,554 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 4,469 | 3,197 | 5,207 | 41,873 | 54,746 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 5,479,760 | $ | 3,323,264 | $ | 3,522,971 | $ | — | $ | 12,325,995 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 260,207 | 217,163 | 231,702 | (362,034) | 347,038 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 308,327 | 280,656 | 265,593 | (194,259) | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental information: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 35,811 | $ | 37,765 | $ | 22,380 | $ | 25,644 | $ | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 7,081 | 1,495 | 12,834 | 35,261 | 56,671 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 4,860,541 | $ | 909,496 | $ | 2,588,880 | $ | — | $ | 8,358,917 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 261,788 | 43,835 | 184,931 | (144,337) | 346,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | 291,473 | 51,067 | 198,745 | (110,769) | 430,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin % | 6.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 7.7 | % | 5.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental information: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 28,569 | $ | 7,155 | $ | 13,583 | $ | 12,800 | $ | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 20,405 | 3,093 | 6,460 | 14,109 | 44,067 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 46,499 | $ | 104,403 | $ | — | $ | 150,902 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | — | — | 1,187,359 | — | 1,187,359 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | — | 490,071 | 521,603 | — | 1,011,674 | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,124 | 44,382 | 144,084 | 886 | 190,476 | ||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 1,124 | 580,952 | 1,957,449 | 886 | 2,540,411 | ||||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivables, net | — | — | 2,668,314 | (2,668,314 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment, net | — | 82,753 | 98,695 | — | 181,448 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | — | 141,824 | 94,010 | — | 235,834 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | — | 1,500 | 285,775 | — | 287,275 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | — | 257,623 | 1,501,417 | — | 1,759,040 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in affiliates | 3,451,020 | 5,379,728 | — | (8,830,748 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | — | 854 | 12,773 | — | 13,627 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,452,144 | $ | 6,445,234 | $ | 6,618,433 | $ | (11,498,176 | ) | $ | 5,017,635 | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | — | $ | 402,174 | $ | 428,304 | $ | — | $ | 830,478 | |||||||||
| Short-term debt | — | — | 26,255 | — | 26,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | — | 42,901 | 183,539 | 886 | 227,326 | ||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | — | 445,075 | 638,098 | 886 | 1,084,059 | ||||||||||||||
| Intercompany payables, net | 1,186,661 | 1,481,653 | — | (2,668,314 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | — | 842,708 | 414,359 | — | 1,257,067 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | — | 111,291 | 68,539 | — | 179,830 | ||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | — | 113,487 | 124,521 | — | 238,008 | ||||||||||||||
| Total WESCO International stockholders’ equity | 2,265,483 | 3,451,020 | 5,379,728 | (8,830,748 | ) | 2,265,483 | |||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | — | — | (6,812 | ) | — | (6,812 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,452,144 | $ | 6,445,234 | $ | 6,618,433 | $ | (11,498,176 | ) | $ | 5,017,635 | ||||||||
84
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate(1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 4,098,335 | $ | 4,601,132 | $ | 3,266,231 | $ | 652,001 | $ | 12,617,699 | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate(1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,726,855 | $ | 4,275,611 | $ | 2,947,406 | $ | 930,342 | $ | 11,880,214 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Total assets for Corporate primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes, fixed assets and right-of-use assets associated with operating leases.
The following table sets forth tangible long-lived assets, which include property, buildings and equipment, and operating lease assets, by geographic area:
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||
| United States | $ | 698,942 | $ | 693,807 | |||||||
| Canada | 141,380 | 146,620 | |||||||||
Other International(1) | 69,553 | 93,435 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 909,875 | $ | 933,862 | |||||||
(1) No individual other international country's tangible long-lived assets are material.
| Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 35,931 | $ | 60,412 | $ | — | $ | 96,343 | |||||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | — | — | 1,166,607 | — | 1,166,607 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | — | 440,422 | 508,304 | — | 948,726 | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,123 | 57,586 | 124,523 | (9,268 | ) | 173,964 | |||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 1,123 | 533,939 | 1,859,846 | (9,268 | ) | 2,385,640 | |||||||||||||
| Intercompany receivables, net | — | — | 2,403,704 | (2,403,704 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Property, buildings and equipment, net | — | 63,506 | 97,372 | — | 160,878 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | — | 2,131 | 313,885 | — | 316,016 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | — | 257,623 | 1,464,980 | — | 1,722,603 | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in affiliates | 3,188,124 | 5,137,783 | — | (8,325,907 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | — | 2,905 | 16,994 | — | 19,899 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,189,247 | $ | 5,997,887 | $ | 6,156,781 | $ | (10,738,879 | ) | $ | 4,605,036 | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | — | $ | 404,373 | $ | 389,975 | $ | — | $ | 794,348 | |||||||||
| Short-term debt | — | — | 30,785 | — | 30,785 | ||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | — | 86,600 | 159,481 | (9,268 | ) | 236,813 | |||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | — | 490,973 | 580,241 | (9,268 | ) | 1,061,946 | |||||||||||||
| Intercompany payables, net | 1,053,937 | 1,349,767 | — | (2,403,704 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | — | 842,093 | 325,218 | — | 1,167,311 | ||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent liabilities | — | 126,930 | 119,123 | — | 246,053 | ||||||||||||||
| Total WESCO International stockholders’ equity | 2,135,310 | 3,188,124 | 5,137,783 | (8,325,907 | ) | 2,135,310 | |||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | — | — | (5,584 | ) | — | (5,584 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,189,247 | $ | 5,997,887 | $ | 6,156,781 | $ | (10,738,879 | ) | $ | 4,605,036 | ||||||||
85
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 543,633 | $ | 394,031 | $ | 412,698 | $ | (942,388) | $ | 407,974 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 298 | — | — | 722 | 1,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 57,408 | 57,408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 115,510 | 115,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 268,073 | 268,073 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 55,998 | 82,870 | 22,447 | 37,239 | 198,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net(1) | (1,872) | 1,312 | 42 | (47,594) | (48,112) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(2) | 6,404 | 2,607 | 2,107 | 14,581 | 25,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 158,484 | 158,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net gain on Canadian divestitures | — | — | (8,927) | — | (8,927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 604,461 | $ | 480,820 | $ | 428,367 | $ | (337,965) | $ | 1,175,683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 7.9 | % | 8.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Corporate other non-operating income in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a $36.6 million curtailment gain resulting from the remeasurement of the Company's pension obligations in the U.S. and Canada due to amending certain terms of such defined benefit plans. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2021 excludes $5.1 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 262,829 | $ | 217,211 | $ | 231,678 | $ | (641,297) | $ | 70,421 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (842) | — | — | 321 | (521) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | — | — | — | 30,139 | 30,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 22,803 | 22,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 226,591 | 226,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 35,811 | 37,765 | 22,380 | 25,644 | 121,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense, net | (1,780) | (48) | 24 | (591) | (2,395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense(3)(4) | 4,080 | 1,403 | 1,336 | 9,895 | 16,714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related and integration costs | — | — | — | 132,236 | 132,236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related fair value adjustments | 15,411 | 22,000 | 6,282 | — | 43,693 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Out-of-period adjustment(3) | 12,634 | 2,325 | 3,893 | — | 18,852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of asset | (19,816) | — | — | — | (19,816) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 308,327 | $ | 280,656 | $ | 265,593 | $ | (194,259) | $ | 660,317 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 5.6 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.5 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) Stock-based compensation and the out-of-period adjustment by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2020, as previously reported in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, have been reallocated to conform to the current period's presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) Stock-based compensation expense in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2020 excludes $2.6 million as such amount is included in merger-related and integration costs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | — | $ | 3,642,413 | $ | 4,899,987 | $ | (183,483 | ) | $ | 8,358,917 | ||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and | — | 2,954,246 | 4,006,693 | (183,483 | ) | 6,777,456 | |||||||||||||
| amortization) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | — | 593,025 | 580,112 | — | 1,173,137 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | — | 19,155 | 42,952 | — | 62,107 | ||||||||||||||
| Results of affiliates’ operations | 222,198 | 201,247 | — | (423,445 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Net interest and other | — | 49,392 | 14,764 | — | 64,156 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | 5,644 | 54,219 | — | 59,863 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 222,198 | 222,198 | 201,247 | (423,445 | ) | 222,198 | |||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (1,228 | ) | — | (1,228 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 222,198 | $ | 222,198 | $ | 202,475 | $ | (423,445 | ) | $ | 223,426 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 49,306 | 49,306 | 49,306 | (98,612 | ) | 49,306 | |||||||||||||
| Post retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | (8,643 | ) | (8,643 | ) | (8,643 | ) | 17,286 | (8,643 | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 262,861 | $ | 262,861 | $ | 243,138 | $ | (504,771 | ) | $ | 264,089 | ||||||||
86
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | — | $ | 3,572,406 | $ | 4,757,321 | $ | (153,126 | ) | $ | 8,176,601 | ||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and | — | 2,890,490 | 3,871,856 | (153,126 | ) | 6,609,220 | |||||||||||||
| amortization) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | — | 590,009 | 561,935 | — | 1,151,944 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | — | 18,334 | 44,663 | — | 62,997 | ||||||||||||||
| Results of affiliates’ operations | 225,355 | 209,802 | — | (435,157 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Net interest and other | — | 54,178 | 17,237 | — | 71,415 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | 3,842 | 51,828 | — | 55,670 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 225,355 | 225,355 | 209,802 | (435,157 | ) | 225,355 | |||||||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (1,988 | ) | — | (1,988 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 225,355 | $ | 225,355 | $ | 211,790 | $ | (435,157 | ) | $ | 227,343 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (99,643 | ) | (99,643 | ) | (99,643 | ) | 199,286 | (99,643 | ) | ||||||||||
| Post retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | 3,798 | 3,798 | 3,798 | (7,596 | ) | 3,798 | |||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 129,510 | $ | 129,510 | $ | 115,945 | $ | (243,467 | ) | $ | 131,498 | ||||||||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | EES | CSS | UBS | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 264,570 | $ | 43,835 | $ | 184,931 | $ | (269,910) | $ | 223,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,228) | — | — | — | (1,228) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | — | — | — | 59,863 | 59,863 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | — | — | — | 65,710 | 65,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 28,569 | 7,155 | 13,583 | 12,800 | 62,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | (1,554) | — | — | — | (1,554) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,116 | 77 | 231 | 17,638 | 19,062 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merger-related costs | — | — | — | 3,130 | 3,130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 291,473 | $ | 51,067 | $ | 198,745 | $ | (110,769) | $ | 430,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin % | 6.0 | % | 5.6 | % | 7.7 | % | 5.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin % are non-GAAP financial measures that provide indicators of the Company's performance and its ability to meet debt service requirements. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization before foreign exchange and other non-operating expenses (income), non-cash stock-based compensation, costs and fair value adjustments associated with the merger with Anixter, an out-of-period adjustment related to inventory cost absorption accounting, and net gains on the divestiture of Wesco's legacy utility and data communications businesses in Canada and sale of an operating branch in the U.S. Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by net sales.
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | — | $ | 3,370,088 | $ | 4,441,655 | $ | (132,722 | ) | $ | 7,679,021 | ||||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and | — | 2,714,511 | 3,612,577 | (132,722 | ) | 6,194,366 | |||||||||||||
| amortization) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | — | 555,503 | 546,095 | — | 1,101,598 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | — | 18,442 | 45,575 | — | 64,017 | ||||||||||||||
| Results of affiliates’ operations | 160,587 | 168,782 | — | (329,369 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Net interest and other | — | 94,313 | (27,713 | ) | — | 66,600 | |||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (2,546 | ) | (4,486 | ) | 96,339 | — | 89,307 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 163,133 | $ | 160,587 | $ | 168,782 | $ | (329,369 | ) | $ | 163,133 | ||||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — | — | (327 | ) | — | (327 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 163,133 | $ | 160,587 | $ | 169,109 | $ | (329,369 | ) | $ | 163,460 | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 85,762 | 85,762 | 85,762 | (171,524 | ) | 85,762 | |||||||||||||
| Post retirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | (6,381 | ) | (6,381 | ) | (6,381 | ) | 12,762 | (6,381 | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to WESCO International | $ | 242,514 | $ | 239,968 | $ | 248,490 | $ | (488,131 | ) | $ | 242,841 | ||||||||
87
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 20,328 | $ | 188,797 | $ | 15,242 | $ | — | $ | 224,367 | |||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | — | (22,330 | ) | (21,737 | ) | — | (44,067 | ) | |||||||||||
| Acquisition payments | — | (27,597 | ) | — | — | (27,597 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets | — | — | 16,795 | — | 16,795 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends received from subsidiaries | — | 134,853 | — | (134,853 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Advances to subsidiaries and other | — | (222,482 | ) | (5,931 | ) | 222,482 | (5,931 | ) | |||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | — | (137,556 | ) | (10,873 | ) | 87,629 | (60,800 | ) | |||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt | 132,721 | 423,441 | 998,019 | (222,482 | ) | 1,331,699 | |||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | — | (449,190 | ) | (824,302 | ) | — | (1,273,492 | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity activities | (153,049 | ) | — | — | — | (153,049 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid by subsidiaries | — | — | (134,853 | ) | 134,853 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other | — | (14,924 | ) | — | — | (14,924 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (20,328 | ) | (40,673 | ) | 38,864 | (87,629 | ) | (109,766 | ) | ||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | — | 758 | — | 758 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | — | 10,568 | 43,991 | — | 54,559 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | — | 35,931 | 60,412 | — | 96,343 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | — | $ | 46,499 | $ | 104,403 | $ | — | $ | 150,902 | |||||||||
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 18,672 | $ | 153,467 | $ | 124,582 | $ | — | $ | 296,721 | |||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | — | (17,573 | ) | (18,637 | ) | — | (36,210 | ) | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets | — | — | 12,461 | — | 12,461 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends received from subsidiaries | — | 347,531 | — | (347,531 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Advances to subsidiaries and other | — | (406,028 | ) | 196,219 | 199,416 | (10,393 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | — | (76,070 | ) | 190,043 | (148,115 | ) | (34,142 | ) | |||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt | 108,497 | 339,606 | 1,086,673 | (199,416 | ) | 1,335,360 | |||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | — | (410,606 | ) | (1,051,611 | ) | — | (1,462,217 | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity activities | (127,169 | ) | — | — | — | (127,169 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid by subsidiaries | — | — | (347,531 | ) | 347,531 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other | — | (21,068 | ) | — | — | (21,068 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (18,672 | ) | (92,068 | ) | (312,469 | ) | 148,115 | (275,094 | ) | ||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | — | (9,095 | ) | — | (9,095 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | — | (14,671 | ) | (6,939 | ) | — | (21,610 | ) | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | — | 50,602 | 67,351 | — | 117,953 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | — | $ | 35,931 | $ | 60,412 | $ | — | $ | 96,343 | |||||||||
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
WESCO International, Inc. | WESCO Distribution, Inc. | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Consolidating and Eliminating Entries | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | (36,575 | ) | $ | 101,826 | $ | 83,871 | $ | — | $ | 149,122 | ||||||||
| Investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | — | (13,215 | ) | (8,292 | ) | — | (21,507 | ) | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of assets | — | — | 6,766 | — | 6,766 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends received from subsidiaries | — | 307,784 | — | (307,784 | ) | — | |||||||||||||
| Advances to subsidiaries and other | — | (383,686 | ) | 26,912 | 366,220 | 9,446 | |||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | — | (89,117 | ) | 25,386 | 58,436 | (5,295 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of debt | 143,367 | 775,926 | 1,144,848 | (383,686 | ) | 1,680,455 | |||||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | — | (785,392 | ) | (952,740 | ) | 17,466 | (1,720,666 | ) | |||||||||||
| Equity activities | (106,792 | ) | — | — | — | (106,792 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Dividends paid by subsidiaries | — | — | (307,784 | ) | 307,784 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other | — | 5,807 | — | — | 5,807 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 36,575 | (3,659 | ) | (115,676 | ) | (58,436 | ) | (141,196 | ) | ||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | — | — | 5,191 | — | 5,191 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | — | 9,050 | (1,228 | ) | — | 7,822 | |||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | — | 41,552 | 68,579 | — | 110,131 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $ | — | $ | 50,602 | $ | 67,351 | $ | — | $ | 117,953 | |||||||||
First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 1,961,267 | $ | 2,150,088 | $ | 2,148,110 | $ | 2,099,452 | |||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 1,578,771 | 1,741,114 | 1,747,913 | 1,709,658 | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | 70,726 | 97,950 | 93,733 | 83,808 | |||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 53,606 | 80,643 | 80,225 | 67,587 | |||||||||||
| Net income | 41,950 | 63,215 | 64,339 | 52,694 | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | 42,369 | 63,464 | 64,495 | 53,098 | |||||||||||
Basic earnings per share attributable to WESCO International(1) | 0.94 | 1.46 | 1.53 | 1.27 | |||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International(2) | 0.93 | 1.45 | 1.52 | 1.26 | |||||||||||
| 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 1,993,915 | $ | 2,103,994 | $ | 2,067,245 | $ | 2,011,447 | |||||||
| Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 1,613,966 | 1,704,100 | 1,670,037 | 1,621,117 | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | 73,241 | 91,183 | 97,517 | 90,499 | |||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 53,458 | 73,442 | 80,467 | 73,658 | |||||||||||
| Net income | 42,971 | 57,673 | 66,645 | 58,066 | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to WESCO International | 44,421 | 57,940 | 66,849 | 58,133 | |||||||||||
Basic earnings per share attributable to WESCO International(1) | 0.94 | 1.23 | 1.42 | 1.27 | |||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share attributable to WESCO International(2) | 0.93 | 1.22 | 1.41 | 1.26 | |||||||||||
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements withWith Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the updated framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission on May 14, 2013. Based on our evaluation under the 2013 Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.2021.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20192021 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the last fiscal quarter of 2019,2021, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with management’s evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
None.
88
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information set forth under the captions “Board of Directors” and “Executive Officers” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
Codes of Business Ethics and Conduct
We have adopted a Code of Business Ethics and Conduct (“Code of Conduct”) that applies to our Directors, officers and employees that is available on our website at www.wesco.com by selecting the “Investors” tab followed by the “Corporate Governance” heading. Any amendment or waiver of the Code of Conduct for our officers or Directors will be disclosed promptly at that location on our website.
We also have adopted a Senior Financial Executive Code of Principles for Senior Executives (“Senior Financial Executive Code”) that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing these functions. The Senior Financial Executive Code is also available at that same location on our website. We intend to timely disclose any amendment or waiver of the Senior Financial Executive Code on our website and will retain such information on our website as required by applicable SEC rules.
A copy of the Code of Conduct and/or Senior Financial Executive Code may also be obtained upon request by any stockholder, without charge, by writing to us at WESCO International, Inc., 225 West Station Square Drive, Suite 700, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, Attention: Corporate Secretary.
The information required by Item 10 that relates to our Directors and executive officers, including the Audit Committee and its financial expert, required by this item, is incorporated by reference from the information appearing under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Board and Committee Meetings” and “Security Ownership” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders that is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act within 120 days of the end of our fiscal year on December 31, 2019.2021.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information set forth under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Director Compensation” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
The following table provides information as of December 31, 20192021 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans:
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | ||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,725,369 | $ | 31.29 | 2,138,865 | |||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,725,369 | $ | 31.29 | 2,138,865 | |||||||||||||
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | ||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,896,083 | $ | 48.19 | 2,556,535 | |||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | — | — | ||||||
| Total | 2,896,083 | $ | 48.19 | 2,556,535 | |||||
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information set forth under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Corporate Governance” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information set forth under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services” in our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20202022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
89
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule.
The financial statements, financial statement schedule and exhibits listed below are filed as part of this annual report:
(a)(1) Financial Statements |
The list of financial statements required by this item is set forth in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and is incorporated herein by reference.
(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(b)Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number | ||||||||||||
| 2.1 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 3.1 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 3.2 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 3.3 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to | |||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 22, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| 3.5 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.1 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 4.2 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-2 to Exhibit 4.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 4.3 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 4.4 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-2 to Exhibit 4.1 to | |||||||||||||
| 4.5 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 12, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.6 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-1 to Exhibit 4.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 12, 2020 | |||||||||||||
90
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number | ||||||||||||
| 4.7 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A-2 to Exhibit 4.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 12, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.8 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Wesco’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, dated June 19, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.9 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 to Wesco’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, dated June 19, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.10 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 17, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 4.11 | ||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to | |||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to | ||||||||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement filed on Schedule 14A on April 16, 2013 | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to | ||||||||||||||
91
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number | ||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement filed on Schedule 14A on April 17, 2017 | ||||||||||||||
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to | ||||||||||||||
Eighth Amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Receivables Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2018 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to | |||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to | ||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 24, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| 10.24 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 24, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.25 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 25, 2020 | |||||||||||||
92
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number | ||||||||||||
| 10.26 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 25, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.27 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.28 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.29 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.30 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.31 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to Wesco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.32 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to Wesco’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||
| 10.33 | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on April 12, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.34 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.35 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.36 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 27, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.37 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 27, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.38 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 27, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.39 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 10.40 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 16, 2022 | |||||||||||||
93
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | Prior Filing or Sequential Page Number | ||||||||||||
| 10.41 | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Wesco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 16, 2022 | |||||||||||||
| 21.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 23.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 31.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 31.2 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 32.1 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 32.2 | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||
| 101 | Interactive Data File | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | Filed herewith | ||||||||||||
The registrant hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission, upon request, a copy of any omitted schedule to any of the agreements contained herein.
Copies of exhibits may be retrieved electronically at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s home page at www.sec.gov. Exhibits will also be furnished without charge by writing to David S. Schulz, SeniorExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, 225 West Station Square Drive, Suite 700, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219. Requests may also be directed to (412) 454-2200.
94
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
| Balance at beginning | Charged to | Charged to other | Balance at | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of period | earnings | accounts(1) | Deductions(2) | end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for expected credit losses | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 23,909 | $ | 12,944 | $ | 13,669 | $ | (8,800) | $ | 41,722 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 25,443 | 11,701 | 5,160 | (18,395) | 23,909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 24,468 | 7,006 | 52 | (6,083) | 25,443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at Beginning | Charged to | Charged to Other | Balance at | |||||||||||||
| of Period | Expense | Accounts(1) | Deductions(2) | End of Period | ||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2019 | $ | 24,468 | 7,006 | 52 | (6,083 | ) | $ | 25,443 | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2018 | 21,313 | 10,854 | — | (7,699 | ) | 24,468 | ||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2017 | 22,007 | 8,466 | — | (9,160 | ) | 21,313 | ||||||||||
| Balance at beginning | Charged to | Charged to other | Balance at | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of period | earnings | accounts(1) | Deductions(2) | end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for deferred tax assets | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 60,629 | $ | 1,115 | $ | 1,791 | $ | (17,266) | $ | 46,269 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 5,854 | 1,900 | 52,875 | — | 60,629 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 4,072 | 1,745 | 37 | — | 5,854 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2020, the amount charged to other accounts includes $59.3 million that was recorded in connection with the acquisition of Anixter.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
Not applicable.
95
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ JOHN J. ENGEL | ||||||||||
| Name: | John J. Engel | ||||||||||
| Title: | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||
| Date: | February | ||||||||||
WESCO INTERNATIONAL, INC. | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ DAVID S. SCHULZ | ||||||||||
| Name: | David S. Schulz | ||||||||||
| Title: | |||||||||||
| Date: | February | ||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ JOHN J. ENGEL | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| John J. Engel | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ DAVID S. SCHULZ | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | February | ||||||||||||
| David S. Schulz | (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ MATTHEW S. KULASA | Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Matthew S. Kulasa | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ ANNE M. COONEY | Director | February 25, 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Anne M. Cooney | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ MATTHEW J. ESPE | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Matthew J. Espe | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ BOBBY J. GRIFFIN | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Bobby J. Griffin | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ JOHN K. MORGAN | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| John K. Morgan | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ STEVEN A. RAYMUND | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Steven A. Raymund | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ JAMES L. SINGLETON | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| James L. Singleton | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ EASWARAN SUNDARAM | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Easwaran Sundaram | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ LAURA K. THOMPSON | Director | February | ||||||||||||
| Laura K. Thompson | ||||||||||||||