UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM10-K
(Mark One) |
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(Mark One) |
x☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 |
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o☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number 0-20853 |
ANSYS, Inc. |
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For the transition period from ____ to ____
Commission File Number: 0-20853
ANSYS, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Delaware | | 04-3219960 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 2600 ANSYS Drive, | Canonsburg, | PA | | | 15317 |
(Address of principal executive offices)Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) |
844-462-6797
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
844-462-6797 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | ANSS | The NASDAQNasdaq Stock Market LLC |
(Title of each class) | | | (Name of exchange on which registered)Nasdaq Global Select Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Sectionsection 12(g) of the Act: |
| None |
| (Title of class) |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x☒ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x☒ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x☒ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in PART III of this Form 10-K, or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company, (as defined" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). (Check one):Act. |
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Large accelerated filerx | ☒ | Accelerated filer¨ | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer ¨ | ☐ | Smaller reporting company¨ | ☐ |
Emerging growth company¨ | ☐ | | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2)12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨☐ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant,registrant, based upon the closing sale price per share of the Common Stockregistrant's common stock on June 30, 20172020, as reported on the NASDAQNasdaq Global Select Market, was $7,251,000,000. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director, and each shareholder who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such shareholders may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.$20,712,000,000.
The number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock,registrant's common stock, par value $.01$0.01 per share, outstanding as of February 16, 201817, 2021 was 83,871,36286,751,764 shares.
Documents Incorporated By Reference:
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2018registrant's 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
ANSYS, Inc.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR 20172020
Table of Contents
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| | PART I |
PART I | | |
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| Item 1. | | |
| Item 1A. | | |
| Item 1B. | | |
| Item 2. | | |
| Item 3. | | |
| Item 4. | | |
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| PART II |
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| Item 5. | | |
| Item 6. | | |
| Item 7. | | |
| Item 7A. | | |
| Item 8. | | |
| Item 9. | | |
| Item 9A. | | |
| Item 9B. | | |
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| PART III |
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| Item 10. | | |
| Item 11. | | |
| Item 12. | | |
| Item 13. | | |
| Item 14. | | |
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| PART IV |
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| Item 15. | | |
| Item 16. | | |
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Important Factors Regarding Future Results
Information provided by ANSYS, Inc. (hereafter the Company or ANSYS),us in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements concerning such matters as projected financial performance, market and industry segment growth, product development and commercialization, acquisitions or other aspects of future operations. Such statements, made pursuant to the safe harbor established by the securities laws, are based on the assumptions and expectations of the Company's management at the time such statements are made. The Company cautionsWe caution investors that itsour performance (and, therefore, any forward-looking statement) is subject to risks and uncertainties. Various important factors including, but not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors, may cause the Company'sour future results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement. All information presented is as of December 31, 2017,2020, unless otherwise indicated.
Note About Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to fair values of stock awards, bad debts, contract revenue, acquired deferred revenue, the standalone selling prices of our products and services, the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred compensation, income taxes, uncertain tax positions, tax valuation reserves, operating lease assets and liabilities, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience, market experience, estimated future cash flows and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, but not limited to, the following statements, as well as statements that contain such words as "anticipates," "intends," "believes," "plans" and other similar expressions:
•Our expectations regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Our intentions regarding our hybrid sales and distribution model.
•Our intentions related to investments in research and development, particularly as it relates to expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products.
•Our expectations regarding the accelerated development of new and innovative products to the marketplace while lowering design and engineering costs for customers as a result of our acquisitions.
•Our statements regarding the impact of global economic conditions.
•Our expectations regarding the outcome of our service tax audit cases.
•Our belief that, in most geographical locations, our facilities allow for sufficient space to support present and future foreseeable needs, including such expansion and growth as the business may require.
•Our expectation that we can renew existing facility leases as they expire or find alternative facilities without difficulty, as needed.
•Our assessment of the ultimate liabilities arising from various investigations, claims and legal proceedings.
•Our statements regarding the strength of the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of our software products.
•Our belief that our overall performance is best measured by fiscal-year results rather than by quarterly results.
•Our expectations regarding increased lease license volatility due to an increased customer preference for time-based licenses.
•Our estimates regarding the expected impact on reported revenue related to the acquisition accounting treatment of deferred revenue.
•Our expectation that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.
•Our intention to repatriate previously taxed earnings in excess of working capital needs and to reinvest all other earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
•Our plans related to future capital spending.
•Our expectations of the impact of income tax payment increases on 2021 operating cash flow.
•The sufficiency of existing cash and cash equivalent balances to meet future working capital and capital expenditure requirements.
•Our expectations regarding the stock repurchase program.
•Our belief that the best uses of our excess cash are to invest in the business, acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies, make payments on outstanding debt balances and repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of our requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.
•Our intentions related to investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies.
•Our expectation that changes in currency exchange rates will affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
•Our expectations regarding future claims related to indemnification obligations.
•Our estimates regarding future stock-based compensation.
•Our expectations regarding the impacts of new accounting guidance.
•Our assessment of our ability to realize deferred tax assets.
•Our performance expectations related to our partnerships and strategic alliances.
•Our expectations regarding acquisitions and integrating such acquired companies to realize the benefits of cost reductions and other synergies relating thereto.
•Our statements regarding market opportunity, including the size and growth of addressable markets.
Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Certain factors that might cause such a difference include risks and uncertainties detailed in Item 1A. Risk Factors.
PART I
ITEM 1.BUSINESS
ANSYS, Inc. (Ansys, we, us, our), a Delaware corporation formed in 1994, develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including aerospace and defense, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, energy, materials and chemical processing, turbomachinery, consumer products, healthcare, and sports. Headquartered south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Company and its subsidiarieswe employed approximately 2,9004,800 people as of December 31, 2017. The Company focuses2020. We focus on the development of open and flexible solutions that enable users to analyze designs directly on the desktop, providing a common platform for fast, efficient and cost-conscious product development, from design concept to final-stage testing and validation. The Company distributes its ANSYS®We distribute our suite of simulation technologies through direct sales offices in strategic, global locations and a global network of independent resellers and distributors (collectively, channel partners) and direct sales offices in strategic, global locations.. It is the Company'sour intention to continue to maintain this hybrid sales and distribution model. We operate and report as one segment.
Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation™ seeks to deepen the use of simulation in our core, to inject simulation throughout the product lifecycle and to embed simulation into our partners' ecosystems. The Company'sengineering software simulation market is strong and growing. Its market growth is driven by customers’ need for rapid, quality innovation in a cost efficient
manner, enabling faster time to market of new products and lower warranty costs. While the transition away from physical prototyping toward simulation is prevalent through all industries, its demand is heightened by investments in high-growth solutions, including 5G, electrification, autonomous and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation is aligned with the market growth.
Our product portfolio consists of the following:
Simulation Platform: ANSYSPlatform
Ansys Workbench™
ANSYS Workbench is the framework upon which the Company'sour suite of advanced multiphysics engineering simulation technologies is built. The innovative project schematic view ties together the entire simulation process, guiding the user through complex multiphysics analyses with drag-and-drop simplicity. With bi-directional computer-aided design (CAD) connectivity, powerful highly-automated meshing, a project-level update mechanism, pervasive parameter management and integrated optimization tools, the ANSYSAnsys Workbench platform enables Pervasive Engineering Simulation™.Simulation.
The Company'sOur Workbench framework allows engineers and designers to incorporate the compounding effects of multiple physics into a virtual prototype of their design and simulate its operation under real-world conditions. As product architectures become smaller, lighter and more complex, companies must be able to accurately predict how products will behave in real-world environments where multiple types of physics interact in a coupled way. ANSYSOur multiphysics software enables engineers to simulate the interactions between structures, heat transfer, and fluids and electronics all within a single, unified engineering simulation environment.
Our high-performance computing (HPC) product suite and Cloud solutions enable enhanced insight into product performance and improve the productivity of the design process. The HPC and Cloud offerings provide cross-physics parallel processing capabilities for the full spectrum of our simulation software and support structures, fluids, thermal and electronics simulations. This product suite decreases turnaround time for individual simulations, allowing users to consider multiple design ideas and make the right design decisions early in the design cycle.
Ansys Minerva is a knowledge management application that secures critical simulation data, and provides simulation process and decision support to simulation teams across geographies and functional silos. Available for both on-premise and cloud deployment, Minerva delivers immediate benefits by connecting simulation and optimization to customers’ existing ecosystem of tools and processes. Minerva provides integration and automation of chained data flows and design space exploration for optimal performance parameters. With Ansys Minerva, Ansys customers can connect simulation for life cycle traceability and to enable collaboration and decision support.
Structures
The Company'sOur structural analysis product suite offers simulation tools for product design and optimization that increase productivity, minimize physical prototyping and help to deliver better and more innovative products in less time. These tools tackle real-world analysis problems by making product development less costly and more reliable. In addition, these tools have capabilities that cover a broad range of analysis types, elements, contacts, materials, equation solvers and coupled physics capabilities, all targeted toward understanding and solving complex design problems. We also provide comprehensive topology optimization tools that engineers use to design structural components to meet loading requirements with minimal material and component weight. We offer a complete simulation workflow for additive manufacturing that allows reliable 3D printing by simulating the laser sintering process and delivering compensated CAD geometries that ensure reliable printed parts.
Fluids
The Company'sOur fluids product suite enables modeling of fluid flow and other related physical phenomena. Fluid flow analysis capabilities provide all the tools needed to design and optimize new fluids equipment and to troubleshoot already existing installations. The suite contains general-purpose computational fluid dynamics software and specialized products to address specific industry applications.
Electronics
The Company'sOur electronics product suite provides field simulation software for designing high-performance electronic and electromechanical products. The software streamlines the design process and predicts performance of mobile communication and internet-access devices, broadband networking components and systems, integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs), as well as electromechanical systems such as automotive components and power electronics equipment, all prior to building a prototype.
Semiconductors
Advancements in semiconductor design and manufacturing enable smaller electronic architectures. Shrinking geometries, especially in the emerging 3D IC, FinFET and stacked-die architectures, reveal design challenges related to power and reliability. The Company'sOur power analysis and optimization software suite manages the power budget, power delivery integrity and power-induced noise in an electronic design, from initial prototyping to system sign-off. These solutions deliver accuracy with correlation to silicon measurement; the capacity to handle an entire electronic system, including IC, package and PCB, efficiently for ease-of-debugease-of-debugging and fast turnaround time; and comprehensiveness to facilitate cross-domain communications and electronic ecosystem enablement.
Embedded Software
The Company'sOur SCADE® product suite is a comprehensive solution for embedded software simulation, code production and automated certification. It has been developed specifically for use in critical systems with high dependability requirements, including aerospace, rail transportation, nuclear, industrial and more recently, automotive applications. SCADE software supports the entire development workflow, from requirements analysis and design, through verification, implementation and deployment. SCADE solutions easily integrate with each other and the rest of the ANSYSour product suite, allowing for development optimization and increased communication among team members.
Systems
The Company deliversWe deliver a unique and comprehensive system simulation capability that is ideal for the design of today's increasingly automated products. This collaborative environment leverages the Company'sour multiphysics, multibody dynamics, circuit and embedded software simulation capabilities, enabling users to simulate the complex interactions between components, circuits and control software within a single environment. These technologies provide a complete view into predicted product performance, which creates greater design confidence for engineers.
High-Performance Computing
The Company's high-performance computing (HPC) product suite enables enhanced insight into product performance and improves the productivity of the design process. The HPC product suite delivers cross-physics parallel processing capabilities for the full spectrum of the Company's simulation software by supporting structures, fluids, thermal and electronics simulations. This product suite decreases turnaround time for individual simulations, allowing users to consider multiple design ideas and make the right design decisions early in the design cycle.
3-D3D Design
The Company’sOur Discovery™ product family allows every engineer to benefit from the insight of simulation in their product design. The Discovery products range from early design exploration tools powered by interactive real-time simulation and intuitive geometry editing, to detailed product validation solutions utilizing proven flagship solver technology with easy-to-use guided workflows. These tools allow for design engineers of all levels of expertise to utilize simulation across the entire product design process and to work seamlessly with simulation experts using ANSYSour flagship products for even more advanced analysis.
CustomizationOptical
ANSYS Workbench enables companies to createUsing optical sensor and closed-loop, real-time simulation, our capabilities now span the simulation of all sensors, including lidar, cameras and radar; the multiphysics simulation of physical and electronic components; the analysis of systems functional safety; as well as the automated development of safety-certified embedded software. This functionality can be integrated into a customizedclosed-loop simulation environment that interacts with weather and traffic simulators for automotive applications, enabling thousands of driving scenarios to deploy specializedbe executed virtually.
Photonics
Our April 1, 2020 acquisition of Lumerical Inc. (Lumerical), a leading developer of photonic design and simulation best practicestools, adds best-in-class photonic products to our multiphysics portfolio, providing customers with a full set of solutions to solve their next-generation product challenges. Refer to the section titled "New Product Offerings" for additional discussion around our photonics offerings.
Missions
Our December 1, 2020 acquisition of Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI), a premier provider of mission-simulation, modeling, testing and automationsanalysis software for aerospace, defense and intelligence applications, empowers our users to solve challenges by simulating from the chip level all the way to a customer's entire mission. Refer to the section titled "New Product Offerings" for additional discussion around our missions offerings.
Materials
With our materials technology, our customers benefit from access to the world's premier system for managing corporate material intelligence and the market-leading solution for materials sources, selection and management. Ansys Granta MI is a leading system for materials information management in engineering enterprises. Ansys Granta Selector is the standard tool for
materials selection and graphical analysis of materials properties. A comprehensive materials data library plus unique software tools enable engineers to their productuse materials to innovate and evolve products, quickly identify solutions to material issues, confirm and validate choice of materials, and reduce material and development process or industry. With ANSYS ACT™, end users or ANSYS partners can modifycosts. CES EduPack is a unique set of teaching resources that supports materials education across engineering, design, science and sustainable development. Granta Materials Data for Simulation provides easy access to materials property data from within Ansys Mechanical and the user interface, process simulation data or embed third-party applications to create specialized tools based on ANSYS Workbench.
Ansys Electronics Desktop environment.
Academic
The Company'sOur academic product suite provides a highly scalable portfolio of academic products based on several usage tiers, including associate, research and teaching. Each tier includes various noncommercialnon-commercial products that bundle a broad range of physics and advanced coupled field solver capabilities. The academic product suite provides entry-level tools intended for class demonstrations and hands-on instruction. It includes flexible terms of use and more complex analysis suitable for doctoral and post-doctoral research projects. The CompanyWe also providesprovide a special product at no cost to students that is suitable for use away from the classroom and in non-commercial applications.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The Company makesWe make significant investments in research and development and emphasizesemphasize frequent, integrated product releases. The Company'sOur product development strategy centers on ongoing development and innovation of new technologies to increase productivity and to provide engineering simulation solutions that customers can integrate into enterprise-wide product lifecycle management (PLM) systems. The Company'sOur product development efforts focus on extensions of the full product line with new functional modules, further integration with CAD, electronic CAD (ECAD) and PLM products, and the development of new products. The Company'sOur products run on the most widely-used engineering computing platforms and operating systems, including Windows, Linux and most UNIX workstations.
The Company completed the following major product development activities and releases:
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• | In January 2018, the Company announced the release of ANSYS 19, which enables customers to leverage simulation to solve the most complex problems with greater accuracy, reduced costs, less time and less complexity. ANSYS 19 delivers major enhancements across the entire industry-leading product portfolio. ANSYS 19 includes new support for AADL-compatible avionics system modeling, which not only empowers organizations to understand and control their system costs, but also maximizes critical performance characteristics. In the electromagnetics suite, ANSYS 19 introduces technology that is ideal for engineers designing autonomous vehicles, advanced detection systems and stealth technology. ANSYS 19 delivers a robust, integrated electromagnetic-thermal workflow that predicts crucial thermal effects within electronics designs. ANSYS medinianalyze™ is new to the systems suite and available for functional safety analysis in applications for automotive, aerospace and defense, rail, nuclear and other safety-critical industries. ANSYS 19 for semiconductors provides comprehensive simulation solutions that simultaneously solve for various design attributes such as power noise, thermal properties, reliability and performance across the spectrum of chip, package and system. New functionalities are provided in the fluids suite that significantly reduce the computational effort needed for spray nozzle designers to optimize product performance. In the mechanical and electromagnetic suites, ANSYS 19 increases the number of built-in HPC cores from two to four. In the 3-D design suite, ANSYS 19 enables engineers to produce lighter-weight, stronger designs in shorter time through enhancements in topology optimization.
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• | In August 2017, ANSYS 18.2 was released with new functionality across physics, system simulation and embedded software. For electronics, ANSYS HFSS 18.2 delivered significant meshing and computation speed plus advances in visualization for high-frequency electromagnetic field simulation. Structural analysis was enhanced with topology optimization built in to ANSYS Mechanical™. Modal and harmonic acoustic analysis was integrated natively in Mechanical, and an integrated wizard to rapidly set up drop tests was added. Enhancements to Mechanical’s HPC performance were released that allow simulations to continue increasing speed beyond 3,000 cores. Patented polyhedral unstructured mesh adaptation was added to ANSYS Fluent® to automatically refine the mesh to resolve fine details, providing accuracy with speed. Enhancements to cavitation analysis for multiple fluids and non-condensing gases were added to help pump designers. The adjoint solver was enhanced to enable engineers to optimize a greatly expanded range of problems, including rotating machinery and heat exchangers. AIM® 18.2 supports topology optimization providing shapes otherwise too complex to envision, with several prototypes for refinement and fine tuning of results.
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• | In May 2017, the Company announced the release of ANSYS 18.1, which featured enhancements to the electronics, semiconductor, structures and fluids product lines. In the fluids suite, ANSYS 18.1 enabled users to simulate more quickly and accurately. ANSYS 18.1 also provided improvements to workflow and meshing, enabling users to quickly become productive while providing new opportunities for experienced users. In the structures suite, ANSYS 18.1 added new capabilities within its topology optimization technology to analyze complex materials and optimize designs. ANSYS 18.1 expanded its noise-vibration-harshness (NVH) analysis to include both magnetostriction and induced magnetostriction effects in electrical machines and transformers. Also, ANSYS 18.1 introduced a new characteristic mode analysis solver for electronics designers to study antenna placement on large platforms such as aircraft and ships. ANSYS AIM further expanded the landscape for digital exploration in ANSYS 18.1 with enhancements across all physics. ANSYS SpaceClaim® continues to build upon its powerful optimization tools for additive manufacturing in ANSYS 18.1.
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New Product Offerings
Discovery Product Suite
ANSYS released the Discovery line of products in ANSYS 19.0, including the groundbreaking Discovery Live. Discovery Live provides instantaneous simulation tightly coupled with direct geometry modeling. This enables interactive design exploration and rapid product innovation.
Additive Manufacturing
ANSYS recently acquired 3DSIM, a developer of premier additive manufacturing simulation technology. The acquisition of 3DSIM gives ANSYS 19.0 the industry's only complete design-to-print additive manufacturing simulation workflow.
CEI EnSight
ANSYS recently acquired Computational Engineering International (CEI) and the EnSight simulation visualization software tool. EnSight can be used by enterprises to better understand the results of their simulation data by allowing engineers to combine analysis results to see multiple outputs or multiple physics.
The Company'sOur total research and development expenses were $202.7$355.4 million, $183.1$298.2 million and $168.8$233.8 million in 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively, or 18.5%21.1%, 18.5%19.7% and 17.9%18.1% of total revenue, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company's2020 and 2019, our product development staff consisted of approximately 1,0001,800 and 1,500 employees, respectively, most of whom hold advanced degrees and have industry experience in engineering, mathematics, computer science or related disciplines. The Company hasWe have traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and intendsintend to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of itsour broad portfolio of simulation software products.
We recently completed the following major product development activities and releases:
•In January 2021, we released Ansys 2021 R1, which delivers improvements in simulation technology along with the immense compute power of high-performance computing to reimagine what is now possible for global engineering teams. Our simulation solutions offer new levels of collaboration, providing insight into product safety, reliability and performance. The simplified workflows and unique product enhancements in Ansys 2021 R1 create opportunities for engineers to accomplish design and product development goals that were previously thought unattainable.
Ansys 2021 R1 provides advancements for large electromagnetic system simulations that previously were not possible, while including vendor components in those simulations with greater efficiency and scalability. These components can be encrypted, so vendors can share proprietary 3D component designs and create high-fidelity simulations. Ansys 2021 R1 also pushes semiconductor engineering boundaries, delivering comprehensive analysis of signal integrity, power integrity, and thermal and mechanical stress on 3D multi-die systems. While thermo-mechanical stresses and warpage can damage 3D-IC packages, leveraging proven Ansys flagship technology enables users to increase product lifespan and reliability.
•In July 2020, we released Ansys 2020 R2, which brings enhanced solving and collaboration capabilities, key for enabling globally distributed teams to further organization-wide innovation. This release upgrades our HPC resources and platform solutions that reduce costs and speed production. Our newly updated advanced digital engineering tools help engineering teams develop new products, sustain business continuity, improve productivity and win the race to market.
We also released the new Ansys Discovery, a next generation, easy-to-use product design software application. Ansys Discovery is the first simulation-driven design tool to combine instant physics simulation, Ansys' proven high-fidelity simulation and interactive geometry modeling into a single design exploration application. Conducting real-time, rapid iterative design explorations, more engineers can now explore larger design spaces and quickly answer critical design questions earlier in the product design process.
Acquired Technologies
Our 2020 acquisitions, each a leader in their respective fields, are intended to bolster our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation. The acquired technologies significantly enhance our portfolio, providing solutions valuable to our customers.
The acquisition of Lumerical enables our customers to predict light's behavior within complex photonic structures and systems. Silicon photonics is an expanding market and Lumerical provides a comprehensive set of tools for the design and analysis of integrated photonic components and systems, similar to the traditional electronic design automation (EDA) environment. Lumerical complements Ansys SPEOS by serving as a de facto light source for predicting the illumination and optical performance of systems such as interior automobile lighting.
The acquisition of AGI enables our customers to consider the entire mission engineering of a product or system. Engineered products and systems can involve thousands of components, subsystems, systems, and systems of systems that must work together intricately. Our software simulates all these pieces of the puzzle and their functional relationships to each other, and increasingly to their environments.
PRODUCT QUALITY
The Company'sOur employees generally perform product development tasks according to predefined quality plans, procedures and work instructions. Certain technical support tasks are also subject to a quality process. These plans define, for each project, the methods to be used, the responsibilities of project participants and the quality objectives to be met. The majority of our software products are developed under a quality system that is certified to the ISO 9001:20082015 standard. The Company establishesWe establish quality plans for itsour products and services, and subjectssubject product designs to multiple levels of testing and verification in accordance with processes established under the Company'sour quality system.
SALES AND MARKETING
The Company distributesWe distribute and supports itssupport our products through our own direct sales offices, as well as a global network of independent channel partners, as well as through its own direct sales offices.partners. This channel partner network provides the Companyus with a cost-effective, highly-specialized channel of distribution and technical support. It also enables the Companyus to draw on business and technical expertise from a global network, provides relative stability to the Company'sour operations to offsethelp mitigate geography-specific economic trends and provides the Companyus with an opportunity to take advantage of new geographic markets. The Company derived 24.8%, 24.4% and 24.2% of its total revenue through the indirectmarkets or enhance our sales channel for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.coverage in existing markets.
The channel partners market and sell ANSYSour products to new customers, expand installations within the existing customer base, offer training and consulting services, and provide the first line of ANSYSour technical support. The Company'sOur channel partner certification process helps to ensure that each channel partner has the ongoing capability to adequately represent the Company'sour expanding product lines and to provide an acceptable level of training, consultation and customer support. We derived 22.2%, 22.9% and 22.4% of our total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The CompanyWe also hashave a direct sales organization to develop an enterprise-wide, focused sales approach and to implement a worldwide majorgo-to-market account strategy. The sales management organization also functions as a focal point for requests to ANSYS from the channel partners and provides additional support in strategic locations through the presence of direct sales offices.
During 2017, the Company2020, we continued to invest in itsour existing domestic and international strategic sales offices. In total, the Company'sour direct sales and marketing organization comprises 1,400comprised 2,400 and 2,100 employees as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, who arewere responsible for the sales, technical support, consulting services, marketing initiatives, and administrative activities designed to support the Company'sour overall revenue growth and expansion strategies.
The Company'sOur products are utilized by organizations ranging in size from small consulting firms to the world's largest high-tech and industrial companies. No single customer accounted for more than 5% of the Company'sour revenue in 2017, 20162020, 2019 or 2015.2018.
Information with respect to foreign and domestic revenue may be found in Note 1617 to the consolidated financial statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the section entitled “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND MARKETING RELATIONSHIPS
The Company hasWe have established and continuescontinued to pursue strategic alliances with advanced technology suppliers, cloud computing providers, hardware vendors, software vendors, specialized application developers, and CAD, ECAD and PLM providers. The Company believesWe believe that these relationships facilitate accelerated incorporation of advanced technology into the Company'sour products, provide access to new customers, expand the Company'sour sales channels, develop specialized product applications, and provide direct integration with leading CAD, electronic design automation (EDA), product data management and PLM systems.
The Company hasWe have technical and marketing relationships with leading CAD vendors, such as Autodesk, PTC and Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software,Digital Industries, to provide direct links between products. These links facilitate the transfer of electronic data models between the CAD systems and ANSYSour products.
Similarly,We partner with PTC to accelerate product innovation by providing customers a world-class simulation-driven design solution. Working together, we are delivering Ansys Live real-time simulation technology within PTC’s Creo® 3D CAD software. The combined solution, Creo Simulation Live, is sold by PTC as part of the Company maintainsCreo product suite. This solution offers customers a unified modeling and simulation environment, removing the boundaries between CAD and simulation and enabling design engineers to gain insight into each of the many design decisions they make throughout the product development process. This insight enables design engineers to create higher quality products, while reducing product and development costs. In November 2020, PTC released Creo Ansys Simulation, which includes a subset of our flagship solver technology integrated into Creo.
We maintain marketing and software development relationships with leading EDA software companies, including Cadence Design Systems, Synopsys, Mentor Graphics, ZukenSiemens EDA, and National Instruments.Zuken. These relationships support the transfer of data between electronics design and layout software and the ANSYSour electronics simulation portfolio. In 2017, the Company entered intoWe have an integration and distribution agreement with Synopsys to cooperatively integrate ANSYSAnsys RedHawk technology into an in-design add-on to a Synopsys design tool for the primary purpose of providing customers with direct, in-design access to the RedHawk technology's capabilities. In addition, we continue to focus on customer solutions and are actively working together to build additional products and interoperability workflows.
The Company also hasWe have a strategic relationship with Spatial Corp.Microsoft that spans several Ansys business units and markets. The primary focus of the relationship centers on Ansys Cloud, which is a cloud-based simulation service fully managed by Ansys and hosted on Microsoft’s Azure Cloud infrastructure. Ansys Cloud provides on-demand access to provideHPC directly from within our flagship applications. We continue to expand the 3-D modeling kernel technology uponlicensing options and functionality of Ansys Cloud, often working closely with Microsoft for support and technical advice. The market-specific projects we have in place with Microsoft include: Ansys digital twins’ connection with Microsoft Azure IoT solutions; Ansys Autonomy software for autonomous vehicles running on Azure; and co-sponsoring the Indy Autonomous Challenge self-driving car race, in which 30+ universities are building and racing self-driving cars around the Company's in-house geometry modeling software solutions are built.
The main method that ANSYS employs to democratize HPC to a wider audience is through partnerships with a number of companies, such as cloud-hosting providers, HPC hardware manufacturers and supercomputing centers such as HLRSiconic speedway in Stuttgart, Germany. The cloud partners not only provide HPC services, but also the back-end infrastructure to those customers who lack the in-house HPC or IT staff, but still want the ability to increase computational resources quickly. In addition, ANSYS has established partnerships with HPC partners that provide appliances, or pre-configured racks of computational hardware optimized and configured to run ANSYS software. In 2017, ANSYS, Saudi Aramco and King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia announced that they had set a new supercomputing milestone by scaling ANSYS Fluent to nearly 200,000 processor cores. This supercomputing record represents a more than five-fold increase over the record set just three years ago when Fluent first reached the 36,000-core scaling milestone.
The Company's open cloud strategy allows it to work with various public cloud providers and cloud hosting partners. This approach makes it easy for customers to use the same workflows on-premise andIndianapolis in the Cloud. In addition, the Company strengthened its other cloud-hosting service partnerships by further improving best practices for executing engineering simulation in the Cloud. Cloud-hosting partners such as Nimbix, Rescale and Gompute provide friction-free cloud access to ANSYS solutions for customers. Furthermore, the Company enjoys mutually-committed alliances with large cloud platform providers such as Microsoft and AWS.fall of 2021.
The Company'sOur Partner Program actively encourages specialized developers of specialized software solutions to use the Company'sour technology as a development platform for their applications and provides customers with enhanced functionality related to their use of the Company'sour software. With almostmore than 200 active solution partnerships, spanning a wide range of technologies, including materials, optimization, electronics, optical, mechanical, fluid and systems simulation, fluid simulation and CAD, thisour partner ecosystem extends the depth and breadth of the Company'sour technology offerings.
The Company has We also work to democratize HPC to a software license agreementwider audience through partnerships with Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC) whereby LSTC has provided LS-DYNA® software for explicit dynamics solutions used in applications such as crash test simulations in automotivecloud computing providers, cloud-hosting partners, HPC hardware manufacturers and other industries. Under this arrangement, LSTC assists in the integration of the LS-DYNA software with the Company's pre- and post-processing capabilities and provides updates and problem resolution in return for royalties from sales of the ANSYS LS-DYNA® combined product.
The Company has a software license agreement with HBM that provides the advanced fatigue capabilities of nCode DesignLife™, a leading durability software from HBM. ANSYS nCode DesignLife™ technology leverages the open architecture of the ANSYS platform and enables mechanical engineers to more easily address complex product life and durability issues before a prototype is built.supercomputing centers.
COMPETITION
The Company believesWe believe that the principal factors affecting sales of itsour software include ease of use, breadth and depth of functionality, flexibility, quality, ease of integration with other software systems, file compatibility across computer platforms, range of supported computer platforms, performance, price and total cost of ownership, customer service and support, company reputation and financial viability, and effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts.
The Company continuesWe continue to experience competition across all markets for itsour products and services. Our competitors include large, global, publicly traded companies; small, geographically-focused firms; startup firms; and solutions produced in-house by the end users. Some of the Company'sour current and possible future competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than the Company,us, and some have well-established relationships with current and potential customers of the Company. The Company'sours. Our current and possible future competitors also include firms that have elected, or may in the future elect, to compete by means of open source licensing. These competitive pressures may result in decreased sales volumes, price reductions and/or increased operating costs, and could result in lower revenues, margins and net income.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AND LICENSES
The Company regards itsWe regard our software as proprietary and reliesrely on a combination of trade secret, copyright, patent and trademark laws, license agreements, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and technical measures to protect itsour proprietary rights in itsour products. The Company distributes itsWe distribute our software products under software license agreements that predominantly grant customers nonexclusive licenses, which are typically nontransferable, for the use of the Company'sour products. License agreements for the Company'sour products are generally directly between the Companyus and end users. Use of the licensed software product is restricted to specified sites unless the customer obtains a multi-site license for its use of the software product or the software product is by its nature a multi-site use product. Software security measures are also employed to prevent unauthorized use of the Company'sour software products and the licensed software is subject to terms and conditions prohibiting unauthorized use, distribution, or reproduction. For most products, customers may purchase a perpetual license of the technology with the right to annually purchase ongoing maintenance, technical support and upgrades, or may lease the product on a fixed-term basis for a fee that includes the license, maintenance, technical support and upgrades. For its Discoverysome products, customers purchase an annual subscription for a certain number of named users that includes the license, maintenance, technical support and upgrades.upgrades or purchase elastic units, which enable the use of any supported product at any time until their licensed volume is met.
The Company licenses itsWe license our software products utilizing a combination of web-based and hard-copy license terms and forms. For certain software products, the Companywe primarily reliesrely on "click-wrapped" licenses.licenses (i.e. online agreements where the website provider posts terms and conditions, and the user clicks on the "accept" button). The enforceability of these types of agreements under the laws of some jurisdictions is uncertain.
The CompanyWe also seeksseek to protect the source code of itsour software as a trade secret and as registered unpublished copyrighted work. The Company hasWe have obtained federal trademark registration protection for ANSYSAnsys and other marks in the U.S. and foreign countries. Additionally, the Company waswe were awarded numerous patents by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or equivalent offices in other jurisdictions and hashave a number of patent applications pending. To the extent the Company doeswe do not choose to seek patent protection for itsour intellectual property, the Companywe primarily reliesrely on the protection of itsour source code as a trade secret.
Employees of the CompanyOur employees have signed agreements under which they have agreed not to disclose trade secrets or confidential information. These agreements, where legally permitted, restrict engagement in or connection with any business that is competitive with the Companyus anywhere in the world while employed by the Companyus (and, in some cases, for specified periods thereafter) and state that any products or technology created by employees during their term of employment are the property of the Company.our property. In addition, the Company requireswe require all channel partners to enter into agreements not to disclose the Company'sour trade secrets and other proprietary information.
Despite these precautions, there can be no assurance that misappropriation of the Company'sour technology and proprietary information (including source code) will be prevented. Further, there can be no assurance that copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret protection will be available for the Company'sour products in certain jurisdictions, or that restrictions on the ability of employees and channel partners to engage in activities competitive with the Companyus will be enforceable. Costly and time-
consumingtime-consuming litigation could be necessary in the future to enforce the Company'sour rights to itsour trade secrets and proprietary information or to enforce itsour patent rights and copyrights, and it is possible that, in the future, the Company'sour competitors may be able to obtain the Company'sour trade secrets or to independently develop similar unpatented technology.
The software development industry is characterized by rapid technological change. Therefore, the Company believeswe believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of itsour personnel, new product developments, frequent product enhancements, name recognition and reliable product maintenance are also important to establishing and maintaining technology leadership in addition to the various available legal protections of its technology that may be available.our technology.
The Company doesWe do not believe that any of itsour products infringe upon the proprietary rights of third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that third parties will not claim such infringement by the Companyus or itsour licensors or licensees with respect to current or future products. The Company expectsIn addition, there are non-practicing entities (NPEs) and patent assertion entities (PAEs) whose business models are built on not producing any products, but rather extracting payments from revenue-generating companies through patent infringement assertions and/or litigation. We expect that software suppliers will increasingly be subject to the risk of such claims as the number of products and suppliers continues to expand and the functionality of products continues to increase. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product release delays or require the Companyus to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company.us.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
The Company'sOur business has experienced seasonality, including quarterly reductionsvolatility in software sales resulting from slowdowns of customer activities during the summer months, particularly in Europe, as well as from the seasonal purchasing and budgeting patterns of the Company's
our global customers. Lease and maintenance contract renewals, are typically highest in the first and fourth quarters. The Company'sas well as our revenue, isare typically highest in the fourth quarter.
DEFERRED REVENUE AND BACKLOG
Deferred revenue consists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from software license and maintenancecustomer agreements. The deferred revenue on the Company'sour consolidated balance sheets does not represent the total value of annual or multi-year, noncancellable software license and maintenance agreements. The Company'sOur backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current quarterly billing cycle and customer orders received but not processed. The Company's. Our deferred revenue and backlog as of December 31, 20172020 and 20162019 consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 |
| (in thousands) | Total | | Current | | Long-Term |
| Deferred revenue | $ | 388,810 | | | $ | 372,061 | | | $ | 16,749 | |
| Backlog | 578,317 | | | 234,719 | | | 343,598 | |
| Total | $ | 967,127 | | | $ | 606,780 | | | $ | 360,347 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at December 31, 2017 |
| (in thousands) | Total | | Current | | Long-Term |
| Deferred revenue | $ | 468,560 |
| | $ | 440,491 |
| | $ | 28,069 |
|
| Backlog | 301,150 |
| | 97,283 |
| | 203,867 |
|
| Total | $ | 769,710 |
| | $ | 537,774 |
| | $ | 231,936 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands) | Total | | Current | | Long-Term |
| Deferred revenue | $ | 365,274 | | | $ | 351,353 | | | $ | 13,921 | |
| Backlog | 505,469 | | | 218,398 | | | 287,071 | |
| Total | $ | 870,743 | | | $ | 569,751 | | | $ | 300,992 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Balance at December 31, 2016 |
| (in thousands) | Total | | Current | | Long-Term |
| Deferred revenue | $ | 415,846 |
| | $ | 403,279 |
| | $ | 12,567 |
|
| Backlog | 221,994 |
| | 64,361 |
| | 157,633 |
|
| Total | $ | 637,840 |
| | $ | 467,640 |
| | $ | 170,200 |
|
Revenue associated with deferred revenue and backlog that will be recognized in the subsequent twelve months is classified as current in the tabletables above.
EMPLOYEESHUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
At the heart of our culture is a commitment to our people. We believe that our people are one of our most important investments and greatest assets. The success and the growth of our business depend on our ability to attract, develop, incent and retain a diverse population of talented, qualified and highly-skilled employees at all levels of our organization, including our executive officers, and across our global workforce. We have developed key recruitment and retention strategies, objectives and measures that serve as the framework for our human capital management approach. These strategies, objectives and measures are advanced through a number of programs, policies and initiatives, including: promoting diversity, equity and inclusion; employer branding and talent acquisition; ongoing employee development; competitive compensation, including incentives linked to Ansys’ and the employee’s performance, and competitive benefits programs providing choice and value to our employees; supporting safety and health; and surveying employee satisfaction and engagement.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company2020, we employed approximately 2,900 people. At that date, there4,800 people, including approximately: 1,800 in product development, 2,400 in sales, support and marketing, and 600 in general and administrative functions. Of these employees, 47% were also contract personnellocated in the Americas, 28% were located in Europe, Middle East and co-op students providing ongoing development servicesAfrica (EMEA) and technical support.25% were located in Asia-Pacific (APAC). Certain international employees of the Company are subject to collective bargaining agreements andor have local work councils.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Diversity, equity and inclusion are key tenets of our culture. We believe diversity at all levels of our organization adds value to our business decision making and innovation by encouraging and incorporating a variety of perspectives and experiences.
As of December 31, 2020, our gender diversity was:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Male | | Female | | Other/Not Indicated |
| Global employees | 73 | % | | 22 | % | | 5 | % |
Senior leadership team(1) | 76 | % | | 24 | % | | — | % |
| Board of Directors | 75 | % | | 25 | % | | — | % |
(1)The senior leadership team consists of leaders in our executive career track that report directly to the chief executive officer or within one additional reporting level of the chief executive officer and those at the highest tier of our management career track who report directly to a leader on our executive track. The senior leaders are responsible for directing strategic plans aligned with our corporate strategy through multiple levels of management.
As of December 31, 2020, our ethnic diversity was:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| White | | Asian | | Hispanic or Latino | | Black or African American | | Other* | | Not Indicated |
| United States-based employees | 52 | % | | 29 | % | | 2 | % | | 1 | % | | 1 | % | | 15 | % |
| Board of Directors | 62 | % | | 25 | % | | — | % | | 13 | % | | — | % | | — | % |
*Other includes Native Hawaiian, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander, or two or more races.
We have a growing number of employee resource groups dedicated to ensuring a culture of inclusion to support our goals of increasing retention of valuable employees and creating an open culture that fuels innovation, including: Women in Tech at Ansys, Ansys Pride Alliance, Black Employee Network at Ansys, Ansys Military Veterans and Families, and most-recently, a group called Accessibility at Ansys. Additionally, we have committed to training 100% of our people managers on inclusive leadership concepts such as unconscious bias, leading to establish belonging, and making objective talent selection decisions.
Employee Recruitment, Development and Retention
Our talent strategy is focused on (i) attracting diverse high-quality talent, (ii) continually developing and engaging our employee base and (iii) retaining our people by recognizing and rewarding performance. Our commitment to recruiting diverse talent is evidenced in the United States through our dedication to increasing recruiting efforts at historically black colleges and universities, as well as our involvement with minority engineering societies, women in technology groups, veterans’ organizations and LGBTQ+A organizations. In addition to targeted outreach, we recruit talent through (i) attending career and networking events aimed towards recruiting diverse audiences, (ii) hiring internally through our Ansys internship/co-op programs for current students and (iii) value partnerships that promote our programs to diverse audiences. Our academic product suite is also widely used in research and teaching settings, which allows students to become familiar with Ansys simulation software and creates opportunities to strengthen our university ties and recruit fresh talent.
We support the development of our employees by providing professional development and tuition assistance, conducting annual individual assessments, and encouraging feedback on performance. We also drive a variety of focused initiatives specifically designed to support employee development. These include our annual talent reviews and succession planning, emotional intelligence trainings, and company-sponsored education programs, such as management essentials to develop front-line leaders in foundational people management skills.
Developing our employees helps keep employees engaged and excited about their future at Ansys. It also helps mitigate risks associated with employee loss and keeping up with rapid technological and social change. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our annual turnover rate was 6%, and of this, 4% was voluntary.
Compensation and Benefits Program
Our compensation programs provide an opportunity for employees to earn higher compensation by aligning their performance, which may include contributions to our environmental, social and governance objectives, with the overall financial and operational success of Ansys. The program includes three key elements: (i) competitive annual salaries, (ii) annual cash incentives and sales commission programs, with a majority of our employees eligible to earn more or less than the target opportunities based on both Ansys’ and the employee’s performance and (iii) long-term equity incentives with over half of
employees receiving equity grants each year in the form of time-based restricted stock units and, in the case of senior leadership, time-based restricted stock units and performance stock units that vest, if at all, based on our financial performance and shareholder returns. These grants align the long-term financial interests of our employees with those of our stockholders.
Health and welfare benefit programs include market-competitive benefits comprised of a mix of company-provided and other benefits, including those for medical, dental and vision insurance; life and disability insurance; defined contribution retirement plans; and many different employee assistance programs, such as financial, legal, emotional and social well-being employee assistance programs. Our investments in health and welfare benefits focus on providing choice and value to our employees so they can select market-competitive benefits that support their personal needs.
Local regulations are considered when developing our compensation and benefits packages for employees across the globe.
Safety and Health
The health and safety of our employees and their families, our partners and our broad Ansys community around the world continues to be a high priority. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we took action to enable our employees to work from home. We closed our offices (including our corporate headquarters), transitioned to a remote work environment, and implemented certain travel restrictions, each of which has changed how we operate our business. While a number of our offices have since reopened, most of our locations have limited access or have few employees working on site. We are continuing to monitor and manage the situation, but as of now remote access remains the primary means of work for the vast majority of our workforce.
We utilize a number of technology platforms to facilitate remote working. Most of these tools were implemented prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and have proven to be instrumental in enabling us to work effectively in this environment. We have also provided our employees with support, including stipends, and in some cases, needed hardware and equipment. In addition, we have implemented many protocols in our offices to keep our employees safe.
Employee Satisfaction and Engagement
Employee feedback and engagement is critical to our success. We conduct global employee engagement surveys with the goal of using the feedback to improve the work environment and employee satisfaction. In 2020, this feedback was critical to understand, as nearly all our employees were required to work remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey results showed that our executive team provided outstanding management and leadership during the pandemic. 96% of employees indicated that they were satisfied with our response to the COVID-19 pandemic and 93% reported feeling supported by their immediate manager and their efforts to adapt to the rapidly changing environment related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Employee feedback is important in the areas of future vision, recognition, communication, leadership, growth and development. Managers communicate results of the survey to their teams and involve employees in the action planning process. The findings from these surveys help us to continually improve performance and engagement. Our 2020 global engagement survey demonstrated that our employees are highly engaged. Our engagement score results indicated that we improved against past performance and also exceeded external benchmarks.
ACQUISITIONS
The Company makesWe make targeted acquisitions in order to support itsour long-term strategic direction, accelerate innovation, provide increased capabilities to itsour existing products, supply new products and services, expand itsour customer base and enhance itsour distribution channels.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company completed various For additional details on our recent acquisitions, refer to expand its customer base and accelerate the development of new and innovative products to the marketplace while lowering design and engineering costs for customers. The acquisitions were not individually significant. The combined purchase prices of the acquisitions purchased during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $67.0 million, $10.3 million and $49.7 million, respectively. The 2017 technology acquisitions are further described in the table below: |
| | | | |
Date of Closing | | Company | | Details |
November 15, 2017 | | 3DSIM | | 3DSIM, a developer of premier additive manufacturing technology, gives ANSYS a complete additive manufacturing simulation workflow solution. 3DSIM's software solutions empower manufacturers, designers, materials scientists and engineers to achieve their objectives through simulation-driven innovation rather than physical trial and error. |
July 5, 2017 | | Computational Engineering International, Inc.
(CEI Inc.)
| | CEI Inc., the developer of EnSight, aids engineers and scientists in their ability to analyze, visualize and communicate large simulation data sets in clear, higher-resolution outputs. |
March 10, 2017 | | CLK Design Automation (CLK-DA) | | CLK-DA offers fast transistor simulation technology that complements the Company's semiconductor product portfolio. |
For further information on the Company's business combinations, see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included"Acquisitions" in Part IV,II, Item 157 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company's websiteInformation about our products and services iswww.ansys.com. The Company also maintains a presence on social media through its various channels included at www.ansys.com/about-ansys/social-media. The Company makes available on itsthe internet at www.ansys.com. We provide information for investors on our corporate website under "About Ansys – Investor Relations."
We make available, free of charge, Annual Reportscharge, the following under “About Ansys – Investor Relations” shortly before or promptly following its first use or release: financially-related press releases, including earnings releases and prepared remarks, various SEC filings, including annual, quarterly and current reports and proxy statements, presentation materials associated with earnings conference calls, and access to live and recorded audio from earnings and other investor conference calls or events. For earnings conference calls, we generally include in our posted materials a cautionary statement regarding forward-looking and non-GAAP financial information, and we provide GAAP reconciliations when we include non-GAAP financial information. Such GAAP reconciliations may be in materials for the applicable presentation, in materials for prior presentations or in our annual, quarterly or current reports. Other information posted on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, interactive data files, Current Reports on Form 8-K, reports filed pursuantour corporate website that may not be available in our filings
with the SEC includes information relating to Section 16 and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are electronically filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Company's reportsour corporate governance. SEC filings may also be obtained by accessingon the EDGAR databaseSEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Where we have included internet addresses in this Report, such as our internet address and the internet address of the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, the Company has posted the charters for its Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee,SEC, we have included those internet addresses as wellinactive textual references only. Except as the Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Standard Business Practices and Corporate Governance Guidelines on its website. Information posted on the Company's website or social media accounts is notspecifically incorporated by reference ininto this Annual Report, information on Form 10-K.those websites is not part hereof.
Information provided by the Company or its spokespersons,ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
The following are important factors we have identified that could affect our future results and an investment in our securities. In addition, from time to time we provide information, including information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, may from time to time containthat contains forward-looking statements concerning, among other things, projected financial performance, total addressable market, market and industry sector growth, product development and commercialization or other aspects of future operations. Such statements will beare based on the assumptions and expectations of the Company'sour management at the time such statements are made. The Company cautionsWe caution investors that itsour performance (and, therefore,and any forward-looking statement) isstatements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Various important factors,uncertainties, including but not limited to, the followingfollowing:
COVID-19 Pandemic Risks
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an effect on our business, employees, and consolidated financial statements. The uncertainty surrounding the remaining duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic limits our ability to accurately forecast expected business results in the near term.
The health and safety of our employees and their families, our partners and our other constituents around the world is a high priority. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we took action to enable our employees to work from home. We closed our offices (including our corporate headquarters), transitioned to a remote work environment, and implemented certain travel restrictions, each of which has changed how we operate our business. While a number of our offices have since reopened, most of our locations have limited access and few employees working on site. We continue to monitor and manage the situation, but as of now remote access remains the primary means of work for most of our workforce.
The COVID-19 outbreak and preventative measures taken to contain the COVID-19 outbreak continue to cause business slowdowns and shutdowns in affected areas. A majority of our customer events and those of our channel partners are virtual only experiences. These events may not be as successful as customer events prior to COVID-19 because, among other reasons, the limited number of such events, the varying attendance levels and virtual event fatigue.
An extended period of remote work arrangements negatively impacts the sales pipeline due to reduced, delayed, or altered sales and marketing interactions with customers and potential customers, expose us to increased risk of cyber incidents, delay or alter product roadmaps or research and development due to reduced or limited access to technologies, equipment, or services, and delay or disrupt recruitment efforts. Limitations on availability, ease of use or increased cost related to the use of our products in our customers’ remote work environments could also result in a decline in demand for our products.
We have experienced, and continue to expect, that our larger customer accounts will perform more strongly than the small- and medium-sized businesses during the pandemic. In addition, the shifting preference from perpetual licenses to time-based licenses was, and is expected to continue to be, elevated as a result of the impacts of COVID-19. There may also be continued lower activity levels in the end markets we service or declining financial performance of our customers and channel partners, which could result in lower rates of renewal, which have historically been stable and high, and cancellations, reductions, or delays for our products and services. Due to our subscription-based business model, the effect of the pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods and could impact future growth rates.
The situation surrounding COVID-19 remains fluid, and given its inherent uncertainty, we expect the pandemic will continue to have an impact on our business and consolidated financial statements in the near term. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depends on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the timing and effectiveness of vaccination efforts in the markets where we do business, transmission rates of the virus and the development of virus mutations and variants, the nature and scope of government economic recovery measures and the extent and effectiveness of containment actions. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks and uncertainties described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Global Operational Risks
We are subject to trade restrictions that could impact our ability to sell to customers and result in liability for violations.
Due to the global nature of our business, we are subject to trade protection laws, policies, sanctions, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment. For example, we are subject to import and export restrictions and regulations that prohibit the shipment or provision of certain products and services to certain countries, regions and persons targeted by the U.S., including the Export Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and economic and trade sanctions administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). During the second quarter of 2019, the BIS placed certain entities on its Entity List. Certain of our existing and prospective customers, including Huawei, were included in this list. At the end of the second quarter of 2020, BIS heightened restrictions relating to certain military end uses impacting the use of our semiconductor and electronics software in China, Russia, and Venezuela.
The Entity List and OFAC restrictions limit our ability to deliver products and services to these customers and, in the absence of a license, our ability to sell products and services to these customers in the future. In addition, restrictions implemented by OFAC restrict our ability to sell to, or transact with, restricted individuals, entities, or countries. The inclusion of companies on the Entity List and subjecting companies to the heightened restrictions may encourage them to seek substitute products from competitors whose products are not subject to these restrictions or to develop their own products. We cannot predict whether or when any changes will be made that eliminate or decrease these limitations on our ability to sell products and provide services to these customers. Additionally, other existing and prospective customers may be added to the Entity List and/or be subjected to trade restrictions in the future, and such actions may result in other indirect impacts that cannot be quantified, including the imposition of additional trade restrictions on our business by the U.S., China, or other countries. Restrictions on our ability to sell and ship to customers could have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements.
Our products could be shipped to restricted parties by third parties, including our channel partners. Even though we take measures to ensure that our channel partners comply with all applicable trade restrictions, any failure by channel partners to comply with such restrictions could have negative consequences for us. Violators of trade restrictions may be subject to significant penalties, which may include considerable monetary fines, criminal proceedings against them and their officers and employees, a denial of export privileges, and suspension or debarment from selling products or services to the federal government. Any such penalties could have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements. In addition, the political and media scrutiny surrounding any governmental investigation could cause significant expense and reputational harm and distract senior executives from managing normal day-to-day operations.
Failure to comply with laws and regulations could harm our business.
We develop and sell software and consulting services and maintain support operations in more than 40 countries whose laws and practices differ from one another and are subject to unexpected changes. Furthermore, our business is subject to regulation by various global governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Managing these geographically diverse operations requires significant attention and resources to ensure compliance.
Our global reach includes countries considered high-risk environments for public corruption. This exposes us to risks associated with violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act. To promote compliance, we forbid our agents and employees from engaging in corrupt behavior and have implemented a compliance program to prevent and detect violations of anti-corruption laws. There remains, however, a risk that illegal conduct could occur thereby exposing us to the financial and reputational risks associated with a violation of anti-corruption laws.
Non-compliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions and may result in our inability to provide certain products and services to existing or prospective customers. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, or if customers make claims against us for compensation, our business and consolidated financial statements could be harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees and costs. Enforcement actions and sanctions could have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements.
Our business practices with respect to the collection, use and management of personal information could give rise to operational interruption, liabilities or reputational harm as a result of governmental regulation, legal requirements or industry standards relating to consumer privacy and data protection.
We are subject to the laws and regulations of numerous jurisdictions worldwide regarding accessing, processing, sharing, using, storing, transmitting, disclosing and protecting personal data. As regulatory focus on privacy, data and security issues continues to increase and evolve, and as worldwide laws and regulations concerning the handling of personal data expand and become more complex, data protection standards continue to become more strict and potential risks related to data processing within our business may intensify.
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in May 2018 and governs data privacy practices within the European Economic Area (EEA), applies to our data processing activities within the EEA, as well as the processing of EEA citizen data globally, and imposes various compliance obligations related to the handling of personal data in the delivery of our products and services and to business operations involving employee data. Compliance with the GDPR has and will continue to require deployment of substantial resources and increased costs. If we fail to comply with the GDPR, it may lead to regulatory enforcement actions, which can result in monetary penalties of up to 4% of annual worldwide revenue, private lawsuits, extensive and prescriptive consent decrees or judgments that may require additional resources or expenses for compliance and may cause reputational damage. As a result of the Company's futureexpiration of the Brexit transition period, on December 24, 2020, the U.K. and the European Union reached a provisional agreement temporarily permitting the continued flow of personal data between the regions. Anticipated further evolution of European Union regulations on this topic, including the impact of Brexit on these regulations in the U.K. and any related changes to the regulatory framework in the U.K., may increase substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. We may incur substantial expense in complying with the new obligations to be imposed by new regulations and we may be required to make significant changes to our software applications and expanding business operations, all of which may adversely affect our results of operations.
The GDPR restricts transfers of personal data outside of the EEA to differ materially fromthird countries deemed to lack adequate privacy protections, including the U.S., unless an appropriate safeguard specified by the GDPR is implemented, such as the Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”) approved by the European Commission, Binding Corporate Rules, and, until July 16, 2020, the Privacy Shield for EU-U.S. data transfers. In July 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU invalidated Privacy Shield, and also opined on compliance obligations for companies relying upon SCCs as their valid basis of transferring personal data outside of the EU. This decision led to uncertainty about the legal basis for personal data transfers out of the EU to the U.S. Potential new rules and restrictions on the transfer of data across borders could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our products and services in some markets. This decision could also give rise to operational interruption in the performance of services for customers and internal processing of employee information, regulatory liabilities or reputational harm.
In addition, California implemented the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) as of January 2020, which requires compliance measures similar to those projectedof the GDPR and establishes the first state standard for a comprehensive set of data privacy rights. The CCPA, among other things, gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. In November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). The CPRA, which is expected to take effect on January 1, 2023, significantly expands the CCPA, including by introducing additional obligations such as data minimization and storage limitations, granting additional rights to consumers such as correction of personal information and additional opt-out rights, and creates a new agency to implement and enforce the law. Several other states have proposed data privacy laws that would impose obligations on us with respect to how we collect and use personal data, including customer data. To comply with U.S. state laws and any data breach notification laws that vary across states, we may be required to invest in any forward-looking statement.additional resources or tools to manage our data processing activities. If we fail to comply with the requirements of U.S. data privacy and data breach notification laws, we may be subject to state monetary fines, consent decrees issued by the Federal Trade Commission or other regulatory enforcement agencies, and possible reputational damage.
Global Economic Conditions.The Company'sAdverse economic and geopolitical conditions may impact our operations and financial performance.
Our operations and performance depend significantly on global macroeconomic, specific foreign country and U.S. domestic economic conditions. UncertaintyAdverse conditions in the macroeconomic environment as well as geopolitical conditions, canmay result in significanta decreased demand for our products and services, constrained credit and liquidity, reduced government spending and volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets. This volatility and the related economic conditions may negatively impact the Company as customers defer spending in response to tighter credit, higher unemployment, financial market volatility, government austerity programs, negative financial news, declining valuations of investments and other factors. In addition, certain of the Company's customers' budgets may be constrainedsignificant downturns and they may be unable to purchase the Company's products at the same level as they havevolatility in prior periods. Customer spending levels may be impacted by decreased government spending in certain countries as concerns continue regarding economic conditions and government debt levels. These economic conditions can change abruptly. To the extent the global economy experiences volatility, the Company may be exposedexpose us to impairments of certain assets asif their values deteriorate.
Tighter credit due to economic conditions may diminish the Company'sour future borrowing ability. The Company's customers'ability and increase borrowing costs under our existing credit facilities. Customers' ability to pay for the Company'sour products and services may also be impaired, which maycould lead to an increase in the Company'sour allowance for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivable. Since the Company is exposed to the majority
Decline in Customers' Businesses.The Company's sales are based significantly on end-user demand for products in key industrial sectors. Many of these sectors periodically experience economic declines, which may be exacerbated by other economic factors. These factors may also adversely affect the Company's business by extending sales cycles and reducing revenue. These economic factors may cause the Company's customers to reduce the size of their workforce or cut back on operations and may lead to a reduction in renewals of licenses or maintenance contracts with the Company. The Company's customers may request discounts or extended payment terms on new products or seek to extend payment terms on existing contracts, all of which may cause fluctuations in the Company's future operating results. The Company may not be able to adjust its operating expenses to offset such fluctuations because a substantial portion of the Company's operating expenses are related to personnel, facilities and marketing programs. The level of personnel and related expenses may not be able to be adjusted quickly and is based, in significant part, on the Company's expectation for future revenue.
Risks Associated with International Activities. A majority of the Company'sour business comes from outside the United StatesU.S. and the Company hasour customers that supply a wide spectrumarray of goods and services in virtually allto most of the world'sworld’s major economic regions. If anyInternational revenue represented 53.8%, 57.9% and 60.9% of our total revenue for the foreignyears ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In fiscal year 2020, our largest geographic revenue bases were the U.S., Japan and Germany.
When the significant economies in which the Company doeswe do business deteriorate or suffer periodsa period of uncertainty, the Company'sour business and financial performance may be negatively impacted through reduced customer and government spending, changes in purchasing cycles or timing and reduced access to credit for itsour customers, among other events. Furthermore, customer spending levels in any foreign jurisdiction may be adversely impacted by changes in domestic policies, including tax and trade policies.
A substantial portion of our license and maintenance revenue is derived from annual lease and maintenance contracts, which typically have a high rate of customer renewal. When the rate of renewal for these contracts is adversely affected by economic or other factors, impacting the Company's international salesour lease license and collections. The Company's resultsmaintenance growth is adversely affected.
Foreign exchange rate fluctuations may also be negatively impacted by geopolitical tensions, which may result in increased economic volatility.adversely affect our consolidated financial statements.
As a result of itsour significant international presence, the Company haswe have revenue, expenses, cash, accounts receivable and payment obligations denominated in foreign currencies. As a result,currencies, most notably the Company is subject to currency exchange risk. The Company's revenuesEuro and Japanese Yen. Our operating results are adversely affected when the U.S. Dollar strengthens relative to otherforeign currencies and are positively affected when the U.S. Dollar weakens. As a result, changesweakens relative to foreign currencies. When the U.S. Dollar strengthens relative to other currencies, certain channel partners who pay us in U.S. Dollars may have trouble paying on time or may have trouble distributing our products due to the impact of the currency exchange rates will affect the Company's financial position, results of operations andfluctuation on their cash flows. In the event that there are economic declines in countries in which the Company conducts transactions, the resulting changes in currency exchange ratesThis may affect the Company's financial position, results of operationsimpact our ability to distribute our products into certain regions and cash flows. The Company is most impacted by movements in and among the Euro, Japanese Yen, South Korean Won, British Pound, Taiwan Dollar, Indian Rupee and U.S. Dollar. The Company seeksmarkets.
We seek to reduce our currency exchange transaction risks primarily through itsour normal operating and treasury activities, including derivative instruments, but there can be no assurance that itthese activities will be successful in reducing these risks.
In June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. The long-term impact of the decision is uncertain. As a result, the Company's businessaddition, we incur transaction fees in the United Kingdom and Europe could be adversely impacted due to political and economic instability, fluctuationsusage of such derivative instruments. Changes in currency exchange rates may adversely affect our consolidated financial statements.
A catastrophic event or infrastructure failure could result in the loss of business and adverse financial consequences.
A significant portion of our personnel, source code and computer equipment is located in each of California, Pennsylvania, British Columbia, India, Japan and throughout Europe. A natural disaster, cyberattack, terrorist act, pandemic, or other unforeseen catastrophe in any of these areas or a breakdown in our business infrastructure, such as an interruption in power supply, telephone system or information technology systems, could cause disruptions to our sales, operations, services and product development activities. As our sales are generally greater at the end of a quarter, the potential adverse effects resulting from any of these events would be accentuated if they occurred at quarter end.
Effective business continuity, disaster recovery and crisis management plans are critical to minimizing the impact of such unplanned or unexpected events. We also face increasing customer certification requirements with respect to such systems. Failure to establish plans that effectively mitigate the impacts of these disruptions or meet customer certification requirements could have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements.
See “The COVID-19 Pandemic” portion of this “Risk Factors” section for a description of the impact of the pandemic on us.
Industry Operational Risks
Our industry is highly competitive, which could result in downward pressure on our prices.
We continue to experience competition across all markets for our products and services. Some of our current and potential competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do, and some have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers. Our current and potential competitors also include firms that have competed, or may in the future compete, by means of open source licensing. Companies we have, or could have, strategic alliances with could reduce or discontinue technical, software development and marketing relationships with us for competitive purposes.
If our competitors offer deep discounts on certain products or services, or develop products that the marketplace considers more valuable, we may lower prices or offer discounts or other favorable terms to compete successfully. Our maintenance products, which include software license updates and product support fees, are generally priced as a percentage of new software license fees. Our competitors may offer lower percentage pricing on product updates and support. Some competitors may bundle software products for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing strategy or provide guarantees of prices, product
implementations or wider geographical license usage provisions. Any of these practices could, over time, significantly constrain the prices that we can charge for certain products.
Furthermore, if we do not adapt pricing models to reflect changes in lawscustomer usage of our products or changes in customer demand, our software license revenues could decrease. Additionally, increased distribution of applications through application service providers, including software-as-a-service providers, may reduce the average price of our products or adversely affect other sales of our products, reducing new software license revenues unless we can offset price reductions with volume increases.
These competitive pressures may result in decreased sales volumes, price reductions and/or increased operating costs, and regulations,could result in lower revenues, margins and net income.
We may not be successful in developing and marketing new products to adequately address the rapidly changing technology industry.
We operate in an industry generally characterized by rapidly changing technology and frequent new product introductions, which can render existing products obsolete or unmarketable. A major factor in our future success will be our ability to anticipate technological changes and to develop and introduce, in a timely manner, new products to meet those changes. Our ability to grow revenue will be dependent on our ability to respond to customer needs in the areas of, among others, 5G, autonomous vehicles, IIoT and electrification, and to leverage cloud computing and new computing platforms. In addition, our future success may depend on our ability to continue to develop a systems integrator ecosystem able to handle integrations and process and application development to address the challenge of the increasingly complex integration of our products’ different functionalities to address customers’ requirements. In addition, for those customers who authorize a third-party technology partner to access their data, we do not provide any warranty related to the functionality, security and integrity of the data transmission or processing. Despite contract provisions to protect us, customers may look to us to support and provide warranties for the third-party applications, integrations, data and content, even though not developed or sold by us, which may expose us to potential claims, liabilities and obligations, all of which could harm our business.
We devote substantial resources to research and development, which could cause our operating results to decline.
We devote substantial resources to research and development. New competitors, technological advances in the software development industry by us or our competitors, acquisitions, entry into new markets, or other factors. These riskscompetitive factors may require us to invest significantly greater resources than anticipated. If we are required to invest significantly greater resources than anticipated without a corresponding increase in revenue, operating results could decline. In addition, our periodic research and development expenses may be independent of our level of revenue, which could negatively impact financial results.
There can be no assurance that we will be successful in developing and marketing, on a timely basis, new products or product enhancements or that the Company'snew products will adequately address the changing needs of the marketplace or that we will successfully manage the transition from existing products. Software products as complex as those we offer may contain undetected errors, defects or vulnerabilities when first introduced or as new versions are released, and the likelihood of errors, defects or vulnerabilities is increased as a result of our commitment to the frequency of product releases. There can be no assurance that errors, defects or vulnerabilities will not be found in any new or enhanced products after the commencement of commercial shipments. The occurrence of any defects or errors in our products could result in lost or delayed market acceptance and sales of our products, delays in payment to us by customers, loss of customers or market share, product returns, damage to our reputation, diversion of our resources, increased service and warranty expenses or financial position, resultsconcessions, increased insurance costs, and liability for damages.
The price of our common stock is subject to volatility.
The market price of securities of software companies is subject to significant fluctuations. For example, our common stock price ranged from $200.07 to $369.82 per share during 2020. The valuation and trading price of our common stock may not be predictable. Factors that may adversely impact our share price include our failure to meet analyst expectations, reduced expectations regarding financial outlook, increases in our debt levels, changes in management or our material announcements or those of our competitors. In addition, volatility could result from causes that are unrelated to our operating performance such as conditions in the financial markets or the software industry generally.
Company Operational Risks
We are dependent upon our channel partners for a significant percentage of our revenue and usage of channel partners presents certain heightened compliance risks.
We distribute our products through a global network of independent channel partners, which accounted for 22.2%, 22.9% and 22.4% of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Channel partners sell our software products to new and existing customers, expand installations within the existing customer base, offer consulting services and provide the first line of technical support. In the APAC and EMEA regions, we are highly dependent upon our channel partners. Difficulties in ongoing relationships with channel partners, such as failure to meet performance criteria and differences in handling customer relationships, could adversely affect our performance. Additionally, the loss of any major channel partner, including a channel partner's decision to sell competing products rather than ours, could result in reduced revenue. Moreover, our future success will depend substantially on the ability and willingness of our channel partners to dedicate the resources necessary to understand and promote our expanding portfolio of products and to support a larger installed base within each of our geographic regions. If the channel partners are unable or unwilling to do so, we may be unable to sustain revenue growth.
We have been increasing the number of our channel partners, particularly in international locations. The business relationships with many of our channel partners are recently established and could result in additional compliance burdens for us. In addition, these new channel partners have a less-established payment history and revenue from these channel partners could come with a higher rate of bad debt expense. Where channel partners operate on our behalf to collect and process personal data of customer contacts, failure to comply with relevant data privacy laws in the handling of such personal data could result in liability to us for any fines, civil suits or non-financial performance obligations imposed by regulatory authorities on these partners with respect to our customer data.
Certain products require a higher level of sales and support expertise. Failure of our sales channel, particularly the independent channel partners, to obtain this expertise and to sell the new product offerings effectively could have an adverse impact on our sales in future periods. Any of these problems may result in the loss of or delay in customer acceptance, diversion of development resources, damage to our reputation, or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements.
We may not be able to realize the potential benefit of our acquisitions and such acquisitions could pose risks to our business.
We consummate acquisitions to support our long-term strategic direction. Our 2020 acquisitions included Lumerical and AGI and our 2019 acquisitions included Granta Design, Helic, DfR Solutions, LST and Dynardo.
Each acquisition that we complete may present risks, including: difficulty in integrating the management teams, strategies, cultures and operations of the companies or businesses; failing to achieve anticipated synergies, revenue increases or cost savings; difficulty incorporating and integrating the acquired technologies or products with our existing product lines; difficulty with sales, distribution and marketing functions; failure to develop new products and services that utilize the technologies and resources of the companies; disruption of our ongoing business and diversion of management's attention to transition or integration issues; liabilities that were not identified during the acquisition process; the loss of our key employees, customers, partners and channel partners or those of the acquired companies or businesses; and cybersecurity and data privacy risks.
Where customer contacts and leads are a significant consideration in the purchase price or expected financial outcome of an acquisition, failure to identify or mitigate data privacy concerns with the collection, use and retention of personal data may adversely impact our ability to use this information as anticipated and regulatory obligations may require that we delete all or a portion of the database, or take additional remediation measures before use. This may impact the value of the acquisition or reduce forecasted sales.
Future acquisitions may involve the expenditure of significant cash flows.resources; the incurrence of debt, which increases our interest expense and leverage; or the issuance of equity, which is dilutive to stockholders and may decrease earnings per share.
We allocate a portion of the purchase price to goodwill and intangible assets. If we do not realize all the economic benefits of an acquisition, there could be an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets. Furthermore, impairment charges are generally not tax-deductible and will result in an increased effective income tax rate in the period the impairment is recorded.
If we do not achieve the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by our management or the financial and industry analysts, there could be a significant adverse effect on our stock price, business and consolidated financial statements.
The ongoing implementation of a new functionality to the existing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system may not achieve the corporate benefits identified.
We are in the process of implementing new functionality in our existing (CRM) system. While this system is anticipated to automate and deliver operational efficiencies across the demand generation, sales cycle, order processing and customer service phases of the customer journey, to date this project has not achieved the anticipated benefits and there is a risk that the benefits could be further substantially delayed. There is also a risk that we will have to write off previously capitalized expenditures if the project is not successful or if implementation decisions regarding the project are modified. Factors that could further delay the timing of benefits realization include:
•changes in leadership and project objectives;
•additional needs for technical expertise and manpower; and
•longer than anticipated time horizon for employee adoption and mastery.
Any of the above could divert efforts of key operational management away from other aspects of the business, including the maintenance of the current CRM platform, and result in increased consulting and software costs. These factors could have a significant negative impact on our business and consolidated financial statements.
If we are unable to attract and retain key talent, our business could be adversely affected.
Our success depends upon the continued service of our senior executives and our key technical and sales employees. Most of these individuals could terminate their relationship with us at any time. The loss of any of them for which there has not been adequate knowledge-sharing and transfer might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives and could materially harm our business and customer relationships.
In May 2018, a new setaddition, because of data protection rules will go into effectthe highly technical nature of our products and services, we must attract and retain highly skilled engineering and development personnel. The market for this talent is highly competitive. We have difficulty filling these roles and our talent has been the subject of recruitment by our competitors. While we have non-competition and non-solicitation agreements with many of these individuals, the enforceability of these agreements may be limited by courts.
While we have historically recruited globally for positions in the European Union. These rules provide a unifiedU.S., in recent years our ability to do so has been curbed by more restrictive domestic immigration laws. If the immigration laws become even stricter or the processing of immigration requests becomes even more cumbersome or less efficient, or if we have less success in recruiting and comprehensive set of requirements for data protection of individuals within the European Union. The Company willretaining key personnel, our business, reputation and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
We may be subject to proceedings that could harm our business.
We are subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits and litigations, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. Use or distribution of our products could generate product liability, regulatory infraction, or similar claims by our customers, end users, channel partners, government entities or other third parties. Sales and marketing activities that impact processing of personal data, as well as measures taken to ensure license compliance, may also result in claims by customers and individual employees of customers. Each of these requirements, which include potentiallymatters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a significant monetary penalties for noncompliance. If the Company fails to comply with the new regulations, its reputationadverse effect on our consolidated financial statements as well as cause reputational damage.
We may suffer reputational or financial harm if we have product standard or quality issues.
We have separate quality systems and itsregistrations under the ISO 9001:2015 standard in addition to other governmental and industrial regulations. Our continued compliance with quality standards and favorable outcomes in periodic examinations is important to retain current customers and vital to procure new sales. If it was determined that we were not in compliance with various regulatory or ISO 9001 standards, our certificates of registration could be suspended, requiring remedial action and a time-consuming re-registration process. Product quality issues or failures could result in our reputation becoming diminished, resulting in a material adverse impact on our business and consolidated financial position, results of operationsstatements.
Our short-term and cash flows may be negatively impacted.
Additional risks inherent in the Company's international business activities include imposition of government controls; export license requirements; restrictions on the export of critical technology, products and services; the violation of anti-corruption laws and regulations, which are applicable to the Company, by third parties in countries where such conduct may be permissible or commonplace; political and economic instability; protectionist economic policies; changes in tariffs and taxes; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; changes in data privacy regulations; longer accounts receivable payment cycles; and the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations. Effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protectionlong-term sales forecast may not be availableaccurate, which could result in every foreign country in whichan adverse impact on our business and consolidated financial statements.
The software business is generally characterized by long sales cycles. These long sales cycles increase the Company sells its products and services. The Company's business, financial position, resultsdifficulty of operations and cash flows could be materially, adversely affected bypredicting sales for any of these risks.
Sales Forecasts. The Company makes manyparticular quarter. Many operational and strategic decisions are based upon short- and long-term sales
forecasts. The Company'sOur sales personnel continually monitor the status of all proposals, including the estimated closing date and the value of the sale, in order to forecast quarterly sales. These forecasts are subject to significant estimation and are impacted by many external factors, including global economic conditions and the performance of our customers. The heightened uncertainty resulting from the Company's customers. COVID-19 pandemic results in greater ranges and variability of these forecasts.
A variation in actual sales activity from that forecasted could cause the Companyus to plan or budget incorrectly and, therefore, could adversely affect the Company'shave a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Company's management teamstatements. Management also forecasts macroeconomic trends and developments and integrates them through long-range planning into budgets, research and development strategies and a wide variety of general management duties. Global economic conditions, and the effect those conditions and otherany disruptions in global markets have on the Company'sour customers, may have a significant impact on the accuracy of the Company'sour sales forecasts. These conditions may increase the likelihood or the magnitude of variations between actual sales activity and the Company'sour sales forecasts and, as a result, the Company'sour performance may be hindered because of a failure to properly match corporate strategy with economic conditions. This, in turn, may adversely affectcould have a significant adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial statements. To the Company's business, financial position, results of operationsextent our forecasts are incorrect and, cash flows.
Stock Market and Stock Price Volatility. Market prices for securities of software companies have generally been volatile. In particular, the market price of the Company's common stock has been, and may continue to be, subject to significant fluctuations as a result, of factors affectingwe fail to meet analyst expectations regarding financial performance or miss or reduce the Company, the software industry or the securities markets in general. Such factors include, but are not limitedfinancial guidance we give to declines in tradinginvestors, our share price that may be triggered by the Company's failure to meet the expectations of securities analysts and investors. Moreover, the trading price could be subject to additional fluctuations in response to quarter-to-quarter variations in the Company's operating results, material announcements made by the Company or its competitors, conditions in the financial markets or the software industry generally, or other events and factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control.adversely impacted.
Rapidly Changing Technology; New Products; Risk of Product Errors. The Company operates in an industry generally characterized by rapidly changing technology and frequent new product introductions, which can render existing products obsolete or unmarketable. A major factor in the Company's future success will be its ability to anticipate technological changes and to develop and introduce, in a timely manner, enhancements to its existing products, products acquired in acquisitions and new products to meet those changes. If the Company is unable to introduce new products and to respond quickly to industry changes, its business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be materially, adversely affected.Intellectual Property Risks
The introduction and marketing of new or enhanced products require the Company to manage the transition from existing products in order to minimize disruption in customer purchasing patterns. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing and marketing, on a timely basis, new products or product enhancements, that the new products will adequately address the changing needs of the marketplace or that the Company will successfully manage the transition from existing products. Software products as complex as those offered by the Company may contain undetected errors when first introduced, or as new versions are released, and the likelihood of errors is increased as a result of the Company's commitment to the frequency of its product releases. There can be no assurance that errors will not be found in any new or enhanced products after the commencement of commercial shipments. Certain products require a higher level of sales and support expertise. Failure of the Company's sales channel, particularly the indirect channel, to obtain this expertise and to sell the new product offerings effectively could have an adverse impact on the Company's sales in future periods. Any of these problems may result in the loss of or delay in customer acceptance, diversion of development resources, damage to the Company's reputation, or increased service and warranty costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Product Quality. The Company has separate quality systems and registrations under the ISO 9001:2008 standard, in addition to other governmental and industrial regulations. The Company's continued compliance with quality standards and favorable outcomes in periodic examinations is important to retain current customers and vital to procure new sales. If the Company was determined not to be compliant with various regulatory or ISO 9001/9000 standards, its certificates of registration could be suspended, requiring remedial action and a time-consuming re-registration process. Product quality issues or failures could result in the Company's reputation becoming diminished, resulting in a material adverse impact on revenue, operating margins, net income, financial position and cash flows.
Competition. The Company continues to experience competition across all markets for its products and services. Some of the Company's current and possible future competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than the Company, and some have well-established relationships with current and potential customers of the Company. The Company's current and possible future competitors also include firms that have competed or may in the future elect to compete by means of open source licensing. Parties among the Company's current or future strategic alliances may diminish or sever technical, software development and marketing relationships with the Company for competitive purposes. These competitive pressures may result in decreased sales volumes, price reductions and/or increased operating costs, and could result in lower revenues, margins and net income.
Changes in the Company's Pricing Models. The intense competition the Company faces in the sales of its products and services, and general economic and business conditions, can put pressure on the Company to adjust its prices. If the Company's competitors offer deep discounts on certain products or services, or develop products that the marketplace considers more valuable, the Company may need to lower prices or offer discounts or other favorable terms in order to compete successfully. Any such changes may reduce operating margins and could adversely affect operating results. The Company's maintenance products, which include software license updates and product support fees, are generally priced as a percentage of its new software license fees. The Company's competitors may offer lower percentage pricing on product updates and support that could put pressure on the Company to further discount its new license or product support prices.
Any broad-based change to the Company's prices and pricing policies could cause new software license and service revenues to decline or be delayed as its sales force implements and its customers adjust to the new pricing policies. Some of the Company's competitors may bundle software products for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing strategy or provide guarantees of prices, product implementations or wider geographical license usage provisions. These practices could, over time, significantly constrain the prices that the Company can charge for certain products. If the Company does not adapt its pricing models to reflect changes in customer use of its products or changes in customer demand, the Company's new software license revenues could decrease. Additionally, increased distribution of applications through application service providers, including software-as-a-service providers, may reduce the average price for the Company's products or adversely affect other sales of the Company's products, reducing new software license revenues unless the Company can offset price reductions with volume increases. The increase in open source software distribution may also cause the Company to adjust its pricing models.
Dependence on Senior Management and Key Technical Personnel. The Company's success depends upon the continued services of the Company's senior executives, key technical employees and other employees. Each of the Company's executive officers, key technical personnel and other employees could terminate his or her relationship with the Company at any time. The loss of any of the Company's senior executives might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of the Company's business objectives and could materially harm the Company's business and customer relationships.
In addition, because of the highly technical nature of the Company's products, the Company must attract and retain highly skilled engineering and development personnel, many of whom are recruited from outside of the United States. The market for this talent is highly competitive. The Company is limited in its ability to recruit internationally by restrictive domestic immigration laws. If the immigration laws become stricter or if the Company has less success in recruiting and retaining key personnel, the Company's business, reputation and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Dependence on Proprietary Technology. The Company'sOur success is highly dependent upon itsthe legal protection of our proprietary technology. The Company generally relies on
We primarily rely upon contracts, and the laws of copyrights, patents, trademarkscopyright, patent, trademark, and trade secrets laws to protect itsour technology. The Company maintains aWe maintain intellectual property programs, including applying for patents, registering trademarks and copyrights, protecting trade secrets, program, entersentering into confidentiality agreements with itsour employees and channel partners, and limitslimiting access to and distribution of itsour software, documentation, and other proprietary information. There can be no assuranceHowever, software programs are particularly prone to piracy, which is a global phenomenon, and as a result we may lose revenue from piracy or usage and distribution of unlicensed software. Additionally, patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret protection do not provide the same coverage in every country in which we sell our products and services. Policing the unauthorized distribution and use of our products is difficult, and software piracy (including online piracy) is a persistent problem. While we continue to develop better mechanisms to detect and report or investigate unauthorized use of our software, we are also constrained by data privacy laws that restrict our ability to collect data about unlawful usage in some countries. We cannot assure that the steps taken by the Companywe take to protect itsour proprietary technology will beare adequate to prevent misappropriation of its technologyour software by third parties, or that third parties will not be able tocopy our technology or develop similar technology independently. independently to compete with our products. Despite our efforts to prevent such activities, we may nonetheless lose significant revenue due to illegal use of our software or technology.
Costly and time-consuming litigation couldwould be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of trade secret rights and related confidentiality and nondisclosure provisions. Although the Company is not aware that any of its technology infringes upon the rights ofprovisions across our contractual agreements and partnerships. In addition, third parties there can be no assurance that other parties will not assert technologymay subject us to infringement claims with respect to their intellectual property rights. Any such litigation could be costly to defend, damage our reputation, and distract our employees from their daily work. Any successful infringement claims asserted against us could require us to develop technology workarounds for the Companyimpacted technologies, products, or that, if asserted,solutions, which could be costly, disrupt product development, and delay go-to-market activities. Such disruption and delay could negatively impact our financial results.
We may not be able to continue to obtain licenses to third-party software and intellectual property on reasonable terms or at all, which may disrupt our business and harm our financial results.
We license third-party software and other intellectual property for use in product research and development and, in several instances, for inclusion in our products. We also license third-party software, including the software of our competitors, to test the interoperability of our products with other industry products and in connection with our solutions and professional services. These licenses may need to be renegotiated or renewed from time to time, or we may need to obtain new licenses in the future. Third parties may stop adequately supporting or maintaining their technology, or they or their technology may be acquired by our competitors who elect to terminate our contractual relationship. If we are unable to obtain licenses to such claims willthird-party software and intellectual property on reasonable terms or at all, we may not prevail.
Risks Associated with Securitybe able to sell the affected products, our customers’ usage of the Company's Products, Source Codeproducts may be interrupted, or our product development processes and IT Systems. The Company makes significantprofessional services offerings may be disrupted, which could in turn harm our financial results, our customers' ability to utilize our software, and our reputation.
Cybersecurity Risks
Cyberattacks and security vulnerabilities could lead to reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims, or harm to our reputation.
While we undertake commercially reasonable efforts to maintain and improve the security and integrity of itsour products, source code, computer systems and data. Despite significant effortsdata with respect to create security barriers tothe relative sensitivity of such programs, it is virtually impossible forsoftware, systems and data, the Company to entirely mitigate this risk. There appears to be an increasing number of computer “hackers” developing and deploying a variety of destructive software programs (such as viruses, worms and the like) that could attack the Company'sour products and computer systems. As a result, the Company maysystems continues to increase. We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to increase personnel and technology to prevent such attacks.enhance our cybersecurity efforts. Because the techniquestactics and tools used to obtain unauthorized access to networks or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, the Companyconstantly evolving, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventativepreventive measures. Like all software products, the Company's software is vulnerable to such attacks. The impact of suchSuch an attack could disrupt the proper functioning of the Company's softwareour products, cause errors in the output of itsour customers' work, or allow unauthorized access to and disclosure of our sensitive, proprietary or confidential information or that of the Company or itsour customers and result in other destructive outcomes. If this wereemployees. In the event of a serious breach of our products or systems, or where a breach occurs due to occur, the Company'sour failure to implement reasonable and appropriate safeguards, our reputation may suffer, customers may stop buying products the Companyor may terminate current services, we could face lawsuits and potential civil liability, as well as regulatory fines and the Company'snon-financial penalties for any personal data breach, and our financial performance could be negatively impacted.
There is also a danger of industrial espionage, cyber-attacks,cyberattacks, misuse, theft of information or assets (including source code), or damage to assets by people who have gained unauthorized access to the Company'sour facilities, systems or information. This includes access to systems or information through email phishing attacks on our employees which has become a very prevalent technique.technique used against companies, often delaying detection through increasingly complex practices. The objective of these attacks is often to acquire user account credentials in order to access other computer systems through linked accounts or where users have recycled passwords across systems. Additionally, the recent attack against SolarWinds, in which hackers inserted malware into a SolarWinds software update, highlights the growing risk from the infection of software while it is under assembly, known as a supply chain attack. As a software provider, we could become a vector for a similar style attack or could become the subject of one through a supply chain compromise.
Inadequate security practices or inadvertent acts or omissions by our employees and partners may also result in unauthorized access to our data. Employees or third parties may also intentionally compromise our or our customers’ security or systems. Such cybersecurity breaches, misuse of data or other disruptions could lead to theloss of or unauthorized disclosure of portions of the Company's productour source code or other confidential information, improper usageunlicensed use and distribution of the Company'sour products without compensation, illegal usageuse of the Company'sour products whichthat could jeopardize the security of customer information stored in and transmitted through itsour computer systems, and theft, manipulation and destruction of private and proprietary data, resulting in defective products, performance downtimes and production downtimes.possible violation of export laws and other regulatory compliance requirements. Although the Companywe actively employsemploy measures to combat unlicensed copying, access and use of software and intellectual property through a variety of techniques,such activities, preventing unauthorized use or infringement of the Company's rightsaccess to our systems and data is inherently difficult. These events could adversely affect the Company's financial resultsIn addition, litigation to either pursue our legal rights or could result in significantdefend any claims for damages against it. Participating in lawsuits to protect against any such unauthorized access to, usage of or disclosure of any of the Company's products or any portion of the Company's product source code, or in prosecutions in connection with any such cybersecurity breach,us could be costly and time-consuming and may divert management's attention and adversely affect the market's perception of the Companyus and itsour products.
Policing the unauthorized distributionWe have experienced targeted and use of the Company's products is difficult,non-targeted cybersecurity attacks and software piracy (including online piracy) is a persistent problem. The proliferation of technology designed to circumvent typical software protection measures usedincidents in the Company's products,past that have resulted in unauthorized persons gaining access to our information and systems, and we could in the possibility of methods that circumvent the techniques it employs in its products, may lead to an expansion in piracyfuture experience similar attacks. To date, no cybersecurity incident or misuse of its products and intellectual property. Asattack has had a result, and despite the Company's efforts to prevent such activities and to prosecute instances of such activities, the Company may nonetheless lose significant revenue due to illegal use of its software, and management's attention may be diverted to address specific instances of piracymaterial impact on our business or misuse, or to address piracy and misuse in general.consolidated financial statements.
A number of the Company'sour core processes, such as software development, sales and marketing, customer service and financial transactions, rely on its IT infrastructure and applications. The CompanyWe also relies uponrely on third-party service providers and products, which are exposed to various security vulnerabilities.vulnerabilities outside of our control. Malicious software, sabotage and other cybersecurity breaches of the types discussed above could cause an outage of the Company'sour infrastructure, which could cause short-term disruption in operations or, in the event of a longer disruption, lead to a substantial denial of service to our customers and ultimately to production downtime, recovery costs and customer claims. This could have a significant negativeclaims for breach of contract, as well as reputational damage and impact to employee morale and productivity.
We rely on the Company's business, financial position, profitservice providers for infrastructure and cash flows.cloud-based products.
The Company has implementedWe use a number of measures designedthird-party service providers, which we do not control, for key components of our infrastructure, particularly with respect to ensure thedevelopment and delivery of our cloud-based products. The utilization of these service providers gives us greater flexibility in efficiently delivering a more tailored, scalable customer experience, but also exposes us to additional risks and vulnerabilities. Third-party service providers operate their own platforms that we access, and we are, therefore, vulnerable to their service interruptions. We may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time as a result of problems with our third-party service providers’ infrastructure. Lack of availability of this infrastructure could be due to a number of potential causes including technical failures, natural disasters, fraud or security of its information, IT resources and other assets. Nonetheless, unauthorized users could gain access to its systems through cyber-attacks and steal, use without authorization, and sabotage the Company's intellectual property and confidential data. Any breach of its IT security, misuseattacks that we cannot predict or theftprevent. Such outages could lead to lossthe triggering of production, recovery costsour service level agreements and
the issuance of credits to our cloud-based product customers, which may impact our business and consolidated financial statements. In addition, those of our products and services that depend upon hosted components are vulnerable to security risks inherent in web-based technologies, including greater risk of unauthorized access to or litigation broughtuse of customers’ protected data. Interception of data transmission, misappropriation or modification of data, corruption of data and attacks by employees, customersbad actors against our service providers may also adversely affect our products or product and service delivery. Malicious code, viruses or vulnerabilities that are undetected by our service providers may disrupt our business partners, which could have a significant negative impact on the Company's business, financial position, profit, cash flowsoperations generally and reputation.
Implementation of IT Systems. The Company is currently implementing a new Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. While this system is anticipated to simplify the sales and order processing efforts and to enhance customer service, there is a risk that the project will not achieve the anticipated benefits or that the benefits will not be achieved as quickly as anticipated. There is also a risk that the Company will have to write off previously capitalized expenditures if the project is not successful or if implementation decisions regarding the project are modified. The project implementation timeline and scope may change and become longer and broader as new facets of the design and implementation efforts are undertaken. This may take the attention of key operational management away from other aspects of the business, including the integration of acquisitions, and also result in increased consulting and software costs. These factors may have a significant negative impactdisproportionate effect on the Company's business, financial position, profit, cash flowsthose of our products that are developed and reputation.
Dependence on Channel Partners. The Company continues to distribute a meaningful portion of its products through its global network of independent, regional channel partners. The channel partners sell the Company's software products to new and existing customers, expand installations within the existing customer base, offer consulting services and provide the first line of technical support. Consequently, in certain geographies, the Company is highly dependent upon the efforts of the channel partners. Difficulties in ongoing relationships with channel partners, such as failure to meet performance criteria or to promote the Company's products as aggressively as the Company expects, and differencesdelivered in the handlingcloud environment. If our security, or that of any of our third-party service providers, is compromised, our software is unavailable or our customers are unable to use our software within a reasonable amount of time or at all, then our business and financial statements could be adversely affected.
These risks, though largely outside our control, may impact customer perception of our products, service and support, and may damage our brand. While we devote resources to maintaining the security and integrity of our products and systems, as well as ensuring adequate due diligence for our third-party service providers, cloud security and reliability is inherently challenging. In the event of a material breach of data hosted by our service providers or a serious security incident on behalf of, caused by or experienced by a service provider, we may experience significant operational and technical difficulties, loss of data including customer data, diminished competitive position or reputation, and loss of customer relationships, could adversely affect the Company's performance. Additionally, the loss of any major channel partner for any reason, including a channel partner's decision to sell competing products rather than the Company's products, could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Moreover, the Company's future success will depend substantially on the ability and willingness of its channel partners to continue to dedicate the resources necessary to promote the Company's portfolio of products and to support a larger installed base of the Company's products. If the channel partners are unable or unwilling to do so, the Company may be unable to sustain revenue growth.
The Company has been increasing its number of channel partners, particularly in international locations. The business relationships with these channel partners are recently established andengagement, which could result in additional compliance burdenscivil liabilities and a negative impact to financial performance. It is also possible that our customers and potential customers would hold us accountable for the Company. These partners also haveany breach of security affecting a less-established payment historythird-party service provider’s infrastructure and we may incur significant liability from those customers and from third parties with the Company and revenue fromrespect to any breach affecting these partners could come with a higher rate of bad debt expense.
During times of significant fluctuations in world currencies, certain channel partners may have solvency issues to the extent that effective hedge strategies are not employed or there is not sufficient working capital. In particular, if the U.S. Dollar strengthens relative to other currencies, certain channel partners who pay the Company in U.S. Dollars may have trouble paying the Company on time or may have trouble distributing the Company's products due to the impact of the currency exchange fluctuation on such channel partner's cash flows. This may impact the Company's ability to distribute its products into certain regions and markets, and may have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and cash flows.
Reliance on Perpetual Licenses. Although the Company has historically maintained stable recurring revenue from the sale of software lease licenses and software maintenance subscriptions, it also has relied on sales of perpetual licenses that involve the payment of a single, up-front fee. Historically, these licenses have been more typical in the computer software industry and remain as the preferred licensing approach in certain markets. While revenue generated from software lease licenses and software maintenance subscriptions currently represents a portion of the Company's revenue, to the extent that perpetual license revenue continues to represent a significant percentage of total revenue, the Company's revenue in any period will depend significantly on sales completed during that period. If customer purchasing patterns shift toward a stronger preference for lease licenses and fewer perpetual licenses, as the Company has recently experienced, there could be a short-term, adverse impact on the Company's revenue and profitability.
Renewal Rates for Annual Lease and Maintenance Contracts. A substantial portion of the Company's license and maintenance revenue is derived from annual lease and maintenance contracts. These contracts are generally renewed on an annual basis and typically have a high rate of customer renewal. In addition to the recurring revenue base associated with these contracts, a majority of customers purchasing new perpetual licenses also purchase related annual maintenance contracts. If the rate of renewal for these contracts is adversely affected by economic or other factors, the Company's license and maintenance growth will be adversely affected over the term that the revenue for those contracts would have otherwise been recognized. As a result, the Company's business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows may also be adversely impacted during those periods.
Risks Associated with Acquisitions. Historically, the Company has consummated acquisitions in order to support the Company's long-term strategic direction, accelerate innovation, provide increased capabilities to existing products, supply new products and services, expand its customer base and enhance its distribution channels. The Company has completed a number of acquisitions in recent years and expects to make additional acquisitions in the future, butsystems. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or, if suitable candidates are identified,recover a material portion of our liabilities to our customers and third parties from a third-party cloud provider.
Financial Risks
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In connection with our acquisitions of AGI and LST, we have outstanding borrowings of $375.0 million and $425.0 million, respectively, under term loan facilities which mature on November 1, 2024. We also have access to a $500.0 million revolving credit facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the Companyissuance of letters of credit. The credit agreements governing these loans contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The credit agreements also contain a financial covenant requiring us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio of indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization not exceeding 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.
Notwithstanding the limits contained in the credit agreements governing our term loan facilities and credit facility, we may not be able to completeincur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our level of debt could intensify. Specifically, our level of debt could:
•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our debt obligations and other ongoing business combination on commercially acceptable terms. The process of exploring and pursuing acquisition opportunitiesobligations, which may result in devotion of significant management and financial resources.defaults;
Even if the Company is able to consummate acquisitions that it believes will be successful, such transactions present many risks including, among others, difficulty in integrating the management teams, strategies, cultures and operations of the companies; failing to achieve anticipated synergies and revenue increases; difficulty incorporating and integrating the acquired technologies or products with the Company's existing product lines; difficulty in coordinating, establishing or expanding sales, distribution and marketing functions, as necessary; difficulty in training the global sales team to sell the acquired products; failure to develop new products and services that utilize the technologies and resources of the companies; disruption of the Company's ongoing business and diversion of management's attention to transition or integration issues; unanticipated and unknown liabilities; the loss of key employees, customers, partners and channel partners of the Company or of the acquired company, resulting in the loss of key information, expertise or know-how, and unanticipated additional recruitment and training costs; infringement of intellectual property rights; and difficulties implementing and maintaining sufficient controls, policies and procedures over the systems, products and processes of the acquired company. If the Company does not achieve the anticipated benefits of its acquisitions as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by the Company's management and financial or industry analysts, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company's stock price, business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, for companies acquired, limited experience will exist for several quarters following the acquisition relating to how the acquired company's sales pipelines will convert into sales or revenues, and the conversion rate post-acquisition may be quite different than the historical conversion rate. Because a substantial portion of the Company's sales are completed in the latter part of a quarter, and its cost structure is largely fixed in the short-term, revenue shortfalls may have a negative impact on the Company's profitability. A delay in a small number of large, new software license transactions could cause the Company's quarterly software license revenues to fall significantly short of its predictions.
The Company may periodically be involved in business combinations with enterprises that are developmental in nature. While these entities have leading-edge technology, they may not have developed direct or indirect distribution channels and may not have software revenues which cover the ongoing expenses. Therefore, the Company may have a decrease in operating margin and profitability while these types of acquisitions are integrated and the distribution channel incorporates the new product offerings.
Disruption of Operations or Infrastructure Failures. A significant portion of the Company's software development personnel, source code and computer equipment is located at operating facilities in the United States, Canada, India, Japan and throughout Europe. The occurrence of a natural disaster or other unforeseen catastrophe at any of these facilities could cause interruptions in the Company's operations, services and product development activities. Additionally, if the Company experiences problems that impair its business infrastructure, such as a computer virus, telephone system failure or an intentional disruption of its information technology systems by a third party, these interruptions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and the ability to meet financial reporting deadlines. Further, because the Company's sales are not generally linear during any quarterly period, the potential adverse effects resulting from any of the events described above or any other disruption of the Company's business could be accentuated if it occurs close to the end of a fiscal quarter.
Risks Associated with Significant Sales to Existing Customers. A significant portion of the Company's sales includes follow-on sales to existing customers that invest in the Company's broad suite of engineering simulation software and services. If a significant number of current customers were to become dissatisfied with the Company's products and services, or choose to license or utilize competitive offerings, the Company's follow-on sales, and recurring lease and maintenance revenues, could be materially, adversely impacted, resulting in reduced revenue, operating margins, net income and cash flows.
Industry Consolidation. Consolidation in industries that utilize the Company’s software may •result in combined workforces
where economiesan event of scale and synergies are achieved, and fewer ANSYS software licenses are required. Consolidation may
also result in the newly combined/surviving entity wanting the most favorable pricing from the former contracts and expecting
larger volume discounts on future purchases. If a customer is acquired by an entity that does not utilize ANSYS in favor of a competing product, the Company may not have future orders from the enterprise. Further, consolidation of the Company's competitors may result in synergies that allow those competitors to benefit from broader sales channels and increased access to capital. Any of these impacts could adversely affect the Company's business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Periodic Reorganization of Sales Force. The Company relies heavily on its direct sales force. From time to time, the Company reorganizes and makes adjustments to its sales leadership and/or its sales force in response to such factors as management changes, performance issues, market opportunities and other considerations. These changes may result in a temporary lack of sales production and may adversely impact revenue in future quarters. There can be no assurance that the Company will not restructure its sales force in future periods or that the transition issues associated with such a restructuring will not occur.
Regulatory Compliance. Like all other public companies, the Company is subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC, including those that require the Company to report on and receive an attestation from its independent registered public accounting firm regarding the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Compliance with these requirements causes the Company to incur additional expenses and causes management to divert time from the day-to-day operations of the Company. While the Company anticipates being able to fully comply with these requirements,default if it is not ablewe fail to comply with the reportingfinancial and other covenants contained in the agreement governing our debt, which could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable or attestation requirements relatingrequire us to internal control overnegotiate an amendment to financial reporting,or other covenants that could cause us to incur additional fees and expenses;
•limit our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;
•reduce the Company may be subjectavailability of our cash flow to sanctions byfund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
•increase our vulnerability to the SECimpact of adverse economic and industry conditions;
•expose us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under the credit facility, are at variable rates of interest;
•limit our flexibility in planning for, or NASDAQ. Such sanctionsreacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industries in which we operate, and the overall economy;
•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors;
•increase our cost of borrowing; and
•increase our effective tax rate as interest expense could divert the attentionbecome non-deductible
Any of the Company's management from implementing its business plan andabove-listed factors could have an adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.
As the Company's stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, the Company is subject to the ongoing financial and corporate governance requirements of NASDAQ. While the Company anticipates being able to fully comply with these requirements, if it is not able to comply, the Company's name may be published on NASDAQ's daily Non-Compliant Companies list until NASDAQ determines that it has regained compliance or the Company no longer trades on NASDAQ. If the Company was unable to return to compliance with the governance requirements of NASDAQ, the Company may be delisted from the NASDAQ Global Select Market, which could have an adverse effect on the market value of the Company's equity securities and the ability to raise additional capital.
Governmental Revenue Sources. The Company's sales to the United States government must comply with Federal Acquisition Regulations. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in penalties being assessed against the Company or an order preventing the Company from making future sales to the United States government. Further, the Company's international activities must comply with the export control laws of the United States and other countries, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010 and a variety of other laws and regulations of the United States and other countries in
which the Company operates. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could adversely affect the Company'sour business, financial position,condition and results of operations and cash flows.our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt agreements.
In certain circumstances,Furthermore, borrowings under the United States government, statecredit agreement use the London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate. LIBOR has been the subject of recent national, international and local governmentsother regulatory guidance and their respective agencies,proposals for reform, and certain foreign governments may have the rightfinancial industry is currently transitioning away from LIBOR as a benchmark for the interbank lending market. The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted but could include an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.
Changes to terminate contractual arrangements at any time, without cause. The United States, European Uniontax laws, variable tax estimates and certain other government contracts, as well as the Company's statetax authority audits could impact our financial results and local level contracts,operations.
Our operations are subject to income and transaction taxes in the approval of appropriations or funding authorizations. Certain of these contracts permitU.S. and in multiple foreign jurisdictions. A change in the imposition of various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions,tax law in the jurisdictions in which we do business, including but not limited to, termination of contracts, refund of a portion of fees received, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from future government business, any of which could havean increase in tax rates, an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and cash flows.
Contingencies. The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arisechange in the ordinary coursetreatment of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters,an item of income or expense, or a decrease in tax audits, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could materially affect the Company's results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
Income Tax Estimates. The Company makes significant estimates in determining its worldwide income tax provision. These estimates involve complex tax regulationsrates in a number of jurisdictions across the Company's global operations and are subject to many transactions and calculationsjurisdiction in which the ultimatewe have significant deferred tax outcome is uncertain. The final outcome of tax mattersassets, could be different than the estimates reflectedresult in the historical income tax provision and related accruals. Such differences could have a material impact on incomeincrease in tax expense and net income in the periods in which such determinations are made.
The amount of income tax paid by the Company is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits can result in additional assessments, including interest and penalties. The Company's estimate for liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions is highly judgmental and actual future outcomes may result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to the Company's estimated tax liabilities, including estimates for uncertain tax positions, in the period the assessments are made or resolved, audits are closed or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire. As a result, the Company's effective tax rate may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly or annual basis.
The Company allocates a portion of its purchase price to goodwill and intangible assets. Impairment charges associated with goodwill are generally not tax-deductible and will result in an increased effective income tax rate in the period the impairment is recorded. The Company hasexpense. Furthermore, we have recorded significant deferred tax liabilities related to acquired intangible assets that are not deductible for tax purposes. These deferred tax liabilities are based on future statutory tax rates in the locations in which the intangible assets are recorded. Any future changes in statutory tax rates would be recorded as an adjustment to the deferred tax liabilities in the period the change is announced and could have a material impact on the Company'sour effective tax rate during that period.
ChangesWe also make significant estimates in Tax Law. The Company's operationsdetermining our worldwide income tax provision. These estimates involve complex tax regulations in many jurisdictions and are subject to incomemany transactions and transaction taxes in the United States and in multiple foreign jurisdictions. A change in the tax law in the jurisdictionscalculations in which the Company does business, including an increase inultimate tax rates, an adverse changeoutcome is uncertain. The outcome of tax matters could be different than the estimates reflected in the treatment of an item ofhistorical income or expense, or a decrease in tax rates in a jurisdiction in which the Company has significant deferred tax assets, could result in a material increase in tax expense. Currently, a substantial portion of the Company's revenue is generated from customers located outside the United States, and a substantial portion of assets are located outside the United States. Changes in existing taxation rules or practices, new taxation rules, or varying interpretations of current taxation practices could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or the manner in which the Company conducts its business.
The U.S. government's enactment of comprehensive tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, could cause management to divert time from the day-to-day operations of the Company, which could impact the Company's business. If the Company is unable to successfully transition its business systems, processes and internal controls, it could impact the ability to meet financial reporting deadlines.
The Company has significant operations in India. There have been court rulings concerning certain Indian tax laws that have been inconsistent with tax positions taken by the Company and inconsistent with the advice provided to the Company by its tax advisors.
An Indian subsidiary of the Company has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. The Company could incur tax chargesprovision and related liabilities of approximately $7.5 million. The service tax issues raised in the Company’s notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. Vs Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) has passed a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The Company can provide no assurances on whether the Microsoft case’s favorable ruling will be challenged in higher courts or on the impact that the present Microsoft case’s decision will have on the Company’s cases. The Company is uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded.
Other court cases are pending in India thataccruals. Such differences could have a material impact on income tax expense and net income in the Company's financial position, resultsperiods in which such determinations are made.
The amount of operationsincome tax we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and cash flows if the ultimate outcome of those cases is similarly inconsistentforeign tax authorities. These audits can result in additional assessments, including interest and penalties. Our estimates for liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions taken byis highly judgmental and actual future outcomes may result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities, including estimates for uncertain tax positions, in the Company.
A French subsidiaryperiod the assessments are made or resolved, audits are closed or when statutes of the Company previously received notice that the French taxing authority rejected the Company's 2012 research and development credit. The Company contested the decision and received a favorable outcome during the first half of 2017. There are currently no challenges to other years' research and development credits for this subsidiary; however, other years are subject to future review and audit.
Changes in Existing Financial Accounting Standards. Changes in existing accounting rules or practices, new accounting pronouncements, or varying interpretations of current accounting pronouncements could have a significant adverse effectlimitation on the Company's results of operations or the manner in which the Company conducts its business.
In addition, the Company could incur significant costs for changes to its business systems, processes and internal controls aspotential assessments expire. As a result, of the transition. These costs could haveour effective tax rate may fluctuate significantly on a significant adverse impact on the Company's results of operations and cash flows. The transition could also cause management to divert time from the day-to-day operations of the Company, which could impact the Company's business. If the Company is unable to successfully transition its business systems, processes and internal controls before the guidance effective date, it could impact the ability to meet financial reporting deadlines. For further information on the impact of recently issued accounting guidance on the Company, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.quarterly or annual basis.
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ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
The Company has received no written comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the SEC that were issued 180 days or more preceding the end of our fiscal year 2017 and that remain unresolved.ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
The Company'sITEM 2.PROPERTIES
Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a LEED certified, 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The lease for this facility was effective as of September 14, 2012 and expires on December 31, 2029.2029, excluding any renewal or termination options.
The Company owns:We own: a 70,000 square foot office facility in Lebanon, New Hampshire; a 62,000 square foot office building near itsour current Canonsburg headquarters; and a 59,000 square foot facility in Pune, India.India; a 40,000 square foot campus in Livermore, California; and a 5,000 square foot facility in Apex, North Carolina. These properties are used as general office space and/or data centers.
The Company and its subsidiariesWe also lease office space in various locations throughout the world. The Company ownsWe own substantially all equipment used in itsour facilities. Management believes that in most geographic locations, itsour facilities generally allow for sufficient space to support present and future foreseeable needs, including such expansion and growth as the business may require. In other geographic locations, the Company expects that it will be required to expand capacity beyond that which it currently owns or leases.
The Company'sOur properties and equipment are in good operating condition and are adequate for the Company'sour current needs. The Company doesWe do not anticipate difficulty in renewing existing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities.
The Company isITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. In theour opinion, of the Company, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company'sour consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect the Company'sour results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
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ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II
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ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
The Company'sITEM 5.MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock trades on the NASDAQNasdaq Global Select Market tier of the NASDAQNasdaq Stock Market under the symbol: "ANSS". The following table sets forth the low and high sale prices of the Company's common stock in each of the Company's last eight fiscal quarters:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fiscal Quarter Ended 2017 | | Fiscal Quarter Ended 2016 |
| | | Low Sale Price | | High Sale Price | | Low Sale Price | | High Sale Price |
| December 31 | | $ | 123.16 |
| | $ | 155.14 |
| | $ | 82.28 |
| | $ | 96.21 |
|
| September 30 | | $ | 119.20 |
| | $ | 132.74 |
| | $ | 88.30 |
| | $ | 98.99 |
|
| June 30 | | $ | 104.65 |
| | $ | 129.85 |
| | $ | 81.41 |
| | $ | 92.48 |
|
| March 31 | | $ | 91.89 |
| | $ | 108.92 |
| | $ | 80.51 |
| | $ | 91.62 |
|
On February 19, 2018,10, 2021, there were 139284 stockholders of record. On December 5, 2017, there were 78,301 beneficial holders of the Company's common stock.
The Company hasWe have not historically paid cash dividends on itsour common stock as it haswe have retained earnings primarily for acquisitions, for future business opportunities, to make payments on outstanding debt balances and to repurchase stock when authorized by the Board of Directors and when such repurchase meets the Company'sour objectives. The Company reviews itsWe review our policy with respect to the payment of dividends from time to time; however, there can be no assurance that any dividends will be paid in the future.
Performance Graph
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company'sof our common stock, based on the market price per share of the Company'sour common stock, with the total return of companies included within the NASDAQNasdaq Composite Stock Market Index, the Russell 1000Nasdaq 100 Stock Market Index, the S&P 500 Stock Index and an industry peer group of fourseven companies (Autodesk, Inc., PTC Inc., Cadence Design Systems, Inc., Synopsys, Inc., Altair Engineering Inc., Aspen Technology, Inc. and Synopsys, Inc.) selected by the Company pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K,Dassault Systemes SE) for the period commencing December 31, 20122015 and ending December 31, 2017. Due to the fact that the Company is now included in the S&P 500 Stock Index, the SEC's rules require the use of that index for the required five-year graph.2020. The calculation of total cumulative returns assumes a $100 investment in the Company'sour common stock, the NASDAQNasdaq Composite Stock Market Index, the Russell 1000Nasdaq 100 Stock Market Index, the S&P 500 Stock Index and the peer group on December 31, 2012,2015, and the reinvestment of all dividends, and accounts for all stock splits. The historical information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
ASSUMES $100 INVESTED ON DECEMBER 31, 20122015
ASSUMES DIVIDENDS REINVESTED
FIVE FISCAL YEARS ENDINGENDED DECEMBER 31, 20172020
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of December 31, |
| 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2020 |
| ANSYS, Inc. | $100 | | $100 | | $160 | | $155 | | $278 | | $393 |
| Nasdaq Composite | $100 | | $109 | | $141 | | $137 | | $187 | | $272 |
Nasdaq 100(1) | $100 | | $107 | | $143 | | $143 | | $199 | | $296 |
| S&P 500 Stock Index | $100 | | $112 | | $136 | | $130 | | $171 | | $203 |
| Peer Group | $100 | | $115 | | $163 | | $186 | | $265 | | $415 |
(1) The Nasdaq 100 Stock Market Index was added to the performance graph above as Ansys joined the index in December 2019.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
| ANSYS, Inc. | $ | 100 |
| $ | 129 |
| $ | 122 |
| $ | 137 |
| $ | 137 |
| $ | 219 |
|
| NASDAQ Composite | $ | 100 |
| $ | 140 |
| $ | 161 |
| $ | 172 |
| $ | 187 |
| $ | 243 |
|
| Russell 1000 Index | $ | 100 |
| $ | 133 |
| $ | 151 |
| $ | 152 |
| $ | 170 |
| $ | 207 |
|
| S&P 500 Stock Index | $ | 100 |
| $ | 132 |
| $ | 151 |
| $ | 153 |
| $ | 171 |
| $ | 208 |
|
| Peer Group | $ | 100 |
| $ | 133 |
| $ | 155 |
| $ | 159 |
| $ | 198 |
| $ | 289 |
|
Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2017
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | (a) | | (b) | | (c) |
| Plan Category | | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
| Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders | | | | | | |
| 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan | | 2,001,106 |
| | $ | 61.72 |
| | 7,799,333(3) |
|
| Ansoft Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan | | 101,309 |
| | $ | 35.86 |
| | — |
|
| Apache Design Solutions, Inc. 2001 Stock/Option Issuance Plan | | 56,919 |
| | $ | 18.78 |
| | — |
|
| SpaceClaim Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan | | 5,411 |
| | $ | 23.86 |
| | — |
|
| Gear Design Solutions, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan | | 5,415 |
| | $ | 12.26 |
| | — |
|
| 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | | (1) | | (2) | | 291,495 |
|
| Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders | | | | | | |
| None | | | | | | |
| Total | | 2,170,160 |
| | | | 8,090,828 |
|
| |
(1) | The number of shares issuable with respect to the current offering period is not determinable until the end of the period. |
| |
(2) | The per share purchase price of shares issuable with respect to the current offering period is not determinable until the end of the period. |
| |
(3) | The number of securities remaining available for future issuance assumes maximum attainment for awards with a performance condition or a market condition. |
Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
On December 1, 2020, in connection with our acquisition of AGI, we issued 0.6 million shares of common stock with an aggregate value of $206.8 million, based on the 30-day volume-weighted average price of our common stock on December 1, 2020 of $323.72, to the former stockholders of AGI as part of the consideration for the acquisition. The shares were issued in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder for an issuance not involving a public offering.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs(1) |
| October 1 - October 31, 2017 | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | 3,500,000 |
|
| November 1 - November 30, 2017 | | 655,740 |
| | $ | 150.80 |
| | 655,740 |
| | 2,844,260 |
|
| December 1 - December 31, 2017 | | 94,260 |
| | $ | 147.12 |
| | 94,260 |
| | 2,750,000 |
|
| Total | | 750,000 |
| | $ | 150.33 |
| | 750,000 |
| | 2,750,000 |
|
(1) The Company initially announced its stock repurchase program in February 2000, and subsequently announced various amendments to the program. The most recent amendment to the program, authorizing the repurchase
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ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
ITEM 6.SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected financial data as of and for the year ended December 31 for each of the last five years. This selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | 2020 | | 2019(1) | | 2018(2) | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Total revenue | | $ | 1,681,297 | | | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 1,293,636 | | | $ | 1,095,250 | | | $ | 988,465 | |
| Operating income | | 496,356 | | | 515,040 | | | 476,574 | | | 390,728 | | | 376,242 | |
| Net income | | 433,887 | | | 451,295 | | | 419,375 | | | 259,251 | | | 265,636 | |
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 5.05 | | | $ | 5.36 | | | $ | 4.99 | | | $ | 3.05 | | | $ | 3.05 | |
| Weighted average shares – basic | | 85,840 | | | 84,259 | | | 83,973 | | | 84,988 | | | 87,227 | |
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 4.97 | | | $ | 5.25 | | | $ | 4.88 | | | $ | 2.98 | | | $ | 2.99 | |
| Weighted average shares – diluted | | 87,288 | | | 85,925 | | | 85,913 | | | 86,854 | | | 88,969 | |
| Total assets | | $ | 5,940,590 | | | $ | 4,838,887 | | | $ | 3,265,964 | | | $ | 2,941,623 | | | $ | 2,800,526 | |
| Working capital | | 990,412 | | | 860,340 | | | 786,410 | | | 661,713 | | | 630,301 | |
| Long-term liabilities | | 1,113,893 | | | 690,368 | | | 91,650 | | | 87,239 | | | 53,021 | |
| Stockholders' equity | | 4,097,872 | | | 3,453,379 | | | 2,649,547 | | | 2,245,831 | | | 2,208,405 | |
Cash provided by operating activities(3) | | 547,310 | | | 499,936 | | | 484,988 | | | 427,660 | | | 365,980 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 | | 2013 |
| Total revenue | | $ | 1,095,250 |
| | $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 942,753 |
| | $ | 936,021 |
| | $ | 861,260 |
|
| Operating income | | 390,728 |
| | 376,242 |
| | 353,679 |
| | 347,450 |
| | 321,863 |
|
| Net income | | 259,251 |
| | 265,636 |
| | 252,521 |
| | 254,690 |
| | 245,327 |
|
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 2.82 |
| | $ | 2.77 |
| | $ | 2.65 |
|
| Weighted average shares – basic | | 84,988 |
| | 87,227 |
| | 89,561 |
| | 92,067 |
| | 92,691 |
|
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 2.98 |
| | $ | 2.99 |
| | $ | 2.76 |
| | $ | 2.70 |
| | $ | 2.58 |
|
| Weighted average shares – diluted | | 86,854 |
| | 88,969 |
| | 91,502 |
| | 94,194 |
| | 95,139 |
|
| Total assets | | $ | 2,941,623 |
| | $ | 2,800,526 |
| | $ | 2,729,904 |
| | $ | 2,752,879 |
| | $ | 2,702,097 |
|
| Working capital | | 661,713 |
| | 630,301 |
| | 592,280 |
| | 617,240 |
| | 601,183 |
|
| Long-term liabilities | | 87,239 |
| | 53,021 |
| | 51,331 |
| | 70,303 |
| | 125,469 |
|
| Stockholders' equity | | 2,245,831 |
| | 2,208,405 |
| | 2,194,427 |
| | 2,217,501 |
| | 2,136,246 |
|
| Cash provided by operating activities | | 430,438 |
| | 365,980 |
| | 375,699 |
| | 399,838 |
| | 342,954 |
|
Cash provided(2)Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted new guidance on revenue recognition. We elected to adopt the change in accounting principle using the modified retrospective approach. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new guidance, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance.
(3)During fiscal year 2019, we retrospectively adopted new guidance on the accounting for costs incurred to implement a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service arrangement. As a result of the adoption, operating cash flows decreased with a corresponding increase to investing cash flows by operating activities$1.4 million and $2.8 million for the years ending December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The adoption had no impact on our consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income. Fiscal year 2016 has not been restated in the above table was retrospectively adjusted for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09. For further information, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.above.
In the table above, the comparability of information among the years presented is impacted by the Company'sour acquisitions. The operating results of the Company'sour acquisitions have been included in the results of operations since their respective acquisition dates. For further information, see the “Acquisitions” section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 and Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview
The Company's GAAP results for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflect growth in revenue of 10.8% and operating income of 3.9% while diluted earnings per share was comparable to the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company experienced higher revenue in 2017 across all classes of revenue, including license revenue, maintenance and services. The Company also experienced increased operating expenses primarily due to increased personnel costs, costs associated with workforce realignment activities and higher stock-based compensation. The Company's effective tax rate increased significantly in 2017 as a result of charges associated with the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
The Company's non-GAAP results for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflect growth in revenue of 11.1%, operating income of 9.7% and diluted earnings per share of 10.5% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. The non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of the acquisition accounting adjustment to deferred revenue, stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, restructuring charges, transaction costs related to business combinations and the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. For further disclosure regarding non-GAAP results, see the section titled "Non-GAAP Results" immediately preceding the section titled "Liquidity and Capital Resources."
The Company incurred $11.7 million in restructuring charges, or $7.9 million net of tax, during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company completed the workforce realignment activities associated with these charges. These charges are excluded from the Company's non-GAAP results.
The Company's comparative financial results were impacted by fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. The impacts on the Company's revenue and operating income due to currency fluctuations are reflected in the table below.
The amounts in the table represent the difference between the actual 2017 results and the same results calculated at the 2016 exchange rates. Amounts below indicate a net favorable impact from currency fluctuations.
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |
| (in thousands) | GAAP | | Non-GAAP |
| Revenue | $ | 5,394 |
| | $ | 5,403 |
|
| Operating income | $ | 3,501 |
| | $ | 3,560 |
|
In constant currency(1), the Company's growth rates were as follows:
|
| | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |
| | GAAP | | Non-GAAP |
| Revenue | 10.3 | % | | 10.5 | % |
| Operating income | 2.9 | % | | 8.9 | % |
(1) Constant currency amounts exclude the effect of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the results for 2017 for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for 2016, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for 2017.
The Company's financial position includes $881.8 million in cash and short-term investments, and working capital of $661.7 million as of December 31, 2017.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repurchased 2.8 million shares for $336.0 million at an average price of $122.20 per share under the Company's stock repurchase program.
Business
On August 29, 2016, the Board of Directors (the Board) of the Company appointed Dr. Ajei S. Gopal, a member of the Board, as President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, effective as of such date. In addition, effective as of January 1, 2017, Dr. Gopal assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Mr. James E. Cashman III, who was the Chief Executive Officer of the Company as of December 31, 2016, became Chairman of the Board. In connection therewith, Ronald W. Hovsepian, the Chairman of the Board as of December 31, 2016, became the Board’s Lead Independent Director.
ANSYS,Ansys, a Delaware corporation formed in 1994, develops and globally markets engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including aerospace and defense, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, energy, materials and chemical processing, turbomachinery, consumer products, healthcare, and sports. Headquartered south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Company and its subsidiarieswe employed approximately 2,9004,800 people as of December 31, 2017. The Company focuses2020. We focus on the development of open and flexible solutions that enable users to analyze designs directly on the desktop, providing a common platform for fast, efficient and cost-conscious product development, from design concept to final-stage testing and validation. The Company distributes its ANSYSWe distribute our suite of simulation technologies through direct sales offices in strategic, global locations and a global network of independent resellers and distributors (collectively, channel partners) and direct sales offices in strategic, global locations.. It is the Company'sour intention to continue to maintain this hybrid sales and distribution model.
Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation seeks to deepen the use of simulation in our core, to inject simulation throughout the product lifecycle and to embed simulation into our partners' ecosystems. The Company licensesengineering software simulation market is strong and growing. Its market growth is driven by customers’ need for rapid, quality innovation in a cost efficient manner, enabling faster time to market of new products and lower warranty costs. While the transition away from physical prototyping toward simulation is prevalent through all industries, its demand is heightened by investments in high-growth solutions, including 5G, electrification, autonomous and the IIoT. Our strategy of Pervasive Engineering Simulation is aligned with the market growth.
We license our technology to businesses, educational institutions and governmental agencies. Growth in the Company'sour revenue is affected by the strength of global economies, general business conditions, currency exchange rate fluctuations, customer budgetary constraints and the competitive position of the Company'sour products. Please see Item 1A. Risk Factors for a complete discussion of factors that might impact the Company's financial condition and operating results. The Company believesWe believe that the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of itsour software products are as strong as they have ever been. However, the software business is generally characterized by long sales cycles. These long sales cycles increase the difficulty of predicting sales for any particular quarter. The Company makesWe make many operational and strategic decisions based upon short- and long-term sales forecasts that are impacted not only by these long sales cycles, but also by current global economic conditions.conditions, including the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the Company believeswe believe that itsour overall performance is best measured by fiscal year results rather than by quarterly results. Please see the sub-section entitled "Sales Forecasts""Company Operational Risks" under Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factorsof this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a completeadditional discussion of the potential impact of the Company'sour sales forecasts on the Company'sour financial condition, cash flows and operating results.
The Company's managementManagement considers the competition and price pressure that it faces in the short- and long-term by focusing on expanding the breadth, depth, ease of use and quality of the technologies, features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of itsour software products as compared to itsour competitors; investing in research and development to develop new and innovative products and increase the capabilities of itsour existing products; supplying new products and services; focusing on customer needs, training, consulting and support; and enhancing itsour distribution channels. From time to time, the CompanyWe also considersconsider acquisitions to supplement itsour global engineering talent, product offerings and distribution channels.
Overview
Impact of COVID-19
We are continuing to closely monitor the spread of COVID-19 and have employed measures to mitigate its potential effects on our business as described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business and our employees.
The health and safety of our employees and their families, our partners and our broad Ansys community around the world is a high priority. At the onset of the crisis, we took action to enable our employees to work from home. We closed our offices (including our corporate headquarters), transitioned to a remote work environment and implemented certain travel restrictions, each of which have disrupted how we operate our business. We are continuing to monitor the situation, but as of now remote access remains the primary means of work for a majority of our workforce. Remote work arrangements have not adversely affected our ability to maintain effective financial operations, including our financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. We expect to maintain these effective controls as we continue to work remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact from the rapidly changing market and economic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the business of our customers and partners, and has impacted our business and consolidated results of operations. Our current expectations regarding future performance are subject to significant uncertainty and dependent upon how widespread the virus
becomes, the duration and severity of the outbreak, the geographic markets affected, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain the spread of the virus, including the shelter-in-place orders, the nature and scope of government economic recovery measures and other factors. The spread of the virus and economic deterioration caused by the virus have had an adverse impact on our business and, in the future, could have a material adverse impact on our business, as well as on our ability to achieve our financial guidance. We continue to adjust our spending to reflect our expectations for the pace at which economic recovery will occur, while balancing the need to invest for the long-term opportunity. We have also maintained and intend to maintain our commitment to invest in our acquisitions, R&D and certain digital transformation projects, in particular our CRM and human resources information system (HRIS) projects, as those projects are critical to our ability to operate efficiently and scale the business for future growth. During 2020, we onboarded our partner community in CRM and we implemented several HRIS modules, including remote on-boarding. In addition, we continue to strategically invest in research and development, enabling us to stay on track with our product release targets.
Please see "Risk Factors" under Part I. Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion on additional business risks, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overall GAAP and Non-GAAP Results
This section includes a discussion of GAAP and Non-GAAP results. For reconciliations of Non-GAAP results to GAAP results, see the section titled "Non-GAAP Results" herein.
Our GAAP and non-GAAP results for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 reflected the following variances:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| | | | | GAAP | | Non-GAAP |
| Revenue | | | | | 10.9 | % | | 10.9 | % |
| Operating income | | | | | (3.6) | % | | 5.3 | % |
| Diluted earnings per share | | | | | (5.3) | % | | 1.8 | % |
We experienced an increase in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 due to growth in lease licenses, maintenance and service revenue and contributions from our recent acquisitions, partially offset by reductions in perpetual license revenue. The COVID-19 pandemic and trade restrictions with China adversely impacted our revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 with the most pronounced reductions occurring in perpetual licenses. However, due to our diverse customer base, both from a vertical and geographic perspective, as well as the close relationships with customers, we were able to conduct a large amount of business remotely, which partially mitigated the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak.
We also experienced increased operating expenses primarily due to increased personnel costs, higher stock-based compensation and additional operating expenses related to acquisitions. While our hiring pace was slowed and certain discretionary operational expenses, such as travel, were reduced, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a material impact on our operating expenses during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The non-GAAP results exclude the income statement effects of the acquisition accounting adjustments to deferred revenue, stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, transaction expenses related to business combinations, and adjustments related to the transition tax associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Impact of Foreign Currency
Our comparative financial results were impacted by fluctuations in the U.S. Dollar during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. The net favorable impacts on our GAAP and non-GAAP revenue and operating income as a result of the weakened U.S. Dollar when measured against our primary foreign currencies are reflected in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| (in thousands) | GAAP | | Non-GAAP |
| Revenue | $ | 16,841 | | | $ | 16,775 | |
| Operating income | $ | 11,986 | | | $ | 12,211 | |
In constant currency, our variances were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| GAAP | | Non-GAAP |
| Revenue | 9.8 | % | | 9.8 | % |
| Operating income | (6.0) | % | | 3.5 | % |
Constant currency amounts exclude the effects of foreign currency fluctuations on the reported results. To present this information, the 2020 results for entities whose functional currency is a currency other than the U.S. Dollar were converted to U.S. Dollars at rates that were in effect for the 2019 comparable period, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect for 2020. Constant currency growth rates are calculated by adjusting the 2020 reported revenue and operating income amounts by the 2020 currency fluctuation impacts and comparing to the 2019 comparable period reported revenue and operating income amounts.
Other Key Business Metric
Annual Contract Value (ACV) is one of our key performance metrics and is useful to investors in assessing the strength and trajectory of our business. Given that revenue is variable due to the upfront revenue recognition of multi-year lease license sales, we provide ACV as a supplemental metric to help evaluate the annual performance of the business. Summed over the long term, ACV and revenue lead to similar outcomes. However, there will be years where ACV growth lags revenue growth and other years where ACV growth leads revenue growth. It is used by management in financial and operational decision-making and in setting sales targets used for compensation. ACV should be viewed independently of revenue and deferred revenue as ACV is a performance metric and is not intended to be combined with any of these items. There is no GAAP measure comparable to ACV. ACV is composed of the following:
•the annualized value of maintenance and lease contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
•the value of perpetual license contracts with start dates during the period, plus
•the annualized value of fixed-term services contracts with start dates or anniversary dates during the period, plus
•the value of work performed during the period on fixed-deliverable services contracts.
Our ACV was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | | 2019 | | Amount | | % | | Constant Currency % |
| ACV | $ | 1,616,301 | | | $ | 1,461,759 | | | $ | 154,542 | | | 10.6 | | | 9.3 | |
| Recurring ACV as a percentage of ACV | 82.0 | % | | 77.4 | % | | | | | | |
Recurring ACV is composed of both lease licenses and maintenance contracts. The increase in recurring ACV reflected for the year ended December 31, 2020 has been driven by a meaningful reduction in perpetual licenses and an increased preference for lease licenses, due in part to the impacts of COVID-19.
While the resilience of our business is evident in the growth shown above, the economic conditions due to the COVID-19 outbreak have disrupted the business of our customers and partners, and have adversely impacted our business and consolidated results. In addition, trade discussions between the U.S. and China led to certain entities being placed on a restricted entity list. These restrictions limited our ability to deliver products and services to these customers. The 2019 operating results include approximately $20.0 million of ACV related to transactions that occurred prior to the placement of the restrictions. These restrictions remained in place throughout 2020.
Other Financial Information
Our financial position includes $913.2 million in cash and short-term investments, and working capital of $990.4 million as of December 31, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we repurchased 0.7 million shares for $161.0 million at an average price of $233.48 per share under our stock repurchase program, all of which occurred during the first quarter. As of December 31, 2020, we had 2.8 million shares remaining available for repurchase under our authorized share repurchase program.
Geographic Trends
The following table presents the Company'sour geographic constant currency revenue growth during the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016:
| | | | | | | |
| | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2017 2020 |
North AmericaAmericas | 13.1 | | 21.2 | % |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) | 7.5 | | 3.8 | % |
| Asia-Pacific | 9.4 | | (2.1) | % |
| Total | 10.3 | | 9.8 | % |
In North America, the Company's performance was primarily driven by the aerospace and defense, electronics, semiconductors and automotive industries. The performance within aerospace and defense continued to be driven by major and strategic accounts, growing demand from the commercial space sector and increased U.S. defense spending. The electronics industry continued to benefit from the placement of software into a wide range of smart, connected products. The automotive manufacturers maintained their strong investments in developing advanced technologies for autonomous, electric and smart, connected vehicles. The renewable energy sector remained strong as energy companies continued their investment initiatives and commodity prices improved.
While revenueTo drive growth, in Europe showed improvement, it continued to lag the other regions. Sales leadership in the region remained focused on building the sales pipeline and finalizing initiatives to update the Company's go-to-market strategy. Europe demonstrated similar trends as North America except that the commodity recovery has not been fully realized. Additionally, the indirect channel grew faster than the direct business, helping to bolster the overall growth rate in the region.
The results in Asia-Pacific were driven by the aerospace and defense, electronics, automotive and industrial equipment sectors. The region continued to benefit from investment in domestic development programs, particularly in China and India. The indirect channel performance was especially strong in this region and contributed to the growth rate even more significantly than in Europe.
The Company continueswe continue to focus on a number of sales improvement activities across the geographic regions, including sales hiring, pipeline building, productivity initiatives and customer engagement activities.
Note About Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunctionContinued trade tensions between the U.S. and China, together with the audited consolidateduncertainty around the COVID-19 outbreak, may further restrict our ability to sell and distribute our products to certain customers and our ability to collect against existing trade receivables and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial statements and notes thereto included elsewherecondition. Refer to additional details in "Risk Factors" under Part I. Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.10-K
Industry Commentary:
Our three largest industries - high-tech, automotive and aerospace and defense (A&D) - remained strong throughout 2020 as companies accelerate their digital transformation initiatives. The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally acceptedhigh-tech industry was positively impacted by companies' continued investments in the United Statesdevelopment of America (GAAP). The preparationthe next generation of these financial statements requiresincreasingly complex chips and technology to support the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amountsapplications of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to fair values of stock awards, bad debts, contract revenue, acquired deferred revenue, the valuation of goodwill5G, autonomy and other intangible assets, deferred compensation, income taxes, uncertain tax positions, tax valuation reserves, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, and contingencies and litigation.high growth areas. The Company basesautomotive industry maintained its estimates on historical experience, market experience, estimated future cash flows and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable undergrowth through the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, but not limited to, the following statements, as well as statements that contain such words as "anticipates," "intends," "believes," "plans" and other similar expressions:
The Company's intentions regarding its hybrid sales and distribution model.
The Company's intentions related to investments in research and development, particularly as it relates to expanding the ease of use and capabilities of its broad portfolio of simulation software products.
The Company's expectations regarding the accelerated development of newelectrification and innovative productsautonomous technologies. While the commercial aviation sector continues to be significantly impacted by the marketplace while lowering designdramatic reduction in demand for global air travel, the continued needs of national security ensure that the defense segment has remained strong and engineering costs for customers as a result of the Company's acquisitions.
The Company's statements regarding the impact of global economic conditions.
The Company's expectations regarding the outcome of its service tax audit cases.
The Company's belief that, in most geographical locations, its facilities allow for sufficient space to support present and future foreseeable needs, including such expansion and growth as the business may require.
The Company's expectation that it can renew existing facility leases as they expire or find alternative facilities without difficulty, as needed.
The Company's assessment of the ultimate liabilities arising from various investigations, claims and legal proceedings.
The Company's statement regarding the strength of the features, functionality and integrated multiphysics capabilities of its software products.
The Company's belief that itsbuoyed our overall performance is best measured by fiscal-year results rather than by quarterly results.
The Company's expectations regarding the adverse impact on license and maintenance revenue growth in the near term due to an increased customer preference for time-based licenses.aerospace and defense industry.
The Company's estimates regarding the expected impact on reported revenue related to the acquisition accounting treatment
The Company's expectation that it will continue toAcquisitions
We make targeted investments in its global sales and marketing organizations and its global business infrastructure to enhance and support its revenue-generating activities.
The Company's intention to repatriate previously taxed earnings and to reinvest all other earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries.
The Company's plans related to future capital spending.
The sufficiency of existing cash and cash equivalent balances to meet future working capital and capital expenditure requirements.
The Company's belief that the best uses of its excess cash are to invest in the business and repurchase stockacquisitions in order to both offset dilutionsupport our long-term strategic direction, accelerate innovation, provide increased capabilities to our existing products, supply new products and return capital, in excess of its requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.
The Company's intentions related to investments in complementary companies, products, services, and technologies.
The Company's expectation that changes in currency exchange rates will affect the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company's expectations regarding future claims related to indemnification obligations.
The Company's estimates regarding total compensation expense associated with granted stock-based awards for future years.
The Company's expectations regarding the impacts of new accounting guidance.
The Company's expectations regarding the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
The Company's assessment of its ability to realize deferred tax assets.
Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company's control. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Certain factors that might cause such a difference include risks and uncertainties detailed in Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Acquisitions
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company completed various acquisitions to expand itsour customer base and accelerate the development of new and innovative products to the marketplace while lowering design and engineering costs for customers. Theenhance our distribution channels. Our recent acquisitions were not individually significant.are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Date of Closing | | Company | | Purchase Price | | Details |
| 2020 Acquisitions |
| December 1, 2020 | | AGI | | $722.5 million | | AGI, a premier provider of mission-simulation, modeling, testing and analysis software for aerospace, defense and intelligence applications, expands the scope of our offerings, empowering users to solve challenges by simulating from the chip level all the way to a customer's entire mission. |
| April 1, 2020 | | Lumerical | | $107.5 million | | Lumerical, a leading developer of photonic design and simulation tools, adds best-in-class photonic products to our multiphysics portfolio, providing customers with a full set of solutions to solve their next-generation product challenges. |
| 2019 Acquisitions |
| November 1, 2019 | | LST | | $781.5 million | | LST, the premier provider of explicit dynamics and other advanced finite element analysis technology, empowers our customers to solve a new class of engineering challenges, including developing safer automobiles, aircraft and trains while reducing or even eliminating the need for costly physical testing. |
| November 1, 2019 | | Dynardo | | (1) | | Dynardo, a leading provider of multidisciplinary analysis and optimization technology, gives our customers access to a full suite of process integration and robust design tools — empowering users to identify optimal product designs faster and more economically. |
| May 1, 2019 | | DfR Solutions | | (1) | | DfR Solutions' electronics reliability technology, combined with our existing comprehensive multiphysics portfolio, gives our customers a complete designer-level solution to analyze for electronics failure earlier in the design cycle. |
| February 4, 2019 | | Helic | | (1) | | Helic, the industry-leading provider of electromagnetic crosstalk solutions for systems on chips, combined with our flagship electromagnetic and semiconductor solvers, provides a comprehensive solution for on-chip, 3D integrated circuit and chip-package-system electromagnetics and noise analysis. |
| February 1, 2019 | | Granta Design | | $208.7 million | | Granta Design, the premier provider of materials information technology, expands our portfolio into this important area, giving customers access to materials intelligence, including data that is critical to successful simulations. |
| 2018 Acquisition |
| May 2, 2018 | | OPTIS | | $291.0 million | | OPTIS, a premier provider of software for scientific simulation of light, human vision and physics-based visualization, extends our portfolio into the area of optical simulation to provide comprehensive sensor solutions, covering visible and infrared light, electromagnetics and acoustics for camera, radar and lidar. |
(1) The combined purchase pricesprice of thethese acquisitions purchasedwas $138.5 million, each of which was individually insignificant.
For further information on our business combinations during the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015 were approximately $67.0 million, $10.3 million and $49.7 million, respectively.
For further information on the Company's business combinations,2018, see Note 34 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Results of Operations
For purposes of the following discussion and analysis, the table below sets forth certain consolidated financial data for the years 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015.2018. The operating results of the Company'sour acquisitions have been included in the results of operations since their respective acquisition dates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Revenue: | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | | $ | 780,850 | | | $ | 699,630 | | | $ | 576,717 | |
| Maintenance and service | | 900,447 | | | 816,262 | | | 716,919 | |
| Total revenue | | 1,681,297 | | | 1,515,892 | | | 1,293,636 | |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | | 30,618 | | | 23,944 | | | 18,619 | |
| Amortization | | 40,642 | | | 21,710 | | | 27,034 | |
| Maintenance and service | | 154,004 | | | 120,619 | | | 110,232 | |
| Total cost of sales | | 225,264 | | | 166,273 | | | 155,885 | |
| Gross profit | | 1,456,033 | | | 1,349,619 | | | 1,137,751 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | | 587,707 | | | 521,200 | | | 413,580 | |
| Research and development | | 355,371 | | | 298,210 | | | 233,802 | |
| Amortization | | 16,599 | | | 15,169 | | | 13,795 | |
| Total operating expenses | | 959,677 | | | 834,579 | | | 661,177 | |
| Operating income | | 496,356 | | | 515,040 | | | 476,574 | |
| Interest income | | 5,073 | | | 12,796 | | | 11,419 | |
| Interest expense | | (10,988) | | | (3,461) | | | (59) | |
| Other income (expense), net | | 3,484 | | | (1,792) | | | (849) | |
| Income before income tax provision | | 493,925 | | | 522,583 | | | 487,085 | |
| Income tax provision | | 60,038 | | | 71,288 | | | 67,710 | |
| Net income | | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Revenue: | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | | $ | 624,964 |
| | $ | 568,174 |
| | $ | 555,105 |
|
| Maintenance and service | | 470,286 |
| | 420,291 |
| | 387,648 |
|
| Total revenue | | 1,095,250 |
| | 988,465 |
| | 942,753 |
|
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | | 34,421 |
| | 28,860 |
| | 29,105 |
|
| Amortization | | 36,794 |
| | 38,092 |
| | 38,755 |
|
| Maintenance and service | | 78,949 |
| | 79,908 |
| | 79,386 |
|
| Total cost of sales | | 150,164 |
| | 146,860 |
| | 147,246 |
|
| Gross profit | | 945,086 |
| | 841,605 |
| | 795,507 |
|
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | | 338,640 |
| | 269,515 |
| | 253,603 |
|
| Research and development | | 202,746 |
| | 183,093 |
| | 168,831 |
|
| Amortization | | 12,972 |
| | 12,755 |
| | 19,394 |
|
| Total operating expenses | | 554,358 |
| | 465,363 |
| | 441,828 |
|
| Operating income | | 390,728 |
| | 376,242 |
| | 353,679 |
|
| Interest income | | 6,962 |
| | 4,209 |
| | 2,829 |
|
| Other (expense) income, net | | (1,996 | ) | | (136 | ) | | 257 |
|
| Income before income tax provision | | 395,694 |
| | 380,315 |
| | 356,765 |
|
| Income tax provision | | 136,443 |
| | 114,679 |
| | 104,244 |
|
| Net income | | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
|
Year Ended December 31, 20172020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20162019
ACV:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | | 2019 | | Amount | | % | | Constant Currency % |
| ACV | $ | 1,616,301 | | | $ | 1,461,759 | | | $ | 154,542 | | | 10.6 | | | 9.3 | |
| Recurring ACV as a percentage of ACV | 82.0 | % | | 77.4 | % | | | | | | |
Revenue:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | | 2019 | | Amount | | % | | Constant Currency % |
| Revenue: | | | | | | | | | |
| Lease licenses | $ | 500,105 | | | $ | 406,043 | | | $ | 94,062 | | | 23.2 | | | 21.3 | |
| Perpetual licenses | 280,745 | | | 293,587 | | | (12,842) | | | (4.4) | | | (5.4) | |
| Software licenses | 780,850 | | | 699,630 | | | 81,220 | | | 11.6 | | | 10.1 | |
| Maintenance | 840,597 | | | 760,574 | | | 80,023 | | | 10.5 | | | 9.8 | |
| Service | 59,850 | | | 55,688 | | | 4,162 | | | 7.5 | | | 6.8 | |
| Maintenance and service | 900,447 | | | 816,262 | | | 84,185 | | | 10.3 | | | 9.6 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,681,297 | | | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 165,405 | | | 10.9 | | | 9.8 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2017 |
| 2016 | | Amount | | % |
| Revenue: |
|
|
| | | | |
| Lease licenses | $ | 376,886 |
|
| $ | 340,331 |
| | $ | 36,555 |
| | 10.7 |
| Perpetual licenses | 248,078 |
|
| 227,843 |
| | 20,235 |
| | 8.9 |
| Software licenses | 624,964 |
|
| 568,174 |
| | 56,790 |
| | 10.0 |
| Maintenance | 440,428 |
|
| 394,745 |
| | 45,683 |
| | 11.6 |
| Service | 29,858 |
|
| 25,546 |
| | 4,312 |
| | 16.9 |
| Maintenance and service | 470,286 |
|
| 420,291 |
| | 49,995 |
| | 11.9 |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,095,250 |
|
| $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 106,785 |
| | 10.8 |
The Company'sOur revenue increased 10.8% (10.3% in constant currency) during the year ended December 31, 20172020 increased 10.9% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016.2019, while revenue grew 9.8% in constant currency. The growth rate was favorably impacted by the Company'sour continued investmentinvestments in itsour global sales, support and marketing organizations.organizations, the timing and duration of our multi-year lease contracts, and our 2020 and 2019 acquisitions product sales contributed incremental revenue of $84.9 million. The growth rate was negatively impacted by the trade restrictions between the United States and China, and the impact of COVID-19. Lease license revenue increased 10.7%23.2%, or 21.3% in constant currency, as compared to the prior year.year ended December 31, 2019. Annual maintenance contracts that were sold with new perpetual licenses, maintenance contracts for new perpetual licenses sold in previous years and the maintenance portion of lease license contracts collectively contributed to maintenance revenue growth of 10.5%, or 9.8% in constant currency. Service revenue, driven primarily by a focus on service offerings that provide mentorship on simulation best practices, training and expanding simulation adoption, increased 7.5%, or 6.8% in constant currency, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. Perpetual license revenue, which is derived primarily from new sales increased 8.9%during the year ended December 31, 2020, decreased 4.4%, or 5.4% in constant currency, as compared to the prior year. Annual maintenance contractsyear ended December 31, 2019.
We continue to experience increased interest by some of our larger customers in enterprise agreements that were sold with newoften include longer-term, time-based licenses involving a larger number of our software products. While these arrangements typically involve a higher overall transaction price, the upfront recognition of license revenue related to these larger, multi-year transactions can result in significantly higher lease license revenue volatility. Software products, across a large variety of applications and industries, are increasingly distributed in software-as-a-service, cloud and other subscription environments in which the licensing approach is time-based rather than perpetual, resulting in shifting preferences from perpetual licenses along with maintenance contracts sold with new perpetualto time-based licenses across a broader spectrum of our customers. This dynamic was elevated in previous years, contributed2020 as a result of the economic impacts of COVID-19, and we expect it to maintenancecontinue into the foreseeable future.
In relation to COVID-19 and our revenue, growthwe currently expect a recovery in the business environment as reliable vaccines become more readily available. Globally, businesses have not resumed full operations and our teams and those of 11.6%. Serviceour customers will likely continue working remotely into 2021. As a result of social distancing, our in-person demand generation events and those of our channel partners have been canceled. While we have adjusted to have a stronger digital focus, as evidenced by our hosting of our annual sales conference virtually in January, the absence of certain events has had and is expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our results, especially for certain channel partners. In addition, we have experienced delays in the timing of closing certain transactions, including large enterprise-type deals. These deals are often multi-year leases which have a significant impact on our operating results due to up-front revenue primarily composedrecognition of consulting projects, increased 16.9%.the license. We expect this trend to continue and anticipate that customers will delay certain purchases, reduce the size of planned purchases or forgo purchases that otherwise were expected to occur. Additional waves or mutated variants of COVID-19 could result in renewed shutdowns that stop or regress economic recovery.
With respect to revenue, on average for the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, the U.S. Dollar was 1.0%approximately 2.4% weaker, when measured against the Company'sour primary foreign currencies, than for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The table below presents the impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017.2020. Amounts in brackets indicate a net adverse impact from currency fluctuations.
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Euro | $ | 11,803 | |
| Japanese Yen | 4,067 | |
| Taiwan Dollar | 1,376 | |
| British Pound | 1,078 | |
| Indian Rupee | (1,294) | |
| Other | (189) | |
| Total | $ | 16,841 | |
|
| | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |
| Euro | $ | 6,634 |
|
| South Korean Won | 1,439 |
|
| Taiwan Dollar | 886 |
|
| Indian Rupee | 838 |
|
| Japanese Yen | (3,416 | ) |
| British Pound | (1,316 | ) |
| Other | 329 |
|
| Total | $ | 5,394 |
|
The weaker U.S. Dollar alsoimpacts from currency fluctuations resulted in increased operating income of $3.5$12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016.2019.
A substantial portion of the Company's license and maintenance revenue is derived from annual lease and maintenance contracts. These contracts are generally renewed on an annual basis and typically have a high rate of customer renewal. In addition to the recurring revenue base associated with these contracts, a majority of customers purchasing new perpetual licenses also purchase related annual maintenance contracts. As a resultpercentage of the significant recurring revenue, base, the Company's license and maintenance revenue growth rate in any period does not necessarily correlate to the growth rate of new license and maintenance contracts sold during that period. To the extent the rate of customer renewal for lease and maintenance contracts is high, incremental lease contracts, and maintenance contracts sold with new perpetual licenses, will result in license and maintenance revenue growth in constant currency. Conversely, if the rate of renewal for these contracts is adversely affected by economic or other factors, the Company's license and maintenance growth will be adversely affected over the term that the revenue for those contracts would have otherwise been recognized.
The Company is starting to experience an increased interest by some of its larger customers in enterprise agreements that often include longer-term, time-based licenses involving a larger number of the Company's software products. While these arrangements typically involve a higher overall transaction price, the revenue from these contracts has been typically deferred
under ASC 605 and recognized over the period of the contract, resulting in increased deferred revenue and backlog. Under ASC 606, which is effective on January 1, 2018, the license component of these arrangements will be recognized up-front, resulting in increased volatility in the Company's reporting of quarterly and annual revenue. The Company is similarly experiencing a shifting preference from perpetual licenses to time-based licenses across a broader spectrum of its customers, particularly in the more mature geographic markets, such as the U.S. and Japan. To the extent this shift continues or becomes more prevalent, the result could be a near-term adverse impact on software license and maintenance revenue growth.
Internationalour international and domestic revenues, and our direct and indirect revenues, were as a percentage of total revenue, were 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2017, and 62.8% and 37.2%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company derived 24.8% and 24.4% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2020 | | 2019 |
| International | 53.8 | % | | 57.9 | % |
| Domestic | 46.2 | % | | 42.1 | % |
| | | |
| Direct | 77.8 | % | | 77.1 | % |
| Indirect | 22.2 | % | | 22.9 | % |
In valuing deferred revenue on the balance sheets of the Company'sour recent acquisitions as of their respective acquisition dates, the Companywe applied the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, resulting in a reduction of deferred revenue as compared to itsthe historical carrying amount. As a result, the Company'sour post-acquisition revenue will be less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by ANSYSus and each acquiree absent the acquisitions. The impacts on reported revenue were $14.2 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016 were $2.92019, respectively. The expected impacts on reported revenue are $9.0 million and $0.1$19.5 million for the quarter ending March 31, 2021 and the year ending December 31, 2021, respectively.
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit:Operating Expenses:
The tabletables below reflects the Company'sreflect our operating results as presented on the consolidated statements of income, which are inclusive of foreign currency translation impacts. Amounts included in the discussiondiscussions that followsfollow each table are provided in constant currency.currency and are inclusive of costs related to our acquisitions. The impact where material, of foreign exchange translation on eachis discussed separately, where material. The 2020 and 2019 acquisitions contributed $57.9 million to the overall increase in cost of sales and operating expenses, inclusive of intangible asset amortization, with the most significant contribution from LST (acquired November 1, 2019) of $37.9 million.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | $ | 30,618 | | | 1.8 | | | $ | 23,944 | | | 1.6 | | | $ | 6,674 | | | 27.9 | |
| Amortization | 40,642 | | | 2.4 | | | 21,710 | | | 1.4 | | | 18,932 | | | 87.2 | |
| Maintenance and service | 154,004 | | | 9.2 | | | 120,619 | | | 8.0 | | | 33,385 | | | 27.7 | |
| Total cost of sales | 225,264 | | | 13.4 | | | 166,273 | | | 11.0 | | | 58,991 | | | 35.5 | |
| Gross profit | $ | 1,456,033 | | | 86.6 | | | $ | 1,349,619 | | | 89.0 | | | $ | 106,414 | | | 7.9 | |
Software Licenses: The increase in the cost of software licenses was due to increased third-party royalties of $7.1 million.
Amortization: The increase in amortization expense line is provided separately.was due to the amortization of newly acquired intangible assets.
Maintenance and Service: The net increase in maintenance and service costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries and other headcount-related costs of $15.8 million.
•Increased third-party technical support of $7.1 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $5.1 million.
•Increased consulting costs of $2.7 million.
•Increased IT maintenance and software hosting costs of $1.5 million.
•Increased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $1.1 million due to a weaker U.S. Dollar.
•Decreased business travel of $2.2 million due to COVID-19.
The improvement in gross profit was a result of the increase in revenue, partially offset by the increase in the related cost of
sales.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2017 | | 2016 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | $ | 34,421 |
| | 3.1 | | $ | 28,860 |
| | 2.9 | | $ | 5,561 |
| | 19.3 |
|
| Amortization | 36,794 |
| | 3.4 | | 38,092 |
| | 3.9 | | (1,298 | ) | | (3.4 | ) |
| Maintenance and service | 78,949 |
| | 7.2 | | 79,908 |
| | 8.1 | | (959 | ) | | (1.2 | ) |
| Total cost of sales | 150,164 |
| | 13.7 | | 146,860 |
| | 14.9 | | 3,304 |
| | 2.2 |
|
| Gross profit | $ | 945,086 |
| | 86.3 | | $ | 841,605 |
| | 85.1 | | $ | 103,481 |
| | 12.3 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2020 | | 2019 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 587,707 | | | 35.0 | | | $ | 521,200 | | | 34.4 | | | $ | 66,507 | | | 12.8 | |
| Research and development | 355,371 | | | 21.1 | | | 298,210 | | | 19.7 | | | 57,161 | | | 19.2 | |
| Amortization | 16,599 | | | 1.0 | | | 15,169 | | | 1.0 | | | 1,430 | | | 9.4 | |
| Total operating expenses | $ | 959,677 | | | 57.1 | | | $ | 834,579 | | | 55.1 | | | $ | 125,098 | | | 15.0 | |
Selling, General and Administrative: The net increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $40.3 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $12.9 million.
•Increased third-party commissions of $8.4 million.
•Increased IT maintenance and software hosting costs of $5.2 million.
•Increased bad debt expense of $3.5 million due to expected losses related to COVID-19.
•Increased marketing expenses of $3.0 million.
•Increased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $2.8 million due to a weaker U.S. Dollar.
•Decreased business travel of $16.0 million due to COVID-19.
We anticipate that we will continue to make targeted investments in our global sales and marketing organizations and our global business infrastructure to enhance and support our revenue-generating activities.
Research and Development: The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries and other headcount-related costs of $38.0 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $11.4 million.
•Increased IT maintenance and software hosting costs of $4.4 million.
We have traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and intend to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of our broad portfolio of simulation software products, even with the on-going COVID-19 pandemic.
Interest Income: Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $5.1 million as compared to $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interest income decreased as a result of a lower interest rate environment and the related decrease in the average rate of return on invested cash balances.
Interest Expense: Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $11.0 million as compared to $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interest expense increased as a result of the interest incurred on debt financing obtained in connection with the acquisitions of AGI and LST in the fourth quarters of 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Other Income (Expense), net: Our other income (expense) consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Investment gains, net | $ | 3,648 | | | $ | 333 | |
| Foreign currency losses, net | (194) | | | (2,510) | |
| Other | 30 | | | 385 | |
| Total other income (expense), net | $ | 3,484 | | | $ | (1,792) | |
Income Tax Provision: Our income before income tax provision, income tax provision and effective tax rate were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Income before income tax provision | $ | 493,925 | | | $ | 522,583 | |
| Income tax provision | $ | 60,038 | | | $ | 71,288 | |
| Effective tax rate | 12.2 | % | | 13.6 | % |
The decrease in the effective tax rate from the prior year was primarily due to tax benefits of $7.5 million related to entity structuring activities and increased benefits from research and development credits of $4.1 million. These benefits were partially offset by decreased benefits of $6.1 million in the foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) deduction and the decrease in releases of valuation allowance of $2.6 million.
When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate for each respective period, the effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were also favorably impacted by tax benefits from stock-based compensation, the FDII deduction, and research and development credits.
Net Income: Our net income, diluted earnings per share and weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Net income | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 4.97 | | | $ | 5.25 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | 87,288 | | | 85,925 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
ACV:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2019 | | 2018 | | Amount | | % | | Constant Currency % |
| ACV | $ | 1,461,759 | | | $ | 1,325,211 | | | $ | 136,548 | | | 10.3 | | | 12.0 | |
| Recurring ACV as a percentage of ACV | 77.4 | % | | 76.9 | % | | | | | | |
Revenue:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2019 | | 2018 | | Amount | | % | | Constant Currency % |
| Revenue: | | | | | | | | | |
| Lease licenses | $ | 406,043 | | | $ | 275,619 | | | $ | 130,424 | | | 47.3 | | | 49.4 | |
| Perpetual licenses | 293,587 | | | 301,098 | | | (7,511) | | | (2.5) | | | (1.1) | |
| Software licenses | 699,630 | | | 576,717 | | | 122,913 | | | 21.3 | | | 23.1 | |
| Maintenance | 760,574 | | | 676,883 | | | 83,691 | | | 12.4 | | | 14.3 | |
| Service | 55,688 | | | 40,036 | | | 15,652 | | | 39.1 | | | 41.5 | |
| Maintenance and service | 816,262 | | | 716,919 | | | 99,343 | | | 13.9 | | | 15.8 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 1,293,636 | | | $ | 222,256 | | | 17.2 | | | 19.0 | |
Our revenue in the year ended December 31, 2019 increased 17.2% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, or 19.0% in constant currency. The growth rate was favorably impacted by our continued investments in our global sales, support and marketing organizations, as well as our 2019 and 2018 acquisitions which contributed incremental revenue of $72.9 million. Lease license revenue increased 47.3%, or 49.4% in constant currency, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, driven primarily by an increase in multi-year lease contracts. Annual maintenance contracts that were sold with new perpetual licenses, maintenance contracts for new perpetual licenses sold in previous years and the maintenance portion of lease license contracts each contributed to maintenance revenue growth of 12.4%, or 14.3% in constant currency. Service revenue, driven primarily by a focus on service offerings that provide on-site mentorship on simulation best practices, training and expanding simulation adoption, increased 39.1%, or 41.5% in constant currency, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. Perpetual license revenue, which is derived primarily from new sales during the year ended December 31, 2019, decreased 2.5%, or 1.1% in constant currency, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.
With respect to revenue, on average for the year ended December 31, 2019, the U.S. Dollar was approximately 3.3% stronger, when measured against our primary foreign currencies, than for the year ended December 31, 2018. The table below presents the impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Amounts in brackets indicate an adverse impact from currency fluctuations.
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| Euro | $ | (17,361) | |
| South Korean Won | (5,097) | |
| British Pound | (1,881) | |
| Japanese Yen | 1,791 | |
| Other | (1,460) | |
| Total | $ | (24,008) | |
The impacts from currency fluctuations resulted in decreased operating income of $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.
As a percentage of revenue, our international and domestic revenues, and our direct and indirect revenues, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2019 | | 2018 |
| International | 57.9 | % | | 60.9 | % |
| Domestic | 42.1 | % | | 39.1 | % |
| | | |
| Direct | 77.1 | % | | 77.6 | % |
| Indirect | 22.9 | % | | 22.4 | % |
In valuing deferred revenue on the balance sheets of our recent acquisitions as of their respective acquisition dates, we applied the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, resulting in a reduction of deferred revenue as compared to the historical carrying amount. As a result, our post-acquisition revenue will be less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by us and each acquiree absent the acquisitions. The impacts on reported revenue were $12.5 million and $9.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses:
The tables below reflect our operating results as presented on the consolidated statements of income, which are inclusive of foreign currency translation impacts. Amounts included in the discussions that follow each table are provided in constant currency and are inclusive of costs related to our acquisitions. The impact of foreign exchange translation is discussed separately, where material. The 2019 and 2018 acquisitions contributed $54.7 million to the overall increase in cost of sales and operating expenses with the most significant contributions from the OPTIS (May 2, 2018) and Granta Design (February 1, 2019) acquisitions of $17.3 million and $18.9 million, respectively.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | $ | 23,944 | | | 1.6 | | | $ | 18,619 | | | 1.4 | | | $ | 5,325 | | | 28.6 | |
| Amortization | 21,710 | | | 1.4 | | | 27,034 | | | 2.1 | | | (5,324) | | | (19.7) | |
| Maintenance and service | 120,619 | | | 8.0 | | | 110,232 | | | 8.5 | | | 10,387 | | | 9.4 | |
| Total cost of sales | 166,273 | | | 11.0 | | | 155,885 | | | 12.1 | | | 10,388 | | | 6.7 | |
| Gross profit | $ | 1,349,619 | | | 89.0 | | | $ | 1,137,751 | | | 87.9 | | | $ | 211,868 | | | 18.6 | |
Software Licenses: The increase in the cost of software licenses was primarily due to the following:
Increasedincreased third-party royalties of $2.9$5.6 million.
Increased salaries and other headcount-related costs of $1.6 million.
Increased restructuring costs of $0.6 million.
Amortization: The net decrease in amortization expense was primarily due to a net decrease in the amortization of trade names and acquired technology due to assets that became fully amortized, which was partially offset by an increase in the amortization of trade names.newly acquired intangible assets.
Maintenance and Service: The net decreaseincrease in maintenance and service costs was primarily due to the following:
Decreased•Increased salaries and other headcount-related costs of $4.0 million, primarily due to a redeployment of technical personnel resources to pre-sales activities.million.
Decreased depreciation and facility costs, each of $0.6 million.
Increased third-party technical support of $2.1 million.
Increased restructuring costs of $1.7 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $1.0$3.3 million.
•Increased consulting costs of $1.7 million.
•Increased IT maintenance and software hosting costs of $1.3 million.
•Decreased costs related to foreign exchange translation of $2.0 million due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.
The improvement in gross profit was a result of the increase in revenue, partially offset by the increase in the related cost of sales.
Operating Expenses:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | Year Ended December 31, | |
| 2017 | | 2016 | | Change | 2019 | | 2018 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % | (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 338,640 |
| | 30.9 | | $ | 269,515 |
| | 27.3 | | $ | 69,125 |
| | 25.6 | Selling, general and administrative | $ | 521,200 | | | 34.4 | | | $ | 413,580 | | | 32.0 | | | $ | 107,620 | | | 26.0 | |
| Research and development | 202,746 |
| | 18.5 | | 183,093 |
| | 18.5 | | 19,653 |
| | 10.7 | Research and development | 298,210 | | | 19.7 | | | 233,802 | | | 18.1 | | | 64,408 | | | 27.5 | |
| Amortization | 12,972 |
| | 1.2 | | 12,755 |
| | 1.3 | | 217 |
| | 1.7 | Amortization | 15,169 | | | 1.0 | | | 13,795 | | | 1.1 | | | 1,374 | | | 10.0 | |
| Total operating expenses | $ | 554,358 |
| | 50.6 | | $ | 465,363 |
| | 47.1 | | $ | 88,995 |
| | 19.1 | Total operating expenses | $ | 834,579 | | | 55.1 | | | $ | 661,177 | | | 51.1 | | | $ | 173,402 | | | 26.2 | |
Selling, General and Administrative: The net increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $42.1$63.7 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $14.8$13.5 million.
•Increased business travel of $6.5 million.
•Increased marketing expenses of $5.4 million.
•Increased professional fees of $4.5 million.
•Increased consulting costs of $7.3$4.2 million.
The Company anticipates that it will continue•Decreased costs related to make targeted investments in its global sales and marketing organizations and its global business infrastructureforeign exchange translation of $7.1 million due to enhance and support its revenue-generating activities.a stronger U.S. Dollar.
Research and Development: The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:
•Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $9.6$41.1 million.
Increased restructuring costs of $6.5 million.
•Increased stock-based compensation of $3.8$16.0 million.
The Company has traditionally invested significant resources in research and development activities and intends to continue to make investments in expanding the ease of use and capabilities of its broad portfolio of simulation software products.
Interest Income: Interest income for the year ended December 31, 20172019 was $7.0$12.8 million as compared to $4.2$11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. Interest income increased as a result of an increase in both the Company's average invested cash balances and the average rate of return on thoseinvested cash balances.
Other Expense, net: The Company's otherInterest Expense: Interest expense consists of the following:
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Foreign currency (losses) gains, net | $ | (1,935 | ) | | $ | 77 |
|
| Other | (61 | ) | | (213 | ) |
| Total other expense, net | $ | (1,996 | ) | | $ | (136 | ) |
Income Tax Provision: The Company recorded income tax expense of $136.4 million and had income before income taxes of $395.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing an effective tax rate of 34.5%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $114.72019 was $3.5 million and had income before income taxes of $380.3 million, representing an effective tax rate of 30.2%.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred as compared to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform). Tax Reform makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (2) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries (Transition Tax); (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) creating a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) which allows for the possibility of using foreign tax credits (FTCs) and a deduction of up to 50 percent to offset the income tax liability (subject to some limitations); (5) repealing the domestic production activity deduction; (6) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax, a new minimum tax; (7) allowing for full expensing of qualified property through bonus depreciation; and (8) creating limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation.
The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of Tax Reform. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from enactment for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of Tax Reform for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete in the financial statements. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform is incomplete, but a reasonable estimate is able to be made, the company must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of Tax Reform.
In connection with the Company’s initial analysis of the impact of Tax Reform, a discrete net tax expense of $17.9 million was recorded in the period ending December 31, 2017, primarily consisting of $1.9 million for the revaluation of net deferred tax assets and $16.0 million for the Transition Tax. In addition to the $17.9 million charge, the Company would have recognized a $4.8 million benefit in the fourth quarter related to foreign earnings repatriation, but this benefit was eliminated due to Tax Reform. As further discussed below, the Company was able to complete final or provisional calculations for certain elements of Tax Reform and the amounts and estimates are included in the financial statements. For other elements, the Company was not able to make reasonable estimates and therefore those elements have not been recorded and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before Tax Reform.
The Company’s accounting for the impact of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate on the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities is complete. Tax Reform reduces the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, the Company has recorded a net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $1.9$0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to revalue2018. Interest expense increased as a result of the Company’s deferredinterest incurred on debt financing obtained in fiscal year 2019.
Other Expense, net: Our other expense consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Foreign currency losses, net | $ | (2,510) | | | $ | (3,058) | |
| Investment gains, net | 333 | | | 2,204 | |
| Other | 385 | | | 5 | |
| Total other expense, net | $ | (1,792) | | | $ | (849) | |
Income Tax Provision: Our income before income tax assetsprovision, income tax provision and liabilities. The lower statutory rate of 21% will have a favorable impact on the Company’s effective tax rate in future years.were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Income before income tax provision | $ | 522,583 | | | $ | 487,085 | |
| Income tax provision | $ | 71,288 | | | $ | 67,710 | |
| Effective tax rate | 13.6 | % | | 13.9 | % |
The Company’s accounting for the Transition Tax is incomplete. However, reasonable estimates of certain effects were able to be calculated and, therefore, a provisional adjustment was recorded. The Transition Tax is a tax on the deemed repatriation of previously untaxed accumulated current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a provisional Transition Tax expense of $16.0 million. However, the Company will continue to gather additional information to more precisely compute the final amount. The Company plans to elect to pay this liability over eight years and has recorded $14.5 million of the obligation in other long-term liabilities, with the balance recorded to accrued income taxes.
The Company’s accounting for the indefinite reinvestment assertion is incomplete. However, a reasonable estimate of book and tax basis was calculated, and the Company made a provisional assertion. In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to repatriate previously taxed earnings and to reinvest all other earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. As part of Tax Reform, the Company incurred U.S. tax on substantially all of the earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries as part of the Transition Tax. This tax increased the Company’s previously taxed earnings and will allow for the repatriation of the majority of its foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. The Company does not believe that there is an excess of the financial reporting basis over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries. Accordingly, any repatriation in excess of previously taxed earnings will be a non-taxable return of basis. This assertion is subject to change as additional information is gathered to precisely compute the book and tax basis of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries.
The Company’s accounting for GILTI is incomplete, and reasonable estimates of the effects are not able to be made. Therefore, no provisional adjustments were recorded. Tax Reform creates a new requirement that GILTI earned by controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) must be included currently in the gross income of the CFCs’ U.S. shareholder. GILTI is the excess of the shareholder’s “net CFC tested income” over the net deemed tangible income return which is currently defined as the excess of (1) 10 percent of the aggregate of the U.S. shareholder’s pro rata share of the qualified business asset investment of each CFC over (2) the amount of certain interest expense taken into account in the determination of net CFC-tested income.
Due to the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, the Company is continuing to evaluate this provision of Tax Reform and the application of ASC 740. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing global income to determine whether future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI are expected and, if so, the expected impact. Whether the Company expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI depends not only on the current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also on the Company’s intent and ability to modify the structure and/or the business. The Company is not yet able to reasonably estimate the effect of this provision of Tax Reform and therefore has not made any adjustments related to potential GILTI tax in the financial statements. In addition, the Company has not made the accounting policy decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI or expense taxes as incurred on GILTI.
The increasedecrease in the effective tax rate from the prior year iswas primarily due to tax charges$6.7 million of $17.9 millionbenefit related to Tax Reform, partiallythe release of a valuation allowance in a foreign jurisdiction and $1.8 million of benefit related to transition tax recorded in 2019. These
benefits are offset by increased tax benefits$6.7 million of $13.1 millionbenefit recorded in 2018 related to stock-based compensation in 2017. In addition, the 2016 effective tax rate was reduced byglobal legal entity structuring and related repatriation benefits of $10.8 millionrestructuring activities that did not recur in 2017. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies related to stock-based compensation to be reflected in the income statement as a component of the provision for income taxes. Previously, these tax effects were reflected in stockholders' equity.2019.
When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate for each respective period, the effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 20172019 and 20162018 were favorably impacted by tax benefits from stock-based compensation, the domestic manufacturingforeign-derived intangible income deduction, and research and development credits. The rates were also favorably impacted by the recurring item of lower statutory tax rates in many of the Company's foreign jurisdictions.
Net Income: The Company's Our net income, for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $259.3 million as compared to net income of $265.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Diluteddiluted earnings per share was $2.98 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $2.99 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were 86.9 million and 89.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Net income | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 5.25 | | | $ | 4.88 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | 85,925 | | | 85,913 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015
Revenue:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2016 | | 2015 | | Amount | | % |
| Revenue: | | | | | | | |
| Lease licenses | $ | 340,331 |
| | $ | 316,367 |
| | $ | 23,964 |
| | 7.6 |
|
| Perpetual licenses | 227,843 |
| | 238,738 |
| | (10,895 | ) | | (4.6 | ) |
| Software licenses | 568,174 |
| | 555,105 |
| | 13,069 |
| | 2.4 |
|
| Maintenance | 394,745 |
| | 364,591 |
| | 30,154 |
| | 8.3 |
|
| Service | 25,546 |
| | 23,057 |
| | 2,489 |
| | 10.8 |
|
| Maintenance and service | 420,291 |
| | 387,648 |
| | 32,643 |
| | 8.4 |
|
| Total revenue | $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 942,753 |
| | $ | 45,712 |
| | 4.8 |
|
With respect to revenue, on average for the year ended December 31, 2016, the U.S. Dollar was 0.5% stronger, when measured against the Company's primary foreign currencies, than for the year ended December 31, 2015. The table below presents the impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. Amounts in brackets indicate a net adverse impact from currency fluctuations. |
| | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
| Euro | $ | (5,595 | ) |
| British Pound | (3,935 | ) |
| South Korean Won | (1,720 | ) |
| Indian Rupee | (941 | ) |
| Japanese Yen | 10,360 |
|
| Other | (416 | ) |
| Total | $ | (2,247 | ) |
The net overall stronger U.S. Dollar also resulted in increased operating income of $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.
International and domestic revenues, as a percentage of total revenue, were 62.8% and 37.2%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2016, and 62.4% and 37.6%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company derived 24.4% and 24.2% of its total revenue through the indirect sales channel for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
In valuing deferred revenue on the balance sheets of the Company's acquisitions as of their respective acquisition dates, the Company applied the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, resulting in a reduction of deferred revenue as compared to its historical carrying amount. As a result, the Company's post-acquisition revenue is less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by ANSYS and each acquiree absent the acquisitions. The impacts on reported revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $0.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
Cost of Sales and Gross Profit:
The table below reflects the Company's operating results as presented on the consolidated statements of income, which are inclusive of foreign currency translation impacts. Amounts included in the discussion that follows are provided in constant currency. The impact, where material, of foreign exchange translation on each expense line is provided separately.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2016 | | 2015 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % of
Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | $ | 28,860 |
| | 2.9 | | $ | 29,105 |
| | 3.1 | | $ | (245 | ) | | (0.8 | ) |
| Amortization | 38,092 |
| | 3.9 | | 38,755 |
| | 4.1 | | (663 | ) | | (1.7 | ) |
| Maintenance and service | 79,908 |
| | 8.1 | | 79,386 |
| | 8.4 | | 522 |
| | 0.7 |
|
| Total cost of sales | 146,860 |
| | 14.9 | | 147,246 |
| | 15.6 | | (386 | ) | | (0.3 | ) |
| Gross profit | $ | 841,605 |
| | 85.1 | | $ | 795,507 |
| | 84.4 | | $ | 46,098 |
| | 5.8 |
|
Software Licenses: Contributing to the minimal change in costs of software were the following two offsetting factors:
Decreased salaries and other headcount-related costs of $1.2 million, primarily due to a decrease in headcount.
Increased third-party royalties of $1.2 million.
Amortization: The net decrease in amortization expense was primarily due to a net decrease in the amortization of acquired technology, partially offset by a net increase in the amortization of trade names.
Maintenance and Service: The net increase in maintenance and service costs was primarily due to the following:
Net increase in salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $3.5 million.
Increased IT-related maintenance and software hosting costs of $0.5 million.
Decreased depreciation and severance costs, each of $0.7 million.
Decreased facility costs of $0.4 million.
Cost reduction related to foreign exchange translation of $0.4 million due to a stronger U.S. Dollar.
Decreased business travel and stock-based compensation, each of $0.3 million.
The improvement in gross profit was a result of the increase in revenue and decrease in related cost of sales.
Operating Expenses:
The table below reflects the Company's operating results as presented on the consolidated statements of income, which are inclusive of foreign currency translation impacts. Amounts included in the discussion that follows are provided in constant currency. The impact, where material, of foreign exchange translation on each expense line is provided separately.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | |
| 2016 | | 2015 | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % of Revenue | | Amount | | % |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 269,515 |
| | 27.3 | | $ | 253,603 |
| | 26.9 | | $ | 15,912 |
| | 6.3 |
|
| Research and development | 183,093 |
| | 18.5 | | 168,831 |
| | 17.9 | | 14,262 |
| | 8.4 |
|
| Amortization | 12,755 |
| | 1.3 | | 19,394 |
| | 2.1 | | (6,639 | ) | | (34.2 | ) |
| Total operating expenses | $ | 465,363 |
| | 47.1 | | $ | 441,828 |
| | 46.9 | | $ | 23,535 |
| | 5.3 |
|
Selling, General and Administrative: The increase in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily due to the following:
$4.7 million of costs associated with an employment-related settlement agreement.
Increased severance costs of $3.2 million.
Net increase in salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $2.1 million.
Increased IT-related maintenance and software hosting costs of $2.1 million.
Increased government charges and taxes of $1.4 million.
Increased marketing costs of $1.2 million.
Research and Development: The net increase in research and development costs was primarily due to the following:
Increased salaries, incentive compensation and other headcount-related costs of $10.6 million.
Increased IT-related maintenance and software hosting costs of $2.1 million.
Increased stock-based compensation of $0.9 million.
Cost reduction due to foreign exchange translation of $1.6 million.
Amortization: The decrease in amortization expense was primarily due to a decrease in the amortization of acquired customer lists that became fully amortized.
Interest Income: Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $4.2 million as compared to $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Interest income increased as a result of an increase in both the Company's average invested cash balances and the average rate of return on those balances.
Other (Expense) Income, net: The Company's other (expense) income consists of the following:
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Foreign currency gains, net | $ | 77 |
| | $ | 486 |
|
| Other | (213 | ) | | (229 | ) |
| Total other (expense) income, net | $ | (136 | ) | | $ | 257 |
|
Income Tax Provision: The Company recorded income tax expense of $114.7 million and had income before income taxes of $380.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, representing an effective tax rate of 30.2%. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded income tax expense of $104.2 million and had income before income taxes of $356.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of 29.2%.
The increase in the effective tax rate from the prior year is primarily due to tax benefits related to the merger of the Company's Japan subsidiaries in 2010 recognized in 2015 that did not recur in 2016, partially offset by tax benefits from restructuring activities in 2016. When compared to the federal and state combined statutory rate, the effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were favorably impacted by the domestic manufacturing deduction and research and development credits. The quarterly benefit of approximately $3.1 million associated with the merger of the Company's Japan subsidiaries was fully amortized in the third quarter of 2015. There will be no additional ongoing benefit from this transaction. The rates were also favorably impacted by the recurring item of lower statutory tax rates in many of the Company's foreign jurisdictions.
Net Income: The Company's net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $265.6 million as compared to net income of $252.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Diluted earnings per share was $2.99 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $2.76 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share were 89.0 million and 91.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Non-GAAP Results
The Company providesWe provide non-GAAP revenue, non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share as supplemental measures to GAAP regarding the Company'sour operational performance. These financial measures exclude the impact of certain items and, therefore, have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A detailed explanation and a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure are describedincluded below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES |
| Reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures |
| (Unaudited) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | Revenue | | Gross Profit | | % | | Operating Income | | % | | Net Income | | EPS - Diluted1 |
| Total GAAP | $ | 1,681,297 | | | $ | 1,456,033 | | | 86.6 | % | | $ | 496,356 | | | 29.5 | % | | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 4.97 | |
| Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue | 14,201 | | | 14,201 | | | 0.1 | % | | 14,201 | | | 0.6 | % | | 14,201 | | | 0.16 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | 13,626 | | | 0.8 | % | | 145,615 | | | 8.6 | % | | 145,615 | | | 1.66 | |
| Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards | — | | | 813 | | | 0.1 | % | | 10,111 | | | 0.6 | % | | 10,111 | | | 0.12 | |
| Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions | — | | | 40,642 | | | 2.4 | % | | 57,241 | | | 3.4 | % | | 57,241 | | | 0.66 | |
| Transaction expenses related to business combinations | — | | | — | | | — | % | | 5,129 | | | 0.3 | % | | 5,129 | | | 0.06 | |
| Rabbi trust (income) / expense | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (6) | | | — | |
| Adjustment for income tax effect | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (81,574) | | | (0.93) | |
| Total non-GAAP | $ | 1,695,498 | | | $ | 1,525,315 | | | 90.0 | % | | $ | 728,653 | | | 43.0 | % | | $ | 584,604 | | | $ | 6.70 | |
1 Diluted weighted average shares were 87,288.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2017 | | 2016 |
| (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | As Reported | | Adjustments | | Non-GAAP Results | | As Reported | | Adjustments | | Non-GAAP Results |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,095,250 |
| | $ | 2,856 |
| (1) | $ | 1,098,106 |
| | $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 103 |
| (4) | $ | 988,568 |
|
| Operating income | 390,728 |
| | 118,567 |
| (2) | 509,295 |
| | 376,242 |
| | 88,114 |
| (5) | 464,356 |
|
| Operating profit margin | 35.7 | % | | | | 46.4 | % | | 38.1 | % | | | | 47.0 | % |
| Net income | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 88,663 |
| (3) | $ | 347,914 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 57,286 |
| (6) | $ | 322,922 |
|
| Earnings per share – diluted: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Earnings per share | $ | 2.98 |
| | | | $ | 4.01 |
| | $ | 2.99 |
| | | | $ | 3.63 |
|
| Weighted average shares | 86,854 |
| | | | 86,854 |
| | 88,969 |
| | | | 88,969 |
|
| |
(1) | Amount represents the revenue not reported during the period as a result of the acquisition accounting adjustment associated with the accounting for deferred revenue in business combinations.
|
| |
(2) | Amount represents $53.2 million of stock-based compensation expense, $49.8 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $11.7 million of restructuring charges, $1.1 million of transaction expenses related to business combinations and the $2.9 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (1) above.
|
| |
(3) | Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (2) above, decreased for the related income tax impact of $52.5 million, excluding the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and rabbi trust income of $0.1 million, and increased for total net impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of $22.7 million.
|
| |
(4) | Amount represents the revenue not reported during the period as a result of the acquisition accounting adjustment associated with the accounting for deferred revenue in business combinations.
|
| |
(5) | Amount represents $50.8 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $33.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, $3.4 million of restructuring charges, $0.4 million of transaction expenses related to business combinations and the $0.1 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (4) above.
|
| |
(6) | Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (5) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $30.8 million.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
|
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | Revenue | | Gross Profit | | % | | Operating Income | | % | | Net Income | | EPS - Diluted1 |
| Total GAAP | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 1,349,619 | | | 89.0 | % | | $ | 515,040 | | | 34.0 | % | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 5.25 | |
| Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue | 12,514 | | | 12,514 | | | 0.1 | % | | 12,514 | | | 0.5 | % | | 12,514 | | | 0.15 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | 8,494 | | | 0.5 | % | | 116,190 | | | 7.7 | % | | 116,190 | | | 1.34 | |
| Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards | — | | | 518 | | | 0.1 | % | | 4,920 | | | 0.3 | % | | 4,920 | | | 0.06 | |
| Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions | — | | | 21,710 | | | 1.4 | % | | 36,879 | | | 2.4 | % | | 36,879 | | | 0.43 | |
| Transaction expenses related to business combinations | — | | | — | | | — | % | | 6,590 | | | 0.4 | % | | 6,590 | | | 0.08 | |
| Rabbi trust (income) / expense | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (369) | | | — | |
| Adjustment related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (1,834) | | | (0.02) | |
| Adjustment for income tax effect | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (61,188) | | | (0.71) | |
| Total non-GAAP | $ | 1,528,406 | | | $ | 1,392,855 | | | 91.1 | % | | $ | 692,133 | | | 45.3 | % | | $ | 564,997 | | | $ | 6.58 | |
1 Diluted weighted average shares were 85,925.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 |
| (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | As
Reported | | Adjustments | | Non-GAAP
Results | | As
Reported | | Adjustments | | Non-GAAP
Results |
| Total revenue | $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 103 |
| (1) | $ | 988,568 |
| | $ | 942,753 |
| | $ | 1,725 |
| (4) | $ | 944,478 |
|
| Operating income | 376,242 |
| | 88,114 |
| (2) | 464,356 |
| | 353,679 |
| | 94,665 |
| (5) | 448,344 |
|
| Operating profit margin | 38.1 | % | | | | 47.0 | % | | 37.5 | % | | | | 47.5 | % |
| Net income | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 57,286 |
| (3) | $ | 322,922 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
| | $ | 60,854 |
| (6) | $ | 313,375 |
|
| Earnings per share – diluted: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Earnings per share | $ | 2.99 |
| | | | $ | 3.63 |
| | $ | 2.76 |
| | | | $ | 3.42 |
|
| Weighted average shares | 88,969 |
| | | | 88,969 |
| | 91,502 |
| | | | 91,502 |
|
| |
(1) | Amount represents the revenue not reported during the period as a result of the acquisition accounting adjustment associated with the accounting for deferred revenue in business combinations. |
| |
(2) | Amount represents $50.8 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $33.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, the $0.1 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (1) above, $3.4 million of restructuring charges and $0.4 million of transaction expenses related to business combinations. |
| |
(3) | Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (2) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $30.8 million. |
| |
(4) | Amount represents the revenue not reported during the period as a result of the acquisition accounting adjustment associated with the accounting for deferred revenue in business combinations. |
| |
(5) | Amount represents $58.1 million of amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in business combinations, $34.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, the $1.7 million adjustment to revenue as reflected in (4) above and $0.8 million of transaction expenses related to business combinations. |
| |
(6) | Amount represents the impact of the adjustments to operating income referred to in (5) above, adjusted for the related income tax impact of $33.8 million. |
Non-GAAP Measures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
|
| Year Ended December 31, 2018 |
| (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | Revenue | | Gross Profit | | % | | Operating Income | | % | | Net Income | | EPS - Diluted1 |
| Total GAAP | $ | 1,293,636 | | | $ | 1,137,751 | | | 87.9 | % | | $ | 476,574 | | | 36.8 | % | | $ | 419,375 | | | $ | 4.88 | |
| Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue | 9,442 | | | 9,442 | | | 0.1 | % | | 9,442 | | | 0.4 | % | | 9,442 | | | 0.11 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | 5,224 | | | 0.4 | % | | 83,346 | | | 6.4 | % | | 83,346 | | | 0.97 | |
| Excess payroll taxes related to stock-based awards | — | | | 354 | | | 0.1 | % | | 4,299 | | | 0.4 | % | | 4,299 | | | 0.05 | |
| Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions | — | | | 27,034 | | | 2.0 | % | | 40,829 | | | 3.1 | % | | 40,829 | | | 0.48 | |
| Transaction expenses related to business combinations | — | | | — | | | — | % | | 3,526 | | | 0.3 | % | | 3,526 | | | 0.04 | |
| Rabbi trust (income) / expense | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | 71 | | | — | |
| Adjustment related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | 895 | | | 0.01 | |
| Adjustment for income tax effect | — | | | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (47,898) | | | (0.56) | |
| Total non-GAAP | $ | 1,303,078 | | | $ | 1,179,805 | | | 90.5 | % | | $ | 618,016 | | | 47.4 | % | | $ | 513,885 | | | $ | 5.98 | |
Management uses1 Diluted weighted average shares were 85,913.
We use non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate the Company'sour historical and prospective financial performance as well as itsour performance relative to itsour competitors, (b) to set internal sales targets and spending budgets, (c) to allocate resources, (d) to measure operational profitability and the accuracy of forecasting, (e) to assess financial discipline over operational expenditures and (f) as an important factor in determining variable compensation for management and its employees. In addition, many financial analysts that follow the Companyus focus on and publish both historical results and future projections based on non-GAAP
financial measures. The Company believesWe believe that it is in the best interest of itsour investors to provide this information to analysts so that they accurately report the non-GAAP financial information. Moreover, investors have historically requested, and the Company haswe have historically reported, these non-GAAP financial measures as a means of providing consistent and comparable information with past reports of financial results.
While management believeswe believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information to investors, there are limitations associated with the use of these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, are not reported by all of the Company'sour competitors and may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures of the Company'sour competitors due to potential differences in the exact method of calculation. The Company compensatesWe compensate for these limitations by using these non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to GAAP financial measures and by reviewing the reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures.
The adjustments to these non-GAAP financial measures, and the basis for such adjustments, are outlined below:
Acquisition accounting for deferred revenue and its related tax impact.revenue. Historically, the Company haswe have consummated acquisitions in order to support itsour strategic and other business objectives. In accordance with the fair value provisions applicable to the accounting for business combinations, acquired deferred revenue is often recorded on the opening balance sheet at an amount that is lower than the historical carrying value. Although this acquisition accounting requirement has no impact on the Company'sour business or cash flow, it adversely impacts the Company'sour reported GAAP revenue in the reporting periods following an acquisition. In order to provide investors with financial information that facilitates comparison of both historical and future results, the Company provideswe provide non-GAAP financial measures which exclude the impact of the acquisition accounting adjustment. The Company believesWe believe that this non-GAAP financial adjustment is useful to investors because it allows investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by managementus in itsour financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past and future reports of financial results of the Company as the revenue reduction related to acquired deferred revenue will not recur when related annual lease licenses and software maintenance contracts are renewed in future periods.
Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions and its related tax impact. The Company incursacquisitions. We incur amortization of intangible assets, included in itsour GAAP presentation of amortization expense, related to various acquisitions it haswe have made. Management excludesWe exclude these expenses and their related tax impact for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when it evaluates thewe evaluate our continuing operational performance of the Company because these costs are fixed at the time of an acquisition, are then amortized over a period of several years after the acquisition and generally cannot be changed or influenced by managementus after the acquisition. Accordingly, management doeswe do not consider these expenses for purposes of evaluating theour performance of the Company during the applicable time period after the acquisition, and it excludeswe exclude such expenses when making decisions to allocate resources. The Company believesWe believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by managementus in itsour financial and operational decision-making, and (b) compare our past reports of financial results of the Company as the Company haswe have historically reported these non-GAAP financial measures.
Stock-based compensation expense and its related tax impact. The Company incursWe incur expense related to stock-based compensation included in itsour GAAP presentation of cost of software licenses; cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. This non-GAAP adjustment also includes excess payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation expense (benefit) incurred in connection with the Company'sour deferred compensation plan held in a rabbi trust includes an offsetting benefit (charge) recorded in other income (expense). Although stock-based compensation is an expense of the Company and viewed as a form of compensation, management excludeswe exclude these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross profit margin, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when it evaluates thewe evaluate our continuing operational performance of the Company. Managementperformance. We similarly excludesexclude income (expense) related to assets held in a rabbi trust in connection with the Company'sour deferred compensation plan. Specifically, the Company excludeswe exclude stock-based compensation and income (expense) related to assets held in the deferred compensation plan rabbi trust during itsour annual budgeting process and itsour quarterly and annual assessments of the Company's and management'sour performance. The annual budgeting process is the primary mechanism whereby the Company allocateswe allocate resources to various initiatives and operational requirements. Additionally, the annual review by theour board of directors during which it compares the Company'sour historical business model and profitability to the planned business model and profitability for the forthcoming year excludes the impact of stock-based compensation. In evaluating the performance of our senior management and department managers, charges related to stock-based compensation are excluded from expenditure and profitability results. In fact, the Company recordswe record stock-based compensation expense into a stand-alone cost center for which no single operational manager is responsible or accountable. In this way, management is able towe can review, on a period-to-period basis, each manager's performance and assess financial discipline over operational expenditures without the effect of stock-based compensation. The Company believesWe believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the Company'sour operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by managementus to review the Company'sour operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in the Company'sour financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.
Restructuring charges and the related tax impact. The Company occasionally incurs
Transaction expenses for restructuring its workforce included in its GAAP presentation of cost of software licenses; cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. Management excludes these expenses for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when it evaluates the continuing operational performance of the Company, as it generally does not incur these expenses as a part of its operations. The Company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the Company's operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by management to review the Company's operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in the Company's financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.
Transaction costs related to business combinations. The Company incurs We incur expenses for professional services rendered in connection with business combinations, which are included in itsour GAAP presentation of research and development expense and selling, general and administrative expense. These expenses are generally not tax-deductible. Management excludesWe exclude these acquisition-related transaction expenses, derived from closedannounced acquisitions, for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating profit margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when it evaluates thewe evaluate our continuing operational performance, of the Company, as itwe generally would not have otherwise incurred these expenses in the periods presented as a part of itsour operations. The Company believesWe believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the Company'sour operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by managementus to review the Company'sour operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in the Company'sour financial reporting as well as comparability with competitors' operating results.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Company We recorded charges in itsimpacts to our income tax provision related to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act including chargesof 2017, specifically for the transition tax related to unrepatriated cash and thecash. We exclude these impacts of the tax rate change on net deferred tax assets. In addition, the Company was not able to realize a tax benefit related to foreign earnings repatriation due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Management excludes these charges and the unrealized benefit for the purpose of calculating non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share when it evaluates thewe evaluate our continuing operational performance, of the Company, as (i) the charges are not expected to recur as part of itsour normal operations and (ii) both the charges and unrealized tax benefit resulted from the extremely infrequent event of major U.S. tax reform, the last such reform having occurred in 1986. The Company believesWe believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors because they allow investors to (a) evaluate the Company'sour operating results and the effectiveness of the methodology used by managementus to review the Company'sour operating results, and (b) review historical comparability in the Company'sour financial reporting.
Non-GAAP tax provision. We utilize a normalized non-GAAP annual effective tax rate (AETR) to calculate non-GAAP measures. This methodology provides better consistency across interim reporting periods by eliminating the effects of non-recurring items and aligning the non-GAAP tax rate with our expected geographic earnings mix. To project this rate, we analyzed our historic and projected non-GAAP earnings mix by geography along with other factors such as our current tax structure, recurring tax credits and incentives, and expected tax positions. On an annual basis we will re-evaluate this rate for significant items that may materially affect our projections.
Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, GAAP. The Company'sOur non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP financial measures and should be read only in conjunction with the Company'sour consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The Company hasWe have provided a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as listed below:
|
| | | | |
| GAAP Reporting Measure | Non-GAAP Reporting Measure |
| Revenue | Non-GAAP Revenue |
| Gross Profit | Non-GAAP Gross Profit |
| Gross Profit Margin | Non-GAAP Gross Profit Margin |
| Operating Income | Non-GAAP Operating Income |
| Operating Profit Margin | Non-GAAP Operating Profit Margin |
| Net Income | Non-GAAP Net Income |
| Diluted Earnings Per Share | Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Amount | | % |
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | | $ | 913,151 | | | $ | 872,382 | | | $ | 40,769 | | | 4.7 | |
| Working capital | | $ | 990,412 | | | $ | 860,340 | | | $ | 130,072 | | | 15.1 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | Amount | | % |
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | | $ | 881,787 |
| | $ | 822,860 |
| | $ | 58,927 |
| | 7.2 |
| Working capital | | $ | 661,713 |
| | $ | 630,301 |
| | $ | 31,412 |
| | 5.0 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain of our foreign subsidiaries of the Company with original maturities of three months to one year. The following table presents the Company'sour foreign and domestic holdings of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | | % of Total | | 2019 | | % of Total |
| Domestic | $ | 582,882 | | | 63.8 | | | $ | 626,433 | | | 71.8 | |
| Foreign | 330,269 | | | 36.2 | | | 245,949 | | | 28.2 | |
| Total | $ | 913,151 | | | | | $ | 872,382 | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2017 | | % of Total | | 2016 | | % of Total |
| Domestic | $ | 561,417 |
| | 63.7 | | $ | 593,348 |
| | 72.1 |
| Foreign | 320,370 |
| | 36.3 | | 229,512 |
| | 27.9 |
| Total | $ | 881,787 |
| | | | $ | 822,860 |
| | |
In general, it is the practice andour intention to permanently reinvest all earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts. Substantially all of the Company to repatriatepre-2018 earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were taxed through the transition tax and post-2018 current earnings are taxed as part of global intangible low-taxed income tax expense. These taxes increase our previously taxed earnings and to reinvest all other earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. As part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in the United States in 2017, the Company incurred U.S. tax on substantially all of the earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company recorded a provisional adjustment for the Transition Tax. This tax increased the Company’s previously taxed earnings and will allow for the repatriation of the majority of itsour foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. The Company does notWhile we believe that there is an excess of the financial reporting basis overbases may be greater than the tax basisbases of investments in foreign subsidiaries. Accordingly,subsidiaries for any repatriationearnings in excess of previously taxed amounts, such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. The cumulative temporary difference related to such permanently reinvested earnings willis approximately $93.0 million and we would anticipate the tax effect on those earnings to be a non-taxable return of basis.immaterial.
The amount of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments held by foreign subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period, the offset to which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company'sour consolidated balance sheet.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 547,310 | | | $ | 499,936 | | | $ | 484,988 | | | $ | 47,374 | | | $ | 14,948 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2017 vs. 2016 | | 2016 vs. 2015 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 430,438 |
| | $ | 365,980 |
| | $ | 375,699 |
| | $ | 64,458 |
| | $ | (9,719 | ) |
Fiscal year 20172020 as compared to fiscal year 20162019
Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the current fiscal year due to increased net income (net of non-cash operating adjustments) of $25.8 million and increased net cash flows from operating assets and liabilities of $46.5 million$21.6 million. The growth in net cash provided by operating activities was impacted by strong customer receipts in the fourth quarter, including both the recovery of payments delayed from earlier in the year due to COVID-19, as well as the receipt of payments that were scheduled to be received in 2021. The growth was further aided by our ability to delay certain income, employment and indirect tax payments to 2021. Despite the strong cash flow, as the COVID-19 crisis lengthens, we continue to experience longer-term payment requests, particularly related to larger contract commitments.
Fiscal year 2019 as compared to fiscal year 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the prior fiscal year due to increased net income (net of non-cash operating adjustments) of $17.9 million.
Fiscal year 2016 as compared to fiscal year 2015
Net cash provided$107.4 million, partially offset by operating activities decreased during the prior fiscal year due to decreased net cash flows from operating assets and liabilities of $19.0 million, partially offset by increased net income (net$92.4 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (614,253) | | | $ | (833,548) | | | $ | (312,231) | | | $ | 219,295 | | | $ | (521,317) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2017 vs. 2016 | | 2016 vs. 2015 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | | $ | (97,443 | ) | | $ | (32,173 | ) | | $ | (62,032 | ) | | $ | (65,270 | ) | | $ | 29,859 |
|
Fiscal year 20172020 as compared to fiscal year 20162019
Net cash used in investing activities decreased during the current fiscal year due primarily to decreased acquisition-related net cash outlays of $214.9 million and decreased capital expenditures of $9.6 million. We currently plan capital spending of $30.0 million to $40.0 million during fiscal year 2021 as compared to the $35.4 million that was spent in fiscal year 2020. The level of spending will depend on various factors, including the growth of the business, general economic conditions and the on going impact of COVID-19.
Fiscal year 2019 as compared to fiscal year 2018
Net cash used in investing activities increased during the currentprior fiscal year due primarily to increased acquisition-related net cash outlays of $56.0$504.2 million and increased capital expenditures of $6.7$23.2 million. The Company currently plans capital spending of $22 million to $27 million during fiscal year 2018 as compared to the $19.1 million that was spent in 2017. The level of spending will be dependent upon various factors, including growth of the business and general economic conditions.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2020 vs. 2019 | | 2019 vs. 2018 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | $ | 96,597 | | | $ | 429,409 | | | $ | (262,675) | | | $ | (332,812) | | | $ | 692,084 | |
Fiscal year 20162020 as compared to fiscal year 20152019
Net cash used in investingprovided by financing activities decreased during the prior fiscal year due to decreased acquisition-related net cash outlays of $38.2 million and decreased capital expenditures of $3.7 million, partially offset by increased net cash outlays of $12.1 million for other investing activities.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, | | Change |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2017 vs. 2016 | | 2016 vs. 2015 |
| Net cash used in financing activities | | $ | (294,651 | ) | | $ | (288,630 | ) | | $ | (299,927 | ) | | $ | (6,021 | ) | | $ | 11,297 |
|
Fiscal year 2017 as compared to fiscal year 2016
Net cash used in financing activities increased during the current fiscal year due primarily to $500.0 million in proceeds from long-term debt incurred in fiscal year 2019 related to the LST acquisition, of which $75.0 million was repaid in 2020 prior to its maturity date, increased stock repurchases of $101.9 million, and increased restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issuedissuing shares of $6.1 million.$28.6 million, partially offset by $375.0 million in proceeds from long-term debt incurred in fiscal year 2020 related to the AGI acquisition.
Fiscal year 20162019 as compared to fiscal year 20152018
Net cash used inprovided by financing activities decreasedincreased during the prior fiscal year due primarily to increased$500.0 million in proceeds from long-term debt incurred in fiscal year 2019 related to the LST acquisition and decreased stock repurchases of $210.7 million, partially offset by increased restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issuing shares issuedof $13.6 million.
Other Commitments - Term Loan Facilities and Operating Lease Obligations
As of December 31, 2020, the carrying values of our term loans were $798.1 million, which is net of $1.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. Borrowings under the term loans accrue interest at the Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin or at the base rate, at our election. The base rate is the applicable margin plus the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, (ii) the Bank of America prime rate and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.000%. The applicable margin for stock-based compensationthese borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of $10.2 million.(1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our debt ratings (if such debt ratings exist). The scheduled maturities of the term loans are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2021 | $ | — | |
| 2022 | 18,750 | |
| 2023 | 37,500 | |
| 2024 | 743,750 | |
| 2025 | — | |
| Total | $ | 800,000 | |
We previously entered into noncancellable operating lease commitments, primarily for our domestic and international offices as well as certain operating equipment. The commitments related to these operating leases are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2021 | $ | 27,311 | |
| 2022 | 24,712 | |
| 2023 | 21,522 | |
| 2024 | 20,264 | |
| 2025 | 17,076 | |
| Thereafter | 50,438 | |
| Total | $ | 161,323 | |
Other Cash Flow Information
The Company believesWe believe that existing cash and cash equivalent balances of $881.5$912.7 million, together with cash generated from operations and access to the $500.0 million revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to meet the Company'sour working capital and capital expenditure requirements through the next twelve months. The Company'sOur cash requirements in the future may also be financed through additional equity or debt financings. ThereHowever, future disruptions in the capital markets could make financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that such financingsfinancing can be obtained on favorablecommercially reasonable terms, ifor at all.
We also believe that our liquidity will allow us to manage the anticipated impact of COVID-19 on our business operations for the foreseeable future. However, our 2020 operating cash flow benefited from cash receipts from customer payments originally scheduled to be paid in FY 2021, as well as customer receipts from December transactions that would have traditionally been paid in the following fiscal year. These activities collectively increased our FY 2020 operating cash flow and will decrease our FY 2021 operating cash flow by approximately $25.0 million. Additionally, FY 2020 operating cash flow benefited from $31.0 million related to the timing of various tax payments, $14.0 million of which will be due in 2021, resulting in a further shifting of operating cash flow between these two periods.
Under the Company'sour stock repurchase program, the Companywe repurchased shares as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Number of shares repurchased | 690 | | | 330 | | | 1,674 | |
| Average price paid per share | $ | 233.48 | | | $ | 179.41 | | | $ | 161.12 | |
| Total cost | $ | 161,029 | | | $ | 59,116 | | | $ | 269,801 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Number of shares repurchased | 2,750 |
| | 3,700 |
| | 3,833 |
|
| Average price paid per share | $ | 122.20 |
| | $ | 90.90 |
| | $ | 88.16 |
|
| Total cost | $ | 336,042 |
| | $ | 336,335 |
| | $ | 337,910 |
|
In February 2018,All of the Company's Boardshares of Directors increasedcommon stock repurchased during the number of shares authorized for repurchase to a total of 5.0 million shares underyear ended December 31, 2020 were repurchased in the stock repurchase program.first quarter. As of December 31, 2017,2020, 2.8 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.
The authorized repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and the pace of the repurchase activity will depend on factors such as working capital needs, cash requirements for acquisitions, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
The Company continuesWe continue to generate positive cash flows from operating activities and believesbelieve that the best uses of itsour excess cash are to invest in the business and repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of its requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value. Additionally, the Company has in the past, and expects in the future, tobusiness; acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products, services and technologies.technologies; and make payments on our outstanding debt balances. Any future acquisitions may be funded by available cash and investments, cash generated from operations, credit facilities,debt financing, or the issuance of additional securities. Additionally, we have in the past, and expect in the future, to repurchase stock in order to both offset dilution and return capital, in excess of our requirements, to stockholders with the goal of increasing stockholder value.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
The Company doesWe do not have any special-purpose entities or off-balance-sheet financing.arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
The Company'sOur significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 20172020 are summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Payments Due by Period |
| (in thousands) | | Total | | Within 1 year | | 2 – 3 years | | 4 – 5 years | | After 5 years |
| Long-term debt: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Principal payments | | $ | 800,000 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 56,250 | | | $ | 743,750 | | | $ | — | |
Interest payments(1) | | 45,153 | | | 12,198 | | | 23,787 | | | 9,168 | | | — | |
Global headquarters operating lease(2) | | 40,735 | | | 4,464 | | | 8,928 | | | 9,130 | | | 18,213 | |
Other operating leases(3) | | 120,588 | | | 22,847 | | | 37,306 | | | 28,210 | | | 32,225 | |
Unconditional purchase obligations(4) | | 74,925 | | | 44,865 | | | 27,509 | | | 2,551 | | | — | |
Obligations related to uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties(5) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Other long-term obligations(6) | | 66,427 | | | 34,177 | | | 15,132 | | | 7,002 | | | 10,116 | |
| Total contractual obligations | | $ | 1,147,828 | | | $ | 118,551 | | | $ | 168,912 | | | $ | 799,811 | | | $ | 60,554 | |
(1)Interest on the long-term debt is estimated using the interest rate as of December 31, 2020, as the interest rate is variable. For additional information, see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)We previously entered into a lease agreement for 186,000 square feet of rentable space located in an office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, which serves as our headquarters. The term of the lease is 183 months, beginning on October 1, 2014 and expiring on December 31, 2029. We have a one-time right to terminate the lease on December 31, 2025 by providing the landlord with at least 18 months' prior written notice of such termination.
(3)Other operating leases primarily include noncancellable lease commitments for our other domestic and international offices as well as certain operating equipment.
(4)Unconditional purchase obligations primarily include royalties and software licenses and services, which are unrecorded as of December 31, 2020.
(5)We have $31.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits, including estimated interest and penalties, that have been recorded as liabilities in accordance with income tax accounting guidance for which we are uncertain as to if or when such amounts may be settled. As a result, such amounts are excluded from the table above.
(6)Other long-term obligations primarily include third-party commissions and technical support of $42.3 million; post-employment benefits, including pension obligations, of $13.9 million for certain foreign locations; deferred employment taxes of $6.9 million; and office space restoration of $3.4 million. These amounts include the related current portions when applicable.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Payments Due by Period |
| (in thousands) | | Total | | Within 1 year | | 2 – 3 years | | 4 – 5 years | | After 5 years |
Global headquarters operating lease(1) | | $ | 36,581 |
| | $ | 4,278 |
| | $ | 8,742 |
| | $ | 8,928 |
| | $ | 14,633 |
|
Other operating leases(2) | | 30,064 |
| | 10,884 |
| | 12,112 |
| | 5,802 |
| | 1,266 |
|
Unconditional purchase obligations(3) | | 51,930 |
| | 22,408 |
| | 24,977 |
| | 4,545 |
| | — |
|
Obligations related to uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties(4) | | 2 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Other long-term obligations(5) | | 31,432 |
| | 5,064 |
| | 7,101 |
| | 4,345 |
| | 14,922 |
|
| Total contractual obligations | | $ | 150,009 |
| | $ | 42,636 |
| | $ | 52,932 |
| | $ | 23,620 |
| | $ | 30,821 |
|
| |
(1) | The Company previously entered into a lease agreement for 186,000 square feet of rentable space located in an office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, which serves as the Company's headquarters. The term of the lease is 183 months, beginning on October 1, 2014 and expiring on December 31, 2029. The Company has a one-time right to terminate the lease effective upon the last day of the tenth full year following the date of possession (December 31, 2024) by providing the landlord with at least 18 months' prior written notice of such termination. |
| |
(2) | Other operating leases primarily include noncancellable lease commitments for the Company's other domestic and international offices as well as certain operating equipment. |
| |
(3) | Unconditional purchase obligations primarily include royalties, software licenses and long-term purchase contracts for network, communication and office maintenance services, which are unrecorded as of December 31, 2017. |
| |
(4) | The Company has $24.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits, including estimated interest and penalties, that have been recorded as liabilities in accordance with income tax accounting guidance for which the Company is uncertain as to if or when such amounts may be settled. As a result, such amounts are excluded from the table above. |
| |
(5) | Other long-term obligations primarily include federal transition tax related to Tax Reform of $15.7 million, post-employment benefits, including pension obligations, of $8.1 million for certain foreign locations of the Company and deferred compensation of $3.3 million (including estimated imputed interest of $87,000 within 1 year). These amounts include the related current portions when applicable. |
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company believesWe believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of itsour consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition: RevenueRecognition: Our revenue is derived principally from the licensing of computer software products and from related maintenance contracts. We enter into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns.
Revenue from perpetual licenses is classified as software license revenue. Software license revenue and is recognized up front upon delivery of the licensed product andand/or the utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys, provided that acceptance has occurred and a signed contractual obligationan enforceable contract has been received, the price is fixedreceived. Typically, our perpetual licenses are sold with post-contract support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and determinable,customer support. We allocate value in bundled perpetual and collectibility of the receivable is probable. The Company determines the fair value of post-contract customer support (PCS) sold together with perpetual licensesPCS arrangements based on the rate charged for PCS when sold separately.standalone selling prices of the perpetual license and PCS. Revenue from PCS contracts is classified as maintenance and service revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract.contract, as we satisfy the PCS performance obligation over time.
RevenueIn addition to perpetual licenses, we sell time-based lease licenses. Lease licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term software license and PCS. Utilizing observable inputs, we determined that 50% of the estimated standalone selling price of the lease license is attributable to the term license and 50% is attributable to the PCS. This determination considered the value relationship for softwareour products between PCS and time-based lease licenses, the value relationship between PCS and perpetual licenses, the average economic life of our products, software renewal rates and the price of the bundled arrangement in relation to the perpetual licensing approach.Consistent with the perpetual sales, the license component is classified as software license revenue and recognized as revenue up front at the commencement of the lease upon delivery of the licensed product and/or utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys. The PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized over the period of the lease contract. Typically, the Company's software leases include PCS which, due to the short term (principally one year or less) of the Company's software lease licenses, is not separated from lease revenue for accounting purposes. Both the lease licenses and PCS are recognized ratably over the lease period. The Company includes the revenue for the entire lease arrangement within software license revenue in the consolidated statements of income.
Many of the Company's semiconductor products are typically licensed via longer term leases of 24–36 months. The Company recognizes revenue for these licenses over the term of the lease contract. Becausecontract, as we satisfy the Company does not have vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value of these leases, the Company also recognizes revenue from perpetual licensesPCS performance obligation over the term of the lease contract during the infrequent occurrence of these licenses being sold with semiconductor leases in multiple-element arrangements.time.
Revenue from training, support and other services is recognized as the services are performed. The Company applies the specific performance method toFor contracts in which the service consists of a single act,performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, andwe recognize revenue upon completion of the proportional performance method to otherobligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple actsperformance obligations (for example, both training and consulting)., we measure the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognize revenue accordingly. In applyingmeasuring progress towards the proportionalcompletion of performance method, the Companyobligations, we typically utilizesutilize output-based estimates for services with contractual billing arrangements that are not based on time and materials, and estimatesestimate output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each work contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure. Proceeds from customers for the purpose of expediting roadmap items, developing new products or creating specific features and functionality for existing products are classified as revenue.
The CompanyWe also executesexecute arrangements through independent channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company'sour software products to end users of the Company'sour products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizesWe recognize revenue from transactions with channel partners whenin a manner consistent with the channel partner submits a written purchase commitment, collectibility from the channel partner is probable, a license agreement signed by the end-user customer is receiveddirect sales described above for both perpetual and delivery has occurred, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are satisfied.time-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Companyus by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is based on the rate charged for PCS when sold separately, and is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its channel partners.
Non-income-relatedNon-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts receivable and accrued expenses. The collection and payment of these amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of income and do not impact reported revenues or expenses.
The Company warrantsWe do not offer right of return. We warrant to itsour customers that itsour software will perform substantially perform as specified in the Company'sour current user manuals. The Company hasWe have not experienced significant claims related to software warranties beyond the scope of maintenance support, which the Company iswe are already obligated to provide. Consequently,The warranty is not sold, and cannot be purchased, separately. The warranty does not provide any type of additional service to the Company has not established reservescustomer or performance obligation for warranty obligations.us.
The Company'sOur agreements with itsour customers generally require itus to indemnify the customer against claims that the Company'sour software infringes third-party patent, copyright, trademark or other proprietary rights. Such indemnification obligations are generally limited in a variety of industry-standard respects, including the Company'sour right to replace an infringing product. As
Significant Judgments
Our contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation. We use the estimated standalone selling price method to allocate the transaction price for each performance obligation. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including market conditions and other observable inputs. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.
We apply a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Sales commissions associated with the initial year of multi-year contracts are expensed as incurred due to their immateriality. Sales commissions associated with multi-year contracts beyond the initial year are subject to an employee service requirement and are expensed as incurred as they are not considered incremental costs to obtain a contract.
We are required to adjust promised amounts of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of the payments provides the customer or us with a significant financing benefit. We consider various factors in assessing whether a financing component exists, including the duration of the contract, market interest rates and the timing of payments. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually by performing a quantitative assessment of whether the fair value of each reporting unit or asset exceeds its carrying amount. We have one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested at this reporting unit level and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested at the individual asset level. This requires us to assess and make judgments regarding a variety of factors which impact the fair value of the reporting unit or asset being tested, including business plans, anticipated future cash flows, economic projections and other market data. Because there are inherent uncertainties involved in these factors, significant differences between these estimates and actual results could result in future impairment charges and could materially impact our future financial results.
During the first quarter of 2020, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2020. Given the adverse economic and market conditions caused by COVID-19, we considered a variety of qualitative factors to determine if an additional quantitative impairment test was required subsequent to our annual impairment test. Based on a variety of factors, including the excess of the fair values over the carrying amounts in the most recent impairment test, we determined it was not more likely than not that an impairment existed as of March 31, 2020. No other events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2017,2020 that would indicate that the Company hadfair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.
Intangible assets are recognized apart from goodwill whenever an acquired intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights, or whenever it is capable of being separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. We determined the fair value of our intangible assets using various valuation techniques, including the relief-from-royalty method and the multi-period excess earnings method. These models utilize certain unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 measurements as defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The determination of fair value requires considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating fair value requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry and economic conditions. These assumptions and estimates include, but are not experienced any losses related to these indemnification obligationslimited to: royalty rate, discount rate and no claims with respect thereto were outstanding.attrition rate. The Company does not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations, and, consequently, the Company has not established any related reserves.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: The Company makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables and provides allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions are provided at differing rates based upon the agefair values of the receivableintangible assets will be amortized over their useful lives. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying amounts of finite-lived intangible assets are both not recoverable and exceed the geographic area of origin. In determining these percentages, the Company considers its historical collection experience and current economic trends in the customer's industry and geographic region. If the historical data used to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts does not reflect the future ability to collect outstanding receivables, additional provisions for doubtful accounts may be needed and future results of operations could be materially affected.fair values.
Income Taxes: The Company accountsTaxes: We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of the enactment date.
The Company recordsWe record net deferred tax assets to the extent it believeswe believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considerswe consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event the Company determineswe determine that itwe will be able to realize deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance was used to reduce their carrying value, the adjustment to the valuation allowance will be recorded as a reduction to the provision for income taxes.
Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return are recorded when such benefits meet a more-likely-than-not threshold. Otherwise, these tax benefits are recorded when a tax position has been effectively settled, which means that the statute of limitations has expired or the appropriate taxing authority has completed theirits examination even though the statute of limitations remains open. The Company recognizes
We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes within the income tax expense line in the consolidated statements of income. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.
GoodwillStock-Based Compensation: We grant restricted stock units and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: other stock awards to employees and directors under our equity incentive plan. Eligible employees can also purchase shares of our common stock at a discount under our employee stock purchase plan. The Company tests goodwillbenefits provided under these plans are stock-based payments subject to the provisions of stock-based payment accounting guidance. We use the fair value method to apply the provisions of stock-based payment accounting guidance. Stock-based compensation expense for 2020, 2019 and indefinite-lived intangible assets2018 was $145.6 million, $116.2 million and $83.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to awards granted prior to that date was $160.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
Prior to 2017, we granted stock option awards. The value of each stock option award was estimated on the date of grant, or date of acquisition for impairment at least annually by performingoptions issued in a quantitative assessmentbusiness combination, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (Black-Scholes model). The determination of whether the fair value of each reporting unit or asset exceeds its carrying amount. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested at the individual asset level. This requires the Company to assess and make judgmentsstock-based payment awards using an option pricing model was affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a varietynumber of factorscomplex and subjective variables. These variables included our stock volatility during the preceding six years, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, interest rate assumptions using the five-year U.S. Treasury Note yield on the date of grant or acquisition date, and expected dividends. The stock-based compensation expense for options was recorded ratably over the requisite service period. As of December 31, 2020, all stock options are fully vested and all expense has been recognized accordingly.
We issue various restricted stock unit awards which impactcontain either a market condition, a performance condition, a service condition, or certain combinations of the three. Restricted stock unit awards are valued based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the employee's requisite service period for awards with only a service condition.
Awards with performance conditions are granted over three one-year sub-performance periods. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized from the grant date through the end of the three-year performance period contingent upon continued employment and management's estimates concerning the probability of vesting.
At times, the Compensation Committee may grant long-term performance awards. Stock based compensation expense for these awards is recognized over the performance period from the grant date through the end of the performance period contingent upon continued employment and management's estimates concerning the probability of vesting.
Vesting of restricted stock unit awards with a market condition is based on our performance as measured by total stockholder return relative to the appreciation of a specified stock index over the measurement period, subject to each participant's continued employment through the conclusion of the measurement period. The fair value of the restricted stock unit awards with a market condition is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of the fair value of the awards is affected by the grant date and several variables, each of which has been identified in the chart below. Stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the award is recorded from the grant date through the conclusion of the measurement period.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.7% | | 2.5% | | 2.4% |
| Expected dividend yield | —% | | —% | | —% |
| Expected volatility—Ansys stock price | 25% | | 23% | | 21% |
| Expected volatility—Nasdaq Composite Index | 18% | | 16% | | 15% |
| Expected term | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years |
| Correlation factor | 0.77 | | 0.71 | | 0.65 |
| Weighted average fair value per share | $245.08 | | $238.99 | | $191.76 |
We also grant restricted stock units to non-employee Directors, which vest upon the earlier of one year from the date of grant or the date of the next regular annual meeting of stockholders. If a non-employee Director retires prior to the vest date, the non-employee Director receives a pro-rata portion of the restricted stock units.
To the extent we change the terms of our stock-based compensation programs, experience market volatility in the pricing of our common stock that increases the implied volatility assumption used in the pricing models, refine different assumptions, or assume stock awards from acquired companies that are different in nature than our stock award arrangements, among other potential impacts, the stock-based compensation expense recorded in future periods and the related tax benefits may differ significantly from what was recorded in previous reporting unit or asset being tested, including business plans, anticipated future cash flows, economic projectionsperiods. Forfeitures of awards are accounted for as they occur.
Estimates of stock-based compensation expense are significant to our financial statements, but this expense is partially based on the aforementioned option valuation and other market data. Because there are inherent uncertainties involved in these factors, significant differences between these estimatesMonte Carlo simulation models and actual results couldwill never result in future impairment chargesthe payment of cash by us other than through the payment of withholding taxes in lieu of additional share issuance. For this reason, and could materially impactbecause we do not view stock-based compensation as related to our operational performance, the Company's future financial results. During the first quarterBoard of 2017, the Company completed the annual impairment test for goodwillDirectors and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2017. No other events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2017 that would indicate that the fair values of the Company's reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assetmanagement exclude stock-based compensation expense when evaluating our underlying business performance.
Contingencies: We are below their carrying values.
Contingencies: The Company is involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. The Company reviewsWe review the status of these matters, assesses itsassess our financial exposure and recordsrecord a related accrual if the potential loss from an investigation, claim or legal proceeding is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. Significant judgment is involved in the determination of probability and in the determination of whether an exposure is reasonably estimable. As a result of the uncertainties involved in making these estimates, the Companywe may have to revise itsour estimates as facts and circumstances change. The revision of these estimates could have a material impact on the Company'sour financial position and results of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation: The Company grants restricted stock units and other stock awards to employees and directors under the Company's stock option and grant plan. Eligible employees can also purchase shares of the Company's common stock at a discount under the Company's employee stock purchase plan. The benefits provided under these plans are share-based payments subject to the provisions of share-based payment accounting guidance. The Company uses the fair value method to apply the provisions of share-based payment accounting guidance. Stock-based compensation expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $53.2 million, $33.3 million and $34.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to unvested stock options and awards granted prior to that date was $107.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The value of each stock option award was estimated on the date of grant, or date of acquisition for options issued in a business combination, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (Black-Scholes model). The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards using an option pricing model is affected by the Company's stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. The table below presents the weighted-average input assumptions used and resulting fair values for options granted or issued in business combinations during each respective year. The stock-based compensation expense for options is recorded ratably over the requisite service period. The interest rate assumptions were determined by using the five-year U.S. Treasury Note yield on the date of grant or date of acquisition. The Company did not grant stock option awards during 2017. |
| | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Risk-free interest rate | | 1.19% to 1.93% | | 1.18% to 1.65% |
| Expected dividend yield | | —% | | —% |
| Expected volatility | | 24% | | 25% |
| Expected term | | 5.7 years | | 5.6 years |
| Weighted-average fair value per share | | $23.96 | | $30.83 |
The Company issues various restricted stock awards which contain a market condition, a performance condition, a service condition, or any combination of the three. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the employee's requisite service period for awards with only a service condition. For awards with a performance condition, stock-based compensation expense is recorded from the service inception date through the conclusion of the measurement period based on management's estimates concerning the probability of vesting.
Vesting of restricted stock awards with a market condition is based on the Company's performance as measured by total shareholder return relative to the appreciation of a specified stock index over the measurement period, subject to each participant's continued employment with the Company through the conclusion of the measurement period. The fair value of the restricted stock awards with a market condition is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of the fair value of the awards is affected by the grant date and a number of variables, each of which has been identified in the chart below for awards granted during each respective period. Share-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the award is being recorded from the grant date through the conclusion of the measurement period.
|
| | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.5% | | 1.0% | | 1.1% |
| Expected dividend yield | —% | | —% | | —% |
| Expected volatility—ANSYS stock price | 19% | | 21% | | 23% |
| Expected volatility—NASDAQ Composite Index | 15% | | 16% | | 14% |
| Expected term | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years |
| Correlation factor | 0.70 | | 0.65 | | 0.60 |
| Weighted-average fair value per share | $120.94 |
| $78.71 |
| $81.61 |
The Company also grants deferred stock awards to non-affiliate Independent Directors, which are rights to receive shares of common stock upon termination of service as a Director. In 2015 and prior, the deferred stock awards were issued quarterly in arrears and vested immediately upon grant. Starting in 2016, the Company issued the deferred stock awards immediately, but the awards vest in full on the one-year anniversary of the grant.
To the extent the Company changes the terms of its stock-based compensation programs, experiences market volatility in the pricing of its common stock that increases the implied volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes model, refines different assumptions, or assumes stock awards from acquired companies that are different in nature than the Company's stock award arrangements, among other potential impacts, the stock-based compensation expense recorded in future periods and the related tax benefits may differ significantly from what was recorded in previous reporting periods. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.
Estimates of stock-based compensation expense are significant to the Company's financial statements, but this expense is partially based on the aforementioned option valuation and Monte Carlo simulation models and will never result in the payment of cash by the Company. For this reason, and because the Company does not view stock-based compensation as related to its
operational performance, the Board of Directors and management exclude stock-based compensation expense when evaluating the Company's underlying business performance.
Recent Accounting Guidance
For information regarding recent accounting guidance and its impact on the Company'sour consolidated financial statements, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Income Rate Risk. Changes in the overall level of interest rates affect the interest income that is generated from the Company'sour cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.investments and the interest expense that is generated from our outstanding borrowings. For the year ended December 31, 2017, total2020, interest income was $7.0$5.1 million. and interest expense was $11.0 million. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as money market funds and deposits held at major banks. Short-term investments consist primarily of deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company with original maturities of three months to one year.
Foreign Currency Transaction Risk. As the Company operateswe operate in international regions, a portion of itsour revenue, expenses, cash, accounts receivable and payment obligations are denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates will affect the Company'sour financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Company is most impacted by movements in and among the Euro, Japanese Yen, South Korean Won, British Pound, Taiwan Dollar, Indian Rupee and U.S. Dollar.currency exchange rate volatility due to COVID-19 has increased our foreign currency transaction risk.
With respect to revenue, on average for the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, the U.S. Dollar was 1.0%approximately 2.4% weaker, when measured against the Company'sour primary foreign currencies, than for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. The table below presents the impacts of currency fluctuations on revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017.2020. Amounts in brackets indicate a net adverse impact from currency fluctuations.
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Euro | $ | 11,803 | |
| Japanese Yen | 4,067 | |
| Taiwan Dollar | 1,376 | |
| British Pound | 1,078 | |
| Indian Rupee | (1,294) | |
| Other | (189) | |
| Total | $ | 16,841 | |
|
| | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |
| Euro | $ | 6,634 |
|
| South Korean Won | 1,439 |
|
| Taiwan Dollar | 886 |
|
| Indian Rupee | 838 |
|
| Japanese Yen | (3,416 | ) |
| British Pound | (1,316 | ) |
| Other | 329 |
|
| Total | $ | 5,394 |
|
The weaker U.S. Dollar alsoimpacts from currency fluctuations resulted in increased operating income of $3.5$12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 20172020 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016.2019.
The most significant currency impacts on revenue and operating income are typically attributable to U.S. Dollar exchange rate changes against the British Pound, Euro and Japanese Yen and South Korean Won asYen. Historical exchange rates for these currency pairs are reflected in the charts below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Period End Exchange Rates |
| As of | EUR/USD | | USD/JPY | |
| December 31, 2020 | 1.221 | | | 103.274 | | |
| December 31, 2019 | 1.121 | | | 108.637 | | |
| December 31, 2018 | 1.147 | | | 109.589 | | |
| December 31, 2017 | 1.200 | | | 112.701 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Average Exchange Rates |
| Year Ended | EUR/USD | | USD/JPY |
| December 31, 2020 | 1.141 | | | 106.761 | |
| December 31, 2019 | 1.119 | | | 109.033 | |
| December 31, 2018 | 1.181 | | | 110.405 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Period End Exchange Rates |
| As of | GBP/USD | | EUR/USD | | USD/JPY | | USD/KRW |
| December 31, 2014 | 1.557 |
| | 1.210 |
| | 119.703 |
| | 1,094.930 |
|
| December 31, 2015 | 1.474 |
| | 1.086 |
| | 120.337 |
| | 1,176.886 |
|
| December 31, 2016 | 1.234 |
| | 1.051 |
| | 116.918 |
| | 1,208.313 |
|
| December 31, 2017 | 1.351 |
| | 1.200 |
| | 112.701 |
| | 1,068.376 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Average Exchange Rates |
| Year Ended | GBP/USD | | EUR/USD | | USD/JPY | | USD/KRW |
| December 31, 2015 | 1.528 |
| | 1.110 |
| | 121.018 |
| | 1,131.542 |
|
| December 31, 2016 | 1.355 |
| | 1.107 |
| | 108.530 |
| | 1,160.699 |
|
| December 31, 2017 | 1.289 |
| | 1.130 |
| | 112.139 |
| | 1,130.945 |
|
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ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly information. The Company believesWe believe that the amounts stated below present fairly the results of such periods when read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Other information required by this Item is included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fiscal Quarter Ended |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | December 31,
2020 | | September 30,
2020 | | June 30,
2020 | | March 31,
2020 |
| Total revenue | | $ | 623,686 | | | $ | 366,965 | | | $ | 385,661 | | | $ | 304,985 | |
| Gross profit | | 555,783 | | | 313,580 | | | 331,801 | | | 254,869 | |
| Operating income | | 259,391 | | | 90,085 | | | 112,807 | | | 34,073 | |
| Net income | | 215,632 | | | 75,627 | | | 96,564 | | | 46,064 | |
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 2.50 | | | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 1.13 | | | $ | 0.54 | |
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 2.46 | | | $ | 0.87 | | | $ | 1.11 | | | $ | 0.53 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fiscal Quarter Ended |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | December 31,
2017 | | September 30,
2017 | | June 30,
2017 | | March 31,
2017 |
| Revenue | | $ | 302,336 |
| | $ | 275,585 |
| | $ | 263,924 |
| | $ | 253,405 |
|
| Gross profit | | 261,524 |
| | 239,602 |
| | 227,586 |
| | 216,374 |
|
| Operating income | | 100,679 |
| | 106,183 |
| | 98,394 |
| | 85,472 |
|
| Net income | | 52,585 |
| | 73,630 |
| | 69,730 |
| | 63,306 |
|
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 0.62 |
| | $ | 0.87 |
| | $ | 0.82 |
| | $ | 0.74 |
|
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 0.61 |
| | $ | 0.85 |
| | $ | 0.80 |
| | $ | 0.73 |
|
| | | | | Fiscal Quarter Ended | | | Fiscal Quarter Ended |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | December 31,
2016 | | September 30,
2016 | | June 30,
2016 | | March 31,
2016 | (in thousands, except per share data) | | December 31,
2019 | | September 30,
2019 | | June 30,
2019 | | March 31,
2019 |
| Revenue | | $ | 270,628 |
| | $ | 245,862 |
| | $ | 246,069 |
| | $ | 225,906 |
| |
| Total revenue | | Total revenue | | $ | 486,228 | | | $ | 343,899 | | | $ | 368,635 | | | $ | 317,130 | |
| Gross profit | | 231,650 |
| | 210,276 |
| | 209,058 |
| | 190,621 |
| Gross profit | | 436,632 | | | 302,534 | | | 328,138 | | | 282,315 | |
| Operating income | | 96,966 |
| | 100,099 |
| | 94,155 |
| | 85,022 |
| Operating income | | 185,716 | | | 105,047 | | | 128,628 | | | 95,649 | |
| Net income | | 69,983 |
| | 69,557 |
| | 69,628 |
| | 56,468 |
| Net income | | 165,852 | | | 89,463 | | | 109,750 | | | 86,230 | |
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 0.81 |
| | $ | 0.80 |
| | $ | 0.79 |
| | $ | 0.64 |
| Earnings per share – basic | | $ | 1.95 | | | $ | 1.06 | | | $ | 1.31 | | | $ | 1.03 | |
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 0.80 |
| | $ | 0.78 |
| | $ | 0.78 |
| | $ | 0.63 |
| Earnings per share – diluted | | $ | 1.91 | | | $ | 1.04 | | | $ | 1.28 | | | $ | 1.01 | |
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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
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ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Company haswe have evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of itsour disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act.
The Company hasWe completed our acquisition of AGI on December 1, 2020 and have not yet included AGI in our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, pursuant to the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a Disclosure Review Committee to assistrecently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of an assessment in the quarterly evaluationyear of acquisition, the scope of our assessment of the Company's internaleffectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures does not include AGI. As of and infor the reviewyear ended December 31, 2020, AGI represented 13.4% of the Company's periodic filings under the Exchange Act. The membershipour consolidated assets and accounted for less than 1% of the Disclosure Review Committee consists of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer; Chief Financial Officer; Vice President of Finance; General Counsel; Senior Director, Global Investor Relations; Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Customer Excellence; Vice President of Human Resources; Vice President, Corporate Marketing and Business Development; Vice President and General Manager, Design and Platform Business Unit; and Vice President and General Manager of Electronics, Fluids and Mechanical. This committee is advised by external counsel, particularly on SEC-related matters. Additionally, other members of the Company's global management team advise the committee with respect to disclosure via a sub-certification process.our consolidated revenues.
The Company believes,We believe, based on itsour knowledge, that the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, theour financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of and for the periods presented in this report. The Company isWe are committed to both a sound internal control environment and to good corporate governance.
From time to time, we review the disclosure controls and procedures, and may periodically make changes to enhance their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We completed our acquisition of AGI on December 1, 2020. In conducting our evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, we excluded AGI from our evaluation for the year ended December 31, 2020 as permitted under current Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, AGI represented 13.4% of consolidated assets and accounted for less than 1% of our consolidated revenues. We are currently in the process of integrating and assessing the internal controls over financial reporting of AGI with the rest of our company. The integration may lead to changes in future periods, but we do not expect these changes to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. We expect to complete this integration during 2021.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
From time to time, the Company reviews the disclosure controls and procedures, and may periodically make changes to enhance their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company's systems evolve with its business.
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate Our system of internal control over financial reporting as such term is defineddesigned to provide reasonable assurance to management and the Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial records used in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participationpreparation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of itsour published financial statements. As all internal control oversystems have inherent limitations, even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial reporting based upon the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.statement preparation and presentation. Based on this evaluation, the Company'sour Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company'sour internal control over financial reporting was effective at December 31, 2017.2020.
Additionally, Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and has issued an attestation report on the Company'sour internal control over financial reporting. This report is included in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in the Company'sour internal controlscontrol over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 20172020 that materially affected, or werethat are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company'sour internal control over financial reporting. During fiscal year 2017, the Company implemented internal controls to ensure it has adequately evaluated contracts and properly assessed the impact
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ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
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ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Company's 2018our 2021 Proxy Statement and is set forth under “Our Board of Directors”,“Corporate Governance at Ansys,” “Director Nominees,” “Continuing Directors Following the 2021 Annual Meeting,” and “Our Executive Officers”Officers,” therein.
We adopted a Code of Business Conduct and “OwnershipEthics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and all of our directors and employees. Our Common Stock” therein.Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted under the Governance tab of the Investor Relations section of our website at https://investors.ansys.com. We will post any amendments to, or waiver of, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer on our website.
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ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Company's 2018our 2021 Proxy Statement and is set forth under “Our Board of Directors”“Compensation Discussion and “Our Executive Officers”Analysis,” “Compensation Policies and Practices Related to Risk Management,” “Fiscal 2020 Tables,” “2020 CEO Pay Ratio,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Corporate Governance at Ansys--Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Non-Employee Director Compensation” and “Director Compensation Table Fiscal Year 2020” therein.
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ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT, AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this Item is incorporatedITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT, AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
We include here by reference to the Company's 2018 Proxy Statementinformation regarding our compensation plans under which shares of our common stock are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2020 in the table that appears under the caption “Proposal 3: Approval of ANSYS, Inc. 2021 Equity and is set forth underIncentive Compensation Plan” and “Ownership of Our Common Stock” therein.in our Proxy Statement to be filed for the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders.
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ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Company's 2018our 2021 Proxy Statement and is set forth under “Our Board of Directors”“Corporate Governance at Ansys--Director Independence” and “Corporate Governance at Ansys--Related-Party Transactions” therein.
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ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the Company's 2018our 2021 Proxy Statement and is set forth under “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”Firm Services and Fees” therein.
PART IV
ITEM 15.EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)Documents Filed as Part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
i.Financial Statements: The following consolidated financial statements and reports are filed as part of this report:
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ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
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(a) | Documents Filed as Part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: |
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1. | Financial Statements: The following consolidated financial statements and reports are filed as part of this report:
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ii.Financial Statement Schedule: The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements.
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2. | Financial Statement Schedule: The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements.
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Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable, are not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
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3. | Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately following the financial statement schedule are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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iii.Exhibits:The Companyexhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately following the financial statement schedule are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(b)Exhibits:
We hereby filesfile as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately following the financial statement schedule of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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(c) | Financial Statement Schedule: |
The Company(c)Financial Statement Schedule:
We hereby filesfile as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) as set forth above.
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting for the Company. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, management has conducted an assessment, including testing, using the financial reporting criteria in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
The Company's system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial records used in preparation of the Company's published financial statements. As all internal control systems have inherent limitations, even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Based on its assessment, management has concluded that the Company maintained an effective system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, as stated in their report which appears in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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| | |
/s/ AJEI S. GOPAL
| | /s/ MARIA T. SHIELDS
|
Ajei S. Gopal | | Maria T. Shields |
President and Chief Executive Officer | | Chief Financial Officer |
February 22, 2018 | | February 22, 2018 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ANSYS, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ANSYS, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company"“Company”) as of December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders'stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2020, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"“financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 22, 2018,24, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of the new leasing standard. The Company adopted the new leasing standard using a modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company'sCompany’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company'sCompany’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Revenue—Time-Based Lease Licenses—Refer to Notes 2 and 3 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company sells time-based lease (TBL) licenses that are a bundled arrangement that include the rights to a term software license as well as post-contract support (PCS). Revenue is recognized up front at the commencement of the lease for the term software license and recognized ratably over the term of the contract for the PCS in the arrangement. Utilizing observable inputs, the Company determined that 50% of the estimated standalone selling price of the TBL is attributable to the term software license, while 50% is attributable to PCS. This determination involved judgment, particularly as it relates to the value relationship between the Company’s PCS to TBLs, the value relationship between PCS and the Company’s perpetual licenses
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/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
February 22, 2018 |
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002. |
and its linkage to the shortened term of a TBL, the average economic life of the Company’s software, renewal rates of its customers, and the price of the bundled arrangement in relation to the perpetual licensing approach.
Given the judgments necessary to determine the allocation between the term software license and PCS, auditing this estimate involved a high degree of auditor judgment.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to management’s estimate of the allocation between the term software license and PCS in a TBL included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over TBL revenue, including those over the determination of the estimated standalone selling price of the Company’s licenses and services, as well as the allocation of this standalone selling price within the arrangement.
•We evaluated the pricing relationship between PCS and perpetual licenses on the net licensing fee of the arrangement, as well as the Company’s renewal rate of PCS sales on perpetual licenses through those arrangements selected for testing that contained both elements as a consideration point of the value relationship between the term software license and PCS when a customer purchases a bundled TBL.
•We evaluated the estimated economic life of the Company’s software through observable data points.
•Through our current and historical audit procedures, we confirmed that the term software license portion and PCS portion of an arrangement are not sold separately from one another.
•We selected a sample of arrangements and performed the following:
–Compared the list price of the TBL to the consideration received from the customer and recalculated the discount from list price for each arrangement
–Evaluated whether management appropriately calculated the estimated standalone selling price for the TBL
–Tested management’s identification of distinct performance obligations
–Tested the mathematical accuracy of revenue recognized at a point in time or over time based upon the identification of TBLs within the arrangement
Acquisitions — Analytical Graphics, Inc. — Developed Technology Intangible Asset — Refer to Notes 2 and 4 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company completed the acquisition of Analytical Graphics, Inc. for $722.5 million on December 1, 2020. The Company accounted for the acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values, including the developed technology intangible asset of $184.1 million. Management estimated the fair value of the developed technology intangible asset using the relief from royalty method. The fair value determination of the developed technology intangible asset required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to the selection of the valuation method, royalty rate, revenue growth rate, and the selection of the discount rate.
Given the fair value determination of the developed technology intangible asset requires management to use judgment in the selection of the valuation method, as well as make significant estimates and assumptions related to the forecasts of future revenue growth, the selection of the royalty rate and the selection of the discount rate, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of these estimates and assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of future revenue growth, the selection of the royalty rate, and the selection of the discount rate for the developed technology intangible asset included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the valuation of the developed technology asset, including management’s controls over forecasts of future revenue growth, the selection of the royalty rate and the selection of the discount rate.
•We assessed the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of future revenue growth by comparing the projections to historical results and certain industry data.
•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology, (2) royalty rate, and (3) discount rate by:
–Evaluating the selected royalty rate against market observations of comparable licensing agreements.
–Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
–Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
February 24, 2021
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ANSYS, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of ANSYS, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control -— Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017,2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control -— Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, of the Company and our report dated February 22, 2018,24, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Analytical Graphics, Inc. (“AGI”), which was acquired on December 1, 2020, and whose financial statements constitute 13.4% of total consolidated assets and less than 1% of revenues of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at AGI.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
February 24, 2021
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/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
February 22, 2018 |
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| (in thousands, except share and per share data) | 2017 | | 2016 | (in thousands, except share and per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| ASSETS | | | | ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | | Current assets: | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 881,501 |
| | $ | 822,479 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 912,672 | | | $ | 872,094 | |
| Short-term investments | 286 |
| | 381 |
| Short-term investments | 479 | | | 288 | |
| Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,800 and $5,700, respectively | 124,659 |
| | 107,192 |
| |
| Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $14,000 and $8,700, respectively | | Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $14,000 and $8,700, respectively | 537,564 | | | 433,479 | |
| Other receivables and current assets | 263,820 |
| | 239,349 |
| Other receivables and current assets | 268,522 | | | 249,619 | |
| Total current assets | 1,270,266 |
| | 1,169,401 |
| Total current assets | 1,719,237 | | | 1,555,480 | |
| Long-term assets: | | Long-term assets: | | | |
| Property and equipment, net | 57,096 |
| | 54,677 |
| Property and equipment, net | 96,503 | | | 83,636 | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | | Operating lease right-of-use assets | 137,730 | | | 105,671 | |
| Goodwill | 1,378,553 |
| | 1,337,215 |
| Goodwill | 3,038,306 | | | 2,413,280 | |
| Other intangible assets, net | 157,625 |
| | 172,619 |
| Other intangible assets, net | 694,865 | | | 476,711 | |
| Other long-term assets | 35,972 |
| | 24,287 |
| Other long-term assets | 225,119 | | | 180,032 | |
| Deferred income taxes | 42,111 |
| | 42,327 |
| Deferred income taxes | 28,830 | | | 24,077 | |
| Total long-term assets | | Total long-term assets | 4,221,353 | | | 3,283,407 | |
| Total assets | $ | 2,941,623 |
| | $ | 2,800,526 |
| Total assets | $ | 5,940,590 | | | $ | 4,838,887 | |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | | | | LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | | Current liabilities: | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 6,042 |
| | $ | 7,395 |
| Accounts payable | $ | 18,691 | | | $ | 14,298 | |
| Accrued bonuses and commissions | 69,925 |
| | 49,487 |
| Accrued bonuses and commissions | 112,491 | | | 101,546 | |
| Accrued income taxes | 5,760 |
| | 5,263 |
| Accrued income taxes | 26,116 | | | 9,996 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | | Current portion of long-term debt | 0 | | | 75,000 | |
| Other accrued expenses and liabilities | 86,335 |
| | 73,676 |
| Other accrued expenses and liabilities | 199,466 | | | 142,947 | |
| Deferred revenue | 440,491 |
| | 403,279 |
| Deferred revenue | 372,061 | | | 351,353 | |
| Total current liabilities | 608,553 |
| | 539,100 |
| Total current liabilities | 728,825 | | | 695,140 | |
| Long-term liabilities: | | | | Long-term liabilities: | | | |
| Deferred income taxes | 1,461 |
| | 2,259 |
| Deferred income taxes | 110,321 | | | 78,643 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | | Long-term operating lease liabilities | 120,940 | | | 91,768 | |
| Long-term debt | | Long-term debt | 798,118 | | | 423,531 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 85,778 |
| | 50,762 |
| Other long-term liabilities | 84,514 | | | 96,426 | |
| Total long-term liabilities | 87,239 |
| | 53,021 |
| Total long-term liabilities | 1,113,893 | | | 690,368 | |
| Commitments and contingencies |
|
| |
|
| Commitments and contingencies | 0 | | 0 |
| Stockholders' equity: | | | | Stockholders' equity: | |
| Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding | — |
| | — |
| |
| Common stock, $.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 93,236,023 shares issued | 932 |
| | 932 |
| |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding | | Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,266,320 and 94,627,585 shares issued, respectively | | Common stock, $0.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 95,266,320 and 94,627,585 shares issued, respectively | 953 | | | 946 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 873,357 |
| | 883,010 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 1,434,203 | | | 1,188,939 | |
| Retained earnings | 2,316,916 |
| | 2,057,665 |
| Retained earnings | 3,804,593 | | | 3,370,706 | |
| Treasury stock, at cost: 9,044,498 and 7,548,188 shares, respectively | (907,530 | ) | | (675,550 | ) | |
| Treasury stock, at cost: 8,693,809 and 8,893,177 shares, respectively | | Treasury stock, at cost: 8,693,809 and 8,893,177 shares, respectively | (1,124,102) | | | (1,041,831) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (37,844 | ) | | (57,652 | ) | Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (17,775) | | | (65,381) | |
| Total stockholders' equity | 2,245,831 |
| | 2,208,405 |
| Total stockholders' equity | 4,097,872 | | | 3,453,379 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 2,941,623 |
| | $ | 2,800,526 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 5,940,590 | | | $ | 4,838,887 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | (in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Revenue: | | | | | | Revenue: | | | | | |
| Software licenses | $ | 624,964 |
| | $ | 568,174 |
| | $ | 555,105 |
| Software licenses | $ | 780,850 | | | $ | 699,630 | | | $ | 576,717 | |
| Maintenance and service | 470,286 |
| | 420,291 |
| | 387,648 |
| Maintenance and service | 900,447 | | | 816,262 | | | 716,919 | |
| Total revenue | 1,095,250 |
| | 988,465 |
| | 942,753 |
| Total revenue | 1,681,297 | | | 1,515,892 | | | 1,293,636 | |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | Cost of sales: | | | | | |
| Software licenses | 34,421 |
| | 28,860 |
| | 29,105 |
| Software licenses | 30,618 | | | 23,944 | | | 18,619 | |
| Amortization | 36,794 |
| | 38,092 |
| | 38,755 |
| Amortization | 40,642 | | | 21,710 | | | 27,034 | |
| Maintenance and service | 78,949 |
| | 79,908 |
| | 79,386 |
| Maintenance and service | 154,004 | | | 120,619 | | | 110,232 | |
| Total cost of sales | 150,164 |
| | 146,860 |
| | 147,246 |
| Total cost of sales | 225,264 | | | 166,273 | | | 155,885 | |
| Gross profit | 945,086 |
| | 841,605 |
| | 795,507 |
| Gross profit | 1,456,033 | | | 1,349,619 | | | 1,137,751 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | Operating expenses: | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | 338,640 |
| | 269,515 |
| | 253,603 |
| Selling, general and administrative | 587,707 | | | 521,200 | | | 413,580 | |
| Research and development | 202,746 |
| | 183,093 |
| | 168,831 |
| Research and development | 355,371 | | | 298,210 | | | 233,802 | |
| Amortization | 12,972 |
| | 12,755 |
| | 19,394 |
| Amortization | 16,599 | | | 15,169 | | | 13,795 | |
| Total operating expenses | 554,358 |
| | 465,363 |
| | 441,828 |
| Total operating expenses | 959,677 | | | 834,579 | | | 661,177 | |
| Operating income | 390,728 |
| | 376,242 |
| | 353,679 |
| Operating income | 496,356 | | | 515,040 | | | 476,574 | |
| Interest income | 6,962 |
| | 4,209 |
| | 2,829 |
| Interest income | 5,073 | | | 12,796 | | | 11,419 | |
| Other (expense) income, net | (1,996 | ) | | (136 | ) | | 257 |
| |
| Interest expense | | Interest expense | (10,988) | | | (3,461) | | | (59) | |
| Other income (expense), net | | Other income (expense), net | 3,484 | | | (1,792) | | | (849) | |
| Income before income tax provision | 395,694 |
| | 380,315 |
| | 356,765 |
| Income before income tax provision | 493,925 | | | 522,583 | | | 487,085 | |
| Income tax provision | 136,443 |
| | 114,679 |
| | 104,244 |
| Income tax provision | 60,038 | | | 71,288 | | | 67,710 | |
| Net income | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
| Net income | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
| Earnings per share – basic: | | | | | | Earnings per share – basic: | | | | | |
| Earnings per share | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 2.82 |
| Earnings per share | $ | 5.05 | | | $ | 5.36 | | | $ | 4.99 | |
| Weighted average shares | 84,988 |
|
| 87,227 |
| | 89,561 |
| Weighted average shares | 85,840 | | | 84,259 | | | 83,973 | |
| Earnings per share – diluted: | | | | | | Earnings per share – diluted: | | | | | |
| Earnings per share | $ | 2.98 |
| | $ | 2.99 |
| | $ | 2.76 |
| Earnings per share | $ | 4.97 | | | $ | 5.25 | | | $ | 4.88 | |
| Weighted average shares | 86,854 |
|
| 88,969 |
| | 91,502 |
| Weighted average shares | 87,288 | | | 85,925 | | | 85,913 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Net income | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
| Net income | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | Other comprehensive income (loss): | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 19,808 |
| | (5,488 | ) | | (20,410 | ) | Foreign currency translation adjustments | 47,606 | | | (3,002) | | | (24,535) | |
| Comprehensive income | $ | 279,059 |
| | $ | 260,148 |
| | $ | 232,111 |
| Comprehensive income | $ | 481,493 | | | $ | 448,293 | | | $ | 394,840 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 | (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
| Net income | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 67,678 |
| | 69,587 |
| | 77,670 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 85,275 | | | 60,516 | | | 59,255 | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets amortization | | Operating lease right-of-use assets amortization | 20,971 | | | 18,459 | | | — | |
| Deferred income tax benefit | (2,693 | ) | | (10,921 | ) | | (15,196 | ) | Deferred income tax benefit | (30,932) | | | (14,511) | | | (33,675) | |
| Provision for bad debts | 1,474 |
| | 2,009 |
| | 1,304 |
| Provision for bad debts | 6,438 | | | 2,928 | | | 1,577 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 53,154 |
| | 33,347 |
| | 33,951 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 145,615 | | | 116,190 | | | 83,346 | |
| Other | 21 |
| | 1,290 |
| | 1,413 |
| Other | 2,180 | | | 2,778 | | | 410 | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
| Accounts receivable | (14,406 | ) | | (17,388 | ) | | 6,044 |
| Accounts receivable | (160,319) | | | (154,403) | | | (74,455) | |
| Other receivables and current assets | (18,498 | ) | | (39,644 | ) | | (17,662 | ) | Other receivables and current assets | (2,312) | | | (26,182) | | | (30,241) | |
| Other long-term assets | 2,343 |
| | (7,167 | ) | | 273 |
| Other long-term assets | (14,818) | | | (5,622) | | | 1,839 | |
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities | 27,045 |
| | 16,919 |
| | (6,993 | ) | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and current liabilities | 21,362 | | | 38,543 | | | 19,920 | |
| Accrued income taxes | 1,215 |
| | 9,052 |
| | 5,770 |
| Accrued income taxes | 19,713 | | | 575 | | | 1,086 | |
| Deferred revenue | 20,648 |
| | 41,430 |
| | 40,566 |
| Deferred revenue | 5,448 | | | 17,245 | | | 56,213 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 33,206 |
| | 1,830 |
| | (3,962 | ) | Other long-term liabilities | 14,802 | | | (7,875) | | | (19,662) | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 430,438 |
| | 365,980 |
| | 375,699 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 547,310 | | | 499,936 | | | 484,988 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (63,885 | ) | | (7,891 | ) | | (46,117 | ) | Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (572,328) | | | (787,196) | | | (283,026) | |
| Capital expenditures | (19,149 | ) | | (12,443 | ) | | (16,145 | ) | Capital expenditures | (35,370) | | | (44,940) | | | (21,762) | |
| Other investing activities | (14,409 | ) | | (11,839 | ) | | 230 |
| Other investing activities | (6,555) | | | (1,412) | | | (7,443) | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (97,443 | ) | | (32,173 | ) | | (62,032 | ) | Net cash used in investing activities | (614,253) | | | (833,548) | | | (312,231) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | |
| Proceeds from long-term debt | | Proceeds from long-term debt | 375,000 | | | 500,000 | | | 0 | |
| Principal payments on long-term debt | | Principal payments on long-term debt | (75,000) | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Purchase of treasury stock | (336,042 | ) | | (336,335 | ) | | (337,910 | ) | Purchase of treasury stock | (161,029) | | | (59,116) | | | (269,801) | |
| Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares | (11,112 | ) | | (5,057 | ) | | (4,446 | ) | Restricted stock withholding taxes paid in lieu of issued shares | (71,019) | | | (42,431) | | | (28,879) | |
| Contingent consideration payments | — |
| | (1,048 | ) | | (1,173 | ) | |
| Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation | 52,503 |
| | 53,811 |
| | 43,623 |
| Proceeds from shares issued for stock-based compensation | 29,560 | | | 34,093 | | | 41,019 | |
| Other financing activities | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (21 | ) | Other financing activities | (915) | | | (3,137) | | | (5,014) | |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (294,651 | ) | | (288,630 | ) | | (299,927 | ) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 96,597 | | | 429,409 | | | (262,675) | |
| Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents | 20,678 |
| | (6,866 | ) | | (17,636 | ) | Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents | 10,924 | | | (842) | | | (14,444) | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 59,022 |
| | 38,311 |
| | (3,896 | ) | Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 40,578 | | | 94,955 | | | (104,362) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 822,479 |
| | 784,168 |
| | 788,064 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 872,094 | | | 777,139 | | | 881,501 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 881,501 |
| | $ | 822,479 |
| | $ | 784,168 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 912,672 | | | $ | 872,094 | | | $ | 777,139 | |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | | Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | |
| Income taxes paid | $ | 116,389 |
| | $ | 118,455 |
| | $ | 107,218 |
| Income taxes paid | $ | 54,174 | | | $ | 86,770 | | | $ | 87,244 | |
| Interest paid | $ | 199 |
| | $ | 822 |
| | $ | 620 |
| Interest paid | $ | 11,941 | | | $ | 787 | | | $ | 114 | |
| Fair value of stock options and restricted stock awards assumed in connection with acquisitions | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3,528 |
| |
| Fair value of common stock issued and unpaid consideration in connection with acquisitions | | Fair value of common stock issued and unpaid consideration in connection with acquisitions | $ | 232,690 | | | $ | 307,173 | | | $ | 0 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
| | | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income | | Total Stockholders' Equity | | Common Stock | | Additional
Paid-In
Capital | | Retained
Earnings | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss)/Income | | Total
Stockholders'
Equity |
| (in thousands) | Shares | | Amount | | Shares | | Amount | | (in thousands) | Shares | | Amount | | Shares | | Amount | |
| Balance, January 1, 2015 | 93,236 | | $ | 932 |
| | $ | 904,825 |
| | $ | 1,539,508 |
| | 2,471 |
| | $ | (196,010 | ) | | $ | (31,754 | ) | | $ | 2,217,501 |
| |
| Balance, January 1, 2018 | | Balance, January 1, 2018 | 93,236 | | $ | 932 | | | $ | 873,357 | | | $ | 2,316,916 | | | 9,044 | | | $ | (907,530) | | | $ | (37,844) | | | $ | 2,245,831 | |
| Cumulative effect of the ASC 606 adoption | | Cumulative effect of the ASC 606 adoption | | 183,120 | | | 183,120 | |
| Treasury shares acquired | | | | | | | | 3,833 |
| | (337,910 | ) | | | | (337,910 | ) | Treasury shares acquired | | 1,674 | | | (269,801) | | | (269,801) | |
| Stock-based compensation activity, including tax benefit of $6,068 |
| |
|
| | (8,434 | ) | | | | (1,139 | ) | | 87,631 |
| | | | 79,197 |
| |
| Stock-based compensation activity | | Stock-based compensation activity | | (5,895) | | | (1,116) | | | 101,452 | | | 95,557 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | | (20,410 | ) | | (20,410 | ) | Other comprehensive loss | | (24,535) | | | (24,535) | |
| Net income for the year | | | | | | 252,521 |
| | | | | | | | 252,521 |
| Net income for the year | | 419,375 | | | 419,375 | |
| Acquisition-related activity | | | | | (1,922 | ) | | | | (68 | ) | | 5,450 |
| | | | 3,528 |
| |
| Balance, December 31, 2015 | 93,236 | | 932 |
| | 894,469 |
| | 1,792,029 |
| | 5,097 |
| | (440,839 | ) | | (52,164 | ) | | 2,194,427 |
| |
| Balance, December 31, 2018 | | Balance, December 31, 2018 | 93,236 | | 932 | | | 867,462 | | | 2,919,411 | | | 9,602 | | | (1,075,879) | | | (62,379) | | | 2,649,547 | |
| Acquisition of Livermore Software Technology, LLC | | Acquisition of Livermore Software Technology, LLC | 1,392 | | | 14 | | | 307,159 | | | 307,173 | |
| Treasury shares acquired | | | | | | | | 3,700 |
| | (336,335 | ) | | | | (336,335 | ) | Treasury shares acquired | | 330 | | | (59,116) | | | (59,116) | |
| Stock-based compensation activity, including tax benefit of $8,065 |
| |
|
| | (11,459 | ) | | | | (1,249 | ) | | 101,624 |
| | | | 90,165 |
| |
| Stock-based compensation activity | | Stock-based compensation activity | | 14,318 | | | (1,039) | | | 93,164 | | | 107,482 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | | (5,488 | ) | | (5,488 | ) | Other comprehensive loss | | (3,002) | | | (3,002) | |
| Net income for the year | | | | | | | 265,636 |
| | | | | | | | 265,636 |
| Net income for the year | | 451,295 | | | 451,295 | |
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | 93,236 | | 932 |
| | 883,010 |
| | 2,057,665 |
| | 7,548 |
| | (675,550 | ) | | (57,652 | ) | | 2,208,405 |
| |
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | | Balance, December 31, 2019 | 94,628 | | 946 | | | 1,188,939 | | | 3,370,706 | | | 8,893 | | | (1,041,831) | | | (65,381) | | | 3,453,379 | |
| Acquisition of Livermore Software Technology, LLC | | Acquisition of Livermore Software Technology, LLC | | 1,030 | | | (6) | | | 501 | | 1,531 | |
| Acquisition of Analytical Graphics Inc. | | Acquisition of Analytical Graphics Inc. | 638 | | | 7 | | | 218,108 | | | (3) | | | 233 | | | 218,348 | |
| Treasury shares acquired | | | | | | | | 2,750 |
| | (336,042 | ) | | | | (336,042 | ) | Treasury shares acquired | | 690 | | | (161,029) | | | (161,029) | |
| Stock-based compensation activity |
| |
|
| | (9,653 | ) | | | | (1,254 | ) | | 104,062 |
| | | | 94,409 |
| Stock-based compensation activity | | 26,126 | | | (880) | | | 78,024 | | | 104,150 | |
| Other comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | 19,808 |
| | 19,808 |
| Other comprehensive income | | 47,606 | | | 47,606 | |
| Net income for the year | | | | | | 259,251 |
| | | | | | | | 259,251 |
| Net income for the year | | 433,887 | | | 433,887 | |
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | 93,236 | | $ | 932 |
| | $ | 873,357 |
| | $ | 2,316,916 |
| | 9,044 |
| | $ | (907,530 | ) | | $ | (37,844 | ) | | $ | 2,245,831 |
| |
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | | Balance, December 31, 2020 | 95,266 | | $ | 953 | | | $ | 1,434,203 | | | $ | 3,804,593 | | | 8,694 | | | $ | (1,124,102) | | | $ | (17,775) | | | $ | 4,097,872 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 20172020
ANSYS, Inc. (hereafter the Company or ANSYS) develops1.Organization
We develop and globally marketsmarket engineering simulation software and services widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia, including aerospace and defense, automotive, electronics, semiconductors, energy, materials and chemical processing, turbomachinery, consumer products, healthcare, and sports.
As defined by the accounting guidance for segment reporting, the Company operateswe operate as one1 segment.
Given the integrated approach to the multi-discipline problem-solving needs of the Company'sour customers, a single sale of software may contain components from multiple product areas and include combined technologies. The CompanyWe also hashave a multi-year product and integration strategy that will result in new, combined products or changes to the historical product offerings. As a result, it is impracticable for the Companyus to provide accurate historical or current reporting among itsour various product lines.
We are closely monitoring the spread of COVID-19 and continually mitigating its potential effects on our business. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business and our employees.
2.Accounting Policies
Accounting Principles
The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Certain items in the consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on reported net income, comprehensive income, cash flows, total assets or total liabilities and stockholders' equity.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include theour accounts and those of the Company and itsour wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
Leases: In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases(Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02). We adopted ASU 2016-02 and its related amendments (collectively known as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842) on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 840, Leases. ASC 842 requires virtually all leases, other than leases of intangible assets, to be recorded on the balance sheet with a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a corresponding lease liability.
We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed us to carry forward our historical assessments of whether a contract contains a lease, lease classification and initial direct costs. In addition, we elected the accounting policy to combine the lease and nonlease components as a single component for all asset classes.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are classified as either operating or finance leases based on certain criteria. This classification determines the timing and presentation of expenses on the income statement, as well as the presentation of the related cash flows and balance sheet. Operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet as operating lease right-of-use assets, other accrued expenses and liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities. We currently have no finance leases.
ROU assets and related liabilities are recorded at lease commencement based on the present value of the lease payments over the expected lease term. Lease payments include future increases unless the increases are based on changes in an index or rate. As our leases do not usually provide an implicit rate, our incremental borrowing rate is used to calculate ROU assets and related liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate is determined based on our estimated credit rating, the term of the lease, the economic environment where the asset resides and full collateralization. The ROU assets and related lease liabilities include
optional renewals for which we are reasonably certain to exercise; whereas, optional terminations are included unless it is reasonably certain not to be elected.
The adoption of the new standard resulted in the recognition of ROU assets of $90.9 million and lease liabilities of $92.5 million, and corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities, on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. The adoption had no impact on our consolidated statements of income or cash flows.
Credit losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 with no material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Previous guidance required the allowance for doubtful accounts to be estimated based on an incurred loss model, which considered past and current conditions. ASU 2016-13 requires us to use an expected loss model that also considers reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions, referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology.
Under ASU 2016-13, we make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables over the lifetime of the receivables. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions are estimated at differing rates based upon the age of the receivable. In determining these percentages, we consider our historical loss experience, current economic trends and future conditions.
Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted
Income taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The amendments in ASU 2019-12 eliminate certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. We do not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Significant estimates included in these consolidated financial statements include:
•Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable
•Income tax accruals including those related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
•Uncertain tax positions
•Tax valuation reserves
•Fair value of stock-based compensation and probabilities of performance award attainment
•Contract revenue
•Standalone selling prices of our products and services
•Acquired deferred revenue
•Useful lives for depreciation and amortization
•Valuations of goodwill and other intangible assets
•Deferred compensation
•Loss contingencies
•Operating lease assets and liabilities
Actual results could differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the results of operations in the period that the changes occur.
Revenue Recognition
RevenueOur revenue is derived principally from the licensing of computer software products and from related maintenance contracts. We enter into contracts that include combinations of products, maintenance and services, which are accounted for as separate performance obligations with differing revenue recognition patterns.
Revenue from perpetual licenses is classified as software license revenue. Software license revenue and is recognized up front upon delivery of the licensed product andand/or the utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys, provided that acceptance has occurred and a signed contractual obligationan enforceable contract has been received, the price is fixedreceived. Typically, our perpetual licenses are sold with post-contract support (PCS), which includes unspecified technical enhancements and determinable,customer support. We allocate value in bundled perpetual and collectibility of the receivable is probable. The Company determines the fair value of PCS sold together with perpetual licensesarrangements based on the rate charged for PCS when sold separately.standalone selling prices of the perpetual license and PCS. Revenue from PCS contracts is classified as maintenance and service revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the contract.contract, as we satisfy the PCS performance obligation over time.
RevenueIn addition to perpetual licenses, we sell time-based lease licenses. Lease licenses are sold only as a bundled arrangement that includes the rights to a term software license and PCS. Utilizing observable inputs, we determined that 50% of the estimated standalone selling price of the lease license is attributable to the term license and 50% is attributable to the PCS. This determination considered the value relationship for softwareour products between PCS and time-based lease licenses, the value relationship between PCS and perpetual licenses, the average economic life of our products, software renewal rates and the price of the bundled arrangement in relation to the perpetual licensing approach.Consistent with the perpetual sales, the license component is classified as software license revenue and recognized as revenue up front at the commencement of the lease upon delivery of the licensed product and/or utility that enables the customer to access authorization keys. The PCS is classified as maintenance revenue and is recognized over the period of the lease contract. Typically, the Company's software leases include PCS which, due to the short term (principally one year or less) of the Company's software lease licenses, cannot be separated from lease revenue for accounting purposes. As a result, both the lease licenses and PCS are recognized ratably over the lease period. The Company includes the revenue for the entire lease arrangement within software license revenue in the consolidated statements of income.
Many of the Company's semiconductor products are typically licensed via longer term leases of 24–36 months. The Company recognizes revenue for these licenses over the term of the lease contract. Becausecontract, as we satisfy the Company does not have vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value of these leases, the Company also recognizes revenue from perpetual licensesPCS performance obligation over the term of the lease contract during the infrequent occurrence of these licenses being sold with semiconductor leases in multiple-element arrangements.time.
Revenue from training, support and other services is recognized as the services are performed. The Company applies the specific performance method toFor contracts in which the service consists of a single act,performance obligation, such as providing a training class to a customer, andwe recognize revenue upon completion of the proportional performance method to otherobligation. For service contracts that are longer in duration and often include multiple actsperformance obligations (for example, both training and consulting)., we measure the progress toward completion of the obligations and recognize revenue accordingly. In applyingmeasuring progress towards the proportionalcompletion of performance method, the Companyobligations, we typically utilizesutilize output-based estimates for services with contractual billing arrangements that are not based on time and materials, and estimatesestimate output based on the total tasks completed as compared to the total tasks required for each work contract. Input-based estimates are utilized for services that involve general consultations with contractual billing arrangements based on time and materials, utilizing direct labor as the input measure. Proceeds from customers for the purpose of expediting roadmap items, developing new products or creating specific features and functionality for existing products is classified as revenue.
The CompanyWe also executesexecute arrangements through independent channel partners in which the channel partners are authorized to market and distribute the Company'sour software products to end users of the Company'sour products and services in specified territories. In sales facilitated by channel partners, the channel partner bears the risk of collection from the end-user customer. The Company recognizesWe recognize revenue from transactions with channel partners whenin a manner consistent with the channel partner submits a written purchase commitment, collectibility from the channel partner is probable, a license agreement signed by the end-user customer is receiveddirect sales described above for both perpetual and delivery has occurred, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are satisfied.time-based licenses. Revenue from channel partner transactions is the amount remitted to the Companyus by the channel partners. This amount includes a fee for PCS that is compensation for providing technical enhancements and the second level of technical support to the end user, which is based on the rate charged for PCS when sold separately, and is recognized over the period that PCS is to be provided. The Company does not offer right of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its channel partners.
Non-income related taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts receivable and accrued expenses. The collection and payment of these amounts are reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of income and do not impact reported revenues or expenses.
The Company warrantsWe do not offer right of return. We warrant to itsour customers that itsour software will perform substantially perform as specified in the Company's mostour current user manuals. The Company hasWe have not experienced significant claims related to software warranties beyond the scope of maintenance support, which the Company iswe are already obligated to provide. Consequently,The warranty is not sold, and cannot be purchased, separately.
The warranty does not provide any type of additional service to the Company hascustomer or performance obligation for us.
Our agreements with our customers generally require us to indemnify the customer against claims that our software infringes third-party patent, copyright, trademark or other proprietary rights. Such indemnification obligations are generally limited in a variety of industry-standard respects, including our right to replace an infringing product.
Significant Judgments
Our contracts with customers typically include promises to transfer licenses and services to a customer. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation. We use the estimated standalone selling price method to allocate the transaction price for each performance obligation. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including market conditions and other observable inputs. The corresponding revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.
We apply a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Sales commissions associated with the initial year of multi-year contracts are expensed as incurred due to their immateriality. Sales commissions associated with multi-year contracts beyond the initial year are subject to an employee service requirement and are expensed as incurred as they are not established reservesconsidered incremental costs to obtain a contract.
We are required to adjust promised amounts of consideration for warranty obligations.
the effects of the time value of money if the timing of the payments provides the customer or us with a significant financing benefit. We consider various factors in assessing whether a financing component exists, including the duration of the contract, market interest rates and the timing of payments. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments such as deposits held at major banks and money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company'sOur cash and cash equivalents balances comprise the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of Total | | Amount | | % of Total |
| Cash accounts | $ | 571,587 | | | 62.6 | | | $ | 549,639 | | | 63.0 | |
| Money market funds | 341,085 | | | 37.4 | | | 322,455 | | | 37.0 | |
| Total | $ | 912,672 | | | | | $ | 872,094 | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 |
| (in thousands, except percentages) | Amount | | % of Total | | Amount | | % of Total |
| Cash accounts | $ | 568,587 |
| | 64.5 | | $ | 488,504 |
| | 59.4 |
| Money market funds | 312,914 |
| | 35.5 | | 333,975 |
| | 40.6 |
| Total | $ | 881,501 |
| | | | $ | 822,479 |
| | |
The Company'sOur money market fund balances are held in various funds of a single issuer.two issuers.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets, which range from one year to forty years. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Gains or losses from the sale or retirement of property and equipment are included in operating income.
Research and Development
Research and development costs other than certain capitalized software development costs, are expensed as incurred.
Software Development Costs
Internally developed software costs required to be capitalized as defined by the accounting guidance are not material to the Company'sour consolidated financial statements.
Business Combinations
When the Company consummateswe consummate an acquisition, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized separately from goodwill at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair valuesvalue of the net identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.acquired. While best estimates and assumptions are used to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, the Company'sour estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company recordswe record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill as the Company obtainswe obtain new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Upon the earlier of the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired. Other intangible assets consist of trade names, customer lists, contract backlog and acquired software and technology. Intangible assets that are not considered to have an indefinite useful life are amortized over their useful lives, which are generallyrange from two years to fifteenseventeen years. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $49.8$57.2 million,, $50.8 $36.9 million and $58.1$40.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
The Company testsWe test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually by performing a quantitative assessment of whether the fair value of each reporting unit or asset exceeds its carrying amount. We have one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested at thethis reporting unit level and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested at the individual asset level. This requires the Companyus to assess and make judgments regarding a variety of factors which impact the fair value of the reporting unit or asset being tested, including business plans, anticipated future cash flows, economic projections and other market data.
The Company performs itsDuring the first quarter of 2020, we completed the annual impairment teststest for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2020. Given the adverse economic and market conditions caused by COVID-19, we considered a variety of each year unless there isqualitative factors to determine if an indicator that would requireadditional quantitative impairment test was required subsequent to our annual impairment test. Based on a test duringvariety of factors, including the year. The Company periodically reviewsexcess of the fair values over the carrying value
amounts in the most recent impairment test, we determined it was not more likely than not that an impairment existed as of March 31, 2020. No other intangible assets and will recognize impairments when events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2020 that would indicate that such assets may be impaired.the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company hasWe have a concentration of credit risk with respect to revenue and trade receivables due to the use of certain significant channel partners to market and sell the Company'sour products. The Company performsWe perform periodic credit evaluations of itsour customers' financial condition and generally doesdo not require collateral. The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to the Company'sour revenue:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (as a % of revenue) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Revenue from channel partners | | 22 | % | | 23 | % | | 22 | % |
| Largest channel partner | | 3 | % | | 4 | % | | 4 | % |
2nd largest channel partner | | 2 | % | | 2 | % | | 2 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (as a % of revenue) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Revenue from channel partners | | 25 | % | | 24 | % | | 24 | % |
| Largest channel partner | | 5 | % | | 5 | % | | 5 | % |
2nd largest channel partner | | 2 | % | | 2 | % | | 2 | % |
No single customer accounted for more than 5% of the Company'sour revenue in 2017, 20162020, 2019 or 2015.2018.
In addition to the concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables, the Company'sour cash and cash equivalents are also exposed to concentration of credit risk. The Company'sOur cash and cash equivalent accounts are insured through various public and private bank deposit insurance programs, foreign and domestic; however, a significant portion of the Company'sour funds are not insured. The following table outlines concentrations of risk with respect to the Company'sour cash and cash equivalents:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Cash and cash equivalents held domestically | $ | 582,882 | | | $ | 626,433 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries | 329,790 | | | 245,661 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic | 887,886 | | | 855,721 | |
| Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic | 396,430 | | | 330,551 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Cash and cash equivalents held domestically | $ | 561,417 |
| | $ | 593,348 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries | 320,084 |
| | 229,131 |
|
| Cash and cash equivalents held in excess of deposit insurance, foreign and domestic | 852,138 |
| | 805,374 |
|
| Largest balance of cash and cash equivalents held with one financial institution, foreign and domestic | 328,902 |
| | 377,602 |
|
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company makesAllowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2020
We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. ASU 2016-13 requires us to use the CECL methodology to make judgments as to itsour ability to collect outstanding receivables and providesprovide allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful.over the lifetime of the receivables. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions are estimated at differing rates based upon the age of the receivable. In determining these percentages, we consider our historical loss experience, current economic trends and future conditions.
The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Beginning balance – January 1 | $ | 8,700 | |
| Additions: Charges to costs and expenses | 6,438 | |
| Deductions: Write-offs | (1,138) | |
| Ending balance – December 31 | $ | 14,000 | |
The increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts was driven by expected losses related to COVID-19.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Policy 2019 and 2018
Under previous guidance, we made judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provided allowances for a portion of receivables when collection became doubtful. Provisions were made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices from both value and delinquency perspectives. For those invoices not specifically reviewed, provisions were estimated at differing rates based upon the age of the receivable and the geographic area of origin. In determining these percentages, the Company considers itswe considered our historical collection experience and current economic trends in the customer's industry and geographic region. The Company
We recorded provisions for doubtful accountsbad debts of $1.5$6.4 million,, $2.0 $2.9 million and $1.3$1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
Income Taxes
The Company accountsWe account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period of the enactment date.
The Company recordsWe record net deferred tax assets to the extent it believeswe believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considerswe consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event the Company determineswe determine that itwe will be able to realize deferred tax assets for which a valuation allowance was used to reduce their carrying value, the adjustment to the valuation allowance will be recorded as a reduction to the provision for income taxes.
Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return are recorded when such benefits meet a more-likely-than-not threshold. Otherwise, these tax benefits are recorded when a tax position has been effectively
settled, which means that the statute of limitations has expired or the appropriate taxing authority has completed its examination even though the statute of limitations remains open. The Company recognizes
We recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes within the income tax expense line in the consolidated statements of income. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.
Foreign Currencies
Certain of the Company'sour sales and intercompany transactions are denominated in foreign currencies. These transactions are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the transaction date. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the Company's
our functional currency or subsidiary'sour subsidiaries' functional currencycurrencies are translated at the effective exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in other (expense) income (expense), net. The CompanyWe recorded net foreign exchange losses of $1.9$0.2 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017, and net foreign exchange gains of $0.1$2.5 million and $0.5$3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
The financial statements of the Company'sour foreign subsidiaries are translated from the functional (local) currency to U.S. Dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates on the balance sheet date. Results of operations are translated at average exchange rates, which approximate rates in effect when the underlying transactions occurred.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss is composed entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive equivalents outstanding. To the extent stock awards are anti-dilutive, they are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
The details of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Net income | | $ | 433,887 | | | $ | 451,295 | | | $ | 419,375 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | | 85,840 | | | 84,259 | | | 83,973 | |
| Dilutive effect of stock plans | | 1,448 | | | 1,666 | | | 1,940 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | | 87,288 | | | 85,925 | | | 85,913 | |
| Basic earnings per share | | $ | 5.05 | | | $ | 5.36�� | | | $ | 4.99 | |
| Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 4.97 | | | $ | 5.25 | | | $ | 4.88 | |
| Anti-dilutive shares | | 23 | | | 14 | | | 7 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Net income | | $ | 259,251 |
| | $ | 265,636 |
| | $ | 252,521 |
|
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | | 84,988 |
| | 87,227 |
| | 89,561 |
|
| Dilutive effect of stock plans | | 1,866 |
| | 1,742 |
| | 1,941 |
|
| Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | | 86,854 |
| | 88,969 |
| | 91,502 |
|
| Basic earnings per share | | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 3.05 |
| | $ | 2.82 |
|
| Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 2.98 |
| | $ | 2.99 |
| | $ | 2.76 |
|
| Anti-dilutive shares | | 84 |
| | 260 |
| | 206 |
|
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accountsWe account for stock-based compensation in accordance with share-based payment accounting guidance. The guidance requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide serviceservices in exchange for the award, typically the vesting period.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company accountsWe account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to fair value measurements and disclosures. The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other accrued liabilities and short-term obligations are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values because of their short-term nature. Our term loans are variable rate debt obligations and, therefore, the carrying amounts approximate the fair values.
New Accounting Guidance
Revenue from contracts with customers: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09,
3.Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 supersedes most current
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table summarizes revenue:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Revenue: | | | | | |
| Lease licenses | $ | 500,105 | | | $ | 406,043 | | | $ | 275,619 | |
| Perpetual licenses | 280,745 | | | 293,587 | | | 301,098 | |
| Software licenses | 780,850 | | | 699,630 | | | 576,717 | |
| Maintenance | 840,597 | | | 760,574 | | | 676,883 | |
| Service | 59,850 | | | 55,688 | | | 40,036 | |
| Maintenance and service | 900,447 | | | 816,262 | | | 716,919 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,681,297 | | | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 1,293,636 | |
| | | | | |
| Direct revenue, as a percentage of total revenue | 77.8 | % | | 77.1 | % | | 77.6 | % |
| Indirect revenue, as a percentage of total revenue | 22.2 | % | | 22.9 | % | | 22.4 | % |
Our software licenses revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Previous guidance requires an entity to recognizeis recognized up front, while maintenance and service revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered,
the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. Under the new guidance, an entity is required to evaluate revenue recognition by identifying a contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The standard also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, delayed the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Entities have the option of using a full retrospective, cumulative effect or modified retrospective approach to adopt ASU 2014-09. The Company will utilize the modified retrospective implementation approach. The Company expects a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase retained earnings by $230.0 million - $260.0 million, or $165.0 million - $190.0 million net of income tax, on January 1, 2018, primarily derived from revenue related to software lease licenses.
This update will impact the timing and amounts of revenuegenerally recognized which will result in increased volatility in the amount of revenue recognized each period. The Company expects that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. While the Company expects that the standard will impact various elements of its business, the most significant impact is expected to be on the recognition of revenue related to software lease licenses. These licenses include the right to use the software and PCS over the term of the license. These licenses are currently recognized as lease licensecontract.
Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue ratably overconsists of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from customer agreements. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the termtiming of billings to customers. Payment terms vary by the license. Under the new standardtype and location of customer and the existing interpretations, the Company expects to recognize approximately 50% of the revenue related to these licenses up-front at theproducts or services offered. The time the licensebetween invoicing and when payment is delivered. due is not significant.
The up-front portion will continue to be reported within lease license revenue, but the ratable portion allocation to PCS will be reflectedchanges in maintenance revenue, resulting in a significant shift from software license revenue to maintenance and services revenue as reported on the consolidated statement of income. In addition, it is anticipated that there will be an acceleration of income tax payments associated with deferred revenue, inclusive of both current and backlog credited to retained earnings and never recognized aslong-term deferred revenue, in the financial statements. The 2018 acceleration of cash payments is expected to be between $15.0 million - $20.0 million. The Company has also made a preliminary assessment that the expense related to sales commissions will not be materially different under the new standard. However, the Company's preliminary assessments could change as additional interpretations relating to the new standard are provided and as issues identified by software industry groups are addressed.
Leases: In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02). ASU 2016-02 requires virtually all leases, other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease or leases of intangible assets, to be recorded on the balance sheet with a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability. Leases will be classified as either operating or finance leases based on certain criteria. This classification will determine the timing and presentation of expenses on the income statement, as well as the presentation of related cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and a modified retrospective transition is required upon adoption. The Company does not expect to early adopt and continues to evaluate the effect that this update will have on its financial results upon adoption. The Company's preliminary assessment is that this update may materially increase the Company's assets and liabilities upon adoption. The Company has completed the initial inventory of its leases and policy elections, and the Company is currently developing new processes and controls to meet the accounting and disclosure requirements under the new standard.
Employee share-based payment accounting: In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). This update includes various areas for simplification related to aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions. One simplification is that the tax effects of share-based payment settlements will be recorded in the income statement. Prior guidance required tax windfalls at settlement, and tax shortfalls to the extent of previous windfalls, to be recorded in equity. This provision was required to be adopted prospectively.
The Company adopted the guidance during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The primary impact of adoption was the recognition of excess tax benefits in the Company's provision for income taxes rather than paid-in capital, which resulted in the recognition of excess tax benefits in the provision for income taxes of $13.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, the Company applied the change in classification of such benefits from financing to operating on the consolidated statements of cash flows on a retrospective basis, resulting in an increase to both net cash provided by operating activities and net cash used in financing activities of $9.2 million and $8.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Credit losses: In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). Previous guidance requires the allowance for doubtful accounts to be estimated based on an incurred loss model, which considers past and current conditions.
ASU 2016-13 requires companies to use an expected loss model that also considers reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The standard requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the statement of financial position as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this update will have on its financial results upon adoption.
Income taxes: In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (ASU 2016-16). Previous guidance requires the tax effects from intra-entity asset transfers to be deferred until the asset is sold to a third party or recovered through use. ASU 2016-16 eliminates this deferral for all intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and a modified retrospective transition is required upon adoption. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2016-16 effective January 1, 2018 and expects adoption to have an immaterial effect, if any, on its financial results.
Business combinations: In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASU 2017-01). This update narrows the definition of a business. If substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the acquiree is not a business. The update also requires a business to include an input and a substantive process that significantly contributes to the ability to create outputs. This definition is expected to reduce the number of acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, which will impact the accounting treatment of certain items, including the accounting treatment of contingent consideration and transaction expenses. ASU 2017-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted and the update will be applied prospectively. The effect of the implementation will depend upon the nature of the Company's future acquisitions, if any. Historically, the Company has entered into acquisitions that would meet the definition of a business under ASU 2017-01. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2017-01 effective January 1, 2018.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company completed various acquisitions to expand its customer base and accelerate the development of new and innovative products to the marketplace while lowering design and engineering costs for customers. The acquisitions were not individually significant. The combined purchase prices of the acquisitions purchased during the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020 and 20152019 were approximately $67.0 million, $10.3 million and $49.7 million, respectively. The 2017 technology acquisitions are further described in the table below:as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Beginning balance – January 1 | $ | 365,274 | | | $ | 343,174 | |
| Acquired deferred revenue | 6,872 | | | 6,880 | |
| Deferral of revenue | 1,687,907 | | | 1,532,549 | |
| Recognition of deferred revenue | (1,681,297) | | | (1,515,892) | |
| Currency translation | 10,054 | | | (1,437) | |
| Ending balance – December 31 | $ | 388,810 | | | $ | 365,274 | |
Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2020 will be recognized as revenue as follows:
|
| | | | |
Date of Closing(in thousands) | | Company | | Details |
November 15, 2017Next 12 months | $ | 3DSIM606,780 | | 3DSIM, a developer of premier additive manufacturing technology, gives ANSYS a complete additive manufacturing simulation workflow solution. 3DSIM's software solutions empower manufacturers, designers, materials scientists and engineers to achieve their objectives through simulation-driven innovation rather than physical trial and error. |
July 5, 2017Months 13-24 | 199,909 | Computational Engineering International, Inc.
(CEI Inc.)
| | CEI Inc., the developer of EnSight, aids engineers and scientists in their ability to analyze, visualize and communicate large simulation data sets in clear, higher-resolution outputs. |
March Months 25-36 | 80,304 | |
| Thereafter | 80,134 | |
| Total revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations | $ | 967,127 | |
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes both deferred revenue and backlog. Our backlog represents installment billings for periods beyond the current
quarterly billing cycle. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 included amounts in deferred revenue and backlog at the beginning of the period of $569.8 million and $475.9 million, respectively.
4.Acquisitions
2020 Acquisitions
On December 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of AGI, a premier provider of mission-simulation, modeling, testing and analysis software for aerospace, defense and intelligence applications. The acquisition expands the scope of our offerings, empowering users to solve challenges by simulating from the chip level all the way to a customer's entire mission. The transaction closed with a purchase price of $722.5 million.
On April 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the shares of Lumerical, a leading developer of photonic design and simulation tools, for a purchase price of approximately $107.5 million, paid in cash. The acquisition adds best-in-class photonic products to our multiphysics portfolio, providing customers with a full set of solutions to solve their next-generation product challenges.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred $5.1 million in acquisition-related expenses, recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of income.
The assets and liabilities of AGI and Lumerical have been recorded based upon management's estimates of their fair market values as of each respective date of acquisition. The following tables summarize the fair value of consideration transferred and the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at each respective date of acquisition:
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | AGI | | Lumerical | | Total |
| Cash | $ | 489,797 | | | $ | 107,545 | | | $ | 597,342 | |
Ansys common stock(1) | 218,348 | | | — | | | 218,348 | |
| Consideration not yet paid | 14,342 | | | — | | | 14,342 | |
| Total consideration transferred at fair value | $ | 722,487 | | | $ | 107,545 | | | $ | 830,032 | |
(1)We issued 0.6 million shares of our common stock in an unregistered offering to the prior owners of AGI with a fair value of $217.4 million, and we issued $0.9 million from shares held in treasury.
Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | AGI | | Lumerical | | Total |
| Cash | $ | 17,663 | | | $ | 11,844 | | | $ | 29,507 | |
| Accounts receivable and other tangible assets | 29,456 | | | 4,244 | | | 33,700 | |
| Developed software and core technologies | 184,100 | | | 31,614 | | | 215,714 | |
| Customer lists | 25,400 | | | 1,616 | | | 27,016 | |
| Trade names | 18,200 | | | 1,756 | | | 19,956 | |
| Accounts payable and other liabilities | (23,279) | | | (1,106) | | | (24,385) | |
| Deferred revenue | (5,467) | | | (1,405) | | | (6,872) | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | (50,207) | | | (7,452) | | | (57,659) | |
| Total identifiable net assets | $ | 195,866 | | | $ | 41,111 | | | $ | 236,977 | |
| Goodwill | $ | 526,621 | | | $ | 66,434 | | | $ | 593,055 | |
The goodwill, which is generally not tax-deductible, is attributed to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce of the acquired business and the synergies expected to arise as a result of the acquisitions.
The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary calculations. The estimates and assumptions for these items are subject to change as additional information about what was known and knowable at the acquisition date is obtained during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date).
We determined the fair value of our intangible assets using various valuation techniques, including the relief-from-royalty method and the multi-period excess earnings method. These models utilize certain unobservable inputs classified as Level 3 measurements as defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The determination of fair value requires considerable judgment and is sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates and market factors. Estimating fair value requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans, as well as industry and economic conditions. These assumptions and estimates include, but are not limited to: selection of a valuation methodology, royalty rate, discount rate and attrition rate.
The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the AGI acquisition are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intangible Asset | | Weighted-Average Useful Life | | Valuation Method | | Assumptions |
| Developed software and core technologies | | 10 2017years | | Relief-from-royalty | | Royalty rate: 40.0% Discount rate: 11.0% |
| Trade names | | 9 years | | Relief-from-royalty | | Royalty rate: 1.0% - 2.0% Discount rate: 11.0% |
| Customer lists | | 15 years | | Multi-period excess earnings | | Attrition rate: 10.0% Discount rate: 12.0% |
The weighted-average useful life, valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets acquired with the Lumerical acquisition are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intangible Asset | | Weighted-Average Useful Life | | Valuation Method | | Assumptions |
| Developed software and core technologies | | 10 years | | Multi-period excess earnings | | Discount rate: 16.5% |
| Trade names | CLK Design Automation (CLK-DA) | 6 years | CLK-DA offers fast transistor simulation technology that complements the Company's semiconductor product portfolio. | Relief-from-royalty | | Royalty rate: 2.0% Discount rate: 16.5% |
| Customer lists | | 10 years | | Multi-period excess earnings | | Attrition rate: 10.0% Discount rate: 12.5% |
The operating results of each acquisition have been included in the Company'sour consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition. The effects of the business combinations were not material to the Company'sour consolidated results of operations individually or in the aggregate.
In valuing deferred revenue2019 Acquisitions
On November 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the shares of LST, the premier provider of explicit dynamics and other advanced finite element analysis technology, for a purchase price of $781.5 million, inclusive of final net working capital adjustments. The acquisition empowers our customers to solve a new class of engineering challenges, including developing safer automobiles, aircraft and trains while reducing or even eliminating the need for costly physical testing. The purchase price was paid with $472.8 million in cash and 1.4 million shares of our common stock valued at $308.7 million. We issued $307.2 million of common stock in an unregistered offering to the prior owners of LST and the remaining $1.5 million was issued from shares held in treasury.
On February 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the shares of Granta Design for a purchase price of $208.7 million, paid in cash and inclusive of final net working capital adjustments. The acquisition of Granta Design, the premier provider of materials information technology, expands our portfolio into this important area, giving customers access to materials intelligence, including data that is critical to successful simulations.
Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we acquired Dynardo, Helic and DfR Solutions to combine the acquired technologies with our existing comprehensive multiphysics portfolio. These acquisitions were not individually significant. The combined purchase price of these other acquisitions was $138.5 million, paid in cash and inclusive of final net working capital adjustments.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred $6.6 million in acquisition-related expenses, recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the balance sheetsconsolidated statements of income.
The assets and liabilities of the Company's acquisitions have been recorded based upon management's estimates of their fair market values as of theireach respective acquisition dates,date of acquisition. The following tables summarize the Company appliedfair values of consideration transferred and the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at each respective date of acquisition:
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | LST | | Granta Design | | Other Acquisitions | | Total |
| Cash | $ | 472,800 | | | $ | 208,736 | | | $ | 138,548 | | | $ | 820,084 | |
| Ansys common stock | 308,704 | | | — | | | — | | | 308,704 | |
| Total consideration transferred at fair value | $ | 781,504 | | | $ | 208,736 | | | $ | 138,548 | | | $ | 1,128,788 | |
Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | LST | | Granta Design | | Other Acquisitions | | Total |
| Cash | $ | 8,520 | | | $ | 13,644 | | | $ | 6,231 | | | $ | 28,395 | |
| Accounts receivable and other tangible assets | 20,569 | | | 6,941 | | | 10,734 | | | 38,244 | |
Developed software and core technologies (10-year
weighted-average life) | 167,700 | | | 32,445 | | | 25,018 | | | 225,163 | |
| Customer lists (15-year weighted-average life) | 25,900 | | | 20,016 | | | 15,743 | | | 61,659 | |
| Trade names (10-year weighted-average life) | 10,600 | | | 4,579 | | | 2,051 | | | 17,230 | |
| Accounts payable and other liabilities | (3,887) | | | (5,164) | | | (5,946) | | | (14,997) | |
| Deferred revenue | (3,565) | | | (1,426) | | | (1,889) | | | (6,880) | |
| Uncertain tax positions | 0 | | | 0 | | | (257) | | | (257) | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | (47,412) | | | (8,976) | | | (8,151) | | | (64,539) | |
| Total identifiable net assets | $ | 178,425 | | | $ | 62,059 | | | $ | 43,534 | | | $ | 284,018 | |
| Goodwill | $ | 603,079 | | | $ | 146,677 | | | $ | 95,014 | | | $ | 844,770 | |
At the closing of the transaction, LST had uncertain tax positions inclusive of interest and penalties of $34.0 million and a corresponding indemnification asset. The uncertain tax positions reflected potential federal and state tax liabilities associated with tax years 2016 to 2019. As all tax positions have been resolved, the uncertain tax positions and the corresponding indemnification asset recorded at closing have been removed.
The goodwill, which is generally not tax-deductible, is attributed to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce of the acquired business and the synergies expected to arise as a result of the acquisitions.
The valuation method and assumptions used to determine the fair value provisions applicable toof the accounting forsignificant intangible assets acquired in 2019 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Intangible Asset | | Valuation Method | | LST Assumptions | | Granta Design Assumptions |
| Developed software and core technologies | | Relief-from-royalty | | Royalty rate: 50.0% Discount rate: 10.0% | | Royalty rate: 8.0% - 10.0% Discount rate: 12.5% |
| Trade names | | Relief-from-royalty | | Royalty rate: 2.0% Discount rate: 10.0% | | Royalty rate: 2.0% Discount rate: 14.0% |
| Customer lists | | Multi-period excess earnings | | Attrition rate: 10.0% Discount rate: 11.0% | | Attrition rate: 10.0% Discount rate: 12.5% |
The operating results of each acquisition have been included in our consolidated financial statements since each respective date of acquisition. The effects of the business combinations resulting in a reductionwere not material to our consolidated results of deferred revenueoperations individually. The table presented below reflects the aggregate impact on our results of operations of the 2019 acquisitions from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2019. The operating income does not include integration costs borne directly by us and our non-acquired subsidiaries as compared to the historical carrying amounts. As a result the Company's post-acquisition revenue will be less than the sum of what would have otherwise been reported by ANSYS and each acquiree absent the acquisitions.
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| Revenue | $ | 44,079 | |
| Operating income | $ | 6,733 | |
2018 Acquisition
On May 2, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the shares of OPTIS, a premier provider of software for scientific simulation of light, human vision and physics-based visualization, for a purchase price of $291.0 million, paid in cash. The impacts on reported revenueacquisition extends our portfolio into the area of optical simulation to provide comprehensive sensor solutions, covering visible and infrared light, electromagnetics and acoustics for camera, radar and lidar.
The operating results of OPTIS have been included in our consolidated financial statements since May 2, 2018, the yearsdate of acquisition.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, 20162018, we incurred $3.5 million in acquisition-related expenses, recognized as selling, general and 2015 were $2.9 million, $0.1 millionadministrative expense on the consolidated statements of income.
The assets and $0.8 million, respectively.liabilities of OPTIS have been recorded based upon management's estimates of their fair market values as of the acquisition date. The following tables summarize the fair value of consideration transferred and the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:
Fair Value of Consideration Transferred:
| | | | | |
4.(in thousands) | Other Receivables and Current AssetsOPTIS |
| Cash | $ | 290,983 | |
Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | OPTIS |
| Cash | $ | 7,957 | |
| Accounts receivable and other tangible assets | 15,910 | |
| Developed software and core technologies (10-year weighted-average life) | 47,597 | |
| Customer lists (12-year weighted-average life) | 41,303 | |
| Trade names (9-year weighted-average life) | 10,749 | |
Accounts payable and other liabilities
| (11,941) | |
Deferred revenue
| (2,470) | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | (23,438) | |
| Total identifiable net assets | $ | 85,667 | |
| Goodwill | $ | 205,316 | |
The Company'sgoodwill, which is generally not tax-deductible, is attributed to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, including the assembled workforce of the acquired business and the synergies expected to arise as a result of the acquisition of OPTIS.
During the one-year measurement period since the OPTIS acquisition date, we adjusted the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the offset recorded as a $2.6 million increase to goodwill. These adjustments were made as we obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date.
Full pro forma results of operations have not been presented as the effects of the OPTIS business combination were not material to our consolidated results of operations. The table presented below reflects the impact of OPTIS from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2018. The operating loss does not include integration costs borne directly by us and our non-OPTIS subsidiaries as a result of the acquisition.
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2018 |
| Revenue | $ | 18,532 | |
| Operating loss | $ | (5,462) | |
5.Other Receivables and Current Assets and Other Accrued Expenses and Liabilities
Our other receivables and current assets, and other accrued expenses and liabilities, comprise the following balances:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Receivables related to unrecognized revenue | $ | 192,154 | | | $ | 177,679 | |
| Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds | 31,628 | | | 26,672 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 44,740 | | | 45,268 | |
| Total other receivables and current assets | $ | 268,522 | | | $ | 249,619 | |
| | | |
| Consumption, sales and VAT tax liabilities | $ | 45,156 | | | $ | 36,398 | |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 154,310 | | | 106,549 | |
| Total other accrued expenses and liabilities | $ | 199,466 | | | $ | 142,947 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Receivables related to unrecognized revenue | $ | 215,155 |
| | $ | 199,119 |
|
| Income taxes receivable, including overpayments and refunds | 21,663 |
| | 15,718 |
|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 27,002 |
| | 24,512 |
|
| Total other receivables and current assets | $ | 263,820 |
| | $ | 239,349 |
|
Receivables forrelated to unrecognized revenue represent the current portion of billings made for annual lease licenses and software maintenancecustomer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue.
6.Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | Estimated Useful Lives | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Equipment | | 1-15 years | | $ | 123,139 | | | $ | 105,428 | |
| Computer software | | 1-5 years | | 34,469 | | | 33,878 | |
| Buildings and improvements | | 2-40 years | | 38,332 | | | 38,095 | |
| Leasehold improvements | | 1-17 years | | 25,237 | | | 19,876 | |
| Furniture | | 1-13 years | | 14,902 | | | 12,766 | |
| Land | | | | 2,696 | | | 2,696 | |
| Property and equipment, gross | | | | 238,775 | | | 212,739 | |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | | (142,272) | | | (129,103) | |
| Property and equipment, net | | | | $ | 96,503 | | | $ | 83,636 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | Estimated Useful Lives | | 2017 |
| 2016 |
| Equipment | | 1-10 years | | $ | 88,189 |
| | $ | 78,614 |
|
| Computer software | | 1-5 years | | 34,994 |
| | 30,867 |
|
| Buildings and improvements | | 5-40 years | | 26,423 |
| | 25,472 |
|
| Leasehold improvements | | 1-16 years | | 13,316 |
| | 11,571 |
|
| Furniture | | 1-13 years | | 9,239 |
| | 8,618 |
|
| Land | | | | 1,759 |
| | 1,759 |
|
| Property and equipment, gross | | | | 173,920 |
| | 156,901 |
|
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | | (116,824 | ) | | (102,224 | ) |
| Property and equipment, net | | | | $ | 57,096 |
| | $ | 54,677 |
|
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $17.9$28.0 million,, $18.7 $23.6 million and $19.5$18.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
| |
6. | Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
7.Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses.acquired. Identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations are recorded based on their fair values on the date of acquisition.
Intangible assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2017. No other events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2017 that would indicate that the fair values of the Company's reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying values.
The Company's intangible assets and estimated useful lives are classified as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2020 | | December 31, 2019 |
| (in thousands) | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Gross
Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization |
| Finite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | |
| Developed software and core technologies | $ | 859,620 | | | $ | (370,338) | | | $ | 635,063 | | | $ | (332,622) | |
| Customer lists and contract backlog | 288,085 | | | (136,093) | | | 269,629 | | | (132,596) | |
| Trade names | 175,626 | | | (122,392) | | | 154,259 | | | (117,379) | |
| Total | $ | 1,323,331 | | | $ | (628,823) | | | $ | 1,058,951 | | | $ | (582,597) | |
| Indefinite-lived intangible asset: | | | | | | | |
| Trade name | $ | 357 | | | | | $ | 357 | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 |
| (in thousands) | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization |
| Finite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | |
| Developed software and core technologies (3 – 11 years) | $ | 365,317 |
| | $ | (297,645 | ) | | $ | 338,594 |
| | $ | (275,130 | ) |
| Customer lists and contract backlog (5 – 15 years) | 171,048 |
| | (104,522 | ) | | 159,549 |
| | (88,414 | ) |
| Trade names (2 – 10 years) | 127,200 |
| | (104,130 | ) | | 127,952 |
| | (90,289 | ) |
| Total | $ | 663,565 |
| | $ | (506,297 | ) | | $ | 626,095 |
| | $ | (453,833 | ) |
| Indefinite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | |
| Trade name | $ | 357 |
| | | | $ | 357 |
| | |
Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of two years to seventeen years. Amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above was $49.8$57.2 million, $50.8$36.9 million and $58.1$40.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
As of December 31, 2017,2020, estimated future amortization expense for the intangible assets reflected above is as follows: | | | (in thousands) | | (in thousands) | |
| 2018 | $ | 39,162 |
| |
| 2019 | 26,362 |
| |
| 2020 | 25,449 |
| |
| 2021 | 21,225 |
| 2021 | $ | 74,981 | |
| 2022 | 16,197 |
| 2022 | 77,300 | |
| 2023 | | 2023 | 78,426 | |
| 2024 | | 2024 | 77,399 | |
| 2025 | | 2025 | 74,805 | |
| Thereafter | 28,873 |
| Thereafter | 311,597 | |
| Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net | 157,268 |
| Total intangible assets subject to amortization, net | 694,508 | |
| Indefinite-lived trade name | 357 |
| Indefinite-lived trade name | 357 | |
| Other intangible assets, net | $ | 157,625 |
| Other intangible assets, net | $ | 694,865 | |
The changes in goodwill during the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016 are2019 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Beginning balance - January 1 | $ | 2,413,280 | | | $ | 1,572,455 | |
Acquisitions and adjustments(1) | 596,054 | | | 842,588 | |
| | | |
| Currency translation | 28,972 | | | (1,763) | |
| Ending balance - December 31 | $ | 3,038,306 | | | $ | 2,413,280 | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Beginning balance - January 1 | $ | 1,337,215 |
| | $ | 1,332,348 |
|
| Acquisitions | 36,554 |
| | 6,184 |
|
Adjustments(1) | (111 | ) | | (1 | ) |
| Currency translation | 4,895 |
| | (1,316 | ) |
| Ending balance - December 31 | $ | 1,378,553 |
| | $ | 1,337,215 |
|
(1) In accordance with the accounting for business combinations, the Companywe recorded adjustments to goodwill for the effect of changes in the provisional fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as the Companywe obtained new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Such adjustments are not material to our consolidated financial statements.
During the first quarter of 2020, we completed the annual impairment test for goodwill and the indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that these assets had not been impaired as of the test date, January 1, 2020. Given the adverse economic and market conditions caused by COVID-19, we considered a variety of qualitative factors to determine if an additional quantitative impairment test was required subsequent to our annual impairment test. Based on a variety of factors, including the excess of the fair values over the carrying amounts in the most recent impairment test, we determined it was not more likely than not that an impairment existed as of March 31, 2020. No other events or circumstances changed during the year ended December 31, 2020 that would indicate that the fair values of our reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset are below their carrying amounts.
8.Fair Value Measurement
The valuation hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities reported at fair value prioritizes the inputs for such valuations into three broad levels:
•Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; or
•Level 3: unobservable inputs based on the Company'sour own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.
A financial asset's or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Our current and long-term debt is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates. The carrying amount of our current and long-term debt approximates the estimated fair value. See Note 10, “Debt”, for additional information on these borrowings.
The following tables provide the assets carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2020 | | Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1) | | Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 341,085 | | | $ | 341,085 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Short-term investments | $ | 479 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 479 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Deferred compensation plan investments | $ | 1,602 | | | $ | 1,602 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2017 | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 312,914 |
| | $ | 312,914 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Short-term investments | $ | 286 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 286 |
| | $ | — |
|
| Deferred compensation plan investments | $ | 3,742 |
| | $ | 3,742 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2019 | | Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1) | | Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2) | | Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3) |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 322,455 | | | $ | 322,455 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Short-term investments | $ | 288 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 288 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Deferred compensation plan investments | $ | 1,110 | | | $ | 1,110 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2016 | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents | $ | 333,975 |
| | $ | 333,975 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Short-term investments | $ | 381 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 381 |
| | $ | — |
|
| Deferred compensation plan investments | $ | 459 |
| | $ | 459 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
The cash equivalents in the preceding tables represent money market funds.funds, valued at net asset value, with carrying values which approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.
The short-term investments in the preceding tables represent deposits held by certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company.subsidiaries. The deposits have fixed interest rates with original maturities ranging from three months to one year.
The deferred compensation plan investments in the preceding tables represent trading securities held in a rabbi trust for the benefit of the non-affiliate Independent Directors.non-employee directors. These securities consist of mutual funds traded in an active market with quoted prices. As a result, the plan assets wereare classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The plan assets are recorded within other long-term assets on the Company'sour consolidated balance sheet.sheets.
9.Leases
We primarily have operating leases for office space included in our ROU assets and lease liabilities. Our executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term of the lease is 183 months, which began on October 1, 2014 and expires on December 31, 2029. The lease agreement includes options to renew the contract through August 2044, an option to lease additional space in January 2025 and an option to terminate the lease in December 2025. No options are included in the
lease liability as renewal is not reasonably certain. In addition, we are reasonably certain we will not terminate the lease agreement. Absent the exercise of options in the lease, our remaining base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating costs) is $4.5 million per annum through 2024 and $4.7 million per annum for 2025 - 2029.
The components of our global lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Lease liability cost | $ | 24,818 | | | $ | 22,507 | |
Variable lease cost not included in the lease liability(1) | 5,067 | | | 3,754 | |
| | | |
| Total lease cost | $ | 29,885 | | | $ | 26,261 | |
(1) Variable lease cost includes common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, lease cost totaled $21.3 million.
Other information related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of the lease liability: | | | | | |
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | | | $ | (22,470) | | | $ | (20,031) | |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
| | | $ | 48,248 | | | $ | 35,191 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | As of December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases | | | 7.3 years | | 7.7 years |
Weighted-average discount rate of operating leases
| | | 2.9 | % | | 3.7 | % |
The maturity schedule of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2021 | $ | 27,311 | |
| 2022 | 24,712 | |
| 2023 | 21,522 | |
| 2024 | 20,264 | |
| 2025 | 17,076 | |
| Thereafter | 50,438 | |
| Total future lease payments | 161,323 | |
Less: Present value adjustment
| (16,792) | |
Present value of future lease payments(1)
| $ | 144,531 | |
(1)Includes the current portion of operating lease liabilities of $23.6 million, which is reflected in other accrued expenses and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
There were no material leases that have been signed but not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020.
10.Debt
In February 2019, we entered into a credit agreement for a $500.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which includes a $50.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit (Revolving Credit Facility), with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The Revolving Credit Facility becomes payable in full on February 22, 2024 and is available for general corporate purposes, including, among others, to finance acquisitions and capital expenditures. The Revolving Credit Facility was not utilized in 2020 or 2019.
In connection with the acquisition of LST, we amended our credit agreement (Amended Credit Agreement) on October 16, 2019. The amendment provided for a new $500.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance the acquisition. The term loan was funded on November 1, 2019 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing with the ninth full fiscal quarter after the funding date at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters. We repaid $75.0 million of the unsecured term loan balance in January 2020 prior to the scheduled maturity dates in 2022 ($25.0 million) and 2023 ($50.0 million).
In connection with the acquisition of AGI, we entered into a credit agreement (AGI Credit Agreement) on November 9, 2020, with Bank of America, N.A. as the Administrative Agent. The AGI Credit Agreement provided for a new $375.0 million unsecured term loan facility to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the acquisition. The term loan was funded on December 1, 2020 and matures on November 1, 2024. Principal on the term loan will be payable on the last business day of each fiscal quarter commencing with the fifth full fiscal quarter after the funding date at a rate of 1.25% per quarter, increasing to 2.50% per quarter after the next four fiscal quarters.
Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and the AGI Credit Agreement (Credit Agreements) accrue interest at the Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin or at the base rate, at our election. For the quarter ended December 31, 2020, we elected to apply the Eurodollar rate. The base rate is the applicable margin plus the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.500%, (ii) the Bank of America prime rate and (iii) the Eurodollar rate plus 1.000%. The applicable margin for these borrowings is a percentage per annum based on the lower of (1) a pricing level determined by our then-current consolidated leverage ratio and (2) a pricing level determined by our debt ratings (if such debt ratings exist). This results in a margin ranging from 1.125% to 1.750% and 0.125% to 0.750% for the Eurodollar rate and base rate, respectively.
The weighted-average interest rates in effect for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were 2.09% and 2.96%, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the rates in effect for the Amended Credit Agreement and the AGI Credit Agreement were 1.38% and 1.50%, respectively.
The Credit Agreements contain language in the event the Eurodollar rate is not available due to LIBOR changes. If this occurs, the base rate will be used for borrowings. However, we may work with the Administrative Agent to amend the Credit Agreements to replace the Eurodollar rate with (i) one or more rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR); or (ii) another alternative benchmark rate, subject to the lenders' approval.
The Credit Agreements contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Credit Agreements also each contain a financial covenant requiring us to maintain a consolidated leverage ratio of indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization not exceeding 3.50 to 1.00 as of the end of any fiscal quarter (for the four-quarter period ending on such date) with an opportunity for a temporary increase in such consolidated leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 upon the consummation of certain qualified acquisitions for which the aggregate consideration is at least $250.0 million.
As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no outstanding borrowings under the unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, and the carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other accrued liabilitiesthe term loans were $798.1 million, which is net of $1.9 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, and short-term obligations approximate their fair values because$498.5 million, which is net of their short-term nature.$1.5 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, scheduled maturities of total debt for each of the five succeeding fiscal years are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2021 | $ | 0 | |
| 2022 | 18,750 | |
| 2023 | 37,500 | |
| 2024 | 743,750 | |
| 2025 | 0 | |
| Total | $ | 800,000 | |
11.Income Taxes
Income before income taxes includesincluded the following components:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Domestic | | $ | 465,382 | | | $ | 448,271 | | | $ | 455,478 | |
| Foreign | | 28,543 | | | 74,312 | | | 31,607 | |
| Total | | $ | 493,925 | | | $ | 522,583 | | | $ | 487,085 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Domestic | | $ | 344,447 |
| | $ | 340,251 |
| | $ | 325,097 |
|
| Foreign | | 51,247 |
| | 40,064 |
| | 31,668 |
|
| Total | | $ | 395,694 |
| | $ | 380,315 |
| | $ | 356,765 |
|
The provision for income taxes iswas composed of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Current: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | $ | 26,855 | | | $ | 44,824 | | | $ | 58,138 | |
| State | | 12,738 | | | 9,554 | | | 12,888 | |
| Foreign | | 51,377 | | | 31,421 | | | 30,359 | |
| Deferred: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | (12,203) | | | (8,833) | | | (20,764) | |
| State | | (2,119) | | | (965) | | | (2,901) | |
| Foreign | | (16,610) | | | (4,713) | | | (10,010) | |
| Total | | $ | 60,038 | | | $ | 71,288 | | | $ | 67,710 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Current: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | $ | 112,414 |
| | $ | 99,783 |
| | $ | 93,853 |
|
| State | | 7,879 |
| | 8,338 |
| | 7,733 |
|
| Foreign | | 18,843 |
| | 17,479 |
| | 17,854 |
|
| Deferred: | | | | | | |
| Federal | | (7,387 | ) | | (13,368 | ) | | (14,472 | ) |
| State | | (584 | ) | | (1,036 | ) | | (1,987 | ) |
| Foreign | | 5,278 |
| | 3,483 |
| | 1,263 |
|
| Total | | $ | 136,443 |
| | $ | 114,679 |
| | $ | 104,244 |
|
The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate iswas as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Federal statutory tax rate | | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % |
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | | 1.6 | | | 1.5 | | | 1.5 | |
| Foreign rate differential | | 0.4 | | | 0.8 | | | 0.8 | |
| Uncertain tax positions | | 0.1 | | | (0.2) | | | 0.5 | |
| | | | | | |
| Valuation allowance release | | (0.8) | | | (1.3) | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | |
| Benefit from entity structuring activities | | (1.5) | | | 0 | | | (1.4) | |
| Foreign-derived intangible income deduction | | (2.8) | | | (3.8) | | | (3.9) | |
| Research and development credits | | (3.2) | | | (2.2) | | | (2.3) | |
| Stock-based compensation | | (3.6) | | | (3.1) | | | (3.3) | |
| Other | | 1.0 | | | 0.9 | | | 1.0 | |
| | 12.2 | % | | 13.6 | % | | 13.9 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Federal statutory tax rate | | 35.0 | % | | 35.0 | % | | 35.0 | % |
| U.S. tax reform | | 4.5 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | | 1.1 |
| | 1.6 |
| | 1.1 |
|
| Uncertain tax positions | | 0.3 |
| | (0.2 | ) | | (0.4 | ) |
| Benefit from restructuring activities | | — |
| | (2.2 | ) | | (2.7 | ) |
| Research and development credits | | (1.4 | ) | | (1.0 | ) | | (1.1 | ) |
| Domestic production activity benefit | | (2.6 | ) | | (3.7 | ) | | (3.1 | ) |
| Stock-based compensation | | (3.1 | ) | | 0.2 |
| | — |
|
| Other | | 0.7 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 0.4 |
|
| | | 34.5 | % | | 30.2 | % | | 29.2 | % |
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Reform). Tax Reform makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (2) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries (Transition Tax); (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) creating a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) which allows for the possibility of using foreign tax credits (FTCs) and a deduction of up to 50 percent to offset the income tax liability (subject to some limitations); (5) repealing the domestic production activity deduction; (6) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax, a new minimum tax; (7) allowing for full expensing of qualified property through bonus depreciation; and (8) creating limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation.
The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of Tax Reform. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from enactment for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of Tax Reform for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete in the financial statements. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform is incomplete, but a reasonable estimate is able to be made, the company must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of Tax Reform.
In connection with the Company’s initial analysis of the impact of Tax Reform, a discrete net tax expense of $17.9 million was recorded in the period ending December 31, 2017, primarily consisting of $1.9 million for the revaluation of net deferred tax assets and $16.0 million for the Transition Tax. As further discussed below, the Company was able to complete final or provisional calculations for certain elements of Tax Reform and the amounts and estimates are included in the financial statements. For other elements, the Company was not able to make reasonable estimates and therefore those elements have not been recorded and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before Tax Reform.
The Company’s accounting for the impact of the reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate on the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities is complete. Tax Reform reduces the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, the Company has recorded a net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to revalue the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities.
The Company’s accounting for the Transition Tax is incomplete. However, reasonable estimates of certain effects were able to be calculated and, therefore, a provisional adjustment was recorded. The Transition Tax is a tax on the deemed repatriation of previously untaxed accumulated current earnings and profits (E&P) of certain foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a provisional Transition Tax expense of $16.0 million. However, the Company will continue to gather additional information to more precisely compute the final amount. The Company plans to elect to pay this liability over eight years and has recorded $14.5 million of the obligation in other long-term liabilities, with the balance recorded to accrued income taxes.
The Company’s accounting for the indefinite reinvestment assertion is incomplete. However, a reasonable estimate of book and tax basis was calculated, and the Company made a provisional assertion. In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to repatriate previously taxed earnings and to reinvest all other earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries. As part of Tax Reform, the Company incurred U.S. tax on substantially all of the earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries as part of the Transition Tax. This tax increased the Company’s previously taxed earnings and will allow for the repatriation of the majority of its foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. The Company does not believe that there is an excess of the financial reporting basis over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries. Accordingly, any repatriation in excess of previously taxed earnings will be a non-taxable return of basis. This assertion is subject to change as additional information is gathered to precisely compute the book and tax basis of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries.
The Company’s accounting for GILTI is incomplete, and reasonable estimates of the effects are not able to be made. Therefore, no provisional adjustments were recorded. Tax Reform creates a new requirement that GILTI earned by controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) must be included currently in the gross income of the CFCs’ U.S. shareholder. GILTI is the excess of the shareholder’s “net CFC tested income” over the net deemed tangible income return which is currently defined as the excess of (1) 10 percent of the aggregate of the U.S. shareholder’s pro rata share of the qualified business asset investment of each CFC over (2) the amount of certain interest expense taken into account in the determination of net CFC-tested income.
Due to the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, the Company is continuing to evaluate this provision of Tax Reform and the application of ASC 740. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing global income to determine whether future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI are expected and, if so, the expected impact. Whether the Company expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI depends not only on the current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also on the Company’s intent and ability to modify the structure and/or the business. The Company is not yet able to reasonably estimate the effect of this provision of Tax Reform and therefore has not made any adjustments related to potential GILTI tax in the financial statements. In addition, the Company has not made the accounting policy decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI or expense taxes as incurred on GILTI.
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | | |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | | $ | 47,551 | | | $ | 35,044 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | 34,803 | | | 26,628 | |
| Stock-based compensation | | 24,738 | | | 24,254 | |
| Uncertain tax positions | | 18,565 | | | 19,227 | |
| Employee benefits | | 13,290 | | | 9,392 | |
| Research and development credits | | 9,847 | | | 5,865 | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | 3,193 | | | 1,841 | |
| Other | | 6,856 | | | 4,468 | |
| Valuation allowance | | (15,398) | | | (17,524) | |
| Total deferred tax assets | | 143,445 | | | 109,195 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | |
| Other intangible assets | | (147,960) | | | (99,193) | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | | (33,304) | | | (25,648) | |
| Deferred revenue | | (26,839) | | | (13,744) | |
| Accounting method change | | (10,781) | | | (21,396) | |
| Property and equipment | | (6,052) | | | (3,780) | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | | (224,936) | | | (163,761) | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | | $ | (81,491) | | | $ | (54,566) | |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | | |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | | $ | 21,391 |
| | $ | 32,969 |
|
| Stock-based compensation | | 17,825 |
| | 23,652 |
|
| Uncertain tax positions | | 15,424 |
| | 11,562 |
|
| Employee benefits | | 8,603 |
| | 17,187 |
|
| Deferred revenue | | 5,134 |
| | 6,382 |
|
| Research and development credits | | 3,699 |
| | 3,889 |
|
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | 1,462 |
| | 2,078 |
|
| Other | | 2,003 |
| | 3,114 |
|
| Valuation allowance | | (1,906 | ) | | (1,625 | ) |
| | | 73,635 |
| | 99,208 |
|
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | |
| Other intangible assets | | (29,924 | ) | | (56,195 | ) |
| Property and equipment | | (1,557 | ) | | (2,994 | ) |
| Unremitted foreign earnings | | (1,504 | ) | | 49 |
|
| | | (32,985 | ) | | (59,140 | ) |
| Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 40,650 |
| | $ | 40,068 |
|
AtThe valuation allowance decreased by $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively,2020. Intercompany debt restructuring resulted in the Company excluded from the above table deferred tax assets associated with foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $25.2 million and $13.2 million and corresponding valuation allowances of $25.2 million and $13.2 millionability to utilize losses in a foreign jurisdiction where we previously determined that utilization was remote, resulting in the Companyrelease of $2.3 million of valuation allowance. In addition, a favorable tax ruling in a foreign jurisdiction resulted in the release of $1.8 million of valuation allowance recorded against losses where we previously determined that utilization iswas remote.
The net increase These decreases in the valuation allowance was primarily due to a changeare offset by other increases in circumstances related to the ability to utilize a net operating loss in a foreign jurisdiction.unrealizable tax assets. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect the future realization of deferred tax assets. If management determines it is more likely than not that an asset, or a portion of an asset, will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company2020, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $16.7 million. These losses expire between 2024 - 2034, and$28.3 million, which are subject to limitations onof their utilization. Losses totaling $25.6 million are not currently subject to expiration dates, while the remaining $2.7 million of losses expire between 2025 - 2037. Deferred tax assets of $0.6$1.9 million have been recorded for state operating loss carryforwards. These losses expire between 20252030 - 2035,2042, and are subject to limitations on their utilization. The CompanyWe had total foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $66.4$166.1 million, of which $29.6$141.7 million are not currently subject to expiration dates. The remainder, $36.8$24.4 million, expires between 20192025 - 2034. The Company2036. We had tax credit carryforwards of $4.6$11.2 million, of which $2.3$6.9 million are subject to limitations on their utilization. Approximately $0.6$0.7 million of these tax credit carryforwards are not currently subject to expiration dates. The remainder, $4.0$10.5 million, expires in various years between 20192021 - 2037.2040.
In general, it is our intention to permanently reinvest all earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts. Substantially all of the pre-2018 earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries were taxed through the transition tax and post-2018 current earnings are taxed as part of global intangible low-taxed income tax expense. These taxes increase our previously taxed earnings and allow for the repatriation of the majority of our foreign earnings without any residual U.S. federal tax. While we believe that the financial reporting bases may be greater than the tax bases of investments in foreign subsidiaries for any earnings in excess of previously taxed amounts, such amounts are considered permanently reinvested. The cumulative temporary difference related to such permanently reinvested earnings is approximately $93.0 million and we would anticipate the tax effect on those earnings to be immaterial.
The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1 | | $ | 49,085 | | | $ | 22,827 | | | $ | 19,657 | |
| Gross changes—acquisitions | | (24,963) | | | 26,914 | | | 0 | |
| Gross increases—tax positions in prior period | | 1,572 | | | 207 | | | 1,229 | |
| Gross decreases—tax positions in prior period | | 0 | | | (1,743) | | | (376) | |
| Gross increases—tax positions in current period | | 1,281 | | | 3,563 | | | 4,014 | |
| Reductions due to a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations | | (3,502) | | | (2,230) | | | (994) | |
| Changes due to currency fluctuation | | 994 | | | (453) | | | (703) | |
| Settlements | | (392) | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31 | | $ | 24,075 | | | $ | 49,085 | | | $ | 22,827 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1 | | $ | 15,209 |
| | $ | 16,067 |
| | $ | 16,342 |
|
| Gross increases—tax positions in prior period | | 905 |
| | 983 |
| | 64 |
|
| Gross decreases—tax positions in prior period | | (765 | ) | | (2,502 | ) | | (850 | ) |
| Gross increases—tax positions in current period | | 3,757 |
| | 2,725 |
| | 4,064 |
|
| Reductions due to a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations | | (847 | ) | | (927 | ) | | (2,808 | ) |
| Changes due to currency fluctuation | | 1,414 |
| | (348 | ) | | (653 | ) |
| Settlements | | (16 | ) | | (789 | ) | | (92 | ) |
| Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31 | | $ | 19,657 |
| | $ | 15,209 |
| | $ | 16,067 |
|
The Company believesWe believe that it is reasonably possible that approximately $0.8$5.0 million of uncertain tax positions included in the table above may be resolved within the next twelve months as a result of settlement with a taxing authority or a lapse of the statute of limitations. OfIf the total unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2017, $11.72020 were to be recognized, a benefit of $16.3 million would affectimpact the effective tax rate, if recognized.rate.
The Company recognizesWe recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense. DuringWe recorded penalty expense of $0.2 million, $0.5 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015, the Company recorded penalty expense of $1.1 million, $0.8 million and $0.3 million,2018, respectively. The CompanyWe recorded interest expense of $0.4$0.3 million and less than $0.1 million duringfor the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016, respectively.2019, respectively, and interest income of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the Company2020, we accrued a liability for penalties of $3.9$5.5 million and interest of $3.6$5.4 million. As of December 31, 2016, the Company2019, we accrued a liability for penalties of $2.7$11.7 million and interest of $2.8$6.6 million.
The Company isWe are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. In the U.S., the Company'sour only major tax jurisdiction, the 20142017 - 20172020 tax years are open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
| |
9. | Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans |
The Company has12.Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
We have a 401(k)/profit-sharing plan for all qualifying salaried domestic employees that permits participants to make contributions by salary reductiondefer a portion of their pay pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company makesWe make matching contributions on behalf of each eligible participant in an amount equal to 100% of the first 3% and an additional 25% of the next 5%, for a maximum total of 4.25% of the employee's eligible compensation. The CompanyWe may make a discretionary contribution based onmatching contributions. We may also make discretionary nonelective contributions in an amount to be determined by the participant's eligible compensation,Board of Directors for each Plan Year, provided the employee is employed at the end of the year and has worked at least 1,000 hours. The CompanyWe also maintainsmaintain and contribute to various defined contribution and defined benefit pension arrangements for itsour international employees. The Company meetsWe meet the minimum statutory funding requirements for itsour foreign defined benefitplans. As of December 31, 2020 and contribution plans. The2019, the total unfunded portionportions of the defined benefit obligation for each plan is accrued in other long-term liabilities.obligations were $13.5 million and $11.2 million, respectively.
Expenses related to the Company'sour retirement programs were $10.1$18.7 million in 2017, $9.12020, $16.3 million in 20162019 and $8.4$12.4 million in 2015.2018.
| |
10. | Non-Compete and Employment Agreements |
Employees of the Company13.Non-Compete and Employment Agreements
Our employees have signed agreements under which they have agreed not to disclose trade secrets or confidential information that, where legally permitted, restrict engagement in or connection with any business that is competitive with the Companyus anywhere in the world while employed by the Companyus (and, in some cases, for specified periods thereafter in relevant geographic areas), and that any products or technology created by them during their term of employment are the property of the Company.our property. In addition, the Company requireswe require all channel partners to enter into agreements not to disclose the Company'sour trade secrets and other proprietary information.
The Company hasWe have an employment agreement with theour Chief Executive Officer. This agreement provides for, among other things, in the case of termination for reasonsby us other than death, disabilityfor Cause (as defined therein) or causeby the Chief Executive Officer for Good Reason (as defined therein) and subject to non-competehis execution and non-solicit clauses,delivery of a release of claims against us, he will receive minimum severance payments equal to the sum of two times his base salary and target bonus to be paid out over two years from the date of termination and up to two years of COBRA payments for health care coverage from the dateafter termination. During his employment with
us and solicitationfor two years thereafter, following termination of employment under thecertain circumstances described in the contract.
The Company has a transition agreement with its Chairman of the Board. This agreement provides for, among other things, that the Chairman of the Board shall be employed by the Company until April 30, 2019 unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The Chairman of the Board shall receive salary paid in bi-monthly installments as specified in the transition agreement and restricted stock units vesting in part in February 2018 and the remainder at the end of the transition agreement, subject to the Chairman of the Board's continued employment, in accordance with the terms of the transition agreement. The Chairman of the Board will not be entitled to bonus payments during his employment pursuant to the transition agreement, butcontract, he will be eligible to participate in all of the Company’s benefit plans subject to the terms of such plans. The transition agreement provides for an additional payment (less salary receivednon-competition and equity calculations as set forth in the transition agreement) in the event that the Chairman of the Board's employment is terminated without cause prior to April 30, 2019.non-solicitation obligations.
The CompanyWe also hashave employment agreements with several other employees, primarily in foreign jurisdictions. The terms of these employment agreements generally include annual compensation severance payment provisions and non-compete clauses.
| |
11. | Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company has a stock option and grant plan—14.Stock-Based Compensation
We have an equity incentive plan - the Fifth Amended and Restated ANSYS, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan (Stock Plan). The Stock Plan, as amended, authorizes the grant of up toapproximately 39.8 million shares of the Company'sour common stock in the form of: (i) incentive stock options (ISOs), (ii) nonqualified stock options, (iii) common stock with or without vesting or other restrictions, (iv) common stock upon the attainment of specified performance goals, (v) restricted stock awards, (vi) the right to receive cash dividends with the holders of the common stock as if the recipient held a specified number of shares of the common stock, (vii) deferred stock awards, (viii) restricted stock unit awards, (ix) stock appreciation rights and (x) cash-based awards.
The Stock Plan provides that: (i) the exercise price of an ISOany stock option must be no less than the fair value of the stock at the date of grant and (ii) the exercise price of an ISO held by an optionee who possesses more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock must be no less than 110% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has the authority to set expiration dates that are no later than ten years from the date of grant (or five years for an optionee who meets the 10% criterion), payment terms, and other provisions for each grant. The majority of options granted have a four-year vesting period. Shares associated with unexercised options or reacquired shares of common stock (except those shares withheld as a result of tax withholding, shares used to pay an option exercise price or pursuant to a net issuance) become available again for option grants and common stock issuancesstock-related awards under the Stock Plan.
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors may, at its sole discretion, accelerate or extend the date or dates on which all or any particularan award or awards granted under the Stock Plan may vest or be exercised.extend, in the case of a stock option, the exercise period up to the expiration date of the option, subject to the terms and conditions of the Stock Plan. Upon termination of service of a participant due to the participant’s death or disability, the vesting of restricted stock units held by the participant accelerates (in case of performance-based vesting, subject to the attainment of the performance requirement).
In the event of a "sale event," defined in the Stock Plan as a "Transaction," all outstanding awards will be assumed or continued by the successor entity, with appropriate adjustment in the awards to reflect the transaction. In such event, except as the Compensation Committee may otherwise specify with respect to particular awards in the award agreements, if the service relationship of the holder of an award is terminated without cause on or within 18 months after the sale event, then all awards held by such holder will become fully vested and exercisable at that time. If there is a sale event in which the successor entity refuses to assume or continue outstanding awards, then subject to the consummation of the sale event, all awards with time-based vesting conditions will become fully vested and exercisable at the effective time of the sale event and all awards with performance-based vesting conditions may become vested and exercisable in accordance with the award agreements at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. If awards are not assumed or continued after a sale event,Committee and then all such awards will terminate at the time of the sale event. In the event of the termination of stock options or stock appreciation rights in connection with a sale event, the Compensation Committee may either make or provide for a cash payment to the holders of such awards equal to the difference between the per share transaction consideration and the exercise price of such awards or permit each holder to have at least a 15-day period to exercise such awards prior to their termination.
The CompanyWe currently issuesissue shares related to exercised stock options or vested awards from itsour existing pool of treasury shares and hashave no specific policy to repurchase treasury shares as stock options are exercised or as awards vest. If the treasury pool is depleted, the Companywe will issue new shares.
Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 20152018 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share amounts) | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | |
| Maintenance and service | | 13,626 | | | 8,494 | | | 5,224 | |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | | 73,491 | | | 60,639 | | | 47,099 | |
| Research and development | | 58,498 | | | 47,057 | | | 31,023 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense before taxes | | 145,615 | | | 116,190 | | | 83,346 | |
| Related income tax benefits | | (56,485) | | | (47,454) | | | (34,518) | |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | | $ | 89,130 | | | $ | 68,736 | | | $ | 48,828 | |
| Net impact on earnings per share: | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings per share | | $ | (1.04) | | | $ | (0.82) | | | $ | (0.58) | |
| Diluted earnings per share | | $ | (1.02) | | | $ | (0.80) | | | $ | (0.57) | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share amounts) | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Cost of sales: | | | | | | |
| Software licenses | | $ | 969 |
| | $ | 701 |
| | $ | 745 |
|
| Maintenance and service | | 2,533 |
| | 1,578 |
| | 1,868 |
|
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | |
| Selling, general and administrative | | 30,817 |
| | 15,990 |
| | 17,153 |
|
| Research and development | | 18,835 |
| | 15,078 |
| | 14,185 |
|
| Stock-based compensation expense before taxes | | 53,154 |
| | 33,347 |
| | 33,951 |
|
| Related income tax benefits | | (20,503 | ) | | (10,538 | ) | | (11,656 | ) |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | | $ | 32,651 |
| | $ | 22,809 |
| | $ | 22,295 |
|
| Net impact on earnings per share: | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings per share | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | (0.25 | ) |
| Diluted earnings per share | | $ | (0.38 | ) | | $ | (0.26 | ) | | $ | (0.24 | ) |
As of December 31, 2020, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to awards granted prior to that date was $160.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years. Forfeitures of awards are accounted for as they occur.
Information regardingStock Options
Prior to 2017, we granted stock option transactions is summarized below:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| (options in thousands) | | Options | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | | Options | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | | Options | | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
| Outstanding, beginning of year | | 3,136 |
| | $ | 56.37 |
| | 3,986 |
| | $ | 51.07 |
| | 4,932 |
| | $ | 48.76 |
|
| Granted | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | 260 |
| | $ | 94.38 |
| | 57 |
| | $ | 88.10 |
|
| Issued pursuant to acquisitions | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
| | 8 |
| | $ | 12.26 |
|
| Exercised | | (956 | ) | | $ | 49.78 |
| | (1,082 | ) | | $ | 45.57 |
| | (975 | ) | | $ | 40.52 |
|
| Forfeited | | (10 | ) | | $ | 80.92 |
| | (28 | ) | | $ | 72.07 |
| | (36 | ) | | $ | 70.15 |
|
| Outstanding, end of year | | 2,170 |
| | $ | 59.17 |
| | 3,136 |
| | $ | 56.37 |
| | 3,986 |
| | $ | 51.07 |
|
| Vested and Exercisable, end of year | | 1,930 |
| | $ | 55.11 |
| | 2,762 |
| | $ | 51.80 |
| | 3,539 |
| | $ | 48.29 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | | | | | | |
| Outstanding | | 4.10 |
| | 4.62 |
| | 4.85 |
|
| Vested and Exercisable | | 3.57 |
| | 4.04 |
| | 4.53 |
|
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | | | | | | |
| Outstanding | | $ | 191,895 |
| | $ | 113,822 |
| | $ | 165,131 |
|
| Vested and Exercisable | | $ | 178,456 |
| | $ | 112,379 |
| | $ | 156,487 |
|
Historical and future expected forfeitures have not been significant and, as a result, the outstanding option amounts reflected in the tables above approximate the options expected to vest.
awards. The fair value of each stock option grant isaward was estimated on the date of grant, or date of acquisition for options issued in a business combination, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model which was developed for use in estimating(Black-Scholes model). The determination of the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The Company's options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and changes in input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates. The interest rates used were determined by using the five-year Treasury Note yield at the date of grant or date of acquisition for options issued in a business combination. The volatility was determined based on the historic volatility of the Company's stock during the preceding six years for 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The table below presents the weighted average input assumptions used and resulting fair values for options granted or issued in business combinations during each respective year:
|
| | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Risk-free interest rate | | 1.19% to 1.93% | | 1.18% to 1.65% |
| Expected dividend yield | | —% | | —% |
| Expected volatility | | 24% | | 25% |
| Expected term | | 5.7 years | | 5.6 years |
| Weighted-average fair value per share | | $23.96 | | $30.83 |
The Company did not grant stock option awards in 2017. Forfeitures of awards are accounted for as they occur. The effect of pre-vesting forfeitures on the Company's recorded expense has historically been negligible due to the relatively low turnover of stock option holders.
The Company's determination of fair value of share-basedstock-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model iswas affected by the Company'sour stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. The total estimated grant-date fair values ofThese variables included our stock options that vestedvolatility during the preceding six years, ended December 31, 2017, 2016actual and 2015 were $2.9 million, $7.4 millionprojected employee stock option exercise behaviors, interest rate assumptions using the five-year U.S. Treasury Note yield on the date of grant or acquisition date, and $12.3 million, respectively. expected dividends. The stock-based compensation expense for options was recorded ratably over the requisite service period.
As of December 31, 2017, total2020, there is no unrecognized estimated compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted prior to that date was $5.0 million, whichoptions.
Information regarding stock option transactions is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average periodsummarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| (options in thousands) | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price |
| Outstanding, beginning of year | | 984 | | | $ | 67.49 | | | 1,484 | | | $ | 62.80 | | | 2,170 | | | $ | 59.17 | |
| Granted | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Exercised | | (336) | | | $ | 54.43 | | | (495) | | | $ | 53.53 | | | (679) | | | $ | 50.92 | |
| Forfeited | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | (5) | | | $ | 64.21 | | | (7) | | | $ | 86.28 | |
| Outstanding, end of year | | 648 | | | $ | 74.26 | | | 984 | | | $ | 67.49 | | | 1,484 | | | $ | 62.80 | |
| Vested and Exercisable, end of year | | 648 | | | $ | 74.26 | | | 924 | | | $ | 65.71 | | | 1,347 | | | $ | 59.69 | |
| Nonvested | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | 60 | | | $ | 94.77 | | | 137 | | | $ | 93.44 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | | | | | | |
| Outstanding | | 2.93 | | 3.18 | | 3.55 |
| Vested and Exercisable | | 2.93 | | 2.95 | | 3.14 |
| Nonvested | | 0.00 | | 6.71 | | 7.60 |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) | | | | | | |
| Exercised | | $ | 78,269 | | | $ | 72,098 | | | $ | 78,648 | |
| Outstanding | | $ | 187,679 | | | $ | 186,926 | | | $ | 118,908 | |
| Vested and Exercisable | | $ | 187,679 | | | $ | 177,111 | | | $ | 112,133 | |
| Nonvested | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 9,815 | | | $ | 6,775 | |
Compensation Expense - Stock Options (in thousands) | | $ | 1,030 | | | $ | 1,709 | | | $ | 2,006 | |
Information regarding stock options outstanding as of December 31, 20172020 is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (options in thousands) | | Options Outstanding & Exercisable |
| Range of Exercise Prices | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years) | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price |
| $12.26 - $24.42 | | 13 | | | 0.40 | | $ | 22.10 | |
| $58.67 | | 167 | | | 0.86 | | $ | 58.67 | |
| $67.44 | | 226 | | | 1.85 | | $ | 67.44 | |
| $78.56 - $95.09 | | 242 | | | 5.48 | | $ | 94.15 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (options in thousands) | | Options Outstanding | | Options Exercisable |
| Range of Exercise Prices | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years) | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price | | Options | | Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price |
| $5.91 - $40.89 | | 437 |
| | 1.74 | | $ | 32.01 |
| | 434 |
| | $ | 32.15 |
|
| $48.97 - $55.30 | | 392 |
| | 2.80 | | $ | 49.11 |
| | 392 |
| | $ | 49.11 |
|
| $58.67 | | 492 |
| | 3.85 | | $ | 58.67 |
| | 492 |
| | $ | 58.67 |
|
| $61.68 - $95.09 | | 849 |
| | 6.05 | | $ | 78.06 |
| | 612 |
| | $ | 72.35 |
|
There were no unvested stock options as of December 31, 2020.
Restricted Stock Units
Under the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated ANSYS, Inc. Long-Term Incentive1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan, the Company issueswe issue various restricted stock unit awards. The following table summarizes the types of awards which may have a market condition, an operating performance condition orand vesting conditions:
| | | | | | | | |
| Award | Vesting Period | Vesting Condition |
| Restricted stock units with a service condition only | Three years | Continued employment through the vesting period. One third vests annually. |
| Restricted stock units with an operating performance and service condition | Three years | Operating performance metrics as defined at the beginning of each sub-performance period and subject to continued employment. |
| Restricted stock units with a market and service condition | Three years | Our performance measured by total stockholder return relative to the Nasdaq Composite Index for the performance period and subject to continued employment through the vesting period. |
The fair value of RSUs with only a service condition or any combination of the three. The Company granted 26,227, 35,000 and 34,450 performance-based restricted stock units with a market condition in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The percentage of the award that vests is based on the Company's performance as measured by total shareholder return relative tofair market value of our stock on the appreciationdate of a specified stock indexthe grant and is recognized over the measurement period, subject to each participant's continued employmentvesting period.
The fair value of RSUs with operating performance metrics is based on the Companyfair market value of our stock on the date of the grant and is recognized from the grant date through the conclusion of the measurement period. Asperformance period associated with each operating performance metric based on management's estimates concerning the probability of December 31, 2017, 33,187 unitsvesting.
The measurement periods for thefair values of restricted stock units granted pursuant to the Long-Term Incentive Plan are one-, two- and three-year periods beginning January 1 of the year of the grant. Each restricted stock unit relates to one share of the Company's common stock. The weighted-average fair value of each restricted stock unit granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 was estimated on the grant date to be $120.94, $78.71 and $81.61, respectively. The fair value of the restricted stock units was(RSUs) with a market condition were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model.model and are recognized over the vesting period. The determination of the fair valuevalues of the awards was affected by the grant date and a number ofseveral variables, each of which has been identified in the chart below. Share-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the award is being recorded from the grant date through the conclusion of the three-year measurement period. below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.7% | | 2.5% | | 2.4% |
| Expected dividend yield | 0% | | 0% | | 0% |
| Expected volatility—Ansys stock price | 25% | | 23% | | 21% |
| Expected volatility—Nasdaq Composite Index | 18% | | 16% | | 15% |
| Expected term | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years |
| Correlation factor | 0.77 | | 0.71 | | 0.65 |
| Weighted average fair value per share | $245.08 | | $238.99 | | $191.76 |
Total compensation expense associated with the market conditionfor employee RSU awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 20152018 was $1.8$138.3 million, $2.2$109.9 million and $3.1$77.4 million, respectively.
The table below representsInformation regarding all employee RSU transactions is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| (RSUs in thousands) | | RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value | | RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value | | RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value |
| Nonvested, beginning of year | | 1,618 | | | $ | 165.26 | | | 1,522 | | | $ | 129.96 | | | 1,361 | | | $ | 100.66 | |
Granted(1) | | 501 | | | $ | 256.47 | | | 843 | | | $ | 192.37 | | | 681 | | | $ | 163.67 | |
Performance adjustment - awards with market condition(2) | | 18 | | | $ | 191.76 | | | 12 | | | $ | 120.96 | | | 10 | | | $ | 78.71 | |
Performance adjustment - awards with performance condition(2) | | (10) | | | $ | 279.08 | | | 62 | | | $ | 176.89 | | | 66 | | | $ | 162.64 | |
| Vested | | (742) | | | $ | 158.13 | | | (704) | | | $ | 125.84 | | | (524) | | | $ | 101.38 | |
| Forfeited | | (62) | | | $ | 193.28 | | | (117) | | | $ | 140.43 | | | (72) | | | $ | 125.29 | |
| Nonvested, end of year | | 1,323 | | | $ | 201.98 | | | 1,618 | | | $ | 165.26 | | | 1,522 | | | $ | 129.96 | |
(1) Includes all RSUs granted during the assumptions used inyear. RSUs with operating performance conditions are issued annually and have one performance cycle or three sub-performance cycles. Performance conditions are assigned near the Monte Carlo simulation model to determinebeginning of each performance cycle or sub-performance cycle, as applicable, and awards are reflected as grants at the fair valuetarget number of units at that time.
(2) RSUs with a market or performance condition are granted at target and vest based on achievement of the restricted stock units during each respective year:
|
| | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| Assumptions used in Monte Carlo lattice pricing model | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.5% | | 1.0% | | 1.1% |
| Expected dividend yield | —% | | —% | | —% |
| Expected volatility—ANSYS stock price | 19% | | 21% | | 23% |
| Expected volatility—NASDAQ Composite Index | 15% | | 16% | | 14% |
| Expected term | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years | | 2.8 years |
| Correlation factor | 0.70 | | 0.65 | | 0.60 |
market or operating performance and service conditions. The Companyactual number of RSUs issued 104,910, 35,000 and 115,485 performance-based restricted stock awards during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Ofmay be more or less than the cumulative performance-based restricted stock awards issued, defined operating metrics were assigned to 85,132, 63,462 and 51,795 awards with grant-date fair values of $106.95, $84.61 and $86.38 during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The grant-date fair valuetarget RSUs depending on the achievement of the awards is being recorded from the grant date through the conclusionmarket or operating performance conditions.
Board of the measurement period associated with each operating metric based on management's estimates concerning the probability ofDirectors
vesting. As of December 31, 2017, 11,059 units of the totalDuring and prior to 2015, awards granted were earned and will be issued in 2018. As of December 31, 2017, a total of 69,908 units of the 2017 awards granted were earned and of this total, 34,954 units will be issued in 2018 and 34,954 will be issued in 2020. Total compensation expense associated with the awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $6.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
In addition, in 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company granted restricted stock units of 762,732, 488,622 and 344,500, respectively, that will vest over a three- or four-year period with weighted-average grant-date fair values of $109.56, $88.51 and $86.34, respectively. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, 261,618, 162,019 and 85,713 shares vested and were released, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 1,262,496, 838,327 and 571,462 units were outstanding, respectively. Total compensation expense is being recorded over the service period and was $37.3 million, $19.1 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
In conjunction with a 2015 acquisition, ANSYS issued 68,451 shares of replacement restricted stock with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $90.48. Of the $6.2 million grant-date fair value, $3.5 million, related to partially vested awards, was recorded as non-cash purchase price consideration. The remaining fair value will be recognized as stock compensation expense through the conclusion of the service period. Total compensation expense associated with the awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0.6 million, $1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
The Company haswe granted deferred stock awards to non-affiliate Independentnon-employee Directors, which are rights to receive shares of common stock upon termination of service as a Director. In 2015 and prior, the deferred stock awards were granted quarterly in arrears and vested immediately upon grant. Associated with these awards, the Companywe established a non-qualified 409(a) deferred compensation plan with assets held under a rabbi trust to provide Directors an opportunity to diversify their vested awards. During open trading windows and at their elective option, the Directors may convert their CompanyAnsys shares into a variety of non-Company-stocknon-Ansys-stock investment options in order to diversify a portion of their holdings. Asholdings, subject to meeting ownership guidelines.
Information regarding deferred stock awards have vested with the underlying shares remaining unissued until the service termination of the respective Director owners. In 2017 and 2016, the Company granted 18,018 and 38,400 deferred stockto non-employee Directors is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
| Diversified | | Undiversified | | Total |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year | 5,598 | | | 60,081 | | | 65,679 | |
| Shares Diversified | 1,400 | | | (1,400) | | | 0 | |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year | 6,998 | | | 58,681 | | | 65,679 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
| Diversified | | Undiversified | | Total |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year | 12,250 | | | 120,449 | | | 132,699 | |
| Shares Diversified | 13,348 | | | (13,348) | | | 0 | |
| Shares Issued Upon Retirement | (20,000) | | | (47,020) | | | (67,020) | |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year | 5,598 | | | 60,081 | | | 65,679 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2018 |
| Diversified | | Undiversified | | Total |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, beginning of year | 29,500 | | | 159,599 | | | 189,099 | |
| Shares Diversified | 6,105 | | | (6,105) | | | 0 | |
| Shares Issued Upon Retirement | (23,355) | | | (33,045) | | | (56,400) | |
| Deferred Awards Outstanding, end of year | 12,250 | | | 120,449 | | | 132,699 | |
Information regarding RSU awards respectively, which willto non-employee Directors is summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| (RSUs in thousands) | | BOD RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value | | BOD RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value | | BOD RSUs | | Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value |
| Nonvested, beginning of year | | 9,688 | | | $ | 187.53 | | | 13,632 | | | $ | 165.71 | | | 18,018 | | | $ | 123.38 | |
| Granted | | 9,664 | | | $ | 253.40 | | | 11,259 | | | $ | 187.53 | | | 13,632 | | | $ | 165.71 | |
| Vested | | (10,704) | | | $ | 193.35 | | | (14,287) | | | $ | 166.71 | | | (18,018) | | | $ | 123.38 | |
| Forfeited | | (577) | | | $ | 253.93 | | | (916) | | | $ | 187.53 | | | 0 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Nonvested, end of year | | 8,071 | | | $ | 253.93 | | | 9,688 | | | $ | 187.53 | | | 13,632 | | | $ | 165.71 | |
The RSUs to non-employee Directors vest in full onupon the one-year anniversaryearlier of one year from the date of grant or the date of the grant.next regular meeting of stockholders. If a non-employee Director retires prior to the vest date, the non-employee Director receives a pro-rata portion of the RSUs. Total compensation expense associated with the awards recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 20152018 was $2.6$2.2 million, $1.9$2.5 million and $4.0$2.3 million, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
| |
12. | Stock Repurchase Program |
Under the Company's stock repurchase program, the Company repurchased shares as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Number of shares repurchased | 2,750 |
| | 3,700 |
| | 3,833 |
|
| Average price paid per share | $ | 122.20 |
| | $ | 90.90 |
| | $ | 88.16 |
|
| Total cost | $ | 336,042 |
| | $ | 336,335 |
| | $ | 337,910 |
|
In February 2018, the Company's Board of Directors increased the number of shares authorized for repurchase to a total of 5.0 million shares under the stock repurchase program. As of December 31, 2017, 2.8 million shares remained available for repurchase under the program.
| |
13. | Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
The Company'sOur 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) was adopted by the Board of Directors on April 19, 1996 and was subsequently approved by the Company'sour stockholders. The stockholders approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan in May 2016 to increase the number of shares available for offerings to 1.8 million shares.shares of which 0.1 million shares are available for future purchases as of December 31, 2020. The Purchase Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. Offerings under the Purchase Plan commence on each February 1 and August 1, and have a duration of six months. An employee who owns or is deemed to own shares of stock representing in excess of 5% of the combined voting power of all classes of our stock of the Company may not participate in the Purchase Plan.
During each offering, an eligible employee may purchase shares under the Purchase Plan by authorizing payroll deductions of up to 10% of his or her cash compensation during the offering period. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased by any participating employee during any offering period is limited to 3,840 shares (as adjusted by the Compensation
Committee from time to time). Unless the employee has previously withdrawn from the offering, his or her accumulated payroll
deductions will be used to purchase common stock on the last business day of the period at a price equal to 90% of the fair market value of the common stock on the first or last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Under applicable tax rules, an employee may not accrue the right to purchase more than $25,000 of common stock, based on the grant-date fair value, in any calendar year in which the option is outstanding at any time. As of December 31, 2017, 1.52020, 1.7 million shares of common stock had been issued under the Purchase Plan. The total compensation expense recorded under the Purchase Plan during the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 20152018 was $1.2$4.1 million,, $1.2 $2.0 million and $1.0$1.8 million,, respectively.
Office Space
The Company's executive offices and those related to certain domestic product development, marketing, production and administration are located in a 186,000 square foot office facility in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The term15.Stock Repurchase Program
Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased shares as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| Number of shares repurchased | 690 | | | 330 | | | 1,674 | |
| Average price paid per share | $ | 233.48 | | | $ | 179.41 | | | $ | 161.12 | |
| Total cost | $ | 161,029 | | | $ | 59,116 | | | $ | 269,801 | |
All of the lease is 183 months, beginning on October 1, 2014 and expiring on December 31, 2029. Absentshares of common stock repurchased during the exercise of options in the lease for additional rentable space or early lease termination, the Company's base rent (inclusive of property taxes and certain operating expenses) will be $4.3 million per annum for the first five years of the lease term, $4.5 million per annum for years six through ten and $4.7 million per annum for years eleven through fifteen. The Company incurred $4.4 million in lease expense related to this facility during each of the yearsyear ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The Company has entered into various other noncancellable operating leases for office space.
Office space lease expense totaled $17.1 million, $16.9 million and $16.5 million for2020 were repurchased in the years endedfirst quarter of 2020. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Future minimum lease payments, including termination fees,2020, 2.8 million shares remained available for repurchase under noncancellable operating leases for office space in effect at December 31, 2017 are as follows:the program.
16.Royalty Agreements
|
| | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2018 | $ | 14,139 |
|
| 2019 | 11,570 |
|
| 2020 | 8,785 |
|
| 2021 | 7,675 |
|
| 2022 | 7,046 |
|
| Thereafter | 15,898 |
|
| Total | $ | 65,113 |
|
The Company hasWe have entered into various renewable nonexclusive license agreements under which the Company haswe have been granted access to the licensor's technology and the right to sell the technology in the Company'sour product line. Royalties are payable to developers of the software at various rates and amounts, which generally are based upon unit sales, revenue or flat fees. Royalty fees are reported in cost of goods soldsoftware licenses and were $16.0$29.6 million,, $13.1 $22.4 million and $11.8$16.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively.
| |
16. | Geographic Information |
17.Geographic Information
Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenue by geographic area iswas as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 |
| United States | $ | 776,716 | | | $ | 637,916 | | | $ | 506,335 | |
| Japan | 183,117 | | | 162,154 | | | 145,951 | |
| Germany | 160,771 | | | 158,809 | | | 140,506 | |
| South Korea | 74,953 | | | 90,082 | | | 72,724 | |
| France | 71,255 | | | 68,551 | | | 67,657 | |
| Other EMEA | 236,678 | | | 211,193 | | | 193,317 | |
| Other international | 177,807 | | | 187,187 | | | 167,146 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 1,681,297 | | | $ | 1,515,892 | | | $ | 1,293,636 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| United States | $ | 417,342 |
| | $ | 367,937 |
| | $ | 354,433 |
|
| Japan | 126,262 |
| | 120,160 |
| | 104,299 |
|
| Germany | 108,216 |
| | 99,814 |
| | 94,546 |
|
| South Korea | 63,011 |
| | 56,790 |
| | 55,142 |
|
| France | 53,672 |
| | 49,294 |
| | 49,444 |
|
| Canada | 13,824 |
| | 13,284 |
| | 13,314 |
|
| Other European | 153,826 |
| | 139,813 |
| | 145,985 |
|
| Other international | 159,097 |
| | 141,373 |
| | 125,590 |
|
| Total revenue | $ | 1,095,250 |
| | $ | 988,465 |
| | $ | 942,753 |
|
Property and equipment by geographic area iswas as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2020 | | 2019 |
| United States | $ | 65,633 | | | $ | 59,473 | |
| India | 7,408 | | | 5,660 | |
| France | 5,749 | | | 3,657 | |
| Germany | 5,277 | | | 4,237 | |
| United Kingdom | 3,765 | | | 4,194 | |
| Other EMEA | 2,082 | | | 1,875 | |
| Other international | 6,589 | | | 4,540 | |
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | 96,503 | | | $ | 83,636 | |
18.Unconditional Purchase Obligations
|
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| (in thousands) | 2017 | | 2016 |
| United States | $ | 45,498 |
| | $ | 43,810 |
|
| Europe | 5,059 |
| | 4,753 |
|
| India | 3,704 |
| | 3,033 |
|
| Other international | 2,835 |
| | 3,081 |
|
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | 57,096 |
| | $ | 54,677 |
|
| |
17. | Unconditional Purchase Obligations |
The Company hasWe have entered into various unconditional purchase obligations which primarily include royalties and software licenses and long-term purchase contracts for network, communication and office maintenance services. The CompanyWe expended $14.1$37.2 million, $7.2$24.2 million and $5.3$22.4 million related to unconditional purchase obligations that existed as of the beginning of each year for the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162020, 2019 and 2015,2018, respectively. Future expenditures under unconditional purchase obligations in effect as of December 31, 20172020 are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2021 | $ | 44,865 | |
| 2022 | 20,751 | |
| 2023 | 6,758 | |
| 2024 | 2,525 | |
| 2025 | 26 | |
| Total | $ | 74,925 | |
19.Contingencies and Commitments
|
| | | |
| (in thousands) | |
| 2018 | $ | 22,408 |
|
| 2019 | 18,271 |
|
| 2020 | 6,706 |
|
| 2021 | 4,545 |
|
| 2022 | — |
|
| Total | $ | 51,930 |
|
During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company initiated workforce realignment activities to reallocate resources to align with the Company's future strategic plans. The Company incurred related restructuring charges as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| (in thousands) | Gross | | Net of Tax |
| Q4 2016 | $ | 3,419 |
| | $ | 2,355 |
|
| Q1 2017 | 9,273 |
| | 6,176 |
|
| Q2 2017 | 2,000 |
| | 1,435 |
|
| Q3 2017 | 466 |
| | 331 |
|
| Total restructuring charges | $ | 15,158 |
| | $ | 10,297 |
|
The restructuring chargesWe are included in the presentation of cost of software licenses; cost of maintenance and service; research and development expense; and selling, general and administrative expense. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid $12.5 million of the gross charges. As of December 31, 2017, $2.2 million of the gross charges incurred to date remains unpaid. The Company completed the workforce realignment activities as of September 30, 2017.
| |
19. | Contingencies and Commitments |
The Company is subject to various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, including commercial disputes, labor and employment matters, tax audits, alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and other matters. In theour opinion, of the Company, the resolution of pending matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company'sour consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings could materially affect the Company'sour results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
AnOur Indian subsidiary of the Company has several service tax audits pending that have resulted in formal inquiries being received on transactions through mid-2012. The CompanyWe could incur tax charges and related liabilities of approximately $7.5$7.3 million. As such charges are not probable at this time, a reserve has not been recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020. The service tax issues raised in the Company’sour notices and inquiries are very similar to the case, M/s Microsoft Corporation (I) (P) Ltd. VsVs. Commissioner of Service Tax, New Delhi, wherein the Delhi Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) has passedissued a favorable ruling to Microsoft. The CompanyMicrosoft ruling was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court by the Indian tax authority and a decision is still pending. We can provide no assurances on whether the Microsoft case’s favorable ruling will be challenged in higher courts or on the impact that the present Microsoft case’s decision will have on our cases, however, an unfavorable ruling in the Company’s cases. The Company isMicrosoft case may impact our assessment of probability and result in the recording of a $7.3 million reserve. We are uncertain as to when these service tax matters will be concluded.
A French subsidiary of the Company previously received notice that the French taxing authority rejected the Company's 2012 research and development credit. The Company contested the decision and received a favorable outcome during the first half of 2017. There are currently no challenges to other years' research and development credits for this subsidiary; however, other years are subject to future review and audit.
The Company sellsWe sell software licenses and services to itsour customers under proprietary software licensecontractual agreements. Each license agreement contains the relevant terms of the contractual arrangement with the customer, andSuch agreements generally includesinclude certain provisions for indemnifying the customer against losses, expensesclaims of intellectual property infringement or non-compliance to contractual terms and liabilitiesconditions by third parties arising from damages that are incurred bysuch customer’s usage of our products or awarded against the customer in the event the Company's software or services are found to infringe upon a patent, copyright or other proprietary right of a third party.services. To date, the Company has not had to reimburse any of its customers for any lossespayments related to these indemnification provisions and no material claims asserted under these indemnification provisions are outstanding as of December 31, 2017.have been immaterial. For several reasons, including the lack of prior
material indemnification claims, the Companywe cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.
SCHEDULE II
ANSYS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) Description | | Balance at
Beginning
of Year | | Additions:
Charges to Costs
and Expenses | | Deductions:
Write-Offs | | Balance at
End
of Year |
Year ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 8,700 | | | $ | 6,438 | | | $ | 1,138 | | | $ | 14,000 | |
Year ended December 31, 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 8,000 | | | $ | 2,928 | | | $ | 2,228 | | | $ | 8,700 | |
Year ended December 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 6,800 | | | $ | 1,577 | | | $ | 377 | | | $ | 8,000 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) Description | | Balance at Beginning of Year | | Additions: Charges to Costs and Expenses | | Deductions: Returns and Write-Offs | | Balance at End of Year |
Year ended December 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5,700 |
| | $ | 1,474 |
| | $ | 374 |
| | $ | 6,800 |
|
Year ended December 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5,200 |
| | $ | 2,009 |
| | $ | 1,509 |
| | $ | 5,700 |
|
Year ended December 31, 2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 5,500 |
| | $ | 1,304 |
| | $ | 1,604 |
| | $ | 5,200 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
| Exhibit No. | | Exhibit |
| 3.1 | | |
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3.2 | | |
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3.3 | | |
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3.4 | | |
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3.5 | | |
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3.6 | | |
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3.7 | | |
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3.8 | | |
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3.9 | | |
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3.103.2 | | |
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10.14.1 | | |
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10.210.1 | | The Company's Pension Plan |
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10.3 | | Form of Director Indemnification Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-4278) and incorporated herein by reference).(P) |
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10.4 | | |
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10.5 | | |
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10.610.2 | | |
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10.710.3 | | Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the ANSYS, Inc. Second AmendedExecutive Severance Plan, as amended and Restated 1996 Stock Option and Grant Planrestated, dated July 29, 2014 (filed as Exhibits 99.3Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's CurrentCompany’s Annual Report on Form 8-K,10-K, filed February 8, 2005,27, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).* |
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10.8 | | |
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10.9 | | |
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10.10 | | |
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10.1110.4 | | |
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10.12 | | |
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10.1310.5 | | |
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10.14 | | |
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10.1510.6 | | |
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10.16 | | |
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10.17 | | |
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10.18 | | |
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10.19 | | |
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10.20 | | |
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10.21 | | |
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10.22 | | |
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10.23 | | |
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10.24 | | |
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10.25 | | |
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10.26 | | |
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10.27 | | |
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10.28 | | |
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10.29 | | |
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10.3010.7 | | |
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10.31 | | |
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10.32 | | |
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10.33 | | |
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10.34 | | |
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10.35 | | |
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10.36 | | |
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10.37 | | ANSYS, Inc. Third Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Appendix 2 to the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).* |
| | |
10.38 | | Fifth Amended and Restated ANSYS, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan (filed as Appendix 1 to the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference).* |
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10.39 | | |
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10.4010.8 | | |
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10.4110.9 | | |
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10.4210.10 | | |
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| 10.11 | | |
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| 10.12 | | |
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10.4310.13 | | |
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| 10.14 | | |
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| 10.15 | | |
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| 10.16 | | |
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| 10.17 | | |
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| 10.18 | | Employment Agreement between the CompanyANSYS, Inc. and Walid Abu-Hadba,Ajei S. Gopal, dated May 1, 2017August 29, 2016 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 1, 2017,August 29, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).* |
| | |
14.110.19 | | |
| | |
14.210.20 | | AmendedLease by and restatedbetween ANSYS, Inc. - Codeand Quattro Investment Group, L.P., dated as of Business Conduct and Ethics, effective February 7, 2018September 14, 2012 (filed as Exhibit 14.110.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 9, 2018,September 18, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference). |
| | |
21.110.21 | | Credit Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2019, among ANSYS, Inc. as borrower, Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and an L/C issuer, the lenders party thereto, and the other L/C Issuers party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference). |
| | |
| 10.22 | | First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated October 16, 2019,among ANSYS, Inc., as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto(filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 21, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference). |
| | |
| 10.23 | | Credit Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2020, among ANSYS, Inc., as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 12, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference). |
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| 21.1 | | |
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| 23.1 | | |
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| 24.1 | | |
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| 31.1 | | |
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| 31.2 | | |
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| 32.1 | | |
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| 32.2 | | |
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101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document |
| |
101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
| |
101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
| |
101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
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101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
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101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
|
| |
*101.INS | | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
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| 101.SCH | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
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| 101.CAL | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
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| 101.DEF | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
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| 101.LAB | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
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| 101.PRE | | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
| | |
| 104 | | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
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| * | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. |
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(P) | Indicates a paper filing. |
| |
ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY |
ITEM 16.FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | ANSYS, Inc. |
| | | |
| Date: | February 24, 2021 | | By: | | /s/ AJEI S. GOPAL |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Ajei S. Gopal |
| | | | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| | | | | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| | | | | |
| Date: | February 24, 2021 | | ANSYS, Inc. |
| By: | | | |
Date: | February 22, 2018 | | By: | | /s/ AJEI S. GOPAL MARIA T. SHIELDS |
| | | | | |
| | | | | Ajei S. Gopal |
| | | | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| | | |
Date: | February 22, 2018 | | By: | | /s/ MARIA T. SHIELDS
|
| | | | | |
| | | | | Maria T. Shields |
| | | | | Chief Financial Officer |
| | | | | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Ajei S. Gopal, his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for such person in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated below.
| | | | | | | | |
| Signature | Title | Date |
| | |
/s/ AJEI S. GOPAL | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) | February 24, 2021 |
| Ajei S. Gopal | |
| | |
Signature | Title | Date |
| | |
/s/ AJEI S. GOPAL
| President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
| February 22, 2018 |
Ajei S. Gopal | |
| | |
/s/ MARIA T. SHIELDS | Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
| February 22, 201824, 2021 |
| Maria T. Shields | |
| | |
/s/ JAMESGLENDA M. DORCHAK | Director | February 24, 2021 |
| Glenda M. Dorchak | | |
| | |
/s/ GUY E. CASHMAN III DUBOIS | Non-Executive Director | February 24, 2021 |
| Guy E. Dubois | | |
| | |
/s/ DR. ALEC D. GALLIMORE | Director | February 24, 2021 |
| Dr. Alec D. Gallimore | | |
| | |
/s/ RONALD W. HOVSEPIAN | Chairman of the Board of Directors | February 22, 201824, 2021 |
James E. Cashman IIIRonald W. Hovsepian | | |
| | |
/s/ GUY DUBOISBARBARA V. SCHERER | Director | February 22, 201824, 2021 |
Guy DuboisBarbara V. Scherer | | |
| | |
/s/ Dr. Alec D. Gallimore | Director | February 22, 2018 |
Dr. Alec D. Gallimore | | |
| | |
/s/ RONALD W. HOVSEPIANROBERT M. CALDERONI | Lead Independent Director | February 22, 201824, 2021 |
Ronald W. HovsepianRobert M. Calderoni | | |
| | |
/s/ WILLIAM R. MCDERMOTTRAVI K. VIJAYARAGHAVAN | Director | February 22, 201824, 2021 |
William R. McDermottRavi K. Vijayaraghavan | | |
| | |
/s/ BRADFORD C. MORLEY
| Director | February 22, 2018 |
Bradford C. Morley | | |
| | |
/s/ BARBARA V. SCHERER
| Director | February 22, 2018 |
Barbara V. Scherer | | |
| | |
/s/ MICHAEL C. THURK
| Director | February 22, 2018 |
Michael C. Thurk | | |
| | |
/s/ PATRICK J. ZILVITIS
| Director | February 22, 2018 |
Patrick J. Zilvitis | | |