UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 202128, 2024
OR
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| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 0-23985
NVIDIA CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| Delaware | 94-3177549 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporationincorporation or Organization)organization) | Identification No.) |
| |
| 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, California | 95051 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
2788 San Tomas Expressway
Santa Clara, California 95051
(408) 486-2000
(Address, including zip code, andRegistrant’s telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)code: (408) 486-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share | NVDA | The Nasdaq Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒☐ No ☐☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”,filer," “accelerated filer”,filer," “smaller reporting company”,company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 24, 202028, 2023 was approximately $241.21 billion$1.1 trillion (based on the closing sales price of the registrant's common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 24, 2020)28, 2023). This calculation excludes 25105 million shares held by directors and executive officers of the registrant. This calculation does not exclude shares held by such organizations whose ownership exceeds 5% of the registrant's outstanding common stock that have represented to the registrant that they are registered investment advisers or investment companies registered under section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 19, 202116, 2024 was 620 million.2.5 billion.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for its 20212024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
NVIDIA CORPORATIONCorporation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATIONWhere You Can Find More Information
Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using our investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We also use the following social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the company, our products, our planned financial and other announcements and attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences, and other matters and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD:
NVIDIA TwitterX Account (https://twitter.com/nvidia)
NVIDIA CompanyCorporate Blog (http://blogs.nvidia.com)
NVIDIA Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/nvidia)
NVIDIA LinkedIn Page (http://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia)
NVIDIA Instagram Page (https://www.instagram.com/nvidia)
In addition, investors and others can view NVIDIA videos on YouTube (https://www.YouTube.com/nvidia).
The information we post through these social media channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these accounts and the blog, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. This list may be updated from time to time. The information we post through these channels is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These channels may be updated from time to time on NVIDIA's investor relations website.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “goal,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential”“potential,” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties, and other factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors.” Given these risks, uncertainties, and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
All references to “NVIDIA,” “we,” “us,” “our”“our,” or the “Company” mean NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, , and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
© 20212024 NVIDIA Corporation. All rights reserved. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, GeForce, Quadro, Tegra, CUDA, CUDA-X AI, GeForce, GeForce Experience, GeForce GTX, GeForce NOW, GeForce RTX, Jetson, Mellanox, NGC, NVIDIA AGX, NVIDIA DesignWorks, NVIDIA DGX, NVIDIA DRIVE, NVIDIA DRIVE Constellation, NVIDIA GRID, NVIDIA HGX, NVIDIA RTX, NVIDIA VRWorks, Quadro, Quadro RTX, SHIELD, vGPU and Xavier are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated. Features, pricing, availability, and specifications are subject to change without notice.
PARTPart I
ITEMItem 1. BUSINESSBusiness
Our Company
NVIDIA pioneered accelerated computing to help solve the most challenging computational problems. Since our original focusNVIDIA is now a full-stack computing infrastructure company with data-center-scale offerings that are reshaping industry.
Our full-stack includes the foundational CUDA programming model that runs on PC graphics, we have expanded to several other largeall NVIDIA GPUs, as well as hundreds of domain-specific software libraries, software development kits, or SDKs, and importantApplication Programming Interfaces, or APIs. This deep and broad software stack accelerates the performance and eases the deployment of NVIDIA accelerated computing for computationally intensive fields. Fueled by the sustained demand for exceptional 3D graphics and the scale of the gaming market, NVIDIA has leveraged its GPU architecture to create platforms for scientific computing,workloads such as artificial intelligence, or AI, model training and inference, data science, autonomous vehicles, or AV, robotics,analytics, scientific computing, and augmented3D graphics, with vertical-specific optimizations to address industries ranging from healthcare and virtual reality, or ARtelecom to automotive and VR.manufacturing.
Our data-center-scale offerings are comprised of compute and networking solutions that can scale to tens of thousands of GPU-accelerated servers interconnected to function as a single giant computer; this type of data center architecture and scale is needed for the development and deployment of modern AI applications.
The GPU was initially used to simulate human imagination, enabling the virtual worlds of video games and films. Today, it also simulates human intelligence, enabling a deeper understanding of the physical world. Its parallel processing capabilities, supported by up to thousands of computing cores, are essential to runningfor deep learning algorithms. This form of AI, in which software writes itself by learning from large amounts of data, can serve as the brain of computers, robots and self-driving cars that can perceive and understand the world. GPU-powered deep learning isAI solutions are being adopteddeveloped by thousands of enterprises to deliver services and products that would have been immensely difficult or even impossible with traditional coding. Examples include generative AI, which can create new content such as text, code, images, audio, video, and molecule structures, and recommendation systems, which can recommend highly relevant content such as products, services, media or ads using deep neural networks trained on vast datasets that capture the user preferences.
NVIDIA has a platform strategy, bringing together hardware, systems, software, algorithms, libraries, systems, and services to create unique value for the markets we serve. While the computing requirements of these end markets are diverse, we address them with a unified underlying architecture leveraging our GPUs and networking and software stacks. The programmable nature of our architecture allows us to support several multi-billion-dollar end markets with the same underlying technology by using a variety of software stacks developed either internally or by third partythird-party developers and partners. The large and growing number of developers and installed base across our platforms strengthens our ecosystem and increases the value of our platform to our customers.
Innovation is at our core. We have invested over $24$45.3 billion in research and development since our inception, yielding inventions that are essential to modern computing. Our invention of the GPU in 1999 defined modernsparked the growth of the PC gaming market and redefined computer graphics and established NVIDIA as the leader in visual computing.graphics. With our introduction of the CUDA programming model in 2006, we opened the parallel processing capabilities of our GPU to a broad range of compute-intensive applications, paving the way for the emergence of modern AI. In 2012, the AlexNet neural network, trained on NVIDIA GPUs, won the ImageNet computer image recognition competition, marking the “Big Bang” moment of AI. We introduced our first Tensor Core GPU in 2017, built from the ground-up for general purpose computing. This approach significantly accelerates the most demanding high-performance computing,new era of AI, and our first autonomous driving system-on-chips, or HPC, applicationsSoC, in fields such as aerospace, bio-science research, mechanical2018. Our acquisition of Mellanox in 2020 expanded our innovation canvas to include networking and fluid simulations, and energy exploration. Today, our GPUs power manyled to the introduction of a new processor class – the fastest supercomputers acrossdata processing unit, or DPU. Over the world. In addition, the massively parallel compute architecturepast 5 years, we have built full software stacks that run on top of our GPUs and associated software are well suited for deep learning and machine learning, powering the era of AI. While traditional CPU-based approaches no longer deliver advances on the pace described by Moore’s Law, we deliver GPU performance improvements on a pace ahead of Moore’s Law, giving the industry a path forward.
Gamers choose NVIDIA GPUsCUDA to enjoy immersive, increasingly cinematic virtual worlds. GPUs also help underpinbring AI to the world’s fastest growing spectator sport, eSports, which attracts hundredslargest industries, including NVIDIA DRIVE stack for autonomous driving, Clara for healthcare, and Omniverse for industrial digitalization; and introduced the NVIDIA AI Enterprise software – essentially an operating system for enterprise AI applications. In 2023, we introduced our first data center CPU, Grace, built for giant-scale AI and high-performance computing. With a strong engineering culture, we drive fast, yet harmonized, product and technology innovations in all dimensions of millionscomputing including silicon, systems, networking, software and algorithms. More than half of viewersour engineers work on software.
The world’s leading cloud service providers, or CSPs, and consumer internet companies use our data center-scale accelerated computing platforms to watch top-quality gaming. In additionenable, accelerate or enrich the services they deliver to servingbillions of end users, including AI solutions and assistants, search, recommendations, social networking, online shopping, live video, and translation.
Enterprises and startups across a broad range of industries use our accelerated computing platforms to build new generative AI-enabled products and services, or to dramatically accelerate and reduce the growing numbercosts of gamers,their workloads and workflows. The enterprise software industry uses them for new AI assistants and chatbots; the markettransportation industry for gaming GPUs is expanding as a resultautonomous driving; the healthcare industry for accelerated and computer-aided drug discovery; and the financial services industry for customer support and fraud detection.
Researchers and developers use our GPUscomputing solutions to accelerate a wide range of important applications, from simulating molecular dynamics to weatherclimate forecasting. With support for more than over 6003,500 applications, - including the top 15 HPC applications - NVIDIA GPUs enablecomputing enables some of the most promising areas of discovery, from weatherclimate prediction to materials science and from wind tunnel simulation to genomics. NVIDIA GPUs power the top supercomputers in the United States and Europe. Including GPUs and networking, NVIDIA powers nearly 70%, and 8over 75% of the top 10, supercomputers on the global TOP500 list, including 24 of the top 30 systems on the Green500 list.
The world’s leading cloud service providers and consumer internet companies use ourGamers choose NVIDIA GPUs to enable, accelerate or enrichenjoy immersive, increasingly cinematic virtual worlds. In addition to serving the services they deliver to billions of end-users, including search, social networking, online shopping, live video, translation, AI assistants, navigation, and cloud computing.
A rapidly growing number of enterprisesgamers, the market for PC GPUs is expanding because of the burgeoning population of live streamers, broadcasters, artists, and startups acrosscreators. With the advent of generative AI, we expect a broad rangebroader set of industriesPC users to choose NVIDIA GPUs for running generative AI applications locally on their PC, which is critical for privacy, latency, and cost-sensitive AI applications.
Professional artists, architects and designers use NVIDIA partner products accelerated with our GPUs and AI software to bring automation to the productsplatform for a range of creative and services they build. For example, the transportation industry is turning to our platforms for AV; the healthcare industry is leveraging them for enhanced medical imaging and accelerated drug discovery; and the financial services industry is using them for fraud detection.
Professional designersdesign use our GPUs to createcases, such as creating visual effects in movies or designing buildings and design products ranging from soft drink bottles to commercial aircraft.
products. In addition, generative AI is expanding the market for our workstation-class GPUs, as more enterprise customers develop and deploy AI applications with their data on-premises. Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, NVIDIA was incorporated in California in April 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1998.
Pending Acquisition of Arm Limited
On September 13, 2020, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Arm Limited, or Arm, and SoftBank Group Capital Limited and SVF Holdco (UK) Limited, or together, SoftBank, for us to acquire, from SoftBank, all allotted and issued ordinary shares of Arm in a transaction valued at $40 billion. The announced acquisition is expected to bring together NVIDIA's leading AI computing platform with Arm's vast ecosystem to create the premier computing company for the age of artificial intelligence, accelerating innovation while expanding into large, high-growth markets. We paid $2 billion in cash at signing, or the Signing Consideration, and will pay upon closing of the acquisition $10 billion in cash and issue to SoftBank 44.3 million shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $21.5 billion. The transaction includes a potential earn out, which is contingent on the achievement of certain financial performance targets by Arm during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022. If the financial targets are achieved, SoftBank can elect to receive either up to an additional $5 billion in cash or up to an additional 10.3 million shares of our common stock. We will issue up to $1.5 billion in restricted stock units to Arm employees after closing. The $2 billion paid upon signing was allocated between advanced consideration for the acquisition of $1.36 billion and the prepayment of intellectual property licenses from Arm of $0.17 billion and royalties of $0.47 billion, both with a 20-year term. The closing of the acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of specified governmental and regulatory consents and approvals and expiration of any related mandatory waiting period, and Arm's implementation of the reorganization and distribution of Arm’s IoT Services Group and certain other assets and liabilities. We are engaged with regulators in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, China and other jurisdictions. If the Purchase Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, we will be refunded $1.25 billion of the Signing Consideration. The $2 billion payment upon signing was allocated on a fair value basis and any refund of the Signing Consideration will use stated values in the Purchase Agreement. We believe the closing of the acquisition will likely occur in the first quarter of calendar year 2022.
Our Businesses
We report our business results in two segments.
OurThe Compute & Networking segment is comprised of our Data Center accelerated computing platforms and end-to-end networking platforms including Quantum for InfiniBand and Spectrum for Ethernet; our NVIDIA DRIVE automated-driving platform and automotive development agreements; Jetson robotics and other embedded platforms; NVIDIA AI Enterprise and other software; and DGX Cloud software and services.
The Graphics segment includes GeForce GPUs for gaming and PCs, the GeForce NOW game streaming service and related infrastructure, and solutions for gaming platforms;infrastructure; Quadro/NVIDIA RTX GPUs for enterprise workstation graphics; virtual GPU, or vGPU, software for cloud-based visual and virtual computing; and automotive platforms for infotainment systems.
Our Compute & Networking segment includes Data Center platformssystems; and systemsOmniverse Enterprise software for AI, HPC,building and accelerated computing; Mellanox networkingoperating metaverse and interconnect solutions; automotive AI Cockpit, autonomous driving development agreements, and autonomous vehicle solutions; and Jetson for robotics and other embedded platforms.3D internet applications.
Our Markets
We specialize in markets in whichwhere our computing platforms can provide tremendous acceleration for applications. These platforms incorporate processors, interconnects, software, algorithms, systems, and services to deliver value that is unique in the marketplace.value. Our platforms address four large markets where our expertise is critical: Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization, Data Center, and Automotive.
Data Center
The NVIDIA Data Center platform is focused on accelerating the most compute-intensive workloads, such as AI, data analytics, graphics and scientific computing, delivering significantly better performance and power efficiency relative to conventional CPU-only approaches. It is deployed in cloud, hyperscale, on-premises and edge data centers. The platform consists of compute and networking offerings typically delivered to customers as systems, subsystems, or modules, along with software and services.
Our compute offerings include supercomputing platforms and servers, bringing together our energy efficient GPUs, DPUs, interconnects, and fully optimized AI and high-performance computing, or HPC, software stacks. In addition, they include NVIDIA AI Enterprise software; our DGX Cloud service; and a growing body of acceleration libraries, APIs, SDKs, and domain-specific application frameworks.
Our networking offerings include end-to-end platforms for InfiniBand and Ethernet, consisting of network adapters, cables, DPUs, and switch systems, as well as a full software stack. This has enabled us to architect data center-scale computing platforms that can interconnect thousands of compute nodes with high-performance networking. While historically the server was the unit of computing, as AI and HPC workloads have become extremely large spanning thousands of compute nodes, the data center has become the new unit of computing, with networking as an integral part.
Our end customers include the world’s leading public cloud and consumer internet companies, thousands of enterprises and startups, and public sector entities. We work with industry leaders to help build or transform their applications and data center infrastructure. Our direct customers include original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, original device manufacturers, or ODMs, system integrators and distributors which we partner with to help bring our products to market. We also have partnerships in automotive, healthcare, financial services, manufacturing, and retail among others, to accelerate the adoption of AI.
At the foundation of the NVIDIA accelerated computing platform are our GPUs, which excel at parallel workloads such as the training and inferencing of neural networks. They are available in the NVIDIA accelerated computing platform and in industry standard servers from every major cloud provider and server maker. Beyond GPUs, our data center platform expanded to include DPUs in fiscal year 2022 and CPUs in fiscal year 2024. We can optimize across the entire computing, networking and storage stack to deliver data center-scale computing solutions.
While our approach starts with powerful chips, what makes it a full-stack computing platform is our large body of software, including the CUDA parallel programming model, the CUDA-X collection of acceleration libraries, APIs, SDKs, and domain-specific application frameworks.
In addition to software delivered to customers as an integral part of our data center computing platform, we offer paid licenses to NVIDIA AI Enterprise, a comprehensive suite of enterprise-grade AI software and NVIDIA vGPU software for graphics-rich virtual desktops and workstations.
In fiscal year 2024, we launched the NVIDIA DGX Cloud, an AI-training-as-a-service platform which includes cloud-based infrastructure and software for AI, customizable pretrained AI models, and access to NVIDIA experts. We have partnered with leading cloud service providers to host this service in their data centers.
Gaming
Computer gamingGaming is the largest entertainment industry.industry, with PC gaming as the predominant platform. Many factors propel computer gaming’sits growth, including new high production value games and franchises, the continued rise of competitive gaming, or eSports, social connectivity and the demand for more content fromincreasing popularity of game streamers, modders, or gamers who remaster games, and creators.
Our gaming platforms leverage our GPUs and sophisticated software to enhance the gaming experience with smoother, higher quality graphics. This includes GeForce Experience, our gaming application that optimizes the PC user’s settings for each application and enables gamers to record and share gameplay.
We developed NVIDIA RTX bringingto bring next generation graphics and AI to games. The NVIDIA RTX line-up features ray tracing technology for real-time, cinematic-quality rendering. Ray tracing, which has long been used for special effects in the movie industry, is a computationally intensive technique that simulates the physical behavior of light to achieve greater realism in computer-generated scenes. NVIDIA RTX also features deep learning super sampling, or NVIDIA DLSS, our AI technology that boosts frame rates while generating beautiful, sharp images for games.
AI applications. With an installed base of over 100 million AI capable PCs, more than 500 RTX AI-enabled applications and games, and a robust suite of development tools, RTX is already the AI PC leader. Our products for the gaming market include GeForce RTX and GeForce GTX GPUs for PC gaming SHIELD devices for gamingdesktop and streaming,laptop PCs, GeForce NOW cloud gaming for cloud-based gaming,playing PC games on underpowered devices, as well as platformsSoCs and development services for specialized console gaming devices.game consoles.
Professional Visualization
We serve the Professional Visualization market by working closely with independent software vendors, or ISVs, to optimize their offerings for NVIDIA GPUs. Our GPU computing solutions enhanceplatform enhances productivity and introduceintroduces new capabilities for critical parts of the workflow for such major industries as automotive, media and entertainment, architectural engineering, oil and gas, and medical imaging.
Designers who build the products we use every day need the images that they view digitally to mirror reality. This requires simulating the physical behavior of light and materials, or physically-based rendering. Our DesignWorks software delivers this to designers and enables an architect designing a building with a computer-aided design package to interact with the model in real time, view it in greater detail, and generate photorealistic renderings for the client. It also allows an automotive designer to create a highly realistic 3D image of a car, which can be viewed from all angles, reducing reliance on costly, time-consuming full-scale clay models.
Our Professional Visualization platforms are critical enablersworkflows in many fields, such as design and manufacturing and digital content creation. Design and manufacturing encompass computer-aided design, architectural design, consumer-products manufacturing, medical instrumentation, and aerospace. Digital content creation includes professional video editing and post-production, special effects for films, and broadcast-television graphics.
The NVIDIA RTX platform makes it possible to render film-quality, photorealistic objects and environments with physically accurate shadows, reflections and refractions using ray tracing in real-time. Many leading 3D design and content creation applications developed by our ecosystem partners now support RTX, allowing professionals to accelerate and transform their workflows with NVIDIA RTX GPUs.GPUs and software.
JustWe offer NVIDIA Omniverse as VR is becoming more important in gaming, it is also being incorporated in a growing numberdevelopment platform and operating system for building virtual world simulation applications, available as a software subscription for enterprise use and free for individual use. Industrial enterprises are adopting Omniverse’s 3D and simulation technologies to digitalize their complex physical assets, processes, and environments – building digital twins of enterprise applications. Virtual car showrooms, surgical training, architectural walkthroughs,factories, real time 3D product configurators, testing and bringing historical scenes to life all deploy this technology,validating autonomous robots and vehicles, powered by our GPUs.
Data Center
The NVIDIA computing platform is focused on accelerating the most compute-intensive workloads, such as AI, data analytics, graphics and scientific computing, across hyperscale, cloud, enterprise, public sector, and edge data centers. The platform consists of our energy efficient GPUs, interconnects and systems, our CUDA programming model, and a growing body of software libraries, Software Development Kits, or SDKs, application frameworks and services.
In the field of AI, NVIDIA’s platform accelerates both deep learning and machine learning workloads. Deep learning is a computer science approach where neural networks are trained to recognize patterns from massive amounts of data in the form of images, sounds and text - in some instances better than humans. Machine learning is a related approach that leverages algorithms as well as data to learn how to make determinations or predictions, often used in data science. HPC, also referred to as scientific computing, uses numerical computational approaches to solve large and complex problems. For both AI and HPC applications, the NVIDIA accelerated computing platform greatly increasesinfrastructure on-premises and in the performance and power efficiency of high-performance computers and data centers.
We are engaged with thousands of organizations working on AI in a multitude of industries, from automating tasks such as reading medical images, to enabling fraud detection in financial services, to optimizing oil exploration and drilling. These organizations include the world’s leading consumer internet and cloud services companies, which are using AI for critical tasks such as natural language processing and recommendation systems; enterprises that are increasingly turning to AI to improve products and services; and startups seeking to implement AI in transformative ways across multiple industries. We partnered with industry leaders such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and VMware to bring AI to enterprise users. We also have partnerships in transportation, retail, healthcare and manufacturing, among others, to accelerate the adoption of AI.
At the foundation of the NVIDIA accelerated computing platform are our GPUs, which excel at parallel workloads such as the training and inferencing of neural networks. They are available in industry standard servers from every major computer maker worldwide, including Cisco, Dell, HP, Inspur, and Lenovo; from every major cloud service provider such as Alicloud, Amazon Web Services, Baidu Cloud, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Oracle Cloud; as well as in our DGX AI supercomputer, a purpose-built system for deep learning and GPU accelerated applications. To facilitate customer adoption, we have also built other ready-to-use systems and reference designs around our GPUs, including
HGX for hyperscale and supercomputing data centers, EGX for enterprise and edge computing, and AGX for autonomous machines.
In fiscal year 2021, we completed the acquisition of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd., or Mellanox, a supplier of high-performance interconnect and networking products that are now part of our Data Center market platform. Mellanox interconnects are included in our DGX, HGX and EGX platforms and continue to be available on a standalone basis. With Mellanox, we can optimize across the entire computing, networking, and storage stack to deliver data center-scale computing solutions. For example, we announced a new class of processor – the data processing unit, or DPU – supported by a novel data-center-infrastructure-on-a-chip architecture, or DOCA, that enables breakthrough networking, storage and security performance.
While our approach starts with powerful chips, what makes it a computing platform is our large body of software, including the CUDA parallel programming model, the CUDA-X collection of application acceleration libraries, Application Programming Interfaces, or APIs, SDKs and tools, and domain-specific application frameworks. We also offer the NVIDIA GPU Cloud registry, or NGC, a comprehensive catalog of easy-to-use, optimized software stacks across a range of domains including scientific computing, deep learning, and machine learning. With NGC, AI developers, researchers and data scientists can get started with the development of AI and HPC applications and deploy them on DGX systems, NGC-ready workstations or servers from our systems partners, or with NVIDIA’s cloud partners such as Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, or Oracle Cloud.
We also serve the data center market with NVIDIA virtual GPU (vGPU) software products that enable powerful GPU performance for workloads ranging from graphics-rich virtual desktops and workstations to data science and AI. Installed on a physical GPU in a cloud or enterprise data center server, NVIDIA vGPU software creates virtual GPUs that can be shared across multiple virtual machines accessed on any device, anywhere. With companies supporting more offsite workers than ever before, NVIDIA vGPU software products are enabling remote access to professional graphics and accelerated computing for data scientists, researchers, designers, engineers, and creative professionals across industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, architecture, and media and entertainment.cloud.
Automotive
NVIDIA’s Automotive market is comprised of platform solutions for automated driving and in-vehicle cockpit infotainment solutions, AV platforms, and associated development agreements.computing. Leveraging our technology leadership in AI and building on our long-standing automotive relationships, we are delivering a complete end-to-end solution for the AV market under the DRIVE Hyperion brand. NVIDIA hasWe have demonstrated multiple applications of AI within the car: AI can drive the car itself as a pilot in fully autonomous mode or it can also be a co-pilot, assisting the human driver while creating a safer driving experience.
We are working with several hundred partners in the automotive ecosystem including automakers, truck makers, tier-one suppliers, sensor manufacturers, automotive research institutions, HD mapping companies, and startups to develop and deploy AI systems for self-driving vehicles. Our unified AI computing architecture starts with training deep neural networks using our GPUs,Data Center computing solutions, and then running a full perception, fusion, planning, and control stack within the vehicle on the NVIDIA DRIVE computingHyperion platform. The in-vehicle platformDRIVE Hyperion consists of the high-performance, energy efficient DRIVE AGX computing hardware, anda reference sensor set that supports full self-driving capability as well as an open, modular DRIVE software including DRIVE AVplatform for autonomous driving, mapping, and DRIVE IX forparking services, and intelligent in-vehicle intelligent experience and AI assistants.
NVIDIA DRIVE can perceive and understand in real-time what is happening around the vehicle, precisely locate itself on an HD map, and plan a safe path forward. This advanced self-driving car platform combines deep learning, sensor fusion, and surround vision to change the driving experience. Our DRIVE platform scales from a palm-sized, energy-efficient module for automated highway-driving capabilities to a configuration with multiple systems aimed at enabling driverless cars. Our Xavier system-on-a-chip, or SoC, which started shipping in 2018, enables vehicles to use deep neural networks to process data from multiple cameras and sensors. It powers the DRIVE AutoPilot, NVIDIA’s Level 2+ automated driving solution, combining the DRIVE AV self-driving solution with the DRIVE IX cockpit software, including a visualization system for allowing the driver to see what the car sees and plans to do. In fiscal year 2020, we announced our next-generation SoC, Orin.experiences.
In addition, we offer a scalable data center-based simulation solution, NVIDIA DRIVE Constellation running DRIVE Sim, based on NVIDIA Omniverse software, for digital cockpit development, as well as for testing and validating a self-driving platform before commercial deployment. NVIDIA'splatform. Our unique end-to-end, software-defined approach is designed for continuous innovation and continuous development, enabling cars to receive over-the-air updates to add new features and capabilities throughout the life of a vehicle.
Business Strategies
NVIDIA’s key strategies that shape our overall business approach include:
Advancing the NVIDIA accelerated computing platform. NVIDIA’sOur accelerated computing platform can solve complex problems in significantly less time and with lower power consumption than alternative computational approaches. Indeed, it can help solve problems that were previously deemed unsolvable. We work to deliver continued performance leaps that outpace Moore’s Law by leveraging innovation across the architecture, chip design, system, interconnect, and software layers. With our acquisition of Mellanox in fiscal year 2021, we strengthened our end-to-end expertise in data center architectures, positioning us for a future when the data center is the new unit of computing. This full-stack innovation approach allows us to deliver order-of-magnitude performance advantages relative to legacy approaches in our target markets, which include Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization, Data Center, and Automotive. While the computing requirements of these end markets are diverse, we address them with a unified underlying architecture leveraging our GPUs, CUDA and CUDAnetworking technologies as the fundamental building blocks. The programmable nature of our architecture allows us to make leveraged investments in R&D:research and development: we can support several multi-billion-dollar end markets with the sameshared underlying technology by using a variety of software stacks developed either internally or by third partythird-party developers and partners. We utilize this platform approach in each of our target markets.
Extending our technology and platform leadership in AI. We provide a complete, end-to-end accelerated computing platform for deep learning and machine learning,AI, addressing both training and inferencing. This includes GPUs,full-stack data center-scale compute and networking solutions across processing units, interconnects, systems, our CUDA programming language, algorithms, libraries, and other software. Our compute solutions include all three major processing units in AI servers – GPUs, CPUs, and DPUs. GPUs are uniquely suited to AI, and we will continue to add AI-specific features to our GPU architecture to further extend our leadership position. In addition, we offer DGX Cloud, an AI-training-as-a-service platform, and NeMo – a complete solution for building enterprise-ready Large Language Models, or LLMs, using open source and proprietary LLMs created by NVIDIA and third parties. Our AI technology leadership is reinforced by our large and expanding ecosystem in a virtuous cycle. Our GPUcomputing platforms are available from virtually every major server maker and cloud service provider,CSP, as well as on our own AI supercomputer.supercomputers. There are over 2.24.7 million developers worldwide using CUDA and our other software tools to help deploy our technology in our target markets. We evangelize AI through partnerships with hundreds of universities and more than 7,000thousands of startups through our Inception program. Additionally, our Deep Learning Institute provides instruction on the latest techniques on how to design, train, and deploy neural networks in applications using our accelerated computing platform.
Extending our technology and platform leadership in visual computing.computer graphics. We believe that visual computingcomputer graphics infused with AI is fundamental to the continued expansion and evolution of computing. We apply our research and development resources to extending our leadership in visual computing, enabling us to enhance the user experience for consumer entertainment and professional visualization applications.applications and create new virtual world and simulation capabilities. Our technologies are instrumental in driving the gaming, design, and creative industries forward, as developers leverage our libraries and algorithms to create near-cinematic and VR experiences. Our close collaboration with game developers allows us to deliver an optimized gaming experience on our GeForce platform.and NVIDIA RTX platforms. Our computer graphics platforms leverage AI end-to-end, from the developer tools and cloud services to the Tensor Cores included in all RTX-class GPUs. For example, NVIDIA Avatar Cloud Engine, or ACE, is a suite of technologies that help developers bring digital avatars to life with generative AI, running in the cloud or locally on the PC. GeForce Experience gaming application further enhances each gamer’s experience by optimizing their PC’s settings, as well as enabling the recording and sharing of gameplay. Our Studio drivers enhance and accelerate a number of popular creative applications. Omniverse is real-time 3D design collaboration and virtual world simulation software that empowers artists, designers, and creators to connect and collaborate in leading design applications. We also enable interactive graphics applications - such as games, movie and photo editing and design software - to be accessed by almost any device, almost anywhere, through our cloud platforms such as GRIDvGPU for enterprise and GeForce NOW for gaming.
Advancing the leading autonomous vehicle platform.We believe the advent of autonomous vehicles, or AV, will soon revolutionizeand electric vehicles, or EV, is revolutionizing the transportation industry. In our view, AI is the key technology enabler of this opportunity, as theThe algorithms required for autonomous driving - such as perception, localization, and planning - are too complex for legacy hand-coded approaches and will run onuse multiple trained neural networks instead. In addition, EV makers are looking for next-generation centralized car computers that integrate a wide range of intelligent functions into a single AI compute platform. Therefore, we provide a full functionally safean AI-based hardware and software solution, designed and implemented from the ground up based on automotive safety standards, for the AV and EV market under the DRIVE brand, which we are bringing to market through our partnerships with automotive original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs,
tier-1 suppliers, and start-ups. Our AV solution also includes the GPU-based hardware required to train the neural networks before their in-vehicle deployment, as well as to re-simulate their operation prior to any over-the-air software updates. We believe our comprehensive, top-to-bottom and end-to-end approach will enable the transportation industry to solve the complex problems arising from the shift to autonomous driving.
Leveraging our intellectual property.property, or IP. We believe our intellectual propertyIP is a valuable asset that can be accessed by our customers and partners through license and development agreements when they desire to build such capabilities directly into their own products or have us do so through a custom development. Such license and development arrangements can further enhance the reach of our technology.
Sales and Marketing
Our worldwide sales and marketing strategy is key to achieving our objective of providing markets with our high-performance and efficient computing platforms.platforms and software. Our sales and marketing teams, located across our global markets, work closely with end customers and various industry ecosystems through our partner network. Our partner network
incorporates each industry's respectiveglobal, regional and specialized CSPs, OEMs, original device manufacturers, or ODMs, system builders,integrators, independent software vendors, or ISVs, add-in board manufacturers, or AIBs, retailers/distributors, internet and cloud service providers, automotive manufacturers and tier-1 automotive suppliers, mapping companies, start-ups, and other ecosystem participants.
Members of our sales team have technical expertise and product and industry knowledge. We also employ a team of application engineers and solution architects to assistprovide pre-sales assistance to our partner network in designing, testing, and qualifying system designs that incorporate our platforms. For example, our solution architects work with CSPs to provide pre-sales assistance to optimize their hardware and software infrastructure for generative AI and LLM training and deployment. They also work with foundation model and enterprise software developers to optimize the training and fine-tuning of their models and services, and with enterprise end-users, often in collaboration with their global system integrator of choice, to fine-tune models and build AI applications. We believe that the depth and quality of our design support are key to improving our partner network’s time-to-market, maintaining a high level of customer satisfaction, and fostering relationships that encourage our end customers and partner network to use the next generation of our products within each platform.
To encourage the development of applications optimized for our platforms and software, we seek to establish and maintain strong relationships in the software development community. Engineering and marketing personnel engage with key software developers to promote and discuss our platforms, as well as to ascertain individual product requirements and solve technical problems. Our developer program makes our products available to developers prior to launch in order to encouragesupports the development of AI frameworks, SDKs, and APIs for software applications and game titles that are optimized for our platforms. Our Deep Learning Institute provides in-person and online training for developers in industries and organizations around the world to build AI and accelerated computing applications that leverage our platforms.
As NVIDIA’s business has evolved from a focus primarily on gaming products to broader markets, and from chips to platforms and complete systems, so, too, have our avenues to market. Thus, in addition to sales to customers in our partner network, certain of our platforms are also sold through e-tail channels, or direct to cloud service providers and enterprise customers.
Seasonality
Our computing platforms serve a diverse set of markets such as enterprise and cloud data centers, consumer gaming, professional workstations,visualization, and automotive. Our consumerdesktop gaming products typically see stronger revenue in the second half of our fiscal year. In addition, based on the production schedules of key customers, some of our products for notebooks and game consoles typically generate stronger revenue in the second and third quarters, and weaker revenue in the fourth and first quarters. However, there can be no assurance that this trend will continue.Historical seasonality trends may not repeat.
Manufacturing
We do not directly manufacture semiconductors used for our products. Instead, we utilize a fabless and contracting manufacturing strategy, whereby we employ world-classand partner with key suppliers for all phases of the manufacturing process, including wafer fabrication, assembly, testing, and packaging. This strategy usesWe use the expertise of industry-leading suppliers that are certified by the International Organization for Standardization in such areas as fabrication, assembly, quality control and assurance, reliability, and testing. Additionally, we can avoid many of the significant costs and risks associated with owning and operating manufacturing operations. While we may directly procure certain raw materials used in the production of our products, such as memory, substrates, and a variety of components, our suppliers are responsible for procurement of most of the raw materials used in the production of our products. As a result, we can focus our resources on product design, additional quality assurance, marketing, and customer support. In periods of growth, we may place non-cancellable inventory orders for certain product components in advance of our historical lead times, pay premiums, or provide deposits to secure future supply and capacity and may need to continue to do so.
We have expanded our supplier relationships to build redundancy and resilience in our operations to provide long-term manufacturing capacity aligned with growing customer demand. Our supply chain is concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. We utilize industry-leading suppliers,foundries, such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited, or TSMC, and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd,, Ltd., or Samsung, to produce our semiconductor wafers. We thenpurchase memory from Micron Technology, Inc., SK Hynix Inc., and Samsung. We utilize CoWoS technology for semiconductor packaging. We engage with independent subcontractors and contract manufacturers such as Amkor Technology, BYD Auto Co. Ltd., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., King Yuan Electronics Co., Ltd., Omni Logistics, LLCWistron Corporation, and Siliconware Precision Industries Company Ltd.Fabrinet to perform assembly, testing and packaging of most of our products and platforms. We use contract manufacturers such as Flex Ltd. to manufacture our standard and custom adapter card products and switch systems, and Fabrinet to manufacture our cables. We purchase substrates from Ibiden Co. Ltd., Kinsus Interconnect Technology Corporation, and Unimicron Technology Corporation, and memory from Micron Technology, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., and SK Hynix.
We typically receive semiconductor products from our subcontractors, perform incoming quality assurance and configuration, and then ship the semiconductors to contract equipment manufacturers, or CEMs, distributors, motherboard and add-in card, or AIC, customers from our third-party warehouse in Hong Kong, Israel, and the United States. Generally, these manufacturers assemble and test the boards based on our design kit and test specifications, and then ship our products to retailers, system builders, or OEMs as motherboard and AIC solutions.
We also utilize industry-leading contract manufacturers, or CMs, such as Flex Ltd. and Fabrinet, and ODMs such as Wistron Corporation, to manufacture some of our products for sale directly to end customers. In those cases, keyfinal products.
elements such as the GPU, SoC, memory, and integrated circuit are often consigned by us to the CMs, who are responsible for the procurement of other components used in the production process.
Competition
The market for our products is intensely competitive and is characterized by rapid technological change and evolving industry standards. We believe that the principal competitive factors in this market are performance, breadth of product offerings, access to customers and partners and distribution channels, software support, conformity to industry standard APIs, manufacturing capabilities, processor pricing, and total system costs. We believe that our ability to remain competitive will depend on how well we are able to anticipate the features and functions that customers and partners will demand and whether we are able to deliver consistent volumes of our products at acceptable levels of quality and at competitive prices. We expect competition to increase from both existing competitors and new market entrants with products that may be lower priced than ours or may provide better performance or additional features not provided by our products. In addition, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and acquire significant market share.
A significant source of competition comes from companies that provide or intend to provide GPUs, including Intel’s recent announcement that they will introduce high performance GPUs,CPUs, DPUs, embedded SOCs,SoCs, and other accelerated, AI computing processor products, and providers of semiconductor-based high-performance interconnect products based on InfiniBand, Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and proprietary technologies. Some of our competitors may have greater marketing, financial, distribution and manufacturing resources than we do and may be more able to adapt to customercustomers or technological changes. We expect an increasingly competitive environment in our fiscal year 2022.the future.
Our current competitors include:
•suppliers and licensors designingof hardware and software for discrete and integrated GPUs, custom chips and other accelerated computing solutions, including chipsets that incorporate 3D graphics, or HPC,solutions offered for AI, such as Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., or AMD, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., or Huawei, and Intel Corporation, and Xilinx, Inc.;or Intel;
•large internetcloud services companies with internal teams designing chipshardware and software that incorporates HPCincorporate accelerated or acceleratedAI computing functionality as part of their internal solutions or platforms, such as Alibaba Group, Alphabet Inc., Amazon, Inc., or Amazon, Baidu, Inc., Huawei, and Amazon, Inc.;Microsoft Corporation, or Microsoft;
•suppliers of Arm-based CPUs and companies that incorporate hardware and software for CPUs as part of their internal solutions or platforms, such as Amazon, Huawei, and Microsoft;
•suppliers of hardware and software for SoC products that are used in servers or embedded into automobiles, autonomous machines, and gaming devices, such as Ambarella, Inc., AMD, Broadcom Inc., or Broadcom, Intel, Qualcomm Incorporated, Renesas Electronics Corporation, Samsung, and XilinxSamsung, or companies with internal teams designing SoC products for internal use,their own products and services, such as Tesla, Motors;Inc.; and
•suppliersnetworking products consisting of interconnect, switchswitches, network adapters (including DPUs), and cable solutions (including optical modules) include such as Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.,AMD, Arista Networks, Broadcom, Cisco Systems, Inc., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company, Huawei, Intel, Juniper Networks, Inc., Lumentum Holdings, and Marvell Technology Group and Xilinx, as well as internal teams of system vendors and large internetcloud services companies such as Alphabet and Amazon.companies.
Patents and Proprietary Rights
We rely primarily on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual propertyIP in the United States and internationally. Our currently issued patents have expiration dates from March 2021February 2024 to June 2045.August 2043. We have numerous patents issued, allowed, and pending in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. Our patents and pending patent applications primarily relate to our products and the technology used in connection with our products. We also rely on international treaties, organizations, and foreign laws to protect our intellectual property.IP. The laws of certain foreign countries in which our products are or may be manufactured or sold, including various countries in Asia, may not protect our products or intellectual propertyIP rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. This decreased protection makes the possibility of piracy of our technology and products more likely. We continuously assess whether and where to seek formal protection for particular innovations and technologies based on such factors as:
•the location in which our products are manufactured;
•our strategic technology or product directions in different countries;
•the degree to which intellectual propertyIP laws exist and are meaningfully enforced in different jurisdictions; and
•the commercial significance of our operations and our competitors' operations in particular countries and regions.
We have also licensed technology from third parties and expect to continue to enter intoentering such license agreements.
Government Regulations
Our worldwide business activities are subject to various laws, rules, and regulations of the United States as well as of foreign governments.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, the U.S. government, or the USG, announced licensing requirements that, with certain exceptions, impact exports to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) and Russia of our A100 and H100 integrated circuits, DGX or any other systems or boards which incorporate A100 or H100 integrated circuits.
In July 2023, the USG informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in the Middle East.
In October 2023, the USG announced new and updated licensing requirements that became effective in our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 for exports to China and Country Groups D1, D4, and D5 (including but not limited to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, but excluding Israel) of our products exceeding certain performance thresholds, including A100, A800, H100, H800, L4, L40, L40S and RTX 4090. The licensing requirements also apply to the export of products exceeding certain performance thresholds to a party headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D5, including China. On October 23, 2023, the USG informed us the licensing requirements were effective immediately for shipments of our A100, A800, H100, H800, and L40S products.
Our competitive position has been harmed, and our competitive position and future results may be further harmed in the long term, if there are further changes in the USG’s export controls. Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements, effectively excluding us from all or part of the China market, as well as other impacted markets, including the Middle East.
While we work to enhance the resiliency and redundancy of our supply chain, which is currently concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, new and existing export controls or changes to existing export controls could limit alternative manufacturing locations and negatively impact our business. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal, Our Stock and Other Matters” for a discussion of this potential impact.
Compliance with these laws, rules, and regulations has not otherwise had a material effect upon our capital expenditures, results of operations, or competitive position and we do not currently anticipate material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities. Nevertheless, complianceCompliance with existing or future governmental regulations, including, but not limited to, those pertaining to global trade,IP ownership and infringement, taxes, import and export requirements and tariffs, anti-corruption, business acquisitions, consumerforeign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, data protection, employeeprivacy requirements, competition and antitrust, advertising, employment, product regulations, cybersecurity, environmental, health and safety requirements, the responsible use of AI, climate change, cryptocurrency, and taxes,consumer laws, could increase our costs, impact our competitive position, and otherwise may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations in subsequent periods. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of these potential impacts.
Sustainability and Governance
NVIDIA invents computing technologies that improve lives and address global challenges. Our goal is to integrate sound environmental, social, and corporate governance principles and practices into every aspect of the Company. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing and discussing with management our practices related to sustainability and corporate governance. We assess our programs annually in consideration of stakeholder expectations, market trends, and business risks and opportunities. These issues are important for our continued business success and reflect the topics of highest concern to NVIDIA and our stakeholders.
The following section and the Human Capital Management Section below provide an overview of our principles and practices. More information can be found on our website and in our annual Sustainability Report. Information contained on our website or in our annual Sustainability Report is not incorporated by reference into this or any other report we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of risks and uncertainties we face related to sustainability.
Climate Change
In the area of environmental sustainability, we address our climate impacts across our product lifecycle and assess risks, including current and emerging regulations and market impacts.
In May 2023, we published metrics related to our environmental impact for fiscal year 2023. Fiscal year 2024 metrics are expected to be published in the first half of fiscal year 2025. There has been no material impact to our capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive position associated with global environmental sustainability regulations, compliance, or costs from sourcing renewable energy. By the end of fiscal year 2025, our goal is to purchase
or generate enough renewable energy to match 100% of our global electricity usage for our offices and data centers. In fiscal year 2023, we increased the percentage of our total electricity use matched by renewable energy purchases to 44%. By fiscal year 2026, we aim to engage manufacturing suppliers comprising at least 67% of NVIDIA’s scope 3 category 1 GHG emissions with goal of effecting supplier adoption of science-based targets.
Whether it is creation of technology to power next-generation laptops or designs to support high-performance supercomputers, improving energy efficiency is important in our research, development, and design processes. GPU-accelerated computing is inherently more energy efficient than traditional computing for many workloads because it is optimized for throughput, performance per watt, and certain AI workloads. The energy efficiency of our products is evidenced by our continued strong presence on the Green500 list of the most energy-efficient systems. We powered 24 of the top 30 most energy efficient systems, including the top supercomputer, on the Green500 list.
We plan to build Earth-2, a digital twin of the Earth on NVIDIA AI and NVIDIA Omniverse platforms. Earth-2 will enable scientists, companies, and policy makers to do ultra-high-resolution predictions of the impact of climate change and explore mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Human Capital Management
We believe that our employees are our greatest assets, and they play a key role in creating long-term value for our stakeholders. As of January 31, 2021,the end of fiscal year 2024, we had 18,975approximately 29,600 employees in 29 countries. 13,53236 countries, 22,200 were engaged in research and development and 5,4437,400 were engaged in sales, marketing, operations, and administrative positions. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors assists in the oversight of policies and strategies relating to human capital management.
To be competitive and execute our business strategy successfully, we must recruit, develop, and retain talented employees, including qualified executives, scientists, engineers, and technical staff, and research and development personnel. The primary ways in which we seek to do this are summarized below, in addition to an overview of employee programs we implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.non-technical staff.
Recruitment
TheAs the demand for global technical talent continues to be competitive, we have grown our technical workforce and have been successful in new markets, such as AIattracting top talent to NVIDIA. We have attracted talent globally through our strong employer brand and deep learning,differentiated hiring strategies for college, professional, and leadership talent. Our workforce is increasingly competitive.83% technical and 49% hold advanced degrees. Additionally, we have increased focus on diversity recruiting, resulting in an increase in global female hiring in each channel. Our intern and new college graduate recruiting programs are a sustainable source of talent. We partner with higher education institutions globallyown employees help to develop our candidate pipelines, recruit at industry conferences, and encourage our employees to submit referrals,surface top talent, with over 36%40% of our new hires in fiscal year 2024 coming from internal recommendations. Collaborations with our community resource groups improve how we reach and attract minority candidates.employee referrals.
Development and Retention
To support employee advancement,development, we provide trainingopportunities to learn on-the-job through training courses, targeted development programs, mentoring and peer coaching feedback, and role modeling.ongoing feedback. We have a rich library of live and on-demand learning experiences such asthat include workshops, panel discussions, speaker-based forums, and internallyspeaker forums. We create learning paths focused technical conferences. We curate learning libraries aroundon our most common development needs provideand constantly upgrade our offerings to ensure that our employees are exposed to the latest technical platforms to support self-paced learning,most current content and regularly listen to learner feedback through internal messaging channels to improve and update those topics.technologies available. We offer tuition reimbursement programs andto subsidize advanced technical educationeducational programs and online technicaladvanced certifications. We implemented a career coaching service to provide one-on-one guidance to employees, and encourage internal mobility through career exposjob mobility. We have implemented specifically designed mentoring and coaching, as well as foster mentorship connectionsdevelopment programs for women and provide trained coaches as additional developmental support. Our strong partnerships with internal community resourceemployees from traditionally underrepresented groups allow us to personalize programs to address specific career development needs.ensure widespread readiness for future advancement.
To evaluate employee sentiment and engagement, we use several listening mechanisms such as pulse surveys, a suggestion box, and an anonymous third-party hotline.platform. Pulse surveys help us gain insight into employee experience and provides employee-generated ideas so that we can take targeted action. The suggestion box is an always-on, interactive tool where employees share their thoughts about making our company a better place to work. The anonymous third-party platform is designed to protect the identity of the reporter and provide a mechanism for reporters to follow an investigation and receive responses.
We want NVIDIA to be a place where people can build their careers over their lifetime. Our employees tend to come and stay. In fiscal year 2021,2024, our overall turnover rate was 3.8%2.7%.
Compensation, Benefits, and Well-Being
Our compensation program rewards performance and is structured to encourage employees to invest in the company’sCompany’s future. Employees receive equity, (exceptexcept where unavailable due to local regulations)regulations, that is tied to the value of our stock price and vests over time to retain employees while simultaneously aligning their interests with those of our stockholders.shareholders.
We offer comprehensive benefits to support our employees’ and their families’ physical health, well-being, includingand financial health. Programs include 401(k) programs in the U.S., statutory and supplemental pension programs outside the U.S., our employee stock purchase program, flexible work hours, and time off and programspolicies to address mental health, stress, and time-management challenges. We evaluate our benefit offerings globally and aim to provide comparable support across the regions where we operate. We are committed to providing tailored benefits based on communitythe needs including assistanceof our Community Resource Groups and continuing our support for military members, additional mental health benefits, and support forparents, both new birth parents and those who wish to become parents.
Diversity and Inclusion
Our support is enhanced during times of crisis, such as war or economic volatility, to take care of our existing team of world-class talent and their families.
Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging
We believe that diverse teams fuel innovation, and we are committed to creating an inclusive culture that supports all employees.
When recruiting for new talent or developing our current employees, regardless of gender, gender identity or expression, veteran status, race, ethnicity, or ability.
We have increased our effortswe strive to recruit, develop, and retainbuild a more diverse workforce with a focus ontalent pipeline that includes those historically underrepresented in the technology field, including women, Black,Black/African American, and HispanicHispanic/Latino candidates. In fiscal year 2021,
To this end, we created the role of Head of Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, along with hiring a global diversity recruiting leader, and a Head of Strategic Initiatives to build our developer ecosystem and ensure it represents the global population.
Efforts we are undertaking include:have been:
•ShepherdingPartnering with institutions and professional organizations serving historically underrepresented communities;
•Embedding dedicated recruiting teams to business areas to shepherd underrepresented candidates through the interviewinginterview process engaging employees from underrepresented communities for recruiting events and interview panels, and increased investment in minority-serving institutions and professional organizations.find internal opportunities;
•Developing an internal slateSupporting the development of diverse talent for all open management positions, beginning semi-annual talent review sessions with executives to identify internal, diverse talent, and forming sponsorship and career acceleration programs.women employees through programs aimed at building a pipeline of future leaders;
•Increasing inclusion communicationsProviding peer support and pulse surveysexecutive sponsors for our internal community resource groups;
•Providing training and education to measuremanagers and peers on fostering supportive environments and recruiting for diversity;
•Track equity and parity in retention, promotions, pay, and employee sentiment.engagement scores; and
•Measuring year over year progress and providing leadership visibility on diversity efforts.
As of January 31, 2021,the end of fiscal year 2024, our global workforce was 80%79% male, and 20% female, and 1% not declared, with 6% of our workforce in the United States was composed of Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino employees.
Safety and COVID-19Flexible Working Environment
We support our people and their families in making their health a top priority. We implemented global protocolsflexible work environment, understanding that many employees want the ability to slow the spread of COVID-19 and to keep our workforce safe by closing our offices around the world in March 2020 for all except essential workers. We also eliminated most business travel. We provided our employees with resources to work remotely and continued to pay all employees and contractors. For essential labs and offices that remain open, we instituted appropriate safety protocols and social distancing guidelines. Additionally, we provided resources for employees, including work from home support, enhanced health coverage, reimbursementunder certain conditions. This flexibility supports diverse hiring, retention, and employee engagement, which we believe makes NVIDIA a great place to work.
During fiscal year 2025, we will continue to have a flexible work environment and maintain our company wide 2-days off a quarter for certain work from home expenses,employees to rest and learning and development resources on how to lead and manage remotely.recharge.
Information About Our Executive Officers
The following sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers, their ages, and positions as of February 19, 2021:16, 2024:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Age | | Position |
| Jen-Hsun Huang | | 5860 | | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| Colette M. Kress | | 5356 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
| Ajay K. Puri | | 6669 | | Executive Vice President, Worldwide Field Operations |
| Debora Shoquist | | 6669 | | Executive Vice President, Operations |
| Timothy S. Teter | | 5457 | | Executive Vice President and General Counsel |
Jen-Hsun Huang co-founded NVIDIA in 1993 and has served as our President, Chief Executive Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors since our inception. From 1985 to 1993, Mr. Huang was employed at LSI Logic Corporation, a computer chip manufacturer, where he held a variety of positions including as Director of Coreware, the business unit responsible for LSI's SOC. From 1983 to 1985, Mr. Huang was a microprocessor designer for Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.,AMD, a semiconductor company. Mr. Huang holds a B.S.E.E. degree from Oregon State University and an M.S.E.E. degree from Stanford University.
Colette M. Kress joined NVIDIA in 2013 as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to NVIDIA, Ms. Kress most recently served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Business Technology and Operations Finance organization at Cisco Systems, Inc., a networking equipment company, since 2010. At Cisco, Ms. Kress was responsible for financial strategy, planning, reporting and business development for all business segments, engineering and operations. From 1997 to 2010 Ms. Kress held a variety of positions at Microsoft, Corporation, a software company, including, beginning in 2006, Chief Financial Officer of the Server and Tools division, where Ms. Kress was responsible for financial
strategy, planning, reporting and business development for the division. Prior to joining Microsoft, Ms. Kress spent eight years at Texas Instruments Incorporated, a semiconductor company, where she held a variety of finance positions. Ms. Kress holds a B.S. degree in Finance from University of Arizona and an M.B.A. degree from Southern Methodist University.
Ajay K. Puri joined NVIDIA in 2005 as Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales and became Executive Vice President, Worldwide Field Operations in 2009. Prior to NVIDIA, he held positions in sales, marketing, and general management over a 22-year career at Sun Microsystems, Inc., a computing systems company. Mr. Puri previously held marketing, management consulting, and product development positions at Hewlett-Packard, Company, an information technology company, Booz Allen Hamilton Inc., a management and technology consulting company, and Texas Instruments Incorporated. Mr. Puri holds a B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Minnesota, an M.S.E.E. degree from the California Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. degree from Harvard Business School.
Debora Shoquist joined NVIDIA in 2007 as Senior Vice President of Operations and in 2009 became Executive Vice President of Operations. Prior to NVIDIA, Ms. Shoquist served from 2004 to 2007 as Executive Vice President of Operations at JDS Uniphase Corp., a provider of communications test and measurement solutions and optical products for the telecommunications industry. She served from 2002 to 2004 as Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Electro-Optics business at Coherent, Inc., a manufacturer of commercial and scientific laser equipment. Previously, she worked at Quantum Corp., a data protection company, as President of the Personal Computer Hard Disk Drive Division, and at Hewlett-Packard Corp.Hewlett-Packard. Ms. Shoquist holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Kansas State University and a B.S. degree in Biology from Santa Clara University.
Timothy S. Teter joined NVIDIA in 2017 as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary and became Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in February 2018. Prior to NVIDIA, Mr. Teter spent more than two decades at the law firm of Cooley LLP. He was most recently a partner at Cooley,LLP, where he focused on litigating patent and technology related matters. Prior to attending law school, he worked as an engineer at Lockheed Missiles and Space Company.Company, an aerospace company. Mr. Teter holds a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Davis and a J.D. degree from Stanford Law School.
Available Information
Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available free of charge on or through our website, http://www.nvidia.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. The SEC’s website, http://www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our web site and the information on it or connected to it are not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEMItem 1A. RISK FACTORSRisk Factors
In evaluating NVIDIA and our business, theThe following risk factors should be considered in addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Before you buy our common stock, you should know that making such an investment involves risks including, but not limited to, the risks described below. Any one of theThe following risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or reputation, which could cause our stock price to decline, and you may lose all or a part of your investment.decline. Additional risks, trends and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or reputation.
Risk Factors Summary
Risks Related to Our Industry and Markets
If we fail•Failure to meet the evolving needs of our markets, or to identify new products, services or technologies,industry may adversely impact our revenuefinancial results.
•Competition could adversely impact our market share and financial results may be adversely impacted.results.
Our GPU-based visualRisks Related to Demand, Supply and accelerated computing platforms address four large markets: Gaming, Professional Visualization, Data Center,Manufacturing
•Failure to estimate customer demand accurately has led and Automotive. These markets often experience rapid technological change, changes in customer requirements, newcould lead to mismatches between supply and demand.
•Dependency on third-party suppliers and their technology to manufacture, assemble, test, or package our products reduces our control over product introductionsquantity and enhancements,quality, manufacturing yields, and evolving industry standards. Our success depends on our ability to identify emerging industry changesproduct delivery schedules and to develop new (or enhance our existing) products, services and technologies that meet the evolving needs of these markets. Such activities may require considerable technical, financial, compliance, sales and marketing investments. We devote significant resources to the development of technologies and business offerings in markets where we have a limited operating history, such as the automotive and data center markets, which presents additional risks tocould harm our business. For example, we must continue to accurately forecast demand, scale and optimize utilization
•Defects in our data center business,products have caused and developcould cause us to incur significant expenses to remediate and deliver next-generation autonomous driving solutionscould damage our business.
Risks Related to Our Global Operating Business
•Adverse economic conditions may harm our partners and customers or our business could be negatively impacted. We also must continue to scale our networking business following the Mellanox acquisition by leveraging our joint product capabilities and continuing to effectively integrate company processes. We must also continue to develop the infrastructure needed to scale our business in these areas, including customer service and support, e-commerce and intellectual property, or IP, licensing capabilities. If we do not continue to evolve our business, including by developingbusiness.
market specific technologies, managing the social•International sales and environmental impactoperations are a significant part of our productsbusiness, which exposes us to risks that could harm our business.
•Product, system security and technologies, expandingdata breaches and cyber-attacks could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition, stock price and reputation.
•Business disruptions could harm our operations and financial results.
•Climate change may have a long-term impact on our business.
•We may not be able to realize the ecosystem forpotential benefits of business investments or acquisitions, nor successfully integrate acquisition targets.
•A significant amount of our currentrevenue stems from a limited number of partners and future productsdistributors and technologies,we have a concentration of sales to end customers, and monetizingour revenue could be adversely affected if we lose or are prevented from selling to any of these end customers.
•We may be unable to attract, retain and expandingmotivate our executives and key employees.
•Modification or interruption of our business processes and information systems may disrupt our business, and internal controls.
•Our operating results have in various areas,the past fluctuated and may in the future fluctuate, and if our financialoperating results are below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could be negatively impacted. We also must meet customer safetydecline.
Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal, Our Stock and compliance standards, whichOther Matters
•We are subject to change, including those applicable to our automotive solutionscomplex laws, rules and systems. Additionally, we continue to make considerable investments in researchregulations, and development,political and other actions, which may not produce significant revenue for several years,adversely impact our business.
•Increased scrutiny from shareholders, regulators, and others regarding our corporate sustainability practices could result in financial, reputational, or operational harm and liability.
•Issues relating to the responsible use of our technologies, including AI, may result in reputational or financial harm and liability.
•Adequately protecting our IP rights could be costly, and our ability to compete could be harmed if at all. If our investmentswe are unsuccessful and we fail to develop new products, services and technologies, or if we focus on technologies that do not become widely adopted,are prohibited from making or selling our business, revenue, financial conditionproducts.
•We are subject to stringent and changing data privacy and security laws, rules, regulations, and other obligations. These areas could damage our reputation, deter customers, affect product design, or result in legal or regulatory proceedings and liability.
•Our operating results of operations couldmay be adversely affected. We cannot assure you thatimpacted by additional tax liabilities, higher than expected tax rates, changes in tax laws, and other tax-related factors.
•Our business is exposed to the risks associated with litigation, investigations, and regulatory proceedings.
•Our indebtedness could adversely affect our strategic direction will resultfinancial position and cash flows from operations and prevent us from implementing our strategy or fulfilling our contractual obligations.
•Delaware law, provisions in innovativeour governing documents and our agreement with Microsoft could delay or prevent a change in control.
Risk Factors
Risks Related to Our Industry and Markets
Failure to meet the evolving needs of our industry and markets may adversely impact our financial results.
Our accelerated computing platforms experience rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, competitive products, and industry standards.
Our success depends on our ability to:
•timely identify industry changes, adapt our strategies, and develop new or enhance and maintain existing products and technologies that provide value to our customers, partners, and ultimately, our shareholders. If we fail to anticipatemeet the changingevolving needs of our targetthese markets, and emerging technology trends, or if we do not appropriately adapt our strategies as market conditions evolve, in a timely mannerincluding due to exploit potential market opportunities, our business will be harmed.
For our products that we do not sell directly to consumers, achieving design wins is an important success factor, including for our interconnect products. Achieving design wins may involve a lengthy process in pursuit of a customer opportunity and depend on our ability to anticipate features and functionality that customers and consumers will demand. Failure to obtain a particular design win may prevent us from obtaining design wins in subsequent generations of a particular product. This could result in lost revenue and could weaken our position in future competitive bid selection processes.
Unanticipatedunexpected changes in industry standards or disruptive technological innovation that could render our products incompatible with products developed by major hardware manufacturersother companies;
•develop or acquire new products and technologies through investments in research and development;
•launch new offerings with new business models including software, services, and cloud solutions, as well as software-, infrastructure-, or platform-as-a-service solutions;
•expand the ecosystem for our products and technologies;
•meet evolving and prevailing customer and industry safety, security, reliability expectations, and compliance standards;
•manage product and software developers. Additionally, iflifecycles to maintain customer and end-user satisfaction;
•develop, acquire, maintain, and secure access to the internal and external infrastructure needed to scale our business, including sufficient energy for powering data centers using our products, are notacquisition integrations, customer support, e-commerce, IP licensing capabilities and cloud service capacity; and
•complete technical, financial, operational, compliance, sales and marketing investments for the above activities.
We have invested in compliance with prevailing industry standards, including safety standards, our customersresearch and development in markets where we have a limited operating history, which may not incorporateproduce meaningful revenue for several years, if at all. If we fail to develop or monetize new products and technologies, or if they do not become widely adopted, our products into theirfinancial results could be adversely affected. Obtaining design strategies. Furthermore, winningwins may involve a product design doeslengthy process and depends on our ability to anticipate and provide features and functionality that customers will demand. They also do not guarantee salesrevenue. Failure to obtain a customer or that we will realize as much revenue as anticipated, if any.
Competition in our current and target markets coulddesign win may prevent us from growingobtaining future design wins in subsequent generations. We cannot ensure that the products and technologies we bring to market will provide value to our revenue.customers and partners. If we fail any of these key success criteria, our financial results may be harmed.
We have begun offering enterprise customers NVIDIA DGX Cloud services directly and through our network of partners, which include cloud-based infrastructure, software and services for training and deploying AI models, and NVIDIA AI Foundations for customizable pretrained AI models. We have partnered with CSPs to host such software and services in their data centers, and we entered and may continue to enter into multi-year cloud service agreements to support these offerings and our research and development activities. The timing and availability of these cloud services has changed and may continue to change, impacting our revenue, expenses, and development timelines. NVIDIA DGX Cloud services may not be successful and will take time, resources, and investment. We also offer or plan to offer standalone software solutions, including NVIDIA AI Enterprise, NVIDIA Omniverse, NVIDIA DRIVE, and several other software solutions. These new business models or strategies may not be successful, and we may fail to sell any meaningful standalone software or services. We may incur significant costs and may not achieve any significant revenue from these offerings.
Competition could adversely impact our market share and financial results.
Our target markets remain extremely competitive, and we expect competition tomay intensify as current competitors expand theirwith expanding and changing product and/orand service offerings, industry standards, continue to evolve, customer needs, changenew entrants and new competitors enter these markets.consolidations. Our competitors’ products, services and technologies, including those mentioned above in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, may be less costly,cheaper or may offer superiorprovide better functionality or better features than ours, which has resulted and may in the future result among other things, in lower than expectedlower-than-expected selling prices for our products. In addition, someSome of our competitors operate and maintain their own fabrication facilities, and have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, more comprehensive IP portfolios and patent protections, more design wins, and greater financial, sales, marketing and distribution resources than we do. These competitors may be able to acquire market share and/or prevent us from doing so, more effectively identify and capitalize upon opportunities in new markets and end user customerend-user trends, more quickly transition their products, including semiconductor products,and impinge on our ability to increasingly smaller line width geometries, and obtainprocure sufficient foundry capacity and packagingscarce input materials during a supply-constrained environment, which could harm our business. In our networking business, someSome of our customers are also integrated circuit and switch suppliers and already have in-house expertise and internal development capabilities similar to ours. Licensing our technologysome of ours and supporting such customers entails the transfer of intellectual property rights that may enable such customers tocan use or develop their own products and solutions to replace those we are currently providingproviding. For example, others may offer cloud-based services that compete with our AI cloud service offerings, and we may not be able to them. Consequently, these customers may become competitorsestablish market share sufficient to us. Further, each new design by a customer presents a competitive situation.achieve the scale necessary to meet our business objectives. If we are unable to successfully compete in our target markets, respond to changes in our target markets or introduce new offerings to meet the needs of this competitive environment, including in significant international markets such as China, demand for our products, services and technologies could decrease which would causeand we may not establish meaningful revenue.
Risks Related to Demand, Supply and Manufacturing
Failure to estimate customer demand accurately has led and could lead to mismatches between supply and demand.
We use third parties to manufacture and assemble our revenueproducts, and we have long manufacturing lead times. We are not provided guaranteed wafer, component and capacity supply, and our supply deliveries and production may be non-linear within a quarter or year. If our estimates of customer demand are inaccurate, as we have experienced in the past, there could be a significant mismatch between supply and demand. This mismatch has resulted in both product shortages and excess inventory, has varied across our market platforms, and has significantly harmed our financial results.
We build finished products and maintain inventory in advance of anticipated demand. While we have in the past entered and may in the future enter into long-term supply and capacity commitments, we may not be able to declinesecure sufficient
commitments for capacity to address our business needs, or our long-term demand expectations may change. These risks may increase as we shorten our product development cycles, enter new lines of business, or integrate new suppliers or components into our supply chain, creating additional supply chain complexity. Additionally, our ability to sell certain products has been and causecould be impeded if components necessary for the finished products are not available from third parties. This risk may increase as a result of our resultsplatform strategy. In periods of operations to suffer. In addition,shortages impacting the competitive landscapesemiconductor industry and/or limited supply or capacity in our target markets has changedsupply chain, the lead times on our orders may be extended. We have previously experienced and may continue to evolveexperience extended lead times of more than 12 months. We have paid premiums and provided deposits to secure future supply and capacity, which have increased our product costs and may continue to do so. If our existing suppliers are unable to scale their capabilities to meet our supply needs, we may require additional sources of capacity, which may require additional deposits. We may not have the ability to reduce our supply commitments at the same rate or at all if our revenue declines.
Many additional factors have caused and/or could in the future cause us to either underestimate or overestimate our customers’ future demand for our products, or otherwise cause a mismatch between supply and demand for our products and impact the timing and volume of our revenue, including:
•changes in product development cycles and time to market;
•competing technologies and competitor product releases and announcements;
•changes in business and economic conditions resulting in decreased end demand;
•sudden or sustained government lockdowns or actions to control case spread of global or local health issues;
•rapidly changing technology or customer requirements;
•the availability of sufficient data center capacity and energy for customers to procure;
•new product introductions and transitions resulting in less demand for existing products;
•new or unexpected end-use cases;
•increase in demand for competitive products, including competitive actions;
•business decisions made by third parties;
•the demand for accelerated or AI-related cloud services, including our own software and NVIDIA DGX Cloud services;
•changes that impact the ecosystem for the architectures underlying our products and technologies;
•the demand for our products; or
•government actions or changes in governmental policies, such as export controls or increased restrictions on gaming usage.
Demand for our data center systems and products surged in fiscal year 2024. Entering fiscal year 2025, we are gathering customer demand indications across several product transitions. We have demand visibility for our new data center products ramping later in fiscal year 2025. We have increased our supply and capacity purchases with existing suppliers, added new vendors and entered into prepaid manufacturing and capacity agreements. These increased purchase volumes, the number of suppliers, and the integration of new vendors into our supply chain may create more complexity and execution risk. We may continue to enter into new supplier and capacity arrangements. Our purchase commitments and obligations for inventory and manufacturing capacity at the end of fiscal year 2024 were impacted by shortening lead times for certain components. Supply of Hopper architecture products is improving, and demand remains very strong. We expect our next-generation products to be supply-constrained based upon demand indications. We may incur inventory provisions or impairments if our inventory or supply or capacity commitments exceed demand for our products or demand declines.
Our customer orders and longer-term demand estimates may change or may not be correct, as we have experienced in the past. Product transitions are complex and can impact our revenue as we often ship both new and prior architecture products simultaneously and we and our channel partners prepare to ship and support new products. Due to our product introduction cycles, we are almost always in various stages of transitioning the architecture of our Data Center, Professional Visualization, and Gaming products. We will have a broader and faster Data Center product launch cadence to meet a growing and diverse set of AI opportunities. The increased frequency of these transitions may magnify the challenges associated with managing our supply and demand due to long manufacturing lead times. Qualification time for new products, customers anticipating product transitions and channel partners reducing channel inventory of prior architectures ahead of new product introductions can create reductions or volatility in our revenue. We have experienced and may in the future experience reduced demand for current generation architectures when customers anticipate
transitions, and we may be unable to sell multiple product architectures at the same time for current and future architecture transitions. If we are unable to execute our architectural transitions as planned for any reason, our financial results may be negatively impacted. The increasing frequency and complexity of newly introduced products may result in unanticipated quality or production issues that could increase the magnitude of inventory provisions, warranty or other costs or result in product delays. Deployment of new products to customers creates additional challenges due to the complexity of our technologies, which has impacted and may in the future impact the timing of customer purchases or otherwise impact our demand. While we have managed prior product transitions and have previously sold multiple product architectures at the same time, these transitions are difficult, may impair our ability to predict demand and impact our supply mix, and we may incur additional costs.
Many end customers often do not purchase directly from us but instead purchase indirectly through multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors, and other channel partners. As a trend toward consolidation,result, the decisions made by our multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors, and other channel partners, and in response to changing market conditions and changes in end-user demand for our products, have impacted and could in the future continue to impact our ability to properly forecast demand, particularly as they are based on estimates provided by various downstream parties.
If we underestimate our customers' future demand for our products, our foundry partners may not have adequate lead-time or capacity to increase production and we may not be able to obtain sufficient inventory to fill orders on a timely basis. Even if we are able to increase supply to meet customer demand, we may not be able to do so in a timely manner, or our contract manufacturers may experience supply constraints. If we cannot procure sufficient supply to meet demand or otherwise fail to fulfill our customers’ orders on a timely basis, or at all, our customer relationships could be damaged, we could lose revenue and market share and our reputation could be harmed. Additionally, since some of our products are part of a complex data center buildout, supply constraints or availability issues with respect to any one component have had and may have a broader revenue impact.
If we overestimate our customers’ future demand for our products, or if customers cancel or defer orders or choose to purchase from our competitors, we may not be able to reduce our inventory or other contractual purchase commitments. In the past, we have experienced a reduction in average selling prices, including due to channel pricing programs that we have implemented and may continue to implement, as a result of our overestimation of future demand, and we may need to continue these reductions. We have had to increase prices for certain of our products as a result of our suppliers’ increase in prices, and we may need to continue to do so for other products in the future. We have also written down our inventory, incurred cancellation penalties, and recorded impairments and may have to do so in the future. These impacts were amplified by our placement of non-cancellable and non-returnable purchasing terms well in advance of our historical lead times and could be exacerbated if we need to make changes to the design of future products. The risk of these impacts has increased and may continue to increase as our purchase obligations and prepaids have grown and are expected to continue to grow and become a greater portion of our total supply. All of these factors may negatively impact our gross margins and financial results.
We build technology and introduce products for new and innovative use cases and applications, such as NVIDIA DGX Cloud services, NVIDIA AI Foundations, Omniverse platform, LLMs, and generative AI models. Our demand estimates for new use cases, applications, and services can be incorrect and create volatility in our revenue or supply levels, and we may not be able to generate significant revenue from these use cases, applications, and services. Recent technologies, such as generative AI models, have emerged, and while they have driven increased demand for Data Center, the long-term trajectory is unknown. Because our products may be used in multiple use cases and applications, it is difficult for us to estimate with any reasonable degree of precision the impact of generative AI models on our reported revenue or forecasted demand. Additionally, we started shipping our CPU product offerings, the Grace CPU and Grace Hopper Superchips, in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. Our ability to adequately predict our CPU demand may create volatility in our revenue or supply levels.
Challenges in estimating demand could become more pronounced or volatile in the future on both a global and regional basis. Extended lead times may occur if we experience other supply constraints caused by natural disasters, pandemics or other events. In addition, geopolitical tensions, such as those involving Taiwan and China, which comprise a significant portion of our revenue and where we have suppliers, contract manufacturers, and assembly partners who are critical to our supply continuity, could leadhave a material adverse impact on us.
The use of our GPUs other than that for which they were designed and marketed, including new and unexpected use cases, has impacted and can in the future impact demand for our products, including by leading to fewer customers, partners,inconsistent spikes and drops in demand. For example, several years ago, our Gaming GPUs began to be used for mining digital currencies, such as Ethereum. It is difficult for us to estimate with any reasonable degree of precision the past or suppliers, anycurrent impact of cryptocurrency mining, or forecast the future impact of cryptocurrency mining, on demand for our products. Volatility in the cryptocurrency market, including new compute technologies, price changes in cryptocurrencies, government cryptocurrency policies and regulations, new cryptocurrency standards and changes in the method of verifying blockchain transactions, has impacted and can in the future impact cryptocurrency mining and demand for our products and can further impact our ability to estimate demand for our products. Changes to cryptocurrency standards and processes including, but not limited to, the Ethereum 2.0 merge in 2022, have reduced and may in the future decrease the usage of GPUs for Ethereum mining. This has created and may in the future create increased aftermarket sales of our
GPUs, which could negatively affectimpact retail prices for our financial results.GPUs and reduce demand for our new GPUs. In general, our new products or previously sold products may be resold online or on the unauthorized “gray market,” which also makes demand forecasting difficult. Gray market products and reseller marketplaces compete with our new products and distribution channels.
Risks Related to Our Supply and Manufacturing
WeAdditionally, we depend on developers, customers and other third parties to build, enhance, and maintain accelerated computing applications that leverage our platforms. We also rely on third-party content providers and publishers to make their content available on our platforms, such as GeForce NOW. Failure by developers, customers, and other third parties to build, enhance, and maintain applications that leverage our platforms, or failure by third-party content providers or publishers to make their content available on reasonable terms or at all for use by our customers or end users on our platforms, could adversely affect customer demand.
Dependency on third-party suppliers and their technology to manufacture, assemble, test, and/or package our products which reduces our control over product quantity and quality, manufacturing yields, development, enhancement and product delivery scheduleschedules and could harm our business.
We do not manufacture the silicon wafers used for our products and do not own or operate a wafer fabrication facility. Instead, we are dependentdepend on industry-leading foundries such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., to manufacture our semiconductor wafers using their fabrication equipment and techniques. Similarly, weWe do not directly assemble, test, or package our products, but instead rely oncontract with independent subcontractors. In the past we have not had and going forward we may not have long-term commitment contractsThese subcontractors assist with these foundries or subcontractors. Nevertheless, we may enter into long-term procurement and capacity commitments
as our business grows or in periods with limited availability of capacity andprocuring components used in our supply chain. As our business grows, we must continue to scalesystems, boards, and adapt our supply chain or it could have an adverse impact on our business. As a result, weproducts. We face several significant risks which have adversely affected or could have an adverse effect onadversely affect our ability to meet customer demand and scale our supply chain, and/or negatively impact longer-term demand for our products and services, and adversely affect our business operations, gross margin, revenue and/or financial results, including:
•a lack of guaranteed supply of waferswafer, component and other componentscapacity or decommitment and potential higher wafer and component prices, which could be impacted by our failure to correctly estimatefrom incorrectly estimating demand and failing to place orders with our suppliers inwith sufficient quantities and/or in a timely manner;
•a failure by our foundries or contract manufacturers to procure raw materials or to provide or allocate adequate or any,levels of manufacturing or test capacity for our products;
•a failure by our foundries to develop, obtain or successfully implement high quality leading-edge process technologies, including transitions to smaller geometry process technologies such as advanced process node technologies and memory designs needed to manufacture our products profitably or on a timely basis;products;
•a failure by our suppliers to comply with our policies and expectations and emerging regulatory requirements;
•limited number and geographic concentration of global suppliers, including foundries, contract manufacturers, assembly and test providers and memory manufacturers;
•loss of a supplier and additional expense and/or production delays as a result of qualifying a new foundry or subcontractor and commencing volume production or testing in the event of a loss, ofaddition or a decision to add or change of a supplier;
•a lack of direct control over delivery schedules or product quantity, quality and quality; anddelivery schedules;
•suppliers or their suppliers failing to supply high quality products and/or making changes to their products without our qualification;
•delays in product shipments, shortages, a decrease in product quality and/or higher expenses in the event our subcontractors or foundries prioritize our competitors’ or other customers’ orders over ourours;
•requirements to place orders that are not cancellable upon changes in demand or otherwise.requirements to prepay for supply in advance;
In addition, •low manufacturing yields could have an adverse effect onresulting from a failure in our ability to meet customer demand, increase manufacturing costs, harm customer or partner relationships, and/or negatively impact our business operations, gross margin, revenue and/or financial results. Manufacturing yields for our products are a function of product design, which is developed largely by us, and process technology, which typically is proprietary to the foundry. Low yields may result from either product design or a foundry’s proprietary process technology failure. We do not know whether a yield problem will exist until our design is actually manufactured by the foundry. As a result, yield problems may not be identified until well into thetechnology; and
•disruptions in manufacturing, processassembly and require usother processes due to closures related to heat waves, earthquakes, fires, or other natural disasters and the foundry to cooperate to resolve the problem.electricity conservation efforts.
We also rely on third-party software development tools to assist usDefects in the design, simulation and verification of new products or product enhancements, and to bring such new products and enhancements to market in a timely manner. In the past, we have experienced delays in the introduction of products and enhancements as a result of the inability of then available software development tools to fully simulate the complex features and functionalities of our products. The design requirements necessary to meet consumer demands for more features and greater functionality from our products may exceed the capabilities of available software development tools. If we miss design cycles or lose design wins duehave caused and could cause us to the unavailability of such software development tools, we could lose market share and our revenues could decline. If we fail to achieve design wins for our products, our business will be harmed.
If our products contain significant defects, we could incur significant expenses to remediate, such defects,which can damage our reputation could be damaged, and we couldcause us to lose market share.
Our products, including both hardware and software product and service offerings are complexcomplex. They have in the past and may in the future contain defects or security vulnerabilities or experience failures or unsatisfactory performance due to any number of issues in design, fabrication, packaging, materials, bugs and/or use within a system. These risks may increase as our products are introduced into new devices, markets, technologies and applications including into the automotive market, or as new versions are released. These risks further increase when we rely on partners to supply and manufacture components that are used in our products, as these arrangements reduce our direct control over production. AI software products we or our partners offer rely on
training data that may originate from third parties and new training methods, and the resulting products may contain unknown or undetected defects and errors, or reflect unintended bias. Although arrangements with component providers may contain provisions for product defect expense reimbursement, we generally remain responsible to the customer for warranty product defects that may occur from time to time. Some errorsfailures in our products or services have been in the past and may in the future be only be discovered after a product or service has been shipped or used by customers or the end users of such product.used. Undiscovered vulnerabilities in our products or services could result in loss of data or intangible property, or expose our customers or end users to hackers or other unscrupulous third parties who develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that could attack our products or services. FailureDefects or failure of our productsofferings to perform to specifications or other product defects, could lead to substantial damage to the products we sell directly to customers, the end product in which our device hasofferings have been integrated by OEMs, ODMs, AIBs and Tierautomotive manufacturers and tier 1 automotive suppliers, and to the user of such end product. Any such defect may cause us to incur significant warranty, support and repair or replacement costs as part of a product recall or otherwise, write-off the value of related inventory, cause us to lose market share, and divert the attention of our engineering and management personnel from our product development efforts to find and correct the issue. In addition, anOur efforts to remedy these issues may not be timely or satisfactory to our customers. An error or defect in new products, or releases or related software drivers after commencement of commercial shipments could result in
failure to achieve market acceptance, or loss of design wins, temporary or permanent withdrawal from a product or market and harm to our relationships with existing and prospective customers and partners and harm consumers’ perceptions of our brand. Also, webrand, which would in turn negatively impact our business operations, gross margin, revenue and/or financial results. We may be required to reimburse our customers, partners or consumers, including for costs to repair or replace products in the field. A product recall, including automotive recallsfield or recalls due toin connection with indemnification obligations, or pay fines imposed by regulatory agencies.
For example, in fiscal year 2023, a bugdefect was identified in a third-party component embedded in certain Data Center products. This defect has had, and other defects may in the future have, an adverse effect on our products, or a significant numbercost and supply of product returnscomponents and finished goods. These costs could be expensive, damage our reputation, harm our abilitysignificant in future periods. We recorded a net warranty liability during fiscal year 2023 primarily in connection with this defect. While we believe we have accurately recorded for warranty obligations, we may need to attract new customers, resultrecord additional amounts in the shifting of businessfuture if our estimate proves to our competitors and result in litigation against us, such as product liability suits. Ifbe incorrect. In general, if a product liability claim regarding any of our products is brought against us, even if the alleged damage is due to the actions or inactions of a third party, such as within our supply chain, the cost of defending the claim could be significant and would divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel and harm our business. Further, our business liability insurance may be inadequate or future coverage may be unavailable on acceptable terms, which could adversely impact our financial results.
Risks Related to Our Global Operating Business
If we failAdverse economic conditions may harm our business.
Economic and industry uncertainty or changes, including recession or slowing growth, inflation, changes or uncertainty in fiscal, monetary or trade policy, disruptions to estimate customer demand properly, our financial results could be harmed.
Our products are manufactured based on estimates of customers’ future demand and our manufacturing lead times are very long. This could lead to a significant mismatch between supply and demand, giving rise to product shortages or excess inventory, and make our demand forecast more uncertain. We sell many of our products through a channel model, and our channel customers sell to retailers, distributors, and/or end customers. As a result, the decisions made by our channel partners, retailers, and distributors in response to changing market conditionscapital markets and the changing demand for our products could impact our financial results. In order to have shorter shipment lead timesbanking system, currency fluctuations, higher interest rates, tighter credit, lower capital expenditures by businesses, including on IT infrastructure, increases in unemployment, labor shortages, and quicker delivery schedules for our customers, we may build inventory for anticipated periods of growth which do not occur, may build inventory anticipating demand that does not materialize, or may build inventory to serve what we believe is pent-up demand. In periods with limited availability of capacitylower consumer confidence and components in ourspending, global supply chain we may place non-cancellable inventory orders significantly in advance of our normal lead times, pay premiums or provide deposits to secure normalconstraints and incremental future supply, which could negatively impact our financial results. Demand for our products is based on many factors, including our product introductionsglobal economic and transitions, competitor announcements, and competing technologies, all of which can impact the timing and amount of our revenue. For example, our GPUs for gaming are capable of digital currency mining. Demand and use of GPUs for cryptocurrency has fluctuatedgeopolitical developments have in the past and is likely to continue to change quickly. Volatility in the cryptocurrency market, including changes in the prices of cryptocurrencies, can impact demand for our products and our ability to estimate demand for our products. Changes to cryptocurrency standards and processes including, but not limited to, the pending Ethereum 2.0 standard may also create increased aftermarket resales of our GPUs and may reduce demand for our new GPUs. Additionally, consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increased demand for our Gaming, Data Center and mobile workstation and laptop products and suppressed corporate demand for desktop workstations, has made it more difficult for us to estimate future demand, and these challenges may be more pronouncedand/or could in the future if and when thehave adverse, wide-ranging effects of the pandemic subside. In estimating demand, we make multiple assumptions, any of which may prove to be incorrect. If we are unable to accurately anticipate demand for our products,on our business and financial results, could be adversely impacted. Situations that may result in excess or obsolete inventory include:including:
•changesincreased costs for wafers, components, logistics, and other supply chain expenses, which have negatively impacted our gross margin in businessthe past and economic conditions, including downturnsmay do so in our target markets and/or overall economy;the future;
•changes in consumer confidence caused by changes in market conditions, including changesincreased supply, employee, facilities and infrastructure costs and volatility in the credit market;financial markets, which have reduced and may in the future reduce our margins;
•a sudden and significant decrease in demand for our products;products, services and technologies and those of our customers, partners or licensees;
•a higher incidencethe inability of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technologyour suppliers to deliver on their supply commitments to us and our customers’ or customer requirements;our licensees’ inability to supply products to customers and/or end users;
•limits on our introduction of new products resulting in lower demand for older products;ability to forecast operating results and make business decisions;
•less demand than expected for newly-introduced products;the insolvency of key suppliers, distributors, customers, cloud service providers, data center providers, licensing parties or other third parties we rely on;
•increased competition, including competitive pricing actions.
The cancellationreduced profitability of customers, which may cause them to scale back operations, exit businesses, file for bankruptcy protection and potentially cease operations, or deferral of customer purchase orders could result in our holding excess inventory,lead to mergers, consolidations or strategic alliances among other companies, which could adversely affect our gross margins. In addition, because we often sell a substantial portionability to compete effectively; and
•increased credit and collectability risks, higher borrowing costs or reduced availability of capital markets, reduced liquidity, adverse impacts on our customers and suppliers, failures of counterparties, including financial institutions and insurers, asset impairments, and declines in the value of our products in the last month of each quarter, we may not be able to reduce our inventory purchase commitments in a timely manner in response to customer cancellations or deferrals. We could be required to write-down our inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value or excess inventory, and we could experience a reduction in average selling prices if we incorrectly forecast product demand, any of which could harm our financial results.instruments.
Conversely, if we underestimateAdverse developments affecting financial institutions, such as bank failures or instability, or concerns or speculation about similar events or risks, could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and other disruptions, which could impact our customers' demand forcustomers’ ability to fulfill their payment obligations to us, our products,vendors’ ability to fulfill their contractual obligations to us, or our foundry partners may not have adequate lead-time or capacity to increase production and we may not be able to obtain sufficient inventory to fill customers' orders on a timely basis. We may also face supply constraints caused by natural disasters or other events. In such cases, even if we are able to increase production levels to meet customer demand, we may not be able to do so in a cost-effective or timely manner. If we failability to fulfill our customers' ordersown obligations.
Additionally, we maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks, which may be exacerbated by market downturns or events that affect global financial markets, as described above. A majority of our investment portfolio comprises USG securities. A decline in global financial markets for long periods or a downgrade of the USG credit rating due to an actual or threatened default on government debt could result in higher interest rates, a timely basis,decline in the value of the U.S. dollar, reduced market liquidity or at all,other adverse conditions. These factors could cause an unrealized or realized loss position in our customer relationshipsinvestments or require us to record impairment charges.
International sales and operations are a significant part of our business, which exposes us to risks that could harm our business.
We sell our products internationally, and we also have operations and conduct business internationally. Our semiconductor wafers are manufactured, assembled, tested and packaged by third parties located outside of the United States, and we generated 56% of our revenue in fiscal year 2024 from sales outside of the United States. Our sales to China decreased as a percentage of total Data Center revenue from 19% in fiscal year 2023 to 14% in fiscal year 2024. Although we have not received licenses from the USG to ship restricted products to China, we have started to ship alternatives to the China market in small volumes. China represented a mid-single digit percentage of our Data Center revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 due to USG licensing requirements and we expect China to be damaged,in a similar range in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. The global nature of our business subjects us to a number of risks and uncertainties, which have had in the past and could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These include domestic and international economic and political conditions in countries in which we could lose revenue and market share and our reputation could be damaged.suppliers and manufacturers do business, government lockdowns to control case spread of global or local health issues, differing legal standards with respect to protection of IP and employment practices, different domestic and international business and cultural practices, disruptions to capital markets, counter-inflation policies, currency fluctuations, natural disasters, acts of war or other military actions, terrorism, public health issues and other catastrophic events.
SystemProduct, system security, and data protection breaches, as well as cyber-attacks, could disrupt our operations, reduce our expected revenue, and increase our expenses, which could adversely affectand significantly harm our stock pricebusiness and damage our reputation.
Security breaches, computer malware, phishing,social-engineering attacks, denial-of-service attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, and other cyber-attacks have become more prevalent andare becoming increasingly sophisticated, in recent years. These threats are constantly evolving, making it increasinglymore difficult to successfully detect, defend against them or implement adequate preventative measures. These
Cyber-attacks, including ransomware attacks by organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors, may become more prevalent and severe. Our ability to recover from ransomware attacks may be limited if our backups have occurred on our systems inbeen affected by the pastattack, or if restoring from backups is delayed or not feasible.
Individuals, groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including nation-states and nation-state-supported actors, and other threat actors have engaged and are expected to occurcontinue to engage in cyber-attacks. Additionally, some actors are using AI technology to launch more automated, targeted and coordinated attacks. Due to geopolitical conflicts and during times of war or other major conflicts, we and the third parties we rely upon may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of cyber-attacks that could materially disrupt our ability to provide services and products. We may also face cybersecurity threats due to error or intentional misconduct by employees, contractors or other third-party service providers. Certain aspects of effective cybersecurity are dependent upon our employees, contractors and/or other third-party service providers safeguarding our sensitive information and adhering to our security policies and access control mechanisms. We have in the future. Experienced computer programmers, hackerspast experienced, and employees may penetratein the future experience, security incidents arising from a failure to properly handle sensitive information or adhere to our security controlspolicies and misappropriate or compromiseaccess control mechanisms and, although no such events have had a material adverse effect on our confidential information, orbusiness, there can be no assurance that of our employees or third parties. These attacks may create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. These hackers may also develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programsan insider threat will not result in an incident that attack or otherwise exploit security vulnerabilities in our products, including consumer and automotive products, where we utilize over-the-air updatesis material to improve functionality over time. For portions of our IT infrastructure, including business management and communication software products,us. Furthermore, we rely on products and services provided by third-party suppliers to operate certain critical business systems, including without limitation, cloud-based infrastructure, encryption and authentication technology, employee email and other functions, which exposes us to supply-chain attacks or other business disruptions. We cannot guarantee that third parties. These providersparties and infrastructure in our supply chain or our partners’ supply chains have not been compromised or that they do not contain exploitable vulnerabilities, defects or bugs that could result in a breach of or disruption to our information technology systems, including our products and services, or the third-party information technology systems that support our services. We may also experience breachesincorporate third-party data into our AI algorithms or use open-source datasets to train our algorithms. These datasets may be flawed, insufficient, or contain certain biased information, and attacksmay otherwise be vulnerable to their products whichsecurity incidents. We may impacthave limited insight into the data privacy or security practices of third-party suppliers, including for our systems. For example,AI algorithms. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and they may not have adequate information security measures in 2020, SolarWinds Inc.,place. In addition, if one of our third party software service providers, was subject tothird-party suppliers suffers a data security breach. To date,incident (which has happened in the
past and may happen in the future), our investigations of this breach, which were supported by a third party expert,response may be limited or more difficult because we may not have not identified any adverse impact to NVIDIA. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical means, such as actions by an employee withdirect access to their systems, logs and other information related to the security incident. Additionally, we are incorporated into the supply chain of a large number of entities worldwide and, as a result, if our systems. products or services are compromised, a significant number of our customers and their data could be affected, which could result in potential liability and harm our business.
To defend against security threats, both to our internal systems and those of our customers,incidents, we must continuously engineer more secure products and enhance security and reliability features, which mayis expected to result in increased expenses. We must also continue to develop our security measures, within NVIDIA,including training programs and security awareness initiatives, designed to ensure our suppliers have appropriate security measures in place, and continue to meet the evolving security requirements of our customers, applicable industry standards, and government regulations. While we invest in training programs and security awareness initiatives and take steps to detect and remediate certain vulnerabilities that we have identified, we may not always be able to prevent threats or detect and mitigate all vulnerabilities in our businesssecurity controls, systems or software, including third-party software we have installed, as such threats and techniques change frequently and may not be detected until after a security incident has occurred. Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address identified vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities could be negatively impacted.result in reputational and financial harm, and if exploited, these vulnerabilities could result in a security incident.
Actual or perceived breachesWe hold confidential, sensitive, personal and proprietary information, including information from partners and customers. Breaches of our security measures, along with reported or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosureperceived vulnerabilities or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us our partners, our customers or third parties, could expose us and the parties affected to a risk of loss, or misuse of this information, potentially resulting in litigation and potentialsubsequent liability, paying damages, regulatory inquiries or actions, damage to our brand and reputation or other harm, including financial, to our business. Our effortsFor example, we hold proprietary game source code from third-party partners in our GFN service. Breaches of our GFN security measures, which have happened in the past, could expose our partners to preventa risk of loss or misuse of this source code, damage both us and overcome these challenges could increase our expensespartners, and may not be successful. Weexpose NVIDIA to potential litigation and liability. If we or a third party we rely on experience a security incident, which has occurred in the past, or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience interruptions, delays, cessationadverse consequences, including government enforcement actions, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, restrictions on processing data, litigation, indemnification obligations, reputational harm, diversion of service andfunds, diversion of management attention, financial loss, loss of existing or potential customers. Suchdata, material disruptions could adversely impactin our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services, and other similar harms. Inability to fulfill orders, and interrupt other critical functions. Delayeddelayed sales, lower margins or lost customers as a result of these disruptions could adversely affect our financial results, stock price and reputation. Applicable data privacy and security obligations may require us to notify relevant stakeholders, including affected individuals, customers, regulators and investors, of security incidents, and mandatory disclosure of such incidents could lead to negative publicity. In addition to experiencing a security incident, third parties may gather, collect or infer sensitive information about us from public sources, data brokers or other means that reveals competitively sensitive details about our organization and could be used to harm our business.
Business disruptions could harm our business,operations, lead to a decline in revenuesrevenue and increase our costs.
Our worldwide operations could be disrupted by earthquakes, telecommunications failures,natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, power or water shortages, outages at cloud service providers, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, cyber-attacks,telecommunications failures, supplier disruptions, terrorist attacks, medicalacts of violence, political and/or civil unrest, acts of war or other military actions, epidemics or pandemics, (including, but not limited to, COVID-19)abrupt regulatory deterioration, and other natural or man-made disasters and catastrophic events or climate change. The occurrence of any of these disruptions could harm our business and result in significant losses, a decline in revenue and an increase in our costs and expenses. Any of these business disruptions could require substantial expenditures and recovery time in order to fully resume operations. Such risks are discussed further in the risk factor “The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.”events. Our corporate headquarters, a large portion of our current data center capacity, and a portion of our research and development activities are located in California, and other critical business operations, finished goods inventory and some of our suppliers are located in Asia, near major earthquake faults known for seismic activity. In addition, a large portion of our current data center capacity is located in California, making our operations vulnerable to natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires or other business disruptions occurring in these geographical areas. The manufacture of product components, the final assembly of our products and other critical operations are concentrated in certain geographic locations, including Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Israel and Korea. Additionally, a significant portion of our finished goods product distribution occurs through Hong Kong, Israel and Taiwan. Geopolitical change or changes in government regulations and policies in the United States or abroad may result in changing regulatory requirements, trade policies, import duties and economic disruptions that could impact our operating strategies, product demand, access to global markets, hiring, and profitability. In particular, revisions to laws or regulations or their interpretation and enforcement
could result in increased taxation, trade sanctions, the imposition of import duties or tariffs, restrictions and controls on imports or exports, or other retaliatory actions, which could have an adverse effect on our business plans or impact the timing of our shipments. For example, regulations to implement the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 could have an adverse effect on our business plans. Catastrophic events can also have an impact on third-party vendors who provide us critical infrastructure services for IT and research and development systems and personnel. In addition, geopoliticalOur business continuity and disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Geopolitical and domestic political developments, such as existing and potential trade wars, political or social unrest, elections and post-election developments and other events beyond our control, can increase levels of political and economic unpredictability globally and increase the volatility of global financial markets.globally. Political instability, changes in government or adverse political developments in or around any of the major countries in which we do business would also likelymay harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Worldwide geopolitical tensions and conflicts, including but not limited to China, Hong Kong, Israel, Korea and Taiwan where the manufacture of our product components and final assembly of our products are concentrated may result in changing regulatory requirements, and other disruptions that could impact our operations and operating strategies, product demand, access to global markets, hiring, and profitability. For example, other countries have restricted and may continue in the future to restrict business with the State of Israel, where we have engineering, sales support operations and manufacturing, and companies with Israeli operations, including by economic boycotts. Our operations could be harmed and our costs could increase if manufacturing, logistics or other operations in these locations are disrupted for any reason, including natural disasters, high heat events or water shortages, other negative impacts from climate change,power shortages, information technology system failures or cyber-attacks, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, regulatory or political issues. The ultimate impact on us, our third-party foundries and other suppliers and our general infrastructure of being located near major earthquake faults and being consolidated in certain geographical areas is unknown. In the event a major earthquake or other disaster, war or catastrophic event affects us, or the third-party systems on which we rely, or our customers, our business could be harmed as a result of declines in revenue, increases in expenses, and substantial expenditures and time spent to fully resume operations. All of these risks and conditions could materially adversely affect our future sales and operating results.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
COVID-19 has spread worldwide, resulting in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the disease, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and shutdowns. These measures have impacted, and may further impact, our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers and our partners, and those of our respective vendors and suppliers (including our subcontractors and third-party contract manufacturers). Our critical business operations, including our headquarters, most of our finished goods inventory and many of our key suppliers are located in regions which have been impacted by COVID-19. Our customers and suppliers worldwide have also been affected and may continue to be affected by COVID-19 related restrictions and closures.
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased economic and demand uncertainty. It continues to affect our business in both positive and negative ways, and there is uncertainty around their duration and impact. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, our Gaming and Data Center market platforms benefited from stronger demand as people continue to work, learn, and play from home. Our Professional Visualization market platform benefited from work-from-home trends in mobile workstations and desktop workstation demand has started to recover, although not back to pre-COVID levels. In our Automotive market platform, COVID-19 did not have a significant impact on demand in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021. In some regions, markets, or industries, where COVID-19 has driven an increase in sales for our products, the demand may not be sustainable if conditions change. Additionally, stronger demand globally has limited the availability of capacity and components in our supply chain, particularly in Gaming, which could cause us to order an excess amount if demand changes, pay higher prices, or limit our ability to obtain supply at necessary levels or at all. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the timing and overall demand from customers and the availability of supply chain, logistical services and component supply may have a material net negative impact on our business and financial results.
The manufacture of product components, the final assembly of our products and other critical operations are concentrated in certain geographic locations, including Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Israel and Korea. A significant portion of our finished goods product distribution occurs through Hong Kong, Israel and Taiwan. Additionally, our headquarters is located in California. Each of these countries and locations has been affected by the pandemic and has taken measures to try to contain it, including restrictions on manufacturing facilities, commerce, travel, on our support operations or workforce, or on our customers, partners, vendors and suppliers. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of such measures and potential future measures. Such measures, as well as restrictions or disruptions of transportation, such as reduced availability or increased cost of air transport, port closures and increased border controls or closures, could limit our capacity to meet customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, mandatory work-from-home policies and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as required by government authorities and regulations or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners and suppliers. Most of our employees continue to work remotely. There is no
certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the disease, and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
While the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and our business is difficult to assess or predict, the pandemic has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital or our customers’ ability to pay us for past or future purchases, which could negatively affect our liquidity. A recession or financial market correction resulting from the lack of containment and spread of COVID-19 could impact overall technology spending, adversely affecting demand for our products, our business and the value of our common stock.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. The extent ofWe are monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicgeopolitical conflict in and around Israel on our operationaloperations, including the health and safety of our approximately 3,700 employees in the region who primarily support the research and development, operations, and sales and marketing of our networking products. Our operating expenses in fiscal year 2024 include expenses for financial performance,support to impacted employees and charitable activity. We believe our global supply chain for our networking products has not experienced any significant impact. Further, in connection with the conflict, a substantial number of our employees in the region have been called-up for active military duty in Israel. Accordingly, some of our employees in Israel have been absent for an extended period and they or others may continue to be absent, which may cause disruption to our product development or operations. We did not experience any significant impact or expense to our business; however, if the conflict is further extended, it could impact future product development, operations, and revenue or create other uncertainty for our business.
Additionally, interruptions or delays in services from CSPs, data center co-location partners, and other third parties on which we rely, including due to the events described above or other events such as the insolvency of these parties, could impair our ability to executeprovide our business strategiesproducts and initiatives in the expected time frame, willservices and harm our business. As we increase our reliance on these third-party systems and services, our exposure to damage from service interruptions, defects, disruptions, outages, shortages and other performance and quality problems may increase. Data centers depend on future developments, including, but not limitedaccess to clean water and predictable energy. Power or water shortages, or regulations that limit energy or water availability, could impair the durationability of our customers to expand their data center capacity and continued spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the disease or treat its impact, availability of vaccines or other treatments, further related restrictions on travel,consume our products and the duration, timing and severity of theservices.
Climate change may have a long-term impact on customer spending, including any recession resulting from the pandemic, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. An extended period of global supply chain and economic disruption as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic couldour business.
Climate change may have a material negativean increasingly adverse impact on our business and on our customers, partners and vendors. Water and energy availability and reliability in the regions where we conduct business is critical, and certain of our facilities may be vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather events. Extreme heat and wind coupled with dry conditions in Northern California may lead to power safety shut offs due to wildfire risk, which can have adverse implications for our Santa Clara, California headquarter offices and data centers, including impairing the ability of our employees to work effectively. Climate change, its impact on our supply chain and critical infrastructure worldwide and its potential to increase political instability in regions where we, our customers, partners and our vendors do business, may disrupt our business and cause us to experience higher attrition, losses and costs to maintain or resume operations. Although we maintain insurance coverage for a variety of property, casualty, and other risks, the types and amounts of insurance we obtain vary depending on availability and cost. Some of our policies have large deductibles and broad exclusions, and our insurance providers may be unable or unwilling to pay a claim. Losses not covered by insurance may be large, which could harm our results of operations access to sources of liquidity and financial condition, thoughcondition.
Our business and those of our suppliers and customers may also be subject to climate-related laws, regulations and lawsuits. New or proposed regulations relating to carbon taxes, fuel or energy taxes, pollution limits, sustainability-related disclosure and governance and supply chain governance could result in greater direct costs, including costs associated with changes to manufacturing processes or the full extentprocurement of raw materials used in manufacturing processes, increased capital expenditures to improve facilities and duration is uncertain.equipment, and higher compliance and energy costs to reduce emissions, other compliance costs, as well as greater indirect costs resulting from our customers and/or suppliers incurring additional compliance costs that are passed on to us. These costs and restrictions could harm our business and results of operations by increasing our expenses or requiring us to alter our operations and product design activities.
Stakeholder groups may find us insufficiently responsive to the implications of climate change, and therefore we may face legal action or reputational harm. We may not achieve our stated sustainability-related goals, which could harm our reputation, or we may incur additional, unexpected costs to achieve such goals. We may also experience contractual disputes due to supply chain delays arising from climate change-related disruptions, which could result in increased litigation and costs.
We also face risks related to business trends that may be influenced by climate change concerns. Our business could be negatively impacted by concerns around the high absolute energy requirements of our GPUs, despite their much more energy efficient design and operation relative to alternative computing platforms.
We may not be able to realize the potential financial or strategic benefits of business acquisitionsinvestments or investments, including the Mellanox acquisition and the planned Arm acquisition,acquisitions, and we may not be able to successfully integrate acquisition targets,acquired companies, which could hurt our ability to grow our business, develop new products or sell our products.
We have in the past acquired and invested in, and may continue to acquire and investdo so in other businesses that offer products, services and technologies that we believe will help expand or enhance our existing products, strategic objectives and business. We completed our acquisition of Mellanox for approximately $7 billion in April 2020. In September 2020, we announced our agreement to acquire all allotted and issued ordinary shares of Arm in a transaction valued at $40 billion. The Mellanox acquisition, the planned Arm acquisition and future acquisitionsobjectives. Acquisitions or investments involve significant challenges and risks and could impair our ability to grow our business, develop new products or sell our products and ultimately could have a negative impact on our growth or our financial results. Given that our resources are limited, our decision to pursue a transaction has opportunity costs; accordingly, ifIf we pursue a particular transaction, we may needlimit our ability to forgo the prospect of enteringenter into other transactions that could help us achieve our other strategic objectives. Furthermore, ifIf we are unable to timely complete acquisitions, in a timely manner, including due to delays and challenges in obtaining regulatory approvals, we may be unable to pursue other transactions, we may not be able to retain critical talent from the target company, technology may evolve makingand make the acquisition less attractive, and other changes can take place, which could jeopardize or reduce the anticipated benefits of the transaction and negatively impact our business. Regulators could also impose conditions that reduce the ultimate value of our acquisitions. In addition, to the extent that our perceived ability to consummate acquisitions has been
harmed, future acquisitions may be more difficult, complex or expensive. Further, our investments in publicly traded companies could create volatility in our results and may generate losses up to the value of the investment. In addition, we have madeinvested and may in the future make strategic investmentscontinue to invest in private companies to further our strategic objectives and mayto support certain key business initiatives. These companies can include early-stage companies still defining their strategic direction. Many of the instruments in which we invest are non-marketable and illiquid at the time of our initial investment, and we are not always able to achieve a return. To the extent any of the companies in which we invest are not successful, we could recognize an impairment and/or lose all or part of our investment. Our investment portfolio contains industry sector concentration risks, and a decline in any one or multiple industry sectors could increase our impairment losses. We face additional risks related to acquisitions and strategic investments, including the diversion of capital and other resources, including management’s attention; difficulty in realizing a satisfactory return and uncertainties to realize the benefits of an acquisition or strategic investment, if at all; difficulty or inability in obtaining governmental, regulatory approval or restrictions or other consents and approvals or financing; legal proceedings initiated as a return onresult of an acquisition or investment; and potential failure of our investments. due diligence processes to identify significant issues with the assets or company in which we are investing or are acquiring.
Additional risks related to the Mellanox acquisition, the planned Arm acquisition and other acquisitions or strategic investments include, but are not limited to:
•difficulty in combiningintegrating the technology, systems, products, policies, processes, or operations of the acquired business with our business;
•difficulty inand integrating and retaining the acquired workforce,employees, including key employees;
•diversionpersonnel, of capital and other resources, including management’s attention;the acquired business;
•assumption of liabilities and incurring amortization expenses, impairment charges to goodwill or write-downs of acquired assets;
•integrating financialaccounting, forecasting and controls, procedures and reporting cycles;
•coordinating and integrating operations, particularly in countries in which we havedo not previously operated;currently operate;
•acquiring business challenges and risks, including, but not limited to, disputes with management and integrating international operations and joint ventures;
•difficulty in realizing a satisfactory return, if any return at all;
•difficulty in obtaining or inability to obtain governmental and regulatory consents and approvals, other approvals or financing;
•the potential impact of with complying with governmental or other regulatory restrictions placed on an acquisition;
•the potential impact on our stock price and financial resultsimpact, fines, fees or reputation harm if we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for an acquisition are required to pay reverse breakup fees or are otherwise unable to close an acquisition;
•failurepotential issuances of debt to finance our acquisitions, resulting in increased debt, increased interest expense, and costs associatedcompliance with the failure to consummate a proposed acquisitiondebt covenants or other strategic investment;
•legal proceedings initiated as a result of an acquisition or investment;restrictions;
•the potential for our acquisitions to result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities;
•the potential variability of the amount and form of any performance-based consideration;
•uncertainties and time needed to realize the benefits of an acquisition or strategic investment, if at all;
•negative changes in general economic conditions in the regions or the industries in which we or our target operate;
•the needexposure to determine an alternative strategy if an acquisition does not meet our expectations;
•potential failure of our due diligence processes to identify significant issues with the acquired assets or company;additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities; and
•impairment of relationships with, or loss of our or our target’s employees, vendors and customers.
For example, when integrating acquisition target systems into our own, we have experienced and may continue to experience challenges including lengthy and costly systems integration, delays in purchasing and shipping products, difficulties with system integration via electronic data interchange and other processes with our key suppliers and customers, as a resultand training and change management needs of integration personnel. These challenges have impacted our acquisition or investment.results of operations and may continue to do so in the future.
We receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of partners and distributors and we have a concentration of sales to customers within our partner networkwho purchase directly or indirectly from us, and our revenue could be adversely affected if we lose or are prevented from selling to any of these customers.
We receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of customers within our distribution and partner network. Sales to one customer, Customer A, represented 13% of total revenue for fiscal year 2024, which was attributable to the Compute & Networking segment. With several of these distributors andchannel partners, we are selling multiple target market platformsproducts and systems in our portfolio through their channels. Our operating results in the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales within our partner network, as well as the ability of these partners to sell products that incorporate our processors. In the future, these partners may decide to purchase fewer products, than they did in the past, not to incorporate our products into their ecosystem, or to alter their purchasing patterns in some other way, particularly because:
•way. Because most of our sales are made on a purchase order basis, which permits our customers tocan generally cancel, change or delay product purchase commitments with little or no notice to us and without penalty;
•ourpenalty. Our partners or customers may develop their own solutions;
•our customers may purchase products from our competitors; or
•and our partners may discontinue sales or lose market share in the markets for which they purchase our products.
We could also be restrictedproducts, all of which may alter partners’ or customers’ purchasing patterns. Many of our customers often do not purchase directly from sellingus but purchase through multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors and other channel partners. One indirect customer which primarily purchases our products through system integrators and distributors, including through Customer A, is estimated to have represented approximately 19% of total revenue for fiscal year 2024, attributable to the
Compute & Networking segment. If end demand increases or providing our technologyfinished goods supply availability is concentrated near a quarter end, the system integrators, distributors and services duechannel partners may have limited ability to U.S. trade restrictions.increase their credit, which could impact the timing and amount of our revenue. The loss of any of our large customers, a significant reduction in purchases by them, or our inability to sell to a customer due to U.S. or other countries’ trade restrictions or any difficulties in collecting accounts receivable would likely harm our financial condition and results of operations, and any difficulties in collecting accounts receivable could harm our operating results and financial condition.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of certain of our customers to make required payments and obtain credit insurance over the purchasing credit extended to these customers. In the future, we may have to record additional provisions or write-offs and/or defer revenue on certain sales transactions, which could negatively impact our financial results, and we may not be able to acquire credit insurance on the credit we extend to these customers or in amounts that we deem sufficient.
We are subject to risks and uncertainties associated with international operations, including adverse economic conditions, which may harm our business.
We conduct our business worldwide and we have offices in various countries outside of the United States. Our semiconductor wafers are manufactured, assembled, tested and packaged by third parties located outside of the United States. We also generate a significant portion of our revenue from sales outside the United States. We allocate revenue
to individual countries based on the location to which the products are initially billed even if our customers’ revenue is attributable to end customers that are located in a different location. Revenue from sales outside of the United States accounted for 81% of total revenue for fiscal year 2021, 92% for fiscal year 2020 and 87% for fiscal year 2019. Revenue from billings to China, including Hong Kong, was 23% of our revenue for fiscal year 2021. Additionally, as of January 31, 2021, approximately 53% of our employees were located outside of the United States. The global nature of our business subjects us to a number of risks and uncertainties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including:
•international economic and political conditions and other political tensions between countries in which we do business;
•unexpected changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements, including changes in tax laws and employee safety and health regulations and those applicable to business acquisitions;
•differing legal standards with respect to protection of intellectual property and employment practices;
•local business and cultural factors that differ from our normal standards and practices, including business practices that we are prohibited from engaging in by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anticorruption laws and regulations;
•exporting or importing issues related to export or import restrictions, including deemed export restrictions, tariffs, quotas and other trade barriers and restrictions;
•disruptions of capital and trading markets and currency fluctuations;
•increased costs due to imposition of climate change regulations, such as carbon taxes, fuel or energy taxes, and pollution limits; and
•natural disasters, public health issues (including the COVID-19 pandemic discussed further in the risk factor “The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations,” above), and other catastrophic events.
If our sales outside of the United States are delayed or cancelled because of any of the above factors, our revenue may be negatively impacted.
We are subject to laws and regulations worldwide that differ among jurisdictions, affecting our operations in areas including, but not limited to: IP ownership and infringement; tax; import and export requirements; anti-corruption; foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions; data privacy requirements; competition; advertising; employment; product regulations; environment, health, and safety requirements; and consumer laws. Compliance with such requirements can be onerous and expensive, and may otherwise impact our business operations negatively. Expanding privacy legislation and compliance costs of privacy-related and data protection measures could adversely affect our customers and their products and services, which could in turn reduce demand for our products used for those workloads.
Although we have policies, controls, and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with applicable laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, or agents will not violate such laws or our policies. Violations of these laws and regulations can result in fines; criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation. The technology industry is subject to intense media, political, and regulatory scrutiny, which can increase our exposure to government investigations, legal actions, and penalties.
Adverse changes in global, regional or local economic conditions, including recession or slowing growth, changes or uncertainty in fiscal, monetary, or trade policy, higher interest rates, tighter credit, inflation, lower capital expenditures by businesses including on IT infrastructure, increases in unemployment, and lower consumer confidence and spending, periodically occur. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. It is likely that the continued spread of COVID-19 will cause an economic slowdown, and it is possible that it could cause a global recession. Adverse changes in economic conditions, including as a result of the pandemic, can significantly harm demand for our products and make it more challenging to forecast our operating results and make business decisions, including regarding prioritization of investments in our business. A slowdown in economic growth could have adverse, wide-ranging effects on our business and financial results, including a decrease in demand for our products and technologies; a decrease in demand for the products and services of our customers or licensees; the inability of our suppliers to deliver on their supply commitments to us, our inability to supply our products to our customers and/or the
inability of our customers or licensees to supply their products to end users; the insolvency of key suppliers, customers or licensees; delays in reporting or payments from our customers or licensees; failures by counterparties; and/or negative effects on inventories. Uncertain market conditions, difficulties in obtaining capital, or reduced profitability may also cause some customers to scale back operations, exit businesses, merge with other manufacturers, or file for bankruptcy protection and potentially cease operations, which can also result in lower sales, additional inventory or bad debt expense. Economic and industry uncertainty may similarly affect suppliers, which could impair their ability to deliver parts and negatively affect our ability to manage operations and deliver our products. These conditions may also lead to consolidation or strategic alliances among other equipment manufacturers, which could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. An economic downturn or increased uncertainty may also lead to increased credit and collectability risks, higher borrowing costs or reduced availability of capital markets, reduced liquidity, adverse impacts on our suppliers, failures of counterparties including financial institutions and insurers, asset impairments, and declines in the value of our financial instruments.
Additionally, we have engineering facilities, corporate and sales support operations and some of our manufacturing located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel and the Middle East may directly affect our business. In addition, the State of Israel and companies with business in Israel have in the past been the subject of an economic boycott and could be in the future. Other countries have in the past, and may continue in the future, to restrict business with the State of Israel and companies with Israeli operations. Further, we are unable to ship products manufactured in Israel to certain countries. These laws and policies may have an impact on our results of operations. Any losses or damages incurred by us as a result of such events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to attract, retain and motivate our executives and key employees, we may not be able to execute our business strategy effectively.may be harmed.
To be competitive and execute our business strategy successfully, we must attract, retain and motivate our executives and key employees. Theemployees and recruit and develop capable and diverse talent. Labor is subject to external factors that are beyond our control, including our industry’s highly competitive market for highly skilled workers and leaders, in our industry is extremely competitive. In particular, hiring qualified executives, scientists, engineers, technical staffcost inflation and research and development personnel is critical to our business. We also must recruit and develop diverse talent. Additionally, changesworkforce participation rates. Changes in immigration and work permit laws and regulations or thein their administration or interpretation of such laws or regulations could impair our ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees. If we are less successful in our recruiting efforts, or if we cannot retain key employees, our ability to develop and deliver successful products and services may be adversely affected. Additionally, competitionCompetition for personnel results in increased costs in the form of cash and stock-based compensation. The interpretationcompensation, and applicationin times of employment related laws to our workforce practicesstock price volatility, as we have experienced in the past and may resultexperience in increased operating costs and less flexibility in how we meet our workforce needs. We also must retain the key personnel hired as a resultfuture, the retentive value of our acquisitions, or it could reducestock-based compensation may decrease. Additionally, we are highly dependent on the anticipated benefitsservices of our acquisitions and negatively impact our business. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success.longstanding executive team. Failure to ensure effective succession planning, transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving executives and key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution.execution and long-term success.
Our business is dependent upon the proper functioning of our business processes and information systems and modification or interruption of such systems may disrupt our business, and internal controls.
We rely upon internal processes and information systems to support key business functions, including our assessment of internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The efficient operation and scalability of these processes and systems is critical to support our growth. We continue to evolvedesign and implement updated accounting functionality related to a new enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system. Any ERP system implementation may introduce problems, such as quality issues or programming errors, that could have an impact on our continued ability to successfully operate our business practicesor to timely and accurately report our financial results. These changes may be costly and disruptive to our operations and could impose substantial demands on management time. Failure to implement new or updated controls, or difficulties encountered in responsetheir implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.
Identification of material weaknesses in our internal controls, even if quickly remediated once disclosed, may cause investors to lose confidence in our financial statements and our stock price may decline. Remediation of any material weakness could require us to incur significant expenses, and if we fail to remediate any material weakness, our financial statements may be inaccurate, we may be required to restate our financial statements, our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis may be adversely affected, our access to the COVID-19 pandemiccapital markets may be restricted, our stock price may decline, and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by supporting and providing resources to our employees who are working remotely and implementing stringent safety guidelines for those who go into the essential labs and offices that remain open. If we do not continue to anticipate and address the safety and wellness needs of our employees sufficiently and/or in a timely manner, their productivity could be impacted, or we could fail to retain them.regulatory authorities.
Our operating results have in the past fluctuated and may in the future fluctuate, and if our operating results are below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could decline.
Our operating results have in the past fluctuated and may in the future continue to fluctuate due to numerous of these risk factors. Therefore, investors should not rely on quarterly comparisons of our past results of operations as an indication of our future performance.
Additional factors, other than or in addition to those described elsewhere in these risk factors that could affect our results of operations in the future include, but are not limited to:
•our ability to achieve volume production of our next-generation products;
•our inability to adjust spending to offset revenue shortfalls due to the multi-year development cycle for some of our products and services;
•fluctuations in the demand for our products relatedability to cryptocurrencies and COVID-19, as discussed further in the risk factor “If we failcomply with our contractual obligations to estimate customer demand properly, our financial results could be harmed;”
•changes in the timing of product orders due to unexpected delays in the introduction of our partners’ products;customers;
•our ability to cover the manufacturing and design costs of our products through competitive pricing;
•our ability to comply and continue to complyextended payment term arrangements with our customers’ contractual obligations;
•product rates of return in excess of that forecasted or expected due to quality issues;
•our ability to secure appropriate safety certifications and meet industry safety standards;
•supply constraints for and changes in the cost of the other components incorporated into our products;
•inventory write-downs;
•our ability to continue generating revenue from our partner network, including by generating sales within our partner network and ensuring our products are incorporated into our partners product ecosystems, and our partner network’s ability to sell products that incorporate our technologies;
•our dependence on third party vendors and end users to adopt our products, including InfiniBand;
•certain customers, the inability of certain of oursome customers to make required payments, to us, and our ability to obtain credit insurance over the purchasing creditfor customers with extended to these customers;
•payment terms, and customer bad debt write-offs;
•any our vendors' payment requirements;
•unanticipated costs associated with environmental liabilities;
•unexpected costs related to our ownership of real property;
•our ability to maintain and scale our business processes, information systems and internal controls;
•changes in financial accounting standards or interpretations of existing standards; and
•general macroeconomic or industry events and factors affecting the overall market and our target markets.standards.
Any one or more of the factors discussed above could prevent us from achieving our expected futureanticipated financial results. Any such failureFor example, we have granted and may continue to grant extended payment terms to some customers, particularly during macroeconomic downturns, which could impact our ability to collect payment. Our vendors have requested and may continue to ask for shorter payment terms, which may impact our cash flow generation. These arrangements reduce the cash we have available for general business operations. In addition, the pace of growth in our operating expenses and investments may lag our revenue growth, creating volatility or periods where profitability levels may not be sustainable. Failure to meet our expectations or the expectations of our investors or security analysts couldis likely to cause our stock price to decline, as it has in the past, or experience substantial price volatility.
Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal, Our Common Stock and Other Matters
Our operations could be affected by the complex laws, rules and regulations to which our business is subject, and political and other actions may adversely impact our business.
We are subject to laws and regulations domestically and worldwide, affecting our operations in areas including, but not limited to, IP ownership and infringement; taxes; import and export requirements and tariffs; anti-corruption, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; business acquisitions; foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions; data privacy requirements; competition and antitrust; advertising; employment; product regulations; cybersecurity; environmental, health, and safety requirements; the responsible use of AI; sustainability; cryptocurrency; and consumer laws. Compliance with such requirements can be onerous and expensive, could impact our competitive position, and may negatively impact our business operations and ability to manufacture and ship our products. There can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers or agents will not violate applicable laws or the policies, controls, and procedures that we have designed to help ensure compliance with such laws, and violations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation. Changes to the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject, or changes to their interpretation and enforcement, could lead to materially greater compliance and other costs and/or further restrictions on our ability to manufacture and supply our products and operate our business. For example, we may face increased compliance costs as a result of changes or increases in antitrust legislation, regulation, administrative rule making, increased focus from regulators on cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risks. Our position in markets relating to AI has led to increased interest in our business from regulators worldwide, including the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and China. For example, the French Competition Authority collected information from us regarding our business and competition in the graphics card and cloud service provider market as part of an ongoing inquiry into competition in those markets. We have also received requests for information from regulators in the European Union, the United Kingdom, and China regarding our sales of GPUs, our efforts to allocate supply, foundation models and our investments, partnerships and other agreements with companies developing foundation models, and we expect to receive additional requests for information in the future. Governments and regulators are considering imposing restrictions on the hardware, software, and systems used to develop frontier foundation models and generative AI. If implemented, such restrictions could increase the costs and burdens to us and our customers, delay or halt deployment of new systems using our products, and reduce the number of new entrants and customers, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Revisions to laws or regulations or their interpretation and enforcement could also result in increased taxation, trade sanctions, the imposition of or increase to import duties or tariffs, restrictions and controls on imports or exports, or other retaliatory actions, which could have an adverse effect on our business plans or impact the timing of our shipments. Additionally, changes in the public perception of governments in the regions where we operate or plan to operate could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
Government actions, including trade protection and national and economic security policies of U.S. and foreign government bodies, such as tariffs, import or export regulations, including deemed export restrictions and restrictions on the activities of U.S. persons, trade and economic sanctions, decrees, quotas or other trade barriers and restrictions could affect our ability to ship products, provide services to our customers and employees, do business without an export license with entities on the U.S. Department of Commerce’s U.S. Entity List or other USG restricted parties lists (which is expected to change from time to time), and generally fulfill our contractual obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business. If we were ever found to have violated export control laws or sanctions of the U.S. or similar applicable non-U.S. laws, even if the violation occurred without our knowledge, we may be subject to various penalties available under the laws, any of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
For example, in response to the war in Ukraine, the United States and other jurisdictions imposed economic sanctions and export control measures which blocked the passage of our products, services and support into Russia, Belarus, and certain regions of Ukraine. In fiscal year 2023, we stopped direct sales to Russia and closed business operations in Russia. Concurrently, the war in Ukraine has impacted sales in EMEA and may continue to do so in the future.
The increasing focus on the risks and strategic importance of AI technologies has resulted in regulatory restrictions that target products and services capable of enabling or facilitating AI and may in the future result in additional restrictions impacting some or all of our product and service offerings.
Concerns regarding third-party use of AI for purposes contrary to local governmental interests, including concerns relating to the misuse of AI applications, models, and solutions, has resulted in and could in the future result in unilateral or multilateral restrictions on products that can be used for training, modifying, tuning, and deploying LLMs. Such restrictions have limited and could in the future limit the ability of downstream customers and users worldwide to acquire, deploy and use systems that include our products, software, and services, and negatively impact our business and financial results.
Such restrictions could include additional unilateral or multilateral export controls on certain products or technology, including but not limited to AI technologies. As geopolitical tensions have increased, semiconductors associated with AI, including GPUs and associated products, are increasingly the focus of export control restrictions proposed by stakeholders in the U.S. and its allies. The United States has imposed unilateral controls restricting GPUs and associated
products, and it is likely that additional unilateral or multilateral controls will be adopted. Such controls have been and may again be very broad in scope and application, prohibit us from exporting our products to any or all customers in one or more markets, including but not limited to China, and could negatively impact our manufacturing, testing and warehousing locations and options, or could impose other conditions that limit our ability to serve demand abroad and could negatively and materially impact our business, revenue and financial results. Export controls targeting GPUs and semiconductors associated with AI, which have been imposed and are increasingly likely to be further tightened, would further restrict our ability to export our technology, products, or services even though competitors may not be subject to similar restrictions, creating a competitive disadvantage for us and negatively impacting our business and financial results. Export controls targeting GPUs and semiconductors associated with AI have subjected and may in the future subject downstream users of our products to additional restrictions on the use, resale, repair, or transfer of our products, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Controls could negatively impact our cost and/or ability to provide services such as NVIDIA AI cloud services and could impact the cost and/or ability for our cloud service providers and customers to provide services to their end customers, even outside China.
Export controls could disrupt our supply chain and distribution channels, negatively impacting our ability to serve demand, including in markets outside China and for our gaming products. The possibility of additional export controls has negatively impacted and may in the future negatively impact demand for our products, benefiting competitors that offer alternatives less likely to be restricted by further controls. Repeated changes in the export control rules are likely to impose compliance burdens on our business and our customers, negatively and materially impacting our business.
Increasing use of economic sanctions and export controls has impacted and may in the future impact demand for our products or services, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Reduced demand due to export controls could also lead to excess inventory or cause us to incur related supply charges. Additional unilateral or multilateral controls are also likely to include deemed export control limitations that negatively impact the ability of our research and development teams to execute our roadmap or other objectives in a timely manner. Additional export restrictions may not only impact our ability to serve overseas markets, but also provoke responses from foreign governments, including China, that negatively impact our supply chain or our ability to provide our products and services to customers in all markets worldwide, which could also substantially reduce our revenue. Regulators in China have inquired about our sales and efforts to supply the China market and our fulfillment of the commitments we entered at the close of our Mellanox acquisition. If the regulators conclude that we have failed to fulfill such commitments or we have violated any applicable law in China, we could be subject to various penalties or restrictions on our ability to conduct our business, any of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, the USG announced export restrictions and export licensing requirements targeting China’s semiconductor and supercomputing industries. These restrictions impact exports of certain chips, as well as software, hardware, equipment and technology used to develop, produce and manufacture certain chips to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) and Russia, and specifically impact our A100 and H100 integrated circuits, DGX or any other systems or boards which incorporate A100 or H100 integrated circuits. The licensing requirements also apply to any future NVIDIA integrated circuit achieving certain peak performance and chip-to-chip I/O performance thresholds, as well as any system or board that includes those circuits. There are also now licensing requirements to export a wide array of products, including networking products, destined for certain end users and for certain end uses in China. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the USG also informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in the Middle East.
In October 2023, the USG announced new and updated licensing requirements that became effective in our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 for exports to China and Country Groups D1, D4, and D5 (including but not limited to, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, but excluding Israel) of our products exceeding certain performance thresholds, including A100, A800, H100, H800, L4, L40, L40S and RTX 4090. The licensing requirements also apply to the export of products exceeding certain performance thresholds to a party headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D5, including China. On October 23, 2023, the USG informed us that the licensing requirements were effective immediately for shipments of our A100, A800, H100, H800, and L40S products. We have not received licenses to ship these restricted products to China.
Following these export controls, we transitioned some operations, including certain testing, validation, and supply and distribution operations out of China and Hong Kong. Any future transitions could be costly and time consuming, and adversely affect our research and development and supply and distribution operations, as well as our revenue, during any such transition period. We are working to expand our Data Center product portfolio to offer new solutions, including those for which the USG does not require a license or advance notice before each shipment. To the extent that a customer requires products covered by the licensing requirements, we may seek a license for the customer. However, the licensing process is time-consuming. We have no assurance that the USG will grant such a license or that the USG will act on the license application in a timely manner or at all. Even if a license is offered, it may impose burdensome conditions that we or our customer or end users cannot or decide not to accept. The USG is evaluating license requests in a closed process that does not have clear standards or an opportunity for review. For example, the Notified Advanced Computing, or “NAC,” process has not resulted in approvals for exports of products to customers in China. The license process for exports to D1 and D4 countries has been time-consuming and resulted in license conditions for countries outside China. The requirements have a disproportionate impact on NVIDIA and already have disadvantaged and may in the future
disadvantage NVIDIA against certain of our competitors who sell products that are not subject to the new restrictions or may be able to acquire licenses for their products.
Management of these new licenses and other requirements is complicated and time consuming. Our competitive position has been harmed, and our competitive position and future results may be further harmed, over the long-term, if there are further changes in the USG’s export controls, including further expansion of the geographic, customer, or product scope of the controls, if customers purchase product from competitors, if customers develop their own internal solution, if we are unable to provide contractual warranty or other extended service obligations, if the USG does not grant licenses in a timely manner or denies licenses to significant customers or if we incur significant transition costs. Even if the USG grants any requested licenses, the licenses may be temporary or impose burdensome conditions that we or our customers or end users cannot or choose not to fulfill. The licensing requirements may benefit certain of our competitors, as the licensing process will make our pre-sale and post-sale technical support efforts more cumbersome and less certain and encourage customers in China to pursue alternatives to our products, including semiconductor suppliers based in China, Europe, and Israel.
Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements, effectively excluding us from all or part of the China market, as well as other impacted markets, including the Middle East. For example, the USG has already imposed conditions to limit the ability of foreign firms to create and offer as a service large-scale GPU clusters, for example by imposing license conditions on the use of products to be exported to certain countries, or by requiring chip tracking and throttling mechanisms that would disable or impair GPUs if certain system or use conditions are detected. The USG has already imposed export controls restricting certain gaming GPUs, and if the USG expands such controls to restrict additional gaming products, it may disrupt a significant portion of our supply and distribution chain and negatively impact sales of such products to markets outside China, including the U.S. and Europe. Export controls may disrupt our supply and distribution chain for a substantial portion of our products, which are warehoused in and distributed from Hong Kong. Export controls restricting our ability to sell datacenter GPUs may also negatively impact demand for our networking products used in servers containing our GPUs. The USG may also impose export controls on our networking products, such as high-speed network interconnects, to limit the ability of downstream parties to create large clusters for frontier model training. Any new control that impacts a wider range of our products would likely have a disproportionate impact on NVIDIA and may disadvantage us against certain of our competitors that sell chips that are outside the scope of such control. Excessive or shifting export controls have already and may in the future encourage customers outside China and other impacted regions to “design-out” certain U.S. semiconductors from their products to reduce the compliance burden and risk, and to ensure that they are able to serve markets worldwide. Excessive or shifting export controls have already encouraged and may in the future encourage overseas governments to request that our customers purchase from our competitors rather than NVIDIA or other U.S. firms, harming our business, market position, and financial results. As a result, excessive or shifting export controls may negatively impact demand for our products and services not only in China, but also in other markets, such as Europe, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Excessive or shifting export controls increase the risk of investing in U.S. advanced semiconductor products, because by the time a new product is ready for market, it may be subject to new unilateral export controls restricting its sale. At the same time, such controls may increase investment in foreign competitors, which would be less likely to be restricted by U.S. controls.
Additionally, restrictions imposed by the Chinese government on the duration of gaming activities and access to games may adversely affect our Gaming revenue, and increased oversight of digital platform companies may adversely affect our Data Center revenue. The Chinese government may impose restrictions on the sale to certain customers of our products, or any products containing components made by our partners and suppliers. For example, the Chinese government announced restrictions relating to certain sales of products containing certain products made by Micron, a supplier of ours. Further restrictions on our products or the products of our suppliers could negatively impact our business and financial results.
Finally, our business depends on our ability to receive consistent and reliable supply from our overseas partners, especially in Taiwan. Any new restrictions that negatively impact our ability to receive supply of components, parts, or services from Taiwan, would negatively impact our business and financial results.
Increased scrutiny from shareholders, regulators and others regarding our corporate sustainability practices could result in additional costs or risks and adversely impact our reputation and willingness of customers and suppliers to do business with us.
Shareholder advocacy groups, certain investment funds, other market participants, shareholders, customers and government regulators have focused increasingly on corporate sustainability practices and disclosures, including those associated with climate change and human rights. Stakeholders may not be satisfied with our corporate sustainability practices and goals or the speed of their adoption. Further, there is an increasing number of state-level initiatives in the U.S. that may conflict with other regulatory requirements or our various stakeholders’ expectations. Additionally, our corporate sustainability practices, oversight of our practices or disclosure controls may not meet evolving shareholder,
regulator or other industry stakeholder expectations, or we may fail to meet corporate sustainability disclosure or reporting standards. We could also incur additional costs and require additional resources to monitor, report, and comply with various corporate sustainability practices, choose not to conduct business with potential customers, or discontinue or not expand business with existing customers due to our policies. These factors may negatively harm our brand, reputation and business activities or expose us to liability.
Issues relating to the responsible use of our technologies, including AI in our offerings, may result in reputational or financial harm and liability.
Concerns relating to the responsible use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our products and services may result in reputational or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues. We are increasingly building AI capabilities and protections into many of our products and services, and we also offer stand-alone AI applications. AI poses emerging legal, social, and ethical issues and presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. If we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, such as AI solutions that have unintended consequences, infringe copyright or rights of publicity, or are controversial because of their impact on human rights, privacy, employment or other social, economic or political issues, or if we are unable to develop effective internal policies and frameworks relating to the responsible development and use of AI models and systems offered through our sales channels, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Complying with multiple regulations from different jurisdictions related to AI could increase our cost of doing business, may change the way that we operate in certain jurisdictions, or may impede our ability to offer certain products and services in certain jurisdictions if we are unable to comply with regulations. Compliance with existing and proposed government regulation of AI, including in jurisdictions such as the European Union as well as under any U.S. regulation adopted in response to the Biden administration’s Executive Order on AI, may also increase the cost of related research and development, and create additional reporting and/or transparency requirements. For example, regulation adopted in response to the Executive Order on AI could require us to notify the USG of certain safety test results and other information. Furthermore, changes in AI-related regulation could disproportionately impact and disadvantage us and require us to change our business practices, which may negatively impact our financial results. Our failure to adequately address concerns and regulations relating to the responsible use of AI by us or others could undermine public confidence in AI and slow adoption of AI in our products and services or cause reputational or financial harm.
Actions to adequately protect our IP rights could result in substantial costs to us and our ability to compete could be harmed if we are unsuccessful in doing so or if we are prohibited from making or selling our products.
We have in the past, currentlyFrom time to time, we are and may in the future become involved in lawsuits or other legal proceedings alleging patent infringement or other intellectual propertyIP rights violations by us, our employees or parties that we have agreed to indemnify for certain claims of infringement.indemnify. An unfavorable ruling in any such intellectual property related litigation could include significant damages, invalidation of a patentone or family ofmore patents, indemnification of customers,third parties, payment of lost profits, or when it has been sought, injunctive relief. Claims that our products or processes infringe the IP rights of others, regardless of their merit, could cause us to incur significant costs to respond to, defend, and resolve such claims, and they may also divert the efforts and attention of management and technical personnel.
We may commence litigation or other legal proceedings in order to protect our intellectual property rights. Such proceedingsIP rights, which may increase our operating expenses, which could negatively impact our operating results. Further, weexpenses. We could be subject to countersuits as a result of our initiation of litigation.result. If infringement claims are made against us or our products are found to infringe a third party’s patent or intellectual property,IP, we or one of our indemnitees may have to seek a license to the third party’s patent or other intellectual propertyIP rights. However, we may not be able to obtain licenses at all or on terms acceptable to us particularly from our competitors. If we or one of our indemnitees is unable to obtain such a license from a third party for technology that we useon acceptable terms or that is used in one of our products,at all, we could be subject to substantial liabilities or have to suspend or discontinue the manufacture and sale of one or more of our products. We may also have to make royalty or other payments or cross license our technology. If these arrangements are not concluded on commercially reasonable terms, our business could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, the indemnification of a customer or other indemnitee may increase our operating expenses which couldand negatively impact our operating results.
Our success depends in partWe rely on protecting our intellectual property. To accomplish this, we rely primarily on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, licensing arrangements and the laws of the countries in which we operate to protect our intellectual property in the United States and internationally. We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, and even with significant expenditures we may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights that are valuable to our business. TheIP. Foreign laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our products or intellectual propertyIP rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.States law. This makes the possibility of piracy of our technology and products more likely. In addition, theThe theft or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information could harm our competitive position and reduce acceptance of our products; as a result, the value of our investment in research and development, product development and marketing could be reduced. We also may face risks to our intellectual propertyIP if our employees are hired by potential competitors. We continuously assess whether and where to seek formal protection for existing and new innovations and technologies but cannot be certain whether our applications for such protections will be approved, and, if approved, whether wethey will be ableenforceable.
We are subject to enforce such protections.
Privacy concerns relating to our productsstringent and serviceschanging data privacy and security laws, rules, regulations and other obligations. These areas could damage our reputation, deter current and potential users from usingcustomers, affect our products and services, result in liability,product design, or result in legal or regulatory proceedings.proceedings and liability.
Our products and services may provide us with access toWe process sensitive, confidential or personal data or information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations, industry standards, external and regulations.internal policies, contracts and other obligations that govern the processing of such data by us and on our behalf. Concerns about our practices or the ultimate use of our products and services with regard
to the collection, use, retention, security or disclosure of personal information or other privacy-related matters, including for use in AI, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and adversely affect our operating results. The theft, loss or misuse of personal data collected, used, stored, or transferred by us to runin our businesspossession or by one of our partners could result in significantly increased security costs, damage to our reputation, regulatory proceedings, disruption of our business activities or increased security costs and costs related to defending legal claims.
Worldwide regulatoryIn the United States, federal, state and local authorities are consideringhave enacted numerous data privacy and security laws, including for data breach notification, personal data privacy and consumer protection. In the past few years, numerous U.S. states have approved various legislative proposalsenacted comprehensive privacy laws that impose certain obligations on covered businesses, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their personal data. As applicable, such rights may include the right to access, correct, or delete certain personal data, protection, which continueand to evolveopt-out of certain data processing activities, such as targeted advertising, profiling and applyautomated decision-making. The exercise of these rights may impact our business and ability to provide our business. For example, the European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which required companies to meetproducts and services. Certain states also impose stricter requirements effective as of May 2018 regarding the handling offor processing certain personal data, including its use, protection and the ability of persons whosesensitive information, such as conducting data is stored to access, correct and delete such data about themselves. Failure to meet GDPR requirements could result in penalties of up to 4% of worldwide revenue. In addition, California adoptedprivacy impact assessments. These state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, or CCPA, which took effect on January 1, 2020. TheCPRA, or collectively the CCPA, gives California residents the right to access, delete and opt-out of certain sharing of their personal information, and to receive detailed information about how it is used and shared. ViolationsThe CCPA provides for fines of the CCPA carry substantial civil penaltiesup to $7,500 per intentional violation and the law createscreated a private right of action for certain data breaches, which is expectedbreaches. Similar laws are being considered in several other states, as well as at the federal and local levels. Additionally, several states and localities have enacted measures related to increase data breach litigation. California’s privacy laws will expand substantially effective January 1, 2023 as a result of California voters approving the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, or CPRA, in the November 2020 election. The CPRA will, among other things, restrict use of certain categories of sensitive personal information; further restrict the use of cross-contextual advertising techniques; establish restrictions onartificial intelligence and machine learning in products and services. If we become subject to additional data privacy laws, the retentionrisk of enforcement action against us could increase.
Worldwide regulatory authorities are also considering and have approved various legislative proposals concerning data protection. The European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, and the United Kingdom similarly adopted the U.K. GDPR, governing the strict handling of personal information; expanddata of persons within the typesEuropean Economic Area, or EEA, and the United Kingdom, respectively, including its use and protection and the ability of persons whose data breachesis stored to access, correct, and delete such data about themselves. If we are found not to comply, we could be subject to penalties of up to €20 million or 4% of worldwide revenue, whichever is greater, and classes of individuals or consumer protection organizations may initiate litigation related to our processing of their personal data. Furthermore, the private rightEU AI Act could impose onerous obligations that may disproportionately impact and disadvantage us and require us to change our business practices.
In the ordinary course of action;business, we may transfer personal data from Europe, China, and establishother jurisdictions to the California Privacy Protection AgencyUnited States or other countries. Certain jurisdictions have enacted data localization laws and cross-border personal data transfer laws. For example, the GDPR generally restricts the transfer of personal data to implement and enforcecountries outside of the new law,EEA. The European Commission released a set of “Standard Contractual Clauses” designed for entities to validly transfer personal data out of the EEA to jurisdictions that the European Commission has not found to provide an adequate level of protection, including the United States. Additionally, the U.K.’s International Data Transfer Agreement / Addendum, as well as impose administrative fines. Since the enactmentEU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework and the U.K. extension thereto (which allows for transfers to relevant U.S.-based organizations who self-certify compliance and participate in the Framework) are mechanisms that may be used to transfer personal data from the EEA and U.K. to the United States. However, these mechanisms are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that we can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal data to the United States. Other jurisdictions have enacted or are considering similar cross-border personal data transfer laws and local personal data residency laws, any of which would increase the CCPA, more than halfcost and complexity of doing business and could result in fines from regulators. For example, China’s law imposes various requirements relating to data processing and data localization. Data broadly defined as important under China’s law, including personal data, may not be transferable outside of China without prior assessment and approval by the statesCyberspace Administration of China, or CAC. Compliance with these requirements, including CAC assessments and any deemed failures of such assessments, could cause us to incur liability, prevent us from using data collected in China or impact our ability to transfer data outside of China. The inability to import personal data to the United States could significantly and negatively impact our business operations, limit our ability to collaborate with parties that are subject to European, China and other data privacy and security laws, or require us to increase our personal data processing capabilities in Europe and/or elsewhere at significant expense. Some European regulators have prevented companies from transferring personal data out of Europe for allegedly violating the GDPR’s cross-border data transfer limitations, which could negatively impact our business.
We may also be bound by contractual obligations related to data privacy and security, and our efforts to comply with such obligations may not be successful or may be claimed to be non-compliant. For example, certain privacy laws, such as the GDPR and the United States Congress have considered proposedCCPA, require our customers to impose specific contractual restrictions on their service providers. We sometimes host personal data in collaboration with our customers, and if a breach exposed or altered that personal data, it could harm those customer relationships and subject us to litigation, regulatory action, or fines. We publish privacy legislation, reflecting a trend toward more stringentpolicies, marketing materials and other statements, such as compliance with certain certifications or self-regulatory principles, regarding data privacy legislationand security. If these policies, materials or statements are found to be deficient, lacking in the United States.transparency, deceptive, unfair or misrepresentative of our practices, we may be subject to investigation, enforcement actions by regulators or other adverse consequences.
The interpretation and application
Data protection laws inaround the United States, Europe and elsewhereworld are often uncertain and fluid,quickly changing and may be interpreted and applied in an increasingly stringent fashion and in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices. These obligations may affect our product design and necessitate changes to our information technologies, systems and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal data on our behalf. Despite our efforts, we or third parties we rely upon may fail to comply with such obligations. If so, we may be orderedfail, or are perceived to change ourhave failed, to address or comply with data practicesprivacy and security obligations, we could face significant consequences, including but not limited to, government enforcement actions, litigation, additional reporting requirements and/or be fined. Complying withoversight, bans on processing personal data, and orders to destroy or not use personal data. Any of these changing laws has caused, and could continue to cause, us to incur substantial costs, whichevents could have ana material adverse effect on our reputation, business, and results of operations. Further, failure to comply with existing or new rules may result in significant penalties or orders to stop the alleged noncompliant activity.financial condition.
We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities and our operating results may be adversely impacted by changes in tax laws, higher than expected tax rates.rates and other tax-related factors.
As a multinational corporation, weWe are subject to complex income taxestax laws and regulations, as well as non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property and goods and servicesnon-income-based taxes, in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and international tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of revenue and expenses in different jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities in different jurisdictions. For example, we are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for our fiscal years 2018 and 2019 and under audit in the United Kingdom, Germany, Israel and India. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, tax authorities may
disagree with certain positions we have taken, and any adverse outcome of such a review or audit could increase our worldwide effective tax rate, increase the amount of non-income taxes imposed on our business, and harm our financial position, results of operations, net income, and cash flows.
Further, changes in United States federal, and state or international tax laws applicable to multinational corporations or their interpretation by tax authorities in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions could increase our future tax liability or cause other fundamental law changesadverse tax impacts, which may materially impact our results of operations, or the way we conduct our business. Most of our income is taxable in the United States, with a significant portion qualifying for preferential treatment as foreign-derived intangible income, or FDII. If U.S. tax expenserates increase or the FDII deduction is reduced, our provision for income taxes, results of operations, net income and cash flows would be adversely affected. In addition, changes in the tax laws of foreign jurisdictions could arise as we experienced in fiscal year 2018 with the passagea result of global implementation of the TCJA.Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and Pillar Two Model Rules announced by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. These and other changes in the foreign tax laws, as adopted by countries, may increase tax uncertainty and adversely affect our provision for income taxes, results of operations, and financial condition.
Our future effective tax rate may also be affected by sucha variety of factors, as changes in tax laws,including changes in our business or statutory rates, changesthe mix of earnings in jurisdictions in which our profits are determined to be earned and taxed, changes incountries with differing statutory tax rates, available tax incentives, credits and deductions, the resolutionexpiration of issues arising from tax audits,statutes of limitations, changes in United States generally accepted accounting principles, adjustments to income taxes upon finalization of tax returns, increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, changes in the valuationestimates of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and in deferred tax asset valuation allowances, changing interpretation of existing laws or regulations, the impact of accounting for stock-based compensation and the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies within the income tax provision in the period in which they occur, the impact of accounting for business combinations, shifts in the amount of earnings in the United States compared with other regions in the world and overall levels of income before tax,as well as changes in the domestic or international organization of our business and structure, as well asstructure. Furthermore, the expirationtax effects of statute of limitationsaccounting for stock-based compensation and settlements of audits. Any changesvolatility in our stock price may significantly impact our effective tax rate in the period in which they occur. A decline in our stock price may reduceresult in reduced future tax benefits from stock-based compensation, increase our net income.effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial results.
Our business is exposed to the risks associated with litigation, investigations and regulatory proceedings.
We currently and may in the futurewill likely continue to face legal, administrative and regulatory proceedings, claims, demands and/or investigations involving shareholder, consumer, competition and/or other issues relating to our business on a global basis.business. For example, we are currently defending ourselves in a shareholdersecurities class action lawsuit claimingfrom multiple shareholders asserting claims that we and certain of our officers made false and/or misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand in 2017 and 2018. In addition, multiple stockholders, purporting to act on our behalf, filed derivative lawsuits seeking to assert claims on our behalf against the members of our board of directors and certain officers based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand.
Litigation and regulatory proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse rulings could occur, including monetary damages or fines, or an injunction stopping us from manufacturing or selling certain products, engaging in certain business practices, or requiring other remedies, such as compulsory licensing of patents. An unfavorable outcome or settlement may result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position, and overall trends. In addition, regardlessimpact. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can be costly, time-consuming, and disruptive to our operations.
In addition,Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial position and cash flows from operations, and prevent us from implementing our strategy or fulfilling our contractual obligations.
As of January 28, 2024, we had net outstanding a total of $9.7 billion in notes due by 2060. As each series of senior notes matures, unless redeemed or repurchased, we must repay or refinance the lawsnotes. If we decide to refinance, we may receive less favorable terms, or we may be unable to refinance at all, which may adversely affect our financial condition. We also have a $575 million commercial paper program.
Maintenance of our current and regulationsfuture indebtedness and contractual restrictions could cause us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations towards debt service obligations and principal repayments; increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions; limit our flexibility regarding changes in our business is subjectand our industry; impair our ability to are complexobtain future financing; and restrict our ability to grant liens on property, enter into certain mergers, dispose of our assets, or materially change frequently. We may be required to incur significant expenseour business.
Our ability to comply with changesthe covenants in our indenture may be affected by events beyond our control. If we breach any of the covenants without a waiver from the note holders or remedy violationslenders, then any outstanding indebtedness may be declared
immediately due and regulations.payable. Changes to our credit rating may negatively impact the value and liquidity of our securities, restrict our ability to obtain future financing and affect the terms of any such financing.
Delaware law and provisions in our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and our agreement with Microsoft Corporation could delay or prevent a change in control.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and theThe anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engagingcontrol. Provisions in a business combination with an interested shareholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested shareholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing shareholders. In addition, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. These provisions include the following:
•the ability of our Board of Directors to create and issue preferred stock, change the number of directors, and to make, amend or repeal our bylaws without prior shareholder approval;
•the prohibitioninability of shareholder actionour shareholders to act by written consent;
•consent or call special meetings; advance notice requirements for director nominations and shareholder proposals;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease the number of directors without shareholder approval;
• and a super-majority voting requirement to amend some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;
•the inability ofbylaws. Under our shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders; and
•the ability of our Board of Directors to make, amend or repeal our bylaws.
On March 5, 2000, we entered into an agreement with Microsoft in which we agreed to develop and sell graphics chips and to license certain technology to Microsoft and its licensees for use in the Xbox. Under the agreement,Xbox, if an individual or corporationsomeone makes an offer to purchase shares equal to or greater thanat least 30% of theour outstanding shares of our common stock, Microsoft may have first and last rights of refusal to purchase the stock. The Microsoft provision and the other factors listed aboveThese provisions could also delay or prevent a change in control of NVIDIA. These provisions could alsoNVIDIA, discourage proxy contests, and make it more difficult for shareholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial position and prevent us from implementing our strategy or fulfilling our contractual obligations.
In March 2020, we issued $1.50 billion of the 2.85% Notes Due 2030, $1.00 billion of the 3.50% Notes Due 2040, $2.00 billion of the 3.50% Notes Due 2050, and $500 million of the 3.70% Notes Due 2060, or collectively, the March 2020 Notes. In September 2016, we issued $1.00 billion of the 2.20% Notes Due 2021 and $1.00 billion of the 3.20% Notes Due 2026, or collectively, the September 2016 Notes.
Our indebtedness may limit our ability to use our cash flow or borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate and other purposes. Additionally, our obligation to make payments related to the Notes could impact our cash balance and limit our ability to use our cash for our capital return program and our other liquidity needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments and other general corporate purposes.
ITEMItem 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSUnresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Risk management and strategy
We have in place certain infrastructure, systems, policies, and procedures that are designed to proactively and reactively address circumstances that arise when unexpected events such as a cybersecurity incident occur. These include processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our information security management program generally follows processes outlined in frameworks such as the ISO 27001 international standard for Information Security and we evaluate and evolve our security measures as appropriate. We consult with external parties, such as cybersecurity firms and risk management and governance experts, on risk management and strategy.
Identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management systems and processes, and we have in place cybersecurity and data privacy training and policies designed to (a) respond to new requirements in global privacy laws and (b) prevent, detect, respond to, mitigate and recover from identified and significant cybersecurity threats.
We also have a vendor risk assessment process consisting of the distribution and review of supplier questionnaires designed to help us evaluate cybersecurity risks that we may encounter when working with third parties that have access to confidential and other sensitive company information. We take steps designed to ensure that such vendors have implemented data privacy and security controls that help mitigate the cybersecurity risks associated with these vendors. We routinely assess our high-risk suppliers’ conformance to industry standards (e.g., ISO 27001, ISO 28001, and C-TPAT), and we evaluate them for additional information, product, and physical security requirements.
Refer to “Item 1A. Risk factors” in this annual report on Form 10-K for additional information about cybersecurity-related risks.
Governance
Information security matters, including managing and assessing risks from cybersecurity threats, remain under the oversight of the Company’s Board of Directors, or the Board. The Audit Committee of the Board, or the Audit Committee, also reviews the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s information security policies and practices and the internal controls regarding information security risks. The Audit Committee receives regular information security updates from management, including our Chief Security Officer and members of our security team. The Board also receives annual reports on information security matters from our Chief Security Officer and members of our security team.
Our security efforts are managed by a team of executive cybersecurity, IT, engineering, operations, and legal professionals. We have established a cross-functional leadership team, consisting of executive-level leaders, that meets regularly to review cybersecurity matters and evaluate emerging threats. With oversight and guidance provided by the cross-functional leadership team, our information security teams refine our practices to address emerging security risks and changes in regulations. Our executive-level leadership team also participates in cybersecurity incident response efforts by engaging with the incident response team and helping direct the company’s response to and assessment of certain cybersecurity incidents.
We have designated a Chief Security Officer that reports to our Senior Vice President of Software Engineering to manage our assessment and management of material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Chief Security Officer’s cybersecurity expertise includes over 17 years of combined government and private sector assignments.
ITEMItem 2. PROPERTIESProperties
Our headquarters complex is located in Santa Clara, California. It includes ten leased commercial buildings totaling 1,019,887We own and lease approximately 3 million square feet of office and real property that we own totaling 720,046square feet. Our owned property consists of two commercial buildings and a building under construction. The construction is targetedspace for completion in fiscal year 2023.our corporate headquarters. In addition, we also lease data center space in Santa Clara, California.
Outside of Santa Clara, California, we We also own and lease facilities in a number of regional facilities in other U.S. locations that are used asfor data centers, research and development, centers and/or sales and administrative offices. Outside ofpurposes throughout the United States, we own a building in Hyderabad, India, that is being used primarily as a researchU.S. and development center. We also lease facilities in various international locations, that are used as research and development centers and/or sales and administrative offices. These leased facilities are located primarily in Asia, Europe,China, India, Israel, and Israel. In addition, we also lease data center space in various locations around the world.
Taiwan. We believe that we currently have sufficientour existing facilities, to conduct our operationsboth owned and leased, are in good condition and suitable for the next twelve months.conduct of our business. We do not identify or allocate assets by operating segment. For additional information regarding obligations under leases, refer to Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is hereby incorporated by reference.
ITEMItem 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSLegal Proceedings
Please see Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of our legal proceedings.
ITEMItem 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESMine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
PARTPart II
ITEMItem 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESMarket for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol NVDA. Public trading of our common stock began on January 22, 1999. Prior to that, there was no public market for our common stock. As of February 19, 2021,16, 2024, we had approximately 303382 registered shareholders, not including those shares held in street or nominee name.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
BeginningIn August 2004,2023, our Board of Directors authorized usapproved an increase to repurchase our stock.
Since the inception of our share repurchase program of an additional $25.0 billion, without expiration. During fiscal year 2024, we have repurchased an aggregate of 26021 million shares of our common stock for a total cost$9.7 billion. As of $7.08 billion through January 31, 2021. All28, 2024, we were authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase additional shares delivered from these repurchases have been placed into treasury stock.of our common stock up to $22.5 billion.
The repurchases can be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or in structured share repurchase programs, and can be made in one or more larger repurchases, in compliance with Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, as amended, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. The program does not obligate NVIDIA to acquire any particular amount of common stock and the program may be suspended at any time at our discretion.
In fiscal year 2021,2024, we paid $395 million in quarterly cash dividends. AsOur cash dividend program and the payment of January 31, 2021, wefuture cash dividends under that program are authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase sharesour Board of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our common stock up to $7.24 billion through December 2022. We did notshareholders.
The following table presents details of our share repurchase any sharestransactions during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021.2024:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Period | | Total Number
of Shares Purchased
(In millions) | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (In millions) | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (In billions) |
| October 30, 2023 - November 26, 2023 | | 0.9 | | | $ | 464.39 | | | 0.9 | | | $ | 24.8 | |
| November 27, 2023 - December 24, 2023 | | 1.1 | | | $ | 477.26 | | | 1.1 | | | $ | 24.3 | |
| December 25, 2023 - January 28, 2024 | | 3.3 | | | $ | 540.85 | | | 3.3 | | | $ | 22.5 | |
| Total | | 5.3 | | | | | 5.3 | | | |
From January 29, 2024 to February 16, 2024, we repurchased 2.8 million shares for $1.9 billion pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.
Restricted Stock Unit Share Withholding
We also withhold common stock shares associated with net share settlements to cover tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock unitRSU awards under our employee equity incentive program. During fiscal year 2021,2024, we withheld
approximately 37 million shares atfor a total costvalue of $942 million$2.8 billion through net share settlements. Refer to Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion regarding our equity incentive plans.
Stock Performance Graphs
The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return for our common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and the Nasdaq 100 Index for the five years ended January 31, 2021.28, 2024. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on January 31, 201627, 2019 in our common stock and in each of the S&P 500 Index and the Nasdaq 100 Index. Our common stock is a component of each of the presented indices. Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends in each of the indices indicated. Total return is based on historical results and is not intended to indicate future performance.
*$100 invested on 1/31/1627/19 in stock and in indices, including reinvestment of dividends.
The S&P 500 index is proprietary toSource: FactSet financial data and is calculated, distributed and marketed by S&P Opco, LLC (a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC), its affiliates and/or its licensors and has been licensed for use. S&P® and S&P 500®, among other famous marks, are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. © 2016 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, its affiliates and/or its licensors. All rights reserved.analytics.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1/31/2016 | | 1/29/2017 | | 1/28/2018 | | 1/27/2019 | | 1/26/2020 | | 1/31/2021 |
| NVIDIA Corporation | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 385.24 | | | $ | 841.93 | | | $ | 555.67 | | | $ | 872.49 | | | $ | 1,812.91 | |
| S&P 500 | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 120.04 | | | $ | 151.74 | | | $ | 148.23 | | | $ | 180.37 | | | $ | 211.48 | |
| Nasdaq 100 | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 121.13 | | | $ | 166.38 | | | $ | 167.14 | | | $ | 219.95 | | | $ | 318.93 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1/27/2019 | | 1/26/2020 | | 1/31/2021 | | 1/30/2022 | | 1/29/2023 | | 1/28/2024 |
| NVIDIA Corporation | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 157.02 | | | $ | 326.26 | | | $ | 574.15 | | | $ | 512.40 | | | $ | 1,536.28 | |
| S&P 500 | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 126.17 | | | $ | 144.83 | | | $ | 175.25 | | | $ | 163.63 | | | $ | 199.83 | |
| Nasdaq 100 | $ | 100.00 | | | $ | 136.15 | | | $ | 194.20 | | | $ | 218.68 | | | $ | 185.67 | | | $ | 268.13 | |
ITEMItem 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
No longer required as we have adopted certain provisions within the amendments to Regulation S-K that eliminate Item 301.[Reserved]
ITEMItem 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSManagement's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with “Item 1A. Risk Factors”, our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, before deciding to purchase, hold or sell shares of our common stock.
Overview
Our Company and Our Businesses
NVIDIA pioneered accelerated computing to help solve the most challenging computational problems. Starting with aSince our original focus on PC graphics, we extended our focus in recent yearshave expanded to the revolutionary field of AI. Fueled by the sustained demand for exceptional 3D graphicsseveral other large and the scale of the gaming market,important computationally intensive fields. NVIDIA has leveraged its GPU architecture to create platforms for virtual reality, HPC,accelerated computing, AI solutions, scientific computing, data science, AV, robotics, metaverse and AI.3D internet applications.
Through fiscal year 2020, our reportableOur two operating segments were GPU and Tegra Processor. We changed our reportable segments to "Graphics" andare "Compute & Networking" starting withand "Graphics." Refer to Note 17 of the first quarterNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of fiscal year 2021.
Our Graphics segment includes GeForce GPUsthis Annual Report on Form 10-K for gaming and PCs, the GeForce NOW game streaming service and related infrastructure, and solutions for gaming platforms; Quadro/NVIDIA RTX GPUs for enterprise workstation graphics; vGPU software for cloud-based visual and virtual computing; and automotive platforms for infotainment systems.
Our Compute & Networking segment includes Data Center platforms and systems for AI, HPC, and accelerated computing; Mellanox networking and interconnect solutions; automotive AI Cockpit, autonomous driving development agreements, and autonomous vehicle solutions; and Jetson for robotics and other embedded platforms.
All prior period comparisons presented reflect our new reportable segments. Our market platforms – Gaming, Professional Visualization, Data Center, Automotive, OEM and Other – remain unchanged.additional information.
Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, NVIDIA was incorporated in California in April 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1998.
Recent Developments, Future Objectives and Challenges
Pending Acquisition of Arm LimitedDemand and Supply, Product Transitions, and New Products and Business Models
On September 13, 2020,Demand for our data center systems and products surged in fiscal year 2024. Entering fiscal year 2025, we are gathering customer demand indications across several product transitions. We have demand visibility for our new data center products ramping later in fiscal year 2025. We have increased our supply and capacity purchases with existing suppliers, added new vendors and entered into a Purchase Agreement with Armprepaid manufacturing and SoftBankcapacity agreements. These increased purchase volumes, the number of suppliers, and the integration of new vendors into our supply chain may create more complexity and execution risk. Our purchase commitments and obligations for usinventory and manufacturing capacity at the end of fiscal year 2024 were impacted by shortening lead times for certain components. We may continue to acquire, from SoftBank, all allottedenter into new supplier and issued ordinary sharescapacity arrangements. Supply of ArmHopper architecture products is improving, and demand remains very strong. We expect our next-generation products to be supply-constrained based upon demand indications. We may incur inventory provisions or impairments if our inventory or supply or capacity commitments exceed demand for our products or demand declines.
We build finished products and maintain inventory in a transaction valued at $40 billion. We paid $2 billionadvance of anticipated demand. While we have entered into long-term supply and capacity commitments, we may not be able to secure sufficient commitments for capacity to address our business needs, or our long-term demand expectations may change. These risks may increase as we shorten our product development cycles, enter new lines of business, or integrate new suppliers or components into our supply chain, creating additional supply chain complexity.
Product transitions are complex as we often ship both new and prior architecture products simultaneously and we and our channel partners prepare to ship and support new products. Due to our product introduction cycles, we are almost always in cash at signing, orvarious stages of transitioning the Signing Consideration, and will pay upon closing of the acquisition $10 billion in cash and issue to SoftBank 44.3 million sharesarchitecture of our common stock with an aggregate value of $21.5 billion. The transaction includes a potential earn out, which is contingent on the achievement of certain financial performance targets by Arm during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022. If the financial performance targets are achieved, Softbank can elect to receive either up to an additional $5 billion in cash or up to an additional 10.3 million shares of our common stock.Data Center, Professional Visualization, and Gaming products. We will issue uphave a broader and faster Data Center product launch cadence to $1.5 billion in restricted stock units to Arm employees after closing.meet a growing and diverse set of AI opportunities. The $2 billion paid upon signing was allocated between advanced consideration forincreased frequency of these transitions may magnify the acquisition of $1.36 billion and the prepayment of intellectual property licenses from Arm of $0.17 billion and royalties of $0.47 billion, bothchallenges associated with a 20-year term. The closing of the acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of specified governmental and regulatory consents and approvals and expiration of any related mandatory waiting period, and Arm's implementation of the reorganization and distribution of Arm’s IoT Services Group and certain other assets and liabilities. We are engaged with regulators in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, China and other jurisdictions. If the Purchase Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, we will be refunded $1.25 billion of the Signing Consideration. The $2 billion payment upon signing was allocated on a fair value basis and any refund of the Signing Consideration will use stated values in the Purchase Agreement. We believe the closing of the acquisition will likely occur in the first quarter of calendar year 2022.
Demand
Our products are manufactured based on estimates of customers’ future demand andmanaging our manufacturing lead times are very long. This could lead to a significant mismatch between supply and demand giving risedue to manufacturing lead times. Qualification time for new products, customers anticipating product shortagestransitions and channel partners reducing channel inventory of prior architectures ahead of new product introductions can create reductions or excessvolatility in our revenue. The increasing frequency and complexity of newly introduced products could result in quality or production issues that could increase inventory and make our demand forecast more uncertain. We sell manyprovisions, warranty or other costs or result in product delays. Deployment of new products to customers creates additional challenges due to the complexity of our technologies, which has impacted and may in the future impact the timing of customer purchases or otherwise impact our demand. While we have managed prior product transitions and have previously sold multiple product architectures at the same time, these transitions are difficult, may impair our ability to predict demand and impact our supply mix, and we may incur additional costs.
We build technology and introduce products through a channel model,for new and innovative use cases and applications such as our channel customers sellNVIDIA DGX Cloud services, Omniverse platform, LLMs, and generative AI models. Our demand estimates for new use cases, applications, and services can be incorrect and create volatility in our revenue or supply levels, and we may not be able to retailers, distributors, and/or end customers. As a result,generate significant revenue from these use cases, applications, and services. Recent technologies, such as generative AI models, have emerged, and while they have driven increased demand for Data Center, the decisions madelong-term trajectory is unknown.
byGlobal Trade
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, the USG, announced licensing requirements that, with certain exceptions, impact exports to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) and Russia of our channel partners, retailers,A100 and distributorsH100 integrated circuits, DGX or any other systems or boards which incorporate A100 or H100 integrated circuits.
In July 2023, the USG informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in response to changing market conditionsthe Middle East.
In October 2023, the USG announced new and the changing demand for our products could impact our financial results. In order to have shorter shipment lead times and quicker delivery schedules for our customers, we may build inventory for anticipated periods of growth which do not occur, may build inventory anticipating demandupdated licensing requirements that does not materialize, or may build inventory to serve what we believe is pent-up demand. In periods with limited availability of capacity and componentsbecame effective in our supply chain, we may place non-cancellable inventory orders significantly in advancefourth quarter of our normal lead times, pay premiums or provide depositsfiscal year 2024 for exports to secure normalChina and incremental future supply, which could negatively impact our financial results. Demand for our products is based on many factors, including our product introductionsCountry Groups D1, D4, and transitions, competitor announcements, and competing technologies, all of which can impact the timing and amount of our revenue. For example, our GPUs for gaming are capable of digital currency mining. Demand and use of GPUs for cryptocurrency has fluctuated in the past and is likely to continue to change quickly. Volatility in the cryptocurrency market, including changes in the prices of cryptocurrencies, can impact demand for our products and our ability to estimate demand for our products. Changes to cryptocurrency standards and processes including,D5 (including but not limited to Saudi Arabia, the pending Ethereum 2.0 standard may also create increased aftermarket resalesUnited Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, but excluding Israel) of our GPUsproducts exceeding certain performance thresholds, including A100, A800, H100, H800, L4, L40, L40S and RTX 4090. The licensing requirements also apply to the export of products exceeding certain performance thresholds to a party headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D5, including China. On October 23, 2023, the USG informed us the licensing requirements were effective immediately for shipments of our A100, A800, H100, H800, and L40S products. Our sales to China decreased as a percentage of total Data Center revenue from 19% in fiscal year 2023 to 14% in fiscal year 2024.
We have not received licenses to ship these restricted products to China. We are working to expand our Data Center product portfolio to offer new solutions, including those for which the USG does not require a license or advance notice before each shipment. We have started to ship alternatives to the China market in small volumes. China represented a mid-single digit percentage of our Data Center revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 due to USG licensing requirements and we expect China to be in a similar range in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. To the extent that a customer requires products covered by the licensing requirements, we may seek a license for the customer but have no assurance that the USG will grant such a license, or that the USG will act on the license application in a timely manner or at all.
Our competitive position has been harmed, and our competitive position and future results may be further harmed in the long term, if there are further changes in the USG’s export controls. Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may reduce demand for our new GPUs. Additionally, consumer behavior duringagain change the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increased demand for our Gaming, Data Centerexport control rules at any time and mobile workstation and laptop products and suppressed corporate demand for desktop workstations, has made it more difficult for us to estimate future demand, and these challenges may be more pronounced in the future if and when the effects of the pandemic subside. In estimating demand and evaluating trends, we make multiple assumptions, any of which may prove to be incorrect.
COVID-19
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is prompting governments and businesses to take unprecedented measures including restrictions on travel, temporary business closures, quarantines and shelter-in-place orders. It has significantly impacted global economic activity and caused volatility and disruption in global financial markets. Since March 2020, mostfurther subject a wider range of our employees have been working remotelyproducts to export restrictions and we have temporarily prohibited most business travel.
Our Gaming and Data Center market platforms have benefited from stronger demand as people continue to work, learn, and play from home. In Professional Visualization, mobile workstations continue to benefit from work-from-home trends, and desktop workstation demand has started to recover, although not back to pre-COVID levels. In Automotive, COVID is no longer having a significant impact on demand. Throughout our supply chain, stronger demand globally has limited the availability of capacity and components, particularly in Gaming.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the timing and overall demand from customers and the availability of supply chain, logistical services and component supply may have a material net negative impact onlicensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements, effectively excluding us from all or part of the China market, as well as other impacted markets, including the Middle East.
While we work to enhance the resiliency and redundancy of our supply chain, which is currently concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, new and existing export controls or changes to existing export controls could limit alternative manufacturing locations and negatively impact our business. Refer to Part I, Item 1A“Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Regulatory, Legal, Our Stock and Other Matters” for a discussion of this Annual Reportpotential impact.
Macroeconomic Factors
Macroeconomic factors, including inflation, increased interest rates, capital market volatility, global supply chain constraints and global economic and geopolitical developments, may have direct and indirect impacts on Form 10-Kour results of operations, particularly demand for additional information underour products. While difficult to isolate and quantify, these macroeconomic factors can also impact our supply chain and manufacturing costs, employee wages, costs for capital equipment and value of our investments. Our product and solution pricing generally does not fluctuate with short-term changes in our costs. Within our supply chain, we continuously manage product availability and costs with our vendors.
Israel and Hamas Conflict
We are monitoring the heading “Risk Factors”.
impact of the geopolitical conflict in and around Israel on our operations, including the health and safety of our approximately 3,700 employees in the region who primarily support the research and development, operations, and sales and marketing of our networking products. Our operating expenses in fiscal year 2024 include expenses for financial support to impacted employees and charitable activity. We believe our existing balancesglobal supply chain for our networking products has not experienced any significant impact. Further, in connection with the conflict, a substantial number of cash, cash equivalentsour employees in the region have been called-up for active military duty in Israel. Accordingly, some of our employees in Israel have been absent for an extended period and marketable securities, along with commercial paperthey or others may continue to be absent, which may cause disruption to our product development or operations. We did not experience any significant impact or expense to our business; however, if the conflict is further extended, it could impact future product development, operations, and revenue or create other short-term liquidity arrangements, will be sufficient to satisfy its working capital needs, capital asset purchases, dividends, debt repayments and other liquidity requirements associated with its existing operations.
Fiscal Year 2021 Summary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Change |
| | | | | |
| ($ in millions, except per share data) |
| Revenue | $ | 16,675 | | | $ | 10,918 | | | Up 53% |
| Gross margin | 62.3 | % | | 62.0 | % | | Up 30 bps |
| Operating expenses | $ | 5,864 | | | $ | 3,922 | | | Up 50% |
| Income from operations | $ | 4,532 | | | $ | 2,846 | | | Up 59% |
| Net income | $ | 4,332 | | | $ | 2,796 | | | Up 55% |
| Net income per diluted share | $ | 6.90 | | | $ | 4.52 | | | Up 53% |
Revenueuncertainty for fiscal year 2021 was $16.68 billion, up 53% from a year earlier.our business.
FromFiscal Year 2024 Summary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Change |
| | | | | |
| ($ in millions, except per share data) |
| Revenue | $ | 60,922 | | | $ | 26,974 | | | Up 126% |
| Gross margin | 72.7 | % | | 56.9 | % | | Up 15.8 pts |
| Operating expenses | $ | 11,329 | | | $ | 11,132 | | | Up 2% |
| Operating income | $ | 32,972 | | | $ | 4,224 | | | Up 681% |
| Net income | $ | 29,760 | | | $ | 4,368 | | | Up 581% |
| Net income per diluted share | $ | 11.93 | | | $ | 1.74 | | | Up 586% |
We specialize in markets where our computing platforms can provide tremendous acceleration for applications. These platforms incorporate processors, interconnects, software, algorithms, systems, and services to deliver unique value. Our platforms address four large markets where our expertise is critical: Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization, and Automotive.
Revenue for fiscal year 2024 was $60.9 billion, up 126% from a market-platform perspective, Gamingyear ago.
Data Center revenue for fiscal year 2024 was up 217%. Strong demand was driven by enterprise software and consumer internet applications, and multiple industry verticals including automotive, financial services, and healthcare. Customers across industry verticals access NVIDIA AI infrastructure both through the cloud and on-premises. Data Center compute revenue was up 41%244% in the fiscal year. Networking revenue was up 133% in the fiscal year.
Gaming revenue for fiscal year 2024 was up 15%. The increase reflects higher sell-in to partners following the normalization of channel inventory levels and growing demand.
Professional Visualization revenue for fiscal year 2024 was up 1%.
Automotive revenue for the fiscal year 2024 was up 21%. The increase primarily reflected growth in self-driving platforms.
Gross margin increased in fiscal year 2024, primarily driven by Data Center revenue growth and lower net inventory provisions as a percentage of revenue.
Operating expenses increased for fiscal year 2024, driven by growth in employees and compensation increases. Fiscal year 2023 also included a $1.4 billion acquisition termination charge related to the proposed Arm transaction.
Market Platform Highlights
Data Center revenue for fiscal year 2024 was $47.5 billion, up 217% from afiscal year ago, reflecting higher sales across desktop2023. In Data Center, we launched AI inference platforms that combine our full-stack inference software with NVIDIA Ada, NVIDIA Hopper and laptop GPUsNVIDIA Grace Hopper processors optimized for gaming,generative AI, LLMs and game-console SOCs. GPUsother AI workloads. We introduced NVIDIA DGX Cloud and AI Foundations to help businesses create and operate custom large language models and generative AI models. As AV algorithms move to video transformers, and more cars are equipped with cameras, we expect NVIDIA’s automotive data center processing demand to grow significantly. We estimate that in fiscal year 2024, approximately 40% of Data Center revenue was for gaming benefited fromAI inference. In the rampfourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, large cloud providers represented more than half of our Data Center revenue, supporting both internal workloads and external customers. We announced NVIDIA Spectrum-X, an accelerated networking platform for AI.
Gaming revenue for fiscal year 2024 was $10.4 billion, up 15% from fiscal year 2023. In Gaming, we launched the GeForce RTX 30 Series4060 and 4070 GPUs based on the NVIDIA AmpereAda Lovelace architecture. We announced NVIDIA Avatar Cloud Engine for Games, a custom AI model foundry service using AI-powered natural language interactions to transform games and launched DLSS 3.5 Ray Reconstruction. Additionally, we released TensorRT-LLM for Windows and launched GeForce RTX 40-Series SUPER GPUs. Gaming reached a milestone of 500 AI-powered RTX games and applications utilizing NVIDIA DLSS, ray tracing and other NVIDIA RTX technologies.
Professional Visualization revenue was down 13% from a year ago due to lower sales of GPUs for desktop workstations as enterprise demand was impacted by COVID.
Data Center revenue was up 124% from a year ago. Revenue growth was driven by our Mellanox acquisition and the ramp of the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architecture. In fiscal year 2021, Mellanox revenue contributed 10% of total company revenue.
Automotive revenue was down 23% from a year earlier, reflecting lower revenue from the expected ramp down of legacy infotainment modules and autonomous driving development agreements, partially offset by increases in AI cockpit and autonomous vehicle solutions.
OEM and Other revenue was up 25% from a year ago, primarily due to higher volume of entry-level laptop GPUs.
Gross margin for fiscal year 20212024 was $1.6 billion, up 30 basis points1% from a year ago, primarily driven by product mix with higher Data Center and lower Automotive revenue, partially offset by Mellanox acquisition-related charges.
Operating expenses for fiscal year 2021 were $5.86 billion, up 50% from a year ago. The growth was influenced by the inclusion of Mellanox in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, employee additions and increases in employee compensation and related expenses. Additionally, acquisition-related and other costs of $411 million primarily include $190 million in non-recurring intangible amortization of Mellanox order backlog, $123 million in recurring amortization of Mellanox intangible assets, and $40 million related to the pending acquisition of Arm.
Income from operations for fiscal year 2021 was $4.53 billion, up 59% from a year earlier. Net income and net income per diluted share for fiscal year 2021 were $4.33 billion and $6.90, up 55% and 53%, respectively, from a year earlier.
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were $11.56 billion as of January 31, 2021, compared with $10.90 billion as of January 26, 2020. The increase primarily reflects the issuance of the $5 billion of notes in March 2020 and cash-flow generation, partially offset by acquisitions.
We paid $395 million in quarterly cash dividends in fiscal year 2021.
Market Platform Highlights
During fiscal year 2021, in our Gaming platform,2023. In Professional Visualization, we announced the launch of new laptop models powered by NVIDIA GeForce GPUs; unveiled GeForce RTX 30 Series GPUs including our second generation NVIDIA RTX; expanded NVIDIA GeForce NOW; announced that a range of games now support NVIDIA RTX ray tracing and DLSS AI super resolution; unveiled NVIDIA Reflex and NVIDIA Broadcast; expanded the RTX Studio lineup powered by new GeForce RTX SUPER GPUs; and released DLSS 2.0.
In our Professional Visualization platform, we launched mobile workstations with Acer, Dell, HP, Lenovo and Microsoft based on NVIDIA Quadro graphics for professional creators; released NVIDIA Quadro View; collaborated with Adobe to bring GPU-accelerated neural filters to Adobe Photoshop AI-powered tools; powered Autodesk’s latest 3D visualization software with NVIDIA Quadro RTX; and collaborated with many other independent software vendors to help incorporate NVIDIA RTX and AI technology in their applications.
In our Data Center platform, we announced the NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU and DGX A100, the first products based on the NVIDIA Ampere architecture;RTX Ada Lovelace architecture, and announced more than 50 NVIDIA A100-powered systems with OEM partners and released NVIDIA-Certified Systems with NVIDIA A100 GPUs to OEMs; shared news that major cloud providers, including GoogleOmniverse Cloud, Platform, AWS,a fully managed service running in Microsoft Azure, and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, reached general availability of cloud computing instances based on the NVIDIA A100 GPU; announced the NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD Solution for Enterprise; introduced the new family of NVIDIA BlueField-2 DPUs; introduced new products for the EGX Edge AI platform;development and deployment of industrial metaverse applications.
Automotive revenue for fiscal year 2024 was $1.1 billion, up 21% from fiscal year 2023. In Automotive, we announced a broad partnership with VMware to create an end-to-end enterprise platformMediaTek, which will develop mainstream automotive systems on chips for global OEMs integrating a new NVIDIA GPU chiplet IP for AI and a new architecture for data center, cloud and edge; powered eight of the top 10, and two-thirds of the total systems, on the latest TOP500 list of the world’s fastest supercomputers; announced that five supercomputers backed by EuroHPC will use NVIDIA’s data center accelerators or networking; and set 16 AI performance records on the latest MLPerf benchmarks.
Ingraphics. We furthered our Automotive platform, we announcedcollaboration with Mercedes-Benz that the automaker will launch software-defined, intelligent vehicles using end-to-end NVIDIA technology starting in 2024; announced that NVIDIA DRIVE autonomousFoxconn to develop next-generation
driving technology is powering a range of electric vehicles, from carmakers SAIC, Nio,and announced further adoption of NVIDIA DRIVE platform with BYD, XPENG, GWM, Li Auto, Xpeng, robotaxi-maker Zoox,ZEEKR and cabless truck-maker Einride; announced that NVIDIA is powering the new Mercedes-Benz AI cockpit in the first half of 2021; announced that Hyundai Motor Group’s entire lineup of Hyundai, Kia and Genesis models will come standard with NVIDIA DRIVE in-vehicle infotainment systems starting in 2022; and expanded the NVIDIA DRIVE sensor ecosystem with new solutions.Xiaomi.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon ourOur consolidated financial statements which have beenare prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, cost of revenue, expenses and related disclosure of contingencies. On an on-going basis, we evaluateCritical accounting estimates are those estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We have critical accounting estimates including those related to business combinations,in the areas of inventories, revenue recognition, and income taxes, and goodwill. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believedtaxes. Refer to be reasonable underNote 1 of the circumstances,Notes to the resultsConsolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Our management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. The Audit Committee has reviewed our disclosures relating to our critical accounting policies and estimates in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Business Combinations
The application10-K for a summary of acquisitionsignificant accounting to a business acquisition requires that we identify the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed and estimate the fair value of each. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business acquisition are recognized at the acquisition date, with the purchase price exceeding the fair values being recognized as goodwill. Determining fair value of identifiable assets, particularly intangibles, liabilities acquired and contingent obligations assumed requires management to make estimates. In certain circumstances, the allocations of the purchase price are based upon preliminary estimates and assumptions and subject to revision when we receive final information, including appraisals and other analyses. Accordingly, the measurement period for such purchase price allocations will end when the information, or the facts and circumstances, becomes available, but will not exceed twelve months. We will recognize measurement-period adjustments during the period of resolution, including the effect on earnings of any amounts that would have been recorded in previous periods if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.
Goodwill and intangible assets often represent a significant portion of the assets acquired in a business combination. We recognize the fair value of an acquired intangible apart from goodwill whenever the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, or when it can be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Intangible assets consist primarily of technology, customer relationships, order backlog and trade name acquired in a business combination and in-process research and development, or IPR&D. We generally assess the estimated fair values of acquired intangibles using a combination of valuation techniques. To estimate fair value, we are required to make certain estimates and assumptions, including future economic and market conditions, revenue growth, technology migration curve, and risk-adjusted discount rates. Our estimates require significant judgment and are based on historical data, various internal estimates, and external sources. Our assessment of IPR&D also includes consideration of the risk of the projects not achieving technological feasibility.policies.
Inventories
Inventory cost is computed on an adjusted standard basis, which approximates actual cost on an average or first-in, first-out basis. We charge cost of sales for inventory provisions to write-down our inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value or for obsolete or excess inventory.inventory, and for excess product purchase commitments. Most of our inventory provisions relate to excess quantities of products or components, based on our inventory levels and future product purchase commitments compared to assumptions about future demand and market conditions.conditions, which requires management judgment.
Situations that may result in excess or obsolete inventory or excess product purchase commitments include changes in business and economic conditions, changes in market conditions, sudden and significant decreases in demand for our products, inventory obsolescence because of changing technology and customer requirements, new product introductions resulting in less demand for existing products or inconsistent spikes in demand, failure to estimate customer demand properly, or
unexpectedhistorical lead-times, government regulations and the impact of changes in future demand, or increase in demand for competitive pricing actions by our competition. In addition, cancellationproducts, including competitive actions. Cancellation or deferral of customer purchase orders could result in our holding excess inventory.
The overall net effect on our gross margin from inventory provisions and sales of items previously written down was insignificantan unfavorable impact of 2.7% in fiscal years 2021year 2024 and 2020. As a fabless semiconductor company, we must make7.5% in fiscal year 2023. Our inventory and capacity purchase commitments to purchase inventoryare based on forecasts of future customer demand. In doing so, we mustWe account for our third-party manufacturers' lead times and constraints. Our manufacturing lead times can be and have been long, and in some cases, extended beyond twelve months for some products. We may place non-cancellable inventory orders for certain product components in advance of our historical lead times, pay premiums and provide deposits to secure future supply and capacity. We also adjust to other market factors, such as product offerings and pricing actions by our competitors, new product transitions, and macroeconomic conditions - all of which may impact demand for our products.
Refer to the Gross Profit and Gross Margin discussion below in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for further discussion.
Revenue Recognition
We derive our revenue from product sales, including hardware and systems, license and development arrangements, and software licensing. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract (where revenue is allocated on a relative standalone selling price basis by maximizing the use of observable inputs to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation); and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Product Sales Revenue
Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Certain products are sold along with support or extended warranty. Support and extended warranty revenue is recognized ratably over the service period, or as services are performed. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns, customer programs and any taxes collected from customers.
For products sold with a right of return, we record a reduction to revenue by establishing a sales return allowance for estimated product returns at the time revenue is recognized, based primarily on historical return rates. However, if product returns for a fiscal period are anticipated to exceed historical return rates, we may determine that additional sales return allowances are required to properly reflect our estimated exposure for product returns.
Our customer programs involve rebates, which are designed to serve as sales incentives to resellers of our products in various target markets, and marketing development funds, or MDFs, which represent monies paid to our partners that are earmarked for market segment development and are designed to support our partners’ activities while also promoting NVIDIA products. We account for customer programs as a reduction to revenue and accrue for potential rebates and MDFs based on the amount we expect to be claimed by customers.
License and Development Arrangements
Our license and development arrangements with customers typically require significant customization of our intellectual property components. As a result, we recognize the revenue from the license and the revenue from the development services as a single performance obligation over the period in which the development services are performed. We measure progress to completion based on actual cost incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total cost required to complete each project. If a loss on an arrangement becomes probable during a period, we record a provision for such loss in that period.
Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Income Taxes
We recognize federal, stateare subject to income taxes in the U.S. and foreign current tax liabilities or assets based on our estimate of taxes payable or refundable in the current fiscal year by tax jurisdiction. We recognize federal, state and foreign deferred tax assets or liabilities, as appropriate, for our estimate of future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards; and we record a valuation allowance to reduce any deferred tax assets by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence and judgment, are not expected to be realized.
jurisdictions. Our calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on certain estimates and judgments and involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Our estimates of deferred tax assets and liabilities may change
based, in part, on added certainty or finality to an anticipated outcome, changes in accounting standards or tax laws in the United States,U.S. or foreign jurisdictions where we operate, or changes in other facts or circumstances. In addition, we recognize liabilities for potential United StatesU.S. and foreign income tax contingencies based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes may be due. If we determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary or if the recorded tax liability is less than our current assessment, we may be required to recognize an income tax benefit or additional income tax expense in our financial statements accordingly.
As of January 31, 2021,the end of fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we had a valuation allowance of $728 million$1.6 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, related to capital loss carryforwards, and certain state and certain foreignother deferred tax assets that management determined are not likely to be realized due, in part, to jurisdictional projections of future taxable income, tax attributes usage limitation by certain jurisdictions, and potential utilization limitations of tax attributes acquired as a result of stock ownership changes.including capital gains. To the extent realization of the deferred tax assets becomes more-likely-than-not, we would recognize such deferred tax assets as an income tax benefitbenefits during the period.
We recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Allowances
For products sold with a right of return, we record a reduction to Note 14revenue by establishing a sales return allowance for estimated product returns at the time revenue is recognized, based primarily on historical return rates. However, if product returns for a fiscal period are anticipated to exceed historical return rates, we may determine that additional sales return allowances are required to reflect our estimated exposure for product returns. Return rights for certain stocking distributors for specific products are contractually limited based on a percentage of prior quarter shipments. For shipments to other customers, we do not allow returns, although we may approve returns for credit or refund based on applicable facts and circumstances.
We account for customer programs, which involve rebates and marketing development funds, as a reduction in revenue and accrue for such programs based on the Notesamount we expect to be claimed by customers. Certain customer programs include distributor price incentives or other channel programs for specific products and customer classes which require judgement as to whether the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15applicable incentives will be attained. Estimates for customer program accruals include a combination of this Annual Reporthistorical attainment and claim rates and may be adjusted based on Form 10-K for additional information.relevant internal and external factors.
GoodwillLicense and Development Arrangements
GoodwillRevenue from License and Development Arrangements is subject to our annual impairment test duringrecognized over the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or earlier, if indicators of potential impairment exist, using either a qualitative or a quantitative assessment. Our impairment review process compares the fair value of the reporting unitperiod in which the goodwill residesdevelopment services are performed. Each fiscal reporting period, we measure progress to its carrying value. completion based on actual cost incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total cost required to complete each project. Estimated total cost for each project includes a forecast of internal engineer personnel time expected to be incurred and other third-party costs as applicable.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts may contain more than one performance obligation. Judgement is required in determining whether each performance obligation within a customer contract is distinct. Except for License and Development Arrangements, NVIDIA products and services function on a standalone basis and do not require a significant amount of integration or interdependency. Therefore, multiple performance obligations contained within a customer contract are considered distinct and are not combined for revenue recognition purposes.
We changedallocate the total transaction price to each distinct performance obligation in a multiple performance obligations arrangement on a relative standalone selling price basis. In certain cases, we can establish standalone selling price based on directly observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar customers. If standalone selling price is not directly observable, such as when we do not sell a product or service separately, we determine standalone selling price based on market data and other observable inputs.
Change in Accounting Estimate
In February 2023, we assessed the useful lives of our reportable segmentsproperty, plant, and equipment. Based on advances in technology and usage rate, we increased the estimated useful life of a majority of the server, storage, and network equipment from three years to "Graphics"a range of four to five years, and "Compute & Networking" starting with the first quarterassembly and test equipment from five years to seven years. The estimated effect of this change for fiscal year 2021. As2024 was a result, our reporting units also changed, and we reassigned the goodwill balance to the new reporting units based on their relative fair values. We determined there was no goodwill impairment immediately prior to the reorganization. Asbenefit of January 31, 2021, the total carrying amount of goodwill was $4.19 billion and the amount of goodwill allocated to our Graphics and Compute & Networking reporting units was $347$33 million and $3.85 billion, respectively. Determining the fair value$102 million for cost of a reporting unit requires us to make judgmentsrevenue and involves the useoperating expenses, respectively, which resulted in an increase in operating income of significant estimates$135 million and assumptions. We also make judgmentsnet income of $114 million after tax, or $0.05 per both basic and assumptions in allocating assets and liabilities to each of our reporting units. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain.
We performed our annual goodwill assessment during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021 using a qualitative assessment and concluded there was no goodwill impairment.
Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.diluted share.
Results of Operations
A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 20212024 compared to fiscal year 20202023 is presented below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 20202023 compared to fiscal year 20192022 can be found under Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 26, 2020,29, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2020,24, 2023, which is available free of charge on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and at our investor relations website, http://investor.nvidia.com.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Income expressed as a percentage of revenue.
| | | | Year Ended | | Year Ended |
| | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| Revenue | Revenue | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | Revenue | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
| Cost of revenue | Cost of revenue | 37.7 | | | 38.0 | |
| Gross profit | Gross profit | 62.3 | | | 62.0 | |
| Operating expenses: | | |
| Operating expenses | |
| Research and development | |
| Research and development | |
| Research and development | Research and development | 23.5 | | | 25.9 | |
| Sales, general and administrative | Sales, general and administrative | 11.6 | | | 10.0 | |
| Acquisition termination cost | |
| | Total operating expenses | Total operating expenses | 35.1 | | | 35.9 | |
| Income from operations | 27.2 | | | 26.1 | |
| Total operating expenses | |
| Total operating expenses | |
| Operating income | |
| Interest income | Interest income | 0.3 | | | 1.6 | |
| Interest expense | Interest expense | (1.1) | | | (0.5) | |
| Other, net | Other, net | 0.1 | | | — | |
| Other income (expense), net | Other income (expense), net | (0.7) | | | 1.1 | |
| Income before income tax expense | 26.5 | | | 27.2 | |
| Income tax expense | 0.5 | | | 1.6 | |
| Income before income tax | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | |
| Net income | Net income | 26.0 | % | | 25.6 | % | Net income | 48.9 | % | | 16.2 | % |
RevenueReportable Segments
Revenue by Reportable Segments
| | Year Ended | | | Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | $
Change | | %
Change |
| | Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | $
Change | | %
Change |
| | ($ in millions) |
| ($ in millions) | |
| ($ in millions) | |
| ($ in millions) | |
| Compute & Networking | | Compute & Networking | $ | 47,405 | | | $ | 15,068 | | | $ | 32,337 | | | 215 | % |
| Graphics | Graphics | $ | 9,834 | | | $ | 7,639 | | | $ | 2,195 | | | 29 | % | Graphics | 13,517 | | | 11,906 | | 11,906 | | | 1,611 | | 1,611 | | | 14 | | 14 | % |
| Compute & Networking | 6,841 | | | 3,279 | | | 3,562 | | | 109 | % |
| Total | Total | $ | 16,675 | | | $ | 10,918 | | | $ | 5,757 | | | 53 | % | Total | $ | 60,922 | | | $ | | $ | 26,974 | | | $ | | $ | 33,948 | | | 126 | | 126 | % |
Graphics - Graphics segment revenue increasedOperating Income by 29% in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, reflecting growth in GeForce GPUs and game console SOCs, partially offset by lower sales of Quadro/NVIDIA RTX workstations.Reportable Segments
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | $
Change | | %
Change |
| | | | | | | |
| ($ in millions) |
| Compute & Networking | $ | 32,016 | | | $ | 5,083 | | | $ | 26,933 | | | 530 | % |
| Graphics | 5,846 | | | 4,552 | | | 1,294 | | | 28 | % |
| All Other | (4,890) | | | (5,411) | | | 521 | | | (10) | % |
| Total | $ | 32,972 | | | $ | 4,224 | | | $ | 28,748 | | | 681 | % |
Compute & Networking - revenue – The year-on-year increase was due to higher Data Center revenue. Compute grew 266% due to higher shipments of the NVIDIA Hopper GPU computing platform for the training and inference of LLMs, recommendation engines and generative AI applications. Networking was up 133% due to higher shipments of InfiniBand.
Graphics revenue – The year-on-year increase was led by growth in Gaming of 15% driven by higher sell-in to partners following the normalization of channel inventory levels.
Reportable segment operating income – The year-on-year increase in Compute & Networking segment revenue increasedand Graphics operating income was driven by 109%higher revenue.
All Other operating loss - The year-on-year decrease was due to the $1.4 billion Arm acquisition termination cost in fiscal year 2021 compared to2023, partially offset by a $839 million increase in stock-based compensation expense in fiscal year 2020, reflecting the addition of Mellanox acquired on April 27, 2020 and the continued ramp of NVIDIA Ampere GPU architecture systems and new products.2024.
Concentration of Revenue
Revenue by geographic region is designated based on the billing location even if the revenue may be attributable to end customers, such as enterprises and gamers in a different location. Revenue from sales to customers outside of the United States accounted for 81%56% and 92%69% of total revenue for fiscal years 20212024 and 2020,2023, respectively. Revenue by geographic region is allocated
Our direct and indirect customers include public cloud, consumer internet companies, enterprises, startups, public sector entities, OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, AIB, and distributors.
Sales to individual countries based on the location toone customer, Customer A, represented 13% of total revenue for fiscal year 2024, which the products are initially billed even if the revenue iswas attributable to endthe Compute & Networking segment.
One indirect customer which primarily purchases our products through system integrators and distributors, including through Customer A, is estimated to have represented approximately 19% of total revenue for fiscal year 2024, attributable to the Compute & Networking segment.
Our estimated Compute & Networking demand is expected to remain concentrated.
There were no customers in a different location.
No customer representedwith 10% or more of total revenue for fiscal year 2021. Dell represented approximately 11% of our total revenue for fiscal year 2020,years 2023 and was attributable primarily to the Graphics segment.2022.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit consists of total revenue, net of allowances, less cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consists primarily of the cost of semiconductors, purchased from subcontractors, including wafer fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, board and device costs, manufacturing support costs, including labor and overhead associated with such purchases, final test yield fallout, inventory and warranty provisions, memory and component costs, tariffs, and shipping costs. Cost of
revenue also includes acquisition-related costs, development costs for license and service arrangements, IP-related costs, and stock-based compensation related to personnel associated with manufacturing.manufacturing operations.
Our overall gross margin was 62.3% and 62.0% for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increaseincreased to 72.7% in fiscal year 20212024 from 56.9% in fiscal year 2023. The year over year increase was driven by product mix with higherprimarily due to strong Data Center revenue growth of 217% and lower Automotive revenue, partially offset by Mellanox acquisition-related charges, includingnet inventory provisions as a non-recurringpercentage of revenue.
Provisions for inventory step-up chargeand excess inventory purchase obligations totaled $2.2 billion for both fiscal years 2024 and 2023. Sales of $161previously reserved inventory or settlements of excess inventory purchase obligations resulted in a provision release of $540 million and ongoing intangible asset amortization of $263 million.
Inventory provisions totaled $116 million and $161$137 million for fiscal years 20212024 and 2020,2023, respectively. Sales of inventory that was previously written-off or written-down totaled $145 million for both fiscal years 2021 and 2020. As a result, the overallThe net effect on our gross margin was insignificantan unfavorable impact of 2.7% and 7.5% in both fiscal years 20212024 and 2020.
A discussion of our gross margin results for each of our reportable segments is as follows:
Graphics - The gross margin of our Graphics segment increased during fiscal year 2021 when compared to fiscal year 2020, primarily driven by product mix with lower legacy automotive infotainment revenue and higher margin mix within Quadro/Nvidia RTX.
Compute & Networking- The gross margin of our Compute & Networking segment increased during fiscal year 2021 when compared to fiscal year 2020, primarily driven by the addition of Mellanox products, higher margins in Data Center compute systems, and lower product mix of certain Automotive solutions.2023, respectively.
Operating Expenses
| | | | | Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | $
Change | | %
Change |
| | | Year Ended |
| | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | $
Change | | %
Change |
| | | | ($ in millions) | ($ in millions) |
| Research and development expenses | Research and development expenses | $ | 3,924 | | | $ | 2,829 | | | $ | 1,095 | | | 39 | % | Research and development expenses | $ | 8,675 | | | $ | | $ | 7,339 | | | $ | | $ | 1,336 | | | 18 | | 18 | % |
| % of net revenue | % of net revenue | 23.5 | % | | 25.9 | % | | | | | % of net revenue | 14.2 | % | | 27.2 | % | | |
| Sales, general and administrative expenses | Sales, general and administrative expenses | 1,940 | | | 1,093 | | | 847 | | | 77 | % | Sales, general and administrative expenses | 2,654 | | | 2,440 | | 2,440 | | | 214 | | 214 | | | 9 | | 9 | % |
| % of net revenue | % of net revenue | 11.6 | % | | 10.0 | % | | | | | % of net revenue | 4.4 | % | | 9.1 | % | | |
| Acquisition termination cost | | Acquisition termination cost | — | | | 1,353 | | | (1,353) | | | (100) | % |
| % of net revenue | |
| Total operating expenses | Total operating expenses | $ | 5,864 | | | $ | 3,922 | | | $ | 1,942 | | | 50 | % |
| Total operating expenses | |
| Total operating expenses | | $ | 11,329 | | | $ | 11,132 | | | $ | 197 | | | 2 | % |
| % of net revenue | |
Research and Development
ResearchThe increase in research and development expenses increased by 39% in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, driven primarily by the acquisition of Mellanox. In addition, the increases reflect employee compensation and related costs, including stock-based compensation, and infrastructure costs.
Sales, General and Administrative
Sales,sales, general and administrative expenses increasedfor fiscal year 2024 was primarily driven by 77%compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, reflecting employee growth and compensation increases.
Acquisition Termination Cost
We recorded an acquisition termination cost related to the Arm transaction of $1.4 billion in fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020, driven primarily by2023 reflecting the Mellanox acquisition. In addition,write-off of the increases reflect employee compensation and related costs, including stock-based compensation.prepayment provided at signing.
Other Income (Expense), Net
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | $
Change | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ($ in millions) |
| Interest income | $ | 866 | | | $ | 267 | | | $ | 599 | | | |
| Interest expense | (257) | | | (262) | | | 5 | | | |
| Other, net | 237 | | | (48) | | | 285 | | | |
| Other income (expense), net | $ | 846 | | | $ | (43) | | | $ | 889 | | | |
Interest income consists of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Interest income was $57 million and $178 million in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decreaseincrease in interest income was primarily due to lower interest rates earnedhigher yields on our investments.higher cash balances.
Interest expense is primarily comprised of coupon interest and debt discount amortization related to our September 2016notes.
Other, net, consists of realized or unrealized gains and losses from investments in non-affiliated entities and the impact of changes in foreign currency rates. Change in Other, net, compared to fiscal year 2023 was driven by changes in value from our non-affiliated investments. Refer to Note 9 of the Notes and March 2020 Notes. Interest expense was $184 million and $52 millionto the Consolidated Financial Statements in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our investments in non-affiliated entities.
Income Taxes
We recognized income tax expense of $77 million$4.1 billion for fiscal year 2024 and $174income tax benefit of $187 million for fiscal year 2023. Income tax as a percentage of income before income tax was an expense of 12.0% for fiscal year 2024 and a benefit of 4.5% for fiscal year 2023.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, audit of our federal income tax returns for fiscal years 20212018 and 2020, respectively. Our annual2019 was resolved. We recognized a non-cash net benefit of $145 million, related to this IRS audit resolution, for effectively settled positions. This benefit consists of a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits of $236 million and related accrued interest of $17 million, net of federal benefit, partially offset by additional cash tax payments and reductions in tax attribute carryforwards of $108 million.
The effective tax rate increased due to a decreased impact of tax benefits from the FDII deduction, stock-based compensation, and the U.S. federal research tax credit, relative to the increase in income before income tax. The increase in the effective tax rate was 1.7% and 5.9% for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The decrease in our effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020 was primarilypartially offset by a benefit due to a decrease in the proportional amount of earnings subject to United States tax and an increase of tax benefits from stock-based compensation.IRS audit resolution.
Our effective tax raterates for fiscal years 20212024 and 2020 was2023 were lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions, includingtax benefits from the British Virgin Islands, Israel,FDII deduction, stock-based compensation and Hong Kong, where the tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, recognition of U.S. federal research tax credits,credit. Our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2024 was additionally benefited by the IRS audit resolution.
The OECD has announced an Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and excessProfit Shifting including Pillar Two Model Rules for a new 15% global minimum tax benefits relatedapplicable to stock-based compensation.large multinational corporations. Certain jurisdictions, including European Union member states and the United Kingdom, have enacted Pillar Two legislation that will start to become effective for our fiscal year 2025. The OECD, and its member countries, continue to release new guidance and legislation on Pillar Two and we continue to evaluate the impact on our financial position of the global implementation of these rules. Based on enacted laws, Pillar Two is not expected to materially impact our effective tax rate or cash flows in the next fiscal year. New legislation or guidance could change our current assessment.
Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,280 | | | $ | 3,389 | |
| Marketable securities | 18,704 | | | 9,907 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities | $ | 25,984 | | | $ | 13,296 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 847 | | | $ | 10,896 | |
| Marketable securities | 10,714 | | | 1 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities | $ | 11,561 | | | $ | 10,897 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 28,090 | | | $ | 5,641 | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $ | (10,566) | | | $ | 7,375 | |
| Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (13,633) | | | $ | (11,617) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 5,822 | | | $ | 4,761 | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $ | (19,675) | | | $ | 6,145 | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | 3,804 | | | $ | (792) | |
As of January 31, 2021, we had $11.56 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, an increase of $664 million from the end of fiscal year 2020. Our investment policy requires the purchase of highly rated fixed income securities, the diversification of investment types and credit exposures, and certain maturity limits on our portfolio.
In the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, we paid $2 billion as part of the proposed acquisition of Arm, which was allocated between advanced consideration for the acquisition of $1.36 billion, the prepayment of intellectual property licenses from Arm of $0.17 billion and royalties of $0.47 billion. The cash flow allocation of the payment resulted in $1.36 billion of advanced consideration included in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, $0.17 billion for the intellectual property license included in purchases related to property and equipment and intangible assets and $0.47 billion in prepayment of royalties included in changes in prepaid expenses and other assets.
Cash provided by operating activities increased in fiscal year 20212024 compared to fiscal year 2020,2023, due to higher net income, higher non-cash adjustments, partially offset by changesgrowth in working capital. Changes in working capital include increases in purchases of inventory and outstanding trade receivables, both due to higher fiscal year 2021 revenue, and a prepayment of royalties to Arm.
Cash used in investing activities increasedrevenue. Accounts receivable balance in fiscal year 2021 compared to cash2024 reflected $557 million from customer payments received ahead of the invoice due date.
Cash provided by investing activities decreased in fiscal year 2020, which2024 compared to fiscal year 2023, primarily reflects cash used for the acquisition of Mellanoxdriven by lower marketable securities maturities and the advanced consideration for the proposed acquisition of Arm, higher purchases of marketable securities, higher purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets, and lower sales of marketable securities, offset by higher maturities of marketable securities.
Cash provided byused in financing activities increased in fiscal year 20212024 compared to cash used in fiscal year 2020, which primarily reflects the2023, due to a debt issued in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, offset byrepayment and higher tax payments related to tax on restricted stock units.
RSUs, partially offset by lower share repurchases. Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash, and cash equivalents, ourand marketable securities, and the cash generated by our operations. AsAt the end of January 31, 2021,fiscal year 2024, we had $11.56$26.0 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months, and for the foreseeable future, including our proposed acquisitionfuture supply obligations and $1.3 billion of Arm.debt repayment due in fiscal year 2025 and share purchases. We continuously evaluate our liquidity and capital resources, including our access to external capital, to ensure we can adequately and efficiently finance ourfuture capital requirements beyond twelve months. Refer to Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.requirements.
Our marketable securities consist of debt securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, highly rated corporations and financial institutions, and foreign government entities, andas well as certificates of deposits.deposit issued by highly rated financial institutions. These marketable securities are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. Refer to Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
During fiscal year 2022,2025, we expect to use our existing cash, and cash equivalents, ourand marketable securities, and the cash generated by our operations to fund our capital investments of approximately $1.0$3.5 billion to $1.2$4.0 billion related to property and equipment, including construction of a new building at our Santa Clara campus.equipment.
We haveExcept for approximately $1.38$1.4 billion of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities held outside the U.S. for which we have not accrued any related foreign or state taxes if we repatriate these amounts to the U.S. Other than that,, substantially all of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held outside of the U.S. asat the end of January 31, 2021fiscal year 2024 are available for use in the U.S. without incurring additional U.S. federal income taxes. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Capital Return to Shareholders
InDuring fiscal year 2021,2024, we paid $395 million in quarterly cash dividends.
Our cash dividend program and the payment of future cash dividends under that program are subject to our Board'sBoard of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our shareholders.
In August 2023, our Board of Directors approved an increase to our share repurchase program of an additional $25.0 billion, without expiration. During fiscal year 2024, we repurchased 21 million shares of our common stock for $9.7 billion. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we were authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase additional shares of our
common stock up to $7.24$22.5 billion. From January 29, 2024 through February 16, 2024, we repurchased 2.8 million shares for $1.9 billion throughpursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Our share repurchase program aims to offset dilution from shares issued to employees. We may pursue additional share repurchases as we weigh market factors and other investment opportunities. We plan to continue share repurchases this fiscal year.
The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 requires a 1% excise tax on certain share repurchases in excess of shares issued for employee compensation made after December 2022. We did31, 2022 which was not repurchase any shares duringmaterial for fiscal year 2021.2024.
Outstanding Indebtedness and Credit FacilitiesCommercial Paper Program
We have outstanding $1.50 billion of Notes Due 2030, $1.00 billion of Notes Due 2040, $2.00 billion of Notes Due 2050, and $500 million of Notes due 2060, or collectively, the March 2020 Notes.
We have outstanding $1.00 billion of Notes due 2021 and $1.00 billion of Notes due 2026, or collectively, the September 2016 Notes.
We have a Credit Agreement under which we may borrow up to $575 million for general corporate purposes and can obtain revolving loan commitments up to $425 million. AsOur aggregate debt maturities as of January 31, 2021, we had not borrowed any amounts under this agreement.28, 2024, by year payable, are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 |
| | |
| | (In millions) |
| | |
| Due in one year | | $ | 1,250 | |
| Due in one to five years | | 2,250 | |
| Due in five to ten years | | 2,750 | |
| Due in greater than ten years | | 3,500 | |
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | | (41) | |
| Net carrying amount | | 9,709 | |
| Less short-term portion | | (1,250) | |
| Total long-term portion | | $ | 8,459 | |
We have a $575 million commercial paper program to support general corporate purposes. As of January 31, 2021,the end of fiscal year 2024, we had not issued anyno commercial paper.paper outstanding.
Refer to Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
ContractualMaterial Cash Requirements and Other Obligations
We have $157 million of long-term tax liabilities related to tax basis differences in Mellanox and unrecognized tax benefits of $395 million, which includes related interest and penalties of $43 million recorded in non-current income tax payable as of January 31, 2021. We are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of any potential tax liability, interest payments, or penalties in individual years due to uncertainties in the underlying income tax positions and the timing of the effective settlement of such tax positions. We are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for our fiscal years 2018 and 2019. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
For a description of our long-term debt, purchase obligations, and operating lease obligations, refer to Note 12, Note 13, and Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, respectively.
We have unrecognized tax benefits of $1.3 billion, which includes related interest and penalties of $140 million, recorded in non-current income tax payable at the end of fiscal year 2024. We are unable to estimate the timing of any potential tax liability, interest payments, or penalties in individual years due to uncertainties in the underlying income tax positions and the timing of the effective settlement of such tax positions. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Climate Change
To date, there has been no material impact to our results of operations associated with global sustainability regulations, compliance, costs from sourcing renewable energy or climate-related business trends.
Adoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of adoption of new and recently issued accounting pronouncements.
ITEMItem 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKQuantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Investment and Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our fixed-rate investment portfolio and outstanding debt. The investment portfolio is managed consistent with our overall liquidity strategy in support of both working capital needs and strategic growth of our businesses.
As of January 31, 2021,the end of fiscal year 2024, we performed a sensitivity analysis on our investment portfolio. According to our analysis, parallel shifts in the yield curve of both plus or minus 0.5%, taking into account a yield floor of 0%, would result in a decreasechange in fair value for these investments of $24 million, or an increase in fair value for these investments$93 million.
As of $8 million, respectively.
In September 2016,the end of fiscal year 2024, we issued $1.00had $9.7 billion of thesenior Notes Due 2021 and $1.00 billion of the Notes Due 2026. In March 2020, we issued $1.50 billion of Notes Due 2030, $1.00 billion of Notes Due 2040, $2.00 billion of Notes Due 2050, and $500 million of Notes due 2060.net outstanding. We carry the Notes at face value less unamortized discount on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As the Notes bear interest at a fixed rate, we have no
financial statement risk associated with changes in interest rates. Refer to Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We consider our direct exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations to be minimal.minimal as our sales are in United States dollars and foreign currency forward contracts are used to offset movements of foreign currency exchange rate movements. Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in other income or expense and to date have not been significant.expenses. The impact of foreign currency transaction gain or loss included in determining net income was not significant for fiscal years 20212024 and 2020.2023.
Sales and arrangements with third-party manufacturers provide for pricing and payment in United States dollars, and, therefore, are not subject to exchange rate fluctuations. Increases in the value of the United States’ dollar relative to other currencies would make our products more expensive, which could negatively impact our ability to compete. Conversely, decreases in the value of the United States’ dollar relative to other currencies could result in our suppliers raising their prices in order to continue doing business with us. Additionally, we have international operations and incur expenditures in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Our operating expenses benefit from a stronger dollar and are adversely affected by a weaker dollar.
We use foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on our operating expenses. We designate these contracts as cash flow hedges and assess the effectiveness of the hedge relationships on a spot to spot basis. Gains or losses on the contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, and then reclassified to operating expense when the related operating expenses are recognized in earnings or ineffectiveness should occur.
We also use foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency movements on monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollar. These forward contracts were not designated for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value of these contracts is recorded in other income or expense and offsets the change in fair value of the hedged foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income or expense.manufacturing costs.
If the U.S. dollar strengthened by 10% as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, the amount recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to our foreign exchange contracts before tax effect would have been approximately $84$116 million and $43$112 million lower, as of January 31, 2021 and January 26, 2020, respectively. Change in value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) would be expected to offset a corresponding change in hedged forecasted foreign currency expenses when recognized.
If an adverse 10% foreign exchange rate change was applied to our balance sheet hedging contracts, it would have resulted in an adverse impact on income before taxes of approximately $44$60 million and $29$36 million as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, respectively. These changes in fair values would be offset in other income (expense), net by corresponding change in fair values of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, assuming the hedge contracts fully cover the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities balances.
Refer to Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
ITEMItem 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATAFinancial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEMItem 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSUREChanges in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
ITEMItem 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURESControls and Procedures
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on their evaluation as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) were effective to provide reasonable assurance.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 202128, 2024 based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2021.28, 2024.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 202128, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than the acquisition of Mellanox that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, there wereThere have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our last fiscalthe quarter ended January 28, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting despite the fact that virtually allreporting. In fiscal year 2022, we began an upgrade of our employeesenterprise resource planning, or ERP, system, which will update much of our
existing core financial systems. The ERP system is designed to accurately maintain our financial records used to report operating results. The upgrade will occur in phases. We will continue to evaluate each quarter whether there are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation onchanges that materially affect our internal controls to minimize the impact on their operating effectiveness. We are in the process of integrating Mellanox into our systems and control environment. We believe that we have taken the necessary steps to monitor and maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting during this integration.reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls, will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within NVIDIA have been detected.
ITEMItem 9B. OTHER INFORMATIONOther Information
None.On December 18, 2023, John O. Dabiri, a member of our Board of Directors, adopted a trading arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) for the sale through December 2, 2024 of an estimated 553 shares of our common stock, assuming our closing stock price as of January 26, 2024. The number of shares is based on an estimate because the plan specifies a formulaic dollar amount of shares to be sold.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not Applicable.
PARTPart III
Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this report because we will file with the SEC a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, or the 20212024 Proxy Statement, no later than 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2021,2024, and certain information included therein is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEMItem 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEDirectors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Identification of Directors
Information regarding directors required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Identification of Executive Officers
Reference is made to the information regarding executive officers appearing under the heading “Information About Our Executive Officers” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is hereby incorporated by reference.
Identification of Audit Committee and Financial Experts
Information regarding our Audit Committee required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the captions “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors” and “Information About the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Material Changes to Procedures for Recommending Directors
Information regarding procedures for recommending directors required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Information About the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Code of Conduct
Information regarding our Code of Conduct required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Information About the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance - Code of Conduct,” and is hereby incorporated by reference. The full text of our Code of Conduct and Financial Team Code of Conduct are published on the Investor Relations portion of our website, under Governance, at www.nvidia.com. If we make any amendments to either code, or grant any waiver from a provision of either code to any executive officer or director, we will promptly disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website or in a report on Form 8-K. The contents of our website are not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEMItem 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONExecutive Compensation
Information regarding our executive compensation required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the captions “Executive Compensation”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, “Director Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Report,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
ITEMItem 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERSSecurity Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Ownership of NVIDIA Securities
Information regarding ownership of NVIDIA securities required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Information regarding our equity compensation plans required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption "Equity Compensation Plan Information," and is hereby incorporated by reference.
ITEMItem 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCECertain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information regarding related transactions and director independence required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the captions “Review of Transactions with Related Persons” and “Information About the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance - Independence of the Members of the Board of Directors,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
ITEMItem 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESPrincipal Accountant Fees and Services
Information regarding accounting fees and services required by this item will be contained in our 20212024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Fees Billed by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” and is hereby incorporated by reference.
PARTPart IV
ITEMItem 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULEExhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
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| (a) | 1. | | Financial Statements | |
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| | | Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended January 31, 2021, 28, 2024, January 26, 2020, 29, 2023, and January 27, 201930, 2022 | |
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| | | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and January 27, 201930, 2022 | |
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| | | Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and January 27, 201930, 2022 | |
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| | | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and January 27, 201930, 2022 | |
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| 2. | | Financial Statement Schedule | |
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| | | Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and January 27, 201930, 2022 | |
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| 3. | | Exhibits | |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of NVIDIA Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries (the "Company"“Company”) as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 202128, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in fiscal year 2020.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management'sManagement’s Annual Report on Internal Control Overover Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of
management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit mattersmatter communicated below are mattersis a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that werewas communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relaterelates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit mattersmatter below, providing a separate opinionsopinion on the critical audit mattersmatter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Acquisition of Mellanox Technologies Ltd.- Valuation of Developed Technology and In-process Research and Development Intangible Assets Acquired
As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, in fiscal year 2021 the Company completed the acquisition of Mellanox Technologies Ltd. for consideration of approximately $7.13 billion, of which $1,640 million of developed technology and $630 million of in-process research and development intangible assets were recorded. The fair values of developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets were determined using the multi-period excess earnings method. As disclosed by management, management applied significant judgment in estimating the fair value of the intangible assets acquired, which involved the use of certain estimates and assumptions, including future economic and market conditions, revenue growth, the technology migration curve, and risk-adjusted discount rates.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of Mellanox Technologies Ltd. is a critical audit matter are (i) the high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in applying procedures relating to the fair value measurement of developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets acquired due to the significant judgment by management when developing the estimate, (ii) significant audit effort in evaluating management’s assumptions relating to the estimate, such as revenue growth and the technology migration curve, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation of the intangible assets and controls over development of the assumptions related to the revenue growth and the technology migration curve. These procedures also included, among others, reading the purchase agreement and testing management’s process for estimating the fair value of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets acquired. Testing management’s process included evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation method and the reasonableness of management’s assumptions related to the revenue growth and the technology migration curve for the intangible assets acquired, and using professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist with the evaluation. Evaluating the reasonableness of the revenue growth involved considering the past performance of the acquired business as well as economic and industry forecasts. The technology migration curve was evaluated by considering the revenue attribution between existing technology and in-process research and development based on the assessment of the separation of forecasted future revenue between developed products and new generation products and the technology carryover rate.it relates.
Valuation of Inventories - Provisions for Excess or Obsolete Inventories and Excess Product Purchase Commitments
As described in NoteNotes 1, 10 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company charges cost of sales for inventory provisions to write-down inventory to the lower of costfor excess or net realizable value orobsolete inventory and for obsolete or excess inventory.product purchase commitments. Most of the Company’s inventory provisions relate to excess quantities of products, based on the Company’s inventory levels and future product purchase commitments compared to assumptions about future demand and market conditions. As
disclosed by management, the inventory provisions developed include assumptions about future demand and market conditions. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, the Company’s consolidated inventories balance was $1,826 million.$5.3 billion and the Company’s consolidated outstanding inventory purchase and long-term supply and capacity obligations balance was $16.1 billion, of which a significant portion relates to inventory purchase obligations.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of inventories, specifically the provisions for excess or obsolete inventories and excess product purchase commitments, is a critical audit matter are the significant judgmentsjudgment by management when developing provisions for excess or obsolete inventories and excess product purchase commitments, including developing assumptions related to future demand and market conditions. This in turn led to significant auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s assumptions related to future demand and market conditions.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s provisions for excess or obsolete inventories and excess product purchase commitments, including controls over management’s assumptions related to future demand and market conditions. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the provisions for excess or obsolete inventories;inventories and excess product purchase commitments; evaluating the appropriateness of management’s approach; testing the completeness accuracy, and relevanceaccuracy of underlying data used in the approach; and evaluating the reasonableness of management’s assumptions related to future demand and market conditions. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to future demand and market conditions involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) current and past results, including historical product life cycle, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) changes in technology, and (iv) comparing prior period estimates to actual results of the same period.technology.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
February 26, 202121, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share data)
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| Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| Revenue | $ | 16,675 | | | $ | 10,918 | | | $ | 11,716 | |
| Cost of revenue | 6,279 | | | 4,150 | | | 4,545 | |
| Gross profit | 10,396 | | | 6,768 | | | 7,171 | |
| Operating expenses | | | | | |
| Research and development | 3,924 | | | 2,829 | | | 2,376 | |
| Sales, general and administrative | 1,940 | | | 1,093 | | | 991 | |
| Total operating expenses | 5,864 | | | 3,922 | | | 3,367 | |
| Income from operations | 4,532 | | | 2,846 | | | 3,804 | |
| Interest income | 57 | | | 178 | | | 136 | |
| Interest expense | (184) | | | (52) | | | (58) | |
| Other, net | 4 | | | (2) | | | 14 | |
| Other income (expense), net | (123) | | | 124 | | | 92 | |
| Income before income tax | 4,409 | | | 2,970 | | | 3,896 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 77 | | | 174 | | | (245) | |
| Net income | $ | 4,332 | | | $ | 2,796 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
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| Net income per share: | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | 7.02 | | | $ | 4.59 | | | $ | 6.81 | |
| Diluted | $ | 6.90 | | | $ | 4.52 | | | $ | 6.63 | |
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| Weighted average shares used in per share computation: | | | | | |
| Basic | 617 | | | 609 | | | 608 | |
| Diluted | 628 | | | 618 | | | 625 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
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| Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
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| Net income | $ | 4,332 | | | $ | 2,796 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | | | | | |
| Available-for-sale debt securities: | | | | | |
| Net unrealized gain | 2 | | | 8 | | | 10 | |
| Reclassification adjustments for net realized gain (loss) included in net income | (2) | | | 0 | | | 1 | |
| Net change in unrealized gain | 0 | | | 8 | | | 11 | |
| Cash flow hedges: | | | | | |
| Net unrealized gain | 9 | | | 10 | | | 6 | |
| Reclassification adjustments for net realized gain (loss) included in net income | 9 | | | (5) | | | (11) | |
| Net change in unrealized gain (loss) | 18 | | | 5 | | | (5) | |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 18 | | | 13 | | | 6 | |
| Total comprehensive income | $ | 4,350 | | | $ | 2,809 | | | $ | 4,147 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except par value)
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| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 847 | | | $ | 10,896 | |
| Marketable securities | 10,714 | | | 1 | |
| Accounts receivable, net | 2,429 | | | 1,657 | |
| Inventories | 1,826 | | | 979 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 239 | | | 157 | |
| Total current assets | 16,055 | | | 13,690 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 2,149 | | | 1,674 | |
| Operating lease assets | 707 | | | 618 | |
| Goodwill | 4,193 | | | 618 | |
| Intangible assets, net | 2,737 | | | 49 | |
| Deferred income tax assets | 806 | | | 548 | |
| Other assets | 2,144 | | | 118 | |
| Total assets | $ | 28,791 | | | $ | 17,315 | |
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| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | 687 | |
| Accrued and other current liabilities | 1,725 | | | 1,097 | |
| Short-term debt | 999 | | | 0 | |
| Total current liabilities | 3,925 | | | 1,784 | |
| Long-term debt | 5,964 | | | 1,991 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 634 | | | 561 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 1,375 | | | 775 | |
| Total liabilities | 11,898 | | | 5,111 | |
| Commitments and contingencies - see Note 13 | 0 | | 0 |
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| Shareholders’ equity: | | | |
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 2 shares authorized; NaN issued | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Common stock, $0.001 par value; 2,000 shares authorized; 965 shares issued and 620 outstanding as of January 31, 2021; 955 shares issued and 612 outstanding as of January 26, 2020 | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 8,721 | | | 7,045 | |
| Treasury stock, at cost (345 shares in 2021 and 342 shares in 2020) | (10,756) | | | (9,814) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 19 | | | 1 | |
| Retained earnings | 18,908 | | | 14,971 | |
| Total shareholders' equity | 16,893 | | | 12,204 | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 28,791 | | | $ | 17,315 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYConsolidated Statements of Income
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| Common Stock
Outstanding | | Additional | | Treasury | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | | Retained | | Total Shareholders' |
| (In millions, except per share data) | Shares | | Amount | | Paid-in Capital | | Stock | | Income (Loss) | | Earnings | | Equity |
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| Balances, January 28, 2018 | 606 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 5,351 | | | $ | (6,650) | | | $ | (18) | | | $ | 8,787 | | | $ | 7,471 | |
| Retained earnings adjustment due to adoption of an accounting standard related to income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 8 | | | 8 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | 6 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,141 | | | 4,141 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Convertible debt conversion | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 13 | | | — | | | 137 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 137 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (4) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,032) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,032) | |
| Share repurchase | (9) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,579) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,579) | |
| Exercise of convertible note hedges | (1) | | | — | | | 2 | | | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | 0 | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.610 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (371) | | | (371) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 561 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 561 | |
| Balances, January 27, 2019 | 606 | | | 1 | | | 6,051 | | | (9,263) | | | (12) | | | 12,565 | | | 9,342 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 13 | | | — | | | 13 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,796 | | | 2,796 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 9 | | | — | | | 149 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 149 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (3) | | | — | | | — | | | (551) | | | — | | | — | | | (551) | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.640 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (390) | | | (390) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 845 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 845 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balances, January 26, 2020 | 612 | | | 1 | | | 7,045 | | | (9,814) | | | 1 | | | 14,971 | | | 12,204 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18 | | | — | | | 18 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,332 | | | 4,332 | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 11 | | | — | | | 194 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 194 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (3) | | | — | | | — | | | (942) | | | — | | | — | | | (942) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.640 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (395) | | | (395) | |
| Fair value of partially vested equity awards assumed in connection with acquisitions | — | | | — | | | 86 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 86 | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 1,396 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,396 | |
| Balances, January 31, 2021 | 620 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 8,721 | | | $ | (10,756) | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 18,908 | | | $ | 16,893 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| Revenue | $ | 60,922 | | | $ | 26,974 | | | $ | 26,914 | |
| Cost of revenue | 16,621 | | | 11,618 | | | 9,439 | |
| Gross profit | 44,301 | | | 15,356 | | | 17,475 | |
| Operating expenses | | | | | |
| Research and development | 8,675 | | | 7,339 | | | 5,268 | |
| Sales, general and administrative | 2,654 | | | 2,440 | | | 2,166 | |
| Acquisition termination cost | — | | | 1,353 | | | — | |
| Total operating expenses | 11,329 | | | 11,132 | | | 7,434 | |
| Operating income | 32,972 | | | 4,224 | | | 10,041 | |
| Interest income | 866 | | | 267 | | | 29 | |
| Interest expense | (257) | | | (262) | | | (236) | |
| Other, net | 237 | | | (48) | | | 107 | |
| Other income (expense), net | 846 | | | (43) | | | (100) | |
| Income before income tax | 33,818 | | | 4,181 | | | 9,941 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 4,058 | | | (187) | | | 189 | |
| Net income | $ | 29,760 | | | $ | 4,368 | | | $ | 9,752 | |
| | | | | |
| Net income per share: | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | 12.05 | | | $ | 1.76 | | | $ | 3.91 | |
| Diluted | $ | 11.93 | | | $ | 1.74 | | | $ | 3.85 | |
| | | | | |
| Weighted average shares used in per share computation: | | | | | |
| Basic | 2,469 | | | 2,487 | | | 2,496 | |
| Diluted | 2,494 | | | 2,507 | | | 2,535 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSConsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended | | |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 4,332 | | | $ | 2,796 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1,397 | | | 844 | | | 557 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,098 | | | 381 | | | 262 | |
| Deferred income taxes | (282) | | | 18 | | | (315) | |
| | | | | |
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| Other | (20) | | | 5 | | | (45) | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | (550) | | | (233) | | | (149) | |
| Inventories | (524) | | | 597 | | | (776) | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (394) | | | 77 | | | (55) | |
| Accounts payable | 363 | | | 194 | | | (135) | |
| Accrued and other current liabilities | 239 | | | 54 | | | 256 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 163 | | | 28 | | | 2 | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 5,822 | | | 4,761 | | | 3,743 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 8,792 | | | 4,744 | | | 7,232 | |
| Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 527 | | | 3,365 | | | 428 | |
| Purchases of marketable securities | (19,308) | | | (1,461) | | | (11,148) | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (8,524) | | | (4) | | | 0 | |
| Purchases related to property and equipment and intangible assets | (1,128) | | | (489) | | | (600) | |
| Investments and other, net | (34) | | | (10) | | | (9) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (19,675) | | | 6,145 | | | (4,097) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | |
| Issuance of debt, net of issuance costs | 4,968 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds related to employee stock plans | 194 | | | 149 | | | 137 | |
| Payments related to tax on restricted stock units | (942) | | | (551) | | | (1,032) | |
| Dividends paid | (395) | | | (390) | | | (371) | |
| Principal payments on property and equipment | (17) | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Payments related to repurchases of common stock | 0 | | | 0 | | | (1,579) | |
| Repayment of Convertible Notes | 0 | | | 0 | | | (16) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | (4) | | | 0 | | | (5) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 3,804 | | | (792) | | | (2,866) | |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | (10,049) | | | 10,114 | | | (3,220) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 10,896 | | | 782 | | | 4,002 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 847 | | | $ | 10,896 | | | $ | 782 | |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | |
| Cash paid for income taxes, net | $ | 249 | | | $ | 176 | | | $ | 61 | |
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 138 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | 55 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 29,760 | | | $ | 4,368 | | | $ | 9,752 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | | | | | |
| Available-for-sale securities: | | | | | |
| Net change in unrealized gain (loss) | 80 | | | (31) | | | (16) | |
| Reclassification adjustments for net realized gain included in net income | — | | | 1 | | | — | |
| Net change in unrealized gain (loss) | 80 | | | (30) | | | (16) | |
| Cash flow hedges: | | | | | |
| Net change in unrealized gain (loss) | 38 | | | 47 | | | (43) | |
| Reclassification adjustments for net realized gain (loss) included in net income | (48) | | | (49) | | | 29 | |
| Net change in unrealized loss | (10) | | | (2) | | | (14) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 70 | | | (32) | | | (30) | |
| Total comprehensive income | $ | 29,830 | | | $ | 4,336 | | | $ | 9,722 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSConsolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except par value) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| Assets | | | |
| Current assets: | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,280 | | | $ | 3,389 | |
| Marketable securities | 18,704 | | | 9,907 | |
| Accounts receivable, net | 9,999 | | | 3,827 | |
| Inventories | 5,282 | | | 5,159 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 3,080 | | | 791 | |
| Total current assets | 44,345 | | | 23,073 | |
| Property and equipment, net | 3,914 | | | 3,807 | |
| Operating lease assets | 1,346 | | | 1,038 | |
| Goodwill | 4,430 | | | 4,372 | |
| Intangible assets, net | 1,112 | | | 1,676 | |
| Deferred income tax assets | 6,081 | | | 3,396 | |
| Other assets | 4,500 | | | 3,820 | |
| Total assets | $ | 65,728 | | | $ | 41,182 | |
| | | |
| Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | | | |
| Current liabilities: | | | |
| Accounts payable | $ | 2,699 | | | $ | 1,193 | |
| Accrued and other current liabilities | 6,682 | | | 4,120 | |
| Short-term debt | 1,250 | | | 1,250 | |
| Total current liabilities | 10,631 | | | 6,563 | |
| Long-term debt | 8,459 | | | 9,703 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 1,119 | | | 902 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 2,541 | | | 1,913 | |
| Total liabilities | 22,750 | | | 19,081 | |
| Commitments and contingencies - see Note 13 | | | |
| | | |
| Shareholders’ equity: | | | |
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 2 shares authorized; none issued | — | | | — | |
| Common stock, $0.001 par value; 8,000 shares authorized; 2,464 shares issued and outstanding as of January 28, 2024; 2,466 shares issued and outstanding as of January 29, 2023 | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 13,132 | | | 11,971 | |
| | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 27 | | | (43) | |
| Retained earnings | 29,817 | | | 10,171 | |
| Total shareholders' equity | 42,978 | | | 22,101 | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 65,728 | | | $ | 41,182 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock
Outstanding | | Additional Paid-in | | Treasury | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | | Retained | | Total Shareholders' |
| Shares | | Amount | | Capital | | Stock | | Income (Loss) | | Earnings | | Equity |
| (In millions, except per share data) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Balances, Jan 31, 2021 | 2,479 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 8,719 | | | $ | (10,756) | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 18,908 | | | $ | 16,893 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,752 | | | 9,752 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (30) | | | — | | | (30) | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 35 | | | — | | | 281 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 281 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (8) | | | — | | | (614) | | | (1,290) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,904) | |
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| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.16 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (399) | | | (399) | |
| Fair value of partially vested equity awards assumed in connection with acquisitions | — | | | — | | | 18 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 18 | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 2,001 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,001 | |
| Retirement of Treasury Stock | — | | | — | | | (20) | | | 12,046 | | | — | | | (12,026) | | | — | |
| Balances, Jan 30, 2022 | 2,506 | | | 3 | | | 10,385 | | | — | | | (11) | | | 16,235 | | | 26,612 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,368 | | | 4,368 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (32) | | | — | | | (32) | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 31 | | | — | | | 355 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 355 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (8) | | | — | | | (1,475) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1,475) | |
| Shares repurchased | (63) | | | (1) | | | (4) | | | — | | | — | | | (10,034) | | | (10,039) | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.16 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (398) | | | (398) | |
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| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 2,710 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,710 | |
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| Balances, Jan 29, 2023 | 2,466 | | | 2 | | | 11,971 | | | — | | | (43) | | | 10,171 | | | 22,101 | |
| Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 29,760 | | | 29,760 | |
| Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 70 | | | | | 70 | |
| Issuance of common stock from stock plans | 26 | | | — | | | 403 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 403 | |
| Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units | (7) | | | — | | | (2,783) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,783) | |
| Shares repurchased | (21) | | | — | | | (27) | | | — | | | — | | | (9,719) | | | (9,746) | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.16 per common share) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (395) | | | (395) | |
| Stock-based compensation | — | | | — | | | 3,568 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,568 | |
| Balances, Jan 28, 2024 | 2,464 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 13,132 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 27 | | | $ | 29,817 | | | $ | 42,978 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | |
| Net income | $ | 29,760 | | | $ | 4,368 | | | $ | 9,752 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 3,549 | | | 2,709 | | | 2,004 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,508 | | | 1,544 | | | 1,174 | |
| Deferred income taxes | (2,489) | | | (2,164) | | | (406) | |
| (Gains) losses on investments in non-affiliated entities, net | (238) | | | 45 | | | (100) | |
| Acquisition termination cost | — | | | 1,353 | | | — | |
| Other | (278) | | | (7) | | | 47 | |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | (6,172) | | | 822 | | | (2,215) | |
| Inventories | (98) | | | (2,554) | | | (774) | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (1,522) | | | (1,517) | | | (1,715) | |
| Accounts payable | 1,531 | | | (551) | | | 568 | |
| Accrued and other current liabilities | 2,025 | | | 1,341 | | | 581 | |
| Other long-term liabilities | 514 | | | 252 | | | 192 | |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 28,090 | | | 5,641 | | | 9,108 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | |
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 9,732 | | | 19,425 | | | 15,197 | |
| Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 50 | | | 1,806 | | | 1,023 | |
| Purchases of marketable securities | (18,211) | | | (11,897) | | | (24,787) | |
| Purchases related to property and equipment and intangible assets | (1,069) | | | (1,833) | | | (976) | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (83) | | | (49) | | | (263) | |
| Investments in non-affiliated entities and other, net | (985) | | | (77) | | | (24) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (10,566) | | | 7,375 | | | (9,830) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | |
| Proceeds related to employee stock plans | 403 | | | 355 | | | 281 | |
| Payments related to repurchases of common stock | (9,533) | | | (10,039) | | | — | |
| Payments related to tax on restricted stock units | (2,783) | | | (1,475) | | | (1,904) | |
| Repayment of debt | (1,250) | | | — | | | (1,000) | |
| Dividends paid | (395) | | | (398) | | | (399) | |
| Principal payments on property and equipment and intangible assets | (74) | | | (58) | | | (83) | |
| Issuance of debt, net of issuance costs | — | | | — | | | 4,977 | |
| Other | (1) | | | (2) | | | (7) | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (13,633) | | | (11,617) | | | 1,865 | |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 3,891 | | | 1,399 | | | 1,143 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 3,389 | | | 1,990 | | | 847 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 7,280 | | | $ | 3,389 | | | $ | 1,990 | |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | |
| Cash paid for income taxes, net | $ | 6,549 | | | $ | 1,404 | | | $ | 396 | |
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 252 | | | $ | 254 | | | $ | 246 | |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Our Company
Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, NVIDIA was incorporated in California in April 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1998.
All references to “NVIDIA,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Fiscal Year
We operate on a 52- or 53-week year, ending on the last Sunday in January. Fiscal year 2021 is a 53-week year. Fiscal years 20202024, 2023 and 20192022 were bothall 52-week years.
Reclassifications
Certain prior fiscal year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current fiscal year presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NVIDIA Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from our estimates. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, cash equivalents and marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventories and product purchase commitments, income taxes, goodwill, stock-based compensation, litigation, investigation and settlement costs, restructuring and other charges, property, plant, and equipment, and other contingencies. The inputs into our judgments and estimates consider the economic implications of COVID-19. These estimates are based on historical facts and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable.
In February 2023, we assessed the useful lives of our property, plant, and equipment. Based on advances in technology and usage rate, we increased the estimated useful life of most of our server, storage, and network equipment from three to four or five years, and our assembly and test equipment from five to seven years. The effect of this change for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 was a benefit of $33 million and $102 million for cost of revenue and operating expenses, respectively, which resulted in an increase in operating income of $135 million and net income of $114 million after tax, or $0.05 per both basic and diluted share.
Revenue Recognition
We derive our revenue from product sales, including hardware and systems, license and development arrangements, software licensing, and software licensing.cloud services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract (where revenue is allocated on a relative standalone selling price basis by maximizing the use of observable inputs to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation); and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
Product Sales Revenue
Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Certain products are sold along with support or an extended warranty.warranty for the incorporated system, hardware, and/or software. Support and extended warranty revenue are recognized ratably over the service period, or as services are performed. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns, customer programs and any taxes collected from customers.
For products sold with a right of return, we record a reduction to revenue by establishing a sales return allowance for estimated product returns at the time revenue is recognized, based primarily on historical return rates. However, if product returns for a fiscal period are anticipated to exceed historical return rates, we may determine that additional sales return allowances are required to properlyaccurately reflect our estimated exposure for product returns.
Our customer programs involve rebates, which are designed to serve as sales incentives to resellers of our products in various target markets, and marketing development funds, or MDFs, which represent monies paid to our partners that are earmarked for market segment development and are designed to support our partners’ activities while also promoting NVIDIA products. We account for customer programs as a reduction to revenue and accrue for such programs for potential rebates and MDFs based on the amount we expect to be claimed by customers.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
License and Development Arrangements
Our license and development arrangements with customers typically require significant customization of our intellectual propertyIP components. As a result, we recognize the revenue from the license and the revenue from the development services as a single performance obligation over the period in which the development services are performed. We measure progress to completion based on actual cost incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total cost required to complete each project. If a loss on an arrangement becomes probable during a period, we record a provision for such loss in that period.
Software Licensing
Our software licenses provide our customers with a right to use the software when it is made available to the customer. Customers may purchase either perpetual licenses or subscriptions to licenses, which differ mainly in the duration over which the customer benefits from the software. Software licenses are frequently sold along with post-contract customer support, or PCS.the right to receive, on a when-and-if available basis, future unspecified software updates and upgrades. Revenue from software licenses is recognized up front when the software is made available to the customer. PCSSoftware support revenue is recognized ratably over the service period, or as services are performed.
Cloud Services
Cloud services, which allow customers to use hosted software and hardware infrastructure without taking possession of the software or hardware, are provided on a subscription basis or a combination of subscription plus usage. Revenue related to subscription-based cloud services is recognized ratably over the contract period. Revenue related to cloud services based on usage is recognized as usage occurs. Cloud services are typically sold on a standalone basis, but certain offerings may be sold with hardware and/or software and related support.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts may contain more than one of the products and services listed above, each of which is separately accounted for as a distinct performance obligation. We account for multiple agreements with a single customer as a single contract if the contractual terms and/or substance of those agreements indicate that they may be so closely related that they are, in effect, parts of a single contract.
We allocate the total transaction price to each distinct performance obligation in a multiple performance obligations arrangement on a relative standalone selling price basis. The standalone selling price reflects the price we would charge for a specific product or service if it were sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. When determining standalone selling price, we maximize the use of observable inputs.
If a contract contains a single performance obligation, no allocation is required.
Product Warranties
We generally offer a limited warranty to end-users that rangesranging from one to three years for products in order to repair or replace products for any manufacturing defects or hardware component failures. Cost of revenue includes the estimated cost of product warranties that are calculated at the point of revenue recognition. Under limited circumstances, we may offer an extended limited warranty to customers for certain products. We also accrue for known warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Stock-based Compensation
We use the closing trading price of our common stock on the date of grant, minus a dividend yield discount, as the fair value of awards of restricted stock units, or RSUs, and performance stock units that are based on our corporate financial performance targets, or PSUs. We use a Monte Carlo simulation on the date of grant to estimate the fair value of performance stock units that are based on market conditions, or market-based PSUs. The compensation expense for RSUs and market-based PSUs is recognized using a straight-line attribution method over the requisite employee service period while compensation expense for PSUs is recognized using an accelerated amortization model. We estimate the fair value of shares to be issued under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, using the Black-Scholes model at the commencement of an offering period in March and September of each year. Stock-based compensation for our ESPP is expensed using an accelerated amortization model. Additionally, for RSU, PSU, and market-based PSU awards, we estimate forfeitures annually based on historical experiencesemi-annually and revise the estimates of forfeiture in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical experience.
Litigation, Investigation and Settlement Costs
From timeWe currently, are, and will likely continue to time, we are involved in legalbe subject to claims, litigation, and other actions, and/or investigationsincluding potential regulatory proceedings, involving patent and other intellectual property matters, taxes, labor and employment, competition and antitrust, commercial disputes, goods and services offered by regulatory bodies.us and by third parties, and other matters. There are many uncertainties associated with any litigation or investigation, and we cannot be certain that these actions
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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or other third-party claims against us will be resolved without litigation, fines and/or substantial settlement payments.payments or judgments. If information becomes available that causes us to determine that a loss in any of our pending litigation, investigations or settlements is probable, and we can reasonably estimate the loss associated with such events, we will record the loss in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, the actual liability in any such litigation or investigation may be materially different from our estimates, which could require us to record additional costs.
Foreign Currency Remeasurement
We use the United StatesU.S. dollar as our functional currency for all of our subsidiaries. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into United States dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities such as property and equipment and equity are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period, except for those expenses related to the previously notednon-monetary balance sheet amounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in other income or expenseearnings in our Consolidated Statements of Income and to date have not been significant.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Income Taxes
We recognize federal, state and foreign current tax liabilities or assets based on our estimate of taxes payable or refundable in the current fiscal year by tax jurisdiction. We recognize federal, state and foreign deferred tax assets or liabilities, as appropriate, for our estimate of future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards; and we record a valuation allowance to reduce any deferred tax assets by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence and judgment, are not expected to be realized.
Our calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on certain estimates and judgments and involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Our estimates of deferred tax assets and liabilities may change based, in part, on added certainty or finality to an anticipated outcome, changes in accounting standards or tax laws in the United States,U.S., or foreign jurisdictions where we operate, or changes in other facts or circumstances. In addition, we recognize liabilities for potential United StatesU.S. and foreign income tax contingencies based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes may be due. If we determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary or if the recorded tax liability is less than our current assessment, we may be required to recognize an income tax benefit or additional income tax expense in our financial statements accordingly.
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had a valuation allowance of $728 million$1.6 billion related to capital loss carryforwards, and certain state and certain foreignother deferred tax assets that management determined are not likely to be realized due, in part, to jurisdictional projections of future taxable income, tax attributes usage limitation by certain jurisdictions, and potential utilization limitations of tax attributes acquired as a result of stock ownership changes.including capital gains. To the extent realization of the deferred tax assets becomes more-likely-than-not, we would recognize such deferred tax assets as an income tax benefitbenefits during the period.
We recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, theAny anti-dilutive effect of equity awards outstanding is not included in the computation of diluted net income per share for periods when their effect is anti-dilutive.share.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
We consider all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and have an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities consist of highly liquid debt investments with maturities of greater than three months when purchased. We currently classify our investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations.
We generally classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities related to debt securities at the date of acquisition as available-for-sale. These available-for-sale debt securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, a component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax. The fair value of interest-bearing debt securities includes accrued interest. Realized gains and losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined using the specific-identification method and recorded in the other income (expense), net, section of our Consolidated Statements of Income.
All of our available-for-saleAvailable-for-sale debt investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. If the estimated fair value of an available-for-sale debt securities is less than its amortized cost basis, we determine if the difference, if any, is caused by expected credit losses and write-down the amortized cost basis of the securities if it is more likely than not we will be required or
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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we intend to sell the securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Allowances for credit losses and write-downs are recognized in the other income (expense), net section of our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to their relatively short maturities as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020.29, 2023. Marketable securities are comprised of available-for-sale securities that are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains or losses
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included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, a component of shareholders’ equity, net of tax. Fair value of the marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, the gains or losses are recognized in earnings in the periods of change together with the offsetting losses or gains on the hedged items attributed to the risk being hedged. For derivative instruments designated as cash-flow hedges, the effective portion of the gains or losses on the derivatives is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and is subsequently recognized in earnings when the hedged exposure is recognized in earnings. For derivative instruments not designated for hedge accounting, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Our investment policy requires the purchase of highly-rated fixed income securities, the diversification of investment type and credit exposures, and includes certain limits on our portfolio duration. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and maintain an allowance for potential credit losses. This allowance consists of an amount identified for specific customers and an amount based on overall estimated exposure. Our overall estimated exposure excludes amounts covered by credit insurance and letters of credit.
Accounts Receivable
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for expected losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We determine this allowance by identifying amounts for specific customer issues as well as amounts based on overall estimated exposure. Factors impacting the allowance include the level of gross receivables, the financial condition of our customers and the extent to which balances are covered by credit insurance or letters of credit.
Inventories
Inventory cost is computed on an adjusted standard basis, which approximates actual cost on an average or first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs consist primarily of the cost of semiconductors, purchased from subcontractors, including wafer fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, manufacturing support costs, including labor and overhead associated with such purchases, final test yield fallout, and shipping costs, as well as the cost of purchased memory products and other component parts. We charge cost of sales for inventory provisions to write-down our inventory to the lower of cost or net realizable value or for obsolete or excess inventory.inventory, and for excess product purchase commitments. Most of our inventory provisions relate to excess quantities of products, based on our inventory levels and future product purchase commitments compared to assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Once inventory has been written-off or written-down, it creates a new cost basis for the inventory that is not subsequently written-up. We record a liability for noncancelable purchase commitments with suppliers for quantities in excess of our future demand forecasts consistent with our valuation of obsolete or excess inventory.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost.cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets generallyof three to fiveseven years. Once an asset is identified for retirement or disposition, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed, and a gain or loss is recorded. The estimated useful lives of our buildings are up to thirty years. Depreciation expense includes the amortization of assets recorded under finance leases. Leasehold improvements and assets recorded under finance leases are amortized over the shorter of the expected lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Operating leases with lease terms of more than 12 months are included in operating lease assets, accrued and other current liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments over the lease term.
Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted using our incremental borrowing rate. Operating lease assets also include initial direct costs incurred and prepaid lease payments, minus any lease incentives. Our lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We combine the lease and non-lease components in determining the operating lease assets and liabilities.
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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Goodwill
Goodwill is subject to our annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or earlier if indicators of potential impairment exist. For the purposes ofIn completing our impairment test, we perform either a qualitative or a quantitative analysis on a reporting unit basis.
Qualitative factors include industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting units.
OurThe quantitative impairment test considers both the income approach and the market approach to estimate a reporting unit’s fair value. The income and market valuation approaches consider a number of factors that include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, residual values, discount rates and comparable multiples from publicly traded companies in our industry and require us to make certain assumptions and estimates regarding industry economic factors and the future profitability of our business.
Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets
Intangible assets primarily represent acquired intangible assets including developed technology in-process research and development, or IPR&D, and customer relationships, as well as rights acquired under technology licenses, patents, and acquired intellectual property.IP. We currently amortize our intangible assets with finite lives over periods ranging from twoone to twenty years using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up or, if that pattern cannot be reliably determined, using a straight-line amortization method. We initially capitalize the fair value of IPR&D as an intangible asset with an indefinite life. When IPR&D projects are completed, we reclassify the IPR&D as an amortizable purchased intangible asset and amortize over the asset’s estimated useful life.
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. RecoverabilityThe recoverability of assets or asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group. Fair value is determined based on the estimated discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. Assets and liabilities to be disposed of would be separately presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the assets would be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and would no longer be depreciated.
Business Combination
We allocate the fair value of the purchase price of an acquisition to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired, including IPR&D, based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair values of these net tangible and intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but our estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. The estimates and assumptions used in valuing intangible assets include, but are not limited to, the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, discount rate used to determine the present value of these cash flows and asset lives. These estimates are inherently uncertain and, therefore, actual results may differ from the estimates made. As a result, during the measurement period of up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement periodperiod's conclusion or final determination of the fair value of the purchase price of an acquisition, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combination and expensed as incurred.
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InvestmentInvestments in Non-Affiliated Entities
Non-marketableOur investment in non-affiliates consists of marketable equity securities, which are publicly traded, and non-marketable equity securities, which are investments in privately-held companies are recorded atprivately held companies. Marketable equity securities have readily determinable fair value on a non-recurring basis only if an impairment or observable price adjustment occurs in the periodvalues with changes in fair value recorded through net income. Thesein other income (expense), net. Non-marketable equity securities include investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value. The investments that do not have readily determinable fair value are valued usingmeasured at cost minus impairment, if any, and are adjusted for changes resulting from observable and unobservableprice changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment in the same issuer, or the measurement alternative. Fair value is based upon observable inputs or data in an inactive market and the valuation requires our judgment due to the absence of market prices and inherent lack of liquidity. The estimated fair value isAll gains and losses on these investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in other income (expense), net on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
We assess whether an impairment loss has occurred on our investments in non-marketable equity securities, accounted for under the measurement alternative based on quantitative and qualitative factors including subsequent financing activities byfactors. If any impairment is identified for non-marketable equity securities, we write down the investee.investment to its fair value and record the corresponding charge through other income (expense), net on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
RecentlyRecent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
In June 2016,November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued a new accounting standard to replace the existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimatesprovide for accounts receivable and other financial instruments, including available-for-sale debt securities. We adopted theadditional disclosures about significant expenses in operating segments. The standard in the first quarter ofis effective for our annual reporting for fiscal year 20212025 and for interim period reporting starting in fiscal year 2026 retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which provides for new and changes to income tax disclosures including disaggregation of the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. The amendments in the standard are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption was not materialis permitted and should be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. We expect to adopt this standard in our consolidated financial statements.annual period beginning fiscal year 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 2 - Business Combination
Pending AcquisitionTermination of the Arm LimitedShare Purchase Agreement
On September 13, 2020, we entered into aIn February 2022, NVIDIA and SoftBank Group Corp, or SoftBank, announced the termination of the Share Purchase Agreement withwhereby NVIDIA would have acquired Arm and SoftBank for usfrom SoftBank. The parties agreed to acquire, from SoftBank all allotted and issued ordinary sharesterminate it due to significant regulatory challenges preventing the completion of Arm in a transaction valued at $40 billion.the transaction. We paid $2recorded an acquisition termination cost of $1.4 billion in Signing Consideration and will pay upon closingfiscal year 2023 reflecting the write-off of the acquisition $10 billion in cash and issue to SoftBank 44.3 million shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $21.5 billion. The transaction includes a potential earn out, which is contingent on the achievement of certain financial performance targets by Arm during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2022. If the financial targets are achieved, SoftBank can elect to receive either up to an additional $5 billion in cash or up to an additional 10.3 million shares of our common stock. We will issue up to $1.5 billion in restricted stock units to Arm employees after closing. The $2 billion paid upon signing was allocated between advanced consideration for the acquisition of $1.36 billion and the prepayment of intellectual property licenses from Arm of $0.17 billion and royalties of $0.47 billion, both with a 20-year term. The closing of the acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of specified governmental and regulatory consents and approvals and expiration of any related mandatory waiting period, and Arm's implementation of the reorganization and distribution of Arm’s IoT Services Group and certain other assets and liabilities. We are engaged with regulators in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, China and other jurisdictions. If the Purchase Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, we will be refunded $1.25 billion of the Signing Consideration. The $2 billion payment upon signing was allocated on a fair value basis and any refund of the Signing Consideration will use stated values in the Purchase Agreement. We believe the closing of the acquisition will likely occur in the first quarter of calendar year 2022.
Acquisition of Mellanox Technologies, Ltd.
On April 27, 2020, we completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Mellanox for a total purchase consideration of $7.13 billion. Mellanox is a supplier of high-performance interconnect products for computing, storage and communications applications. We acquired Mellanox to optimize data center workloads to scale across the entire computing, networking, and storage stack.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Purchase Price Allocation
The aggregate purchase consideration has been allocated as follows (in millions):
| | | | | | | | |
Purchase Price | | |
Cash paid for outstanding Mellanox ordinary shares (1) | | $ | 7,033 | |
Cash for Mellanox equity awards (2) | | 16 | |
Total cash consideration | | 7,049 | |
Fair value of Mellanox equity awards assumed by NVIDIA (3) | | 85 | |
Total purchase consideration | | $ | 7,134 | |
| | |
Allocation | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 115 | |
Marketable securities | | 699 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | 216 | |
Inventories | | 320 | |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | | 179 | |
Property and equipment, net | | 144 | |
Goodwill | | 3,431 | |
Intangible assets | | 2,970 | |
Accounts payable | | (136) | |
Accrued and other current liabilities | | (236) | |
Income tax liability | | (191) | |
Deferred income tax liability | | (258) | |
Other long-term liabilities | | (119) | |
| | $ | 7,134 | |
(1) Represents the cash consideration of $125.00 per share paid to Mellanox shareholders for approximately 56 million shares of outstanding Mellanox ordinary shares.
(2) Represents the cash consideration for the settlement of approximately 249 thousand Mellanox stock options held by employees and non-employee directors of Mellanox.
(3) Represents the fair value of Mellanox’s stock-based compensation awards attributable to pre-combination services.
We allocated the purchase price to tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values.
The goodwill is primarily attributable to the planned growth in the combined business of NVIDIA and Mellanox. Goodwill is not amortized to earnings, but instead is reviewed for impairmentprovided at least annually, absent any interim indicators of impairment. Goodwill recognized in the acquisition is not expected to be deductible for foreign tax purposes. Goodwill arising from the Mellanox acquisition has been allocated to the Compute and Networking segment. Refer to Note 17 – Segment Information for further details on segments.
The operating results of Mellanox have been included in our consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2021 since the acquisition date of April 27, 2020. Revenue attributable to Mellanox was approximately 10% for fiscal year 2021. There is not a practical way to determine net income attributable to Mellanox due to integration. Acquisition-related costs attributable to Mellanox of $28 million were included in selling, general and administrative expense for fiscal year 2021.
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Intangible Assets
The estimated fair value and useful life of the acquired intangible assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value | | Useful Lives |
| (In millions) | | |
Developed technology (1) | $ | 1,640 | | | 5 years |
Customer relationships (2) | 440 | | | 3 years |
Order backlog (3) | 190 | | | Based on actual shipments |
Trade names (4) | 70 | | | 5 years |
Total identified finite-lived intangible assets | 2,340 | | | |
IPR&D (5) | 630 | | | N/A |
Total identified intangible assets | $ | 2,970 | | | |
(1) The fair value of developed technology was identified using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method.
(2) Customer relationships represent the fair value of the existing relationships using the With and Without Method.
(3) Order backlog represents primarily the fair value of purchase arrangements with customers using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method. The intangible asset was fully amortized as of January 31, 2021.
(4) Trade names primarily relate to Mellanox trade names and fair value was determined by applying the Relief-from-Royalty Method under the income approach.
(5) The fair value of IPR&D was determined using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method.
The fair value of the finite-lived intangible assets will be amortized over the estimated useful lives based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be received to cost of revenue and operating expenses.
Mellanox had an IPR&D project associated with the next generation interconnect product that had not yet reached technological feasibility as of the acquisition date. Accordingly, we recorded an indefinite-lived intangible asset of $630 million for the fair value of this project, which will initially not be amortized. Instead, the project will be tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the project may be impaired or may have reached technological feasibility. Once the project reaches technological feasibility, we will begin to amortize the intangible asset over its estimated useful life.
Supplemental Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations for NVIDIA and Mellanox as if the companies were combined as of the beginning of fiscal year 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pro Forma |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | |
| (In millions) |
| Revenue | $ | 17,104 | | | $ | 12,250 | |
| Net income | $ | 4,757 | | | $ | 2,114 | |
The unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments related to amortization of acquired intangible assets, adjustments to stock-based compensation expense, fair value of acquired inventory, and transaction costs. The unaudited pro forma information presented above is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of our consolidated results of operations of the combined business had the acquisition actually occurred at the beginning of fiscal year 2020 or of the results of our future operations of the combined businesses.
The pro forma results reflect the inventory step-up expense of $161 million in the fiscal year 2020 and were excluded from the pro forma results for fiscal year 2021. There were no other material nonrecurring adjustments.signing.
Note 3 - Leases
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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
On January 28, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard using the optional transition method.
Our lease obligations primarily consist of operating leases for our headquarters complex, domestic and international office facilities, and data center space, with lease periods expiring between fiscal years 20222025 and 2035.
Future minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable operating leases as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, are as follows: | | | | | |
| Operating Lease Obligations |
| | (In millions) |
| Fiscal Year: | |
| 2025 | $ | 290 | |
| 2026 | 270 | |
| 2027 | 253 | |
| 2028 | 236 | |
| 2029 | 202 | |
| 2030 and thereafter | 288 | |
| Total | 1,539 | |
| Less imputed interest | 192 | |
| Present value of net future minimum lease payments | 1,347 | |
| Less short-term operating lease liabilities | 228 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | $ | 1,119 | |
| | | | | |
| Operating Lease Obligations |
| | (In millions) |
| Fiscal Year: | |
| 2022 | $ | 152 | |
| 2023 | 135 | |
| 2024 | 115 | |
| 2025 | 94 | |
| 2026 | 86 | |
| 2027 and thereafter | 288 | |
| Total | 870 | |
| Less imputed interest | 115 | |
| Present value of net future minimum lease payments | 755 | |
| Less short-term operating lease liabilities | 121 | |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | $ | 634 | |
Operating lease expenseexpenses for fiscal years 2021, 2020,2024, 2023, and 2019 was $1452022 were $269 million, $114$193 million, $80$168 million, respectively. Short-term and variable lease expenses for fiscal years 20212024, 2023, and 20202022 were not significant.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Other information related to leases was as follows:
| | Year Ended | | | Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31, 2021 | | January 26, 2020 |
| | | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Supplemental cash flows information | Supplemental cash flows information | | |
| Operating cash flows used for operating leases | Operating cash flows used for operating leases | $ | 141 | | | $ | 103 | |
| Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (1) | $ | 200 | | | $ | 238 | |
| Operating cash flows used for operating leases | |
| Operating cash flows used for operating leases | |
| Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | |
(1) Fiscal year 2021 includes $80 million of operating lease assets addition due to a business combination.
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 7.66.1 years and a weighted average discount rate of 2.87%3.76%. As of January 26, 2020,29, 2023, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 8.36.8 years and a weighted average discount rate of 3.45%3.21%.
Note 4 - Stock-Based Compensation
Our stock-based compensation expense is associated with restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance stock units that are based on our corporate financial performance targets, or PSUs, performance stock units that are based on market conditions, or market-based PSUs, and our ESPP.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
Our Consolidated Statements of Income include stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts allocated to inventory, as follows:
| | | | | Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Cost of revenue | Cost of revenue | $ | 88 | | | $ | 39 | | | $ | 27 | |
| Research and development | Research and development | 860 | | | 540 | | | 336 | |
| Sales, general and administrative | Sales, general and administrative | 449 | | | 265 | | | 194 | |
| Total | Total | $ | 1,397 | | | $ | 844 | | | $ | 557 | |
Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventories was not significant during fiscal years 2021, 2020,2024, 2023, and 2019.2022.
The following is a summary of equity awards granted under our equity incentive plans:
| | Year Ended | | | Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | (In millions, except per share data) |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs | |
| | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs | |
| | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs | |
| Awards granted | |
| Awards granted | |
| Awards granted | Awards granted | 9 | | | 7 | | | 4 | |
| Estimated total grant-date fair value | Estimated total grant-date fair value | $ | 2,764 | | | $ | 1,282 | | | $ | 1,109 | |
| Weighted average grant-date fair value per share | Weighted average grant-date fair value per share | $ | 307.25 | | | $ | 184.47 | | | $ | 258.26 | |
| | ESPP | ESPP | |
| ESPP | |
| ESPP | |
| Shares purchased | |
| Shares purchased | |
| Shares purchased | Shares purchased | 1 | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Weighted average price per share | Weighted average price per share | $ | 139.19 | | | $ | 148.76 | | | $ | 107.48 | |
| Weighted average grant-date fair value per share | Weighted average grant-date fair value per share | $ | 67.65 | | | $ | 64.87 | | | $ | 38.51 | |
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, there was $3.17$8.6 billion of aggregate unearned stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures.expense. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years for RSUs, PSUs, and market-based PSUs, and 0.90.8 years for ESPP.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
The fair value of shares issued under our ESPP have been estimated with the following assumptions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | | |
| (Using the Black-Scholes model) |
ESPP | | | | | |
Weighted average expected life (in years) | 0.1-2.0 | | 0.1-2.0 | | 0.1-2.0 |
Risk-free interest rate | 0.1%-1.6% | | 1.5%-2.6% | | 1.6%-2.8% |
Volatility | 26%-89% | | 30%-82% | | 24%-75% |
Dividend yield | 0.1%-0.3% | | 0.3%-0.4% | | 0.3%-0.4% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | |
| (Using the Black-Scholes model) |
| ESPP | | | | | |
| Weighted average expected life (in years) | 0.1-2.0 | | 0.1-2.0 | | 0.1-2.0 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.9%-5.5% | | —%-4.6% | | —%-0.5% |
| Volatility | 31%-67% | | 43%-72% | | 20%-58% |
| Dividend yield | 0.1% | | 0.1% | | 0.1% |
For ESPP shares, the expected term represents the average term from the first day of the offering period to the purchase date. The risk-free interest rate assumption used to value ESPP shares is based upon observed interest rates on Treasury bills appropriate for the expected term. Our expected stock price volatility assumption for ESPP is estimated using historical volatility. For awards granted, we use the dividend yield at grant date. Our RSU, PSU, and market-based PSU awards are not eligible for cash dividends prior to vesting; therefore, the fair values of RSUs, PSUs, and market-based PSUs are discounted for the dividend yield.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
Additionally, for RSU, PSU, and market-based PSU awards, we estimate forfeitures semi-annually and revise the estimates of forfeiture in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures are estimated based on historical experience.
Equity Incentive Program
We grant or have granted stock options, RSUs, PSUs, market-based PSUs, and stock purchase rights under the following equity incentive plans. In addition, in connection with our acquisitions of various companies, we have assumed thecertain stock-based awards granted under their stock incentive plans and substitutedconverted them withinto our RSUs.
Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan
In 2007, our shareholders approved the NVIDIA Corporation 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, or as most recently amended and restated, the 2007 Plan.
The 2007 Plan authorizes the issuance of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units,RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance stock awards, performance cash awards, and other stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants. Only our employees may receive incentive stock options. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, up to 24437 million shares of our common stock could be issued pursuant to stock awards granted under the 2007 Plan, of which 2 million shares were issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options. All options are fully vested, the last of which will expire by May 2024 if not exercised.Plan. Currently, we grant RSUs, PSUs and market-based PSUs under the 2007 Plan, under which, as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, there were 37147 million shares available for future issuance.grants.
Subject to certain exceptions, RSUs and PSUs granted to employees either vest (A) over a four-year period, subject to continued service, with 25% vesting on a pre-determined date that is close to the anniversary of the date of grant and 6.25% vesting quarterly thereafter, or (B) over a three-year period, subject to continued service, with 40% vesting on a pre-determined date that is close to the anniversary of the date of grant and 7.5% vesting quarterly thereafter, or (C) over a four-year period, subject to continued service, with 6.25% vesting quarterly. PSUs vest over a four-year period, subject to continued service, with 25% vesting on a pre-determined date that is close to the anniversary of the date of grant and 6.25% vesting quarterly thereafter. Market-based PSUs vest 100% on approximatelyabout the three-year anniversary of the date of grant. However, the number of shares subject to both PSUs and market-based PSUs that are eligible to vest is generally determined by the Compensation Committee based on achievement of pre-determined criteria.
Amended and Restated 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In 2012, our shareholders approved the NVIDIA Corporation 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or as most recently amended and restated, the 2012 Plan.
Employees who participate may have up to 10% of their earnings withheld toin the purchase of shares of common stock. Starting in March 2021, employees who participate2012 Plan may have up to 15% of their earnings withheld to purchase shares of common stock. The Board may decrease this percentage at its discretion. Each offering period is approximatelyabout 24 months, which is generally divided into 4four purchase periods of six months. The price of common stock purchased under our 2012 Plan will be equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on the commencement date of each offering period andor the fair market value of the common stock on each purchase date within the offering. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had 60227 million shares reserved for future issuance under the 2012 Plan.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Equity Award Activity
The following is a summary of our equity award transactions under our equity incentive plans:
| | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs Outstanding | | | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs Outstanding |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Number of Shares | | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
| | RSUs, PSUs and Market-based PSUs Outstanding |
| | Number of Shares | | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
| | (In millions, except years and per share data) |
| Balances, January 26, 2020 | 14 | | | $ | 176.72 | |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| (In millions, except per share data) | |
| Balances, Jan 29, 2023 | |
| Granted | Granted | 9 | | | $ | 307.25 | |
| Vested restricted stock | Vested restricted stock | (7) | | | $ | 159.35 | |
| Canceled and forfeited | Canceled and forfeited | (1) | | | $ | 193.83 | |
| Balances, January 31, 2021 | 15 | | | $ | 264.69 | |
| Vested and expected to vest after January 31, 2021 | 14 | | | $ | 264.13 | |
| Balances, Jan 28, 2024 | |
| Vested and expected to vest after Jan 28, 2024 | |
As of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, there were 37147 million and 29160 million shares, respectively, of common stock reservedavailable for future issuancegrants under our equity incentive plans.
As of January 31, 2021, the total intrinsic value of options currently exercisable and outstanding was $1.20 billion, with an average exercise price of $14.40 per share and an average remaining term of 1.7 years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $521 million, $84 million, and $180 million for fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Upon the exercise of an option, we issue new shares of stock.
The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs, as of their respective vesting dates, during the years ended January 31, 2021,28, 2024, January 26, 2020,29, 2023, and January 27, 2019,30, 2022, was $2.67$8.2 billion, $1.45$4.3 billion, and $2.62$5.6 billion, respectively.
Note 5 - Net Income Per Share
The following is a reconciliation of the denominator of the basic and diluted net income per share computations for the periods presented:
| | | | | Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | Year Ended |
| | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | (In millions, except per share data) | (In millions, except per share data) |
| Numerator: | Numerator: | | | | | | Numerator: | | | |
| Net income | Net income | $ | 4,332 | | | $ | 2,796 | | | $ | 4,141 | |
| Denominator: | Denominator: | | | | | | Denominator: | | | |
| Basic weighted average shares | Basic weighted average shares | 617 | | | 609 | | | 608 | |
| Dilutive impact of outstanding equity awards | Dilutive impact of outstanding equity awards | 11 | | | 9 | | | 17 | |
| | Diluted weighted average shares | Diluted weighted average shares | 628 | | | 618 | | | 625 | |
| | Diluted weighted average shares | |
| | Diluted weighted average shares | |
| Net income per share: | Net income per share: | | | | | | Net income per share: | | | |
| Basic (1) | Basic (1) | $ | 7.02 | | | $ | 4.59 | | | $ | 6.81 | |
| Diluted (2) | Diluted (2) | $ | 6.90 | | | $ | 4.52 | | | $ | 6.63 | |
| Equity awards excluded from diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive | Equity awards excluded from diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive | 3 | | | 11 | | | 5 | |
(1) Calculated as net income divided by basic weighted average shares.
(2) Calculated as net income divided by diluted weighted average shares.
Note 6 - Goodwill
As of January 28, 2024, the total carrying amount of goodwill was $4.4 billion, consisting of goodwill balances allocated to our Compute & Networking and Graphics reporting units of $4.1 billion and $370 million, respectively. As of January 29, 2023, the total carrying amount of goodwill was $4.4 billion, consisting of goodwill balances allocated to our Compute & Networking and Graphics reporting units of $4.0 billion and $370 million, respectively. Goodwill increased by $59 million in fiscal year 2024 from an immaterial acquisition and was allocated to our Compute & Networking reporting unit. During the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, we completed our annual qualitative impairment tests and concluded that goodwill was not impaired.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
Note 6 - Goodwill
We changed our reportable segments to "Graphics" and "Compute & Networking" starting with the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, as discussed in Note 17 of these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, our reporting units also changed, and we reassigned the goodwill balance to the new reporting units based on their relative fair values. Comparative periods presented reflect this change. We determined there was 0 goodwill impairment immediately prior to the reorganization. As of January 31, 2021, the total carrying amount of goodwill was $4.19 billion and the amount of goodwill allocated to our Graphics and Compute & Networking reporting units was $347 million and $3.85 billion, respectively. As of January 26, 2020, the total carrying amount of goodwill was $618 million and the amount of goodwill allocated to our Graphics and Compute & Networking reporting units was $347 million and $271 million, respectively. Goodwill increased by $3.57 billion in fiscal year 2021 due to goodwill of $3.43 billion arising from the Mellanox acquisition, and goodwill of $143 million from other acquisition activities, all of which were allocated to the Compute & Networking reporting unit. During the fourth quarters of fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, we completed our annual impairment tests and concluded that goodwill was 0t impaired in any of these years.Statements
(Continued)
Note 7 - Amortizable Intangible Assets
The components of our amortizable intangible assets are as follows:
| | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount |
| | | January 31, 2021 | | January 26, 2020 |
| | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net
Carrying
Amount |
| | | | (In millions) | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Acquisition-related intangible assets (1) | Acquisition-related intangible assets (1) | $ | 3,280 | | | $ | (774) | | | $ | 2,506 | | | $ | 195 | | | $ | (192) | | | $ | 3 | |
| Patents and licensed technology | Patents and licensed technology | 706 | | | (475) | | | 231 | | | 520 | | | (474) | | | 46 | |
| Total intangible assets | Total intangible assets | $ | 3,986 | | | $ | (1,249) | | | $ | 2,737 | | | $ | 715 | | | $ | (666) | | | $ | 49 | |
(1) AsDuring the first quarter of January 31, 2021, acquisition-related intangible assets include the fair valuefiscal year 2023, we commenced amortization of a Mellanox IPR&D project of $630 million which has not been amortized. Once the project reaches technological feasibility, we will begin to amortize thein-process research and development intangible asset over its estimated useful life. Referrelated to Note 2our acquisition of these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.Mellanox.
Amortization expense associated with intangible assets for fiscal years 2021, 2020,2024, 2023, and 20192022 was $612$614 million, $25$699 million, and $29$563 million, respectively. Future
The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to the net carrying amount of intangible assets as of January 31, 2021 is estimated28, 2024:
| | | | | |
| Future Amortization Expense |
| | (In millions) |
| Fiscal Year: | |
| 2025 | $ | 555 | |
| 2026 | 261 | |
| 2027 | 150 | |
| 2028 | 37 | |
| 2029 | 9 | |
| 2030 and thereafter | 100 | |
| Total | $ | 1,112 | |
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to be $548 million in fiscal year 2022, $545 million in fiscal year 2023, $423 million in fiscal year 2024, $367 million in fiscal year 2025, $97 million in fiscal year 2026, and $757 million in fiscal year 2027 and thereafter.the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Note 8 - Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Our cash equivalents and marketable securities related to debt securities are classified as “available-for-sale” debt securities.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
The following is a summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities as of January 31, 2021 and January 26, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31, 2021 |
| Amortized
Cost | | Unrealized
Gain | | Unrealized
Loss | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Reported as |
| | | | | | Cash Equivalents | | Marketable Securities |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 4,442 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 4,444 | | | $ | 234 | | | $ | 4,210 | |
| Debt securities issued by United States government agencies | 2,975 | | | 1 | | | 0 | | | 2,976 | | | 28 | | | 2,948 | |
| Debt securities issued by the United States Treasury | 2,846 | | | 0 | | | — | | | 2,846 | | | 25 | | | 2,821 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 705 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 705 | | | 37 | | | 668 | |
| Money market funds | 313 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 313 | | | 313 | | | 0 | |
| Foreign government bonds | 67 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 67 | | | 0 | | 67 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 11,348 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 11,351 | | | $ | 637 | | | $ | 10,714 | |
| | | | | Jan 28, 2024 |
| Amortized
Cost | | | Amortized
Cost | | Unrealized
Gain | | Unrealized
Loss | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Reported as |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cash Equivalents | | Marketable Securities |
| | | January 26, 2020 |
| | Amortized
Cost | | Unrealized
Gain | | Unrealized
Loss | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Reported as |
| | | | Cash Equivalents | | Marketable Securities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (In millions) |
| Corporate debt securities | |
| Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury | |
| Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies | |
| Money market funds | |
| Certificates of deposit | |
| Foreign government bonds | |
| | | (In millions) |
| Money market funds | $ | 7,507 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 7,507 | | | $ | 7,507 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Debt securities issued by the United States Treasury | 1,358 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,358 | | | 1,358 | | | 0 | |
| Debt securities issued by United States government agencies | 1,096 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1,096 | | | 1,096 | | | 0 | |
| Corporate debt securities | 592 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 592 | | | 592 | | | 0 | |
| Foreign government bonds | 200 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 200 | | | 200 | | | 0 | |
| Certificates of deposit | 27 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 27 | | | 27 | | | 0 | |
| Asset-backed securities | 1 | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 1 | | | 0 | | | 1 | |
| | Total | Total | $ | 10,781 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 10,781 | | | $ | 10,780 | | | $ | 1 | |
| | Total | |
| | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 29, 2023 |
| Amortized
Cost | | Unrealized
Gain | | Unrealized
Loss | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Reported as |
| | | | | | Cash Equivalents | | Marketable Securities |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 4,809 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (12) | | | $ | 4,797 | | | $ | 1,087 | | | $ | 3,710 | |
| Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury | 4,185 | | | 1 | | | (44) | | | 4,142 | | | — | | | 4,142 | |
| Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies | 1,836 | | | — | | | (2) | | | 1,834 | | | 50 | | | 1,784 | |
| Money market funds | 1,777 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,777 | | | 1,777 | | | — | |
| Certificates of deposit | 365 | | | — | | | — | | | 365 | | | 134 | | | 231 | |
| Foreign government bonds | 140 | | | — | | | — | | | 140 | | | 100 | | | 40 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 13,112 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (58) | | | $ | 13,055 | | | $ | 3,148 | | | $ | 9,907 | |
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
The following tables provide the breakdown of unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jan 28, 2024 |
| | Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total |
| | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury | $ | 3,343 | | | $ | (5) | | | $ | 1,078 | | | $ | (5) | | | $ | 4,421 | | | $ | (10) | |
| Corporate debt securities | 1,306 | | | (3) | | | 618 | | | (2) | | | 1,924 | | | (5) | |
| Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies | 670 | | | (1) | | | — | | | — | | | 670 | | | (1) | |
| Total | $ | 5,319 | | | $ | (9) | | | $ | 1,696 | | | $ | (7) | | | $ | 7,015 | | | $ | (16) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jan 29, 2023 |
| | Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total |
| | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Loss |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury | $ | 2,444 | | | $ | (21) | | | $ | 1,172 | | | $ | (23) | | | $ | 3,616 | | | $ | (44) | |
| Corporate debt securities | 1,188 | | | (7) | | | 696 | | | (5) | | | 1,884 | | | (12) | |
| Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies | 1,307 | | | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | 1,307 | | | (2) | |
| Total | $ | 4,939 | | | $ | (30) | | | $ | 1,868 | | | $ | (28) | | | $ | 6,807 | | | $ | (58) | |
The gross unrealized losses are related to fixed income securities, driven primarily by changes in interest rates. Net realized gains and unrealized gains and losses were not significant for all periods presented.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of cash equivalents and marketable securities as of January 31, 2021 and January 26, 2020 are shown below by contractual maturity.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31, 2021 | | January 26, 2020 |
| | Amortized
Cost | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Estimated
Fair Value |
| | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Less than one year | $ | 10,782 | | | $ | 10,783 | | | $ | 10,781 | | | $ | 10,781 | |
| Due in 1 - 5 years | 566 | | | 568 | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 11,348 | | | $ | 11,351 | | | $ | 10,781 | | | $ | 10,781 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | Amortized
Cost | | Estimated
Fair Value | | Amortized
Cost | | Estimated
Fair Value |
| | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Less than one year | $ | 16,336 | | | $ | 16,329 | | | $ | 9,738 | | | $ | 9,708 | |
| Due in 1 - 5 years | 9,348 | | | 9,395 | | | 3,374 | | | 3,347 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total | $ | 25,684 | | | $ | 25,724 | | | $ | 13,112 | | | $ | 13,055 | |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Note 9 - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities and Investments in Non-Affiliated Entities
The fair values of our financial assets and liabilities are determined using quoted market prices of identical assets or quoted market prices of similar assets from active markets. We review fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value at |
| Pricing Category | | January 31, 2021 | | January 26, 2020 |
| | | | | |
| | | (In millions) |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents and marketable securities: | | | | | |
| Money market funds | Level 1 | | $ | 313 | | | $ | 7,507 | |
| Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | | $ | 4,444 | | | $ | 592 | |
| Debt securities issued by United States government agencies | Level 2 | | $ | 2,976 | | | $ | 1,096 | |
| Debt securities issued by the United States Treasury | Level 2 | | $ | 2,846 | | | $ | 1,358 | |
| Certificates of deposit | Level 2 | | $ | 705 | | | $ | 27 | |
| Foreign government bonds | Level 2 | | $ | 67 | | | $ | 200 | |
| Asset-backed securities | Level 2 | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1 | |
| | | | | |
| Other asset: | | | | | |
| Investment in non-affiliated entities (1) | Level 3 | | $ | 144 | | | $ | 77 | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 2.20% Notes Due 2021 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 1,011 | | | $ | 1,006 | |
| 3.20% Notes Due 2026 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 1,124 | | | $ | 1,065 | |
| 2.85% Notes Due 2030 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 1,654 | | | $ | 0 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2040 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 1,152 | | | $ | 0 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2050 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 2,308 | | | $ | 0 | |
| 3.70% Notes Due 2060 (2) | Level 2 | | $ | 602 | | | $ | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value at |
| Pricing Category | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | | | |
| | | (In millions) |
| Assets | | | | | |
| Cash equivalents and marketable securities: | | | | | |
| Money market funds | Level 1 | | $ | 3,031 | | | $ | 1,777 | |
| Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | | $ | 10,152 | | | $ | 4,797 | |
| Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury | Level 2 | | $ | 9,524 | | | $ | 4,142 | |
| Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies | Level 2 | | $ | 2,333 | | | $ | 1,834 | |
| Certificates of deposit | Level 2 | | $ | 510 | | | $ | 365 | |
| Foreign government bonds | Level 2 | | $ | 174 | | | $ | 140 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets (Investment in non-affiliated entities): | | | | | |
| Publicly-held equity securities | Level 1 | | $ | 225 | | | $ | 11 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities (1) | | | | | |
| 0.309% Notes Due 2023 | Level 2 | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,230 | |
| 0.584% Notes Due 2024 | Level 2 | | $ | 1,228 | | | $ | 1,185 | |
| 3.20% Notes Due 2026 | Level 2 | | $ | 970 | | | $ | 966 | |
| 1.55% Notes Due 2028 | Level 2 | | $ | 1,115 | | | $ | 1,099 | |
| 2.85% Notes Due 2030 | Level 2 | | $ | 1,367 | | | $ | 1,364 | |
| 2.00% Notes Due 2031 | Level 2 | | $ | 1,057 | | | $ | 1,044 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2040 | Level 2 | | $ | 851 | | | $ | 870 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2050 | Level 2 | | $ | 1,604 | | | $ | 1,637 | |
| 3.70% Notes Due 2060 | Level 2 | | $ | 403 | | | $ | 410 | |
(1)Investment in private non-affiliated entities is recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis only if an impairment or observable price adjustment occurs in the period with changes in fair value recorded through net income. The amount recorded as of January 31, 2021 has not been significant.
(2) These liabilities are carried on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at their original issuance value, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs,costs.
Investments in Non-Affiliated Entities
Our investments in non-affiliated entities include marketable equity securities, which are publicly traded, and non-marketable equity securities, which are primarily investments in privately held companies. Our marketable equity securities have readily determinable fair values and are not marked torecorded as long-term other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value each period. Refer to Note 12with changes in fair value recorded in Other income and expense, net on our Consolidated Statements of Income. Marketable equity securities totaled $225 million and $11 million as of January 28, 2024 and January 29, 2023, respectively. The net unrealized and realized gains and losses of investments in marketable securities net were not significant for fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Our non-marketable equity securities are recorded in long-term other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities totaled $1.3 billion and $288 million as of January 28, 2024 and January 29, 2023, respectively. Gains and losses on these Notes to theinvestments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in Other income and expense, net on our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.of Income.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Adjustments to the carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative were as follows:
| | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 |
| (In millions) |
| Carrying amount as of Jan 29, 2023 | $ | 288 | |
| Adjustments related to non-marketable equity securities: | |
| Net additions | 859 | |
| Unrealized gains | 194 | |
| Impairments and unrealized losses | (20) | |
| Carrying amount as of Jan 28, 2024 | $ | 1,321 | |
In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, one of our private company investments completed a secondary equity raise that resulted in an unrealized gain of $178 million.
Net unrealized gains recognized for the year ended January 28, 2024 for non-marketable investments in non-affiliated entities still held as of January 28, 2024 were $174 million. Net unrealized and realized gains related to non-marketable equity securities were not significant for fiscal years 2023 and 2022.
The following table summarizes the cumulative gross unrealized gains and cumulative gross unrealized losses and impairments related to non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative: | | | | | |
| Jan 28, 2024 |
| (In millions) |
| Cumulative gross unrealized gains | $ | 270 | |
| Cumulative gross unrealized losses and impairments | (45) | |
Note 10 - Balance Sheet Components
Two customers accounted for 24% and 11% of our accounts receivable balance as of January 28, 2024. Two customers accounted for 14% and 11% of our accounts receivable balance as of January 29, 2023.
Certain balance sheet components are as follows:
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | (In millions) |
| Inventories: | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
Inventories (1): | |
| Raw materials | |
| Raw materials | |
| Raw materials | Raw materials | $ | 632 | | | $ | 249 | |
| Work in-process | Work in-process | 457 | | | 265 | |
| Finished goods | Finished goods | 737 | | | 465 | |
| Total inventories | Total inventories | $ | 1,826 | | | $ | 979 | |
(1) In fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we recorded an inventory provision of $774 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, in cost of revenue.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Estimated
Useful Life |
| | | | | |
| (In millions) | | (In years) |
| Property and Equipment: | | | | | |
| Land | $ | 218 | | | $ | 218 | | | (A) |
| Building | 341 | | | 340 | | | 25-30 |
| Test equipment | 782 | | | 532 | | | 3-5 |
| | | | | |
| Computer equipment and software | 1,187 | | | 908 | | | 3-5 |
| Leasehold improvements | 385 | | | 293 | | | (B) |
| | | | | |
| Office furniture and equipment | 86 | | | 74 | | | 5 |
| Construction in process | 558 | | | 320 | | | (C) |
| Total property and equipment, gross | 3,557 | | | 2,685 | | | |
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,408) | | | (1,011) | | | |
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | 2,149 | | | $ | 1,674 | | | |
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Estimated
Useful Life |
| | | | | |
| (In millions) | | (In years) |
| Property and Equipment: | | | | | |
| Land | $ | 218 | | | $ | 218 | | | (A) |
| Buildings, leasehold improvements, and furniture | 1,816 | | | 1,598 | | | (B) |
| Equipment, compute hardware, and software | 5,200 | | | 4,303 | | | 3-7 |
| Construction in process | 189 | | | 382 | | | (C) |
| Total property and equipment, gross | 7,423 | | | 6,501 | | | |
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (3,509) | | | (2,694) | | | |
| Total property and equipment, net | $ | 3,914 | | | $ | 3,807 | | | |
(A)Land is a non-depreciable asset.
(B)The estimated useful lives of our buildings are up to thirty years. Leasehold improvements and finance leases are amortized based on the lesser of either the asset’s estimated useful life or the expected remaining lease term.
(C)Construction in process represents assets that are not available for their intended use as of the balance sheet date.
Depreciation expense for fiscal years 2021, 2020,2024, 2023, and 20192022 was $486$894 million, $355$844 million, and $233$611 million, respectively.
Accumulated amortization of leasehold improvements and finance leases was $223$400 million and $216$327 million as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, respectively.
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | Other assets: | Other assets: | (In millions) |
| Advanced consideration for acquisition | $ | 1,357 | | | $ | 0 | |
| Other assets: | |
| Other assets: | | (In millions) |
| Prepaid supply and capacity agreements (1) | |
| Investments in non-affiliated entities | |
| Prepaid royalties | Prepaid royalties | 440 | | | 1 | |
| Investment in non-affiliated entities | 144 | | | 77 | |
| Deposits | 136 | | | 8 | |
| | Other | |
| | Other | |
| | Other | Other | 67 | | | 32 | |
| Total other assets | Total other assets | $ | 2,144 | | | $ | 118 | |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
| | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| Accrued and Other Current Liabilities: | |
| Customer program accruals | |
| Customer program accruals | |
| Customer program accruals | |
| Excess inventory purchase obligations (1) | |
| Deferred revenue (2) | |
| Accrued payroll and related expenses | |
| Product warranty and return provisions | |
| Taxes payable | |
| Operating leases | |
| Unsettled share repurchases | |
| Licenses and royalties | |
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | (In millions) |
| Accrued and Other Current Liabilities: | |
| Customer program accruals | $ | 630 | | | $ | 462 | |
| Accrued payroll and related expenses | 297 | | | 185 | |
| Deferred revenue (1) | 288 | | | 141 | |
| Licenses and royalties | 128 | | | 66 | |
| Operating leases | 121 | | | 91 | |
| Coupon interest on debt obligations | 74 | | | 20 | |
| Taxes payable | 61 | | | 61 | |
| Product warranty and return provisions | 39 | | | 24 | |
| | Professional service fees | 26 | | | 18 | |
| | Other | |
| | Other | |
| | | Other | Other | 61 | | | 29 | |
| Total accrued and other current liabilities | Total accrued and other current liabilities | $ | 1,725 | | | $ | 1,097 | |
(1)In fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we recorded an expense of approximately $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, in cost of revenue for inventory purchase obligations in excess of our current demand projections, supplier charges and for penalties related to cancellations and underutilization.
(2)Deferred revenue primarily includes customer advances and deferrals related to support for hardware and software, license and development arrangements, and PCS.cloud services. $233 million and $35 million of the balance in fiscal 2024 and 2023 respectively, related to customer advances.
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | (In millions) |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| Other Long-Term Liabilities: | Other Long-Term Liabilities: | |
| Income tax payable (1) | |
| Income tax payable (1) | |
| Income tax payable (1) | Income tax payable (1) | $ | 836 | | | $ | 528 | |
| Deferred income tax | Deferred income tax | 241 | | | 29 | |
| Deferred revenue (2) | Deferred revenue (2) | 163 | | | 60 | |
| Licenses payable | Licenses payable | 56 | | | 110 | |
| Employee benefits | 33 | | | 22 | |
| | Other | |
| | Other | |
| | Other | Other | 46 | | | 26 | |
| Total other long-term liabilities | Total other long-term liabilities | $ | 1,375 | | | $ | 775 | |
(1)As of January 31, 2021, incomeIncome tax payable representsis comprised of the long-term portion of the one-time transition tax payable, of $284 million, long-term portion of the unrecognized tax benefits, of $352 million,and related interest and penalties of $43 million, and other foreign long-term tax payable of $157 million.penalties.
(2)Deferred revenue primarily includes deferrals related to PCS.support for hardware and software.
Deferred Revenue
The following table shows the changes in deferred revenue during fiscal years 20212024 and 2020.2023.
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| (In millions) | |
| Balance at beginning of period | |
| Deferred revenue additions during the period | |
| | (In millions) |
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 201 | | | $ | 138 | |
| Deferred revenue added during the period | 536 | | | 334 | |
| Addition due to business combinations | 75 | | | 0 | |
| Revenue recognized during the period | |
| Revenue recognized during the period | |
| Revenue recognized during the period | Revenue recognized during the period | (361) | | | (271) | |
| Balance at end of period | Balance at end of period | $ | 451 | | | $ | 201 | |
Revenue recognized during fiscal year 2024 that was included in deferred revenue as of January 29, 2023 was $338 million. Revenue recognized during fiscal year 2023 that was included in deferred revenue as of January 30, 2022 was $282 million.
Revenue related to remaining performance obligations represents the contracted license and development arrangements and support for hardware and software. This includes deferred revenue currently recorded and amounts that will be
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
invoiced in future periods. Revenue relatedallocated to remaining performance obligations, represents the remaining contracted license, development arrangements and PCS that has not been recognized. Thiswhich includes related deferred revenue currently recorded and amounts that will be invoiced in future periods. As of January 31, 2021, the amount of our remaining performance that has not beenand recognized as revenue in future periods, was $683 million,$1.1 billion as of which weJanuary 28, 2024. We expect to recognize approximately 44% as40% of this revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter. This amount excludes the value of remainingrevenue related to performance obligations for contracts with an original expecteda length of one year or less.
Note 11 - Derivative Financial Instruments
We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on our operating expenses. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting treatment. Gains or losses on the contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and reclassified to operating expense when the related operating expenses are recognized in earnings or ineffectiveness should occur. The fair value of the contracts was not significant as of January 31, 2021 and January 26, 2020.
We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the impact of foreign currency movements on monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These forward contracts were not designated for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value of these contracts is recorded in other income or expense and offsets the change in fair value of the hedged foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income or expense.
The table below presents the notional value of our foreign currency forward contracts outstandingoutstanding:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 1,168 | | | $ | 1,128 | |
| Non-designated hedges | $ | 597 | | | $ | 366 | |
The unrealized gains and losses or fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts was not significant as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 840 | | | $ | 428 | |
| Not designated for hedge accounting | $ | 441 | | | $ | 287 | |
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, all designated foreign currency forward contracts mature within eighteen18 months. The expected realized gains and losses deferred into accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)or loss related to foreign currency forward contracts within the next twelve months was not significant.
During fiscal years 20212024 and 2020,2023, the impact of derivative financial instruments designated for hedge accounting treatment on other comprehensive income or loss was not significant and all such instruments were determined to be highly effective. Therefore, there were no gains or losses associated with ineffectiveness.
Note 12 - Debt
Long-Term Debt
In March 2020, we issued $1.50 billion of the 2.85% Notes Due 2030, $1.00 billion of the 3.50% Notes Due 2040, $2.00 billion of the 3.50% Notes Due 2050, and $500 million of the 3.70% Notes Due 2060, or collectively, the March 2020 Notes. Interest on the March 2020 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2020. Upon 30 days' notice to holders of the Notes, we may redeem the Notes for cash prior to maturity, at redemption prices that include accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and a make-whole premium. However, no make-whole premium will be paid for redemptions of the Notes Due 2030 on or after January 1, 2030, the Notes Due 2040 on or after October 1, 2039, the Notes Due 2050 on or after October 1, 2049, or the Notes Due 2060 on or after October 1, 2059. The net proceeds from the March 2020 Notes were $4.97 billion, after deducting debt discount and issuance costs.
In September 2016, we issued $1.00 billion of the 2.20% Notes Due 2021, and $1.00 billion of the 3.20% Notes Due 2026, or collectively, the September 2016 Notes. Interest on the September 2016 Notes is payable on March 16 and September 16 of each year. Upon 30 days' notice to holders of the Notes, we may redeem the Notes for cash prior to maturity, at redemption prices that include accrued and unpaid interest, if any, and a make-whole premium. However, no make-whole premium will be paid for redemptions of the Notes Due 2021 on or after August 16, 2021, or for redemptions of the Notes Due 2026 on or after June 16, 2026. The net proceeds from the September 2016 Notes were $1.98 billion, after deducting debt discount and issuance costs.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
BothNote 12 - Debt
Long-Term Debt
The carrying value of our outstanding notes, the September 2016 Notescalendar year of maturity, and the March 2020associated interest rates were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected
Remaining Term (years) | | Effective
Interest Rate | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | (In millions) |
| | | | | | | | |
| 0.309% Notes Due 2023 (1) | | — | | 0.41% | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,250 | |
| 0.584% Notes Due 2024 | | 0.4 | | 0.66% | | 1,250 | | | 1,250 | |
| 3.20% Notes Due 2026 | | 2.6 | | 3.31% | | 1,000 | | | 1,000 | |
| 1.55% Notes Due 2028 | | 4.4 | | 1.64% | | 1,250 | | | 1,250 | |
| 2.85% Notes Due 2030 | | 6.2 | | 2.93% | | 1,500 | | | 1,500 | |
| 2.00% Notes Due 2031 | | 7.4 | | 2.09% | | 1,250 | | | 1,250 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2040 | | 16.2 | | 3.54% | | 1,000 | | | 1,000 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2050 | | 26.2 | | 3.54% | | 2,000 | | | 2,000 | |
| 3.70% Notes Due 2060 | | 36.2 | | 3.73% | | 500 | | | 500 | |
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | | | | | | (41) | | | (47) | |
| Net carrying amount | | | | | | 9,709 | | | 10,953 | |
| Less short-term portion | | | | | | (1,250) | | | (1,250) | |
| Total long-term portion | | | | | | $ | 8,459 | | | $ | 9,703 | |
(1) In fiscal year 2024, we repaid the 0.309% Notes or collectively, the Notes,Due 2023.
All our notes are our unsecured senior obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Notes are structurally subordinated to the liabilities of our subsidiaries and are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.obligations. All existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries will be effectively senior to the Notes.
The carrying valuenotes. Our notes pay interest semi-annually. We may redeem each of our notes prior to maturity, subject to a make-whole premium as defined in the Notes and the associated interest rates were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Expected
Remaining Term (years) | | Effective
Interest Rate | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | (In millions) |
| 2.20% Notes Due 2021 | | 0.6 | | 2.38% | | $ | 1,000 | | | $ | 1,000 | |
| 3.20% Notes Due 2026 | | 5.6 | | 3.31% | | 1,000 | | | 1,000 | |
| 2.85% Notes Due 2030 | | 9.2 | | 2.93% | | 1,500 | | | 0 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2040 | | 19.2 | | 3.54% | | 1,000 | | | 0 | |
| 3.50% Notes Due 2050 | | 29.2 | | 3.54% | | 2,000 | | | 0 | |
| 3.70% Notes Due 2060 | | 39.2 | | 3.73% | | 500 | | | 0 | |
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | | | | | | (37) | | | (9) | |
| Net carrying amount | | | | | | 6,963 | | | 1,991 | |
| Less short-term portion | | | | | | (999) | | | 0 | |
| Total long-term portion | | | | | | $ | 5,964 | | | $ | 1,991 | |
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we were in compliance with the required covenants, which are non-financial in nature, under the Notes.outstanding notes.
Credit Facilities
We have a Credit Agreement under which we may borrow up to $575 million for general corporate purposes and can obtain revolving loan commitments up to $425 million. As of January 31, 2021, we had 0t borrowed any amounts and were in compliance with the required covenants under this agreement. The Credit Agreement expires October 2021.Commercial Paper
We have a $575 million commercial paper program to support general corporate purposes. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had 0t issued anyno commercial paper.paper outstanding.
Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
Our purchase obligations reflect our commitments to purchase components used to manufacture our products, including long-term supply and capacity agreements, certain software and technology licenses, other goods and services and long-lived assets.
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had outstanding inventory purchase and long-term supply and capacity obligations totaling $2.54$16.1 billion. We enter into agreements with contract manufacturers that allow them to procure inventory based upon criteria as defined by us, and in certain instances, these agreements allow us the option to cancel, reschedule, and adjust our requirements based on our business needs prior to firm orders being placed, but these changes may result in the payment of costs incurred through the date of cancellation. Other non-inventory purchase obligations were $4.6 billion, which includes $3.5 billion of multi-year cloud service agreements, primarily to support our research and development efforts.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Total future purchase commitments as of January 28, 2024 are expected to occur over the next 12 months, and other purchase obligations totaling $317 million, which are primarily expected to occur over the next 18 months.as follows:
| | | | | |
| Commitments |
| | (In millions) |
| Fiscal Year: | |
| 2025 | $ | 17,316 | |
| 2026 | 1,143 | |
| 2027 | 1,060 | |
| 2028 | 770 | |
| 2029 and thereafter | 418 | |
| Total | $ | 20,707 | |
Accrual for Product Warranty Liabilities
The estimated amount of product warranty liabilities was $22$306 million and $15$82 million as of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, respectively. The estimated product returns and estimated product warranty activity consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| (In millions) |
| Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 82 | | | $ | 46 | | | $ | 22 | |
| Additions | | 278 | | | 145 | | 40 |
| Utilization | | (54) | | | (109) | | | (16) | |
| Balance at end of period | | $ | 306 | | | $ | 82 | | | $ | 46 | |
In connection with certain agreements that we have enteredfiscal years 2024 and 2023, the additions in the past, weproduct warranty liabilities primarily related to Compute & Networking segment.
We have provided indemnities to cover the indemnified party for matters such as tax, product, and employee liabilities. We have included intellectual property indemnification provisions in our technology relatedtechnology-related agreements with third parties. Maximum potential future payments cannot be estimated because many of these agreements do not have a maximum stated liability. We have not recorded any liability in our Consolidated Financial Statements for such indemnifications.
Litigation
Securities Class Action and Derivative Lawsuits
The plaintiffs in the putative securities class action lawsuit, captioned 4:18-cv-07669-HSG, initially filed on December 21, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and titled In Re NVIDIA Corporation
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
Securities Litigation, filed an amended complaint on May 13, 2020. The amended complaint assertsasserted that NVIDIA and certain NVIDIA executives violated Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5, by making materially false or misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand between May 10, 2017 and November 14, 2018. Plaintiffs also allegealleged that the NVIDIA executives who they named as defendants violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. Plaintiffs seeksought class certification, an award of unspecified compensatory damages, an award of reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and expert fees, and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. On June 29, 2020, NVIDIA movedMarch 2, 2021, the district court granted NVIDIA’s motion to dismiss the amended complaint without leave to amend, entered judgment in favor of NVIDIA and closed the case. On March 30, 2021, plaintiffs filed an appeal from judgment in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, case number 21-15604. On August 25, 2023, a majority of a three-judge Ninth Circuit panel affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s dismissal of the case, with a third judge dissenting on the basis that plaintiffs failed to state any claimsthe district court did not err in dismissing the case. On November 15, 2023, the Ninth Circuit denied NVIDIA’s petition for violationsrehearing en banc of the securities laws byNinth Circuit panel’s majority decision to reverse in part the dismissal of the case, which NVIDIA orhad filed on October 10, 2023. On November 21, 2023, NVIDIA filed a motion with the individual defendants. AsNinth Circuit for a stay of September 14, 2020, the mandate pending NVIDIA’s petition for a writ of certiorari in the Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court’s
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
resolution of the matter. On December 5, 2023, the Ninth Circuit granted NVIDIA’s motion was fully briefed butto stay the Court has not yet issuedmandate. NVIDIA’s deadline to file a decision.petition for a writ of certiorari is March 4, 2024.
The putative derivative lawsuit pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned 4:19-cv-00341-HSG, initially filed January 18, 2019 and titled In re NVIDIA Corporation Consolidated Derivative Litigation, remainswas stayed pending resolution of NVIDIA’s motion to dismiss the complaintplaintiffs’ appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action. On February 22, 2022, the court administratively closed the case, but stated that it would reopen the case once the appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action is resolved. Following the Ninth Circuit’s denial of NVIDIA’s petition for rehearing on November 15, 2023, the parties are conferring regarding the next steps in this derivative matter. The lawsuit asserts claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to NVIDIA’s corporate governance and internal procedures.
The putative derivative actions initially filed September 24, 2019 and pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Lipchitz v. Huang, et al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-01795-UNA) and Nelson v. Huang, et. al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-01798- UNA), remain stayed pending resolution of NVIDIA’s motion to dismiss the complaintplaintiffs’ appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action. Following the Ninth Circuit’s denial of NVIDIA’s petition for rehearing on November 15, 2023, the parties are conferring regarding the next steps in these derivative matters. The lawsuits assert claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, insider trading, misappropriation of information, corporate waste and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act based on the dissemination of allegedly false, and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and other relief, including disgorgement of profits from the sale of NVIDIA stock and unspecified corporate governance measures.
It is possible that additional suits will beAnother putative derivative action was filed or allegations received from shareholders, with respect to these same or other matters, naming NVIDIA and/or itson October 30, 2023 in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, captioned Horanic v. Huang, et al. (Case No. 2023-1096-KSJM). This lawsuit asserts claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors as defendants.of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty and insider trading based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and other relief, including disgorgement of profits from the sale of NVIDIA stock and reform of unspecified corporate governance measures. This derivative matter is stayed pending the final resolution of In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action.
Accounting for Loss Contingencies
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we have not recorded any accrual for contingent liabilities associated with the legal proceedings described above based on our belief that liabilities, while possible, are not probable. Further, except as specifically described above, any possible loss or range of loss in these matters cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. We are engaged in legal actions not described above arising in the ordinary course of business and, while there can be no assurance of favorable outcomes, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, liquidity or financial position.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Note 14 - Income Taxes
The income tax expense (benefit) applicable to income before income taxes consists of the following:
| | | | | Year Ended |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | Year Ended |
| | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Current income taxes: | Current income taxes: | | | | | | Current income taxes: | | | |
| Federal | Federal | $ | 197 | | | $ | 65 | | | $ | 1 | |
| State | State | 1 | | | 4 | | | 0 | |
| Foreign | Foreign | 161 | | | 87 | | | 69 | |
| Total current | Total current | 359 | | | 156 | | | 70 | |
| Deferred taxes: | | | | | |
| Deferred income taxes: | | Deferred income taxes: | | | |
| Federal | Federal | (246) | | | 2 | | | (315) | |
| | State | |
| Foreign | Foreign | (36) | | | 16 | | | 0 | |
| Total deferred | Total deferred | (282) | | | 18 | | | (315) | |
| | Income tax expense (benefit) | Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 77 | | | $ | 174 | | | $ | (245) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | |
Income before income tax consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Domestic | $ | 1,437 | | | $ | 620 | | | $ | 1,843 | |
| Foreign | 2,972 | | | 2,350 | | | 2,053 | |
| Income before income tax | $ | 4,409 | | | $ | 2,970 | | | $ | 3,896 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| U.S. | $ | 29,495 | | | $ | 3,477 | | | $ | 8,446 | |
| Foreign | 4,323 | | | 704 | | | 1,495 | |
| Income before income tax | $ | 33,818 | | | $ | 4,181 | | | $ | 9,941 | |
The income tax expense (benefit) differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to income before income taxes as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
| Tax expense computed at federal statutory rate | $ | 926 | | | $ | 624 | | | $ | 818 | |
| Expense (benefit) resulting from: | | | | | |
| State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | 10 | | | 12 | | | 23 | |
| Foreign tax rate differential | (561) | | | (301) | | | (412) | |
| U.S. federal R&D tax credit | (173) | | | (110) | | | (141) | |
| Stock-based compensation | (136) | | | (60) | | | (191) | |
| Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 | 0 | | | 0 | | | (368) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | 11 | | | 9 | | | 26 | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 77 | | | $ | 174 | | | $ | (245) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | (In millions, except percentages) |
| Tax expense computed at federal statutory rate | $ | 7,102 | | | 21.0 | % | | $ | 878 | | | 21.0 | % | | $ | 2,088 | | | 21.0 | % |
| Expense (benefit) resulting from: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | 120 | | | 0.4 | % | | 50 | | | 1.2 | % | | 42 | | | 0.4 | % |
| Foreign-derived intangible income | (1,408) | | | (4.2) | % | | (739) | | | (17.7) | % | | (520) | | | (5.2) | % |
| Stock-based compensation | (741) | | | (2.2) | % | | (309) | | | (7.4) | % | | (337) | | | (3.4) | % |
| Foreign tax rate differential | (467) | | | (1.4) | % | | (83) | | | (2.0) | % | | (497) | | | (5.0) | % |
| U.S. federal research and development tax credit | (431) | | | (1.3) | % | | (278) | | | (6.6) | % | | (289) | | | (2.9) | % |
| Acquisition termination cost | — | | | — | % | | 261 | | | 6.2 | % | | — | | | — | % |
| IP domestication | — | | | — | % | | — | | | — | % | | (244) | | | (2.5) | % |
| Other | (117) | | | (0.3) | % | | 33 | | | 0.8 | % | | (54) | | | (0.5) | % |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 4,058 | | | 12.0 | % | | $ | (187) | | | (4.5) | % | | $ | 189 | | | 1.9 | % |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
The tax effect of temporary differences that gives rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:
| | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Deferred tax assets: | Deferred tax assets: | | Deferred tax assets: | |
| Capitalized research and development expenditure | |
| GILTI deferred tax assets | GILTI deferred tax assets | $ | 709 | | | $ | 428 | |
| Accruals and reserves, not currently deductible for tax purposes | |
| Research and other tax credit carryforwards | Research and other tax credit carryforwards | 650 | | | 605 | |
| Net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards | |
| Operating lease liabilities | Operating lease liabilities | 120 | | | 114 | |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 100 | | | 62 | |
| Accruals and reserves, not currently deductible for tax purposes | 59 | | | 39 | |
| Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation | 36 | | | 28 | |
| Property, equipment and intangible assets | Property, equipment and intangible assets | 32 | | | 12 | |
| Other deferred tax assets | |
| Gross deferred tax assets | Gross deferred tax assets | 1,706 | | | 1,288 | |
| Less valuation allowance | Less valuation allowance | (728) | | | (621) | |
| Total deferred tax assets | Total deferred tax assets | 978 | | | 667 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
| Acquired intangibles | (191) | | | (1) | |
| Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries | Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries | (111) | | | (40) | |
| Operating lease assets | Operating lease assets | (111) | | | (107) | |
| Acquired intangibles | |
| Gross deferred tax liabilities | Gross deferred tax liabilities | (413) | | | (148) | |
| Net deferred tax asset (1) | Net deferred tax asset (1) | $ | 565 | | | $ | 519 | |
(1) Net deferred tax asset includes long-term deferred tax assets of $806 million$6.1 billion and $548 million$3.4 billion and long-term deferred tax liabilities of $241$462 million and $29$247 million for fiscal years 20212024 and 2020,2023, respectively. Long-term deferred tax liabilities are included in other long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We recognized an income tax expense of $77 million and $174 million for fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively, and income tax benefit of $245 million for fiscal year 2019. Our annual effective tax rate was 1.7%, 5.9%, and (6.3)% for fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020 was primarily due to a decrease in the proportional amount of earnings subject to United States tax and an increase of tax benefits from stock-based compensation. The increase in our effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2019 was primarily due to an absence of tax benefits related to the enactment of the TCJA and a decrease of tax benefits from stock-based compensation.
Our effective tax rate for fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019 was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions, including the British Virgin Islands, Israel and Hong Kong, where the tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, recognition of U.S. federal research tax credits, excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, and the finalization of the enactment-date income tax effects of the TCJA in 2019.
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we completed the acquisition of Mellanox. As a result of the acquisition, we recorded $256 million of net deferred tax liabilities primarily on the excess of book basis over the tax basis of the acquired intangible assets and undistributed earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries. We also recorded $153 million of long-term tax liabilities related to tax basis differences in Mellanox. The net deferred tax liabilities and long-term tax liabilities are based upon certain assumptions underlying our purchase price allocation. As a result of the acquisition, as of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we intend to indefinitely reinvest approximately $1.16$1.1 billion and $250 million of cumulative undistributed earnings held by Mellanox non-U.S. subsidiaries.certain subsidiaries in Israel and the United Kingdom, respectively. We have not provided the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities for temporary differences related to these investments in Mellanox non-U.S. subsidiaries as the determination of such amount is not practicable.
As of January 31, 202128, 2024 and January 26, 2020,29, 2023, we had a valuation allowance of $728 million$1.6 billion and $621 million,$1.5 billion, respectively, related to capital loss carryforwards, and certain state and certain foreignother deferred tax assets that management determined are not likely to be realized due, in part, to jurisdictional projections of future taxable income.income, including capital gains. To the extent realization of the deferred tax
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
assets becomes more-likely-than-not, we would recognize such deferred tax assetassets as an income tax benefitbenefits during the period.
As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had U.S. federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $333$315 million, $308$342 million and $344$361 million, respectively. The federal and state carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal year 2023years 2026 and 2022,2025, respectively. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $344$361 million may be carried forward indefinitely. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we had federal research tax credit carryforwards of $238$31 million, before the impact of uncertain tax positions, that will begin to expire in fiscal year 2035.2025. We have state research tax credit carryforwards of $987 million,$1.6 billion, before the impact of which $944 millionuncertain tax positions. $1.5 billion is attributable to the State of California and may be carried over indefinitely and $43$75 million is attributable to various other states and will begin to expire in fiscal year 2022. 2025. As of January 28, 2024, we had federal capital loss carryforwards of $1.4 billion that will begin to expire in fiscal year 2025.
Our tax attributes net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, remain subject to audit and may be adjusted for changes or modification in tax laws, other authoritative interpretations thereof, or other facts and circumstances. Utilization of federal, state, and foreign net operating losses and tax credit carryforwardsattributes may also be subject to limitations due to ownership changes and other limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state and foreign tax provisions. If any such limitations apply, the federal, state, or foreign net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, as applicable,attributes may expire or be denied before utilization.
Table of January 31, 2021, we had $776 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which $606 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. However, $132 million of the unrecognized tax benefits were related to state income tax positions taken, that, if recognized, would be in the form of a carryforward deferred tax asset that would likely attract a full valuation allowance. The $606 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of January 31, 2021 consisted of $352 million recorded in non-current income taxes payable, $5 million recorded in current income taxes payable,Contents NVIDIA Corporation and $249 million reflected as a reductionSubsidiaries
Notes to the related deferred tax assets.Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
A reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| | | | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | (In millions) | (In millions) |
| Balance at beginning of period | Balance at beginning of period | $ | 583 | | | $ | 477 | | | $ | 447 | |
| Increases in tax positions for current year | Increases in tax positions for current year | 158 | | | 104 | | | 129 | |
| Increases in tax positions for prior years (1) | 60 | | | 7 | | | 52 | |
| Increases in tax positions for prior years | |
| Decreases in tax positions for prior years | Decreases in tax positions for prior years | (11) | | | 0 | | | (141) | |
| Settlements | Settlements | (5) | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Lapse in statute of limitations | Lapse in statute of limitations | (9) | | | (5) | | | (10) | |
| Balance at end of period | Balance at end of period | $ | 776 | | | $ | 583 | | | $ | 477 | |
(1) The fiscal year 2021Included in the balance represents prior year grossof unrecognized tax benefits recorded as a result of the Mellanox acquisition.
We classify an unrecognized tax benefit as a current liability, or amount refundable, to the extent that we anticipate payment or receipt of cash for income taxes within one year. The amount is classified as a long-term liability, or reduction of long-term deferred tax assets or amount refundable, if we anticipate payment or receipt of cash for income taxes during a period beyond a year.
Our policy is toWe include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We recognized net interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax expense line of our consolidated statements of income of $42 million, $33 million, and $14 million during fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of January 31, 2021, January 26, 2020,28, 2024 and January 27, 2019,29, 2023, we hadhave accrued $44 million, $31$140 million and $21$95 million, respectively, for the payment of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, which is not included as a component of our gross unrecognized tax benefits. As of January 31, 2021, unrecognized tax benefits of $352 million and the related interest and penalties of $43 million are included in non-current income taxes payable, and unrecognized tax benefits of $5 million and the related interest and penalties of $1 million are included in current income taxes payable.
While we believe that we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by tax authorities could be greater or less than our accrued position. Accordingly, our provisions on federal, state and foreign tax-related matters to be recorded in the future may change as revised estimates are made or the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we dohave not believeidentified any positions for which it is reasonably possible that our estimates, as otherwise provided for, on suchthe total amounts of unrecognized tax positionsbenefits will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
We are subject to taxation by taxing authorities both in the United States and other countries. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, the significant tax jurisdictions that may be subject to examination include the United States for fiscal years after 2020, as well as China, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Taiwan, China,and the United Kingdom Germany, Israel, and India for fiscal years 2005 through 2020.2023. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, the significant tax jurisdictions for which we are currently under examination include the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, India, Israel, and India,Taiwan for fiscal years 2005 through 2019.2023.
Note 15 - Shareholders’ Equity
Capital Return Program
BeginningIn August 2004,2023, our Board of Directors authorized usapproved an increase to repurchase our stock.
Through January 31, 2021, we have repurchased an aggregate of 260 million shares under our share repurchase program of an additional $25.0 billion, without expiration. During fiscal year 2024, we repurchased 21 million shares of our common stock for a total cost of $7.08$9.7 billion. All shares delivered from these repurchases have been placed into treasury stock. As of January 31, 2021,28, 2024, we arewere authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase additional shares of our common stock up to $7.24$22.5 billion. From January 29, 2024 through February 16, 2024, we repurchased 2.8 million shares for $1.9 billion through December 2022.pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. Our share repurchase program aims to offset dilution from shares issued to employees. We may pursue additional share repurchases as we weigh market factors and other investment opportunities.
During fiscal year 2021,years 2024, 2023, and 2022, we paid $395 million, $398 million, and $399 million in cash dividends to our shareholders, respectively. Our cash dividend program and the payment of future cash dividends under that program are subject to our Board of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our shareholders.
In fiscal year 2022, we retired our existing 349 million treasury shares. These shares assumed the status of authorized and unissued shares upon retirement. The excess of repurchase price over par value was allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings, resulting in a reduction in additional paid-in capital by $20 million and retained earnings by $12.0 billion. Any future repurchased shares will assume the status of authorized and unissued shares.
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
Note 16 - Employee Retirement Plans
We provide tax-qualified defined contribution plans to eligible employees in the U.S. and certain other countries. Our contribution expense for fiscal years 2021, 2020,2024, 2023, and 20192022 was $120$255 million, $76$227 million, and $70$168 million, respectively.
Note 17 - Segment Information
Our Chief Executive Officer, who is considered to be our chief operating decision maker, or CODM, reviews financial information presented on an operating segment basis for purposes of making decisions and assessing financial performance. In the prior fiscal year, we had reported 2 operating segments: GPU
The Compute & Networking segment includes our Data Center accelerated computing platform; networking; automotive artificial intelligence, or AI, Cockpit, autonomous driving development agreements, and Tegra Processor. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we changed our operating segments to be consistent with the revised manner in which our CODM reviews our financial performanceautonomous vehicle solutions; electric vehicle computing platforms; Jetson for robotics and allocates resources. The 2 new operating segments are "Graphics"other embedded platforms; NVIDIA AI Enterprise and "Compute & Networking". Comparative periods presented reflect this change. Our operating segments are equivalent to our reportable segments.other software; and DGX Cloud.
OurThe Graphics segment includes GeForce GPUs for gaming and PCs, the GeForce NOW game streaming service and related infrastructure, and solutions for gaming platforms; Quadro/NVIDIA RTX GPUs for enterprise design; GRIDworkstation graphics; virtual GPU software for cloud-based visual and virtual computing; and automotive platforms for infotainment systems. Our Compute & Networking segment includes Data Center platformssystems; and systemsOmniverse Enterprise software for AI, HPC,building and accelerated computing; Mellanox networking and interconnect solutions; automotive AI Cockpit, autonomous driving development agreements, and autonomous vehicle solutions; and Jetson for robotics and other embedded platforms.operating 3D internet applications.
Operating results by segment include costs or expenses that are directly attributable to each segment, and costs or expenses that are leveraged across our unified architecture and therefore allocated between our 2two segments.
The “All Other” category includes the expenses that our CODM does not assign to either Graphics or Compute & Networking or Graphics for purposes of making operating decisions or assessing financial performance. The expenses include stock-based compensation expense, corporate infrastructure and support costs, acquisition-related and other costs, legal settlementintellectual property related, or IP-related costs, acquisition termination cost, and other non-recurring charges and benefits that our CODM deems to be enterprise in nature.
Our CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on a reportable segment basis. Depreciation and amortization expense directly attributable to each reportable segment is included in operating results for each segment. However, theour CODM does not evaluate depreciation and amortization expense by operating segment and, therefore, it is not separately presented. There is no intersegment revenue. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for our consolidated financial statements. The table below presents details of our reportable segments and the “All Other” category.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Compute & Networking | | Graphics | | All Other | | Consolidated |
| | | | | | | |
| (In millions) |
| Year Ended Jan 28, 2024: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 47,405 | | | $ | 13,517 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 60,922 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 32,016 | | | $ | 5,846 | | | $ | (4,890) | | | $ | 32,972 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Year Ended Jan 29, 2023: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 15,068 | | | $ | 11,906 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,974 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 5,083 | | | $ | 4,552 | | | $ | (5,411) | | | $ | 4,224 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Year Ended Jan 30, 2022: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 11,046 | | | $ | 15,868 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,914 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 4,598 | | | $ | 8,492 | | | $ | (3,049) | | | $ | 10,041 | |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Graphics | | Compute & Networking | | All Other | | Consolidated |
| | | | | | | |
| (In millions) |
| Year Ended January 31, 2021: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 9,834 | | | $ | 6,841 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 16,675 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 4,612 | | | $ | 2,548 | | | $ | (2,628) | | | $ | 4,532 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 26, 2020: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 7,639 | | | $ | 3,279 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 10,918 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 3,267 | | | $ | 751 | | | $ | (1,172) | | | $ | 2,846 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 27, 2019: | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | $ | 8,159 | | | $ | 3,557 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 11,716 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Operating income (loss) | $ | 3,417 | | | $ | 1,251 | | | $ | (864) | | | $ | 3,804 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | | |
| (In millions) |
| Reconciling items included in "All Other" category: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | $ | (1,397) | | | $ | (844) | | | $ | (557) | |
| Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization | (591) | | | (6) | | | (6) | |
| Unallocated cost of revenue and operating expenses | (357) | | | (283) | | | (261) | |
| Acquisition-related inventory step-up charge | (161) | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Acquisition-related and other costs | (84) | | | (25) | | | 4 | |
| IP-related costs | (38) | | | (14) | | | (35) | |
| Legal settlement costs | 0 | | | 0 | | | (9) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | $ | (2,628) | | | $ | (1,172) | | | $ | (864) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended |
| Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | |
| (In millions) |
| Reconciling items included in "All Other" category: | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | $ | (3,549) | | | $ | (2,710) | | | $ | (2,004) | |
| Unallocated cost of revenue and operating expenses | (728) | | | (595) | | | (399) | |
| Acquisition-related and other costs | (583) | | | (674) | | | (636) | |
| IP-related and legal settlement costs | (40) | | | (23) | | | (10) | |
| Restructuring costs and other | — | | | (54) | | | — | |
| Acquisition termination cost | — | | | (1,353) | | | — | |
| Other | 10 | | | (2) | | | — | |
| Total | $ | (4,890) | | | $ | (5,411) | | | $ | (3,049) | |
Revenue by geographic regionareas is allocateddesignated based upon the billing location of the customer. End customer location may be different than our customer’s billing location. Revenue by geographic areas was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | | | | |
| Revenue: | (In millions) |
| United States | $ | 26,966 | | | $ | 8,292 | | | $ | 4,349 | |
| Taiwan | 13,405 | | | 6,986 | | | 8,544 | |
| China (including Hong Kong) | 10,306 | | | 5,785 | | | 7,111 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Other countries | 10,245 | | | 5,911 | | | 6,910 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 60,922 | | | $ | 26,974 | | | $ | 26,914 | |
Revenue from sales to individual countries based oncustomers outside of the locationUnited States accounted for 56%, 69%, and 84% of total revenue for fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The increase in revenue to the United States for fiscal year 2024 was primarily due to higher U.S.-based Compute & Networking segment demand.
Sales to one customer represented 13% of total revenue for fiscal year 2024, which the products are initially billed even if our customers’ revenue iswas attributable to end customers that are located in a different location. The following table summarizes information pertaining to ourthe Compute & Networking segment. No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue from customers based on the invoicing address by geographic regions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 |
| | | | | |
| Revenue: | (In millions) |
| Taiwan | $ | 4,531 | | | $ | 3,025 | | | $ | 3,360 | |
| China (including Hong Kong) | 3,886 | | | 2,731 | | | 2,801 | |
| United States | 3,214 | | | 886 | | | 1,506 | |
| Other Asia Pacific | 3,093 | | | 2,685 | | | 2,368 | |
| Europe | 1,118 | | | 992 | | | 914 | |
| Other countries | 833 | | | 599 | | | 767 | |
| Total revenue | $ | 16,675 | | | $ | 10,918 | | | $ | 11,716 | |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
for fiscal years 2023 and 2022.The following table summarizes information pertaining to our revenue by each of the specialized markets we serve:
| | | | Year Ended | | Year Ended |
| | | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 | | January 27,
2019 | | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 | | Jan 30, 2022 |
| | Revenue: | Revenue: | (In millions) |
| Revenue: | |
| Revenue: | | (In millions) |
| Data Center | |
| Gaming | Gaming | $ | 7,759 | | | $ | 5,518 | | | $ | 6,246 | |
| Professional Visualization | Professional Visualization | 1,053 | | | 1,212 | | | 1,130 | |
| Data Center | 6,696 | | | 2,983 | | | 2,932 | |
| Automotive | Automotive | 536 | | | 700 | | | 641 | |
| OEM & Other | 631 | | | 505 | | | 767 | |
| OEM and Other | |
| Total revenue | Total revenue | $ | 16,675 | | | $ | 10,918 | | | $ | 11,716 | |
NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Continued)
The following table presents summarized information for long-lived assets by geographic region.country. Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and exclude other assets, operating lease assets, goodwill, and intangible assets.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31,
2021 | | January 26,
2020 |
| | | |
| Long-lived assets: | (In millions) |
| United States | $ | 1,643 | | | $ | 1,451 | |
| Taiwan | 183 | | | 114 | |
| Israel | 147 | | | 0 | |
| China (including Hong Kong) | 71 | | | 28 | |
| India | 64 | | | 51 | |
| Europe | 34 | | | 28 | |
| Other countries | 7 | | | 2 | |
| Total long-lived assets | $ | 2,149 | | | $ | 1,674 | |
No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue for fiscal years 2021 and 2019. One customer represented 11% of our total revenue for fiscal year 2020 and was attributable primarily to the Graphics segment.
One customer represented 16% and 21% of our accounts receivable balance as of January 31, 2021 and January 26, 2020, respectively. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jan 28, 2024 | | Jan 29, 2023 |
| | | |
| Long-lived assets: | (In millions) |
| United States | $ | 2,595 | | | $ | 2,587 | |
| Taiwan | 773 | | | 702 | |
| Israel | 325 | | | 283 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Other countries | 221 | | | 235 | |
| Total long-lived assets | $ | 3,914 | | | $ | 3,807 | |
NVIDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIESCorporation and Subsidiaries
SCHEDULESchedule II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Description | | Balance at
Beginning of Period | | Additions | | Deductions | | Balance at
End of Period |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | (In millions) |
| Fiscal year 2021 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 2 | | (1) | $ | 0 | | (1) | $ | 4 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 30 | | (2) | $ | (22) | | (4) | $ | 17 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 621 | | | $ | 107 | | (3) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 728 | |
| Fiscal year 2020 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 0 | | (1) | $ | 0 | | (1) | $ | 2 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 18 | | (2) | $ | (17) | | (4) | $ | 9 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 562 | | | $ | 59 | | (3) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 621 | |
| Fiscal year 2019 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 0 | | (1) | $ | (2) | | (1) | $ | 2 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 9 | | | $ | 21 | | (2) | $ | (22) | | (4) | $ | 8 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 469 | | | $ | 93 | | (3) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 562 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Description | | Balance at
Beginning of Period | | Additions | | Deductions | | Balance at
End of Period |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | (In millions) |
| Fiscal year 2024 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 4 | | | $ | — | | (1) | $ | — | | (1) | $ | 4 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 213 | | (2) | $ | (130) | | (4) | $ | 109 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 1,484 | | | $ | 162 | | (3) | $ | (94) | | (3) | $ | 1,552 | |
| Fiscal year 2023 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 4 | | | $ | — | | (1) | $ | — | | (1) | $ | 4 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 104 | | (2) | $ | (91) | | (4) | $ | 26 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 907 | | | $ | 577 | | (3) | $ | — | | | $ | 1,484 | |
| Fiscal year 2022 | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | | $ | 4 | | | $ | — | | (1) | $ | — | | (1) | $ | 4 | |
| Sales return allowance | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 19 | | (2) | $ | (23) | | (4) | $ | 13 | |
| Deferred tax valuation allowance | | $ | 728 | | | $ | 179 | | (3) | $ | — | | | $ | 907 | |
(1)Additions represent allowance for doubtful accounts charged toeither expense or acquired balances and deductions represent amounts recorded as reduction to expense upon reassessment of allowance for doubtful accounts at period end.write-offs.
(2)Represents allowance for salesAdditions represent estimated product returns estimated at the time revenue is recognized primarily based on historical return rates and is charged as a reduction to revenue.revenue or an acquired balance.
(3)Represents change inAdditional valuation allowance primarily related to state and certain foreignon deferred tax assets that management has determined not likely to be realized due, in part, to projectionsrealized. Additions represent additional valuation allowance on capital loss carryforwards, and certain state and other deferred tax assets. Deductions represent the release of future taxable income of the respective jurisdictions.valuation allowance on certain state deferred tax assets. Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
(4)Represents sales returns.
EXHIBIT INDEX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Incorporated by Reference | | | |
| Exhibit No. | | Exhibit Description | | Schedule/Form | | File Number | | Exhibit | | Filing Date |
| 2.1 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 2.1 | | 3/11/2019 |
| 2.2^ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 2.1 | | 9/14/2020 |
| 3.1 | | | | S-8 | | 333-74905 | | 4.1 | | 3/23/1999 |
| 3.2 | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 3.1 | | 8/21/2008 |
| 3.3 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 3.1 | | 5/24/2011 |
| 3.4 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 3.1 | | 12/1/2016 |
| 4.1 | | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 | | | | | | | | |
| 4.2 | | | | S-1/A | | 333-47495 | | 4.2 | | 4/24/1998 |
| 4.3 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 4.1 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.4 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 4.2 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.5 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex A to Exhibit 4.2 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.6 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex B to Exhibit 4.2 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.7* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4.8 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.9 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex A-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.10 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex B-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.11 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex C-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.12 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | Annex D-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 10.1 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 3/7/2006 |
| 10.2+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985
| | 10.1 | | 6/15/2020 |
| 10.3+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.41 | | 5/27/2011 |
| 10.4+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 12/14/2011 |
| 10.5+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.4 | | 5/23/2012 |
| 10.6+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.20 | | 9/13/2010 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Incorporated by Reference | | |
| Exhibit No. | | Exhibit Description | | Schedule/Form | | | | Exhibit | | Filing Date |
| 2.1 | | | | 8-K | | | | 2.1 | | 3/11/2019 |
| 2.2^ | | | | 8-K | | | | 2.1 | | 9/14/2020 |
| 3.1 | | | | 10-K | | | | 3.1 | | 3/18/2022 |
| 3.2 | | | | 8-K | | | | 3.1 | | 6/6/2022 |
| 3.3 | | | | 8-K | | | | 3.1 | | 3/8/2023 |
| 4.1 | | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 | | | | | | | | |
| 4.2 | | | | S-1/A | | | | 4.2 | | 4/24/1998 |
| 4.3 | | | | 8-K | | | | 4.1 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.4 | | | | 8-K | | | | 4.2 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.5 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex B-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 9/16/2016 |
| 4.6 | | | | 10-K | | | | 4.6 | | 2/24/2023 |
| 4.7 | | | | 8-K | | | | 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.8 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex A-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.9 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex B-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.10 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex C-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.11 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex D-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 3/31/2020 |
| 4.12 | | | | 8-K | | | | 4.2 | | 6/16/2021 |
| 4.13 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex A-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 6/16/2021 |
| 4.14 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex B-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 6/16/2021 |
| 4.15 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex C-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 6/16/2021 |
| 4.16 | | | | 8-K | | | | Annex D-1 to Exhibit 4.2 | | 6/16/2021 |
| 10.1 | | | | 8-K | | | | 10.1 | | 3/7/2006 |
| 10.2+ | | | | 10-K | | | | 10.2 | | 2/24/2023 |
| 10.3+ | | | | 10-K | | | | 10.26 | | 3/12/2015 |
| 10.4+ | | | | 10-K | | | | 10.27 | | 3/12/2015 |
| 10.5+ | | | | 8-K | | | | 10.1 | | 3/11/2019 |
| 10.6+ | | | | 10-Q | | | | 10.2 | | 5/21/2020 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
10.7+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.21 | | 9/13/2010 |
10.8+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 8/22/2012 |
10.9+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.2 | | 8/22/2012 |
10.10+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.3 | | 5/23/2012 |
10.11+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 7/23/2013 |
10.12+ | | | | 10-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.25 | | 3/12/2015 |
10.13+ | | | | 10-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.26 | | 3/12/2015 |
10.14+ | | | | 10-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.27 | | 3/12/2015 |
10.15+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.2 | | 5/20/2015 |
10.16+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.2 | | 5/22/2018 |
10.17+ | | | | 10-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.19 | | 2/21/2019 |
10.18+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 3/11/2019 |
10.19+ | | | | 10-Q | | 0-23985 | | 10.2 | | 5/21/2020 |
10.20+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.2 | | 6/15/2020 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
10.21+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 3/11/2019 |
10.22+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 3/10/2020 |
10.23+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 9/16/2013 |
10.24+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 1/19/2017 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
10.25+ | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 6/17/2019 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 10.26 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 1.1 | | 10/13/2016 |
| 10.27 | | | | 8-K | | 0-23985 | | 10.1 | | 12/15/2017 |
| 10.7+ | |
| 10.7+ | |
| 10.7+ | | | | | 10-Q | | | | 10.2 | | 5/26/2021 |
| 10.8+ | | 10.8+ | | | | 10-K | | | | 10.16 | | 3/18/2022 |
| 10.9+ | | 10.9+ | | | | 10-K | | | | 10.14 | | 2/24/2023 |
| 10.10+ | | 10.10+ | | | | 10-Q | | | | 10.2 | | 8/20/2021 |
| | 10.11+ | |
| 10.11+ | |
| 10.11+ | | | | | 8-K | | | | 10.1 | | 3/9/2022 |
| 10.12+ | | 10.12+ | | | | 8-K | | | | 10.1 | | 3/8/2023 |
| | 10.13 | |
| | 10.13 | |
| | 10.13 | | | | | 8-K | | | | 10.1 | | 12/15/2017 |
| 21.1* | 21.1* | | | | 21.1* | | |
| 23.1* | 23.1* | | | | 23.1* | | |
| 24.1* | 24.1* | | | | 24.1* | | |
| 31.1* | 31.1* | | | 31.1* | | |
| 31.2* | 31.2* | | | 31.2* | | |
| 32.1#* | 32.1#* | | | 32.1#* | | |
| 32.2#* | 32.2#* | | | 32.2#* | | |
| 97.1+* | | 97.1+* | | |
| 101.INS* | 101.INS* | | XBRL Instance Document | | 101.INS* | | XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH* | 101.SCH* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | | 101.SCH* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL* | 101.CAL* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | | 101.CAL* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF* | 101.DEF* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | | 101.DEF* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB* | 101.LAB* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document | | 101.LAB* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE* | 101.PRE* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | | 101.PRE* | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | 104 | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | | 104 | | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |
* Filed herewith.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
# In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management's Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will not be deemed “filed” for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
^ Certain exhibits and schedules have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5).
Copies of above exhibits not contained herein are available to any shareholder upon written request to:
Investor Relations: NVIDIA Corporation, 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051
ITEMItem 16. FORMForm 10-K SUMMARYSummary
Not Applicable.
SIGNATURESSignatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 26, 2021.21, 2024.
| | | | | |
| NVIDIA Corporation |
| By: | /s/ Jen-Hsun Huang |
| | Jen-Hsun Huang |
| | President and Chief Executive Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEYPower of Attorney
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jen-Hsun Huang and Colette M. Kress, and each or any one of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-facts and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| Signature | Title | Date |
| /s/ JEN-HSUN HUANG | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer) | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Jen-Hsun Huang | | |
| /s/ COLETTE M. KRESS | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Colette M. Kress | | |
| /s/ DONALD ROBERTSON | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer) | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Donald Robertson | | |
| /s/ ROBERT BURGESS | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Robert Burgess | | |
| /s/ TENCH COXE | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Tench Coxe | | |
| /s/ JOHN O. DABIRI | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| John O. Dabiri | | |
| /s/ PERSIS DRELL | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Persis Drell | | |
| /s/ DAWN HUDSON | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Dawn Hudson | | |
| /s/ HARVEY C. JONES | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Harvey C. Jones | | |
| /s/ MELISSA B. LORA | Director | February 21, 2024 |
| Melissa B. Lora | | |
| /s/ MICHAEL MCCAFFERY | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Michael McCaffery | | |
| /s/ STEPHEN C. NEAL | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Stephen C. Neal | | |
| /s/ MARK L. PERRY | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Mark L. Perry | | |
| /s/ A. BROOKE SEAWELL | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| A. Brooke Seawell | | |
| /s/ AARTI SHAH | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Aarti Shah | | |
| /s/ MARK STEVENS | Director | February 26, 202121, 2024 |
| Mark Stevens | | |
