UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________
FORM 10-K
______________
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| | |
| (Mark One) |
| x | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 |
| | | |
| | | For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20132016 |
| or |
| | | |
| ¨ | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period From to
Commission File Number: 001-33664
Charter Communications, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
| | |
| Delaware | | 43-185721384-1496755 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
| | | |
400 Atlantic Street Stamford, Connecticut 06901 | | (203) 905-7801905-7800 |
| (Address of principal executive offices including zip code) | | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
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| | |
| Title of each class | | Name of Exchange which registered |
| Class A Common Stock, $.001 Par Value | | NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated“large accelerated filer,” “large accelerated“accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the registrant of outstanding Class A common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 20132016 was approximately $8.849.1 billion, computed based on the closing sale price as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on that date. For purposes of this calculation only, directors, executive officers and the principal controlling shareholders or entities controlled by such controlling shareholders of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates of the registrant.
APPLICABLE ONLY TO REGISTRANTS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes x No o
There were 106,144,075268,897,792 shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of December 31, 20132016. There were no shareswas 1 share of Class B common stock outstanding as of the same date.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Information required by Part III is incorporated by reference from Registrant’s proxy statement or an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be filed by April 30, 2014.2017.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
FORM 10-K — FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20132016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This annual report on Form 10-K is for the year ended December 31, 20132016. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you directly to those documents. Information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report. In addition, information that we file with the SEC in the future will automatically update and supersede information contained in this annual report. In this annual report, “Charter,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Charter Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Explanatory Note
On May 18, 2016, Charter Communications, Inc. (formerly known as CCH I, LLC, the “Company” or “Charter”) completed its previously reported merger transactions among Charter, Time Warner Cable Inc. (“Legacy TWC”), Charter Communications, Inc. (“Legacy Charter”), and certain other subsidiaries of Charter (the “TWC Transaction”). Also on May 18, 2016, Charter completed its previously reported acquisition of Bright House Networks, LLC (“Legacy Bright House”) from Advance/Newhouse Partnership (the “Bright House Transaction,” and, together with the TWC Transaction, the “Transactions”). As a result of the Transactions, Charter became the new public parent company that holds the combined operations of Legacy Charter, Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House and was renamed Charter Communications, Inc. The financial statements presented in this annual report reflect the operations of Legacy Charter through May 17, 2016 and the Company on and after May 18, 2016. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Mergers and Acquisitions - Selected Pro Forma Financial Information” for certain financial information presented as if the Transactions had closed on January 1, 2015. Also see Exhibit 99.1 in Charter’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 filed with the SEC on November 3, 2016 for pro forma financial information for each quarter of 2015 and the first and second quarter of 2016. Throughout this report references to the “Company” or to “Charter” refer to the combined company following the completion of the Transactions.
As a result of the Transactions and by operation of Rule 12g-3(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Charter is the successor issuer to Legacy Charter and succeeds to the attributes of Legacy Charter as the registrant. Charter’s Class A common stock is deemed to be registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and Charter is subject to the Exchange Act to the same extent as Legacy Charter.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:
This annual report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), regarding, among other things, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial including, without limitation, the forward-looking statements set forth in Part I. Item 1. under the heading “Business” and in Part II. Item 7. under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this annual report. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, without limitation, the factors described in Part I. Item 1A. under “Risk Factors” and in Part II. Item 7. under the heading, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this annual report. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this annual report may be identified by the use of forward‑looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “planned,” “will,” “may,” “intend,” “estimated,” “aim,” “on track,” “target,” “opportunity,” “tentative,” “positioning,” “designed,” “create”“create,” “predict,” “project,” “initiatives,” “seek,” “would,” “could,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “upside,” “increases” and “potential,” among others. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this annual report are set forth in this annual report and in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the SEC, and include, but are not limited to:
Risks Related to the Recently Completed Transactions:
our ability to promptly, efficiently and effectively integrate acquired operations;
managing a significantly larger company than before the completion of the Transactions;
our ability to achieve the synergies and value creation contemplated by the Transactions;
changes in Legacy Charter, Legacy TWC or Legacy Bright House operations’ businesses, future cash requirements, capital requirements, results of operations, revenues, financial condition and/or cash flows;
disruption in our business relationships as a result of the Transactions;
the increase in indebtedness as a result of the Transactions, which will increase interest expense and may decrease our operating flexibility;
operating costs and business disruption that may be greater than expected;
the ability to retain and hire key personnel; and
costs, disruptions and possible limitations on operating flexibility related to, and our ability to comply with, regulatory conditions applicable to us as a result of the Transactions.
Risks Related to Our Business
our ability to sustain and grow revenues and cash flow from operations by offering video, Internet, voice, advertising and other services to residential and commercial customers, to adequately meet the customer experience demands in our markets and to maintain and grow our customer base, particularly in the face of increasingly aggressive competition, the need for innovation and the related capital expenditures and the difficult economic conditions in the United States;
expenditures;
the impact of competition from other market participants, including but not limited to incumbent telephone companies, direct broadcast satellite operators, wireless broadband and telephone providers, digital subscriber line (“DSL”) providers, andfiber to the home providers, video provided over the Internet by (i) market participants that have not historically competed in the multichannel video business, (ii) traditional multichannel video distributors, and (iii) content providers that have historically licensed cable networks to multichannel video distributors, and providers of advertising over the Internet;
general business conditions, economic uncertainty or downturn, high unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector;
our ability to obtain programming at reasonable prices or to raise prices to offset, in whole or in part, the effects of higher programming costs (including retransmission consents);
the development and deployment of new products and technologies including in connection with our plan to make our systems all-digital in 2014;
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| • | our ability to develop and deploy new products and technologies including our cloud-based user interface, Spectrum Guide®, and downloadable security for set-top boxes, and any other cloud-based consumer services and service platforms; |
the effects of governmental regulation on our business or potential business combination transaction;transactions;
any events that disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and impair our operating activities or our reputation;
the availability and access, in general, of funds to meet our debt obligations prior to or when they become due and to fund our operations and necessary capital expenditures, either through (i) cash on hand, (ii) free cash flow, or (iii) access to the capital or credit markets; and
our ability to comply with all covenants in our indentures and credit facilities, any violation of which, if not cured in a timely manner, could trigger a default of our other obligations under cross-default provisions; andprovisions.
the ultimate outcome of any possible transaction between Charter and Comcast Corporation ("Comcast") and/or Time Warner Cable Inc. ("TWC") including the possibility that Charter will not pursue any transaction; and if a transaction were to occur, the ultimate outcome and results of integrating the operations, the ultimate outcome of Charter’s pricing and packaging and operating strategy applied to the acquired systems and the ultimate ability to realize synergies.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We are under no duty or obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Introduction
We are among the second largest providers of cable servicesoperator in the United States offeringand a variety of entertainment, information andleading broadband communications solutions to residential and commercial customers. Our infrastructure consists of a hybrid of fiber and coaxial cable plant with approximately 12.8 million estimated passings, with 97% at 550 megahertz (“MHz”) or greater and 98% of plant miles two-way active. A national Internet Protocol (IP) infrastructure interconnects Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”) markets. See "Item 1. Business — Products and Services" for further description of these terms and services including "customers."
As of December 31, 2013, we served approximately 5.9 million residential and commercial customers. We sell ourcompany providing video, Internet and voice services primarily on a subscription basis, often in a bundle of two or more services, providing savings and convenience to our customers. Bundled services are available to approximately 97% of our passings,26.2 million residential and approximately 62% of ourbusiness customers subscribe to a bundle of services.
We served approximately 4.2 million residential video customers as of at December 31, 2013,2016. In addition, we sell video and approximately 92% of our video customers subscribedonline advertising inventory to digital video service. Digital video enables our customers to access advanced video services such as high definition ("HD") television, Charter OnDemand™(“OnDemand”)video programming, an interactive program guide and digital video recorder (“DVR”) service. We initiated our all-digital initiative in 2013 in a number of our markets. We expect to complete our all-digital rollout by the end of 2014. Once a market is all-digital, we will offer over 200 HD channels and faster Internet speeds in these areas.
We also served approximately 4.4 million residential Internet customers as of December 31, 2013. Our Internet service is available in a variety of download speeds up to 100 megabits per second (“Mbps”) and upload speeds of up to 5 Mbps. Approximately 75% of our Internet customers have at least 30 Mbps download speed which currently is the minimum speed we offer.
We provided voice service to approximately 2.3 million residential customers as of December 31, 2013. Our voice services typically include unlimited local and long distance calling to the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico, plus other features, including voicemail, call waiting and caller ID.
Through Charter Business®, we provide scalable, tailored broadband communications solutions to business and carrier organizations, such as video entertainment services, Internet access, business telephone services, data networking and fiber connectivity to cellular towers and office buildings. As of December 31, 2013, we served approximately 567,000 commercial primary service units, primarily small- and medium-sized commercial customers. Our advertising sales division, Charter Media®, provides local, regional and national businesses withadvertising customers and fiber-delivered communications and managed information technology (“IT”) solutions to larger enterprise customers. We also own and operate regional sports networks and local sports, news and lifestyle channels and sell security and home management services to the opportunity to advertise in individual markets on cable television networks.residential marketplace.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we generated approximately $8.2 billion in revenue,Our core strategy is to deliver high quality products at competitive prices, combined with outstanding service. This strategy, combined with simple, easy to understand pricing and packaging, is central to our goal of which approximately 84% was generated fromgrowing our residential video, Internet and voice services. Wecustomer base while also generated revenue from providing video, Internet, voice and fiber connectivityselling more individual services to commercial businesseseach customer. We expect to execute this strategy by managing our operations in a consumer-friendly, efficient and from the sale of advertising. Sales from residential triple play customers, Internet and video revenues and from commercial services have contributed to the majoritycost effective manner. Our operating strategy includes insourcing much of our recent revenue growth.
We have a historycustomer care and field operations workforce which results in higher quality service transactions. While an insourced operating model can increase field operations and customer care costs associated with each service transaction, the higher quality nature of net losses. Our net losseseach service transaction significantly reduces the volume of service transactions per customer, more than offsetting the higher investment made in each service transaction. As we reduce the number of service transactions and recurring costs per customer relationship, we effectively pass those savings on to customers in the form of products and prices, that we believe are principally attributable to insufficient revenue to cover themore cost effective than what our competitors offer. The combination of offering competitively priced products and high quality service, allows us to increase the number of customer relationships over a fixed network and products sold per relationship, while at the same time reducing the number of service transactions per relationship, improving customer satisfaction and reducing churn, which results in lower costs to acquire and serve customers. Ultimately, this operating expenses, interest expenses that we incur on our debt, depreciation expenses resulting from the capital investments we have made,strategy enables us to offer high quality, competitively priced services profitably, while continuing to invest in new products and continue to make, in our cable properties, amortization expenses related to our customer relationship intangibles and non-cash taxes resulting from increases in our deferred tax liabilities.
Charter was organized as a Delaware corporation in 1999. On March 27, 2009, we and certain affiliates filed voluntary petitions in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”), to reorganize under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”). The Chapter 11 cases were jointly administered under the caption In re Charter Communications, Inc., et al., Case No. 09-11435. On May 7, 2009, we filed a Joint Plan of Reorganization (the “Plan”) and a related disclosure statement with the Bankruptcy Court. The Plan was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on November 17, 2009, and became effective on November 30, 2009, the date on which we emerged from protection under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The final decree closing the case was entered by the Bankruptcy Court on December 30, 2013.
The terms “Charter,” “we,” “our” and “us,” when used in this report with respect to the period prior to Charter’s emergence from bankruptcy, are references to the Debtors (“Predecessor”) and, when used with respect to the period commencing after Charter’s emergence, are references to Charter (“Successor”). These references include the subsidiaries of Predecessor or Successor, as the case may be, unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise.services.
Our principal executive offices are located at 400 Atlantic Street, Stamford, Connecticut 06901. Our telephone number is (203) 905-7801,905-7800, and we have a website accessible at www.charter.com. Our annual reports, quarterly reportsAnnual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and current reportsCurrent Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments thereto, are available on our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been filed. The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this annual report.
Recent EventsTWC Transaction
On January 13, 2014,May 18, 2016, the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Mergers dated as of May 23, 2015 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Legacy TWC, Legacy Charter, issuedCCH I, LLC, previously a press release announcingwholly owned subsidiary of Legacy Charter (“New Charter”) and certain other subsidiaries of New Charter were completed. As a result of the TWC Transaction, New Charter became the new public parent company that it has sentholds the operations of the combined companies and was renamed Charter Communications, Inc.
Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, upon consummation of the TWC Transaction, 285 million outstanding shares of Legacy TWC common stock were converted into 143 million shares of Charter Class A common stock valued at approximately $32 billion as of the date of acquisition. In addition, Legacy TWC shareholders (excluding Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) and Liberty Interactive Corporation (“Liberty Interactive”)) received approximately $28 billion in cash.
As of the date of completion of the Transactions, the total value of the TWC Transaction was approximately $85 billion, including cash, equity and Legacy TWC assumed debt. The purchase price also includes an estimated pre-combination vesting period fair value of $514 million for Legacy TWC equity awards converted into Charter awards upon closing of the TWC Transaction (“Converted TWC Awards”) and $69 million of cash paid to former Legacy TWC employees and non-employee directors who held equity awards, whether vested or not vested.
Bright House Transaction
Also, on May 18, 2016, Legacy Charter and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”), the former parent of Legacy Bright House, completed their previously announced transaction, pursuant to a letterdefinitive Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”), under which Charter acquired Bright House. Pursuant to TWC proposingthe Bright House Transaction, Charter became the owner
of the membership interests in Bright House and the other assets primarily related to Bright House (other than certain excluded assets and liabilities and non-operating cash). As of the date of acquisition, the purchase price totaled approximately $12.2 billion consisting of (a) $2 billion in cash, (b) 25 million convertible preferred units of Charter Communications Holdings, LLC ("Charter Holdings") with a face amount of $2.5 billion that the companies immediately engage in discussions to concludepay a merger agreement to combine the companies. On February 11, 2014,6% annual preferential dividend, (c) approximately 31.0 million common units of Charter providedHoldings that are exchangeable into Charter Class A common stock on a noticeone-for-one basis and (d) one share of intent to nominate 13 candidates for the board of directors of TWC. On February 13, 2014, TWC and Comcast announced an agreement for TWC to merge with Comcast. Comcast also announced that it intended to sell systems with 3 million subscribers inCharter Class B common stock.
Liberty Transaction
In connection with its purchase of TWC. Prior to Comcast's announcement on February 13, 2014,the TWC Transaction, Legacy Charter and Comcast were actively engagedLiberty Broadband completed their previously announced transactions pursuant to their investment agreement, in discussionswhich Liberty Broadband purchased for cash approximately 22.0 million shares of Charter Class A common stock valued at $4.3 billion at the closing of the TWC Transaction to work togetherpartially finance the cash portion of the TWC Transaction consideration. In connection with the Bright House Transaction, Liberty Broadband purchased approximately 3.7 million shares of Charter Class A common stock valued at $700 million at the closing of the Bright House Transaction. See Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for Charter to purchase TWC and for Charter to sell systems to Comcast. We cannot predict if we will be successful in completing any acquisitions of TWC or Comcast cable systems.more information on the Transactions.
Corporate Entity Structure
The chart below sets forth our entity structure and that of our direct and indirect subsidiaries. ThisThe chart does not include all of our affiliates and subsidiaries and, in some cases, we have combined separate entities for presentation purposes. The equity ownership percentages shown below are approximations and do not give effect to any exercise of then outstanding warrants. Effective December 31, 2013, Charter contributed all of its 30% preferred equity in CC VIII, LLC ("CC VIII") through intermediary subsidiaries to CCH I, LLC ("CCH I") resulting in CCH I Holding 100% of the preferred equity in CC VIII. As a result of this restructuring, the respective common equity interests in Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC (“Charter Holdco”) were adjusted to reflect each entity's respective contributions.approximations. Indebtedness amounts shown below are principal amounts as of December 31, 2013.2016. See Note 89 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” which also includes the accreted values of the indebtedness described below.
Charter Communications, Inc. Charter owns 100% of Charter Holdco. Charter Holdco, through its subsidiaries, owns cable systems. As sole manager under applicable operating agreements, Charter controls the affairs of Charter Holdco and its limited liability company subsidiaries. In addition, Charter provides management services to Charter Holdco and its subsidiaries under a management services agreement.
Interim Holding Companies. As indicated in the organizational chart above, our interim holding companies indirectly own the subsidiaries that own or operate all of our cable systems, subject to a CC VIII 100% preferred interest held by CCH I, and two of these companies, CCO Holdings, LLC ("CCO Holdings") and Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating"), had debt obligations as of December 31, 2013. For a description of the debt issued by these issuers please see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Description of Our Outstanding Debt.”
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| (1) | In connection with the Transactions, Legacy TWC transferred substantially all of its assets to TWC, LLC and merged with and into Spectrum Management Holding Company, LLC (formerly named Nina Company II, LLC) (“Spectrum Management”) with Spectrum Management as the surviving entity. Spectrum Management was the successor to the SEC reporting obligations of Legacy TWC (which have since been terminated). |
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| (2) | In connection with the Transactions, on May 18, 2016, the proceeds of $2.5 billion principal amount of senior notes previously issued by CCOH Safari, LLC (“CCOH Safari”) and held in escrow were released from escrow, and CCOH Safari merged with and into CCO Holdings, LLC (“CCO Holdings”), which, among other things, assumed the obligations under these debt securities and agreed to guarantee, along with Time Warner Cable, LLC (“TWC, LLC”), Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC (“TWCE”) and substantially all of the operating subsidiaries of Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“Charter Operating”) (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), the Charter Operating notes, the TWC, LLC and TWCE debt securities and the Charter Operating credit facilities. |
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| (3) | In connection with the Transactions, on May 18, 2016, (a) the proceeds of $15.5 billion principal amount of senior notes previously issued by CCO Safari II, LLC (“CCO Safari”) and held in escrow were released from escrow, and CCO Safari II merged with and into Charter Operating, which, among other things, assumed these debt obligations, (b) the $3.8 billion credit facility of CCO Safari III, LLC (“CCO Safari III”) was issued, and CCO Safari III merged with and into Charter Operating, which, among other things, assumed the obligations under this credit facility and (c) Charter Operating agreed to guarantee, along with the Subsidiary Guarantors, the TWC, LLC senior notes and debentures and the TWCE senior debentures. As of December 31, 2016, the Charter Operating credit facilities were comprised of $2.5 billion aggregate principal amount term loan A facility, $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount term loan E facility, $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount term loan F facility, $993 million aggregate principal amount term loan H facility and $2.8 billion aggregate principal amount term loan I facility. Charter Operating also has availability under its revolving credit facility of approximately $2.8 billion as of December 31, 2016. |
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| (4) | In connection with the Transactions, Legacy TWC transferred substantially all of its assets to TWC, LLC (f/k/a TWC NewCo LLC), and, among other things, TWC, LLC assumed all the obligations under $20.2 billion principal amount of notes and debentures previously issued by Legacy TWC, and agreed to guarantee the Charter Operating and TWCE notes and debentures and the Charter Operating credit facilities. |
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| (5) | In connection with the Transactions, TWCE assumed all the obligations under $2.0 billion principal amount of debentures previously issued by Legacy TWC, and agreed to guarantee the Charter Operating and TWC, LLC notes and debentures and the Charter Operating credit facilities. |
Products and Services
Through our hybrid fiber and coaxial cable network, weWe offer our customers traditional cablesubscription-based video services, as well as advancedincluding video services (such as OnDemand, HDon demand (“VOD”), high definition (“HD”) television, and DVRdigital video recorder (“DVR”) service), Internet services and voice services. Our voice services are primarily provided using voice overAs of December 31, 2016, 70% of our footprint was all-digital enabling us to offer more HD channels, faster Internet protocol (“VoIP”) technology,speeds and better video picture quality and we intend to transmit digital voice signals overtransition the remaining portions of our systems.Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House footprints. Our video, Internet, and voice services are offered to residential and commercial customers on a subscription basis, with prices and related charges based on the types of service selected, whether the services are sold as a “bundle” or on an individual basis, and the equipment necessary to receive theour services. Bundled services are available to approximately 99% of our passings, and approximately 61% of our customers subscribe to a bundle of services.
All customer statistics as of December 31, 2016 include the operations of Legacy TWC, Legacy Bright House and Legacy Charter, each of which is based on individual legacy company reporting methodology. These methodologies differ and their differences may be material and statistical reporting will be conformed over time to a single reporting methodology. The following table summarizes our customer statistics for video, Internet and voice as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 (in thousands except per customer data and footnotes).
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Approximate as of |
| | December 31, |
| | 2013 (a) | | 2012 (a) |
| Residential | | | |
| Video (b) | 4,177 |
| | 3,989 |
|
| Internet (c) | 4,383 |
| | 3,785 |
|
| Voice (d) | 2,273 |
| | 1,914 |
|
| Residential PSUs (e) | 10,833 |
| | 9,688 |
|
| | | | |
| Residential Customer Relationships (f) | 5,561 |
| | 5,035 |
|
| Revenue per Customer Relationship (g) | $ | 107.97 |
| | $ | 105.78 |
|
| | | | |
| Commercial | | | |
| Video (b)(h) | 165 |
| | 169 |
|
| Internet (c) | 257 |
| | 193 |
|
| Voice (d) | 145 |
| | 105 |
|
| Commercial PSUs (e) | 567 |
| | 467 |
|
| | | | |
| Commercial Customer Relationships (f)(h) | 375 |
| | 325 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Approximate as of |
| | December 31, |
| | 2016 (a) | | 2015 (a) |
| Customer Relationships (b) | | | |
| Residential | 24,801 |
| | 6,284 |
|
| Small and Medium Business | 1,404 |
| | 390 |
|
| Total Customer Relationships | 26,205 |
| | 6,674 |
|
| | | | |
| Residential Primary Service Units ("PSUs") | | | |
| Video | 16,836 |
| | 4,322 |
|
| Internet | 21,374 |
| | 5,227 |
|
| Voice | 10,327 |
| | 2,598 |
|
| | 48,537 |
| | 12,147 |
|
| | | | |
| Monthly Residential Revenue per Residential Customer (c) | $ | 109.77 |
| | $ | 111.19 |
|
| | | | |
| Small and Medium Business PSUs | | | |
| Video | 400 |
| | 108 |
|
| Internet | 1,219 |
| | 345 |
|
| Voice | 778 |
| | 218 |
|
| | 2,397 |
| | 671 |
|
| | | | |
| Monthly Small and Medium Business Revenue per Customer (d) | $ | 214.25 |
| | $ | 172.88 |
|
| | | | |
| Enterprise PSUs (e) | 97 |
| | 30 |
|
After giving effect to the acquisition of Bresnan Broadband Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Bresnan”) in July 2013,Transactions, December 31, 20122015 residential and small and medium business customer relationships would have been 23,795,000 and 1,256,000, respectively, residential video, Internet and voice customersPSUs would have been 4,286,000, 4,059,00017,062,000, 19,911,000 and 2,073,000,9,959,000, respectively and commercial video, Internetsmall and voice customersmedium business PSUs would have been 177,000, 210,000361,000, 1,078,000 and 116,000, respectively.667,000, respectively; Enterprise PSUs would have been 81,000.
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| (a) | We calculate the aging of customer accounts based on the monthly billing cycle for each account. On that basis, as of December 31, 20132016 and 2012,2015, customers include approximately 11,300208,400 and 18,40038,100 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 60 days past due, in payment, approximately 80015,500 and 2,6001,700 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 90 days past due, in payment, and approximately 9008,000 and 1,700900 customers, respectively, whose accounts were over 120 days past due in payment. due. |
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| (b) | “Video customers” represent those customers who subscribe to our video cable services. |
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(c) | “Internet customers” represent those customers who subscribe to our Internet service. |
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(d) | “Voice customers” represent those customers who subscribe to our voice service. |
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(e) | “Primary Service Units” or “PSUs” represent the total of video, Internet and voice customers. |
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(f) | "Customer Relationships"relationships include the number of customers that receive one or more levels of service, encompassing video, Internet and voice services, without regard to which service(s) such customers receive. This statistic is computedCustomers who reside in accordance withresidential multiple dwelling units (“MDUs”) and that are billed under bulk contracts are counted based on the guidelinesnumber of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association ("NCTA"). Commercialbilled units within each bulk MDU. Total customer relationships include video customers in commercial structures, which are calculated on an EBU basis (see footnote (h)) and non-video commercialexcludes enterprise customer relationships. |
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(g)(c) | "RevenueMonthly residential revenue per Customer Relationship"residential customer is calculated as total residential video, Internet and voice quarterly revenue divided by three divided by average residential customer relationships during the respective quarter. |
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(h)(d) | Included within commercial video customers are those in commercial structures, which areMonthly small and medium business revenue per customer is calculated on an equivalent bulk unit (“EBU”) basis. We calculate EBUsas total small and medium business quarterly revenue divided by dividing the bulk price charged to accounts in an areathree divided by the published rate charged to non-bulk residential customers in that market for the comparable tier of service. This EBU method of estimating basic video customers is consistent with the methodology used in determining costs paid to programmersaverage small and is consistent with the methodology used by other multiple system operators. As we increase our published video rates to residential customers without a corresponding increase in the prices charged to commercial service customers, our EBU count will decline even if there is no real loss in commercial service customers. For example, commercial video customers decreased by 10,000medium business customer relationships during the year ended December 31, 2013 due to published video rate increases.respective quarter. |
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| (e) | Enterprise PSUs represent the aggregate number of fiber service offerings counting each separate service offering as an individual PSU. |
Residential Services
Video Services
In 2013, residential video services represented approximately 49% of our total revenues. Our video service offerings include the following:
Video. All of our video customers receive a package of basic programming which, generally consists of local broadcast television, local community programming, including governmental and public access, and limited satellite-delivered or non-broadcast channels, such as weather, shopping and religious programming. Our digital video services includein our all-digital markets, includes a digital set-top box that provides an interactive electronic programming guide with parental controls, an expanded menuaccess to pay-per-view services, including VOD (available to nearly all of digital tiers, premium and pay-per-view channels, including OnDemand (available nearly everywhere)our passings), digital quality music channels and the option to also receive a cable card. In addition to video programming, digital video service enables customers to receive our advancedview certain video services such as DVR's and HD television. Premiumon third party devices. Customers have the option to purchase additional tiers of services including premium channels which provide original programming, commercial-free movies, sports, and other special event entertainment programming. Although we offer subscriptions to premium channels on an individual basis, we offer an increasing number of digital video and premium channel packages, and we offer premium channels combined with our advanced video services. MuchSubstantially all of our video programming is now offered OnDemand and increasingly over the Internet.
available in HD.
OnDemand, Subscription OnDemand and Pay-Per-View. In most areas, we offer OnDemandVOD service which allows customers to select from 10,000 or moreapproximately 30,000 titles at any time. OnDemandVOD includes standard definition, HD and three dimensional ("3D"(“3D”) content. OnDemandVOD programming options may be accessed for free if the content is associated with thea customer’s linear subscription, or for a fee on a transactional basis. OnDemandVOD services mayare also be offered on a subscription basis included in a digital tier premium channel subscription or for a monthly fee. Pay-per-view channels allow customers to pay on a per-event basis to view a single showing of a recently released movie, a one-time special sporting event, music concert, or similar event on a commercial-free basis.
High Definition Television. HD television offersOur goal is to provide our digitalvideo customers certain videowith the programming at a higher resolution to improve picture and audio quality versus standard basic or digital video images. In 2014, we plan to complete our transition to all-digital transmission of channels which will allow us to increase the number of HD channels offered to more than 200 in substantially all of our markets.
Digital Video Recorder.they want, when they want it, on any device. DVR service enables customers to digitally record programming and to pause and rewind live programming. Customers can also use the Charter customers may lease multiple DVRTV applications available on portable devices, streaming devices and on our websites to watch up to 300 channels of cable TV, view VOD programming, remotely control digital set-top boxes to maximize recording capacity on multiple televisionswhile in the home. Most of Charter customershome and to program DVRs remotely. We intend to consolidate the various legacy entity TV applications into a single Spectrum TV Application in 2017. Customers also have the abilityaccess to program their DVR's remotely via tabletprogrammer authenticated applications and phone applications or our website. websites such as HBO Go
®, Fox Now®, Discovery Go® and WatchESPN®.
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• | Charter TV App. The Charter TV App enables Charter video customers to search and discover content on a variety of customer owned devices, including the iPhone®, iPad®, and iPod Touch®, as well as the most popular Android™ based tablets. The Charter TV App allows customers to watch over 100 channels of cable TV and use the device as a remote to control their digital set-top box while in their home. It also allows customers the ability to browse Charter's program guide, search for programming, and schedule DVR recordings from inside and outside the home. Charter's online offerings include many of our largest and most popular networks. We also currently offer content already available online through Charter.net such as HBO Go® and WatchESPN® with other online content. We are currently testing a network based user interface with the same look and feel of the Charter TV App. The user interface is being designed to work with all of our existing and future set-top boxes. A second alternative is to deploy the user interface to the majority of our existing set-top boxes and all of our new set-top boxes which are Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification ("DOCSIS") enabled.In certain markets, we have launched Spectrum Guide®, a network or “cloud-based” user interface that runs on traditional set-top boxes, with a look and feel that is similar to that of the Spectrum TV App. Spectrum Guide® is designed to enable our customers to enjoy a state-of-the-art video experience on set-top boxes, regardless of the age of the set-top box. The guide enables customers to find video content more easily across cable TV channels and VOD options. We plan to continue to deploy across our footprint and enhance this technology in 2017 and beyond. |
Internet Services
In 2013, residential Internet services represented approximately 27% of our total revenues. Approximately 94%99% of our estimated passings haveare enabled for DOCSIS 3.0 wideband technology, allowing us to offer our residential customers multiple tiers of Internet services with currently marketed download speeds of up to 300 megabits per second (“Mbps”). In nearly every market where we have launched Spectrum pricing and packaging (“SPP”), our entry level Internet download speed offering is 60 or 100 Mbps downloadwhich, among other things, allows several people within a single household to stream HD video content online while simultaneously using our residential customers. OurInternet service for non-video purposes. As we roll out SPP in Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House markets, we will bring base speed offerings to a standard minimum of 60 or 100 Mbps at uniform pricing without any usage-based pricing data caps, modem fees or early termination fees. Finally, we offer a security suite with our Internet services also include our Internet portal, Charter.net, which, upon installation by customers, provides multiple e-mail addresses, as well as variety of content and media from local, national and international providers including entertainment, games, news and sports. Finally, Charter Security Suite is included with Charter Internet services and protects computers fromprotection against computer viruses and spyware and providesincludes parental control features.
Accelerated growth in the number of IP devices and bandwidth used in homes has created a need for faster speeds and greater reliability. Charter is focused on providing services to fill those needs. In 2013, we reintroducedWe offer an in-home WiFi product permittingthat permits customers to lease a high performingperformance wireless routerrouters to maximize their in-home wireless Internet experience. Our base Internet speed offering is 30 Mbps download andAdditionally, we offer speeds up to 100 Mbpsan out-of-home WiFi service (“Spectrum WiFi”) in allmost of our markets. As we complete the all-digital initiative,footprint to our Internet customers at designated “hot spots.” In 2017, we expect to increaseexpand WiFi accessibility to our minimum offered Internet speed to 60 Mbps,customers both inside and 100 Mbps in certain markets, with the ability to go faster.outside of their legacy entity footprints.
Voice Services
In 2013, residential voice services represented approximately 8% of our total revenues. We provide voice communications services primarily using VoIP technology to transmit digital voice signals over our network. Charter Voice includesOur voice services include unlimited nationwidelocal and long distance calling to the United States, Canada, Mexico and Puerto Rico, voicemail, call waiting, caller ID, call forwarding and other features. Charter Voice also providesfeatures and offers international calling either by the minute, or through packages of minutes per month. For Charter Voicecustomers that subscribe to both our voice and video customers,offerings, caller ID on TV is available.also available in most areas.
Other Residential Services
We are continually engaging in product research and development and other opportunities to expand our services including the activation of our Mobile Virtual Network Operator (“MVNO”) agreement with Verizon which would enable us to offer mobile services. The activation of the MVNO with Verizon does not, however, represent an obligation for us to offer mobile services.
Commercial Services
In 2013, commercial services represented approximately 10% of our total revenues. Commercial services offered through Charter Business, includeWe offer scalable broadband communications solutions for businesses and carrier organizations of all sizes, such asselling Internet access, data networking, fiber connectivity to cellular towers and office buildings, video entertainment services and business telephone services.
Small Business. Charter offersand Medium Business
As Spectrum Business, we offer video, Internet and voice services to small and medium businesses (1 - 19 employees) servicesover our coaxial network that are similar to those that we provide to our residential offerings includingcustomers. Spectrum Business includes a full range of video programming tiers and music services coaxand Internet speeds of up to 100 Mbps downstream, 300 Mbps in certain markets, and up to 720 Mbps upstream in its DOCSIS 3.0 markets,markets. Spectrum Business also includes a set of business cloud services including web hosting, e-mail and security, and multi-line telephone services with more than 30 business features including web-based service management.
Medium Business. In addition to its other offerings, Charter also offers medium sized businesses (20-199 employees) more complex products such as fiber Internet with symmetrical speeds of up to 1 Gbps and voice trunking services such as Primary Rate Interface ("PRI") and Session Initiation Protocol ("SIP") Trunks which provide higher-capacity voice services. Charter also offers Metro Ethernet service that connects two or more locations for commercial customers with geographically dispersed locations with speeds up to 10 Gbps. Metro Ethernet service can also extend the reach of the customer's local area network or "LAN" within and between metropolitan areas.
Enterprise Solutions
Large Business. Charter offers largeAs Spectrum Enterprise, we offer fiber-delivered communications and managed IT solutions to larger businesses, (200+ employees) with multiple sites more specialized solutions such as custom fiber networks, Metro and long haul Ethernet, PRI and SIP Trunk services.
Carrier Wholesale. Charter offerswell as high-capacity last-mile data connectivity services to wireless and wireline carriers, Internet Service Providers ("ISPs"(“ISPs”) and other competitive carriers on a wholesale basis.
More specifically, Spectrum Enterprise's portfolio includes fiber Internet access with symmetrical speeds up to 10 gigabits per second (“Gbps”), voice trunking services such as Primary Rate Interface (“PRI”) and Session Initiation Protocol (“SIP”) Trunks, Ethernet services that privately and securely connect geographically dispersed client locations with speeds up to 10 Gbps, and video solutions designed to meet the needs of the hospitality, education, and health care clients. Our managed IT portfolio includes Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (“IaaS”) and Cloud Desktop as a Service (“DaaS”), and managed hosting, application, and messaging solutions, along with other related IT and professional services. The Transactions have provided us with a larger footprint which allows us to more effectively serve business customers with multiple sites across given geographic regions. These customers can benefit from obtaining these advanced services from a single provider simplifying procurement and potentially reducing their costs.
Sale of Advertising Services
In Our advertising sales division, Spectrum Reach2013®, sales of advertising represented approximately 4% of our total revenues.offers local, regional and national businesses with the opportunity to advertise in individual and multiple markets on cable television networks. We receive revenues from the sale of local advertising on digital advertising networks and satellite-delivered networks such as MTV®, CNN® and ESPN®. In any particular market, we generallytypically insert local advertising on upover 50 channels. Since completion of the Transactions, our larger footprint has increased opportunities for advertising customers to 40 channels. We alsoaddress broader regional audiences from a single provider and thus reach more customers with a single transaction. Our increased size provides scale to invest in new technology to create more targeted and interactive advertising capabilities.
Available advertising time is generally sold by our advertising sales force. In some markets, we have formed advertising interconnects or entered into representation agreements with other video distributors, including, among others, Verizon Communications Inc.’s (“Verizon”) fiber optic service (“FiOS”) and AT&T Inc.’s (“AT&T”) U-verse, under which we sell advertising on our Internet portal, Charter.net.behalf of those operators. In most cases, the available advertising time is sold by our sales force, however in some cases,markets, we enter into representation agreements with contiguous cable system operators under which another operator in the area will sell advertising on our behalf for a percentagebehalf. These arrangements enable us and our partners to deliver linear commercials across wider geographic areas, replicating the reach of local broadcast television stations to the revenue.extent possible. In some markets,addition, we, sell advertisingtogether with Comcast Corporation (“Comcast”) and Cox Communications, Inc., own National Cable Communications LLC, which, on behalf of a number of video operators, sells advertising time to national and regional advertisers.
We also sell the advertising inventory of our owned and operated local sports, news and lifestyle channels, and advertising inventory on our regional sports networks that carry Los Angeles Lakers’ basketball games and other operators.sports programming and on SportsNet LA, a regional sports network that carries Los Angeles Dodgers’ baseball games and other sports programing.
Charter hasWe have deployed Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format (“EBIF”) technology to set-top boxesadvanced advertising products such as interactivity, household addressability, dynamic ad insertion into VOD and data infused advertising campaigns within various parts of our footprint. These new products will be distributed across more of our footprint in most service areas within the Charter footprint. EBIF is a technology foundation that will allow Charter to deliver enhanced and interactive television applications and enable our video customers to use their remote control to interact with their television programming and its advertisements. EBIF will enable Charter’s customers to request such items as coupons, samples, and brochures from advertisers.2017.
From timeOther Services
Regional Sports and News Networks
We have an agreement with the Los Angeles Lakers for rights to time, certaindistribute all locally available pre-season, regular season and post-season Los Angeles Lakers’ games through 2033. We broadcast those games on our regional sports network, Spectrum SportsNet. As of our vendors, including programmers and equipment vendors, have purchased advertising from us. For the years ending December 31, 20132016, Spectrum SportsNet was distributed to approximately 4.7 million multichannel video customers via the majority of major multichannel video distributors in our Southern California, Las Vegas, NV and Hawaii regions. We also manage 36 local news channels, including Spectrum News NY1, a 24-hour news channel focused on New York City, 20 local sports channels and three local lifestyle community channels, and we own 26.8% of Sterling Entertainment Enterprises, LLC (doing business as SportsNet New York), 2012 and 2011, we had advertising revenues from vendors of approximately $41 million, $59 million and $51 million, respectively. These revenues resulted from purchases at market rates pursuant to binding agreements.a New York City-based regional sports network that carries New York Mets’ baseball games as well as other regional sports programming.
American Media Productions, LLC ("American Media Productions"), an unaffiliated third party, owns SportsNet LA, a regional sports network carrying the Los Angeles Dodgers’ baseball games and other sports programming. In accordance with agreements with American Media Productions, we act as the network’s exclusive affiliate and advertising sales representative and have certain branding and programming rights with respect to the network. In addition, we provide certain production and technical services to American Media Productions. The affiliate, advertising, production and programming agreements continue through 2038. We continue to seek distribution agreements for the carriage of SportsNet LA by other major distributors.
Security and Home Management
We also provide security and home management services to our residential customers in certain markets. Our broadband cable system connects the customer’s in-home system to our emergency response center. In addition to providing traditional security, fire and medical emergency monitoring and dispatch, the service allows customers to remotely arm or disarm their security system, monitor their home via indoor and outdoor cameras, and remotely operate key home functions, including setting and controlling lights, thermostats and door locks.
Pricing of Our Products and Services
Our revenues are principally derived principally from the monthly fees customers pay for the services we provide. We typically charge a one-time installation fee which is sometimes waived or discounted in certain sales channels during certain promotional periods. The prices we charge
Our SPP offers a standardized price for our products and services vary based on the leveleach tier of service, the customer choosesbundle of services, and in some cases the geographic market. In accordance with Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") rules, the prices we charge for video cable-related equipment, such as set-top boxesadd-on service, regardless of market and remote control devices, and for installation services, are based on actual costs plus a permitted rate of return in regulated markets.
In mid-2012, Charter launched a new pricing and packaging approach which emphasizes the triple play productsbundles of video, Internet and voice services and combines ourservices. Our most popular and competitive services are combined in core packages at a fair price.what we believe are attractive prices. We began launching SPP in the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House footprints in the third quarter of 2016, and we expect to offer SPP in all markets by the middle of 2017. We believe the benefits of this new approach are:our approach:
offers simplicity for both our customers in understandingto understand our offers, and for our employees in service delivery;
offers the ability to package more services at the time of sale, and include more product in each service, thus increasing revenue per customer;
offers a higher product offering quality throughand more value-based set of services, including faster Internet speeds, more HD channels, improvedlower equipment fees and a more transparent pricing for HD and HD/DVR equipment and faster Internet speeds;structure;
lower expected churn as a result ofdrives higher customer satisfaction;satisfaction, lower service calls and churn; and
allows for gradual price increases at the end of promotional periods.
As of December 31, 2013, approximately 64% of our customers, or 68% excluding those acquired in the acquisition of Bresnan, are in the new pricing and packaging plan.
Our Network Technologyand Customer Premise Equipment
Our network includes three key components: thea national backbone, regional/metro networks and the "last-mile"“last-mile” network. Both our national backbone and regional/metro network components utilize or plan to utilize a redundant Internet Protocol ("IP”IP") ring/mesh architecture with the capability to differentiate quality of service for each residential or commercial product offering.architecture. The national backbone component provides connectivity from the regional demarcation points to nationally centralized content, connectivity and services. The regional/metro network components provide connectivity between the regional demarcation points and headends within a specific geographic area and enable the delivery of content and services between these network components.
Our last-mile network utilizes a traditional hybrid fiber coaxial cable (“HFC”) architecture, which combines the use of fiber optic cable with coaxial cable. In most systems, we deliver our signals via fiber optic cable from the headend to a group of nodes, and use coaxial
cable to deliver the signal from individual nodes to the homes served by that node. For our fiber Internet, Ethernet, carrier wholesale, SIP and PRI commercialSpectrum Enterprise customers, fiber optic cable is extended from the individual nodes all the way to the customer'scustomer’s site. On average, our systemFor certain new build and MDU sites, we increasingly bring fiber to the customer site. Our design enables up to 340 homes passed to be served by a single node and provides forstandard is six strands of fiber to each node, with two strands activated and four strands reserved for spares and future services. This design standard allows these strands to be utilized for additional residential traffic capacity, and enterprise customer needs as they arise. We believe that this hybrid network design provides high capacity and signal quality. The design also provides two-way signal capacitycapabilities for the additionsupport of further interactive services.
HFC architecture benefits include:
bandwidth capacity to enable traditional and two-way video and broadband services;
dedicated bandwidth for two-way services, which avoids return signal interference problems that can occur with two-way communication capability;services; and
signal quality and high service reliability.
Approximately 97%98% of our estimated passings are served by systems that have bandwidth of 550750 megahertz or greater and 98% are two-way activated as of December 31, 20132016. This bandwidth capacity enables us to offer digitalHD television, DOCSIS-based Internet services voice services and other advanced videovoice services.
In 2013, we initiated a transition from analog to digital transmission of the channels we distribute which allows us to recapture bandwidth. We completed this transition in approximately 15% of our footprint in 2013 and expect to complete the initiative in 2014 across our remaining footprint. TheAn all-digital platform enables us to offer a larger selection of HD channels, faster Internet speeds and better picture quality while providing greater plant security and enabling lower transaction costs.installation and disconnect service truck rolls. We are currently all-digital in 70% of our footprint and intend to transition the remaining portions of our Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House footprints.
In 2013, we initiatedWe have been introducing our new set-top box, WorldBox, to consumers in certain markets. The WorldBox design has opened the set-top box market to new vendors and reduced our set-top box costs. The WorldBox also includes more advanced features and functionality than older set-top boxes, including faster processing times, IP capabilities with increased speed, additional simultaneous recordings, increased DVR storage capacity, and a trialgreater degree of a network, or “cloud,” basedflexibility for consumers to take Charter-provisioned set-top boxes with them, if and when, they move residences. We have also been introducing our new cloud-based user interface, designedSpectrum Guide®, to enable our video customers in certain markets. Spectrum Guide® improves video content search and discovery, and fully enables our on-demand offering. In addition, Spectrum Guide® can function on nearly all of Legacy Charter’s deployed set-tops, reducing costs and customer disruption to enjoy a common user interface with a state-of-the-art video experience on all existing and future set-top boxes. We plan to continue to trial and enhance this technology in 2014.swap equipment for new functionality.
Management, Customer Care and Marketing
Our operations are centralized, with oursenior executives located at several key corporate officeoffices, responsible for coordinating and overseeing operations including establishing company-wide strategies, policies and procedures. Sales and marketing, network operations, field operations, customer care,operations, engineering, advertising sales, human resources, legal, government relations, information technology and finance are all directed at the corporate level. Regional and local field operations are responsible for servicingon-site service transactions with customers and maintenancemaintaining and constructionconstructing that portion of outside plant. our network which is located outdoors. In 2017, our field operations group will focus on standardizing practices, processes, procedures and metrics, including those used to assure the quality of work performed when servicing customers.
Charter continuesWe continue to focus on improving the customer experience through improvementsenhanced product offerings, reliability of services, and delivery of quality customer service. As part of our operating strategy, we are committed to investments and hiring plans that will insource most of our customer care processes, product offeringsservice workload over the next few years. We intend to bring the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House customer operations workload, much of which is outsourced offshore, back to the United States. Most of these repatriated jobs will be fully insourced and will increase our full time labor force. We are currently constructing a new call center in McAllen, TX which will solely serve customers who prefer to engage with us in Spanish, resulting in the creation of new jobs. This new facility will be operational and taking calls in 2017.
Legacy Charter’s in-house domestic call centers currently handle approximately 90% of calls, managed centrally to ensure a consistent, high quality customer experience. On a consolidated basis, in-house domestic call centers handle just over 60% of customer service calls. Over a multi-year period, however, we plan to migrate Legacy TWC and reliabilityLegacy Bright House customer service centers to Legacy Charter’s model of using segmented, virtualized, U.S.-based in-house call centers. Segmented, virtualized call centers allow calls to be routed to agents across our service.footprint based on call type, enabling agents to be experts in addressing specific customer needs, thus creating a better customer experience. Legacy Charter’s inbound sales, billing, service and retention call centers are also virtualized and segmented by call-type. A new call center agent desktop interface tool, already used at Legacy Charter, is being developed for the acquired systems. This new desktop interface tool will enable virtualization of all call centers, regardless of the legacy billing platform, to better serve our customers.
We also provide customers with the opportunity to interact with us through a variety of forums in addition to telephonic communications, including through our customer website, mobile device applications, online chat, and via social media. Our customer care centers are managed centrally. We have eight internal customer care locations which route calls to the appropriate agents, plus several third-party call center locations that through technologywebsites and procedures function as an integrated system. We also have two additional customer care locations acquired as part of the acquisition of Bresnan. See “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview.” We increased the portion of service calls handled by Charter employees in 2013 and intend to continue to do so in 2014. We also utilize our website tomobile applications enable our customers to view and pay their bills, on-line, obtain information regardingmanage their account oraccounts, order new services and perform various equipment troubleshooting procedures. Our customers may also obtain support through our on-line chat functionality. We increased our outside plant maintenance activities in 2012utilize self-service help and 2013 to improve the reliability and technical quality of our plant to avoid repeat trouble calls, which has resulted in reductions in the number of service-related calls to our care centers and in the number of trouble call truck rolls in 2012 and 2013.support.
We sell our residential and commercial services using a national brand platform known as Spectrum®, Spectrum Business® and Spectrum Enterprise®. These brands reflect our comprehensive approach to industry-leading products, driven by speed, performance and innovation. Our marketing strategy emphasizes the sale of our bundled services through targeted direct response marketing programs to existing and potential customers and increases awareness and the value of the CharterSpectrum brand. Marketing expenditures increased by $57 million, or 14%, over the year ended December 31, 2012 to $479 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of increased media investment and commercial marketing efforts. Our marketing organization creates and executes marketing programs intended to grow customer relationships, increase customers,services per relationship, retain existing customers and cross-sell additional products to current customers. We monitor the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, customer perception, competition, pricing, and service preferences, among other factors, in order to increase our responsiveness to our customers.customers and to improve our sales and customer retention. Our marketing organization also manages and directs several sales channels including direct sales, on-line, outbound telemarketing and Charter stores.
Programming
General
We believe that offering a wide variety of video programming choices influences a customer’s decision to subscribe to and retain our cable video services. We rely on our experience in programming cable systems, which includes market research, customer demographics and local programming preferences to determine channel offerings in each of our markets. We obtain basic and premium programming, usually pursuant to written contracts, from a number of suppliers usually pursuant to written contracts.although media consolidation has resulted in fewer suppliers and additional selling power on the part of programmer suppliers. Our programming contracts generally continue for a fixed period of time, usually from three to eightfor multiple years, and are subject to negotiated renewal. Some programming suppliers offer financial incentives to support the launch of a channel and/or ongoing marketing support. We also negotiate volume discount pricing structures. We have more recently negotiated for additional content rights allowing us to provide programming on-line to our authenticated customers.
Costs
Programming is usually made available to us for a license fee, which is generally paid based on the number of customers to whom we make suchthat programming available. Programming costs are usually payable each month based on calculations
performed by us and are generally subject to annual cost escalations and audits by the programmers. Programming license fees may include “volume” discounts available for higher numbersand financial incentives to support the launch of customers,a channel and/or ongoing marketing support, as well as discounts for channel placement or service penetration. Some channels are available without cost to us for a limited period of time, after which we pay for the programming. For home shopping channels, we typically receive a percentage of the revenue attributable to our customers’ purchases, as well as, in some instances, incentives for channel placement.purchases. We also offer VOD and pay per view channels of movies and events that are subject to a revenue split with the content provider.
Our programming costs have increased in every year we have operated in excess of customary inflationary and cost-of-living type increases. We expect themprogramming costs to continue to increase due to a variety of factors including, annual increases pursuant to our programming contracts, contract renewals with programmers and the carriage of incremental programming, including new services and VOD programming. Increases in the cost of sports programming and the amounts paid for broadcast station retransmission consent annual increases imposed by programmers with additional selling power as a result of media consolidation and additional programming, including new sports services and non-linear programming for on-line and OnDemand programming. In particular, sportshave been the largest contributors to the growth in our programming costs have increased significantly over the past several years as well as increases inlast few years. Additionally, the demands of large media companies who link carriage of their most popular networks to carriage and cost increases for all of their networks. In addition, contractsless popular networks, has limited our flexibility in creating more tailored and cost-sensitive programming packages for consumers. Finally, programmers have experienced declines in demand for advertising as advertisers shift more of their marketing spend online. We believe that this is resulting in programmers demanding higher programming fees from us, as they seek to purchase sports programming sometimes provide for optional additional gamesrecover revenue they are losing to be added to the service and made available on a surcharge basis during the term of the contract. Additionally, programmers continue to create new networks and migrate popular programming such as sporting events to those networks.online advertising.
Federal law allows commercial television broadcast stations to make an election between “must-carry” rights and an alternative “retransmission-consent” regime. When a station opts for the retransmission-consent regime, we are not allowed to carry the station’s signal without thethat station’s permission. Continuing demands by owners of broadcast stations for cash payments at substantial increases over amounts paid in prior years in exchange for retransmission consent will increase our programming costs or require us to cease carriage of popular programming, potentially leading to a loss of customers in affected markets.
Over the past several years, increases in our video service rates have not fully offset increasing programming costs, and with the impact of increasing competition and other marketplace factors, we do not expect them to do so in the foreseeable future. Although we pass along a portion of amounts paid for retransmission consent to the majority of our customers, our inability to fully pass these programming cost increases on to our video customers has had, and is expected in the future to have, an adverse impact on our cash flow and operating margins associated with theour video product. In order to mitigate reductions of our operating margins due to rapidly increasing programming costs, we continue to review our pricing and programming packaging strategies, and we plan to continue to migrate certain program services from our basic level of service to our digital tiers, remove underperforming services and limit the launch of non-essential, new networks.strategies.
We have programming contracts that have expired and others that will expire at or before the end of 2014.2017. We will seek to renegotiate the terms of these agreements. There can be no assurance that these agreements will be renewed on favorable or comparable terms. To the extent that we are unable to reach agreementagreements with certain programmers on terms that we believe are reasonable, we have been, and may in the future be, forced to remove such programming channels from our line-up, which may result in a loss of customers.
Franchises
As of December 31, 2013, our systems operated pursuant to a total of approximately 3,300 franchises, permits, and similar authorizations issued by local and state governmental authorities. Such governmental authorities often must approve a transfer to another party. Most franchises are subject to termination proceedings in the event of a material breach. In addition, most franchises require us to pay the granting authority a franchise fee of up to 5.0% of revenues as defined in the various agreements, which is the maximum amount that may be charged under the applicable federal law. We are entitled to and generally do pass this fee through to the customer.
Prior to the scheduled expiration of most franchises, we generally initiate renewal proceedings with the granting authorities. This process usually takes three years but can take a longer period of time. The Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Communications Act”), which is the primary federal statute regulating interstate communications, provides for an orderly franchise renewal process in which granting authorities may not unreasonably withhold renewals. In connection with the franchise renewal process, many governmental authorities require the cable operator to make certain commitments, such as building out certain of the franchise areas, customer service requirements, and supporting and carrying public access channels. Historically we have been able to renew our franchises without incurring significant costs, although any particular franchise may not be renewed on commercially favorable terms or otherwise. If we failed to obtain renewals of franchises representing a significant number of our customers, it could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or our liquidity, including our ability to comply with our debt covenants. See “— Regulation and Legislation — Video Services — Franchise Matters.”
MarketsRegions
We operate in geographically diverse areas which are organized in regional clusters we call key market areas.clusters. These key market areasregions are managed centrally on a consolidated level. Our twelve key market areaseleven regions and the customer relationships within each marketregion as of December 31, 20132016 are as follows (in thousands):
|
| | |
Key Market AreaRegions | | Total Customer Relationships |
| | |
California | | 595 |
| Carolinas | | 5852,609 |
Central States | | 5992,800 |
Alabama/GeorgiaFlorida | | 6262,251 |
MichiganGreat Lakes | | 6442,143 |
Minnesota/NebraskaNortheast | | 346 |
Mountain States | | 384 |
New England | | 3572,909 |
| Northwest | | 4991,410 |
Tennessee/LouisianaNYC | | 5301,317 |
| South | | 2,030 |
| Southern Ohio | | 2,039 |
| Texas | | 1932,561 |
WisconsinWest | | 5784,136 |
Competition
Residential Services
We face intense competition for residential customers, both residentialfrom existing competitors and, commercial customers inas a result of the areasrapid development of price, service offerings, and service reliability. In our residential business, we compete with other providers of video, high-speed Internet access, voicenew technologies, services and other sources of home entertainment. In our commercial business, we compete with other providers of video, high-speed Internet access and related value-added services, fiber solutions, business telephony, and Ethernet services. We operate in a competitive business environment, which can adversely affect the results of our business and operations. We cannot predict the impact on us of broadband services offered by our competitors.products, from new entrants.
In terms ofVideo competition for customers, we view ourselves as a member of the broadband communications industry, which encompasses multi-channel
Our residential video for television and related broadband services, such as high-speed Internet, voice, and other interactive video services. In the broadband communications industry, our principal competitors for video services areservice faces competition from direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) services, which have a national footprint and telephone companiescompete in all of our operating areas. DBS providers offer satellite-delivered pre-packaged programming services that can be received by relatively small and inexpensive receiving dishes. They offer aggressive promotional pricing, exclusive programming (e.g., NFL Sunday Ticket) and video services.services that are comparable in many respects to our residential video service. Our principal competitors for high-speed Internet services are the broadband services provided by telephone companies, including both traditional DSL, fiber-to-the-node, and fiber-to-the-home offerings. Our principal competitors for voice services are established telephone companies, other telephoneresidential video service providers, and other carriers, including VoIP providers. At this time, we do not consider other cable operators to be significant competitors in our overall market, as overbuilds are infrequent and geographically spotty (although in any particular market, a cable operator overbuilder would likely be a significant competitor at the local level). We could, however, face additionalalso faces competition from other cable operators if they began distributingphone companies with fiber-based networks, primarily AT&T U-verse, Frontier Communications Corporation (“Frontier”) FiOs and Verizon FiOs, which offer wireline video overservices in approximately 23%, 8% and 4%, respectively, of our operating areas. In July 2015, AT&T acquired DIRECTV Group Inc. (“DIRECTV”), the nation’s largest DBS provider, with the combined company able to offer bundles of video, Internet, wireline phone service and wireless service. As a condition to customers residing outside their current territories.the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") approval of the transaction, AT&T is required to deploy fiber to the home (“FTTH”) to 12.5 million locations within four years from the close of its transaction. AT&T also announced the acquisition of Time Warner Inc. in October 2016 which is subject to regulatory approval. If approved, it is not yet clear how AT&T will use the various programming and studio assets to benefit its own video on its various platforms or potential program access conditions as part of such regulatory approval.
Our keyresidential video service also faces growing competition from a number of other sources, including companies that deliver linear network programming, movies and television shows on demand and other video content over broadband Internet connections to televisions, computers, tablets and mobile devices. These newer categories of competitors include:include virtual multichannel video programming distributors (“V-MVPD”) such as AT&T’s “DirecTV NOW,” DISH Network Corporation’s “Sling TV,” and Sony Corporation’s “Playstation Vue,” and direct to consumer products offered by programmers that have not traditionally sold programming directly to consumers, such as HBO’s “HBO Now,” CBS’ “CBS All Access” and Showtime’s “Showtime Anytime.” Other online video business models have also developed, including, (i) subscription video on demand (“SVOD”) services such as Netflix, Amazon.com Inc.’s (“Amazon”) “Prime,” and “Hulu Plus,” (ii) ad-supported free online video products, including Google Inc.’s (“Google”), “YouTube” and “Hulu,” some of which offer programming for free to consumers that we currently purchase for a fee, (iii) pay-per-view products, such as Apple’s “ITunes” and Amazon’s, “Amazon Instant,” and (iv) additional ad-supported free offerings from wireless providers such as Verizon’s “go90” and T-Mobile’s “Binge On” that exempt certain video content traffic from counting towards monthly data caps. We have viewed online video services as complementary to our
DBS
Direct broadcast satellite is a significant competitor to cable systems. The two largest DBS providers now serve more than 34 million subscribers nationwide. DBS service allows the subscriber to receive video services directly via satellite using a dish antenna.
Video compression technology and high powered satellites allow DBS providers to offer more than 280 digital channels. In 2013, major DBS competitors were especially competitive with promotional pricing for more basic services. While we continue to believe that the initial investment by a DBS customer exceeds that of a cable customer, the initial equipment cost for DBS has decreased substantially, as the DBS providers have aggressively marketed offers to new customers of incentives for discounted
or free equipment, installation,own video offering, and multiple units. DBS providers are able to offer service nationwide and are able to establishwe have developed a national image and branding with standardized offerings, which together with their ability to avoid franchise feescloud-based guide that is capable of up to 5% of revenues and property tax, leads to greater efficiencies and lower costsincorporating video from many on-line video services currently offered in the lower tiersmarketplace. As the proliferation of service. We believe that cable-delivered OnDemandonline video services grows, however, services such as DirecTV Now and Subscription OnDemandpotential forthcoming services which include HD programming, are superiorsuch as Hulu Live, and new direct to DBS service, because cable headends can provide two-way communication to deliver many titles which customers can access and control independently, whereas DBS technology can only make available a much smaller numberconsumer offerings, could negatively impact the growth of titles with DVR-like customer control. DBS providers have also made attempts at deployment of Internet access services via satellite, but those services have been technically constrained and of limited appeal.our video business.
Telephone Companies and UtilitiesInternet competition
Incumbent telephone companies, including AT&T Inc. (“AT&T”)Our residential Internet service faces competition from the phone companies’ DSL, FTTH and Verizon Communications, Inc. ("Verizon"), offer video and other services in competition with us, and we expect they will increasingly do so in the future. These companies are able to offer two-way video, data services and provide digital voice services similar to ours in various portions of their networks. In the case of Verizon, high-speed data services (fiber optic service (“FiOS”)) offer speeds as high as or higher than ours. In addition, these companies continue to offer their traditional telephone services,wireless broadband offerings as well as service bundlesfrom a variety of companies that includeoffer other forms of online services, including wireless voice services provided by affiliated companies. Based on internal estimates, we believe that AT&T and satellite-based broadband services. Verizon’s FiOs and Frontier in certain markets acquired from Verizon, are offering video services in areas serving approximately 30% and 4%, respectively,our primary fiber-to-the-home competitor, although AT&T has also begun fiber-to-the home builds as well, including the required buildout per the FCC condition as a result of AT&T’s acquisition of DIRECTV noted above. Given the FTTH deployments of our estimated passings and we have experienced customer losses in these areas. AT&T and Verizon have also launched campaigns to capturecompetitors, launches of broadband services offering 1 Gbps speed are becoming more of the multiple dwelling unit (“MDU”) market. AT&T has publicly stated that it expects to roll out its video product beyond the territories currently served although it is unclear where and to what extent. When AT&T or Verizon have introduced or expanded their offering of video products in our market areas, we have seen a decrease in our video revenue as AT&T and Verizon typically roll out aggressive marketing and discounting campaigns to launch their products.
In addition to incumbent telephone companies obtaining franchises or alternative authorizations in some areas, and seeking them in others, they have been successful through various means in reducing or streamlining the franchising requirements applicable to them. They have had significant success at the federal and state level in securing FCC rulings and numerous statewide franchise laws that facilitate telephone company entry into the video marketplace. Because telephone companies have been successful in avoiding or reducing franchise and other regulatory requirements that remain applicable to cable operators like us, their competitive posture has often been enhanced. The large scale entry of incumbent telephone companies as directcommon. Several competitors, in the video marketplace has adversely affected the profitability and valuation of our cable systems.
Most telephone companies, including AT&T and Verizon,Google, deliver 1 Gbps broadband speed in at least a portion of their footprints which already have plant, an existing customer base, and other operational functions in place (such as billing and service personnel), offer Internet access via traditional DSL service.overlap our footprint. DSL service allows Internet access to subscribers at data transmission speeds greater than those formerly available over conventional telephone lines. We believe DSL service is an alternative to our high-speed Internet service and is often offered at prices lower than our Internet services, although typically at speeds lower than the speeds we offer. DSL providers may currently be inVarious wireless phone companies are now offering third and fourth generation (3G and 4G) wireless Internet services with fifth generation (5G) and faster services on the horizon, some of which offer unlimited data packages to customers. In addition, a better positiongrowing number of commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurants and airports, offer WiFi Internet service. Numerous local governments are also considering or actively pursuing publicly subsidized WiFi Internet access networks. These options offer alternatives to offer voice and data services to businesses since their networks tend to be more complete in commercial areas. We expect DSL to remain a significant competitor to our high-speedcable-based Internet services.access.
Many large telephone companies also provide fiber-to-the-node or fiber-to-the-home services in select areas of their footprints. Fiber-to-the-node networks can provide faster Internet speeds than conventional DSL, but still cannot typically match our Internet speeds. Our primary fiber-to-the-node competitor is AT&T's U-verse. TheVoice competition from U-verse is expected to intensify over time as AT&T completes the expansion plans announced in late 2012. Fiber-to-the-home networks, however, can provide Internet speeds equal to or greater than Charter's current Internet speeds. Verizon's FiOS is the primary fiber-to-the-home competitor.
Our residential voice service competes directly with incumbent telephonewireless and wireline phone providers, as well as other forms of communication, such as text messaging on cellular phones, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and email. We also compete with “over-the-top” phone providers, such as Vonage, Skype, magicJack, Google Voice and Ooma, Inc., as well as companies and other carriers, including Internet-based VoIP providers,that sell phone cards at a cost per minute for both residentialnational and commercial voice service customers. Because we offerinternational service. The increase in the number of different technologies capable of carrying voice services we are subject to considerable competition from such companies and other telecommunications providers, including wireless providers with an increasingthe number of consumers choosingalternative communication options available to customers as well as the replacement of wireline services by wireless over wired telephone services. The telecommunications andhave intensified the competitive environment in which we operate our residential voice services industry is highly competitive and includes competitors with greater financial and personnel resources, strong brand name recognition, and long-standing relationships with regulatory authorities and customers. Moreover, mergers, joint ventures and alliances amongservice.
Regional Competitors
In some of our operating areas, other competitors have resulted in providers capable of offering cable television,built networks that offer video, Internet and voice services that compete with our services. For example, in direct competitionKansas City and Austin, Texas, our residential video, Internet and voice services compete with us.
Additionally, we are subjectGoogle Fiber services. In addition to limited competition from utilities and/or municipal utilities (collectively, "Utilities"Google Fiber, Cincinnati Bell Inc., Hawaiian Telcom, RCN Telecom Services, LLC and WideOpenWest Finance, LLC (“WOW”) that possess fiber optic transmission lines capable, each compete with us in parts of transmitting signals with minimal signal distortion. Certain Utilities are also developing broadband over power line technology, which may allow the provision of Internet, phone and other broadband services to homes and offices.
Traditional Overbuilds
Cable systems are operated under non-exclusive franchises historically granted by state and local authorities. More than one cable system may legally be built in the sameour operating area. Franchising authorities may grant a second franchise to another cable operator that may contain terms and conditions more favorable than those afforded us. Well-financed businesses from outside the cable industry, such as public utilities that already possess fiber optic and other transmission lines in the areas they serve, have in some cases become competitors. There are a number of cities that have constructed their own cable systems, in a manner similar to city-provided utility services. There also has been interest in traditional cable overbuilds by private companies not affiliated with established local exchange carriers. Constructing a competing cable system is a capital intensive process which involves a high degree of risk. We believe that in order to be successful, a competitor’s overbuild would need to be able to serve the homes and businesses in the overbuilt area with equal or better service quality, on a more cost-effective basis than we can. Any such overbuild operation would require access to capital or access to facilities already in place that are capable of delivering cable television programming. We cannot predict the extent to which additional overbuild situations may occur.
Broadcast Television
Cable television has long competed with broadcast television, which consists of television signals that the viewer is able to receive without charge using an “off-air” antenna. The extent of such competition is dependent upon the quality and quantity of broadcast signals available through “off-air” reception, compared to the services provided by the local cable system. Traditionally, cable television has provided higher picture quality and more channel offerings than broadcast television. However, the recent licensing of digital spectrum by the FCC now provides traditional broadcasters with the ability to deliver HD television pictures and multiple digital-quality program streams, as well as advanced digital services such as subscription video and data transmission.
Internet Delivered Video
Internet access facilitates the streaming of video, including movies and television shows, into homes and businesses. Increasingly, content owners are using Internet-based delivery of content directly to consumers, some without charging a fee to access the content. Further, due to consumer electronic innovations, consumers are able to watch such Internet-delivered content on televisions, personal computers, tablets, gaming boxes connected to televisions and mobile devices. We believe some customers have chosen to receive video over the Internet rather than through our VOD and premium video services, thereby reducing our video revenues. We can not predict the impact that Internet delivered video will have on our revenues and adjusted EBITDA as technologies continue to evolve.
Private Cable
Additional competition
In addition to multi-channel video providers, cable systems compete with other sources of news, information and entertainment, including over-the-air television broadcast reception, live events, movie theaters and the Internet. Competition is also posed by satellite master antenna television systems, or SMATV systems, serving MDUs, such as condominiums, apartment complexes, and private residential communities. Private cable systems can offer improved reception
Business Services
We face intense competition as to each of our business services offerings. Our small and medium business video, Internet, networking and voice services face competition from a variety of providers as described above. Our enterprise solutions also face competition from the competitors described above as well as other telecommunications carriers, such as metro and regional fiber-based carriers. We also compete with cloud, hosting and related service providers and application-service providers.
Advertising
We face intense competition for advertising revenue across many different platforms and from a wide range of local television stations, and many ofnational competitors. Advertising competition has increased and will likely continue to increase as new formats seek to attract the same satellite-delivered program services that are offered byadvertisers. We compete for advertising revenue against, among others, local broadcast stations, national cable systems. Although disadvantaged from a programming cost perspective, SMATV systems currently benefit from operating advantages not available to franchised cable systems, including fewer regulatory burdens and no requirement to service low density or economically depressed communities. The FCC previously adopted regulations that favor SMATVbroadcast networks, radio stations, print media and private cable operators serving MDU complexes, allowing them to continue to secure exclusive contracts with MDU owners. This regulatory disparity provides a competitive advantage to certain of our currentonline advertising companies and potential competitors.content providers.
Other Competitors
Local wireless InternetSecurity and Home Management
Our IntelligentHome service faces competition from traditional security companies, such as The ADT Corporation, service providers such as Verizon and AT&T, as well as new entrants, such as Vivint, Inc., Alarm.com, Inc. and NEST Labs, Inc. (which Google acquired in 2014).
Seasonality and Cyclicality
Our business is subject to seasonal and cyclical variations. Our results are impacted by the seasonal nature of customers receiving our cable services operate in some markets using available unlicensed radio spectrum. Various wireless phone companies are now offering thirdcollege and vacation markets. Our revenue is subject to cyclical advertising patterns and changes in viewership levels. Our advertising revenue is generally higher in the second and fourth generation (3Gcalendar quarters of each year, due in part to increases in consumer advertising in the spring and 4G) wireless high-speed Internet services. In addition, a growing number of commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurantsin the period leading up to and airports, offer Wi-Fi Internet service. Numerous local governmentsincluding the holiday season. U.S. advertising revenue is also cyclical, benefiting in even-numbered years from advertising related to candidates running for political office and issue-oriented advertising. Our capital expenditures and trade working capital are also considering or actively pursuing publicly subsidized Wi-Fisubject to significant seasonality based on the timing of subscriber growth, network programs, specific projects and WiMAX Internet access networks. Operators are also marketing PC cards and “personal hotspots” offering wireless broadband access to their cellular networks. These service options offer another alternative to cable-based Internet access.construction.
Regulation and Legislation
The following summary addresses the key regulatory and legislative developments affecting the cable industry and our three primary services for both residential and commercial customers: video, service, Internet, service, and voice service.services. Cable system operations are extensively regulated by the federal government (primarily the FCC), certain state governments, and
many local governments. A failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to substantial penalties. Our business can be dramatically impacted by changes to the existing regulatory framework, whether triggered by legislative, administrative, or judicial rulings. Congress and the FCC have frequently revisited the subject of communications regulation and they are likely to do so again in the future. We could be materially disadvantaged in the future if we are subject to new regulations or regulatory actions that do not equally impact our key competitors. We cannot provide assurance that the already extensive regulation of our business will not be expanded in the future. In addition, we are already subject to Charter-specific conditions regarding certain business practices as a result of the FCC’s approval of the Transactions.
Video Service
Cable Rate Regulation. Federal regulations currently restrict the prices that cable systems charge for the minimum level of video programming service, referred to as “basic service,” and associated equipment. All other video service offerings are now universally exempt from rate regulation. Although basic service rate regulation operates pursuant to a federal formula, local governments, commonly referred to as local franchising authorities, are primarily responsible for administering this regulation. The majority of our local franchising authorities have never been certified to regulate basic service cable rates (and order rate reductions and refunds), but they generally retain the right to do so (subject to potential regulatory limitations under state franchising laws), except in those specific communities facing “effective competition,” as defined under federal law. We have secured FCC recognition of effective competition, and become rate deregulated, in many of our communities.Must Carry/Retransmission Consent
There have been frequent calls to impose expanded rate regulation on the cable industry. Confronted with rapidly increasing cable programming costs, it is possible that Congress may adopt new constraints on the retail pricing or packaging of cable programming. Any such constraints could adversely affect our operations.
Federal rate regulations include certain marketing restrictions that could affect our pricing and packaging of service tiers and equipment. As we attempt to respond to a changing marketplace with competitive pricing practices, we may face regulations that impede our ability to compete.
Must Carry/Retransmission Consent. There are two alternative legal methods for carriage of local broadcast television stations on cable systems. Federal “must carry” regulations require cable systems to carry local broadcast television stations upon the request of the local broadcaster. Alternatively, federal law includes “retransmission consent” regulations, by which popular commercial television stations can prohibit cable carriage unless the cable operator first negotiates for “retransmission consent,” which may be conditioned on significant payments or other concessions. Popular stations invoking “retransmission consent” have been demanding substantial compensation increases in their recent negotiations with cable operators, thereby significantly increasing our operating costs.
Additional government-mandated broadcast carriage obligations could disrupt existing programming commitments, interfere with our preferred use of limited channel capacity, and limit our ability to offer services that appeal to our customers and generate revenues.
Access Channels. Local franchise agreements often require cable operators to set aside certain channels for public, educational, and governmental access programming. Federal law also requires cable systems to designate up to 15% of their channel capacity for commercial leased access by unaffiliated third parties, who may offer programming that our customers do not particularly desire. The FCC adopted new rules in 2007 mandating a significant reduction in the rates that operators can charge commercial leased access users and imposing additional administrative requirements that would be burdensome on the cable industry. The effect of the FCC's new rules was stayed by a federal court, pending a cable industry appeal and an adverse finding by the Office of Management and Budget. Although commercial leased access activity historically has been relatively limited, increased activity in this area could further burden the channel capacity of our cable systems.
Ownership Restrictions. Federal regulation of the communications field traditionally included a host of ownership restrictions, which limited the size of certain media entities and restricted their ability to enter into competing enterprises. Through a series of legislative, regulatory, and judicial actions, most of these restrictions have been either eliminated or substantially relaxed. Changes in this regulatory area could alter the business environment in which we operate.Cable Equipment
Pole Attachments. The Communications Act requires most utilities owning utility poles to provide cable systems with access to poles and conduits and simultaneously subjects the rates charged for this access to either federal or state regulation. In 2011, the FCC amended its existing pole attachment rules to promote broadband deployment. The 2011 order allows for new penalties in certain cases involving unauthorized attachments, but generally strengthens the cable industry's ability to access investor-owned utility poles on reasonable rates, terms, and conditions. It specifically maintains the basic rate formula applicable to “cable” attachments, but reduces the rate formula previously applicable to “telecommunications” attachments. Several electric utilities sought review of the 2011 order at the FCC and the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, and the FCC and the court subsequently affirmed
the new rules. Although the order maintains the status quo treatment of cable-provided VoIP service as an unclassified service eligible for the favorable cable rate, the issue has not been fully resolved by the FCC, and a potential change in classification in a pending proceeding (as well as an unresolved dispute over the telecommunications rate calculation) could adversely impact our pole attachment rates.
Cable Equipment. In 1996, Congress enacted a statute requiring the FCC to adopt regulations designed to assure the development of an independent retail market for “navigation devices,” such as cable set-top boxes. As a result, the FCC generally requiresrequired cable operators to make a separate offering of security modules (i.e., a “CableCARD”) that can be used with retail navigation devices, and to use these separate security modules even in their own set-top boxes. The FCC commenced a proceeding in 2010 to adopt standards for a successor technology to CableCARD that would involve the development of smart video devices that are compatible with any multichannel video programming distributor service in the United States.devices. Some of the FCC’s rules requiring support for CableCARDs were vacated by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in 2013, and another of these rules was repealed by Congress in 2014, but the basic obligation to provide separable security for retail devices remains in place. In 2016, the FCC proposed to replace its CableCARD regime with burdensome new rules that would have required us to make disaggregated “information flows” available to set-top boxes and apps supplied by third parties. That proposal was not adopted, but various parties may continue to advocate alternative regulatory approaches to reduce consumer dependency on traditional operator provided set-top boxes. It remains uncertain whether the FCC or Congress will change the legal requirements related to our set-top boxes and what the impact of any such changes might be.
Privacyand Information Security Regulation
The Communications Act limits our ability to collect, use, and disclose subscribers’ personally identifiable information for our video, voice, and Internet services, as well as provides requirements to safeguard such information. We are subject to additional federal, state, and local laws and regulations that impose additional restrictions on the collection, use and disclosure of consumer, subscriber and employee information. Further, the FCC, Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), and many states regulate and restrict the marketing practices of communications service providers, including telemarketing and online marketing efforts. The FCC recently adopted privacy rules that contain new restrictions affecting the use of broadband and voice customer data, and various other federal agencies, including the FTC, continue to provide updated guidance on the use and protection of consumer data.
Our operations are also subject to federal and state laws governing information security, including new “reasonable” data security requirements set forth in the FCC’s recently adopted privacy rules, which will become effective on March 3, 2017. In the event of an information security breach, such rules may require consumer and government agency notification and may result in regulatory enforcement actions with the potential of monetary forfeitures. The FCC has an open proceedingrecently used the existing authority under its privacy and security requirements for telecommunications services to considerbring enforcement actions against several companies for failing to protect customer data from unauthorized access by and disclosure to third parties, resulting in substantial monetary settlements. Similarly, the FTC and state attorneys general regularly bring enforcement actions against companies related to information security breaches and privacy violations. Several state legislatures are considering the adoption of replacement rules. Either of the above proceedingsnew data security and cybersecurity legislation that could result in additional equipment-related obligations. In April 2013, Charter received a two-year waiver from the FCC’s “integration ban,” which otherwise requires all new leased cable set-top boxesnetwork and information security requirements for our business.
Various security standards provide guidance to have separable securitytelecommunications companies in order to help identify and mitigate cybersecurity risk. One such as CableCARDs. A condition to the waiverstandard is the requirementvoluntary framework released by the National Institute for CharterStandards and Technologies (“NIST”) in February 2014, in cooperation with other federal agencies and owners and operators of U.S. critical infrastructure.The NIST cybersecurity framework provides a prioritized and flexible model for organizations to meet certain milestones regarding downloadable security. By the end of the waiver period, Charter intendsidentify and manage cyber risks inherent to their business. It was designed to supplement, not supersede, existing cybersecurity regulations and requirements. Several government agencies have deployed a downloadable security system that will complyencouraged compliance with the integration ban withoutNIST cybersecurity framework, including the useFCC, which is also considering expansion of CableCARDs. This waiver is affording Charterits cybersecurity guidelines or the ability to use lower-cost set-top boxes as it transitions to all-digital operations. In connection withadoption of cybersecurity requirements. We cannot predict what proposals may be adopted or how new legislation and regulations, if any, would affect our request for this waiver, Charter committed to continue to support CableCARDs and to follow the CableCARD-related rules that were struck down by the court in 2013. Outside parties have appealed our waiver to the FCC. The outcome of those appeals could adversely impact the waiver; however, Charter intends to defend the waiver with the FCC.business.
MDUs / Inside Wiring.
The FCC has adopted a series of regulations designed to spur competition to established cable operators in MDU complexes. These regulations allow our competitors to access certain existing cable wiring inside MDUs. The FCC also adopted regulations limiting the ability of established cable operators, like us, to enter into exclusive service contracts for MDU complexes. In their current form, the FCC’s regulations in this area favor our competitors.
Privacyand Information Security Regulation. Pole Attachments
The Communications Act limits ourrequires most utilities owning utility poles to provide cable systems with access to poles and conduits and simultaneously subjects the rates charged for this access to either federal or state regulation. In 2011 and again in 2015, the FCC amended its existing pole attachment rules to promote broadband deployment. The 2011 order allows for new penalties in certain cases involving unauthorized attachments, but generally strengthens the cable industry’s ability to collectaccess investor-owned utility poles on reasonable rates, terms, and disclose subscribers’ personally identifiable informationconditions. Additionally, the 2011 order reduces the federal rate formula previously applicable to “telecommunications” attachments to closely approximate the rate formula applicable to “cable” attachments. The 2015 order continues the reconciliation of rates, effectively closing the remaining “loophole” that potentially allowed for significantly higher rates for telecommunications than for “cable” attachments in certain scenarios. Utility pole owners have appealed the 2015 order. Neither the 2011 order nor the 2015 order directly affect the rate in states that self-regulate (rather than allow the FCC to regulate pole rates), but many of those states have substantially the same rate for cable and telecommunications attachments.
Although the 2011 and 2015 orders do not impact the status quo treatment of cable-provided VoIP service as an unclassified service eligible for the favorable cable rate, the issue has not been fully resolved by the FCC, and a potential change in classification in a pending proceeding could adversely impact our pole attachment rates in states or for periods of time in which the cable rate is or was lower than the telecommunications rate. Additionally, although the FCC’s 2015 reclassification of broadband Internet access as a telecommunications service also set forth the FCC’s intention that pole rates not increase as result. That reclassification ruling could adversely impact our pole attachment rates in states or for periods of time in which the cable rate is or was lower than the telecommunications rate.
Cable Rate Regulation
Federal law strictly limits the potential scope of cable rate regulation. Pursuant to federal law, all video voice,offerings are universally exempt from rate regulation, except for a cable system’s minimum level of video programming service, referred to as “basic service,” and Internet services,associated equipment. Rate regulation of basic service and associated equipment operates pursuant to a federal formula, with local governments, commonly referred to as well as provides requirementslocal franchising authorities, primarily responsible for administering this regulation. The majority of our local franchising authorities have never certified to safeguardregulate basic service cable rates. In 2015, the FCC adopted an order (which is now under appeal) reversing its historic approach to rate regulation certifications and requiring a local franchise authority interested in regulating cable rates to first make an affirmative showing that there is no “effective competition” (as defined under federal law) in the community. Very few local franchise authorities have filed the necessary rate regulation certification, and the FCC’s 2015 order should make it more difficult for such information. We are subjectentities to additional federal, state, and local laws and regulations thatassert rate regulation in the future.
There have been calls to impose additional restrictionsexpanded rate regulation on the collection, use and disclosure of consumer, subscriber and employee information. Further,cable industry. Confronted with rapidly increasing cable programming costs, it is possible that Congress may adopt new constraints on the FCC, FTC, and many states regulate and restrict the marketing practicesretail pricing or packaging of cable operators, including telemarketing and online marketing efforts. Various federal agencies, including the FTC, are now considering new restrictions affecting the use of personal and profiling data for online advertising.programming. Any such constraints could adversely affect our operations.
Our operations areOwnership Restrictions
Federal regulation of the communications field traditionally included a host of ownership restrictions, which limited the size of certain media entities and restricted their ability to enter into competing enterprises. Through a series of legislative, regulatory, and judicial actions, most of these restrictions have been either eliminated or substantially relaxed. Changes in this regulatory area could alter the business environment in which we operate.
Access Channels
Local franchise agreements often require cable operators to set aside certain channels for public, educational, and governmental access programming. Federal law also subjectrequires cable systems to federal and state laws governing information security, includingdesignate up to 15% of their channel capacity for commercial leased access by unaffiliated third parties, who may offer programming that our customers do not particularly desire. The FCC adopted revised rules requiring customer notificationin 2007 mandating a significant reduction in the eventrates that operators can charge commercial leased access users and imposing additional administrative requirements that would be burdensome on the cable industry. The effect of the FCC’s revised rules was stayed by a federal court, pending a cable industry appeal and an information security breach. Congress is consideringadverse finding by the adoptionOffice of new data securityManagement and cybersecurity legislation thatBudget. Although commercial leased access activity historically has been relatively limited, increased activity in this area could result in additional network and information security requirements forfurther burden the channel capacity of our business.cable systems.
Other FCC Regulatory Matters. Matters
FCC regulations cover a variety of additional areas, including, among other things: (1) equal employment opportunity obligations; (2) customer service standards; (3) technical service standards; (4) mandatory blackouts of certain network syndicated and sportssyndicated programming; (5) restrictions on political advertising; (6) restrictions on advertising in children'schildren’s programming; (7) licensing of systems and facilities; (8) maintenance of public files; (9) emergency alert systems; and (10) disability access, including new requirements governing video-description and closed-captioning. Each of these regulations restricts our business practices to varying degrees.degrees and may impose additional costs on our operations.
It is possible that Congress or the FCC will expand or modify its regulation of cable systems in the future, and we cannot predict at this time how that might impact our business.
Copyright. Copyright
Cable systems are subject to a federal copyright compulsory license covering carriage of television and radio broadcast signals. The possible modification or elimination of this compulsory copyright license is the subject of continuing legislative proposals and administrative review and could adversely affect our ability to obtain desired broadcast programming. Pursuant to the Satellite Television Extension and Localisms Act of 2010 (“STELA”), the Copyright Office, the Government Accountability Office and the FCC all issued reports to Congress in 2011 that generally support an eventual phase-out of the compulsory licenses, although they also acknowledge the potential adverse impact on cable subscribers and the absence of any clear marketplace alternative to the compulsory license. If adopted, a phase-out plan could adversely affect our ability to obtain certain programming and substantially increase our programming costs. STELA also establishes a new audit mechanism for copyright owners to review compulsory copyright filings, which the Copyright Office is still in the process of implementing.
Copyright clearances for non-broadcast programming services are arranged through private negotiations. Cable operators also must obtain music rights for locally originated programming and advertising from the major music performing rights organizations. These licensing fees have been the source of litigation in the past, and we cannot predict with certainty whether license fee disputes may arise in the future.
Franchise Matters. CableMatters
Our cable systems generally are operated pursuant to nonexclusive franchises, permits, and similar authorizations granted by a municipality or other state or local government entity in order to utilize and cross public rights-of-way. Cable franchises generally are granted for fixed terms and in many cases include monetary penalties for noncompliance and may be terminable if the franchisee fails to comply with material provisions. The specific terms and conditions of cable franchises vary significantly between jurisdictions. Cable franchises generally contain provisions governing cable operations, franchise fees, system construction, maintenance, technical performance, customer service standards, supporting and carrying public access channels, and changes in the ownership of the franchisee. A number of states subject cable systems to the jurisdiction of centralized state government agencies, such as public utility commissions. Although local franchising authorities have considerable discretion in establishing franchise terms, certain federal protections benefit cable operators. For example, federal law caps local franchise fees and includesfees.
Prior to the scheduled expiration of our franchises, we generally initiate renewal procedures designedproceedings with the granting authorities. The Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the “Communications Act”), which is the primary federal statute regulating interstate communications, provides for an orderly franchise renewal process in which granting authorities may not unreasonably withhold renewals. In connection with the franchise renewal process, however, many governmental authorities require the cable operator to protect incumbent franchisees from arbitrary denialsmake additional costly commitments. Historically, we have been able to renew our franchises without incurring significant costs, although any particular franchise may not be renewed on commercially favorable terms or otherwise. If we fail to obtain renewals of renewal. Even iffranchises representing a franchise is renewed, however, the local franchising authority may seeksignificant number of our customers, it could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or our liquidity, including our ability to impose new and more onerous requirements as a condition of renewal.comply with our debt covenants. Similarly, if a local franchising authority'sauthority’s consent is required for the purchase or sale of a cable system, the local franchising authority may attempt to impose more burdensome requirements as a condition for providing its consent.
The traditional cable franchising regime has recently undergone significant change as a result of various federal and state actions. The FCC has adopted rules that streamline entry for new competitors (particularly those affiliated with telephone companies) and reduce certain franchising burdens for these new entrants. The FCC adopted more modest relief for existing cable operators.
At the same time, a substantial number of states have adopted new franchising laws. Again, these laws were principally designed to streamline entry for new competitors, and they often provide advantages for these new entrants that are not immediately available to existing cable operators. In many instances, these franchising regimes do not apply to established cable operators until the existing franchise expires or a competitor directly enters the franchise territory. The exact nature of these state franchising laws, and their varying application to new and existing video providers, will impact our franchising obligations and our competitive position.
Internet Service
On January 14, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, in Verizon v. FCC struck down majorportions of the FCC’s 2010 “net neutrality”regulations subject broadband Internet access services to certain regulations intended to ensure that end users can send and receive lawful Internet content without discrimination by Internet service providers such as us. Under these rules, governing the operating practicesproviders of broadband Internet access service are not permitted to block access to, or restrict data rates for downloading, lawful content or ban the attachment of non-harmful devices to our service except to the extent required by reasonable network management practices. Internet service providers like us.are also not permitted to give special priority to the transmission of content from our affiliates or accept payment from third parties to give special priority their content. Furthermore, Internet service providers are subject to a general obligation not to take actions that unreasonably interfere with the ability of end users (such as our subscribers) and edge providers (such as web sites) to exchange data with each other. The FCC originally designedhas also stated that it will investigate problems that may arise regarding interconnection of the rules to ensure an “open Internet” and included three key requirements fornetworks of retail broadband providers: 1) a prohibition against blocking websites or other online applications; 2) a prohibition against unreasonable discrimination among Internet users or among different websites or other sources of information; and 3) a transparency requirement compelling the disclosure of network management policies. The Court struck down the first two requirements, concluding that they constitute “common carrier” restrictions that are not permissible given the FCC’s earlier decision to classify Internet access as an “information service,” rather than a “telecommunicationsproviders with “upstream” providers of Internet connectivity. In addition, the FCC rules require that we meet certain “transparency” obligations, i.e., that we disclose material technical and other terms and conditions applicable to our Internet service.” The Court These FCC regulations were upheld by the FCC’s transparency requirement andD.C. Circuit in June 2016, but remain subject to additional appeals. We cannot predict how those ongoing appeals will be resolved. Moreover, it is possible that Congress or the FCC's authority to adopt regulations regardingFCC will modify or repeal the Internet.existing regulations.
AsWe cannot predict how the FCC will enforce its regulations in particular cases or whether in the future the FCC may seek to expand the scope of its regulatory obligations on Internet has matured, it has becomeaccess service providers. In addition to the subjectregulatory obligations noted above, providers of increasing regulatory interest. Congress and federal regulators have adopted a wide range of measures directly or potentially affectingbroadband Internet use, including, for example, consumer privacy, copyright protections, defamation liability, taxation, obscenity, and unsolicited commercial e-mail. Our Internet servicesaccess service are subject toobliged by the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act ("CALEA") requirements regarding(CALEA) to configure their networks in a manner that facilitates the ability of law enforcement, surveillance. Content owners are now seeking additionalwith proper legal mechanismsauthorization, to combat copyright infringement overobtain information about our customers, including the Internet. Pending and future legislation in this area could adversely affect our operations as ancontent of their Internet service provider and our relationship with our Internet customers. Additionally, thecommunications The FCC and Congress also are considering subjecting Internet access services to the Universal Service funding requirements. These funding requirements could impose significant new costs on our high-speed Internet service. Also, the FCC and some state regulatory commissions direct certain subsidies to telephone companies deploying broadband to areas deemed to be “unserved” or “underserved.” Charter hasWe have opposed such subsidies when directed to areas that Charter serves.we serve. Despite Charter’sour efforts, future subsidies may be directed to areas served by Charter,us, which could
result in subsidized competitors operating in our service territories. State and local governmental organizations have also adopted Internet-related regulations. These various governmental jurisdictions are also considering additional regulations in these and other areas, such as privacy, pricing, service and product quality, and taxation. The adoption of new Internet regulations or the adaptation of existing laws to the Internet could adversely affect our business.
Aside from the FCC’s generally applicable regulations, we have made certain commitments to comply with the FCC’s order in connection with the FCC’s approval of the TWC Transaction and the Bright House Transaction (discussed above).
15The FCC is considering whether online video distributors (“OVDs”) that offer programming to customers with a broadband Internet connection should be classified as multichannel video programming distributors (“MVPDs”), and thereby subject to the program access protections available to MVPDs, as well as some of the regulatory requirements applicable to MVPDs. The outcome of this proceeding, which could impact how OVDs compete in the future with traditional cable service, cannot be determined at the current time.
Voice Service
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 created a more favorable regulatory environment for us to provide telecommunications and/or competitive voice services than had previously existed. In particular, it established requirements ensuring that competitive telephone companies could interconnect their networks with those providers of traditional telecommunications services to open the market to competition. The FCC has subsequently ruled that competitive telephone companies that support VoIP services, such as those we offer our customers, are entitled to interconnection with incumbent providers of traditional telecommunications services, which ensures that our VoIP services can compete in the market. Since that time, the FCC has initiated a proceeding to determine whether such interconnection rights should extend to traditional and competitive networks utilizing IP technology, and how to encourage the transition to IP networks throughout the industry. New rules or obligations arising from these proceedings may affect our ability to compete in the provision of voice services. On November 18, 2011,
The FCC has collected extensive data from providers of point to point transport (“special access”) services, such as us, and the FCC released an order significantly changingmay use that data to evaluate whether the rules governing intercarrier compensation paymentsmarket for such services is competitive, or whether the origination and termination of telephone traffic between carriers.market should be subject to further regulation, which may increase our costs or constrain our ability to compete in this market. The FCC also recently selected a new rules will result in a substantial decrease in intercarrier compensation payments over a multi-year period. We received intercarrier compensation of approximately $21 million, $19 million and $23 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The decreases over the multi-year transition will affect both the amounts that Charter pays to other carriersnational local number portability administrator, and the amountschange to that Charter receives from other carriers. The schedulenew administrator may adversely impact our ability to manage number porting and magnitude of these decreases, however, will vary depending on the nature of the carriers and the telephone traffic at issue, and the FCC's new ruling initiates further implementation rulemakings. We cannot yet predict with certainty the balance of the impact on Charter's revenues and expenses for voice services at particular times over this multi-year period.related tasks.
Further regulatory changes are being considered that could impact our voice business and that of our primary telecommunications competitors. The FCC and state regulatory authorities are considering, for example, whether certain common carrier regulations traditionally applied to incumbent local exchange carriers should be modified or reduced, and the extent to which common carrier requirements should be extended to VoIP providers. The FCC has already determined that certain providers of voice services using Internet Protocol technology must comply with requirements relating to 911 emergency services (“E911”), the CALEA regarding(the statute governing law enforcement access to and surveillance of communications,communications), Universal Service Fund contributions, customer privacy and Customer Proprietary Network Information issues, number portability, network outage reporting, rural call completion, disability access, regulatory fees, and discontinuance of service. In November 2014, the FCC adopted an order imposing limited back-up power obligations on providers of facilities-based fixed, residential voice services that are not otherwise line-powered, including our VoIP services. This order became effective in February 2016 and requires us to disclose certain information to customers and to make back-up power available at the point of sale. In March 2007, a federal appeals court affirmed the FCC’s decision concerning federal regulation of certain VoIP services, but declined to specifically find that VoIP service provided by cable companies, such as we provide, should be regulated only at the federal level. As a result, some states have begun proceedings to subject cable VoIP services to state level regulation.regulation, and at least one state has asserted jurisdiction over our VoIP services. We have filed a legal challenge to that state’s assertion of jurisdiction, which is now pending before a federal district court in Minnesota. Although we have registered with, or obtained certificates or authorizations from the FCC and the state regulatory authorities in those states in which we offer competitive voice services in order to ensure the continuity of our services and to maintain needed network interconnection arrangements, it is unclear whether and how these and other ongoing regulatory matters ultimately will be resolved.
Transaction-Related Commitments
In addition,connection with approval of the Transactions, federal and state regulators imposed a number of post-merger conditions on us including but not limited to the following.
FCC Conditions
Offer settlement-free Internet interconnection to any party that meets the requirements of our Interconnection Policy (available on Charter’s website) on terms generally consistent with the policy for seven years (with a possible reduction to five);
Deploy and offer high-speed broadband Internet access service to an additional two million locations over five years, at least one million of which must be in 2013areas outside our footprint that face competition from another high-speed Internet provider;
Refrain from charging usage-based prices or imposing data caps on any fixed mass market broadband Internet access service plans for seven years (with a possible reduction to five);
Offer 30/4 Mbps discounted broadband where technically feasible to eligible customers throughout our service area for four years from the offer’s commencement; and
Continue to provide CableCARDs to any new or existing customer upon request for use in third-party retail devices for four years-and continue to support such CableCARDs for seven years (in each case, unless the FCC issued a broad data collection order that will require providers of point to point transport (“special access”) services, such as Charter, to produce information tochanges the agency concerning the rates, terms and conditions of these services. relevant rules).
The FCC conditions also contain a number of compliance reporting requirements.
DOJ Conditions
The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) Order prohibits us from entering into or enforcing any agreement with a video programmer that forbids, limits or creates incentives to limit the video programmer’s provision of content to OVDs. We will usenot be able to avail ourself of other distributors’ most favored nation (“MFN”) provisions if they are inconsistent with this prohibition. The DOJ’s conditions are effective for seven years, although we may petition the dataDOJ to evaluate whethereliminate the marketconditions after five years.
State Conditions
Certain state regulators, including California, New York, Hawaii and New Jersey also imposed conditions in connection with the approval of the Transactions. These conditions include requirements related to:
Upgrading networks within the designated state, including upgrades to broadband speeds and conversion of all households served within California and New York to an all-digital platform;
Building out our network to households and business locations that are not currently served by cable within the designated states;
Offering LifeLine service discounts and low-income broadband to eligible households served within the applicable states;
Investing in service improvement programs and customer service enhancements and maintaining customer-facing jobs within the designated state;
Continuing to make legacy service offerings available, including allowing Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House customers to maintain their existing service offerings for such services is competitive, or whether the market should be subject to further regulation, which may increase our costs or constrain our ability to compete in this market.a period of three years; and
Complying with reporting requirements.
Employees
As of December 31, 2013,2016, we had approximately 21,60091,500 active full-time equivalent employees. At December 31, 2013,2016, approximately 902,500 of our employees were represented by collective bargaining agreements. We believe we have never experienced a work stoppage.good relations with our employees including those represented by collective bargaining agreements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Risks Related to the Integration of the Transactions
If we are not able to successfully integrate our business with that of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated cost savings and other benefits of the Transactions may not be realized fully, or at all, or
may take longer to realize than expected. In such circumstance, we may not perform as expected and the value of Charter's Class A common stock may be adversely affected.
Until the closing of the Transactions, Legacy Charter, Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House operated independently, and there can be no assurances that their businesses can be integrated successfully. We now have significantly more systems, assets, investments, businesses, customers and employees than each company did prior to the Transactions. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key Charter employees, the loss of customers, the disruption of our ongoing businesses or in unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs and an overall post-completion integration process that takes longer than originally anticipated. The process of integrating Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House with the Legacy Charter operations will require significant capital expenditures and the expansion of certain operations and operating and financial systems. Management will be required to devote a significant amount of time and attention to the integration process and there is a significant degree of difficulty and management involvement inherent in that process. These difficulties include:
integrating the companies’ operations and corporate functions;
integrating the companies’ technologies, networks and customer service platforms;
integrating and unifying the product offerings and services available to customers, including customer premise equipment and video user interfaces;
harmonizing the companies’ operating practices, employee development and compensation programs, internal controls and other policies, procedures and processes;
maintaining existing relationships and agreements with customers, providers, programmers and other vendors and avoiding delays in entering into new agreements with prospective customers, providers and vendors;
addressing possible differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures and management philosophies;
consolidating the companies’ administrative and information technology infrastructure;
coordinating programming and marketing efforts;
coordinating geographically dispersed organizations;
integrating information, purchasing, provisioning, accounting, finance, sales, billing, payroll, reporting and regulatory compliance systems;
completing the conversion of analog systems to all-digital for the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House systems; and
attracting and retaining the necessary personnel associated with the acquired assets.
Even if the new businesses are successfully integrated, it may not be possible to realize the benefits that are expected to result from the Transactions, or realize these benefits within the time frame that is expected. For example, the elimination of duplicative costs may not be possible or may take longer than anticipated, or the benefits from the Transactions may be offset by costs incurred or delays in integrating the businesses and increased operating costs. If the combined company fails to realize the anticipated benefits from the transactions, our liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and/or share price may be adversely affected. In addition, at times, the attention of certain members of our management and resources may be focused on the integration of the businesses and diverted from day-to-day business operations, which may disrupt the business of the combined company.
If the operating results of Legacy TWC and/or Legacy Bright House are less than our expectations, or an increase in the capital expenditures to upgrade and maintain those assets as well as to keep pace with technological developments are greater than expected, we may not achieve the expected level of financial results from the Transactions.
We will derive a portion of our continuing revenues and earnings per share from the operations of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House. Therefore, any negative impact on these companies or the operating results derived from such companies could harm the combined company’s operating results.
Our business and the businesses of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House are characterized by rapid technological change and the introduction of new products and services. We intend to make investments in the combined business and transition toward only using two-way all-digital set-top boxes. The increase in capital expenditures necessary for the transition toward two-way set-top boxes in the business may negatively impact the expected financial results from the Transactions. The combined company may not be able to fund the capital expenditures necessary to keep pace with technological developments, execute the plans to do so, or anticipate the demand of its customers for products and services requiring new technology or bandwidth. Our inability to maintain, expand and upgrade our existing or combined businesses could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The Transactions were accounted for as an acquisition in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House have been recorded, as of the date of completion of the Transactions, at their respective fair values and added to our assets and liabilities.
The excess of the purchase price over those fair values has been recorded as goodwill. To the extent the value of goodwill or intangibles becomes impaired, we may be required to incur material charges relating to such impairment. Such a potential impairment charge could have a material impact on our operating results.
As a result of the closing of the Transactions, our businesses are subject to the conditions set forth in the FCC Order and the DOJ Consent Decree and those imposed by state utility commissions and local franchise authorities, and there can be no assurance that these conditions will not have an adverse effect on our businesses and results of operations.
In connection with the Transactions, the FCC Order, the DOJ Consent Decree, and the approvals from state utility commissions and local franchise authorities incorporated numerous commitments and voluntary conditions made by the parties and imposed numerous conditions on our businesses relating to the operation of our business and other matters. Among other things, (i) we will not be permitted to charge usage-based prices or impose data caps and will be prohibited from charging interconnection fees for qualifying parties; (ii) we will be prohibited from entering into or enforcing any agreement with a programmer that forbids, limits or creates incentives to limit the programmer’s provision of content to OVD and cannot retaliate against programmers for licensing to OVDs; (iii) we will not be able to avail ourself of other distributors’ most favored nation (“MFN”) provisions if they are inconsistent with this prohibition; (iv) we must undertake a number of actions designed to promote diversity; (v) we must appoint an independent compliance monitor and comply with a broad array of reporting requirements; and (v) we must satisfy various other conditions relating to our Internet services, including building out an additional two million locations with access to a high-speed connection of at least 60 megabits per second with at least one million of those connections in competition with another high-speed broadband provider in the market served, and implementing a reduced price high-speed Internet program for low income families. These and other conditions and commitments relating to the Transactions are of varying duration, ranging from three to seven years. In light of the breadth and duration of the conditions and potential changes in market conditions during the time the conditions and commitments are in effect, there can be no assurance that our compliance, and ability to comply, with the conditions will not have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
We have a significant amount of debt and may incur significant additional debt, including secured debt, in the future, which could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to react to changes in our business.
We have a significant amount of debt and may (subject to applicable restrictions in our debt instruments) incur additional debt in the future. As of December 31, 2013,2016, our total principal amount of debt was approximately $14.2 billion.$60.0 billion.
Our significant amount of debt could have consequences, such as:
impact our ability to raise additional capital at reasonable rates, or at all;
make us vulnerable to interest rate increases, in part because approximately 16%13% of our borrowings are,as of December 31, 2016 were, and may continue to be, subject to variable rates of interest;
expose us to increased interest expense to the extent we refinance existing debt, particularly our bank debt with higher cost debt;
require us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operating activities to make payments on our debt, reducing our funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate expenses;
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business, the cable and telecommunications industries, and the economy at large;
place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors that have proportionately less debt; and
adversely affect our relationship with customers and suppliers.
If current debt amounts increase, our business results are lower than expected, or credit rating agencies downgrade our debt limiting our access to investment grade markets, the related risks that we now face will intensify.
The agreements and instruments governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly affect our ability to operate our business, as well as significantly affect our liquidity.
Our credit facilities and the indentures governing our debt contain a number of significant covenants that could adversely affect our ability to operate our business, our liquidity, and our results of operations. These covenants restrict, among other things, our and our subsidiaries’ ability to:
incur additional debt;
repurchase or redeem equity interests and debt;
issue equity;
make certain investments or acquisitions;
pay dividends or make other distributions;
dispose of assets or merge;
enter into related party transactions; and
grant liens and pledge assets.
Additionally, the Charter Operating credit facilities require Charter Operating to comply with a maximum total leverage covenant and a maximum first lien leverage covenant. The breach of any covenants or obligations in our indentures or credit facilities, not otherwise waived or amended, could result in a default under the applicable debt obligations and could trigger acceleration of those obligations, which in turn could trigger cross defaults under other agreements governing our long-term indebtedness. In addition, the secured lenders under our notes and the Charter Operating credit facilities and the secured lenders under the CCO Holdings credit facility could foreclose on their collateral, which includes equity interests in our subsidiaries, and exercise other rights of secured creditors.
We depend on generating sufficient cash flow to fund our debt obligations, capital expenditures, and ongoing operations.
We are dependent on our cash on hand and cash flow from operations to fund our debt obligations, capital expenditures and ongoing operations.
Our ability to service our debt and to fund our planned capital expenditures and ongoing operations will depend on our ability to continue to generate cash flow and our access (by dividend or otherwise) to additional liquidity sources at the applicable obligor. Our ability to continue to generate cash flow is dependent on many factors, including:
our ability to sustain and grow revenues and cash flow from operations by offering video, Internet, voice, advertising and other services to residential and commercial customers, to adequately meet the customer experience demands in our markets and to maintain and grow our customer base, particularly in the face of increasingly aggressive competition, the need for innovation and the related capital expenditures and the difficult economic conditions in the United States;expenditures;
the impact of competition from other market participants, including but not limited to incumbent telephone companies, direct broadcast satellite operators, wireless broadband and telephone providers, DSL providers, and video provided over the Internet and providers of advertising over the Internet;
general business conditions, economic uncertainty or downturn, high unemployment levels and the level of activity in the housing sector;
our ability to obtain programming at reasonable prices or to raise prices to offset, in whole or in part, the effects of higher programming costs (including retransmission consents);
the development and deployment of new products and technologies including in connection with our plan to make our systems all-digital in 2014; andcloud-based user interface, Spectrum Guide®;
the effects of governmental regulation on our business.
business or potential business combination transactions; and
17any events that disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and impair our operating activities and negatively impact our reputation.
Some of these factors are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or we are unable to access additional liquidity sources, we may not be able to service and repay our debt, operate our business, respond to competitive challenges, or fund our other liquidity and capital needs.
Restrictions in our subsidiaries'subsidiaries’ debt instruments and under applicable law limit their ability to provide funds to us and our subsidiaries that are debt issuers.
Our primary assets are our equity interests in our subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and are not obligated to make funds available to their debt issuer holding companies for payments on our notes or other obligations in the form of loans, distributions, or otherwise. Charter Operating’s ability to make distributions to usCharter or CCO Holdings, our other primary debt issuer,issuers other than TWC, LLC and TWCE, to service debt obligations is subject to its compliance with the terms of its credit facilities, and restrictions under applicable law. TWC, LLC’s and TWCE’s ability to make distributions to Charter, CCO Holdings or Charter Operating to service debt obligations is subject to restrictions under applicable law. See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion8. Financial Statements and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Limitations on Distributions” and “— Summary of Restrictive Covenants of Our Notes – Restrictions on Distributions.Supplementary Data.” Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “Act”), our subsidiaries may only make distributions if the relevant entity has “surplus” as defined in the Act. Under fraudulent transfer laws, our subsidiaries may not pay dividends if the relevant entity is insolvent or is rendered insolvent thereby. The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer laws vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer has occurred. Generally, however, an entity would be considered insolvent if:
the sum of its debts, including contingent liabilities, was greater than the fair saleable value of all its assets;
the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature; or
it could not pay its debts as they became due.
While weWe believe that our relevant subsidiaries currently have surplus and are not insolvent, however, these subsidiaries may become insolvent in the future. Our direct or indirect subsidiaries include the borrowers under the CCO Holdings credit facility and the borrowers and guarantors under the Charter Operating credit facilities.facilities and notes, under the CCO Holdings is also an obligornotes and under its seniorthe TWC, LLC and TWCE notes. As of December 31, 2013,2016, our total principal amount of debt was approximately $14.2 billion.$60.0 billion.
In the event of bankruptcy, liquidation, or dissolution of one or more of our subsidiaries, that subsidiary'ssubsidiary’s assets would first be applied to satisfy its own obligations, and following such payments, such subsidiary may not have sufficient assets remaining to make payments to its parent company as an equity holder or otherwise. In that event:
event, the lenders under CCO Holdings’Charter Operating’s credit facilityfacilities and Charter Operating's credit facilities,notes and any other indebtedness of our subsidiaries whose interests are secured by substantially all of our operating assets, and all holders of other debt of Charter Operating, CCO Holdings, TWC, LLC and Charter Operating,TWCE will have the right to be paid in full before us from any of our subsidiaries' assets; andsubsidiaries’ assets.
CCH I, the holder of preferred membership interests in our subsidiary, CC VIII, would have a claim on a portion of CC VIII’s assets that may reduce the amounts available for repayment to holders of CCO Holdings' outstanding notes.
AllSome of our outstanding debt is subject to change of control provisions. We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness following a change of control, which would place us in default under the applicable debt instruments.
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to fulfill our obligations under our notes and our credit facilities following a change of control. Under the indentures governing our notes and the CCO Holdings credit facility,Holdings’ notes, upon the occurrence of specified change of control events, CCO Holdingsthe debt issuer is required to offer to repurchase all of its outstanding notes and the debt under its credit facility.notes. However, we may not have sufficient access to funds at the time of the change of control event to make the required repurchase of the applicable notes, and the debt under the CCO Holdings credit facility, and Charter Operating is limited in its ability to make distributions or other payments to CCO Holdingsany debt issuer to fund any required repurchase. In addition, a change of control under the Charter Operating credit facilities would result in a default under those credit facilities.facilities, which would trigger a default under the indentures governing the CCO Holdings’ notes, the Charter Operating notes and the TWC, LLC and TWCE notes. Because such credit facilities and notes are obligations of Charter Operating and its subsidiaries, the credit facilities would have to be repaid before Charter Operating'sOperating’s assets could be available to CCO Holdings to repurchase their notes. Any failure to make or complete a change of control offer would place CCO Holdings in default under its notes and credit facility.their notes. The failure of our subsidiaries to make a change of control offer or repay the amounts accelerated under their notes and credit facilities would place them in default.default under such agreements.
Risks Related to Our Business
We operate in a very competitive business environment, which affects our ability to attract and retain customers and can adversely affect our business, operations and operations.financial results.
The industry in which we operate is highly competitive and has become more so in recent years. In some instances, we compete against companies with fewer regulatory burdens, better access to financing, greater personnel resources, greater resources for marketing, greater and more favorable brand name recognition, and long-established relationships with regulatory authorities and customers. Increasing consolidation in the cable industry and the repeal of certain ownership rules have provided additional benefits to certain of our competitors, either through access to financing, resources, or efficiencies of scale. We could also face additional competition from multi-channel video providers if they began distributing video over the Internet to customers residing outside their current territories.
Our principal competitors forresidential video service faces competition from a number of sources, including direct broadcast satellite services, throughout our territory are DBS providers. The two largest DBSas well as other companies that deliver movies, television shows and other video programming over broadband Internet connections to TVs, computers, tablets and mobile devices. Our residential Internet service faces competition from the phone companies’ DSL, FTTH and wireless broadband offerings as well as from a variety of companies that offer other forms of online services, including wireless and satellite-based broadband services. Our residential voice service competes with wireless and wireline phone providers, are DirecTVas well as other forms of communication, such as text messaging on cellular phones, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and DISH Network.email. Competition from DBS,these companies, including intensive marketing efforts with aggressive pricing, exclusive programming and increased HD broadcasting has hadmay have an adverse impact on our ability to attract and retain customers. DBS companies have also expanded their activities in the MDU market.
Telephone companies, including two major telephone companies, AT&T and Verizon, offer video and other services in competition with us, and we expect they will increasingly do so in the future. Upgraded portions of these networks carry two-way video, data services and provide digital voice services similar to ours. In the case of Verizon, FIOS high-speed data services offer speeds as high as or higher than ours. In addition, these companies continue to offer their traditional telephone services, as well as service bundles that include wireless voice services provided by affiliated companies. Based on our internal estimates, we believe that AT&T and Verizon are offering video services in areas serving approximately 30% and 4%, respectively, of our estimated passings and we have experienced customer losses in these areas. AT&T and Verizon have also launched campaigns to capture more of the MDU market. AT&T has publicly stated that it expects to roll out its video product beyond the territories currently served although it is unclear where and to what extent. When AT&T or Verizon have introduced or expanded their offering of video products in our market areas, we have seen a decrease in our video revenue as AT&T and Verizon typically roll out aggressive marketing and discounting campaigns to launch their products.
With respect to our Internet access services, we face competition, including intensive marketing efforts and aggressive pricing, from telephone companies, primarily AT&T and Verizon, and other providers of DSL, fiber-to-the-node and fiber-to-the-home services. DSL service competes with our Internet service and is often offered at prices lower than our Internet services, although often at speeds lower than the speeds we offer. Fiber-to-the-node networks can provide faster Internet speeds than conventional DSL, but still cannot typically match our Internet speeds. Fiber-to-the-home networks, however, can provide Internet speeds equal to or greater than our current Internet speeds. In addition, in many of our markets, DSL providers have entered into co-marketing arrangements with DBS providers to offer service bundles combining video services provided by a DBS provider with DSL and traditional telephone and wireless services offered by the telephone companies and their affiliates. These service bundles offer customers similar pricing and convenience advantages as our bundles.
Continued growth in our residential voice business faces risks. The competitive landscape for residential and commercial telephone services is intense; we face competition from providers of Internet telephone services, as well as incumbent telephone companies. Further, we face increasing competition for residential voice services as more consumers in the United States are replacing traditional telephone service with wireless service. We expect to continue to price our voice product aggressively as part of our triple play strategy which could negatively impact our revenue from voice services to the extent we do not increase volume.
The existence of more than one cable system operating in the same territory is referred to as an overbuild. Overbuilds could also adversely affect our growth, financial condition, and results of operations, by creating or increasing competition. We are aware of traditional overbuild situations impacting certain of our markets, however, we are unable to predict the extent to which additional overbuild situations may occur.
In order to attract new customers, from time to time we make promotional offers, including offers of temporarily reduced price or free service. These promotional programs result in significant advertising, programming and operating expenses, and alsoOur services may requirenot allow us to make capital expenditurescompete effectively. Competition may reduce our expected growth of future cash flows which may contribute to acquirefuture impairments of our franchises and install customer premise equipment. Customers who subscribegoodwill and our ability to our services as a result of these offerings may not remain customers following the end of the promotional period. A failure to retain customers could have a material adverse effect on our business.meet cash flow requirements, including
Mergers, joint ventures,debt service requirements. For additional information regarding the competition we face, see “Business —Competition” and alliances among franchised, wireless, or private cable operators, DBS providers, local exchange carriers,“—Regulation and others, may provide additional benefitsLegislation.”
We face risks relating to somecompetition for the leisure time and discretionary spending of our competitors, either through accessaudiences, which has intensified in part due to financing, resources, or efficiencies of scale, or the ability to provide multiple servicesadvances in direct competition with us.technology and changes in consumer expectations and behavior.
In addition to the various competitive factors discussed above, our business iswe are subject to risks relating to increasing competition for the leisure time, shifting consumer needs and entertainment timediscretionary spending of consumers. Our business competesWe compete with all other sources of entertainment, news and information delivery, including broadcast television, movies, live events, radio broadcasts, home videoas well as a broad range of communications products console games, print media, and the Internet. Further, due to consumer electronic innovations, content owners are allowing consumers to watch Internet-delivered content on televisions, personal computers, tablets, gaming boxes connected to televisions and mobile devices, some without charging a fee to access the content.services. Technological advancements, such as video-on-demand, new video formats and Internet streaming and downloading of programming that can be viewed on televisions, computers, smartphones and tablets, many of which have been beneficial to us, have nonetheless increased the number of entertainment and information delivery choices available to consumers and intensified the challenges posed by audience fragmentation.
Newer products and services, particularly alternative methods for the distribution, sale and viewing of content will likely continue to be developed, further increasing the number of competitors that we face. The increasing number of choices available to audiences, including low-cost or free choices, could also negatively impact not only consumer demand for our products and services, but also advertisers’ willingness to purchase advertising from us,us. We compete for the sale of advertising revenue with television networks and stations, as well as the price they are willingother advertising platforms, such as radio, print and, increasingly, online media. Our failure to pay for advertising. If we do not respond appropriatelyeffectively anticipate or adapt to further increasesnew technologies and changes in the leisureconsumer expectations and entertainment choices available to consumers,behavior could significantly adversely affect our competitive position could deteriorate, and our financial results could suffer.
Our services may not allow us to compete effectively. Additionally, as we expand our offerings to introduce new and enhanced services, we will be subject to competition from other providers of the services we offer. Competition may reduce our expected growth of future cash flows which may contribute to future impairments of our franchises and goodwill.
Economic conditions in the United States may adversely impact the growth of our business.
We believe that continued competition and the prolonged recovery of economic conditions in the United States, including mixed recovery in the housing market and relatively high unemployment levels, have adversely affected consumer demand for our services, particularly basic video. We believe competition from wireless and economic factors have contributed to an increase in the number of homes that replace their traditional telephone service with wireless service thereby impacting the growth of our voice business. If these conditions do not improve, we believe our business and results of operations will be further adversely affected which may contribute to future impairments of our franchises and goodwill.operations.
Our exposure to the credit riskseconomic conditions of our current and potential customers, vendors and third parties could adversely affect our cash flow, results of operations and financial condition.
We are exposed to risks associated with the economic conditions of our current and potential customers, the potential financial instability of our customers many of whom have been adversely affected by theand their financial ability to purchase our products. If there were a general economic downturn. Declines in the housing market, including foreclosures, together with significant unemployment,downturn, we may causeexperience increased cancellations by our customers or lead to unfavorable changes in the mix of products purchased.purchased, including an increase in the number of homes that replace their video service with Internet-delivered and/or over-air content, which would negatively impact our ability to attract customers, increase rates and maintain or increase revenue. In addition, providing video services is an established and highly penetrated business. Our ability to gain new video subscribers is dependent to a large extent on growth in occupied housing in our service areas, which is influenced by both national and local economic conditions. Weak economic conditions may also have a negative impact on our advertising revenue. These events have adversely affected us in the past, and may continue to adversely affect our cash flow, results of operations and financial condition.condition if a downturn were to occur.
In addition, we are susceptible to risks associated with the potential financial instability of the vendors and third parties on which we rely to provide products and services or to which we outsource certain functions. The same economic conditions that may affect our customers, as well as volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets, also could adversely affect vendors and third parties and lead to significant increases in prices, reduction in output or the bankruptcy of our vendors or third parties upon which we rely. Any interruption in the services provided by our vendors or by third parties could adversely affect our cash flow, results of operation and financial condition.
We face risks inherent in our commercial business.
We may encounter unforeseen difficulties as we increase the scale of our service offerings to businesses. We sell Internet access, data networking and fiber connectivity to cellular towers and office buildings, video and business voice services to businesses and have increased our focus on growing this business. In order to grow our commercial business, we expect to increase expenditures oncontinue investment in technology, equipment and personnel focused on the commercial business. Commercial business customers often require service level agreements and generally have heightened customer expectations for reliability of services. If our efforts to build the infrastructure to scale the commercial business are not successful, the growth of our commercial services business would be limited. We depend on interconnection and related services provided by certain third parties for the growth of our commercial business. As a result, our ability to implement changes as the services grow may be limited. If we are unable to meet these service level requirements or expectations, our commercial business could be adversely affected. Finally, we expect advances in communications technology, as well as changes in the marketplace and the regulatory and legislative environment. Consequently, we are unable to predict the effect that ongoing or future developments in these areas might have on our voice and commercial businesses and operations.
WeProgramming costs are rising at a much faster rate than wages or inflation, and we may not have the ability to reduce or moderate the high growth rates of, or pass on to our customers, our increasing programming costs, which would adversely affect our cash flow and operating margins.
ProgrammingVideo programming has been, and is expected to continue to be, our largest operating expense item. In recent years, the cable industry has experienced a rapid escalation in the cost of programming. We expect programming costs to continue to increase because of a variety of factors including amounts paid for broadcast station retransmission consent, annual increases imposed by programmers with additional selling power as a resultand carriage of media consolidation, additionalincremental programming, including new sports services and non-linear programming for on-line and OnDemand platforms.VOD programming. The inability to fully pass these programming cost increases on to our customers has had, and is expected in the future to have, an adverse impact on our cash flow and operating margins associated with the video product. We have programming contracts that have expired and others that will expire at or before the end of 2014.2017. There can be no assurance that these agreements will be renewed on favorable or comparable terms. Three programmers have filed lawsuits against us regarding which legacy programming arrangements apply after the closing of the Transactions, and there can be no assurance that other programmers will not bring similar suits in the future. In addition, a number of programmers have begun to sell their services through alternative distribution channels which may cause those programmers to seek even higher programming fees from us as this may degrade security of their product, increase their operating costs or reduce their advertising revenue. To the extent that we are unable to reach agreement with certain programmers on terms that we believe are reasonable, we have been, and may be in the future, forced to remove such programming channels from our line-up, which couldmay result in a further loss of customers. Our failure to carry programming that is attractive to our subscribers could adversely impact our customer levels, operations and financial results. In addition, if our Internet customers are unable to access desirable content online because content providers block or limit access by our subscribers as a class, our ability to gain and retain customers, especially Internet customers, may be negatively impacted.
Increased demands by owners of some broadcast stations for carriage of other services or payments to those broadcasters for retransmission consent are likely to further increase our programming costs. Federal law allows commercial television broadcast stations to make an election between “must-carry” rights and an alternative “retransmission-consent” regime. When a station opts for the latter, cable operatorsretransmission consent regime, we are not allowed to carry the station’s signal without the station’s permission. In some cases, we carry stations under short-term arrangements while we attempt to negotiate new long-term retransmission agreements. If negotiations with these programmers prove unsuccessful, they could require us to cease carrying their signals, possibly for an indefinite period. Any loss of stations could make our video service less attractive to customers, which could result in less subscription and advertising revenue. In retransmission-consent negotiations, broadcasters often condition consent with respect to one station on carriage of one or more other stations or programming services in which they or their affiliates have an interest. Carriage of these other services, as well as increased fees for retransmission rights, may increase our programming expenses and diminish the amount of capacity we have available to introduce new services, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
Our inability to respond to technological developments and meet customer demand for new products and services could limitadversely affect our ability to compete effectively.
We operate in a highly competitive, consumer-driven and rapidly changing environment. Our businesssuccess is, characterized by rapid technological changeto a large extent, dependent on our ability to acquire, develop, adopt, upgrade and the introductionexploit new and existing technologies to address consumers’ changing demands and distinguish our services from those of new products and services, some of which are bandwidth-intensive.our competitors. We may not be able to accurately predict technological trends or the success of new products and services. If we choose technologies or equipment that are less effective, cost-efficient or attractive to customers than those chosen by our competitors, if we offer services that fail to appeal to consumers, are not available at competitive prices or that do not function as expected, or we are not able to fund the capital expenditures necessary to keep pace with technological developments, execute the plans to do so, or anticipate the demandour competitive position could deteriorate, and our business and financial results could suffer.
The ability of some of our customers forcompetitors to introduce new technologies, products and services requiring newmore quickly than we do may adversely affect our competitive position. Furthermore, advances in technology, decreases in the cost of existing technologies or bandwidth. changes in competitors’ product and service offerings may require us in the future to make additional research and development expenditures or to offer at no additional charge or at a lower price certain products and services that we currently offer to customers separately or at a premium. In addition, the uncertainty of our ability, and the costs, to obtain intellectual property rights from third parties could impact our ability to respond to technological advances in a timely and effective manner.
The testing and implementation of our network-based user interface, Spectrum Guide may ultimately be unsuccessful or more expensive than anticipated. The completion of our plan to become all-digital in 2014 could be delayed or cost more than the anticipated $400 million in our 2014 plan. Our inability to maintain and expand our upgraded systems including through the completion of our all-digital plan and provide advanced services such as a state of the art user interface in a timely manner, or to anticipate the demands of the marketplace, could materially adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers. Consequently, our growth, financial condition and results of operations could suffer materially.
We depend on third party service providers, suppliers and licensors; thus, if we are unable to procure the necessary services, equipment, software or licenses on reasonable terms and on a timely basis, our ability to offer services could be impaired, and our growth, operations, business, financial results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We depend on a limited number of third party service providers, suppliers and licensors to supply some of the services, hardware, software and operational support necessary to provide some of our services. We obtain these materials from a limited number of vendors, some of which do not have a long operating history or which may not be able to continue to supply the equipment and services we desire. Some of our hardware, software and operational support vendors, and service providers represent our sole source of supply or have, either through contract or as a result of intellectual property rights, a position of some exclusivity. If any of these parties breaches or terminates its agreement with us or otherwise fails to perform its obligations in a timely manner, demand exceeds these vendors’ capacity, or if these vendorsthey experience operating or financial difficulties, they significantly increase the amount we pay for necessary products or services, or they cease production of any necessary product due to lack of demand, profitability or a change in ownership or are otherwise unable to provide the equipment or services we need in a timely manner, at our specifications and at reasonable prices, our ability to provide some services might be materially adversely affected, or the need to procure or develop alternative sources of the affected materials or services might delay our ability to serve our customers. These events could materially and adversely affect our ability to retain and attract customers, and haveIn addition, the existence of only a material negative impact on our operations, business, financial results and financial condition. A limited number of vendors of key technologies can lead to less product innovation and higher costs. These events could materially and adversely affect our ability to retain and attract customers and our operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
Our cable systems have historically been restricted to using one of two proprietary conditional access security systems, which we believe has limited the number of manufacturers producing set-top boxes for such systems. As an alternative, underwe developed a waiver granted to Charter by the FCC, Charter is currently developing anew conditional access security system which maycan be downloaded into set-top boxes with features we specify that could be provided by a variety of manufacturers. We believe this new security system will make Charter systems more suitable forrefer to our specified set-top boxes
provided by additional suppliers; however,box as our Worldbox. Additionally, we may not be ableare developing technology to develop aallow our two current proprietary conditional access security system, establish these relationshipssystems to be software downloadable into our Worldbox. In order to realize the broadest benefits of our Worldbox technology, we must now complete the support for the downloadable proprietary conditional access security systems within the Worldbox. We cannot provide assurances that this implementation will ultimately be successful or completed in the expected timeframe or at the expected budget.
Our business may be ableadversely affected if we cannot continue to obtain favorable terms.license or enforce the intellectual property rights on which our business depends.
We further dependrely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and licenses and other agreements with our employees, customers, suppliers and other parties to establish and maintain our intellectual property rights in technology and the products and services used in our operating activities. Anyoperations. Also, because of the rapid pace of technological change, we both develop our own technologies, products and services and rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties. However, any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged or invalidated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to permit us to continuetake advantage of current industry trends or otherwise to use certain intellectual property,provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain product or service offerings or other competitive harm, our incurringharm. We may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses from these third parties on reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, claims of intellectual property infringement could require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements on unfavorable terms, incur substantial monetary liability or beingbe enjoined preliminarily or permanently from further use of the intellectual property in question.question, which could require us to change our business practices or offerings and limit our ability to compete effectively. Even unsuccessful claims can be time-consuming and costly to defend and may divert management’s attention and resources away from our business. In recent years, the number of intellectual property infringement claims has been increasing in the communications and entertainment industries, and, with increasing frequency, we are party to litigation alleging that certain of our services or technologies infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Various events could disrupt our networks, information systems or properties and could impair our operating activities and negatively impact our reputation.reputation and financial results.
Network and information systems technologies are critical to our operating activities, both for our internal uses, such as well as our customers' accessnetwork management and supplying services to our services. We may be subject tocustomers, including customer service operations and programming delivery. Network or information technology system failures and network disruptions. Malicious and abusive activities,shutdowns or other service disruptions caused by events such as thecomputer hacking, dissemination of computer viruses, worms and other destructive or disruptive software, computer hackings, social engineering,“cyber attacks,” process breakdowns, denial of service attacks and other malicious activitiesactivity pose increasing risks. Both unsuccessful and successful “cyber attacks” on companies have continued to increase in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. While we develop and maintain systems seeking to prevent systems-related events and security breaches from occurring, the development and maintenance of these systems is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as techniques used in such attacks become more common in industry overall. If directed at us or technologies uponsophisticated and change frequently. We, and the third parties on which we depend,rely, may be unable to anticipate these activities couldtechniques or implement adequate preventive measures. While from time to time attempts have adverse consequences onbeen made to access our network, these attempts have not as yet resulted in any material release of information, degradation or disruption to our network and our customers, including degradation of service, excessive call volumeinformation systems.
Our network and information systems are also vulnerable to call centers,damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, accidents, natural disasters (including extreme weather arising from short-term or any long-term changes in weather patterns), terrorist attacks and damage to oursimilar events. Further, the impacts associated with extreme weather or our customers' equipment and data. Further, these activities could resultlong-term changes in security breaches,weather patterns, such as misappropriation, misuse, leakage, falsificationrising sea levels or accidental releaseincreased and intensified storm activity, may cause increased business interruptions or lossmay require the relocation of information maintained insome of our information technology systems and networks, and in our vendors’ systems and networks, including customer, personnel and vendor data. System failures and network disruptions may also be caused by natural disasters, accidents, power disruptions or telecommunications failures. If a significant incident were to occur, it could damage our reputation and credibility, lead to customer dissatisfaction and, ultimately, loss of customers or revenue, in addition to increased costs to service our customers and protect our network. These events also could result in large expenditures to repair or replace the damaged properties, networks or information systems or to protect them from similar events in the future. Systemfacilities. Our system redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities.
Any of these events, if directed at, or experienced by, us or technologies upon which we depend, could have adverse consequences on our network, our customers and our business, including degradation of service, service disruption, excessive call volume to call centers, and damage to our or our customers’ equipment and data. Large expenditures may be necessary to repair or replace damaged property, networks or information systems or to protect them from similar events in the future. Moreover, the amount and scope of insurance that we maintain against losses resulting from any such events or security breaches may not be sufficient to cover our losses or otherwise adequately compensate us for any disruptions to our business that may result. Any such significant service disruption could result in damage to our reputation and credibility, customer dissatisfaction and ultimately a loss of customers or revenue. Any significant loss of Internet customers or revenue, or significant increase in costs of serving those customers, could adversely affect our growth, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, our operating activities could be subject to risks caused by misappropriation, misuse, leakage, falsification or accidental release or loss of information maintained in our information technology systems and networks and those of our third-party vendors, including customer, personnel and vendor data. We provide certain confidential, proprietary and personal information to third parties in connection with our business, and there is a risk that this information may be compromised.
As a result of the increasing awareness concerning the importance of safeguarding personal information, the potential misuse of such information and legislation that has been adopted or is being considered regarding the protection, privacy and security of personal information, information-related risks are increasing, particularly for businesses like ours that process, store and transmit large amount of data, including personal information for our customers. We could be exposed to significant costs if such risks were to materialize, and such events could damage our reputation, credibility and business and have a negative impact on our revenue. We could be subject to regulatory actions and claims made by consumers in private litigations involving privacy issues related to consumer data collection and use practices. We also could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to remedy any such security breach.
The risk described above may be increased during the period in which we are integrating our people, processes and systems as a result of the Transactions.
For tax purposes, weCharter could experience a deemed ownership change in the future that could limit ourits ability to use ourits tax loss carryforwards.
As of December 31, 2013, weCharter had approximately $8.3$11.2 billion of federal tax net operating loss carryforwards resulting in a gross deferred tax asset of approximately $2.9$3.9 billion. as of December 31, 2016. These losses resulted from the operations of Charter Communications Holdings Company, LLC ("Charter Holdco") and its subsidiaries and from loss carryforwards received as a result of the TWC Transaction. Federal tax net operating loss carryforwards expire in the years 20212018 through 2033. These losses resulted from the operations of Charter Holdco and its subsidiaries.2035. In addition, as of December 31, 2013, weCharter had state tax net operating loss carryforwards resulting in a gross deferred tax asset (net of federal tax benefit) of approximately $276$304 million. as of December 31, 2016. State tax net operating loss carryforwards generally expire in the years 20142017 through 2033. Due to uncertainties in projected future taxable income, valuation allowances have been established against the gross deferred tax assets for book accounting purposes, except for future taxable income that will result from the reversal of existing temporary differences for which deferred tax liabilities are recognized. Such tax loss carryforwards can accumulate and be used to offset our future taxable income.2035.
The consummation ofIn the Plan generated anpast, Charter has experienced “ownership change”changes” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and the sale of shares of 27% of the beneficial amount of our common stock by Apollo Management, L.P. and certain related funds, Oaktree Opportunities Investments, L.P. and certain related funds and funds affiliated with Crestview Partners, L.P. to Liberty Media Corporation resulted in a second "ownership change" pursuant to Section 382.. In general, an “ownership change” occurs whenever the percentage of the stock of a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by “5-percent stockholders” (within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code) increases by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of the stock of such corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by such “5-percent stockholders” at any time over the preceding three years. As a result, we areCharter is subject to an annual limitation on the use of ourits loss carryforwards which existed at November 30, 2009 for the first "ownership change" and“ownership change,” those that existed at May 1, 2013 for the second "ownership“ownership change,” and those created at May 18, 2016 for the third “ownership change."” The limitation on ourCharter's ability to use ourits loss carryforwards, in conjunction with the loss carryforward expiration provisions, could reduce ourCharter's ability to use a portion of ourits loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income, which could result in usCharter being required to make material cash tax payments. OurCharter's ability to make such income tax payments, if any, will depend at such time on ourits liquidity or ourits ability to raise additional capital, and/or on receipt of payments or distributions from Charter Holdco and its subsidiaries.
If weCharter were to experience a thirdadditional ownership changechanges in the future (as a result of purchases and sales of stock by our "5-percentits “5-percent stockholders,"” new issuances or redemptions of our stock, certain acquisitions of ourits stock and issuances, redemptions, sales or
sales or other dispositions or acquisitions of interests in our "5-percent stockholders"its “5-percent stockholders”), ourCharter's ability to use ourits loss carryforwards could become subject to further limitations. Our
If LegacyTWC’s Separation Transactions (as defined below), including the Distribution (as defined below), do not qualify as tax-free, either as a result of actions taken or not taken by Legacy TWC or as a result of the failure of certain representations by Legacy TWC to be true, Legacy TWC has agreed to indemnify Time Warner Inc. for its taxes resulting from such disqualification, which would be significant.
As part of Legacy TWC’s separation from Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”) in March 2009 (the “Separation”), Time Warner received a private letter ruling from the IRS and Time Warner and TWC received opinions of tax counsel confirming that the transactions undertaken in connection with the Separation, including the transfer by a subsidiary of Time Warner of its 12.43% non-voting common stock isinterest in TW NY to TWC in exchange for 80 million newly issued shares of Legacy TWC’s Class A common stock, Legacy TWC’s payment of a special cash dividend to holders of Legacy TWC’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock, the conversion of each share of Legacy TWC’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock into one share of Legacy TWC common stock, and the pro-rata dividend of all shares of Legacy TWC common stock held by Time Warner to holders of record of Time Warner’s common stock (the “Distribution” and, together with all of the transactions, the “Separation Transactions”), should generally qualify as tax-free to Time Warner and its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The ruling and opinions rely on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from Time Warner and Legacy TWC regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are incorrect or not otherwise satisfied, Time Warner and its stockholders may not be able to rely on the ruling or the opinions and could be subject to certain transfer restrictions contained in our amendedsignificant tax liabilities. Notwithstanding the private letter ruling and restated certificateopinions, the IRS could determine on audit that the Separation Transactions should be treated as taxable transactions if it determines that any of incorporation. These restrictions, which are designed to minimize the likelihood of an ownership change occurring and thereby preserve our ability to utilize our loss carryforwards,these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are not currently operative but could become operativecorrect or have been violated, or for other reasons, including as a result of significant changes in the futurestock ownership of Time Warner or Legacy TWC after the Distribution.
Under the tax sharing agreement among Time Warner and Legacy TWC, Legacy TWC generally would be required to indemnify Time Warner against its taxes resulting from the failure of any of the Separation Transactions to qualify as tax-free as a result of (i) certain actions or failures to act by Legacy TWC or (ii) the failure of certain representations made by Legacy TWC to be true. In addition, even if certain events occur andLegacy TWC bears no contractual responsibility for taxes related to a failure of the restrictions are imposed by our boardSeparation Transactions to qualify for their intended tax treatment, Treasury regulation section 1.1502-6 imposes on Legacy TWC several liability for all Time Warner federal income tax obligations relating to the period during which Legacy TWC was a member of directors. However, there can be no assurance that our boardthe Time Warner federal consolidated tax group, including the date of directors would choosethe Separation Transactions. Similar provisions may apply under foreign, state or local law. Absent Legacy TWC causing the Separation Transactions to impose these restrictions or thatnot qualify as tax-free, Time Warner has indemnified Legacy TWC against such restrictions, if imposed, would prevent an ownership changeseveral liability arising from occurring.a failure of the Separation Transactions to qualify for their intended tax treatment.
If we are unable to retain key employees, our ability to manage our business could be adversely affected.
Our operational results have depended, and our future results will depend, upon the retention and continued performance of our management team. Our ability to retain and hire new key employees for management positions could be impacted adversely by the competitive environment for management talent in the broadband communications industry. The loss of the services of key members of management and the inability or delay in hiring new key employees could adversely affect our ability to manage our business and our future operational and financial results.
Our inability to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses, assets, products or technologies could harm our operating results.
We activelycontinuously evaluate and pursue small and large acquisitions and strategic investments in businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our business or otherwise offer growth or cost-saving opportunities. From time to time, we may enter into letters of intent with companies with which we are negotiating for potential acquisitions or investments, or as to which we are conducting due diligence. An investment in, or acquisition of, complementary businesses, products or technologies in the future could materially decrease the amount of our available cash or require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. We may not be successful in negotiating the terms of any potential acquisition, conducting thorough due diligence, financing the acquisition or effectively integrating the acquired business, product or technology into our existing business and operations. Our due diligence may fail to identify all of the problems, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired business, product or technology, including issues related to intellectual property, product quality or product architecture, regulatory compliance practices, revenue recognition or other accounting practices, or employee or customer issues.
Additionally, in connection with any acquisitions we complete, including the recently completed Transactions, we may not achieve the growth, synergies or other financial and operating benefits we expected to achieve, and we may incur write-downs, impairment charges or unforeseen liabilities that could negatively affect our operating results or financial position or could otherwise harm our business. Even if we are able to integrate the business operations obtained in such transactions successfully, it is not possible to predict with certainty if or when these cost synergies, growth opportunities and benefits will occur, or the extent to which they actually will be achieved. For example, the benefits from such transactions may be offset by costs incurred in integrating new business operations or in obtaining or attempting to obtain regulatory approvals, or increased operating costs that may be experienced as a result of the transactions. Realization of any benefits and cost synergies could be affected by the factors described in other risk factors and a number of factors beyond our control, as applicable, including, without limitation, general economic conditions, increased operating costs, the response of competitors and vendors and regulatory developments. Further, contemplating or completing an acquisition and integrating an acquired business, product or technology, individually or across multiple opportunities, could divert management and employee time and resources from other matters.
Risks Related to Ownership Position of Liberty MediaBroadband Corporation and Advance/Newhouse Partnership
Liberty Media Corporation owns a significant amount of Charter’s common stock, giving itBroadband and A/N have governance rights that give them influence over corporate transactions and other matters.
Liberty Broadband currently owns a significant amount of Charter Class A common stock and is entitled to certain governance rights with respect to Charter. A/N currently owns Charter Class A common stock and a significant amount of membership interests in our subsidiary Charter Holdings that are convertible into our Charter Class A common stock and is entitled to certain governance rights with respect to Charter. Members of ourthe Charter board of directors include directors who are also officers and directors of our principal stockholder.Liberty Broadband and directors who are current or former officers and directors of A/N. Dr. John Malone is the Chairman of Liberty Media Corporation,Broadband, and Mr. Greg Maffei is the president and chief executive officer of Liberty Media Corporation.Broadband. Steven Miron is the Chief Executive Officer of A/N and Michael Newhouse is an officer or director of several of A/N’s affiliates. As of December 31, 2013,2016, Liberty Media CorporationBroadband beneficially held approximately 26%approximately 19% of ourCharter’s Class A common stock.stock (including shares owned by Liberty Media CorporationInteractive over which Liberty Broadband holds an irrevocable voting proxy) and A/N beneficially held approximately approximately 13% of Charter’s Class A common stock, in each case assuming the conversion of the membership interests held by A/N. Pursuant to the stockholders agreement between Liberty Broadband, A/N and Charter, Liberty Broadband currently has the right to designate up to fourthree directors as nominees for ourCharter’s board of directors through our 2015 annual meetingand A/N currently has the right to designate up to two directors as nominees for Charter’s board of stockholdersdirectors with one designated director to be appointed to each of the Audit Committee,audit committee, the Nominatingnominating and Corporate Governance Committeecorporate governance committee, the compensation and benefits committee and the CompensationFinance Committee, in each case provided that each maintains certain specified voting or equity ownership thresholds and Benefits Committee.each nominee meets certain applicable requirements or qualifications.
In connection with the TWC Transaction, Liberty Media CorporationBroadband and Liberty Interactive entered into a proxy and right of first refusal agreement, pursuant to which Liberty Interactive granted Liberty Broadband an irrevocable proxy to vote all Charter Class A common stock owned beneficially or of record by Liberty Interactive, with certain exceptions. In addition, at the closing of the Bright House Transaction, A/N and Liberty Broadband entered into a proxy agreement pursuant to which A/N granted to Liberty Broadband a 5-year irrevocable proxy (which we refer to as the “A/N proxy”) to vote, subject to certain exceptions, that number of shares of New Charter Class A common stock and New Charter Class B common stock, in each case held by A/N (such shares are referred to as the “proxy shares”), that will result in Liberty Broadband having voting power in Charter equal to 25.01% of the outstanding voting power of Charter, provided, that the voting power of the proxy shares is capped at 7.0% of the outstanding voting power of Charter. Therefore, giving effect to the Liberty Interactive proxy and the A/N proxy and the voting cap contained in the stockholders agreement, Liberty Broadband has 25.01% of the outstanding voting power in Charter. The stockholders agreement and Charter’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation fixes the size of the board at 13 directors. Liberty Broadband and A/N are required to vote (subject to the applicable voting cap) their respective shares of Charter Class A common stock and Charter Class B common stock for the director nominees nominated by the nominating and corporate governance committee of the board of directors, including the respective designees of Liberty Broadband and A/N, and against any other nominees, except that, with respect to the unaffiliated directors, Liberty Broadband and A/N must instead vote in the same proportion as the voting securities are voted by stockholders other than A/N and Liberty Broadband or any group which includes any of them are voted, if doing so would cause a different outcome with respect to the unaffiliated directors. As a result of their rights under the stockholders agreement and their significant equity and voting stakes in Charter, Liberty Broadband and/or A/N, who may have interests different from those of other stockholders, will be able to exercise substantial influence over allcertain matters requiring stockholder approval,relating to the governance of Charter, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate action,actions, such as mergers and other business combination transactions should Liberty Media Corporation retain a significant ownership interest in us. Liberty Media Corporation and its affiliates are not restricted from investing in, and have invested in, and engaged in, other businesses involving or related to the operation of cable television systems, video programming, Internet service, voice or business and financial transactions conducted through broadband interactivity and Internet services. Liberty Media Corporation and its affiliates may also engage in other businesses that compete or may in the future compete with us.transactions.
Liberty Media Corporation's substantial influence over our management and affairs could create conflicts of interest if Liberty Media Corporation faced decisions that could have different implications for it and us.
The stockholders agreement provides A/N and Liberty Broadband with preemptive rights with respect to issuances of Charter equity in connection with certain transactions, and in the event that A/N or Liberty Broadband exercises these rights, holders of Charter Class A common stock may experience further dilution.
The stockholders agreement provides that A/N and Liberty Broadband will have certain contractual preemptive rights over issuances of Charter equity securities in connection with capital raising transactions, merger and acquisition transactions, and in certain other circumstances. Holders of Charter Class A common stock will not be entitled to similar preemptive rights with respect to such transactions. As a result, if Liberty Broadband and/or A/N elect to exercise their preemptive rights, (i) these parties would not experience the dilution experienced by the other holders of Charter Class A common stock, and (ii) such other holders of Charter Class A common stock may experience further dilution of their interest in Charter upon such exercise.
Risks Related to Regulatory and Legislative Matters
Our business is subject to extensive governmental legislation and regulation, which could adversely affect our business.
Regulation of the cable industry has increased cable operators'operators’ operational and administrative expenses and limited their revenues. Cable operators are subject to various laws and regulations including those covering the following:
the provisioning and marketing of cable equipment and compatibility with new digital technologies;
subscribercustomer and employee privacy and data security;
limited rate regulation of video service;
copyright royalties for retransmitting broadcast signals;
when a cable system must carry a particular broadcast station and when it must first obtain retransmission consent to carry a broadcast station;
the provision of channel capacity to unaffiliated commercial leased access programmers;
limitations on our ability to enter into exclusive agreements with multiple dwelling unit complexes and control our inside wiring;
the provision of high-speed Internet service, including net neutrality or open Internet rules;
the provision of voice communications;
cable franchise renewals and transfers;
equal employment opportunity, emergency alert systems, disability access, technical standards, marketing practices, customer service, and consumer protection; and
approval for mergers and acquisitions often accompanied by the imposition of restrictions and requirements on an applicant'sapplicant’s business in order to secure approval of the proposed transaction.
Additionally, many aspectsLegislators and regulators at all levels of government frequently consider changing, and sometimes do change, existing statutes, rules, regulations, or interpretations thereof, or prescribe new ones. Any future legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative actions may increase our costs or impose additional restrictions on our businesses. For example, with respect to our retail broadband Internet access service, the FCC has (1) reclassified the service as a Title II service, (2) applied certain existing Title II provisions and associated regulations to it, (3) forborne from applying a range of other existing Title II provisions and associated regulations, but to varying degrees indicated that this forbearance may be only temporary, and (4) issued new rules expanding disclosure requirements and prohibiting blocking, throttling, paid prioritization, and unreasonable interference with the ability of end users and edge providers to reach each other. The order also subjected broadband providers’ Internet traffic exchange rates and practices to potential FCC oversight for the first time and created a mechanism for third parties to file complaints regarding these lawsmatters. These FCC actions were upheld on appeal in June 2016, although additional appeals remain pending.
As a result of the reclassification of broadband Internet access service as a Title II communications service, the FCC adopted new privacy and data security rules for common carriers, interconnected VoIP providers, and broadband service providers on October 27, 2016. The new rules replace the prior rules and extend broader privacy protections to broadband customers, as well as voice service customers. The new rules place heightened restrictions on the use of customer information that Internet service providers obtain from the provision of broadband Internet access service (including increased notice, consumer choice, and security), and are more restrictive than other existing privacy and security frameworks. The new rules are subject to additional regulatory approval and legal challenges.
Changes to existing statutes, rules, regulations, are currently the subjector interpretations thereof, or adoption of judicial proceedings and administrative or legislative proposals. new ones, could have an adverse effect on our business.
There are also ongoing efforts to amend or expand the federal, state, and local regulation of some of the services offered over our cable systems, which may compound the regulatory risks we already face, and proposals that might make it easier forface. For example, the FCC recently issued a proposal to impose
new regulations on our employeespoint to unionize. Congress and various federal agencies are now considering adoption of significant new privacy restrictions, including new restrictions on the use of personal and profiling information for behavioral advertising. In response to recent global data breaches, malicious activity and cyber threats,point transport service as well as other commercial data services (“business data services”). As a result, the general increasing concerns regardingFCC may price regulate business data services as common carriage services and impose additional restrictions on contracting terms. The FCC also has considered adopting new navigation device rules, pursuant to Section 629 of the protectionCommunications Act, which directs the FCC to assure the availability of consumers’ personal information, navigation devices (such as set-top boxes) from third party providers. In 2016, the FCC proposed burdensome new rules that would have required us to make disaggregated “information flows” available to set-top boxes and apps supplied by third parties. That proposal has not been adopted, but various parties may continue to advocate alternative regulatory approaches to reduce consumer dependency on traditional operator provided set-top boxes. The FCC also is considering the appropriate regulatory framework for VoIP service, including whether that service should be regulated under Title II.
Congress is considering legislation that could increase costs on the company, including (1) the adoption of new data security and cybersecurity legislation that could result in additional network and information security requirements for our business. In the eventbusiness, (2) a change in corporate tax laws that could eliminate some of a data breach or cyber attack,our current deductions, and (3) broadband subsidies to rural areas that could result in subsidized overbuilding of our more rural facilities.
If any of these newpending laws as well as existing legal and regulatory obligations,regulations are enacted, they could affect our operations and require significant expendituresexpenditures. We cannot predict future developments in these areas, and we are already subject to remedyCharter-specific conditions regarding certain Internet practices as a result of the FCC’s approval of the Transactions, but any changes to the regulatory framework for our Internet or VoIP services could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
It remains uncertain what rule changes, if any, will ultimately be adopted by Congress and the FCC and what operating or financial impact any such breach or attack.rules might have on us, including on our programming agreements, customer privacy and the user experience. In addition, the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau has been actively investigating certain industry practices of various companies and imposing forfeitures for alleged regulatory violations.
Our cable system franchises are subject to non-renewal or termination. The failure to renew a franchise in one or more key markets could adversely affect our business.
Our cable systems generally operate pursuant to franchises, permits, and similar authorizations issued by a state or local governmental authority controlling the public rights-of-way. Many franchises establish comprehensive facilities and service requirements, as well as specific customer service standards and monetary penalties for non-compliance. In many cases, franchises are terminable if the franchisee fails to comply with significant provisions set forth in the franchise agreement governing system operations. Franchises are generally granted for fixed terms and must be periodically renewed. Franchising authorities may resist granting a renewal if either past performance or the prospective operating proposal is considered inadequate. Franchise authorities often demand concessions or other commitments as a condition to renewal. In some instances, local franchises have not been renewed at expiration, and we have operated and are operating under either temporary operating agreements or without a franchise while negotiating renewal terms with the local franchising authorities.
The traditional cable franchising regime has recently undergone significant change as a result of various federal and state actions. Some state franchising laws do not allow us to immediately opt into favorable statewide franchising. In many cases, state franchising laws will result in fewer franchise imposed requirements for our competitors who are new entrants than for us, until we are able to opt into the applicable state franchise.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with all significant provisions of our franchise agreements and certain of our franchisers have from time to time alleged that we have not complied with these agreements. Additionally, although historically we have renewed our franchises without incurring significant costs, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew, or to renew as favorably, our franchises in the future. A termination of or a sustained failure to renew a franchise in one or more key markets could adversely affect our business in the affected geographic area.
Our cable system franchises are non-exclusive. Accordingly, local and state franchising authorities can grant additional franchises and create additional competition in market areas where none existed previously,for our products, resulting in overbuilds, which could adversely affect results of operations.
Our cable system franchises are non-exclusive. Consequently, local and state franchising authorities can grant additional franchises to competitors in the same geographic area or operate their own cable systems. In some cases, local government entities and municipal utilities may legally compete with us without obtaining a franchise fromon more favorable terms. Potential competitors (like Google) have recently pursued and obtained local franchises that are more favorable than the local franchising authority. As a result, competing operators may build systems in areas in which we hold franchises.incumbent operator’s franchise.
The FCC has adopted rules that streamline entry for new competitors (particularly those affiliated with telephone companies) and reduce franchising burdens for these new entrants. At the same time, a substantial number of states have adopted new franchising laws, principally designed to streamline entry for new competitors, and often provide advantages for these new entrants that are not immediately available to existing operators.
Broadband delivery of video content is not necessarily subject to the same franchising obligations applicable to our traditional cable systems. The FCC administers a program that collects Universal Service Fund contributions from telecommunications service providers and uses them to subsidize the provision of telecommunications services in high-cost areas and to low-income consumers and the provision of Internet and telecommunications services to schools, libraries and certain health care providers. A variety of regulatory changes may lead the FCC to expand the collection of Universal Service Fund contributions to encompass Internet service providers. The FCC already has begun to redirect the expenditure of some Universal Service Fund subsidies to broadband deployment in ways that could assist competitors.
Local franchise authorities have the ability to impose additional regulatory constraints on our business, which could further increase our expenses.
In addition to the franchise agreement, cable authorities in some jurisdictions have adopted cable regulatory ordinances that further regulate the operation of cable systems. This additional regulation increases the cost of operating our business. Local franchising authorities may impose new and more restrictive requirements. Local franchising authorities who are certified to regulate rates in the communities where they operate generally have the power to reduce rates and order refunds on the rates charged for basic service and equipment.
Tax legislation and administrative initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We operate cable systems in locations throughout the United States and, as a result, we are subject to the tax laws and regulations of federal, state and local governments. From time to time, various legislative and/or administrative initiatives may be proposed that could adversely affect our tax positions. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate or tax payments will not be adversely affected by these initiatives. As a result of state and local budget shortfalls due primarily to the recession as well as other considerations, certainCertain states and localities have imposed or are considering imposing new or additional taxes or fees on our services or changing the methodologies or base on which certain fees and taxes are computed. Such potentialPotential changes include additional taxes or fees on our services which could impact our customers, combined reporting and other changes to general business taxes, central/unit-level assessment of property taxes and other matters that could increase our income, franchise, sales, use and/or property tax liabilities. In addition, federal, state and local tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. There can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge.
Further regulation of the cable industry could impair our ability to raise rates to cover our increasing costs, resulting in increased losses.
Currently, rate regulation of cable systems is strictly limited to the basic service tier and associated equipment and installation activities.activities, and the FCC recently revised its rules, in response to changed market conditions, to make it more difficult for local franchising authorities to assert rate regulation authority. However, the FCC and Congress continue to be concerned that cable rate increases are exceeding inflation. It is possible that either the FCC or Congress will further restrict the ability of cable system operators to implement rate increases for our video services or even for our high-speed Internet and voice services. Should this occur, it would impede our ability to raise our rates. If we are unable to raise our rates in response to increasing costs, our lossesfinancial results would increase.be adversely impacted.
There has been legislative and regulatory interest in requiring companies that own multiple cable networks to make each of them available on a standalone, rather than a bundled basis to cable operators, and in requiring cable operators to offer historically combinedbundled programming services on an á la carte basis.basis to consumers. While any new regulation or legislation designed to enable cable operators to purchase programming on a wholesalestandalone basis could be beneficial to Charter,us, any such new regulation or legislation that limits how we sell programming could adversely affect our business.
Actions by pole owners might subject us to significantly increased pole attachment costs.
Pole attachments are cable wires that are attached to utility poles. Cable system attachments to investor-owned public utility poles historically have been regulated at the federal or state level, generally resulting in favorable pole attachment rates for attachments used to provide cable service. In contrast, utility poles owned by municipalities or cooperatives are not subject to federal regulation and are generally exempt from state regulation. In 2011, the FCC amended its pole attachment rules to promote broadband deployment. The order overall strengthens the cable industry's ability to access investor-owned utility poles on reasonable rates,
terms and conditions It also allows for new penalties in certain cases involving unauthorized attachments that could result in additional costs for cable operators. Electric utilities sought review of the 2011 Order at both the FCC and the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, but the FCC and the court subsequently affirmed the new rules. Future regulatory changes in this area could impact the pole attachment rates we pay utility companies.
Increasing regulation of our Internet service product could adversely affect our ability to provide new products and services.
On January 14, 2014, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, in Verizon v. FCC, struck down majorportions of the FCC’s 2010 “net neutrality” rules governing the operating practices of broadband Internet access providers like us. The FCC originally designed the rules to ensure an “open Internet” and included three key requirements for broadband providers: 1) a prohibition against blocking websites or other online applications; 2) a prohibition against unreasonable discrimination among Internet users or among different websites or other sources of information; and 3) a transparency requirement compelling the disclosure of network management policies. The Court struck down the first two requirements, concluding that they constitute “common carrier” restrictions that are not permissible given the FCC’s earlier decision to classify Internet access as an “information service,” rather than a “telecommunications service.” The Court upheld the FCC’s transparency requirement.
The decision affirmatively recognizes the FCC’s jurisdiction over the Internet, based on Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. As a result, the FCC could, in the future, resurrect the invalidated network neutrality regulations or modify the invalidated regulations so that they restrict broadband practices, but not as rigidly as the regulations the Court just invalidated. Alternatively, the FCC (or another party) could challenge the recent court ruling by seeking rehearing en banc or Supreme Court review. Legislation in this area is also possible. The reimposition of network neutrality restrictions could adversely affect the potential development of advantageous relationships with Internet content providers. Rules or statutes increasing the regulation of our Internet services could limit our ability to efficiently manage our cable systems and respond to operational and competitive challenges.
Changes in channel carriage regulations could impose significant additional costs on us.
Cable operators also face significant regulation of their video channel carriage. We can be required to devote substantial capacity to the carriage of programming that we might not carry voluntarily, including certain local broadcast signals; local public, educational and governmentgovernmental access (“PEG”) programming; and unaffiliated, commercial leased access programming (required channel capacity for use by persons unaffiliated with the cable operator who desire to distribute programming over a cable system). The FCC adopted revised commercial leased access rules (currently stayed while under appeal) which would dramatically reduce the rate we can charge for leasing this capacity and dramatically increase our administrative burdens.burdens, but these remain stayed while under appeal. Legislation has been introduced in Congress in the past that, if adopted, could impact our carriage of broadcast signals by simultaneously eliminating the cable industry’s compulsory copyright license and the retransmission consent requirements governing cable’s retransmission of broadcast signals.license. The FCC also continues to consider changes to the rules affecting the relationship between programmers (including broadcasters) and multichannel video distributors. distributors, including potential loosening of media ownership rules.
Future regulatory changes could disrupt existing programming commitments, interfere with our preferred use of limited channel capacity, increase our programming costs, and limit our ability to offer services that would maximize our revenue potential. It is possible that other legal restraints will be adopted limiting our discretion over programming decisions.
OfferingOur voice communications service mayis subject us to additional regulatory burdens which may increase, causing us to incur additional costs.
We offer voice communications services over our broadband network and continue to develop and deployusing VoIP services. The FCC has ruled that competitive telephone companies that support VoIP services, such as those we offer our customers, are entitled to interconnect with incumbent providers of traditional telecommunications services, which ensures that our VoIP services can compete in the market. The scope of these interconnection rights are being reviewed in a current FCC proceeding, which may affect our ability to compete in the provision of voice services or result in additional costs. The FCC has also declared that certain VoIP services are not subject to traditional state public utility regulation. The full extent of the FCC preemption of state and local regulation of VoIP services is not yet clear. Expanding our offering of these services may require usclear, and at least one state (Minnesota) has asserted jurisdiction over the company’s VoIP services. We have filed a legal challenge to obtain certain additional authorizations. We may not be able to obtain such authorizationsthat jurisdictional assertion, which is now pending before a federal district court in a timely manner, or conditions could be imposed upon such licenses or authorizations that may not be favorable to us.Minnesota. Telecommunications companies generally are subject to other significant regulation which could also be extended to VoIP providers. The FCC has already extended certain traditional telecommunications carrier requirements to many VoIP providers such as us. If additional telecommunications regulations are applied to our VoIP service, it could cause us to incur additional costs. The FCC has already extended certain traditional telecommunications carrier requirements, such as E911, Universal Service fund collection, CALEA, privacy, Customer Proprietary Network Information, number porting, disability and discontinuance of service requirements to many VoIP providers such as us. In November 2011, the FCC released an order significantly changing the rules governing intercarrier compensation payments for the origination and termination of telephone traffic between carriers, including VoIP service providers like us. Several entities have challenged this FCC ruling in federal court, and that case is now pending before the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals. The new rules, as they now
stand, will result in a substantial decrease in intercarrier compensation payments over a multi-year period. We received intercarrier compensation of approximately $21 million, $19 million and $23 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Further, the FCC’s recent initiative to collect data concerning certain point to point transport (“special access”) services we provide could result in additional regulatory burdens and additional costs.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Our principal physical assets consist of cable distribution plant and equipment, including signal receiving, encoding and decoding devices, headend reception facilities, distribution systems, and customer premise equipment for each of our cable systems.
Our cable plant and related equipment are generally attached to utility poles under pole rental agreements with local public utilities and telephone companies, and in certain locations are buried in underground ducts or trenches. We own or lease real property for signal reception sites, and own our service vehicles.
Our subsidiaries generally lease space for business offices. Our headend and tower locations are located on owned or leased parcels of land, and we generally own the towers on which our equipment is located. Charter Holdco owns the land and building for our St. Louis corporate office. We lease space for our offices in Denver, Colorado and for our corporate headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut.
The physical components of our cable systems require maintenance as well as periodic upgrades to support the new services and products we introduce. See “Item 1. Business – Our Network Technology.” We believe that our properties are generally in good operating condition and are suitable for our business operations.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Patent LitigationThe legal proceedings information set forth in Note 20 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Ronald A. Katz Technology Licensing, L.P. v. Charter Communications, Inc. et. al. In 2006, Ronald A. Katz Technology Licensing, L.P. filed a lawsuit against Charter and other parties in the U. S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that Charter and the other defendants infringed its interactive call processing patents. In 2007, the lawsuit was combined with other cases filed by Katz in a multi-district litigation proceeding in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California for coordinated and consolidated pretrial proceedings. In 2010, the court denied Katz's motion for summary judgment, struck two affirmative defenses that Charter had raised, invalidated one of the nine remaining claims Katz had asserted and entered a ruling restricting Katz's damages claims by limiting the time period from which Katz may seek damages. A consolidated appeal involving other co-defendants was held, with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit confirming invalidity of certain claims and remanding certain rulings back to the district court for further consideration. Based on the Federal Circuit's opinion, the district court ordered additional summary judgment briefing and some limited pretrial briefing. In 2012, the court granted Charter's second motion for summary judgment and invalidated one of the claims asserted against Charter, leaving eight claims. In related litigation against others, the court invalidated four of these patent claims which will result in four claims being asserted against Charter when this ruling is applied in our case. Charter initiated ex parte examinations with the U.S. Patent Office challenging the validity of all eight patent claims asserted against Charter. The Patent Office granted all of these examinations finding a substantial new question as to whether the claims are valid over prior art not previously considered by the Patent Office. When all pretrial proceedings are completed, any matters remaining for trial will be transferred back to the District Court in Delaware. No trial date has been set. Charter has recently discussed settlement with Katz and believes the case will settle for an insignificant amount. If a settlement is not ultimately concluded, Charter will continue to vigorously contest this matter although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this lawsuit nor can we reasonably estimate a range of possible loss.
We are also defendants, co-defendants or plaintiffs seeking declaratory judgments in several other unrelated lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various patents relating to various aspects of our businesses. Other industry participants are also defendants or plaintiffs seeking declaratory judgment in certain of these cases.
In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe on any intellectual property rights, we may be subject to substantial damages and/or an injunction that could require us or our vendors to modify certain products and services we offer to our subscribers, as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the patents at issue. While we believe the lawsuits are without
merit and intend to defend the actions vigorously, no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
Other Proceedings
The Montana Department of Revenue ("Montana DOR") generally assesses property taxes on cable companies at 3% and on telephone companies at 6%. Historically, Bresnan's cable and telephone operations have been taxed separately by the Montana DOR. In 2010, the Montana DOR assessed Bresnan as a single telephone business and retroactively assessed it as such for 2007 through 2009. Bresnan filed a declaratory judgment action against the Montana DOR in Montana State Court challenging its property tax classifications for 2007 through 2010. Under Montana law, a taxpayer must first pay a current assessment of disputed property tax in order to challenge such assessment. In accordance with that law, Bresnan paid the disputed 2010, 2011 and 2012 property tax assessments of approximately $5 million, $11 million and $9 million, respectively, under protest. No payments for additional tax for 2007 through 2009, which could be up to approximately $16 million, including interest, were made at that time. On September 26, 2011, the Montana State Court granted Bresnan's summary judgment motion seeking to vacate the Montana DOR's retroactive tax assessments for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. The Montana DOR's assessment for 2010 was the subject of a trial, which took place the week of October 24, 2011. On July 6, 2012, the Montana State Court entered judgment in favor of Bresnan, ruling that the Montana's DOR 2010 assessment was invalid and contrary to law, vacating the 2010 assessment, and directing that the Montana DOR refund the amounts paid by Bresnan under protest, plus interest and certain costs. The Montana DOR filed a notice of appeal to the Montana Supreme Court on September 20, 2012. The appeal was fully briefed, and was argued to the Montana Supreme Court in September 2013. On December 2, 2013, the Montana Supreme Court reversed the trial court’s decision and remanded the matter to the trial court. We filed a petition for rehearing which was denied on January 7, 2014. At this point, there have been no further proceedings before the trial court, although we have filed pleadings to renew challenges to the Montana DOR’s assessments that had been mooted by the Montana State Court’s prior ruling. With respect to the Montana Supreme Court ruling, our primary remaining course of action is an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. A decision has not been made as to whether this appeal will be pursued. Pending entry of a final judgment, the Montana DOR continues to hold our protest payments aggregating approximately $25 million in escrow and continues to assess our operations as a single telephone business. We will make additional protest payments until a final judgment is entered, including payments for 2007, 2008 and 2009.
We have had communications with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“the EPA”) in connection with a self reporting audit. Pursuant to the audit, we discovered certain compliance issues concerning our reports to the EPA for backup batteries used at our facilities. On January 24, 2014, Charter and the Office of Civil Enforcement for the EPA entered a Consent Agreement to settle this matter. As part of the Consent Agreement, Charter has agreed to pay a penalty of an immaterial amount to the EPA and the Office of Civil Enforcement has certified that the issues have been corrected and has recommended that the Environmental Appeals Board ratify this settlement. We do not view this matter as material.
Also, on January 15, 2014, the California Department of Justice, in conjunction with the Alameda County, California District Attorney’s Office, initiated an investigation into whether Charter’s waste disposal policies, practices, and procedures violate the provisions of the California Health and Safety Code, the California Hazardous Waste Control Law, and any of their related regulations. Charter intends to cooperate with the investigation. Although this investigation has only just commenced, at this time Charter does not expect that its outcome will have a material effect on our operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
We also are party to other lawsuits and claims that arise in the ordinary course of conducting our business, including lawsuits claiming violation of anti-trust laws and violation of wage and hour laws. The ultimate outcome of these other legal matters pending against us or our subsidiaries cannot be predicted, and although such lawsuits and claims are not expected individually to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, such lawsuits could have in the aggregate a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. Whether or not we ultimately prevail in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure our reputation.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Charter’s Class A common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CHTR.”
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low last reported sale price per share of Charter’s Class A common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
Class A Common Stock
| | | | | High | | Low | | High | | Low |
| 2012 | | | | | |
| 2015 | | | | | |
| First quarter | | $ | 64.91 |
| | $ | 56.15 |
| | $ | 193.46 |
| | $ | 150.60 |
|
| Second quarter | | $ | 70.87 |
| | $ | 59.41 |
| | $ | 193.19 |
| | $ | 167.84 |
|
| Third quarter | | $ | 82.54 |
| | $ | 71.59 |
| | $ | 194.50 |
| | $ | 167.36 |
|
| Fourth quarter | | $ | 78.54 |
| | $ | 67.50 |
| | $ | 193.33 |
| | $ | 174.81 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| 2013 | | | | | |
| 2016 | | | | | |
| First quarter | | $ | 106.29 |
| | $ | 76.19 |
| | $ | 204.10 |
| | $ | 159.53 |
|
| Second quarter | | $ | 128.57 |
| | $ | 99.41 |
| | $ | 233.11 |
| | $ | 197.91 |
|
| Third quarter | | $ | 137.29 |
| | $ | 119.06 |
| | $ | 277.56 |
| | $ | 231.77 |
|
| Fourth quarter | | $ | 144.02 |
| | $ | 125.68 |
| | $ | 292.19 |
| | $ | 244.10 |
|
As of December 31, 20132016, there were approximately 3915,035 holders of record of Charter’s Class A common stock and one holder of Charter's Class B common stock.
Charter has not paid stock or cash dividends on any of its common stock.
Charter would be dependent on distributions from its subsidiaries if Charter were to make any dividends. Covenants in the indentures and Charter Operating credit agreementsfacilities governing the debt obligations of our subsidiaries restrict their ability to make distributions to us, and accordingly, limit our ability to declare or pay cash dividends. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of Charter’s board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future operations and earnings, capital requirements, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and such other factors as Charter’s board of directors may deem relevant.
(D) Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following information is provided as of December 31, 20132016 with respect to equity compensation plans:
| | | Plan Category | | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Warrants and Rights | | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans | | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights | | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Warrants and Rights | | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | | 3,429,591 |
| (1) | | $ | 61.08 |
| | 7,378,794 |
| (1) | | 12,905,216 |
| (1) | | $ | 184.22 |
| | 3,155,002 |
| (1) |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| TOTAL | | 3,429,591 |
| (1) | | | | 7,378,794 |
| (1) | | 12,905,216 |
| (1) | | | | 3,155,002 |
| (1) |
| |
| (1) | This total does not include 652,9889,811 shares issued pursuant to restricted stock grants made under our 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, which are subject to vesting based on continued employment and market conditions. |
For information regarding securities issued under our equity compensation plans, see Note 1516 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(E) Performance Graph
The graph below shows the cumulative total return on Charter’s Class A common stock for the period from December 2, 200931, 2011 through December 31, 20132016, in comparison to the cumulative total return on Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and a peer group consisting of the national cable operators that are most comparable to us in terms of size and nature of operations. The Company’s peer group consists of Cablevision Systems Corporation ("Cablevision"(“Cablevision”), Comcast, and TWC.Legacy TWC (through May 18, 2016). The results shown assume that $100 was invested on December 2, 2009 in Charter and peer group stock or on November 30, 2009 for the S&P 500 index31, 2011 and that all dividends were reinvested. These indices are included for comparative purposes only and do not reflect whether it is management’s opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of the stock involved, nor are they intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance of Charter’s Class A common stock.
(F) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During 20132016, there were no unregistered sales of securities of the registrant other than those previously reported on a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K.
(G) Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
The following table presents Charter'sCharter’s purchases of equity securities completed during the fourth quarter of 20132016 representing shares withheld from employees for the payment of taxes upon the vesting of equity awards.(dollars in millions, except per share data).
|
| | | | | | | |
Period |
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |
(b) Average Price Paid per Share | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | (d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
| October 1 - 31, 2013 | 11,451 | $ | 136.68 |
| — |
| N/A |
| November 1 - 30, 2013 | 11,878 | $ | 132.31 |
| — |
| N/A |
| December 1 - 31, 2013 | 13,584 | $ | 133.43 |
| — |
| N/A |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) |
| October 1 - 31, 2016 | 1,845,823 | $ | 262.58 |
| 1,784,834 |
| $750 |
| November 1 - 30, 2016 | 1,493,418 | $ | 262.14 |
| 1,442,144 |
| $370 |
| December 1 - 31, 2016 | 865,145 | $ | 280.59 |
| 793,645 |
| $1,654 |
| |
(1) | Includes 60,989, 51,274 and 71,500 shares withheld from employees for the payment of taxes and exercise costs upon the exercise of stock options or vesting of other equity awards for the months of October, November and December 2016, respectively. |
| |
(2) | In 2016, Charter purchased approximately 5.1 million shares of its Class A common stock for approximately $1.3 billion pursuant to authorizations by Charter’s board of directors of $3 billion ($750 million authorized on July 26, 2016, $750 million on October 25, 2016 and $1.5 billion on December 2, 2016). Accordingly, as of December 31, 2016 and provided Charter’s leverage ratio remains at 4 to 4.5 times and Charter Operating’s leverage remains below 3.5 times, management has authority to cause Charter to purchase an additional $1.7 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock without taking into account shares or units that may be purchased from A/N. Effective November 1, 2016, Charter's board of directors granted authority for a new $750 million of Class A common stock buybacks under the rolling six-month authority without taking into account any Class A common stock purchased prior to November 1. As a result, a portion of the $1.7 billion of authority is under the authority of management to approve up to $750 million for Class A common stock buybacks in any six-month period. In December 2016, Charter and A/N entered into a letter agreement ("Letter Agreement") that requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. A/N and Charter both have the right to terminate or suspend the pro rata repurchase arrangement on a prospective basis once Charter or Charter Holdings have repurchased shares of Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units from A/N and its affiliates for an aggregate purchase price of $537 million. In December 2016, pursuant to this Letter Agreement, Charter purchased Charter Holdings common units from A/N at a price of $289.83 per unit, or $218 million. Charter has established a Rule 10b5-1 plan in connection with its share repurchase activity and cannot predict when or if it will repurchase more shares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to the current plan as such plan includes a price grid including a limit where Charter would not buy shares under the Rule 10b5-1 plan currently in place. Charter may also buy shares of Charter Class A common stock, from time to time, pursuant to private transactions outside of its Rule 10b5-1 plan and any such repurchases would also trigger the repurchases from A/N pursuant to and to the extent provided in the Letter Agreement. |
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated (dollars in millions, except per share data):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | Predecessor |
| | Years Ended December 31, | | One Month Ended December 31, | | | Eleven Months Ended November 30, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | | 2009 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Revenues | $ | 8,155 |
| | $ | 7,504 |
| | $ | 7,204 |
| | $ | 7,059 |
| | $ | 572 |
| | | $ | 6,183 |
|
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | 925 |
| | $ | 916 |
| | $ | 1,041 |
| | $ | 1,024 |
| | $ | 84 |
| | | $ | (1,063 | ) |
| Interest expense, net | $ | (846 | ) | | $ | (907 | ) | | $ | (963 | ) | | $ | (877 | ) | | $ | (68 | ) | | | $ | (1,020 | ) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (49 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) | | $ | (70 | ) | | $ | 58 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | | $ | 9,748 |
|
| Net income (loss) – Charter shareholders | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | | $ | (237 | ) | | $ | 2 |
| | | $ | 11,364 |
|
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (1.65 | ) | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | $ | (3.39 | ) | | $ | (2.09 | ) | | $ | 0.02 |
| | | $ | 30.00 |
|
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (1.65 | ) | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | $ | (3.39 | ) | | $ | (2.09 | ) | | $ | 0.02 |
| | | $ | 12.61 |
|
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic | 101,934,630 |
| | 99,657,989 |
| | 108,948,554 |
| | 113,138,461 |
| | 112,078,089 |
| | | 378,784,231 |
|
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted | 101,934,630 |
| | 99,657,989 |
| | 108,948,554 |
| | 113,138,461 |
| | 114,346,861 |
| | | 902,067,116 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance Sheet Data (end of period): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment in cable properties | $ | 16,556 |
| | $ | 14,870 |
| | $ | 14,843 |
| | $ | 15,027 |
| | $ | 15,391 |
| | | |
| Total assets | $ | 17,295 |
| | $ | 15,596 |
| | $ | 15,601 |
| | $ | 15,737 |
| | $ | 16,658 |
| | | |
| Total debt | $ | 14,181 |
| | $ | 12,808 |
| | $ | 12,856 |
| | $ | 12,306 |
| | $ | 13,322 |
| | | |
| Charter shareholders’ equity | $ | 151 |
| | $ | 149 |
| | $ | 409 |
| | $ | 1,478 |
| | $ | 1,916 |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Financial Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (a) | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | 1.07 |
| | 1.14 |
| | | 8.41 |
|
| Deficiency of earnings to cover fixed charges (a) | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 47 |
| | $ | 70 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | | N/A |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
| Statement of Operations Data: | | | | | | | | | |
| Revenues | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
| | $ | 8,155 |
| | $ | 7,504 |
|
| Income from operations | $ | 3,355 |
| | $ | 1,114 |
| | $ | 971 |
| | $ | 909 |
| | $ | 915 |
|
| Interest expense, net | $ | 2,499 |
| | $ | 1,306 |
| | $ | 911 |
| | $ | 846 |
| | $ | 907 |
|
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 820 |
| | $ | (331 | ) | | $ | 53 |
| | $ | (49 | ) | | $ | (47 | ) |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) |
| Income (loss) per common share, basic | $ | 17.05 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) | | $ | (1.83 | ) | | $ | (3.38 | ) |
| Income (loss) per common share, diluted | $ | 15.94 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) | | $ | (1.83 | ) | | $ | (3.38 | ) |
| Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (a) | 206,539,100 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
| | 92,169,292 |
| | 90,110,754 |
|
| Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (a) | 234,791,439 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
| | 92,169,292 |
| | 90,110,754 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance Sheet Data (end of period): | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment in cable properties | $ | 144,396 |
| | $ | 16,375 |
| | $ | 16,652 |
| | $ | 16,556 |
| | $ | 14,870 |
|
| Total assets (b) | $ | 149,067 |
| | $ | 39,316 |
| | $ | 24,388 |
| | $ | 17,129 |
| | $ | 15,440 |
|
| Total debt (b) | $ | 61,747 |
| | $ | 35,723 |
| | $ | 20,887 |
| | $ | 14,031 |
| | $ | 12,670 |
|
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | 50,366 |
| | $ | (46 | ) | | $ | 146 |
| | $ | 151 |
| | $ | 149 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Other Financial Data: | | | | | | | | | |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (c) | 1.33 |
| | N/A |
| | 1.06 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
| Deficiency of earnings to cover fixed charges (c) | N/A |
| | $ | 331 |
| | N/A |
| | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 47 |
|
| |
| (a) | Weighted average number of shares outstanding for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the application of the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio. See Note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” |
| |
| (b) | Years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been restated to reflect the adoption of certain new accounting standards in 2015, including Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, and ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. |
| |
| (c) | Earnings include income (loss) before non-controlling interest and income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense and an estimated interest component of rent expense. |
Comparability of the above information from year to year is affected by acquisitions and dispositions completed by us, including the acquisition of Bresnan in July 2013.Transactions. See “Part II.I. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview.” In addition, upon our emergence from bankruptcy, we adopted fresh start accounting. This resulted in us becoming1. Business” for a new entity on December 1, 2009, with a new capital structure, a new accounting basis indiscussion regarding the identifiable assets and liabilities assumed and no retained earnings or accumulated losses. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements on or after December 1, 2009 are not comparable to the consolidated financial statements prior to that date. The financial statements for the periods ended November 30, 2009 do not include the effect of any changes in our capital structure or changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities as a result of fresh start accounting.Transactions.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Reference is made to “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” which describe important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations and non-historical information contained herein. In addition, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto of Charter Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries included in “Item“Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Overview
We are athe second largest cable operator providing services in the United States with approximately 5.9 million residential and commercial customers at December 31, 2013. We offer our customers traditional cablea leading broadband communications services company providing video, programming, Internet services, and voice services as well as advancedto approximately 26.2 million residential and business customers at December 31, 2016. In addition, we sell video services such as OnDemandTM, HD television and DVR service.online advertising inventory to local, regional and national advertising customers and fiber-delivered communications and managed IT solutions to larger enterprise customers. We also sell local advertising on cableown and operate regional sports networks and provide fiber connectivitylocal sports, news and community channels and sell security and home management services to cellular towers.the residential marketplace. See “Part
“Part I. Item 1. Business — Products and Services” for further description of these services, including “customers.”customer statistics for different services.
Since 2012, Legacy Charter has actively invested in its network and operations and improved the quality and value of the products and packages that Legacy Charter offered. Through the roll-out of Spectrum pricing and packaging we have simplified our offers and improved our packaging of products, delivering more value to new and existing customers. Further, through the transition of our Legacy Charter markets to our all-digital platform, we increased our offerings to more than 200 HD channels in most of the Legacy Charter markets and offered Internet speeds of at least 60 or 100 Mbps, among other benefits. We believe that this product set combined with improved customer service, as we insource our workforce in our call centers and in our field operations, has led to lower customer churn and longer customer lifetimes.
As a result of the Transactions, 2016 revenues increased by over $18.6 billion year over year. We also saw an increase in expenses related to our increased scale. In September 2016, we began launching SPP to Legacy TWC markets and we expect that by mid 2017, we will offer SPP in all Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House markets. In 2017, we intend to begin converting the remaining Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House analog markets to an all-digital platform. Our most significant competitorscorporate organization, as well as our marketing, sales and product development departments, are DBS providersnow centralized. Field operations are managed through eleven regional areas, each designed to represent a combination of designated marketing areas and certain telephonemanaged with largely the same set of field employees that were with the three legacy companies that offer services that provide featuresprior to completion of the Transactions. Over a multi-year period, Legacy TWC and functionsLegacy Bright House customer care centers will migrate to Legacy Charter's model of using segmented, virtualized, U.S.-based in-house call centers. We will focus on deploying superior products and service with minimal service disruptions as we integrate our information technology and network operations. We expect customer and financial results to trend similar to Legacy Charter following the implementation of the Legacy Charter operating strategies across the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House markets. As a result of implementing our video, high-speed Internet,operating strategy at Legacy TWC and voice services, including in some cases wireless services, and they also offer these services in bundles similar to ours. See “Business — Competition.” In the recent past, we have grown revenues by offsetting basic video customer losses with price increases and sales of incremental services such as high-speed Internet, OnDemand, DVR and HD television. We expect to continue to grow revenues by increasing the number of products in our current customer homes and obtaining new customers with an improved value offering. In addition, we expect to increase revenues by expanding the sales of services to our commercial customers. However,Legacy Bright House, we cannot assure yoube certain that we will be able to grow revenues or maintain our margins at recent historical rates.
Our business plans include goals for increasing customersThe Company realized revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and revenue. To reach our goals, we have actively invested in our network andincome from operations and have improvedduring the quality and value of the products and packages that we offer. We have enhanced our video product by increasing digital and HD-DVR penetration, offering more HD channels, and deemphasizing our analog service. During the second quarter of 2012, we simplified our offers and pricing and improved our packaging of productsperiods presented as follows (in millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to bring more value to new and existing customers. As part of our effort to create more value for customers, we have focused on driving penetration of our triple play offering, which includes more than 100 HD channels, video on demand, Internet service, and fully featured voice service. In addition, we have implemented a number of changes to our organizational structure, selling methods and operating tactics. We are increasingly insourcing our field operations, call center and direct sales workforces and modifying the way our sales workforce is compensated, which we believe positions us for better customer service and growth. We expect that our enhanced product set combined with improved customer service will lead to lower customer churn and longer customer lifetimes, allowing us to grow our customer base and revenue more quickly and economically. We expect our capital expenditures to remain elevated as we strive to increase digital and HD-DVR penetration, place higher levels of customer premise equipment per transaction and progressively move to an all-digital platform.rounding).
In July 2013, Charter and Charter Operating acquired Bresnan from a wholly owned subsidiary of Cablevision, for $1.625 billion in cash, subject to a working capital adjustment and a reduction for certain funded indebtedness of Bresnan (the "Bresnan Acquisition"). Bresnan manages cable operating systems in Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and Utah that pass approximately 670,000 homes and serve approximately 375,000 residential and commercial customer relationships. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | | Growth |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 | | 2016 over 2015 | | 2015 over 2014 |
| Actual | | | | | | | | | |
| Revenues | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
| | 197.3 | % | | 7.1 | % |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 10,592 |
| | $ | 3,406 |
| | $ | 3,190 |
| | 211.0 | % | | 6.8 | % |
| Income from operations | $ | 3,355 |
| | $ | 1,114 |
| | $ | 971 |
| | 201.3 | % | | 14.8 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Pro Forma | | | | | | | | | |
| Revenues | $ | 40,023 |
| | $ | 37,394 |
| | | | 7.0 | % | | |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 14,464 |
| | $ | 13,004 |
| | | | 11.2 | % | | |
| Income from operations | $ | 4,801 |
| | $ | 3,396 |
| | | | 41.4 | % | | |
Total revenue growth was 9% for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the corresponding period in 2012, and 4% for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the corresponding period in 2011, due to the Bresnan Acquisition and growth in our video, Internet and commercial businesses. Total revenue growth on a pro forma basis for the Bresnan AcquisitionAdjusted EBITDA is defined as if it had occurred on January 1, 2011 was 5% for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the corresponding period in 2012, and 4% for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the corresponding period in 2011. For the years ended December 31,
2013, 2012 and 2011, adjusted earningsconsolidated net income (loss) beforeplus net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, (“Adjusted EBITDA”) was $2.9 billion, $2.7 billionstock compensation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, (gain) loss on financial instruments, net, other (income) expense, net and $2.7 billion, respectively.other operating (income) expenses, such as merger and restructuring costs, other pension benefits, special charges and gain (loss) on sale or retirement of assets. See “—Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow” for further information on Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow. Growth in total revenue, Adjusted EBITDA increased 6% for the year ended December 31, 2013 comparedand income from operations was primarily due to the corresponding periodTransactions.
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, total revenue growth was primarily due to growth in 2012 asour Internet and commercial businesses. On a result of the Bresnan Acquisition, which contributed $90 million, andpro forma basis, Adjusted EBITDA growth was primarily due to an increase in residential and commercial revenues offset by increases in programming costs costs to service customers and marketingother operating costs. Costs to service customers primarily increased from higher labor to deliver improved products and service levels and greater reconnect expense. Adjusted EBITDA remained flat for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the corresponding period in 2011 as a result of an increase in Internet, commercial and advertising revenues offset by higher programming costs, expenses associated with driving higher growth and investments in the customer experience. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, our income from operations was $925 million, $916 million and $1.0 billion, respectively. In addition to the factors discussed above, income from operations on a pro forma basis was affected by increases in depreciation and amortization, primarily due to the Bresnan Acquisition.merger and restructuring costs and stock compensation expense.
We believe that continued competitionApproximately 90%, 91% and the prolonged recovery of economic conditions in the United States, including mixed recovery in the housing market and relatively high unemployment levels, have adversely affected consumer demand for our services, particularly video. Historically, our primary video competitors have often offered more HD channels and have typically only offered digital services which have a better picture quality compared to our legacy analog product. In response, Charter has promoted its digital product and initiated a transition from analog to digital transmission of all channels we distribute, which will result in substantially more HD channels and higher Internet speeds. In the current economic environment, customers have been more willing to consider our competitors' products, partially because of increased marketing highlighting perceived differences between competitive video products, especially when those competitors are often offering significant incentives to switch providers. We also believe some customers have chosen to receive video over the Internet rather than through our OnDemand and premium video services, thereby reducing our video revenues. We believe competition from wireless service operators and economic factors have contributed to an increase in the number of homes that replace their traditional telephone service with wireless service thereby impacting the growth of our telephone business.
If the economic and competitive conditions discussed above do not improve, we believe our business and results of operations will be adversely affected, which may contribute to future impairments of our franchises and goodwill.
Approximately 89% and 87%90% of our revenues for years ended December 31, 20132016, 2015 and 2012,2014, respectively, are attributable to monthly subscription fees charged to customers for our video, Internet, voice and commercial services provided by our cable systems. Generally, these customer subscriptions may be discontinued by the customer at any time subject to a fee for
certain commercial customers and certain residential customers acquired before July 1, 2012.customers. The remaining 11%10%, 9% and 13%10% of revenue for fiscal years 20132016, 2015 and 2012,2014, respectively, is derived primarily from advertising revenues, franchise and other regulatory fee revenues (which are collected by us but then paid to local authorities), pay-per-view and OnDemandVOD programming, installation, processing fees or reconnection fees charged to customers to commence or reinstate service, and commissions related to the sale of merchandise by home shopping services.
OurWe incurred the following transition costs in connection with the Transactions (in millions).
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Operating expenses | $ | 156 |
| | $ | 72 |
| | $ | 14 |
|
| Other operating expenses | $ | 970 |
| | $ | 70 |
| | $ | 38 |
|
| Interest expense | $ | 390 |
| | $ | 521 |
| | $ | 75 |
|
| Capital expenditures | $ | 460 |
| | $ | 115 |
| | $ | 27 |
|
Amounts included in transition operating expenses primarily consist ofand transition capital expenditures represent incremental costs incurred to integrate the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House operations and to bring the three companies’ systems and processes into a uniform operating structure. Costs are incremental and would not be incurred absent the integration. Other operating expenses associated with the Transactions represent merger and restructuring costs depreciation and amortization expenseinclude advisory, legal and interest expense. Operatingaccounting fees, employee retention costs, primarily include programmingemployee termination costs connectivity, franchise and other regulatory costs,exit costs. Interest expense associated with the costTransactions represents interest incurred on the CCO Safari II, CCO Safari III and CCOH Safari notes issued in advance of the closing of the Transactions, the proceeds of which were held in escrow to service our customers such as field, network and customer operations costs and marketing costs.finance the Transactions.
We have a history of net losses. Our net losses arewere principally attributable to insufficient revenue to cover the combination of operating expenses, interest expenses that we incur because ofon our debt, depreciation expenses resulting from the capital investments we have made, and continue to make, in our cable properties, amortization expenses related to our customer relationship intangibles and higher non-cash taxes resulting fromincome tax expense. We will incur significant increases in our deferredinterest expense and depreciation and amortization as a result of the Transactions and will incur restructuring and transition costs for at least one to two years, and as a result, absent non-recurring impacts such as the reversal of the income tax liabilities.valuation allowance in the second quarter of 2016, we may incur net losses in the future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Certain of our accounting policies require our management to make difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments. Management has discussed these policies with the Audit Committee of Charter’s board of directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the following disclosure. We consider the following policies to be the most critical in understanding the estimates, assumptions and judgments that are involved in preparing our financial statements, and the uncertainties that could affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows:
Property, plant and equipment
Capitalization of labor and overhead costs
Valuation and impairment of property, plant and equipment
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Valuation and impairment of franchises
Valuation and impairment of goodwill
Valuation and impairment and amortization of customer relationships
Valuation and impairment of goodwill
Impairment of trademarks
Income taxes
Litigation
Programming agreements
Pension plans
In addition, there are other items within our financial statements that require estimates or judgment that are not deemed critical, such as the allowance for doubtful accounts and valuations of our derivativefinancial instruments, if any, but changes in estimates or judgment in these other items could also have a material impact on our financial statements.
Property, plant and equipment
The cable industry is capital intensive, and a large portion of our resources are spent on capital activities associated with extending, rebuilding, and upgrading our cable network. As of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015, the net carrying amount of our property, plant and equipment (consisting primarily of cable network assets)distribution systems) was approximately $8.033.0 billion (representing 46%22% of total assets) and $7.28.3 billion (representing 46%49% of total assets)assets excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents), respectively. Total capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014 were approximately $5.3 billion, $1.8 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.32.2 billion, respectively.
Capitalization of labor and overhead costs. Costs associated with network construction, initial placement of the customer installations, installation refurbishments,drop to the dwelling and the additioninitial placement of networkoutlets within a dwelling along with the costs associated with the initial deployment of customer premise equipment necessary to provide newvideo, Internet or advanced videovoices services, are capitalized. Costs capitalized include materials, direct labor, and certain indirect costs. These indirect costs are associated with the activities of personnel who assist in installation activities, and consist of compensation and overhead costs associated with these support functions. While our capitalization is based on specific activities, once capitalized, we track these costs on a composite basis by fixed asset category at the cable system level, and not on a specific asset basis. For assets that are sold or retired, we remove the estimated applicable cost and accumulated depreciation. Costs capitalized as part of initial customer installations include materials, direct labor, and certain indirect costs. These indirect costs are associated with the activities of personnel who assist in connecting and activating the new service, and consist of compensation and overhead costs associated with these support functions. The costs of disconnecting service atand removing customer premise equipment from a customer’s dwelling and the costs to reconnect a customer drop or reconnecting service to aredeploy previously installed dwellingcustomer premise equipment are charged to operating expense in the periodexpensed as incurred. Costs for repairs and maintenance are charged to operating expense as incurred, while plant and equipment replacement, including replacement of certain components, and betterments, includingand replacement of cable drops from the pole to the dwelling,and outlets, are capitalized.
We make judgments regarding the installation and construction activities to be capitalized. We capitalize direct labor and overhead using standards developed from actual costs and applicable operational data. We calculate standards annually (or more frequently if circumstances dictate) for items such as the labor rates, overhead rates, and the actual amount of time required to perform a capitalizable activity. For example, the standard amounts of time required to perform capitalizable activities are based on studies of the time required to perform such activities. Overhead rates are established based on an analysis of the nature of costs incurred in support of capitalizable activities, and a determination of the portion of costs that is directly attributable to capitalizable activities. The impact of changes that resulted from these studies were not material in the periods presented.
Labor costs directly associated with capital projects are capitalized. Capitalizable activities performed in connection with customer installations include such activities as:
Dispatchingdispatching a “truck roll” to the customer’s dwelling or business for service connection;connection or placement of new equipment;
Verificationverification of serviceability to the customer’s dwelling or business (i.e., determining whether the customer’s dwelling is capable of receiving service by our cable network and/or receiving advanced or Internet services);
Customercustomer premise activities performed by in-house field technicians and third-party contractors in connection with customer installations, installation of network equipment in connection with the installation of expandedvideo, Internet or voice services, and equipment replacement and betterment; and
Verifyingverifying the integrity of the customer’s network connection by initiating test signals downstream from the headend to the customer’s digital set-top box.box, as well as testing signal levels at the pole or pedestal.
Judgment is required to determine the extent to which overhead costs incurred result from specific capital activities, and therefore should be capitalized. The primary costs that are included in the determination of the overhead rate are (i) employee benefits and payroll taxes associated with capitalized direct labor, (ii) direct variable costs associated with capitalizable activities, consisting primarily of installation and construction vehicle costs, (iii) the cost of support personnel, such as care personnel and dispatchers, who directly assist with capitalizable installation activities, and (iv) indirect costs directly attributable to capitalizable activities.
While we believe our existing capitalization policies are appropriate, a significant change in the nature or extent of our system activities could affect management’s judgment about the extent to which we should capitalize direct labor or overhead in the future. We monitor the appropriateness of our capitalization policies, and perform updates to our internal studies on an ongoing basis to determine whether facts or circumstances warrant a change to our capitalization policies. We capitalized internal direct labor and overhead of $219$991 million, $202$420 million and $199$427 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014.
Valuation and impairment.impairment of property, plant and equipment. We evaluate the recoverability of our property, plant and equipment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Such events or changes in circumstances could include such factors as the impairment of our indefinite life franchises, changes in technological advances, fluctuations in the fair value of such assets, adverse changes in relationships with local franchise authorities, adverse changes in market conditions, or a deterioration of current or expected future operating results. A long-lived
asset is deemed impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the asset. No impairments of long-lived assets to be held and used were recorded in the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014.
We utilize the cost approach as the primary method used to establish fair value for our property, plant and equipment in connection with business combinations. The cost approach considers the amount required to replace an asset by constructing or purchasing a new asset with similar utility, then adjusts the value in consideration of all forms ofphysical depreciation and functional and economic obsolescence as of the appraisal date for physical depreciation and function and economic obsolescence.date. The cost approach relies on management’s assumptions regarding current material and labor costs required to rebuild and repurchase significant components of our property, plant and equipment along with assumptions regarding the age and estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment.
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment. We evaluate the appropriateness of estimated useful lives assigned to our property, plant and equipment, based on annual analysis of such useful lives, and revise such lives to the extent warranted by changing facts and circumstances. Any changes in estimated useful lives as a result of this analysis are reflected prospectively beginning in the period in which the study is completed. Our analysis of useful lives in 20132016 did not indicate a change in useful lives. The effect of a one-year decrease in the weighted average remaining useful life of our property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 20132016 would be an increase in annual depreciation expense of approximately $204 million.$1.7 billion. The effect of a one-year increase in the weighted average remaining useful life of our property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 20132016 would be a decrease in annual depreciation expense of approximately $217$863 million.
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment totaled $1.6$5.0 billion, $1.4$1.9 billion and $1.3$1.8 billion for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively, representing approximately 22%19%, 21% and 21%22% of costs and expenses, respectively. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line composite method over management’s estimate of the useful lives of the related assets as listed below:
|
| | |
Cable distribution systems………………………………systems | | 7-20 years |
Customer premise equipment and installations…………………..installations | | 4-83-8 years |
Vehicles and equipment…………………………………equipment | | 1-63-6 years |
Buildings and leasehold improvements…………………improvements | | 15-40 years |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment….……………………equipment | | 6-10 years |
Intangible assets
Valuation and impairment of franchises. The net carrying value of franchises as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 was approximately $6.067.3 billion (representing 35%45% of total assets) and $5.3$6.0 billion (representing 34%35% of total assets)assets excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents), respectively. Franchise rights representFor more information and a complete discussion of how we value and test franchise assets for impairment, see Note 6 to the value attributed to agreements or authorizations with localaccompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and state authorities that allow access to homes in cable service areas. For valuation purposes, they are defined as the future economic benefitsSupplementary Data.”
We perform an impairment assessment of the right to solicit and service potential customers (customer marketing rights), and the right to deploy and market new services to potential customers (service marketing rights).
Franchise intangiblefranchise assets that meet specified indefinite life criteria are tested for impairment annually or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. In determining whether our franchises have an indefinite life, we consideredWe performed a qualitative assessment in 2016. Our assessment included consideration of the likelihoodfair value appraisals of franchise renewals, the expected costs of franchise renewals,Legacy Charter and the technological statenewly-acquired operations performed as of the associated cable systems,date of acquisition for tax and acquisition accounting purposes, respectively, along with a view to whether or notmultitude of factors that affect the fair value of our franchise assets. Examples of such factors include environmental and competitive changes within our operating footprint, actual and projected operating performance, the consistency of our operating margins, equity and debt market trends, including changes in our market capitalization, and changes in our regulatory and political landscape, among other factors. Based on our assessment, we are in compliance with any technology upgrading requirements specified in a franchise agreement. We have concluded that as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 all of our franchises qualify for indefinite life treatment.
Franchises are aggregated into essentially inseparable units of accounting to conduct valuations. The units of accounting represent geographical clustering of our cable systems into groups. We assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it iswas more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangiblethe estimated fair values of our franchise assets equals or exceeds their carrying values and that a quantitative impairment test is not required.
The appraisals indicated that the fair value of our franchise assets exceeded carrying value by approximately 25% in the aggregate, with the excess entirely attributable to the franchise assets of Legacy Charter to which acquisition accounting was not applied. At our unit of accounting level for franchise asset impairment testing, the amount by which fair value exceeds carrying value varies based on the extent to which the unit of accounting was comprised of newly-acquired operations. For units of accounting comprised entirely or substantially of newly-acquired operations, we believe the carrying value approximates the fair value given that there has been impaired. If, after this qualitativeno significant adverse changes in factors impacting our fair value estimates since the Transaction date. For units of accounting comprised of at least 25% Legacy Charter operations, the fair value exceeded carrying value by a range of 36% to 260%.
Valuation and impairment of goodwill.The net carrying value of goodwill as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was approximately $29.5 billion (representing 20% of total assets) and $1.2 billion (representing 7% of total assets excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents), respectively. For more information and a complete discussion on how we test goodwill for impairment, see Note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” We perform our impairment assessment we determine that it is not more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible asset has been impaired, then no further quantitative testing is necessary. In completingof goodwill annually as of November 30th. As with our 2013 and 2012franchise impairment testing, we evaluatedelected to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill in 2016 which included the impactfair value appraisals and other factors described above. Based on the appraisals, we determined that the fair value of variousour goodwill exceeded carrying value by approximately 28% as of the closing of the Transactions. Given the limited amount of time between the closing of the Transactions and the completion of the assessment and absence of significant adverse changes in factors to the expected future cash flows attributable toimpacting our units of accounting and to the assumed discount rate which would be used to presentfair value those cash flows. Such factors included macro-economic and industry conditions including the capital markets, regulatory, and competitive environment, and costs of programming and customer premise equipment along with changes to our organizational structure and strategies. After consideration of these qualitative factors,estimates, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the franchise assets in each unit of accounting exceeds the carrying value of such assets and therefore didour goodwill is not perform a quantitative analysis in 2013 or 2012.
If we are required to perform a quantitative analysis to test our franchise assets for impairment, we determine the estimated fair value utilizing an income approach model based on the present value of the estimated discrete future cash flows attributable to each of the intangible assets identified assuming a discount rate. The fair value of franchises for impairment testing is determined based on estimated discrete discounted future cash flows using assumptions consistent with internal forecasts. The franchise after-tax cash flow is calculated as the after-tax cash flow generated by the potential customers obtained (less the anticipated customer churn), and the new services added to those customers in future periods. The sum of the present value of the franchises' after-tax cash flow in years 1 through 10 and the continuing value of the after-tax cash flow beyond year 10 yields the fair value of the franchises.
This approach makes use of unobservable factors such as projected revenues, expenses, capital expenditures, and a discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows. The determination of the discount rate is based on a weighted average cost of capital approach, which uses a market participant’s cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt and reflects the risks inherent in the cash flows. We estimate discounted future cash flows using reasonable and appropriate assumptions derived based on Charter’s and its peers’ historical operating performance adjusted for current and expected competitive and economic factors surrounding the cable industry. The estimates and assumptions made in our valuations are inherently subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and there is no assurance that these results can be achieved. The primary assumptions for which there is a reasonable possibility of the occurrence of a variation that would significantly affect the measurement value include the assumptions regarding revenue growth, programming expense growth rates, the amount and timing of capital expenditures and the discount rate utilized. The quantitative franchise valuations completed for the year ended December 31, 2011 showed franchise values in excess of book values and thus resulted in no impairment.impaired.
Valuation, impairment and amortization of customer relationships. The net carrying value of customer relationships as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 was approximately $1.414.6 billion (representing 8%10% of total assets) and $1.4 billion856 million (representing 9%5% of total assets)assets excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents), respectively. Customer relationships, for valuation purposes, represent the value of the business relationship with existing customers (less the anticipated customer churn), and are calculated by projecting the discrete future after-tax cash flows from these customers, including the right to deploy and market additional services to these customers. The present value of these after-tax cash flows yields the fair value of the customer relationships. The use of different valuation assumptions or definitions of franchises or customer relationships, such as our inclusion of the value of selling additional services to our current customers within customer relationships versus franchises, could significantly impact our valuations and any resulting impairment.
We evaluate the recoverability of customer relationships upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Customer relationships are deemed impaired when the carrying value exceeds the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the customer relationships. No impairment of customer relationships was recorded in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated method over useful lives of 8-15 years based on the period over which current customers are expected to generate cash flows. Amortization expense related to customer relationships for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014 was approximately $284 million, $280$1.9 billion, $249 million and $306$282 million, respectively.
Valuation and No impairment of goodwill.The net carrying value of goodwill as of customer relationships was recorded in the years ended December 31, 20132016, 2015 and 2012 was approximately $1.2 billion (representing 7% of total assets) and $953 million (representing 6% of total assets), respectively. Goodwill is tested for impairment as of November 30 of each year, or2014. For more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. Accounting guidance also permits a qualitative assessment for goodwill to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. If, after this qualitative assessment, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount then no further quantitative testing would be necessary. If we are required to perform the two-step test under the accounting guidance, the first step involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount,
goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired and the second step of the goodwill impairment is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed,information and a comparison ofcomplete discussion on our valuation methodology and amortization method, see Note 6 to the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to its carrying amount to determine the amount of impairment, if any. The fair value of the reporting unit, when performing the second step of the goodwill impairment test, is determined using a consistent income approach model as that used for franchise impairment testing. As with our franchise impairment testing,accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in 2013“Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and 2012, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our goodwill impairment testing and concluded that our goodwill is not impaired. Our 2011 quantitative impairment analysis also did not result in any goodwill impairment charges.
Impairment of trademarks.The net carrying value of trademarks as of both December 31, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $158 million (representing 1% of total assets). Trademarks are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. The fair value of trademarks is determined using the relief-from-royalty method which applies a fair royalty rate to estimated revenue. Royalty rates are estimated based on a review of market royalty rates in the communications and entertainment industries. As we expect to continue to use each trade name indefinitely, trademarks have been assigned an indefinite life and are tested annually for impairment using either a qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis as elected by management. The qualitative analysis in 2013 and 2012 did not identify any factors that would indicate that it was more likely than not that the fair value of trademarks were less than the carrying value and thus resulted in no impairment.Supplementary Data.”
Income taxes
All of Charter’s operations are held through Charter Holdco and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Charter Holdco and the majority of its subsidiaries are generally limited liability companies that are not subject to income tax. However, certain of these limited liability companies are subject to state income tax. In addition, the indirect subsidiaries that are corporations are subject to federal and state income tax. All of the remaining taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of Charter Holdco pass through to Charter and its direct subsidiaries.
As of December 31, 20132016, Charter and its indirect corporate subsidiaries had approximately $8.311.2 billion of federal tax net operating loss carryforwards resulting in a gross deferred tax asset of approximately $2.93.9 billion. Federal tax net operating loss carryforwards expire in the years 2021 through 2033. These losses resulted from the operations of Charter Holdco and its subsidiaries.subsidiaries and from loss carryforwards received as a result of the TWC Transaction. Federal tax net operating loss carryforwards expire in the years 2018 through 2035. In addition, as of December 31, 20132016, Charter and its indirect corporate subsidiaries had state tax net operating loss carryforwards, resulting in a gross deferred tax asset (net of federal tax benefit) of approximately $276304 million. State tax net operating loss carryforwards generally expire in the years 20142017 through 2033. Due to uncertainties in projected future taxable income, valuation allowances have been established against the gross deferred tax assets for book accounting purposes, except for future taxable income that will result from the reversal of existing temporary differences for which deferred tax liabilities are recognized.2035. Such tax loss carryforwards can accumulate and be used to offset Charter’s future taxable income.
As of December 31, 20132016, $2.1 billionall of Charter's federal tax loss carryforwards are unrestricted and available for Charter’s immediate use, while approximately $6.2 billion of federal tax loss carryforwards are still subject to Section 382 and other restrictions. Pursuant to these restrictions, Charter estimates that approximately $2.0$5.4 billion $2.0in 2017, $3.8 billion and $400in 2018, $432 million in the years 2014 to 2016, respectively,2019 and an additional $226 million annually over each of the next 8five years of federal tax loss carryforwards, should become unrestricted and available for Charter’s use. BothAn additional $415 million is currently subject to a valuation allowance. Charter’s indirect corporate subsidiary and state tax loss carryforwards are subject to similar but varying restrictions.
In addition to its tax loss carryforwards, Charter also has tax basis of $5.2 billion in intangible assets and $5.1 billion in property, plant, and equipment as of December 31, 2013. The tax basis in these assets is not subject to Section 382 limitations and therefore the related amortization and depreciation is currently deductible. For illustrative purposes, Charter expects to reflect tax-deductible amortization and depreciation on assets owned as of December 31, 2013, beginning at approximately $2.2 billion in 2014 and decelerating over the following 4 years, totaling an estimated $6.6 billion over the five year period. The foregoing projected deductions do not include any amortization or depreciation related to future capital spend or potential acquisitions. In addition, the deductions assume Charter does not dispose of a material portion of its business or make modifications to the underlying partnerships it owns, all of which may materially affect the timing or amount of its existing amortization and depreciation deductions. Any one of these factors or future legislation or adjustments by the IRS upon examination could also affect the projected deductions.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we have recorded net deferred income tax liabilities of $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. Net deferred tax liabilities included approximately $226 million and $219 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, relating to certain indirect subsidiaries of Charter Holdco that file separate federal or state income tax returns. The remainder of our net deferred tax liability arose from Charter's investment in Charter Holdco, and was largely attributable to the characterization of franchises for financial reporting purposes as indefinite-lived. As part of our net liability, on December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had gross deferred tax assets of $3.9 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively, which primarily relate to tax losses allocated to Charter
from Charter Holdco. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management takes into account various factors, including the expected level of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies and reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Due to ourLegacy Charter’s history of losses, and limitations imposed by Section 382 of the Code discussed above, we wereLegacy Charter was historically unable to assume future taxable income in ourits analysis and accordingly valuation allowances have beenwere established except for deferred benefits available to offset certain deferred tax liabilities that will reverse over time. Accordingly, our gross deferred tax assets have been offset with a corresponding valuation allowance of $3.0 billion and $2.9 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The amount ofagainst the deferred tax assets, considered realizablenet of deferred tax liabilities, from definite-lived assets for book accounting purposes. However, as a result of the TWC Transaction, deferred tax liabilities resulting from the book fair value adjustment increased significantly and therefore, reflectedfuture taxable income that will result from the reversal of existing temporary differences for which deferred tax liabilities are recognized, is sufficient to conclude it is more likely than not that we will realize substantially all of our deferred tax assets. As a result, Charter has reversed approximately $3.3 billion of its valuation allowance and recognized a corresponding income tax benefit in the consolidated balance sheet, would be increased at such time that it is more-likely-than-not future taxable income will be realized duringstatements of operations for the carryforward period. At the time this consideration is met, an adjustment to reverse some portionyear ended December 31, 2016. Approximately $145 million of the existing valuation allowance would result.associated with federal tax net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $55 million of valuation allowance associated with state tax loss carryforwards and other miscellaneous deferred tax assets remains on the December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet.
In determining our tax provision for financial reporting purposes, Charter establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions unless such positions are determined to be “more likely than not” of being sustained upon examination, based on their technical merits. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we presume the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in our financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized when the position is ultimately resolved. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether positions taken on the tax return are “more likely than not” of being sustained. As of December 31, 2012, we had $202 million of liabilities for uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2013, liabilities for uncertain tax positions were reduced to zero.
Charter adjusts its uncertain tax reserve estimates periodically because of ongoing examinations by, and settlements with, the various taxing authorities, as well as changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations.
No tax years for Charter, Charter Holdings or Charter Holdco, for income tax purposes, are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. TaxIRS. Charter and Charter Holdings' 2016 tax year remains open for assessment. Legacy Charter’s tax years ending 20102013 through 2013the short period return dated May 17, 2016 remain subject to examination and assessment. Years prior to 20102013 remain open solely for purposes of examination of Legacy Charter’s net operating loss and credit carryforwards. The IRS is currently examining Legacy TWC’s income tax returns for 2011 and 2012. Legacy TWC’s tax years ending 2013 through 2015 remain subject to examination and assessment. Prior to Legacy TWC’s separation from Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”) in March 2009 (the “Separation”), Legacy TWC was included in the consolidated U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns of Time Warner. The IRS is currently examining Time Warner’s 2008 through 2010 income tax returns. Time Warner’s income tax returns for 2005 to 2007, which are periods prior to the separation, were settled with the exception of an immaterial item that has been referred to the IRS Appeals Division. We have unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, totaling approximately $172 million and $5 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Litigation
Legal contingencies have a high degree of uncertainty. When a loss from a contingency becomes estimable and probable, a reserve is established. The reserve reflects management'smanagement’s best estimate of the probable cost of ultimate resolution of the matter and is revised as facts and circumstances change. A reserve is released when a matter is ultimately brought to closure or the statute of limitations lapses. We have established reserves for certain matters. Although certainthese matters are not expected individually to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, such matters could have, in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Programming Agreementsagreements
We exercise significant judgment in estimating programming expense associated with certain video programming contracts. Our policy is to record video programming costs based on our contractual agreements with our programming vendors, which are generally multi-year agreements that provide for us to make payments to the programming vendors at agreed upon market rates based on the number of customers to which we provide the programming service. If a programming contract expires prior to the parties'parties’ entry into a new agreement and we continue to distribute the service, we estimate the programming costs during the period there is no contract in place. In doing so, we consider the previous contractual rates, inflation and the status of the negotiations in determining our estimates. When the programming contract terms are finalized, an adjustment to programming expense is recorded, if necessary, to reflect the terms of the new contract. We also make estimates in the recognition of programming expense related to other items, such as the accounting for free periods, timing of rate increases and credits from service interruptions, as well as the allocation of consideration exchanged between the parties in multiple-element transactions.
Significant judgment is also involved when we enter into agreements that result in us receiving cash consideration from the programming vendor, usually in the form of advertising sales, channel positioning fees, launch support or marketing support. In these situations, we must determine based upon facts and circumstances if such cash consideration should be recorded as revenue, a reduction in programming expense or a reduction in another expense category (e.g., marketing).
Pension plans
Upon completion of the TWC Transaction, we assumed Legacy TWC’s pension plans. We sponsor two qualified defined benefit pension plans, the TWC Pension Plan and the TWC Union Pension Plan (collectively, the “TWC Pension Plans”), that provide pension benefits to a majority of Legacy TWC employees. We also provide a nonqualified defined benefit pension plan for certain employees under the TWC Excess Pension Plan. As of December 31, 2016, the accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the TWC Pension Plans was $3.3 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, and the net underfunded liability of the TWC Pension Plans was recorded as a $1 million noncurrent asset, $6 million current liability and $309 million long-term liability.
Pension benefits are based on formulas that reflect the employees’ years of service and compensation during their employment period. Actuarial gains or losses are changes in the amount of either the benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from changes in assumptions. We have elected to follow a mark-to-market pension accounting policy for recording the actuarial gains or losses annually during the fourth quarter, or earlier if a remeasurement event occurs during an interim period. We use a December 31 measurement date for our pension plans.
We recognized a net periodic pension benefit of $813 million in 2016. Net periodic pension benefit or expense is determined using certain assumptions, including the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rate and expected rate of compensation increases. We determined the discount rate used to compute pension expense based on the yield of a large population of high-quality corporate bonds with cash flows sufficient in timing and amount to settle projected future defined benefit payments. In developing the expected long-term rate of return on assets, we considered the current pension portfolio’s composition, past
average rate of earnings, and our asset allocation targets. We used a discount rate of 3.99% from the date of the Transaction to June 30, 2016, and 3.72% from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 to compute 2016 pension expense. A decrease in the discount rate of 25 basis points would result in a $154 million increase in our pension plan benefit obligation as of December 31, 2016 and net periodic pension expense recognized in 2016 under our mark-to-market accounting policy. Our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to compute 2016 pension expense was 6.50%. A decrease in the expected long-term rate of return of 25 basis points, from 6.50% to 6.25%, while holding all other assumptions constant, would result in an increase in our 2017 net periodic pension expense of approximately $7 million. See Note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional discussion on these assumptions.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the percentages of revenues that items in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations constituted for the periods presented (dollars in millions, except per share data):
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 |
| Revenues | $ | 8,155 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 7,504 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 7,204 |
| | 100 | % | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Costs and Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating costs and expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 5,345 |
| | 66 | % | | 4,860 |
| | 65 | % | | 4,564 |
| | 63 | % | |
| Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below) | | 18,655 |
| | 6,426 |
| | 5,973 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,854 |
| | 23 | % | | 1,713 |
| | 23 | % | | 1,592 |
| | 22 | % | 6,907 |
| | 2,125 |
| | 2,102 |
|
| Other operating expenses, net | 31 |
| | — | % | | 15 |
| | — | % | | 7 |
| | — | % | 86 |
| | 89 |
| | 62 |
|
| | 7,230 |
| | 89 | % | | 6,588 |
| | 88 | % | | 6,163 |
| | 86 | % | 25,648 |
| | 8,640 |
| | 8,137 |
|
| Income from operations | 925 |
| | 11 | % | | 916 |
| | 12 | % | | 1,041 |
| | 14 | % | 3,355 |
| | 1,114 |
| | 971 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Other Expenses: | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | (846 | ) | | | | (907 | ) | | | | (963 | ) | | | (2,499 | ) | | (1,306 | ) | | (911 | ) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (123 | ) | | | | (55 | ) | | | | (143 | ) | | | (111 | ) | | (128 | ) | | — |
|
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | 11 |
| | | | — |
| | | | — |
| | | |
| Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net | | 89 |
| | (4 | ) | | (7 | ) |
| Other expense, net | (16 | ) | | | | (1 | ) | | | | (5 | ) | | | (14 | ) | | (7 | ) | | — |
|
| Loss before income taxes | (49 | ) | | | | (47 | ) | | | | (70 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (2,535 | ) | | (1,445 | ) | | (918 | ) |
| Income tax expense | (120 | ) | | | | (257 | ) | | | | (299 | ) | | | |
| Net loss | $ | (169 | ) | | | | $ | (304 | ) | | | | $ | (369 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LOSS PER COMMON SHARE, BASIC AND DILUTED: | $ | (1.65 | ) | | | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | | | $ | (3.39 | ) | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | | 820 |
| | (331 | ) | | 53 |
|
| Income tax benefit (expense) | | 2,925 |
| | 60 |
| | (236 | ) |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | | 3,745 |
| | (271 | ) | | (183 | ) |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 101,934,630 |
| | | | 99,657,989 |
| | | | 108,948,554 |
| | | |
| EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHARTER SHAREHOLDERS: | | | | | | |
| Basic | | $ | 17.05 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) |
| Diluted | | $ | 15.94 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic | | 206,539,100 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
|
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted | | 234,791,439 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
|
Revenues. Total revenues grew $651 million$19.2 billion or 9%197% in the year ended December 31, 20132016 as compared to 20122015 and grew $300$646 million or 4%7.1% in the year ended December 31, 20122015 as compared to 20112014. Revenue growth primarily reflects the Transactions and increases in the number of residential Internet and triple play customers and in commercial business customers, growth in expanded basicrates driven by higher equipment revenue and digital penetration, promotional and annual rate increases and higher advanced services penetration offset by a decrease in basic video customers and lower advertising sales in a non-political year. Asset acquisitionscustomers. The Transactions increased revenues in 2013for year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 20122015 by approximately $270 million and approximately $20 million in 2012$18.6 billion. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, total revenue growth was 7% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015.2011.
Revenues by service offering were as follows (dollars in millions)millions; all percentages are calculated using whole numbers. Minor differences may exist due to rounding):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 over 2012 | | 2012 over 2011 |
| | Revenues | | % of Revenues | | Revenues | | % of Revenues | | Revenues | | % of Revenues | | Change | | % Change | | Change | | % Change |
| Video | $ | 4,030 |
| | 49 | % | | $ | 3,639 |
| | 48 | % | | $ | 3,639 |
| | 51 | % | | $ | 391 |
| | 11 | % | | $ | — |
| | — | % |
| Internet | 2,186 |
| | 27 | % | | 1,866 |
| | 25 | % | | 1,708 |
| | 24 | % | | 320 |
| | 17 | % | | 158 |
| | 9 | % |
| Voice | 644 |
| | 8 | % | | 828 |
| | 11 | % | | 858 |
| | 12 | % | | (184 | ) | | (22 | )% | | (30 | ) | | (3 | )% |
| Commercial | 822 |
| | 10 | % | | 658 |
| | 9 | % | | 544 |
| | 8 | % | | 164 |
| | 25 | % | | 114 |
| | 21 | % |
| Advertising sales | 291 |
| | 4 | % | | 334 |
| | 4 | % | | 292 |
| | 4 | % | | (43 | ) | | (13 | )% | | 42 |
| | 14 | % |
| Other | 182 |
| | 2 | % | | 179 |
| | 2 | % | | 163 |
| | 2 | % | | 3 |
| | 2 | % | | 16 |
| | 10 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 8,155 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 7,504 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 7,204 |
| | 100 | % | | $ | 651 |
| | 9 | % | | $ | 300 |
| | 4 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Years ended December 31, | | Years ended December 31, |
| | Actual | | Pro Forma |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 | | 2016 vs. 2015 Growth | | 2015 vs. 2014 Growth | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2016 vs. 2015 Growth |
| Video | $ | 11,967 |
| | $ | 4,587 |
| | $ | 4,443 |
| | 160.9 | % | | 3.2 | % | | $ | 16,390 |
| | $ | 16,029 |
| | 2.3 | % |
| Internet | 9,272 |
| | 3,003 |
| | 2,576 |
| | 208.7 | % | | 16.6 | % | | 12,688 |
| | 11,295 |
| | 12.3 | % |
| Voice | 2,005 |
| | 539 |
| | 575 |
| | 272.2 | % | | (6.4 | )% | | 2,905 |
| | 2,842 |
| | 2.2 | % |
| Residential revenue | 23,244 |
| | 8,129 |
| | 7,594 |
| | 185.9 | % | | 7.0 | % | | 31,983 |
| | 30,166 |
| | 6.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Small and medium business | 2,480 |
| | 764 |
| | 676 |
| | 224.7 | % | | 13.0 | % | | 3,409 |
| | 3,009 |
| | 13.3 | % |
| Enterprise | 1,429 |
| | 363 |
| | 317 |
| | 293.0 | % | | 14.8 | % | | 2,025 |
| | 1,818 |
| | 11.4 | % |
| Commercial revenue | 3,909 |
| | 1,127 |
| | 993 |
| | 246.7 | % | | 13.5 | % | | 5,434 |
| | 4,827 |
| | 12.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Advertising sales | 1,235 |
| | 309 |
| | 341 |
| | 300.3 | % | | (9.5 | )% | | 1,696 |
| | 1,524 |
| | 11.3 | % |
| Other | 615 |
| | 189 |
| | 180 |
| | 225.0 | % | | 5.0 | % | | 910 |
| | 877 |
| | 4.0 | % |
| | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
| | 197.3 | % | | 7.1 | % | | $ | 40,023 |
| | $ | 37,394 |
| | 7.0 | % |
40
Video revenues consist primarily of revenues from basic and digital video services provided to our non-commercialresidential customers, as well as franchise fees, equipment rental and video installation revenue. Residential basicExcluding the impacts of the Transactions, residential video customers increased by 188,00042,000 in 20132016 and decreased by 155,0002,000 in 2012. However, after giving effect to asset acquisitions and dispositions, residential basic video customers decreased by 109,000 and 154,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively.2015. The changesincreases in video revenues are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Incremental video services, price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | | $ | 375 |
| | $ | 115 |
|
| Decrease in basic video customers | | (98 | ) | | (89 | ) |
| Decrease in premium purchases | | (20 | ) | | (39 | ) |
| Asset acquisitions, net | | 134 |
| | 13 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | 391 |
| | $ | — |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Incremental video services, price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 161 |
|
| Increase (decrease) in VOD and pay-per-view | | (22 | ) | | 15 |
|
| Increase (decrease) in average basic video customers | | 35 |
| | (32 | ) |
| TWC Transaction | | 6,263 |
| | — |
|
| Bright House Transaction | | 1,001 |
| | — |
|
| | | $ | 7,380 |
| | $ | 144 |
|
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, residential video customers decreased by 226,000 in 2016 and the increase in video revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Incremental video services, price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | $ | 498 |
|
| Decrease in VOD and pay-per-view | (69 | ) |
| Decrease in average basic video customers | (68 | ) |
| | $ | 361 |
|
ResidentialExcluding the impacts of the Transactions, residential Internet customers grew by 598,000461,000 and 293,000442,000 customers in 20132016 and 20122015, respectively, or 324,000 and 316,000 customers in 2013 and 2012, respectively, after giving effect to asset acquisitions and dispositions.respectively. The increases in Internet revenues from our residential customers are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Increase in residential Internet customers | | $ | 142 |
| | $ | 136 |
|
| Service level changes and price adjustments | | 106 |
| | 17 |
|
| Asset acquisitions, net | | 72 |
| | 5 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | 320 |
| | $ | 158 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Increase in average residential Internet customers | | $ | 284 |
| | $ | 242 |
|
| Service level changes, price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | | 62 |
| | 185 |
|
| TWC Transaction | | 5,063 |
| | — |
|
| Bright House Transaction | | 860 |
| | — |
|
| | | $ | 6,269 |
| | $ | 427 |
|
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, residential Internet customers increased by 1,463,000 in 2016 and the increase in Internet revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Increase in average residential Internet customers | $ | 957 |
|
| Service level changes, price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | 436 |
|
| | $ | 1,393 |
|
ResidentialExcluding the impacts of the Transactions, residential voice customers grew by 359,00095,000 and 123,000159,000 customers in 20132016 and 20122015, respectively, or 200,000 and 134,000 customers in 2013 and 2012, respectively, after giving effect to asset acquisitions and dispositions.respectively. The changeschange in voice revenues from our residential customers areis attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | | $ | (259 | ) | | $ | (71 | ) |
| Increase in residential voice customers | | 51 |
| | 40 |
|
| Asset acquisitions, net | | 24 |
| | 1 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | (184 | ) | | $ | (30 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Increase in average residential voice customers | | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 34 |
|
| Price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | | (18 | ) | | (70 | ) |
| TWC Transaction | | 1,247 |
| | — |
|
| Bright House Transaction | | 209 |
| | — |
|
| | | $ | 1,466 |
| | $ | (36 | ) |
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, residential voice customers increased by 368,000 in 2016 and the increase in voice revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Increase in average residential voice customers | $ | 229 |
|
| Price adjustments and bundle revenue allocation | (166 | ) |
| | $ | 63 |
|
Commercial revenues consist primarilyExcluding the impacts of revenues from services provided to our commercial customers. Commercialthe Transactions, small and medium business PSUs increased 100,000128,000 and 55,000109,000 in 20132016 and 20122015, respectively, or 64,000 and 65,000 customers in 2013 and 2012, respectively, after giving effect to asset acquisitions and dispositions.respectively. The increases in small and medium business commercial revenues are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Sales to small-to-medium sized business customers | | $ | 97 |
| | $ | 87 |
|
| Carrier site customers | | 25 |
| | 17 |
|
| Other | | 11 |
| | 9 |
|
| Asset acquisitions, net | | 31 |
| | 1 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | 164 |
| | $ | 114 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Increase in small and medium business customers | | $ | 127 |
| | $ | 112 |
|
| Price adjustments | | (38 | ) | | (24 | ) |
| TWC Transaction | | 1,408 |
| | — |
|
| Bright House Transaction | | 219 |
| | — |
|
| | | $ | 1,716 |
| | $ | 88 |
|
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, small and medium business PSUs increased by 291,000 in 2016 and the increase in small and medium business commercial revenues is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Increase in small and medium business customers | $ | 359 |
|
| Price adjustments | 41 |
|
| | $ | 400 |
|
Excluding the impacts of the Transactions, enterprise PSUs increased 6,000 and 5,000 in 2016 and 2015, respectively. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, enterprise PSUs increased by 16,000 in 2016. The Transactions increased enterprise commercial revenues for year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015 by approximately $1.0 billion. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, enterprise commercial revenues increased $207 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to growth in customers.
Advertising sales revenues consist primarily of revenues from commercial advertising customers, programmers and other vendors.vendors, as well as local cable and advertising on regional sports and news channels. Advertising sales revenues increased in 2016 primarily due to the Transactions and decreased in 20132015 primarily as a result of a decrease in revenue frompolitical advertising. The Transactions increased advertising sales revenues for the political and retail sectorsyear ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015 by $898 million. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of $30 million and $20 million, respectively. In 2012,January 1, 2015, advertising sales revenues increased as a result of$172 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to an increase in revenue from the political and automotive sectors of $20 million and $12 million, respectively. Asset acquisitions increased advertising sales revenue by approximately $7 million in 2013 compared to 2012. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we received $41 million, $59 million and $51 million, respectively, in advertising sales revenues from vendors.advertising.
Other revenues consist of revenue from regional sports and news channels (excluding intercompany charges or advertising sales on those channels), home shopping, late payment fees, wire maintenance fees and other miscellaneous revenues. The increasesincrease in 20132016 and 2012 werewas primarily due to the result of increases in late payment fees. Asset acquisitionsTransactions. The Transactions increased other revenues in 2013for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 20122015 by approximately $2$429 million. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, other revenues increased $33 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to a settlement related to an early contract termination.
Operating costs and expenses. The increases in our operating costs and expenses are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
| | | | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Programming | | $ | 108 |
| | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 4,356 |
| | $ | 219 |
|
| Franchise, regulatory and connectivity | | (1 | ) | | 8 |
| |
| Regulatory, connectivity and produced content | | | 1,032 |
| | 7 |
|
| Costs to service customers | | 101 |
| | 90 |
| | 3,468 |
| | 26 |
|
| Marketing | | 38 |
| | 34 |
| | 1,071 |
| | 11 |
|
| Transition costs | | | 84 |
| | 58 |
|
| Other | | 59 |
| | 49 |
| | 2,218 |
| | 132 |
|
| Asset acquisitions | | 180 |
| | 15 |
| |
| | | | | | | $ | 12,229 |
| | $ | 453 |
|
| | | $ | 485 |
| | $ | 296 |
| |
Programming costs were approximately $7.0 billion, $2.7 billion and $2.5 billion, representing $2.1 billion38%, $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion, representing 40%, 40%42% and 41% of operating costs and expenses for each of the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively. The increase in operating costs and expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to the Transactions.
The increase in other expense is attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Corporate costs | $ | 540 |
| | $ | 44 |
|
| Advertising sales expense | 405 |
| | 10 |
|
| Enterprise | 390 |
| | 7 |
|
| Property tax and insurance | 198 |
| | 17 |
|
| Bad debt expense | 188 |
| | 15 |
|
| Stock compensation expense | 166 |
| | 23 |
|
| Bank fees | 114 |
| | 6 |
|
| Other | 217 |
| | 10 |
|
| | $ | 2,218 |
| | $ | 132 |
|
The increases in other expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the corresponding prior periods were primarily due to the Transactions.
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, increases in our operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Programming | $ | 661 |
|
| Regulatory, connectivity and produced content | 28 |
|
| Costs to service customers | 76 |
|
| Marketing | 53 |
|
| Transition costs | 84 |
|
| Other | 316 |
|
| | $ | 1,218 |
|
On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, programming costs were approximately $9.6 billion and $9.0 billion, representing 37% and 36% of total operating costs and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, digital, premium, OnDemand,VOD, and pay-per-view programming. The increasesincrease in pro forma programming costs areis primarily a result of annual contractual rate adjustments, including increases in amounts paid for retransmission consents and forthe introduction of new programming,offset in part by video customer losses. Programming costs were alsonetworks offset by synergies as a result of the amortization of payments received from programmers of $7 million, $6 millionTransactions and $7 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.lower pay-per-view programming expenses. We expect pro forma programming expenses towill continue to increase due to a variety of factors, including increased demands by owners of some broadcast stations for carriage of other services or payments to those broadcasters for retransmission consent, annual increases imposed by programmers with additional selling power as a result of media consolidation, increased demands by owners of broadcast stations for payment for retransmission consent or linking carriage of other services to retransmission consent, and additional programming, includingparticularly new sports services and non-linear programming for on-line and OnDemand programming.services. We have been unable to fully pass these increases on to our customers nor do we expect to be able to do so in the future without a potential loss of customers.
Costs to service customers include residential and commercial costs related to field operations, network operations and customer care including labor, reconnects, maintenance, billing, occupancy and vehicle costs. The increase in costs to service customers during 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily the result of higher spending on labor to deliver improved products and service levels as well as greater reconnect expense. The increase in costs to service customers for the year ended December 31, 2012 was primarily the result of increased preventive maintenance levels and higher service labor.
TheOn a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, the increase in marketing costs for the year ended December 31, 2013 was the result of heavier sales activity and sales channel development. The increase in marketing costs for the year ended December 31, 2012 was the result of increased media investment and commercial marketing as well as a $7 million favorable adjustment in the second quarter of 2011 related to expenses previously accrued on 2010 marketing campaigns.
The increases in other expense areis attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Commercial sales expense | | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 20 |
|
| Property tax and insurance | | 14 |
| | (7 | ) |
| Bad debt and collections | | 9 |
| | (18 | ) |
| Advertising sales expense | | 6 |
| | 15 |
|
| Stock compensation expense | | (2 | ) | | 15 |
|
| Administrative labor | | (4 | ) | | 10 |
|
| Other | | 6 |
| | 14 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | 59 |
| | $ | 49 |
|
|
| | | |
| | 2016 compared to 2015 |
| Advertising sales expense | $ | 100 |
|
| Corporate costs | 86 |
|
| Stock compensation expense | 49 |
|
| Enterprise | 48 |
|
| Bank fees | 33 |
|
| | $ | 316 |
|
Commercial sales expense increased in 2013 compared to 2012 and 2012 compared to 2011 and advertising sales expenses increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily related to growth in these businesses. The increase in property tax and insuranceadvertising sales expense relates primarily to higher advertising sales revenue. The increase in 2013 compared to 2012corporate costs relates primarily to increases in the number of employees including increases in engineering and vehicles. The increase in bad debt in 2013 compared to 2012 is primarily related to an increase in collection expenses while the decrease in 2012 compared to 2011 isIT. Stock compensation expense increased primarily due to decreasesincreases in write-offs.headcount and the value of equity issued.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $141$4.8 billion in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily as a result of additional depreciation and amortization related to the Transactions, inclusive of the incremental amounts as a result of the higher fair values recorded in acquisition accounting. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $23 million and $121 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively,2015 compared to 2014 which primarily represents depreciation on more recent capital expenditures and the Bresnan Acquisition offset by certain assets becoming fully depreciated.
Other operating expenses, net. The changes in other operating expenses, net are attributable to the following (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 compared to 2012 | | 2012 compared to 2011 |
| | | | | |
| Increases in (gain) loss on sales of assets | | $ | 13 |
| | $ | (1 | ) |
| Increases in special charges, net | | 3 |
| | 9 |
|
| | | | | |
| | | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 8 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 2016 compared to 2015 | | 2015 compared to 2014 |
| Merger and restructuring costs | | $ | 900 |
| | $ | 32 |
|
| Other pension benefits | | (899 | ) | | — |
|
| Special charges, net | | 2 |
| | 1 |
|
| (Gain) loss on sale of assets, net | | (6 | ) | | (6 | ) |
| | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | 27 |
|
The increase in merger and restructuring costs is primarily due to approximately $262 million of Legacy Charter and Legacy TWC contingent financing and advisory transaction fees paid at the closing of the Transactions as well as approximately $642 million of employee retention and employee termination costs incurred during 2016.Other pension benefits includes the pension curtailment gain of $675 million, remeasurement gain of $195 million, expected return on plan assets of $116 million offset by interest costs of $87 million. For more information, see Note 1415 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item“Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Interest expense, net. Net interest expense decreasedincreased by $611.2 billion in 2016 from 2015 and by $395 million in 20132015 from 2012 and $56 million in 2012 from 2011. Net interest expense decreased in 2013 compared to 20122014 primarily as a result of a decrease in our weighted average interest rate from 6.5% for the year ended December 31, 2012 to 5.8% for the year ended December 31, 2013 offset by an increase in our weighted average debt outstanding from $13.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012 to $13.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013. Netof $463 million and $446 million, respectively, of interest expense decreasedassociated with the debt incurred to fund the Transactions, and, in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily as a result of a decrease in our weighted average interest rate2016, $604 million associated with debt assumed from 7.3% for the year ended December 31, 2011 to 6.5% for the year ended December 31, 2012 offset by an increase in ourLegacy TWC.
weighted average debt outstanding from $12.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $13.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt consists of the following$111 million and $128 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016 and 2011 (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year ended December 31, |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| | | | | | | |
| Charter Operating credit amendment / prepayments | | $ | 58 |
| | $ | 92 |
| | $ | 120 |
|
| CCH II notes redemptions | | — |
| | (46 | ) | | 6 |
|
| Charter Operating notes repurchases | | — |
| | 9 |
| | 17 |
|
| CCO Holdings notes repurchases | | 65 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | | $ | 123 |
| | $ | 55 |
| | $ | 143 |
|
2015 primarily represents losses recognized as a result of the repurchase of CCO Holdings notes. For more information, see Note 89 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item“Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Gain (loss) on derivativefinancial instruments, net. Interest rate derivative instruments are heldused to manage our interest costs and to reduce our exposure to increases in floating interest rates.rates, and cross-currency derivative instruments are used to manage foreign exchange risk related to the foreign currency denominated debt assumed in the TWC Transaction. We recognized a gainrecorded gains of $11$89 million and losses of $4 million and $7 million during the yearyears ended December 31, 2013, which represents2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Gains and losses on financial instruments are recognized due to changes in the change in fair value of our interest rate and, in 2016 our cross currency derivative instruments and the remeasurement of the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”) into U.S. dollars. The year ended December 31, 2016 also includes an $11 million loss realized upon termination of Legacy TWC interest rate swap derivative instruments. For more information, see Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Other expense, net. Other expense, net primarily represents equity losses on our equity-method investments. For more information, see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Income tax benefit (expense).We recognized income tax benefits of $2.9 billion and $60 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and income tax expense of $236 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Certain of the deferred tax liabilities that were assumed in connection with the closing of the TWC Transaction will reverse and provide a source of future taxable income, resulting in a reduction of approximately $3.3 billion of Legacy Charter’s preexisting valuation allowance associated with its deferred tax assets. Such release of Legacy Charter’s valuation allowance was recognized directly to income tax benefit in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was also impacted by a change in a state tax law that resulted in approximately $65 million of tax benefit. The tax provision in future periods will vary based on current and future temporary differences, as well as future operating results. For more information, see Note 17 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
The income tax benefit in 2015 was primarily due to the deemed liquidation of Charter Holdco solely for federal and state income tax purposes, resulting in a $187 million deferred income tax benefit offset by amortizationincome tax expense primarily through increases in deferred tax liabilities. Income tax expense was recognized in 2015 and 2014 primarily through increases in deferred tax liabilities related to Legacy Charter’s franchises, which are characterized as indefinite lived for book financial reporting purposes, as well as, to a lesser extent, through current federal and state income tax expense.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes represents A/N’s portion of our accumulated other comprehensive lossCharter Holdings’ net income based on its effective common unit ownership interest of approximately 10% and on the preferred dividend of $93 million for interest rate derivative instruments no longer designated as hedges for accounting purposes.the year ended December 31, 2016. For more information, see Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8.1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.Statements.”
Income tax expense.Income tax expense of $120 million, $257 million and $299 million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, primarily through increases in deferred tax liabilities related to our investment in Charter Holdco and certain of our indirect subsidiaries, in addition to $8 million, $7 million and $9 million of current federal and stateNet income tax expense, respectively. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased compared to the corresponding prior period, primarily as a result of step-ups in basis of indefinite-lived assets for tax, but not GAAP purposes, including the effects of partnership gains related to financing transactions and a partnership restructuring, which decreased our net deferred tax liability related to indefinite-lived assets by $137 million. Our tax provision in future periods will vary based on various factors including changes in our deferred tax liabilities(loss) attributable to indefinite-lived intangibles, as well as future operating results, however we do not anticipate having such a large reduction inCharter shareholders.Net income tax expense attributable to these items unless we enter into similar future financing or restructuring transactions. The ultimate impact on the tax provision of such future financing and restructuring activities, if any, will be dependent on the underlying facts and circumstances at the time. Income tax expenseCharter shareholders was $3.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011 included an $8 million expense for a state tax law change.
Net loss.We incurred2016 and net loss of $169attributable to Charter shareholders was $271 million, $304 and $183 million and $369 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, respectively, primarily as a result of the factors described above.
Loss per common share.During 2013 On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, net income attributable to Charter shareholders was $1.1 billion and 2012, net loss per common share decreased by $1.40$159 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and $0.34, respectively, as a result of the factors described above in addition to an increase in our weighted average common shares outstanding primarily as a result of warrant exercises in 2013.2015, respectively.
Use of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow
We use certain measures that are not defined by GAAPU.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to evaluate various aspects of our business. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, consolidated net lossincome (loss) and net cash flows from operating activities reported in accordance with GAAP. These terms, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are reconciled to consolidated net lossincome (loss) and net cash flows from operating activities, respectively, below.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as consolidated net lossincome (loss) plus net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, gain(gain) loss on derivativefinancial instruments, other (income) expense, net and other operating (income) expenses, such as merger and restructuring costs, other pension benefits, special chargescharge
s and (gain) loss on sale or retirement of assets. As such, it eliminates the significant non-cash depreciation and amortization expense that results from the capital-intensive nature of our businesses as well as other non-cash or special items, and is unaffected by our capital structure or investment activities. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management and Charter’s board of directors to evaluate the performance of our business. However, this measure is limited in that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues and our cash cost of financing. Management evaluates theseThese costs are evaluated through other financial measures.
Free cash flow is defined as net cash flows from operating activities, less capital expenditures and changes in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures.
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow provide information useful to investors in assessing our performance and our ability to service our debt, fund operations and make additional investments with internally generated funds. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA generally correlates to the leverage ratio calculation under our credit facilities or outstanding notes to determine compliance with the covenants contained in the facilities and notes (all such documents have been previously filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission)SEC). For the purpose of calculating compliance with leverage covenants, we use Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, excluding certain expenses paid by our operating subsidiaries to other Charter entities. Our debt covenants refer to these expenses as management fees, which fees were in the amount of $201930 million, $191322 million and $151253 million for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively.
| | | | Years ended December 31, | Years ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| | | | | | | Actual |
| Net loss | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | | $ | 3,745 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| Plus: Interest expense, net | 846 |
| | 907 |
| | 963 |
| 2,499 |
| | 1,306 |
| | 911 |
|
| Income tax expense | 120 |
| | 257 |
| | 299 |
| |
| Income tax (benefit) expense | | (2,925 | ) | | (60 | ) | | 236 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,854 |
| | 1,713 |
| | 1,592 |
| 6,907 |
| | 2,125 |
| | 2,102 |
|
| Stock compensation expense | 48 |
| | 50 |
| | 35 |
| 244 |
| | 78 |
| | 55 |
|
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 123 |
| | 55 |
| | 143 |
| 111 |
| | 128 |
| | — |
|
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| (Gain) loss on derivative instruments, net | | (89 | ) | | 4 |
| | 7 |
|
| Other, net | 47 |
| | 16 |
| | 12 |
| 100 |
| | 96 |
| | 62 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,858 |
| | $ | 2,694 |
| | $ | 2,675 |
| $ | 10,592 |
| | $ | 3,406 |
| | $ | 3,190 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | $ | 2,158 |
| | $ | 1,876 |
| | $ | 1,737 |
| $ | 8,041 |
| | $ | 2,359 |
| | $ | 2,359 |
|
| Less: Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (1,825 | ) | | (1,745 | ) | | (1,311 | ) | (5,325 | ) | | (1,840 | ) | | (2,221 | ) |
| Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures | 76 |
| | 13 |
| | 57 |
| 603 |
| | 28 |
| | 33 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Free cash flow | $ | 409 |
| | $ | 144 |
| | $ | 483 |
| $ | 3,319 |
| | $ | 547 |
| | $ | 171 |
|
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 |
| | Pro Forma |
| Consolidated net income | $ | 1,399 |
| | $ | 338 |
|
| Plus: Interest expense, net | 2,883 |
| | 2,968 |
|
| Income tax expense | 498 |
| | 102 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 9,555 |
| | 9,348 |
|
| Stock compensation expense | 295 |
| | 246 |
|
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 111 |
| | 128 |
|
| (Gain) loss on financial instruments, net | (89 | ) | | 4 |
|
| Other, net | (188 | ) | | (130 | ) |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 14,464 |
| | $ | 13,004 |
|
Liquidity and Capital Resources
IntroductionOverview
This section contains a discussion of our liquidity and capital resources, including a discussion of our cash position, sources and uses of cash, access to credit facilities and other financing sources, historical financing activities, cash needs, capital expenditures and outstanding debt.
Overview of Our Contractual Obligations and Liquidity
We have significant amounts of debt. The accreted valueprincipal amount of our debt as of December 31, 20132016 was $14.2$60.0 billion,, consisting of $3.9$8.9 billion of credit facility debt, $37.7 billion of investment grade senior secured notes and $10.3$13.4 billion of high-yield senior unsecured notes. Our business requires significant cash to fund principal and interest payments on our debt. As of December 31, 2013, $414 million of our long-term debt matures in 2014, $65 million in 2015, $93 million in 2016, $1.1 billion in 2017, $673 million in 2018 and $11.9 billion thereafter. As of December 31, 2013, we had other contractual obligations, including interest on our debt, totaling $7.5 billion. During 2014, we currently expect capital expenditures to be approximately $2.2 billion, including approximately $400 million for completion of our 2014 all-digital plan.
Our projected cash needs and projected sources of liquidity depend upon, among other things, our actual results, and the timing and amount of our expenditures. Free cash flow was $409$3.3 billion, $547 million, $144 and $171 million and $483 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, respectively. We expect to continue to generate free cash flow for 2014. As of December 31, 2013,2016, the amount available under our credit facilities was approximately $1.12.8 billion. and cash on hand was approximately $1.5 billion. We expect to utilize free cash flow, cash on hand and availability under our credit facilities as well as future refinancing transactions to further extend the maturities of or reduce the principal on our obligations. The timing and terms of any refinancing transactions will be subject to market conditions. Additionally, we may, from time to time, and depending on market conditions and other factors, use cash on hand and the proceeds from securities offerings or other borrowings to retire our debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases, tender offers or redemption provisions. We believe we have sufficient liquidity from cash on hand, free cash flow and Charter Operating'sOperating’s revolving credit facility as well as access to the capital markets to fund our projected operating cash needs.
We continue to evaluate the deployment of our cash on hand and anticipated future free cash flow including to reduce our leverage, and to invest in our business growth and other strategic opportunities, including mergers and acquisitions as well as stock repurchases and dividends. Our target leverage remains at 4 to 4.5 times, and up to 3.5 times at the Charter Operating level. In 2016, Charter purchased approximately 5.1 million shares of its Class A common stock for approximately $1.3 billion pursuant to authorizations by Charter’s board of directors of $3 billion. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2016 and provided Charter’s and Charter Operating's leverage ratios remain at target, management has authority to cause Charter to purchase an additional $1.7 billion of Charter’s Class A common stock without taking into account shares or units that may be purchased from A/N. Effective November 1, 2016, Charter's board of directors granted authority for a new $750 million of Class A common stock buybacks under the rolling six-month authority without taking into account any Class A common stock purchased prior to November 1. As a result, a portion of the $1.7 billion of authority is under the authority of management to approve up to $750 million for Class A common stock buybacks in any six-month period. Charter is not obligated to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the timing of any purchases that may occur cannot be predicted and will largely depend on market conditions and other potential uses of capital. Purchases may include open market purchases or negotiated transactions. As possible acquisitions, swaps or dispositions arise, in our industry, we actively review them against our objectives including, among other considerations, improving the operational efficiency, and clustering, product development or technology capabilities of our business and achieving appropriate return targets, and we may participate to the extent we believe these possibilities present attractive opportunities. However, there can be no assurance that we will actually complete any acquisition, dispositionacquisitions, dispositions or system swapswaps, or that any such transactions will be material to our operations or results. See "Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors - Our inability to successfully acquire and integrate other businesses, assets, products or technologies could harm our operating results."
In December 2016, Charter and A/N exchanged 1.9 million Charter Holdings common units held by A/N for shares of Charter Class A common stock pursuant to the Letter Agreement for an aggregate purchase price of $537 million. The Letter Agreement also requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, Charter Holdings purchased from A/N 752,767 Charter Holdings common units at a price per unit of $289.83, or $218 million.
Recent Events
In January 2017, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its Credit Agreement decreasing the applicable LIBOR margin on both the term loan E and term loan F to 2.00% and eliminating the LIBOR floor.
In February 2017, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due 2027. The net proceeds will be used to redeem CCO Holdings’ 6.625% senior notes due 2022, pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.
Free Cash Flow
Free cash flow was $409increased $2.8 billion and $376 million, $144 million and $483 million for during the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016 and 2011, respectively. The increase in free cash flow in 20132015 compared to 2012 is primarilythe corresponding prior periods, respectively, due to an increase of $164 million in Adjusted EBITDA, a decrease of $141 million in cash paid for interest due to a decrease in our average interest rate and timing of interest payments with the completion of refinancings, and changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the change in accrued interest, that provided $31 million more cash during 2013. The increase in free cash flow was offset by an increase of $80 million in capital expenditures of which $59 million was related to Bresnan.following.
The decrease in free cash flow in 2012 compared to 2011 is primarily due to an increase of $434 million in capital expenditures. The decrease in free cash flow is offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the change in accrued interest, that provided $87 million more cash during 2012 driven by collection of receivables and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Long-Term Debt
As of December 31, 2013, the accreted value of our total debt was approximately $14.2 billion, as summarized below (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2013 | | | | |
| | | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value (a) | | Semi-Annual Interest Payment Dates | | Maturity Date (b) |
| CCO Holdings, LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| 7.250% senior notes due 2017 | | $ | 1,000 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
| | 4/30 & 10/30 | | 10/30/2017 |
| 7.000% senior notes due 2019 | | 1,400 |
| | 1,393 |
| | 1/15 & 7/15 | | 1/15/2019 |
| 8.125% senior notes due 2020 | | 700 |
| | 700 |
| | 4/30 & 10/30 | | 4/30/2020 |
| 7.375% senior notes due 2020 | | 750 |
| | 750 |
| | 6/1 & 12/1 | | 6/1/2020 |
| 5.250% senior notes due 2021 | | 500 |
| | 500 |
| | 3/15 & 9/15 | | 3/15/2021 |
| 6.500% senior notes due 2021 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,500 |
| | 4/30 & 10/30 | | 4/30/2021 |
| 6.625% senior notes due 2022 | | 750 |
| | 747 |
| | 1/31 & 7/31 | | 1/31/2022 |
| 5.250% senior notes due 2022 | | 1,250 |
| | 1,239 |
| | 3/30 & 9/30 | | 9/30/2022 |
| 5.125% senior notes due 2023 | | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 2/15 & 8/15 | | 2/15/2023 |
| 5.750% senior notes due 2023 | | 500 |
| | 500 |
| | 3/1 & 9/1 | | 9/1/2023 |
| 5.750% senior notes due 2024 | | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 1/15 & 7/15 | | 1/15/2024 |
| Credit facility due 2014 | | 350 |
| | 342 |
| | | | 9/6/2014 |
| Charter Communications Operating, LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| Credit facilities | | 3,548 |
| | 3,510 |
| | | | Varies |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | $ | 14,248 |
| | $ | 14,181 |
| | | | |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year ended
December 31, 2016
compared to
year ended
December 31, 2015 | | Year ended
December 31, 2015
compared to
year ended
December 31, 2014 |
| Increase in Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 7,186 |
| | $ | 216 |
|
| (Increase) decrease in capital expenditures | (3,485 | ) | | 381 |
|
| Changes in working capital, excluding change in accrued interest, net of effects from acquisitions | 1,387 |
| | 9 |
|
| Increase in cash paid for interest, net | (1,602 | ) | | (196 | ) |
| Increase in merger and restructuring costs | (652 | ) | | (32 | ) |
| Other, net | (62 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| | $ | 2,772 |
| | $ | 376 |
|
| |
(a) | The accreted values presented above represent the principal amount of the debt less the original issue discount at the time of sale, plus the accretion to the balance sheet date. However, the amount that is currently payable if the debt becomes immediately due is equal to the principal amount of the debt. We have availability under our credit facilities of approximately $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2013.
|
| |
(b) | In general, the obligors have the right to redeem all of the notes set forth in the above table in whole or in part at their option, beginning at various times prior to their stated maturity dates, subject to certain conditions, upon the payment of the outstanding principal amount (plus a specified redemption premium) and all accrued and unpaid interest. For additional information see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” |
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our payment obligations as of December 31, 20132016 under our long-term debt and certain other contractual obligations and commitments (dollars in millions.)
| | | | | | Payments by Period | | | Payments by Period |
| | | | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 3-5 years | | More than 5 years | | | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 3-5 years | | More than 5 years |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Contractual Obligations (a) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-Term Debt Principal Payments (a) | Long-Term Debt Principal Payments (a) | | $ | 14,248 |
| | $ | 414 |
| | $ | 158 |
| | $ | 1,775 |
| | $ | 11,901 |
| Long-Term Debt Principal Payments (a) | | $ | 60,036 |
| | $ | 2,197 |
| | $ | 5,743 |
| | $ | 10,344 |
| | $ | 41,752 |
|
| Long-Term Debt Interest Payments (b) | Long-Term Debt Interest Payments (b) | | 5,877 |
| | 794 |
| | 1,575 |
| | 1,567 |
| | 1,941 |
| Long-Term Debt Interest Payments (b) | | 38,508 |
| | 3,275 |
| | 6,247 |
| | 5,314 |
| | 23,672 |
|
| Capital and Operating Lease Obligations (c) | Capital and Operating Lease Obligations (c) | | 136 |
| | 35 |
| | 56 |
| | 35 |
| | 10 |
| Capital and Operating Lease Obligations (c) | | 1,324 |
| | 259 |
| | 405 |
| | 250 |
| | 410 |
|
| Programming Minimum Commitments (d) | Programming Minimum Commitments (d) | | 970 |
| | 227 |
| | 475 |
| | 245 |
| | 23 |
| Programming Minimum Commitments (d) | | 310 |
| | 225 |
| | 63 |
| | 22 |
| | — |
|
| Other (e) | Other (e) | | 562 |
| | 535 |
| | 27 |
| | — |
| | — |
| Other (e) | | 13,187 |
| | 1,334 |
| | 1,514 |
| | 1,203 |
| | 9,136 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 113,365 |
| | $ | 7,290 |
| | $ | 13,972 |
| | $ | 17,133 |
| | $ | 74,970 |
|
| | Total | | $ | 21,793 |
| | $ | 2,005 |
| | $ | 2,291 |
| | $ | 3,622 |
| | $ | 13,875 |
| |
| |
(a) | The table presents maturities of long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2013.2016. Refer to Notes 89 and 1820 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Item“Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of our long-term debt and other contractual obligations and commitments. |
| |
(b) | Interest payments on variable debt are estimated using amounts outstanding at December 31, 20132016 and the average implied forward London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) rates applicable for the quarter during the interest rate reset based on the yield curve in effect at December 31, 20132016. Actual interest payments will differ based on actual LIBOR rates and actual amounts outstanding for applicable periods. |
| |
(c) | We lease certain facilities and equipment under noncancelable capital and operating leases. Leases and rental costs charged to expense for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, were $34215 million, $2849 million and $2743 million, respectively. |
| |
(d) | We pay programming fees under multi-year contracts ranging from three to ten years, typically based on a flat fee per customer, which may be fixed for the term, or may in some cases escalate over the term. Programming costs included in the accompanying statement of operations were approximately $2.1$7.0 billion,, $2.0 $2.7 billion and $1.9$2.5 billion,, for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively. Certain of our programming agreements are based on a flat fee per month or have guaranteed minimum payments. The table sets forth the aggregate guaranteed minimum commitments under our programming contracts. |
| |
(e) | “Other” represents other guaranteed minimum commitments, which consist primarily ofincluding rights negotiated directly with content owners for distribution on company-owned channels or networks and commitments related to our role as an advertising and distribution sales agent for third party-owned channels or networks as well as commitments to our customer premise equipment vendors. |
The following items are not included in the contractual obligations table because the obligations are not fixed and/or determinable due to various factors discussed below. However, we incur these costs as part of our operations:
We rent utility poles used in our operations. Generally, pole rentals are cancelable on short notice, but we anticipate that such rentals will recur. Rent expense incurred for pole rental attachments for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014 was $49115 million, $4753 million and $49 million, respectively.
We pay franchise fees under multi-year franchise agreements based on a percentage of revenues generated from video service per year. We also pay other franchise related costs, such as public education grants, under multi-year agreements. Franchise fees and other franchise-related costs included in the accompanying statement of operations were $190534 million, $176212 million and $174208 million for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively.
We also have $73278 million in letters of credit, of which $220 million is secured under the Charter Operating credit facility, primarily to our various worker’s compensation, property and casualty and general liability carriers as collateral for reimbursement of workers' compensation, auto liability and general liability claims.
Limitations on DistributionsMinimum pension funding requirements have not been presented in the table above as such amounts have not been determined beyond 2016. We made no cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in 2016; however, we are permitted to make discretionary cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in 2017. For the nonqualified pension plan, we contributed $5 million during 2016 and will continue to make contributions in 2017 to the extent benefits are paid.
Distributions by Charter’s subsidiaries toSee "Part I. Item 1. Business — Transaction-Related Commitments" for a parent company for paymentlisting of principal on parent company notes are restricted under indentures and credit facilities governing our indebtedness, unless there is no default under the applicable indenture and credit facilities, and unless each applicable subsidiary’s leverage ratio test is met at the time of such distribution. As of December 31, 2013, there was no default under any of these indentures or credit facilities and each subsidiary met its applicable leverage ratio tests based on December 31, 2013 financial results. Such distributions would be restricted, however, if any such subsidiary fails
to meet these tests at the timecommitments as a result of the contemplated distribution. In the past, certain subsidiaries have from time to time failed to meet their leverage ratio test. There can be no assurance that they will satisfy these tests at the time of the contemplated distribution. Distributions by Charter Operating for payment of principal on CCO Holdings' notes and credit facility are further restricted by the covenants in its credit facilities.
In addition to the limitation on distributions under the various indentures discussed above, distributions by our subsidiaries may be limited by applicable law, including the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, under which our subsidiaries may only make distributions if they have “surplus” as defined in the act.Transactions.
Historical Operating, Investing, and Financing Activities
Cash and Cash Equivalents. We held $21$1.5 billion and $5 million and $7 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 20132016 and 2012,2015, respectively. Additionally, we had $27 million ofWe also held $22.3 billion in restricted cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2012.2015 representing proceeds of debt raised to fund the cash portion of the TWC Transaction consideration that were held in escrow until consummation of the TWC Transaction.
Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $5.7 billion during the $282 millionyear from $1.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 20122016 compared to the year to $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013,2015, primarily due to an increase in Adjusted EBITDA of $164 million and a $141 million decrease$7.2 billion offset by an increase in our cash paid for interest, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the change in accrued interest and in liabilities related to capital expenditures, that provided $32 million less cash during 2013.net of $1.6 billion.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $139 million from $1.7remained flat at $2.4 billion for the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 to $1.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase is primarily due to changes in operating assets2015 and liabilities, excluding the change in accrued interest and in liabilities related to capital expenditures, that provided $131 million more cash during 2012 driven by collection of receivables and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.2014.
Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, was $2.4$11.3 billion,, $1.7 $17.0 billion and $1.4$9.3 billion,, respectively. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily represented the acquisitions of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House with long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents and an increase in capital expenditures of $3.5 billion as compared to 2015.
The increase in 20132015 compared to 20122014 is primarily due to $676 million cash paid for the Bresnan Acquisition (net of debt assumed) and higher capital expenditures. Thean increase in 2012 comparedthe investment of net proceeds from the issuance of the CCO Safari II notes, CCO Safari III credit facilities and CCOH Safari notes related to 2011 is primarily duethe TWC Transaction in long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents offset by a decrease in long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents upon repayment of the Term G Loans and CCOH Safari notes out of escrow related to higherthe Comcast Transactions and a decrease in capital expenditures.
Financing Activities. Net cash provided in financing activities was $299 million for the year ended December 31, 2013,$4.8 billion, $14.7 billion and net cash used in financing activities was $134 million and $373 million$6.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, respectively. Cash provided during the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily represented the issuance of $5 billion of equity to Liberty Broadband to fund a portion of the Transactions in 2016 offset by an increase in the purchase of treasury stock of $1.5 billion as compared to 2015.
The increase in cash provided during the year ended December 31, 20132015 as compared to the corresponding period in 2012,2014 was primarily the result of an increase in the amount by which borrowingsissuance of long-term debt offset repayments of long-term debtthe CCO Safari II notes, CCO Safari III credit facilities and an increase in proceeds from the exercise of options and warrants. The decrease in cash used during the year ended December 31, 2012 as comparedCCOH Safari notes related to the corresponding period in 2011, was primarily the result of decreases in purchases of treasury stockTWC Transaction offset by a decreasethe repayment of $7.1 billion of net proceeds held in escrow related to the amount by which borrowingsCCOH Safari notes and Term G Loans upon the termination of long-term debt offset repayments of long-term debt.the Comcast Transactions.
Capital Expenditures
We have significant ongoing capital expenditure requirements. Capital expenditures were $1.8$5.3 billion,, $1.7 $1.8 billion and $1.3$2.2 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, respectively. The increase related was driven by the Transactions. On a pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, the increase for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared
to the corresponding prior period was driven by higher residentialproduct development investments, transition capital expenditures incurred in connection with the Transactions and commercial customer growth as well as higher set-top box placement in existing homes and expenditures for back-office support and for real estate related to our organizational realignment, and the acquisition of Bresnan.capital investments. See the table below for more details.
During 2014, we currently expect capital expenditures to be approximately $2.2 billion. We anticipate 2014 capital expenditures to be driven by our all-digital transition including the deployment of additional set-top boxes in new and existing customer homes, growth in our commercial business, and further spend related to our efforts to insource our service operations as well as product development. The actual amount of our capital expenditures in 2017 will depend on a number of factors, including the pace of transition planning to service a larger customer base as a result of the Transactions, our all-digital transition in the Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House markets and growth rates of both our residential and commercial businesses, and the pace at which we progress to all-digital transmission, which we anticipate will comprise approximately $400 million of 2014 capital expenditures.businesses.
Our capital expenditures are funded primarily from cash flows from operating activities and borrowings on our credit facility. In addition, our liabilities related to capital expenditures increased by $76$603 million,, $13 $28 million and $57$33 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011,2014, respectively.
The following table presentstables present our major capital expenditures categories on an actual and pro forma basis, assuming the Transactions occurred as of January 1, 2015, in accordance with NCTANational Cable and Telecommunications Association (“NCTA”) disclosure guidelines for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011.2014. The disclosure is intended to provide more consistency in the reporting of capital expenditures among peer companies in the cable industry. These disclosure guidelines are not required disclosures under GAAP, nor do they impact our accounting for capital expenditures under GAAP (dollars in millions):
| | | | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Actual | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Customer premise equipment (a) | $ | 841 |
| | $ | 795 |
| | $ | 585 |
| $ | 1,864 |
| | $ | 582 |
| | $ | 1,082 |
|
| Scalable infrastructure (b) | 352 |
| | 387 |
| | 347 |
| 1,390 |
| | 523 |
| | 455 |
|
| Line extensions (c) | 219 |
| | 192 |
| | 117 |
| 721 |
| | 194 |
| | 176 |
|
| Upgrade/rebuild (d) | 183 |
| | 212 |
| | 130 |
| 456 |
| | 128 |
| | 167 |
|
| Support capital (e) | 230 |
| | 159 |
| | 132 |
| 894 |
| | 413 |
| | 341 |
|
| Total capital expenditures | | $ | 5,325 |
| | $ | 1,840 |
| | $ | 2,221 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total capital expenditures (f) | $ | 1,825 |
| | $ | 1,745 |
| | $ | 1,311 |
| |
| Capital expenditures included in total related to: | | | | | | |
| Commercial services | | $ | 824 |
| | $ | 260 |
| | $ | 242 |
|
| Transition (f) | | $ | 460 |
| | $ | 115 |
| | $ | 27 |
|
| All-digital transition | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 410 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | | Year ended December 31, | | |
| Pro Forma | | 2016 | | 2015 | | |
| Customer premise equipment (a) | | $ | 2,761 |
| | $ | 2,650 |
| | |
| Scalable infrastructure (b) | | 2,009 |
| | 1,702 |
| | |
| Line extensions (c) | | 1,005 |
| | 977 |
| | |
| Upgrade/rebuild (d) | | 610 |
| | 594 |
| | |
| Support capital (e) | | 1,160 |
| | 1,046 |
| | |
| Total capital expenditures | | $ | 7,545 |
| | $ | 6,969 |
| | |
| |
| (a) | Customer premise equipment includes costs incurred at the customer residence to secure new customers and revenue generating units, includingunits. It also includes customer installation costs and customer premise equipment (e.g., set-top boxes and cable modems). |
| |
| (b) | Scalable infrastructure includes costs not related to customer premise equipment, to secure growth of new customers and revenue generating units, or provide service enhancements (e.g., headend equipment). |
| |
| (c) | Line extensions include network costs associated with entering new service areas (e.g., fiber/coaxial cable, amplifiers, electronic equipment, make-ready and design engineering). |
| |
| (d) | Upgrade/rebuild includes costs to modify or replace existing fiber/coaxial cable networks, including betterments. |
| |
| (e) | Support capital includes costs associated with the replacement or enhancement of non-network assets due to technological and physical obsolescence (e.g., non-network equipment, land, buildings and vehicles). |
| |
| (f) | Total capital expenditures include $319 million, $269 millionTransition represents incremental costs incurred to integrate the Legacy TWC and $195 million of capital expenditures relatedLegacy Bright House operations and to commercial services forbring the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012three companies’ systems and 2011, respectively.
processes into a uniform operating structure. |
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2013 presentation.
Description of Our Outstanding Debt
Overview
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012,2016, the blended weighted average interest rate on our debt was 5.6% and 6.0%, respectively. The interest rate on approximately 84% and 87% of the total principal amount of our debt was effectively fixed, including the effects of our interest rate hedge agreements as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The fairaccreted value of our high-yield notestotal debt was $10.4approximately $61.7 billion, and $9.9 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The fair value of our credit facilities was $3.8 billion and $3.7 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The fair value of our high-yield notes and credit facilities were based on quoted market prices. as summarized below (dollars in millions):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2016 | | | | |
| | | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value (a) | | Interest Payment Dates | | Maturity Date (b) |
| CCO Holdings, LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| 5.250% senior notes due 2021 | | $ | 500 |
| | $ | 496 |
| | 3/15 & 9/15 | | 3/15/2021 |
| 6.625% senior notes due 2022 | | 750 |
| | 741 |
| | 1/31 & 7/31 | | 1/31/2022 |
| 5.250% senior notes due 2022 | | 1,250 |
| | 1,232 |
| | 3/30 & 9/30 | | 9/30/2022 |
| 5.125% senior notes due 2023 | | 1,000 |
| | 992 |
| | 2/15 & 8/15 | | 2/15/2023 |
| 5.125% senior notes due 2023 | | 1,150 |
| | 1,141 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2023 |
| 5.750% senior notes due 2023 | | 500 |
| | 496 |
| | 3/1 & 9/1 | | 9/1/2023 |
| 5.750% senior notes due 2024 | | 1,000 |
| | 991 |
| | 1/15 & 7/15 | | 1/15/2024 |
| 5.875% senior notes due 2024 | | 1,700 |
| | 1,685 |
| | 4/1 & 10/1 | | 4/1/2024 |
| 5.375% senior notes due 2025 | | 750 |
| | 744 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2025 |
| 5.750% senior notes due 2026 | | 2,500 |
| | 2,460 |
| | 2/15 & 8/15 | | 2/15/2026 |
| 5.500% senior notes due 2026 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,487 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2026 |
| 5.875% senior notes due 2027 | | 800 |
| | 794 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2027 |
| Charter Communications Operating, LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| 3.579% senior notes due 2020 | | 2,000 |
| | 1,983 |
| | 1/23 & 7/23 | | 7/23/2020 |
| 4.464% senior notes due 2022 | | 3,000 |
| | 2,973 |
| | 1/23 & 7/23 | | 7/23/2022 |
| 4.908% senior notes due 2025 | | 4,500 |
| | 4,458 |
| | 1/23 & 7/23 | | 7/23/2025 |
| 6.384% senior notes due 2035 | | 2,000 |
| | 1,980 |
| | 4/23 & 10/23 | | 10/23/2035 |
| 6.484% senior notes due 2045 | | 3,500 |
| | 3,466 |
| | 4/23 & 10/23 | | 10/23/2045 |
| 6.834% senior notes due 2055 | | 500 |
| | 495 |
| | 4/23 & 10/23 | | 10/23/2055 |
| Credit facilities | | 8,916 |
| | 8,814 |
| | | | Varies |
| Time Warner Cable, LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| 5.850% senior notes due 2017 | | 2,000 |
| | 2,028 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2017 |
| 6.750% senior notes due 2018 | | 2,000 |
| | 2,135 |
| | 1/1 & 7/1 | | 7/1/2018 |
| 8.750% senior notes due 2019 | | 1,250 |
| | 1,412 |
| | 2/14 & 8/14 | | 2/14/2019 |
| 8.250% senior notes due 2019 | | 2,000 |
| | 2,264 |
| | 4/1 & 10/1 | | 4/1/2019 |
| 5.000% senior notes due 2020 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,615 |
| | 2/1 & 8/1 | | 2/1/2020 |
| 4.125% senior notes due 2021 | | 700 |
| | 739 |
| | 2/15 & 8/15 | | 2/15/2021 |
| 4.000% senior notes due 2021 | | 1,000 |
| | 1,056 |
| | 3/1 & 9/1 | | 9/1/2021 |
5.750% sterling senior notes due 2031 (c) | | 770 |
| | 834 |
| | 6/2 | | 6/2/2031 |
| 6.550% senior debentures due 2037 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,691 |
| | 5/1 & 11/1 | | 5/1/2037 |
| 7.300% senior debentures due 2038 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,795 |
| | 1/1 & 7/1 | | 7/1/2038 |
| 6.750% senior debentures due 2039 | | 1,500 |
| | 1,730 |
| | 6/15 & 12/15 | | 6/15/2039 |
| 5.875% senior debentures due 2040 | | 1,200 |
| | 1,259 |
| | 5/15 & 11/15 | | 11/15/2040 |
| 5.500% senior debentures due 2041 | | 1,250 |
| | 1,258 |
| | 3/1 & 9/1 | | 9/1/2041 |
5.250% sterling senior notes due 2042 (d) | | 800 |
| | 771 |
| | 7/15 | | 7/15/2042 |
| 4.500% senior debentures due 2042 | | 1,250 |
| | 1,135 |
| | 3/15 & 9/15 | | 9/15/2042 |
| Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC: | | | | | | | | |
| 8.375% senior debentures due 2023 | | 1,000 |
| | 1,273 |
| | 3/15 & 9/15 | | 3/15/2023 |
| 8.375% senior debentures due 2033 | | 1,000 |
| | 1,324 |
| | 7/15 & 1/15 | | 7/15/2033 |
| | | $ | 60,036 |
| | $ | 61,747 |
| | | | |
The following description is a summary
| |
(a) | The accreted values presented in the table above represent the principal amount of the debt less the original issue discount at the time of sale, deferred financing costs, and, (i) in regards to the Legacy TWC debt assumed, a fair value premium adjustment as a result of applying acquisition accounting plus/minus the accretion of those amounts to the balance sheet date and (ii) in regards to the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”), a remeasurement of the principal amount of the debt and any premium or discount into US dollars as of the balance sheet date. However, the amount that is currently payable if the debt becomes immediately due is equal to the principal amount of the debt. We have availability under our credit facilities of approximately $2.8 billion as of December 31, 2016. |
| |
(b) | In general, the obligors have the right to redeem all of the notes set forth in the above table in whole or in part at their option, beginning at various times prior to their stated maturity dates, subject to certain conditions, upon the payment of the outstanding principal amount (plus a specified redemption premium) and all accrued and unpaid interest. For additional information see “Description of our Outstanding Debt” below. |
| |
(c) | Principal amount includes £625 million valued at $770 million as of December 31, 2016 using the exchange rate as of December 31, 2016. |
| |
(d) | Principal amount includes £650 million valued at $800 million as of December 31, 2016 using the exchange rate aas of December 31, 2016. |
See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further details regarding our outstanding debt and other financing arrangements, including certain provisions of our credit facilitiesinformation about maturities, covenants and our notes (the “Debt Agreements”). The summary does not restate the terms of the Debt Agreements in their entirety, nor does it describe all terms of the Debt Agreements.restrictions related to such debt and financing arrangements. The agreements and instruments governing each of the Debt Agreementsour debt and financing arrangements are complicated and you should consult such agreements and instruments which are filed with the SEC for more detailed information regarding the Debt Agreements.information.
Credit Facilities – General
CCO Holdings Credit Facility
CCO Holdings' credit agreement (the “CCO Holdings credit facility”) consists of a $350 million term loan facility. The facility matures in September 2014. Borrowings under the CCO Holdings credit facility bear interest at a variable interest rate based on either LIBOR or a base rate plus, in either case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin for LIBOR term loans is 2.50% above LIBOR. If an event of default were to occur, CCO Holdings would not be able to elect LIBOR and would have to pay interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin. The CCO Holdings credit facility is secured by the equity interests of Charter Operating, and all proceeds thereof.
Charter Operating Credit Facilities
The Charter Operating credit facilities have an outstanding principal amount of $3.5 billion at At December 31, 2013 as follows:
A term loan A with a remaining principal amount of $722 million, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $38 million in 2014 and 2015, $66 million in 2016, and $75 million in 2017, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on April 22, 2018;
A term loan E with a remaining principal amount of approximately $1.5 billion, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $15 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on July 1, 2020;
A term loan F with a remaining principal amount of approximately $1.2 billion, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $12 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on January 3, 2021; and
A revolving loan with an outstanding balance of $140 million at December 31, 2013 and allowing for borrowings of up to $1.3 billion, maturing on April 22, 2018.
Amounts outstanding under the Charter Operating credit facilities bear interest, at Charter Operating’s election, at a base rate or LIBOR, as defined, plus a margin. The applicable LIBOR margin for the term A loan and revolver is currently 2.00%. The term E and F loans bear interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%, with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%. Charter Operating pays interest equal to LIBOR plus 2.00% on amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility and pays a revolving commitment fee of 0.30% per annum on the daily average available amount of the revolving commitment, payable quarterly.
The Charter Operating credit facilities also allow us to enter into incremental term loans in the future, with amortization as set forth in the notices establishing such term loans. Although the Charter Operating credit facilities allow for the incurrence of a certain amount of incremental term loans subject to pro-forma compliance with its financial maintenance covenants, no assurance can be given that we could obtain additional incremental term loans in the future if Charter Operating sought to do so or what amount of incremental term loans would be allowable at any given time under the terms of the Charter Operating credit facilities.
The obligations of Charter Operating under the Charter Operating credit facilities (the “Obligations”) are guaranteed by Charter Operating’s immediate parent company, CCO Holdings, and subsidiaries of Charter Operating. The Obligations are also secured by (i) a lien on substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating and its subsidiaries, to the extent such lien can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement, and (ii) a pledge by CCO Holdings of the equity interests owned by it in Charter Operating or any of Charter Operating’s subsidiaries, as well as intercompany obligations owing to it by any of such entities.
Credit Facilities — Restrictive Covenants
CCO Holdings Credit Facility
The CCO Holdings credit facility contains covenants that are substantially similar to the restrictive covenants for the CCO Holdings notes except that the leverage ratio is 5.5 to 1.0. See “—Summary of Restricted Covenants of Our Notes.” Any failure to maintain the leverage ratio under the CCO Holdings credit facility is not an event of default but would negatively impact CCO Holdings' ability to incur additional debt or make distributions to its parent. At December 31, 2013, CCO Holdings' leverage ratio was approximately 4.5 to 1.0 for purposes of the CCO Holdings credit facility. The CCO Holdings credit facility contains provisions requiring mandatory loan prepayments under specific circumstances, including in connection with certain sales of assets, so long as the proceeds have not been reinvested in the business. The CCO Holdings credit facility permits CCO Holdings and its subsidiaries to make distributions to pay interest on the CCO Holdings notes and the Charter Operating credit facilities provided that, among other things, no default has occurred and is continuing under the CCO Holdings credit facility.
Charter Operating Credit Facilities
The Charter Operating credit facilities contain representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type. The financial covenants measure performance against standards set for leverage to be tested as of the end of each quarter. The Charter Operating credit facilities contain provisions requiring mandatory loan prepayments under specific circumstances, including in connection with certain sales of assets, so long as the proceeds have not been reinvested in the business. Additionally, the Charter Operating credit facilities provisions contain an allowance for restricted payments so long as the consolidated leverage ratio is no greater than 3.5 after giving pro forma effect to such restricted payment. The Charter Operating credit facilities permit Charter Operating and its subsidiaries to make distributions to pay interest on the currently outstanding
subordinated and parent company indebtedness, provided that, among other things, no default has occurred and is continuing under the Charter Operating credit facilities.
The events of default under the Charter Operating credit facilities include, among other things:
the failure to make payments when due or within the applicable grace period;
the failure to comply with specified covenants including the covenant to maintain the consolidated leverage ratio at or below 5.0 to 1.0 and the consolidated first lien leverage ratio at or below 4.0 to 1.0;
the failure to pay or the occurrence of events that cause or permit the acceleration of other indebtedness owing by CCO Holdings, Charter Operating, or Charter Operating’s subsidiaries in aggregate principal amounts in excess of $100 million; and
similar to provisions contained in the CCO Holdings notes and credit facility, the consummation of any change of control transaction resulting in any person or group having power, directly or indirectly, to vote more than 50% of the ordinary voting power for the management of Charter Operating on a fully diluted basis and the occurrence of a ratings event including a downgrade in the corporate family rating during a ratings decline period.
At December 31, 2013, Charter Operating had a consolidated leverage ratio of approximately 1.32.8 to 1.0 and a consolidated first lien leverage ratio of 1.12.7 to 1.0. Both ratios are in compliance with the ratios required by the Charter Operating credit facilities.facilities of 5.0 to 1.0 consolidated leverage ratio and 4.0 to 1.0 consolidated first lien leverage ratio. A failure by Charter Operating to maintain the financial covenants would result in an event of default under the Charter Operating credit facilities and the debt of CCO Holdings. See “- Cross Acceleration” and “Risk“Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors -— The agreements and instruments governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly affect our ability to operate our business, as well as significantly affect our liquidity."”
CCO Holdings Notes
The CCO Holdings notes are senior debt obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. Such notes are guaranteed by Charter. They rank equally with all other current and future unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. They are structurally subordinated to all obligations of subsidiaries of CCO Holdings, including the Charter Operating credit facilities.
Redemption Provisions of Our Notes
The various notes issued by our subsidiaries included in the table may be redeemed in accordance with the following table or are not redeemable until maturity as indicated:
|
| | | | |
Note Series | | Redemption Dates | | Percentage of Principal |
| | | | |
7.250% senior notes due 2017 | | October 30, 2013 – October 29, 2014 | | 105.438% |
| | October 30, 2014 – October 29, 2015 | | 103.625% |
| | October 30, 2015 – October 29, 2016 | | 101.813% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
7.000% senior notes due 2019 | | January 15, 2014 – January 14, 2015 | | 105.250% |
| | January 15, 2015 – January 14, 2016 | | 103.500% |
| | January 15, 2016 – January 14, 2017 | | 101.750% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
8.125% senior notes due 2020 | | April 30, 2015 – April 29, 2016 | | 104.063% |
| | April 30, 2016 – April 29, 2017 | | 102.708% |
| | April 30, 2017 – April 29, 2018 | | 101.354% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
7.375% senior notes due 2020 | | December 1, 2015 – November 30, 2016 | | 103.688% |
| | December 1, 2016 – November 30, 2017 | | 101.844% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
5.250% senior notes due 2021 | | March 15, 2016 – March 14, 2017 | | 103.938% |
| | March 15, 2017 – March 14, 2018 | | 102.625% |
| | March 15, 2018 – March 14, 2019 | | 101.313% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
6.500% senior notes due 2021 | | April 30, 2015 – April 29, 2016 | | 104.875% |
| | April 30, 2016 – April 29, 2017 | | 103.250% |
| | April 30, 2017 – April 29, 2018 | | 101.625% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
6.625% senior notes due 2022 | | January 31, 2017 – January 30, 2018 | | 103.313% |
| | January 31, 2018 – January 30, 2019 | | 102.208% |
| | January 31, 2019 – January 30, 2020 | | 101.104% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
5.250% senior notes due 2022 | | September 30, 2017 – September 29, 2018 | | 102.625% |
| | September 30, 2018 – September 29, 2019 | | 101.750% |
| | September 30, 2019 – September 29, 2020 | | 100.875% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
5.125% senior notes due 2023 | | February 15, 2018 – February 14, 2019 | | 102.563% |
| | February 15, 2019 – February 14, 2020 | | 101.708% |
| | February 15, 2020 – February 14, 2021 | | 100.854% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
5.750% senior notes due 2023 | | March 1, 2018 – February 28, 2019 | | 102.875% |
| | March 1, 2019 – February 29, 2020 | | 101.917% |
| | March 1, 2020 – February 28, 2021 | | 100.958% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
5.750% senior notes due 2024 | | July 15, 2018 – July 14, 2019 | | 102.875% |
| | July 15, 2019 – July 14, 2020 | | 101.917% |
| | July 15, 2020 – July 14, 2021 | | 100.958% |
| | Thereafter | | 100.000% |
In the event that a specified change of control event occurs, each of the respective issuers of the notes must offer to repurchase any then outstanding notes at 101% of their principal amount or accrued value, as applicable, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
Summary of Restrictive Covenants of Our Notes
The following description is a summary of certain restrictions of our Debt Agreements. The summary does not restate the terms of the Debt Agreements in their entirety, nor does it describe all restrictions of the Debt Agreements. The agreements and instruments governing each of the notes issued are complicated and you should consult such agreements and instruments for more detailed information regarding the notes issued.
The notes issued by CCO Holdings (the “note issuer”) were issued pursuant to indentures that contain covenants that restrict the ability of the note issuer and its subsidiaries to, among other things:
incur indebtedness;
pay dividends or make distributions in respect of capital stock and other restricted payments;
issue equity;
make investments;
create liens;
sell assets;
consolidate, merge, or sell all or substantially all assets;
enter into sale leaseback transactions;
create restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make certain payments; or
enter into transactions with affiliates.
However, such covenants are subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. Below we set forth a brief summary of certain of the restrictive covenants.
Restrictions on Additional Debt
The limitations on incurrence of debt and issuance of preferred stock contained in various indentures permit the note issuer and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional debt or issue preferred stock, so long as, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence, the leverage ratio would be below a specified level for the note issuer. The leverage ratios under our notes for CCO Holdings is 6.0 to 1.
In addition, regardless of whether the leverage ratio could be met, so long as no default exists or would result from the incurrence or issuance, the note issuer and its restricted subsidiaries are permitted to issue among other permitted indebtedness:
up to $1.5 billion of debt under credit facilities not otherwise allocated
up to the greater of $300 million and 5% of consolidated net tangible assets to finance the purchase or capital lease of new assets;
up to the greater of $300 million and 5% of consolidated net tangible assets of additional debt for any purpose; and
other items of indebtedness for specific purposes such as intercompany debt, refinancing of existing debt, and interest rate swaps to provide protection against fluctuation in interest rates.
Indebtedness under a single facility or agreement may be incurred in part under one of the categories listed above and in part under another, and generally may also later be reclassified into another category including as debt incurred under the leverage ratio. Accordingly, indebtedness under our credit facilities may be incurred under a combination of the categories of permitted indebtedness listed above. The restricted subsidiaries of the note issuer are generally not permitted to issue subordinated debt securities.
Restrictions on Distributions
Generally, under the various indentures, CCO Holdings and its respective restricted subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends on or repurchase equity interests, or make other specified restricted payments, only if it can incur $1.00 of new debt under the 6.0 to 1.0 leverage ratio test after giving effect to the transaction and if no default exists or would exist as a consequence of such incurrence. If those conditions are met, restricted payments may be made in a total amount of up to the sum of 100% of CCO Holdings’ Consolidated EBITDA, as defined, minus 1.3 times its Consolidated Interest Expense, as defined, cumulatively from
April 1, 2010, plus 100% of new cash and appraised non-cash equity proceeds received by CCO Holdings and not allocated to certain investments, cumulatively from the issue date, plus $2 billion.
In addition, CCO Holdings may make distributions or restricted payments, so long as no default exists or would be caused by transactions among other distributions or restricted payments:
to repurchase management equity interests in amounts not to exceed $10 million per fiscal year;
to pay pass-through tax liabilities in respect of ownership of equity interests in the applicable issuer or its restricted subsidiaries; or
to make other specified restricted payments including merger fees up to 1.25% of the transaction value, repurchases using concurrent new issuances, and certain dividends on existing subsidiary preferred equity interests.
Restrictions on Investments
CCO Holdings and its respective restricted subsidiaries may not make investments except (i) permitted investments or (ii) if, after giving effect to the transaction, their leverage would be above the applicable leverage ratio.
Permitted investments include, among others:
investments in and generally among restricted subsidiaries or by restricted subsidiaries in the applicable issuer;
investments aggregating up to $750 million at any time outstanding.
investments aggregating up to 100% of new cash equity proceeds received by CCO Holdings since the issue date to the extent the proceeds have not been allocated to the restricted payments covenant.
Restrictions on Liens
The restrictions on liens for CCO Holdings only applies to liens on assets of the issuer itself and does not restrict liens on assets of subsidiaries. Permitted liens include liens securing indebtedness and other obligations under credit facilities, liens securing the purchase price of financed new assets, liens securing indebtedness of up to the greater of $50 million and 1.0% of consolidated net tangible assets and other specified liens.
Restrictions on the Sale of Assets; Mergers
CCO Holdings is generally not permitted to sell all or substantially all of its assets or merge with or into other companies unless its leverage ratio after any such transaction would be no greater than its leverage ratio immediately prior to the transaction, or unless after giving effect to the transaction, leverage would be below 6.0 to 1.0, no default exists, and the surviving entity is a U.S. entity that assumes the applicable notes.
CCO Holdings and its restricted subsidiaries may generally not otherwise sell assets or, in the case of restricted subsidiaries, issue equity interests, in excess of $100 million unless they receive consideration at least equal to the fair market value of the assets or equity interests, consisting of at least 75% in cash, assumption of liabilities, securities converted into cash within 60 days, or productive assets. CCO Holdings and its restricted subsidiaries are then required within 365 days after any asset sale either to use or commit to use the net cash proceeds over a specified threshold to acquire assets used or useful in their businesses or use the net cash proceeds to repay specified debt, or to offer to repurchase the issuer’s notes with any remaining proceeds.
Restrictions on Sale and Leaseback Transactions
The note issuer and its restricted subsidiaries may generally not engage in sale and leaseback transactions unless, at the time of the transaction, the note issuer could have incurred secured indebtedness under its leverage ratio test in an amount equal to the present value of the net rental payments to be made under the lease, and the sale of the assets and application of proceeds is permitted by the covenant restricting asset sales.
Prohibitions on Restricting Dividends
The note issuer's restricted subsidiaries may generally not enter into arrangements involving restrictions on their ability to make dividends or distributions or transfer assets to the note issuer unless those restrictions with respect to financing arrangements are on terms that are no more restrictive than those governing the credit facilities existing when they entered into the applicable indentures or are not materially more restrictive than customary terms in comparable financings and will not materially impair the note issuer's ability to make payments on the notes.
Affiliate Transactions
The indentures also restrict the ability of CCO Holdings and its restricted subsidiaries to enter into certain transactions with affiliates involving consideration in excess of $25 million without a determination by the board of directors that the transaction complies with this covenant, or transactions with affiliates involving over $100 million without receiving an opinion as to the fairness to the holders of such transaction from a financial point of view issued by an accounting, appraisal or investment banking firm of national standing.
Cross Acceleration
The indentures of CCO Holdings include various events of default, including cross acceleration provisions. Under these provisions, a failure by the note issuer or any of its restricted subsidiaries to pay at the final maturity thereof the principal amount of other indebtedness having a principal amount of $100 million or more (or any other default under any such indebtedness resulting in its acceleration) would result in an event of default under the indenture governing the applicable notes. As a result, an event of default related to the failure to repay principal at maturity or the acceleration of the indebtedness under the CCO Holdings notes, CCO Holdings credit facility or the Charter Operating credit facilities could cause cross-defaults under all of CCO Holdings' indentures.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2013,See Note 22 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Accounting Standards Board's Emerging Issues Task Force reached a final consensus on Issue 13-C, Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit when a Net Operating Loss or Tax Credit Carryforward Exists ("Issue 13-C"). Issue 13-C states that entities should present the unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of the deferred tax assetStatements and Supplementary Data” for a net operating loss or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward rather than as a liability when the uncertain tax position would reduce the net operating loss or other carryforward under the tax law. Issue 13-C requires prospective application (includingdiscussion of recently issued accounting for uncertain tax positions that exist upon date of adoption) with optional retrospective application and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted Issue 13-C in the second quarter of 2013 and applied it retrospectively.standards.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposeduse derivative instruments to various market risks, including fluctuations in interest rates. We have usedmanage interest rate swap agreementsrisk on variable debt and foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Interest rate derivative instruments are used to manage our interest costs and to reduce our exposure to increases in floating interest rates. We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable ratevariable-rate debt. Using interest rate swap agreements,derivative instruments, we agree to exchange, at specified intervals through 2017, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to agreed-upon notional principal amounts.
AsUpon closing of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the TWC Transaction, we assumed cross-currency derivative instruments. Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of ourfixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, was approximately $14.2 billionincluding annual interest payments and $12.9 billion, respectively. the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency derivative instruments have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. We are required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when such instruments are in a liability position. In May 2016, we entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 80% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years. For more information, see Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements contained in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
As of December 31, 20132016 and 2012,2015, the weighted average interest rate on the credit facility debt, including the effects of our interest rate swap agreements, was approximately 3.6%2.9% and 4.2%3.3%, respectively, and the weighted average interest rate on the high-yieldsenior notes was approximately 6.4%5.9% and 6.7%5.5%, respectively, resulting in a blended weighted average interest rate of 5.6%5.4% and 6.0%5.1%, respectively. The interest rate on approximately 84%87% and 87%83% of the total principal amount of our debt was effectively fixed, including the effects of our interest rate swap agreements, as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015, respectively.
We do not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. We, until de-designating in the first quarter of 2013, had certain interest rate derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedging instruments for GAAP purposes. Such instruments effectively converted variable interest payments on certain debt instruments into fixed payments. For qualifying hedges, realized derivative gains and losses offset related results on hedged items in the consolidated statements of operations. We formally documented, designated and assessed the effectiveness of transactions that received hedge accounting.
Changes in the fair value of interest rate derivative instruments that were designated as hedging instruments of the variability of cash flows associated with floating-rate debt obligations, and that met effectiveness criteria were reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The amounts were subsequently reclassified as an increase or decrease to interest expense in the same periods in which the related interest on the floating-rate debt obligations affected earnings (losses). For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, gains of $7 million and losses of $10 million and $8 million, respectively, related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, were recorded in other comprehensive loss.
Due to repayment of variable rate credit facility debt without a LIBOR floor, certain interest rate derivative instruments were de-designated as cash flow hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as they no longer met the criteria for cash flow hedging specified by GAAP. In addition, on March 31, 2013, the remaining interest rate derivative instruments that continued to be highly effective cash flow hedges for GAAP purposes were electively de-designated. On the date of de-designation, we completed a final measurement test for each interest rate derivative instrument to determine any ineffectiveness and such amount was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into gain on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2013, a loss of $27 million related to the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings as a result of cash flow hedge discontinuance was recorded in gain on derivative instruments, net. While these interest rate derivative instruments are no longer designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, management continues to believe such instruments are closely correlated with the respective debt, thus managing associated risk. Interest rate derivative instruments not designated as hedges are marked to fair value, with the impact recorded as a gain or loss on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2013, gains of $38 million related to the change in fair value of interest rate derivative instruments not designated as cash flow hedges was recorded in gain on derivative instruments, net. The balance that remains in accumulated other comprehensive loss for these interest rate derivative instruments will be amortized over the respective lives of the contracts and recorded as a loss within gain on derivative instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations. The net amount of existing losses that are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2013 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months is approximately $19 million.
The table set forth below summarizes the fair values and contract terms of financial instruments subject to interest rate risk maintained by us as of December 31, 20132016 (dollars in millions):
| | | | | 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | Thereafter | | Total | | Fair Value at December 31, 2013 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | Thereafter | | Total | | Fair Value |
| Debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fixed Rate | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,000 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 9,350 |
| | $ | 10,350 |
| | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 2,000 |
| | $ | 2,000 |
| | $ | 3,250 |
| | $ | 3,500 |
| | $ | 2,200 |
| | $ | 38,170 |
| | $ | 51,120 |
| | $ | 55,203 |
|
| Average Interest Rate | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | 7.25 | % | | — | % | | 6.28 | % | | 6.37 | % | | | | 5.85 | % | | 6.75 | % | | 8.44 | % | | 4.19 | % | | 4.32 | % | | 5.84 | % | | 5.86 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Variable Rate | | $ | 414 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 93 |
| | $ | 102 |
| | $ | 673 |
| | $ | 2,551 |
| | $ | 3,898 |
| | $ | 3,848 |
| | $ | 197 |
| | $ | 197 |
| | $ | 296 |
| | $ | 1,716 |
| | $ | 2,928 |
| | $ | 3,582 |
| | $ | 8,916 |
| | $ | 8,943 |
|
| Average Interest Rate | | 2.80 | % | | 2.86 | % | | 3.84 | % | | 4.97 | % | | 5.67 | % | | 6.83 | % | | 6.01 | % | | | | 3.15 | % | | 3.66 | % | | 3.96 | % | | 4.49 | % | | 4.37 | % | | 4.81 | % | | 4.51 | % | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest Rate Instruments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Variable to Fixed Rate | | $ | 800 |
| | $ | 300 |
| | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 850 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,200 |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 850 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 850 |
| | $ | 5 |
|
| Average Pay Rate | | 4.65 | % | | 4.99 | % | | 3.89 | % | | 3.84 | % | | — | % | | — | % | | 4.30 | % | | | | 3.84 | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | 3.84 | % | | |
| Average Receive Rate | | 2.55 | % | | 2.75 | % | | 4.47 | % | | 5.48 | % | | — | % | | — | % | | 3.93 | % | | | | 3.70 | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | — | % | | 3.70 | % | | |
AtAs of December 31, 20132016, we had $2.2 billion850 million in notional amounts of interest rate swapsderivative instruments outstanding. This includes $550 million in delayed start interest rate swaps that become effective in March 2014 through March 2015. In any future quarter in which a portion of these delayed start hedges first becomes effective, an equal or greater notional amount of the currently effective swaps are scheduled to mature. Therefore, the $1.7 billion notional amount of currently effective interest rate swaps will gradually step down over time as current swaps mature and an equal or lesser amount of delayed start swaps become effective.
The notional amounts of interest rate derivative instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of our exposure to credit loss. The amounts exchanged are determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the contracts.
The estimated fair value of the interest rate derivative instruments is determined using a present value calculation based on an implied forward LIBOR curve (adjusted for Charter Operating’s or counterparties’ credit risk). Interest rates on variablevariable-rate debt are estimated using the average implied forward LIBOR for the year of maturity based on the yield curve in effect at December 31, 20132016 including applicable bank spread.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Our consolidated financial statements, the related notes thereto, and the reports of independent accountants are included in this annual report beginning on page F-1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures with respect to the information generated for use in this annual report. The evaluation was based in part upon reports and certifications provided by a number of executives. Based upon,on, and as of the date of that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurances that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the above evaluation, we believe that our controls provide such reasonable assurances.
ThereOn May 18, 2016, we completed the Transactions and as a result, we have incorporated internal controls over significant processes specific to the Transactions and to activities post-Transactions that we believe to be appropriate and necessary in consideration of the related integration, including controls associated with the Transactions for the valuations of certain Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House assets and liabilities assumed, as well as adoption of common financial reporting and internal control practices for
the combined company. In October 2016, Legacy TWC was converted to the Legacy Charter's enterprise resource planning system which resulted in significant changes to the nature and type of internal controls for the most recent fiscal quarter. As we further integrate Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House, we will continue to validate the effectiveness and integration of internal controls.
Except as described above in the preceding paragraph, during the quarter ended December 31, 2016, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for the Company. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to Charter’sour management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of 2013December 31, 2016. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (1992)(2013). As permitted by guidance issued by the SEC, we have excluded from the scope of our assessment of internal control over financial reporting the operations and related assets of Legacy Bright House. As of December 31, 2016 and for the period from acquisition through December 31, 2016, both total assets and revenues subject to Bright House’s internal control over financial reporting represented 9% of our consolidated total assets (including goodwill, intangibles and property, plant and equipment acquired in the Bright House Transaction and included within the scope of the assessment) and total revenues as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Based on management’s assessment utilizing these criteria we believe that, as of 2013December 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
We acquired Bresnan in July 2013. As permitted by SEC guidance, management excluded these acquired companies from its assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In total, Bresnan represented 10% and 3% of our total assets and total revenues, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013. Excluding identifiable intangible assets and goodwill recorded in the business combination, Bresnan represented 3% of our total assets as of December 31, 2013.
Our independent auditors, KPMG LLP, have audited our internal control over financial reporting as stated in their report on page F-2.
Item 9B. Other Information.
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act
Our former principal stockholder, through its management company, Apollo Global Management, LLC (“Apollo”) provided notice to Charter on October 29, 2013, that certain investment funds managed by affiliates of Apollo may be deemed affiliates of CEVA Holdings, LLC (“CEVA”), which through subsidiaries was involved in certain transactions which constitute covered activities under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”). Apollo was previously a principal stockholder of Charter and had two representatives on Charter’s board of directors for the first and a portion of the second quarter of 2013, when some of the covered activities occurred. As a result, we are providing disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of ITRA and Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Apollo notified Charter that, according to CEVA, in December 2012, CEVA Freight Italy Srl provided customs brokerage and freight forwarding services for the export to Iran of two measurement instruments to the Iranian Offshore Engineering Construction Company, a joint venture between two entities that are identified on OFAC’s list of Specially Designated Nationals (“SDN”). The revenues and net profits for these services were approximately $1,260.64 and $151.30, respectively. In February 2013, CEVA Freight Holdings (Malaysia) SDN BHD (“CEVA Malaysia”) provided customs brokerage for export and local haulage services for a shipment of polyethylene resin to Iran shipped on a vessel owned and/or operated by HDS Lines, also an SDN. The revenues and net profits for these services were approximately $779.54 and $311.13, respectively. In September 2013, CEVA Malaysia provided customs brokerage services for the import into Malaysia of fruit juice from Alifard Co. in Iran via HDS Lines. The revenues and net profits for these services were approximately $227.41 and $89.29, respectively.
All of the information in the foregoing paragraph is based solely on information in the notice provided by Apollo. Charter has no involvement in the business of CEVA and received no direct or indirect benefits from the transactions described above.None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by Item 10 will be included in Charter’s 20142016 Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) under the headings “Election of Class A Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Requirements,” and “Code of Ethics,” or in amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by Item 11 will be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Executive Compensation,” “Election of Class A Directors – Director Compensation” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” or in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference. Information contained in the Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption “Report of Compensation and Benefits Committee” is furnished and not deemed filed with the SEC.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by Item 12 will be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” or in amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by Item 13 will be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Election of Class A Directors” or in amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by Item 14 will be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Accounting Matters” or in amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
| |
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this annual report: |
A listing of the financial statements, notes and reports of independent public accountants required by Item 8 begins on page F-1 of this annual report.
| |
| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules. |
No financial statement schedules are required to be filed by Items 8 and 15(d)15(c) because they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is set forth in the applicable financial statements or notes thereto.
| |
| (3) | The index to the exhibits begins on page E-1 of this annual report. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Charter Communications, Inc. has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
| | | | |
| | | CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC., |
| | | Registrant |
| | | | | |
| | | By: | | /s/ Thomas M. Rutledge |
| | | | | Thomas M. Rutledge |
| | | | | President,Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Director |
Date: February 21, 201416, 2017 | | | | |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard R. Dykhouse and Kevin D. Howard, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone), his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign on his or her behalf individually and in each capacity stated below any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this annual report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents and either of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Charter Communications, Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
| | |
| Signature | Title | Date |
| | |
/s/ Thomas M. Rutledge
Thomas M. Rutledge | President,Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Director
(Principal Executive Officer) | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Christopher L. Winfrey
Christopher L. Winfrey | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard | Senior Vice President – Finance, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Balan NairEric L. Zinterhofer
Balan NairEric L. Zinterhofer | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ W. Lance Conn
W. Lance Conn | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Michael HusebyKim C. Goodman
Michael HusebyKim C. Goodman | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ Mauricio Ramos
Mauricio Ramos | Director | February 16, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Craig A. Jacobson
Craig A. Jacobson | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Gregory Maffei
Gregory Maffei | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ John C. Malone
John C. Malone | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ John D. Markley, Jr.
John D. Markley, Jr. | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ David C. Merritt
David C. Merritt | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | | |
/s/ Eric L. ZinterhoferBalan Nair
Eric L. ZinterhoferBalan Nair | Director | February 21, 201416, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ Michael Newhouse
Michael Newhouse | Director | February 16, 2017 |
| | |
/s/ Steven Miron
Steven Miron | Director | February 16, 2017 |
Exhibit Index
Exhibits are listed by numbers corresponding to the Exhibit Table of Item 601 in Regulation S-K.
|
| | |
| Exhibit | | Description |
| | | |
| 2.1 | | Debtors' JointAgreement and Plan of Reorganization filed pursuant to Chapter 11Mergers, dated as of the United States Bankruptcy Code filed on July 15, 2009 with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York in Case No. 09-11435 (Jointly Administered) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the quarterly report on Form 10‑Q ofMay 23, 2015, among Time Warner Cable Inc., Charter Communications, Inc. filed on August 6, 2009 (File No. 001-33664). |
2.2 | | Purchase Agreement dated February 7, 2013 between CSC Holdings,, CCH I, LLC, Nina Corporation I, Inc., Nina Company II, LLC and Charter Communications Operating,Nina Company III, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12.1 to the current report on Form 8-K offiled by Charter Communications, Inc. filed on February 12, 2013May 29, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 2.2 | | Contribution Agreement, dated March 31, 2015, by and among Advance/Newhouse Partnership, A/NPC Holdings LLC, Charter Communications, Inc., CCH I, LLC, and Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 1, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 3.1 | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Charter Communications, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on August 20, 2010May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 3.2 | | Amended and Restated By-laws of Charter Communications, Inc. as of November 30, 2009May 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 4, 2009May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
4.14.1(a) | | WarrantAmended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009,March 31, 2015, by and betweenamong Charter Communications, Inc., Liberty Broadband Corporation and Mellon Investor Services LLCAdvance/Newhouse Partnership (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K offiled by Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 4, 2009April 1, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
4.24.1(b) | | WarrantSecond Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009, by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Mellon Investor Services LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 4, 2009 (File No. 001-33664)). |
4.3 | | Warrant Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009, by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Mellon Investor Services LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 4, 2009 (File No. 001-33664)). |
4.4 | | Stockholders Agreement of Liberty Media Corporation to purchase Charter Communications, Inc. shares dated March 19, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed March 19, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
4.5 | | Registration Rights Agreement relating to the 5.25% senior notes due 2021 and the 5.75% senior notes due 2023, dated as of March 14, 2013,May 23, 2015, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., for itself and the other purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on March 15, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.1 | | Indenture relating to the 8.125% Senior Notes due 2020, dated as of April 18, 2010, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the registration statement on Form S-1 of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on June 30, 2010 (File No. 333-167877)). |
10.2 | | Indenture relating to the 7.25% senior notes due 2017, dated as of September 27, 2010, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor,CCH I, LLC, Liberty Broadband Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as TrusteeAdvance/Newhouse Partnership (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current reportregistration statement on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc.S-4 filed by CCH I, LLC on September 30, 2010June 26, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)333-205240)). |
10.3 | | Indenture relating to the 7.00% senior notes due 2019, dated as of January 11, 2011, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on January 14, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.4 | | Indenture dated as of May 10, 2011, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 13, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.5 | | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 10, 2011 by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 13, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.6 | | Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 14, 2011 by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 20, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
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10.710.2 | | Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 26, 2012 by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on February 1, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)) |
10.810.3 | | Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated August 22, 2012 relating to the 5.25% Senior Notes due 2022 by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on November 6, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.910.4 | | Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated December 17, 2012 relating to the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023 by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the annual report on Form 10-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed February 22, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.1010.5 | | Sixth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.25% senior notes due 2021, dated as of March 14, 2013, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed March 15, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.1110.6 | | Seventh Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.75% senior notes due 2023, dated as of March 14, 2013, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed March 15, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.1210.7 | | Eighth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 5.75% senior notes due 2024, dated as of May 3, 2013, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC and CCO Holdings Capital Corp., as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 7, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.13(a)10.8 | | Credit Agreement,Indenture dated as of March 6, 2007,November 5, 2014, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, the lenders from time to time parties theretoCCO Holdings Capital Corp. and CCOH Safari, LLC, as Issuers, Charter Communications, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, and The Bank of America,New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as administrative agentTrustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on March 12, 2007November 10, 2014 (File No. 000-27927)001-33664)). |
10.13(b) |
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| 10.9 | | Amendment No. 1,Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 25, 2012,21, 2015, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Creditcurrent report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 22, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.10 | | Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 21, 2015, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 22, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.11 | | Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 21, 2015, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 22, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.12 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 6, 2007 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from timeApril 21, 2015 relating to time),the 5.125% Senior Notes due 2023, among CCO Holdings, LLC, as the Borrower, the lenders parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as representatives of the Administrative Agent, and the other parties theretoseveral Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 30, 201222, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.13(c)10.13 | | PledgeExchange and Registration Rights Agreement made by CCO Holdings, LLC in favor of Bank of America, N.A., as Collateral Agent, dated as of March 6, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4relating to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on March 12, 2007 (File No. 000-27927)). |
10.14(a) | | Restatement Agreement,5.375% Senior Notes due 2025, dated as of April 11, 2012 by and21, 2015, among Charter Communications Operating,CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings LLC, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A.Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as Administrative Agentguarantor, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 17, 201222, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.14(b)10.14 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement relating to the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2027, dated as of April 21, 2015, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 22, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.15 | | Indenture, dated as of July 23, 2015, among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. and CCO Safari II, LLC, as issuers, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on July 27, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.16 | | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 23, 2015, among CCO Safari II, LLC, as escrow issuer, CCH II, LLC, as limited guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on July 27, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.17 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 23, 2015 relating to the 3.579% Senior Secured Notes due 2020, 4.464% Senior Secured Notes due 2022, 4.908% Senior Secured Notes due 2025, 6.384% Senior Secured Notes due 2035, 6.484% Senior Secured Notes due 2045 and 6.834% Senior Secured Notes due 2055, between CCO Safari II, LLC and Goldman, Sachs & Co., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and UBS Securities LLC, as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on July 27, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.18 | | Indenture, dated as of November 20, 2015, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and CCOH Safari, LLC, as issuers, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on November 25, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.19 | | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 20, 2015, between CCOH Safari, LLC, as escrow issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on November 25, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.20 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 20, 2015 relating to the 5.750% Senior Notes due 2026, between CCOH Safari, LLC and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, UBS Securities LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on November 25, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.21 | | Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 19, 2016, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 22, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
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| 10.22 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 19, 2016, relating to the 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, UBS Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 22, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.23 | | Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 21, 2016, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 27, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.24 | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 21, 2016, relating to the 5.500% Senior Notes due 2026, among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., Charter Communications, Inc., as guarantor, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman, Sachs & Co., UBS Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several Purchasers (as defined therein) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on April 27, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.25 | | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., CCO Safari II, LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.26 | | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.27 | | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among CCO Holdings, LLC, CCO Holdings Capital Corp., CCOH Safari, LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.28 | | Indenture, dated as of April 30, 1992 (the “TWCE Indenture”), as amended by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 30, 1992, among Time Warner Entertainment Company, L.P. (“TWE”), Time Warner Companies, Inc. (“TWCI”), certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibits 10(g) and 10(h) to TWCI’s current report on Form 8-K dated June 26, 1992 and filed with the SEC on July 15, 1992 (File No. 1-8637)). |
| 10.29 | | Second Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of December 9, 1992, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 1 to TWE’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 dated and filed with the SEC on October 25, 1993 (Registration No. 33-67688) (the “TWE October 25, 1993 Registration Statement”)). |
| 10.30 | | Third Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of October 12, 1993, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the TWE October 25, 1993 Registration Statement). |
| 10.31 | | Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of March 29, 1994, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to TWE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993 and filed with the SEC on March 30, 1994 (File No. 1-12878)). |
| 10.32 | | Fifth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of December 28, 1994, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to TWE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1994 and filed with the SEC on March 30, 1995 (File No. 1-12878)). |
| 10.33 | | Sixth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of September 29, 1997, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Historic TW Inc.’s (“Historic TW”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 and filed with the SEC on March 25, 1998 (File No. 1-12259) (the “Time Warner 1997 Form 10-K”)). |
| 10.34 | | Seventh Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of December 29, 1997, among TWE, TWCI, certain of TWCI’s subsidiaries that are parties thereto and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Time Warner 1997 Form 10-K). |
| 10.35 | | Eighth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of December 9, 2003, among Historic TW, TWE, Warner Communications Inc. (“WCI”), American Television and Communications Corporation (“ATC”), TWC and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Time Warner Inc.’s (“Time Warner”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 1-15062)). |
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| 10.36 | | Ninth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2004, among Historic TW, TWE, Time Warner NY Cable Inc., WCI, ATC, TWC and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Time Warner’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 (File No. 1-15062)). |
| 10.37 | | Tenth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of October 18, 2006, among Historic TW, TWE, TW NY Cable Holding Inc. (“TW NY”), Time Warner NY Cable LLC (“TW NY Cable”), TWC, WCI, ATC and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Time Warner’s current report on Form 8-K dated and filed October 18, 2006 (File No. 1-15062)). |
| 10.38 | | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of November 2, 2006, among TWE, TW NY, TWC and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Time Warner’s current report on Form 8-K dated and filed November 2, 2006 (File No. 1-15062)). |
| 10.40 | | Twelfth Supplemental Indenture to the TWCE Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2012, among Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC (“TWCE”), TWC, TW NY, Time Warner Cable Internet Holdings II LLC (“TWC Internet Holdings II”) and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, supplementing the Indenture dated April 30, 1992, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2012 and filed with the SEC on October 1, 2012 (File No. 1-33335) (the “TWC September 30, 2012 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.41 | | Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC, the guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.42 | | Indenture, dated as of April 9, 2007 (the “TWC Indenture”), among TWC, TW NY, TWE and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated April 4, 2007 and filed with the SEC on April 9, 2007 (File No. 1-33335) (the “TWC April 4, 2007 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.43 | | First Supplemental Indenture to the TWC Indenture, dated as of April 9, 2007, among TWC, TW NY, TWE and The Bank of New York, as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC April 4, 2007 Form 8-K). |
| 10.44 | | Second Supplemental Indenture to the TWC Indenture, dated as of September 30, 2012, among TWC, TW NY, TWCE, TWC Internet Holdings II and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, supplementing the Indenture dated April 9, 2007, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the TWC September 30, 2012 Form 8-K). |
| 10.45 | | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Time Warner Cable Inc., TWC NewCo LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.46 | | Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among TWC NewCo LLC, the guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.47 | | Form of TWC 5.85% Exchange Notes due 2017 (included as Exhibit B to the First Supplemental Indenture incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC April 4, 2007 Form 8-K). |
| 10.48 | | Form of TWC 6.55% Exchange Debentures due 2037 (included as Exhibit C to the First Supplemental Indenture incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC April 4, 2007 Form 8-K). |
| 10.49 | | Form of TWC 6.75% Notes due 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated June 16, 2008 and filed with the SEC on June 19, 2008 (File No. 1-33335) (the “TWC June 16, 2008 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.50 | | Form of TWC 7.30% Debentures due 2038 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the TWC June 16, 2008 Form 8-K). |
| 10.51 | | Form of TWC 8.75% Notes due 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated November 13, 2008 and filed with the SEC on November 18, 2008) (File No. 1-33335). |
| 10.52 | | Form of TWC 8.25% Notes due 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated March 23, 2009 and filed with the SEC on March 26, 2009 (File No. 1-33335)). |
| 10.53 | | Form of TWC 6.75% Debentures due 2039 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated June 24, 2009 and filed with the SEC on June 29, 2009 (File No. 1-33335)). |
| 10.54 | | Form of TWC 3.5% Notes due 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated December 8, 2009 and filed with the SEC on December 11, 2009 (File No. 1-33335 (the “TWC December 8,2009 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.55 | | Form of TWC 5.0% Notes due 2020 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC December 8, 2009 Form 8-K). |
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| 10.56 | | Form of TWC 4.125% Notes due 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated November 9, 2010 and filed with the SEC on November 15, 2010 (File No. 1-33335) (the “TWC November 9, 2010 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.57 | | Form of TWC 5.875% Debentures due 2040 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC November 9, 2010 Form 8-K). |
| 10.58 | | Form of TWC 5.75% Note due 2031 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC on May 26, 2011 (File No. 1-33335)). |
| 10.59 | | Form of TWC 4% Note due 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated September 7, 2011 and filed with the SEC on September 12, 2011 (File No. 1-33335) (the “TWC September 7, 2011 Form 8-K”)). |
| 10.60 | | Form of TWC 5.5% Debenture due 2041 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the TWC September 7, 2011 Form 8-K). |
| 10.61 | | Form of TWC 4.5% Debenture due 2042 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated August 7, 2012 and filed with the SEC on August 10, 2012 (File No. 1-33335)). |
| 10.62 | | Form of TWC 5.25% Note due 2042 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated and filed with the SEC on June 27, 2012 (File No. 1-33335)). |
| 10.63 | | Form of 5.500% Senior Notes due 2026 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed April 27, 2016). |
| 10.64 | | Amendment No. 15, dated March 22, 2013as of August 24, 2015, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 11, 2012 between Charter Communications Operating, LLC, as borrower, CCO Holdings, LLC, as guarantor, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.510.2 to the quarterlycurrent report on Form 10-Q8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 7, 2013August 28, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.14(c)10.65 | | Amendment No. 2Incremental Activation Notice, dated April 22, 2013as of August 24, 2015 delivered by Charter Communications Operating, LLC, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, each Term H Lender party thereto to, each Term I Lender party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 11, 2012 between Charter Communications Operating, LLC, as borrower, CCO Holdings, LLC, as guarantor, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 7, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.14(d) | | Amendment No. 3, dated as of June 27, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 11, 2012 between Charter Communications Operating, LLC, as borrower, CCO Holdings, LLC, as guarantor, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed byof Charter Communications, Inc. filed on July 2, 2013August 28, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.14(e)10.66 | | Escrow Credit Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2015, between CCO Safari III, LLC, as borrower, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on August 28, 2015 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.67(a) | | Restatement Agreement dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.67(b) | | Amendment No. 1 dated as of December 23, 2016, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 18, 1999, as amended and restated on May 18, 2016, by and among Chart Communications Operating, LLC, CCO Holdings, LLC, the Lenders Party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 30, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.67(c) | | Incremental Activation Notice, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, CCO Holdings, LLC, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.68 | | Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement made by CCO Holdings, LLC, Charter Communications Operating, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended and restated as of March 31, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on April 6, 2010 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.69 | | Collateral Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2016, by Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. and the other grantors party thereto in favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.70 | | First Lien Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Communications Operating, LLC, the other grantors party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as credit agreement collateral agent for the credit agreement secured parties, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent for the indenture secured parties, and each additional agent from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 24, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
|
| | |
10.14(f)10.71 | | Incremental Activation Notice,Joinder Agreement to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2013 delivered18, 2016, by and among CCO Safari II, LLC, CCH II, LLC, Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., CCO Holdings, LLC and the Subsidiary Guarantors Party thereto and each Term F Lenderother guarantors party thereto to Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent under the credit agreement, dated as of March 18, 1999 as amended and restated as of March 31, 2010 and as further amended and restated as of April 11, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the quarterlycurrent report on Form 10-Q8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 7, 2013 (File No. 001-33664))24, 2016). |
10.14(g)10.72 | | Incremental Activation Notice,Joinder Agreement to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2013 deliveredMay 18, 2016, by Charter Communications Operating, LLC, CCO Holdings, LLC the Subsidiary Guarantors Party thereto and each Term E Lender party thereto to Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent under the credit agreement, dated as of March 18, 1999 as amended and restated as of March 31, 2010 and as further amended and restated as of April 11, 2012CCO Holdings Capital Corp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed byof Charter Communications, Inc. filed May 24, 2016). |
| 10.73 | | Escrow Assumption Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among CCO Safari III, LLC, Charter Communications Operating, LLC, Bank of America, N.A., as escrow administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on July 2, 2013Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed May 24, 2016). |
| 10.74 | | Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Charter Communications Holdings, LLC, dated as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Holdings, Charter, CCH II, LLC, Advance/Newhouse Partnership and the other party or parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.15(a)10.75 | | Registration RightsExchange Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2009,May 18, 2016, by and among Charter Communications, Inc.Holdings, Charter, Advance/Newhouse Partnership and certain investors listed thereinthe other party or parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 4, 2009May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.15(b)10.76 | | Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 30, 2009,as of May 18, 2016, by and among Charter, Communications, Inc.Advance/Newhouse Partnership and certain Investors listed thereinLiberty Broadband (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.210.3 to the quarterlycurrent report on Form 10-Q8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on November 6, 2012May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.16(a)10.77 | | Amended and Restated ManagementTax Receivables Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2003, betweenMay 18, 2016, by and among Charter, Communications Operating, LLCAdvance/Newhouse Partnership and Charter Communications, Inc.the other party or parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the quarterlycurrent report on Form 10-Q filed by8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on August 5, 2003 (File No. 333-83887)). |
10.16(b) | | First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Management Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2010, between Charter Communications Operating, LLC and Charter Communications, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 4, 2010May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.17(a) | | Second Amended and Restated Mutual Services Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2003 between Charter Communications, Inc. and Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5(a) to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 5, 2003 (File No. 000-27927)). |
10.17(b) | | First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Mutual Services Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2010, between Charter Communications, Inc. and Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 4, 2010 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.18+10.78+ | | Charter Communications, Inc. Executive Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 8, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.19+10.79+ | | Charter Communications, Inc. 2016 Executive Incentive Performance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21Appendix A to the annual report on Form 10-K filed byproxy statement for the Charter Communications, Inc. on February 27, 20122016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed March 17, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.20+10.80+ | | Charter Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.81+ | | Amendment to the Charter Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, dated as of October 25, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 21, 2009October 28, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.21+10.82+ | | Charter Communications, Inc.'s’s Amended and Restated Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan, dated as of September 1, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on September 2, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.22+10.83+ | | Form of Non-Qualified Time Vesting Stock Option Agreement dated April 26, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.23+10.84+ | | Form of Non-Qualified Price Vesting Stock Option Agreement dated April 26, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.24+ | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement dated April 26, 2011(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.25+10.85+ | | Form of Notice of LTIP Award Agreement Changes (RSU Awards) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.26+10.86+ | | Form of Notice of LTIP Award Agreement Changes (Time-Vesting Option Awards) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.27+10.87+ | | Form of Notice of LTIP Award Agreement Changes (Restricted Stock Awards) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
|
| | |
10.28+10.88+ | | Form of Notice of LTIP Award Agreement Changes (Performance-Vesting Option Awards) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.29+10.89+ | | Form of Stock Option Agreement dated January 15, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.30+10.90+ | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement dated January 15, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on January 22, 2014 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.31+ |
| | |
| 10.91(a)+ | | Employment Agreement between Thomas Rutledge and Charter Communications, Inc., dated as of December 19, 2011May 17, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.110.5 to the current report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 19, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.91(b)+ | | Time-Vesting Stock Option Agreement dated as of December 19, 2011 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Thomas M. Rutledge (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on December 19, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.32(a)10.91(c)+ | | Amended and Restated EmploymentPerformance-Vesting Stock Option Agreement between Christopher L. Winfrey and Charter Communications, Inc., dated effective as of August 31, 2012. |
10.32(b)+ | | The New York Relocation Agreement and Release entered intoDecember 19, 2011 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Christopher Winfrey dated as of October 23, 2012Thomas M. Rutledge (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Reportcurrent report on Form 10-Q of8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. filed on November 6, 2012December 19, 2011 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.33(a)10.92(a)+ | | Employment Agreement dated effective as of April 30, 2012,November 2, 2016 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and John Bickham (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current reportQuarterly Report on Form 8-K filed by10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on May 1, 2012November 3, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.33(b)10.92(b)+ | | Time-Vesting Stock Option Agreement dated as of April 30, 2012 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and John Bickham (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 1, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.33(c)+ | | Performance-Vesting Restricted Stock Agreement dated as of April 30, 2012 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and John Bickham (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 1, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)) |
10.33(d)10.92(c)+ | | Performance-Vesting Stock Option Agreement dated as of April 30, 2012 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and John Bickham (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 1, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)) |
10.33(e)+ | | Time-Vesting Restricted Stock Agreement dated as of April 30, 2012 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and John Bickham (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on May 1, 2012 (File No. 001-33664)). |
10.34+* | | Employment Agreement dated as of July 8, 2013 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Catherine C. Bohigian. |
10.35(a)+* | | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of February 20, 2013 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Richard R. Dykhouse. |
10.35(b)+* | | The New York Relocation Agreement and Release entered into by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Richard R. Dykhouse dated as of February 20, 2013. |
10.3610.93+ | | Form of First Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on August 6, 2013 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.94+ | | Amendment to the Employment Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2016, by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Thomas Rutledge (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed by Charter Communications, Inc. on February 12, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.95+ | | Time Warner Cable Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to TWC’s current report on Form 8-K dated February 13, 2007 and filed with the SEC on February 13, 2007). |
| 10.96+ | | Time Warner Cable Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, effective March 12, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TWC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009). |
| 10.97+ | | Time Warner Cable Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A to TWC’s definitive Proxy Statement dated April 6, 2011 and filed with the SEC on April 6, 2011). |
| 10.98+ | | Form of Amendment to Nonqualified Stock Option Agreements Granted Under the Charter Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, dated as of October 25, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on October 28, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.99+ | | Employment Agreement dated effective as of November 2, 2016 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Christopher L. Winfrey (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on November 3, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.100+ | | Employment Agreement dated effective as of November 2, 2016 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and Jonathan Hargis (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on November 3, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 10.101*+ | | Employment Agreement dated as of November 10, 2016 by and between Charter Communications, Inc. and David Ellen. |
| 10.102*+ | | Form of Performance-Vesting Stock Option Agreement granted to certain executive officers in 2016 under the Charter Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan. |
| 10.103*+ | | Form of Performance-Vesting Restricted Stock Unit Agreement granted to certain executive officers in 2016 under the Charter Communications, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Incentive Plan. |
| 10.104 | | Letter Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2016, between Charter Communications, Inc. and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Charter Communications, Inc. filed on December 28, 2016 (File No. 001-33664)). |
| 12.1* | | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges. |
| 21.1* | | Subsidiaries of Charter Communications, Inc. |
| 23.1* | | Consent of KPMG LLP. |
| 31.1* | | Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
| 31.2* | | Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
| 32.1* | | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer). |
|
| | |
| 32.2* | | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer). |
| 101 | | The following financial information from the Annual Report of Charter Communications, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013,2016, filed with the SEC on February 21, 2014,16, 2017, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss,Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in ShareholderShareholders’ Equity (Deficit), (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
_____________
* Filed herewith.
+ Management compensatory plan or arrangement
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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| Audited Financial Statements | |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Charter Communications, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Charter Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 20132016 and 2012,2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss,income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013.2016. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013,2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992)(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Item 9A). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company acquired Bresnan Broadband Holdings, LLC and subsidiaries (Bresnan) in July 2013 and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, Bresnan’s internal control over financial reporting associated with 10% and 3% of the Company’s total assets and total revenues, respectively, included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company as of December 31, 2013 also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Bresnan.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Charter Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20132016 and 2012,2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013,2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013,2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992)(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.Commission (COSO).
Charter Communications, Inc. acquired Bright House Networks, LLC (Legacy Bright House) during 2016. Management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, the operations and related assets of Legacy Bright House. As of December 31, 2016 and for the period from acquisition through December 31, 2016, both total assets and revenues subject to Legacy Bright House’s internal control over financial reporting represented approximately 9% of the Company’s consolidated total assets (including goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment acquired from Legacy Bright House that are included within the scope of the assessment) and consolidated total revenues as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of Charter Communications, Inc. also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Bright House Networks, LLC as of December 31, 2016.
(signed) KPMG LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 20, 201415, 2017
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions, except share data)
| | | | December 31,
2013 | | December 31,
2012 | December 31, |
| | | | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| ASSETS | | | | | | |
| CURRENT ASSETS: | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 7 |
| $ | 1,535 |
| | $ | 5 |
|
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | — |
| | 27 |
| |
| Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of | | | | | | |
| $19 and $14, respectively | 234 |
| | 234 |
| |
| $124 and $21, respectively | | 1,432 |
| | 279 |
|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 67 |
| | 62 |
| 333 |
| | 61 |
|
| Total current assets | 322 |
| | 330 |
| 3,300 |
| | 345 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | — |
| | 22,264 |
|
| | | | | |
| INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated | | | | | | |
| depreciation of $4,787 and $3,563, respectively | 7,981 |
| | 7,206 |
| |
| depreciation of $11,103 and $6,518, respectively | | 32,963 |
| | 8,345 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | | 14,608 |
| | 856 |
|
| Franchises | 6,009 |
| | 5,287 |
| 67,316 |
| | 6,006 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | 1,389 |
| | 1,424 |
| |
| Goodwill | 1,177 |
| | 953 |
| 29,509 |
| | 1,168 |
|
| Total investment in cable properties, net | 16,556 |
| | 14,870 |
| 144,396 |
| | 16,375 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS | 417 |
| | 396 |
| 1,371 |
| | 332 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 17,295 |
| | $ | 15,596 |
| $ | 149,067 |
| | $ | 39,316 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) | | | | |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 1,467 |
| | $ | 1,224 |
| $ | 7,544 |
| | $ | 1,972 |
|
| Current portion of long-term debt | | 2,028 |
| | — |
|
| Total current liabilities | 1,467 |
| | 1,224 |
| 9,572 |
| | 1,972 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| LONG-TERM DEBT | 14,181 |
| | 12,808 |
| 59,719 |
| | 35,723 |
|
| DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 1,431 |
| | 1,321 |
| 26,665 |
| | 1,590 |
|
| OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | 65 |
| | 94 |
| 2,745 |
| | 77 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | | | | |
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT): | | | | |
| Class A common stock; $.001 par value; 900 million shares authorized; | | | | | | |
| 106,144,075 and 101,176,247 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | — |
| | — |
| |
| Class B common stock; $.001 par value; 25 million shares authorized; | | | | |
| no shares issued and outstanding | — |
| | — |
| |
| 268,897,792 and 112,438,828 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | | — |
| | — |
|
| Class B common stock; $.001 par value; 1,000 and 25 million shares authorized, respectively; | | | | |
| 1 and no shares issued and outstanding, respectively | | — |
| | — |
|
| Preferred stock; $.001 par value; 250 million shares authorized; | | | | | | |
| no shares issued and outstanding | — |
| | — |
| — |
| | — |
|
| Additional paid-in capital | 1,760 |
| | 1,616 |
| 39,413 |
| | 2,028 |
|
| Accumulated deficit | (1,568 | ) | | (1,392 | ) | |
| Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | | 733 |
| | (2,061 | ) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (41 | ) | | (75 | ) | (7 | ) | | (13 | ) |
| Total shareholders’ equity | 151 |
| | 149 |
| |
| Total Charter shareholders’ equity (deficit) | | 40,139 |
| | (46 | ) |
| Noncontrolling interests | | 10,227 |
| | — |
|
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | | 50,366 |
| | (46 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 17,295 |
| | $ | 15,596 |
| |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit) | | $ | 149,067 |
| | $ | 39,316 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 3
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in millions, except per share and share data)
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| REVENUES | $ | 8,155 |
| | $ | 7,504 |
| | $ | 7,204 |
| $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| COSTS AND EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating costs and expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 5,345 |
| | 4,860 |
| | 4,564 |
| |
| Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below) | | 18,655 |
| | 6,426 |
| | 5,973 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,854 |
| | 1,713 |
| | 1,592 |
| 6,907 |
| | 2,125 |
| | 2,102 |
|
| Other operating expenses, net | 31 |
| | 15 |
| | 7 |
| 86 |
| | 89 |
| | 62 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| | 7,230 |
| | 6,588 |
| | 6,163 |
| |
| | | | | | | 25,648 |
| | 8,640 |
| | 8,137 |
|
| Income from operations | 925 |
| | 916 |
| | 1,041 |
| 3,355 |
| | 1,114 |
| | 971 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | (846 | ) | | (907 | ) | | (963 | ) | (2,499 | ) | | (1,306 | ) | | (911 | ) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (123 | ) | | (55 | ) | | (143 | ) | (111 | ) | | (128 | ) | | — |
|
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | 11 |
| | — |
| | — |
| |
| Gain (loss) on financial instruments, net | | 89 |
| | (4 | ) | | (7 | ) |
| Other expense, net | (16 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (5 | ) | (14 | ) | | (7 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | (2,535 | ) | | (1,445 | ) | | (918 | ) |
| | (974 | ) | | (963 | ) | | (1,111 | ) | | | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | | 820 |
| | (331 | ) | | 53 |
|
| Income tax benefit (expense) | | 2,925 |
| | 60 |
| | (236 | ) |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | | 3,745 |
| | (271 | ) | | (183 | ) |
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loss before income taxes | (49 | ) | | (47 | ) | | (70 | ) | |
| EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHARTER SHAREHOLDERS: | | | | | | |
| Basic | | $ | 17.05 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) |
| Diluted | | $ | 15.94 |
| | $ | (2.68 | ) | | $ | (1.88 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expense | (120 | ) | | (257 | ) | | (299 | ) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net loss | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | |
| | | | | | | |
| LOSS PER COMMON SHARE, BASIC AND DILUTED | $ | (1.65 | ) | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | $ | (3.39 | ) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 101,934,630 |
| | 99,657,989 |
| | 108,948,554 |
| |
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | | | | | | |
| Basic | | 206,539,100 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
|
| Diluted | | 234,791,439 |
| | 101,152,647 |
| | 97,991,915 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSSINCOME (LOSS)
(dollars in millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| | | | | | |
| Net loss | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | 34 |
| | (10 | ) | | (8 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (135 | ) | | $ | (314 | ) | | $ | (377 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | 3,745 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments | 8 |
| | 9 |
| | 19 |
|
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (2 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Consolidated comprehensive income (loss) | 3,751 |
| | (262 | ) | | (164 | ) |
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 3,528 |
| | $ | (262 | ) | | $ | (164 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 4
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(dollars in millions)
| | | | | Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Accumulated Deficit | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | Total Shareholders' Equity | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Charter Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) | Non-controlling Interests | Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2010 | | — |
| | — |
| | 1,776 |
| | (235 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (57 | ) | | 1,478 |
| |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2013 | | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 1,760 |
| $ | (1,568 | ) | $ | — |
| $ | (41 | ) | $ | 151 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 151 |
|
| Net loss | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (369 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (369 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (183 | ) | — |
| — |
| (183 | ) | — |
| (183 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (8 | ) | | (8 | ) | |
| Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 19 |
| 19 |
| — |
| 19 |
|
| Stock compensation expense, net | | — |
| | — |
| | 36 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 36 |
| — |
| — |
| 55 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 55 |
| — |
| 55 |
|
| Exercise of options | | — |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| |
| Exercise of stock options and warrants | | — |
| — |
| 123 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 123 |
| — |
| 123 |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (733 | ) | | — |
| | (733 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (19 | ) | — |
| (19 | ) | — |
| (19 | ) |
| Retirement of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | (261 | ) | | (478 | ) | | 739 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| — |
| (8 | ) | (11 | ) | 19 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2011 | | — |
| | — |
| | 1,556 |
| | (1,082 | ) | | — |
| | (65 | ) | | 409 |
| |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2014 | | — |
| — |
| 1,930 |
| (1,762 | ) | — |
| (22 | ) | 146 |
| — |
| 146 |
|
| Net loss | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (304 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (304 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (271 | ) | — |
| — |
| (271 | ) | — |
| (271 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) | |
| Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 9 |
| 9 |
| — |
| 9 |
|
| Stock compensation expense, net | | — |
| | — |
| | 50 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 50 |
| — |
| — |
| 78 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 78 |
| — |
| 78 |
|
| Exercise of options | | — |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| |
| Exercise of stock options and warrants | | — |
| — |
| 30 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 30 |
| — |
| 30 |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | (11 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (38 | ) | — |
| (38 | ) | — |
| (38 | ) |
| Retirement of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | (5 | ) | | (6 | ) | | 11 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| — |
| (10 | ) | (28 | ) | 38 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2012 | | — |
| | — |
| | 1,616 |
| | (1,392 | ) | | — |
| | (75 | ) | | 149 |
| |
| Net loss | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (169 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (169 | ) | |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| | 34 |
| |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2015 | | — |
| — |
| 2,028 |
| (2,061 | ) | — |
| (13 | ) | (46 | ) | — |
| (46 | ) |
| Net income | | — |
| — |
| — |
| 3,522 |
| — |
| — |
| 3,522 |
| 223 |
| 3,745 |
|
| Stock compensation expense, net | | — |
| | — |
| | 48 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 48 |
| — |
| — |
| 244 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 244 |
| — |
| 244 |
|
| Exercise of options and warrants | | — |
| | — |
| | 104 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 104 |
| |
| Accelerated vesting of equity awards | | — |
| — |
| 248 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 248 |
| — |
| 248 |
|
| Settlement of restricted stock units | | — |
| — |
| (59 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (59 | ) | — |
| (59 | ) |
| Exercise of stock options | | — |
| — |
| 86 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 86 |
| — |
| 86 |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (15 | ) | | — |
| | (15 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (1,562 | ) | — |
| (1,562 | ) | — |
| (1,562 | ) |
| Retirement of treasury stock | | — |
| | — |
| | (8 | ) | | (7 | ) | | 15 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| — |
| (834 | ) | (728 | ) | 1,562 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2013 | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,760 |
| | $ | (1,568 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (41 | ) | | $ | 151 |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Issuance of shares to Liberty Broadband for cash | | — |
| — |
| 5,000 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 5,000 |
| — |
| 5,000 |
|
| Converted TWC Awards in the TWC Transaction | | — |
| — |
| 514 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 514 |
| — |
| 514 |
|
| Issuance of shares in TWC Transaction | | — |
| — |
| 32,164 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 32,164 |
| — |
| 32,164 |
|
| Issuance of subsidiary equity in Bright House Transaction | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 10,134 |
| 10,134 |
|
| Partnership formation and change in ownership, net of tax | | — |
| — |
| (364 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (364 | ) | 589 |
| 225 |
|
| Purchase of noncontrolling interest, net of tax | | — |
| — |
| (19 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| (19 | ) | (187 | ) | (206 | ) |
| Exchange of Charter Holdings units held by A/N, net of tax and TRA effects | | — |
| — |
| 405 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 405 |
| (460 | ) | (55 | ) |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interest | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (96 | ) | (96 | ) |
| Noncontrolling interests assumed in acquisitions | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 24 |
| 24 |
|
| Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 6 |
| 6 |
| — |
| 6 |
|
| BALANCE, December 31, 2016 | | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 39,413 |
| $ | 733 |
| $ | — |
| $ | (7 | ) | $ | 40,139 |
| $ | 10,227 |
| $ | 50,366 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 5
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net loss | | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | | $ | 3,745 |
| | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | | 1,854 |
| | 1,713 |
| | 1,592 |
| 6,907 |
| | 2,125 |
| | 2,102 |
|
| Non-cash interest expense | | 43 |
| | 45 |
| | 34 |
| |
| Stock compensation expense | | 244 |
| | 78 |
| | 55 |
|
| Accelerated vesting of equity awards | | 248 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Noncash interest (income) expense | | (256 | ) | | 28 |
| | 37 |
|
| Other pension benefits | | (899 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | | 123 |
| | 55 |
| | 143 |
| 111 |
| | 128 |
| | — |
|
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| (Gain) loss on financial instruments, net | | (89 | ) | | 4 |
| | 7 |
|
| Deferred income taxes | | 112 |
| | 250 |
| | 290 |
| (2,958 | ) | | (65 | ) | | 233 |
|
| Other, net | | 82 |
| | 45 |
| | 33 |
| 8 |
| | 11 |
| | 10 |
|
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | | 10 |
| | 34 |
| | (24 | ) | (160 | ) | | 5 |
| | (51 | ) |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | | — |
| | (8 | ) | | 1 |
| 111 |
| | (3 | ) | | (9 | ) |
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | | 114 |
| | 46 |
| | 37 |
| 1,029 |
| | 319 |
| | 158 |
|
| Net cash flows from operating activities | | 2,158 |
| | 1,876 |
| | 1,737 |
| 8,041 |
| | 2,359 |
| | 2,359 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | �� | | | |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | | (1,825 | ) | | (1,745 | ) | | (1,311 | ) | (5,325 | ) | | (1,840 | ) | | (2,221 | ) |
| Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures | | 76 |
| | 13 |
| | 57 |
| 603 |
| | 28 |
| | 33 |
|
| Sales (purchases) of cable systems, net | | (676 | ) | | 19 |
| | (88 | ) | (28,810 | ) | | — |
| | 11 |
|
| Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents | | 22,264 |
| | (15,153 | ) | | (7,111 | ) |
| Other, net | | (18 | ) | | (24 | ) | | (24 | ) | (22 | ) | | (67 | ) | | (16 | ) |
| Net cash flows from investing activities | | (2,443 | ) | | (1,737 | ) | | (1,366 | ) | (11,290 | ) | | (17,032 | ) | | (9,304 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings of long-term debt | | 6,782 |
| | 5,830 |
| | 5,489 |
| 12,344 |
| | 26,045 |
| | 8,806 |
|
| Repayments of long-term debt | | (6,520 | ) | | (5,901 | ) | | (5,072 | ) | (10,521 | ) | | (11,326 | ) | | (1,980 | ) |
| Payments for debt issuance costs | | (50 | ) | | (53 | ) | | (62 | ) | (284 | ) | | (36 | ) | | (6 | ) |
| Issuance of equity | | 5,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | (15 | ) | | (11 | ) | | (733 | ) | (1,562 | ) | | (38 | ) | | (19 | ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants | | 104 |
| | 15 |
| | 5 |
| |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants | | 86 |
| | 30 |
| | 123 |
|
| Settlement of restricted stock units | | (59 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of noncontrolling interest | | (218 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Distributions to noncontrolling interest | | (96 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Proceeds from termination of interest rate derivatives | | 88 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Other, net | | (2 | ) | | (14 | ) | | — |
| 1 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
| Net cash flows from financing activities | | 299 |
| | (134 | ) | | (373 | ) | 4,779 |
| | 14,675 |
| | 6,927 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | 14 |
| | 5 |
| | (2 | ) | 1,530 |
| | 2 |
| | (18 | ) |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | | 7 |
| | 2 |
| | 4 |
| 5 |
| | 3 |
| | 21 |
|
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 2 |
| $ | 1,535 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH PAID FOR INTEREST | | $ | 763 |
| | $ | 904 |
| | $ | 899 |
| $ | 2,685 |
| | $ | 1,064 |
| | $ | 851 |
|
| CASH PAID FOR TAXES | | $ | 63 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 13 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F- 6
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Organization
Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”(together with its controlled subsidiaries, “Charter,” or the “Company”) is the second largest cable operator in the United States and a leading broadband communications company providing video, Internet and voice services to residential and business customers. In addition, the Company sells video and online advertising inventory to local, regional and national advertising customers and fiber-delivered communications and managed information technology solutions to larger enterprise customers. The Company also owns and operates regional sports networks and local sports, news and lifestyle channels and sells security and home management services to the residential marketplace.
Charter is a holding company whose principal asset is a 100% commoncontrolling equity interest in Charter Communications Holding Company,Holdings, LLC (“Charter Holdco”Holdings”)., an indirect owner of Charter owns cable systems through its subsidiaries,Communications Operating, LLC (“Charter Operating”) under which are collectively, with Charter, referred to herein assubstantially all of the “Company.”operations reside. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated.
The Company is a cable operator providing services in the United States. The Company offers to residential and commercial customers traditional cable video programming, Internet services, and voice services, as well as advanced video services such as Charter OnDemand™, high definition television, and digital video recorder (“DVR”) service. The Company sells its cable video programming, Internet, voice, and advanced video services primarily on a subscription basis. The Company also sells local advertising on cable networks and on the Internet and provides fiber connectivity to cellular towers.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principlesU.S. generally accepted in the United Statesaccounting principles (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Areas involving significant judgments and estimates include capitalization of labor and overhead costs; depreciation and amortization costs; purchase accounting valuations of assets and impairments ofliabilities including, but not limited to, property, plant and equipment, intangibles and goodwill; pension benefits; income taxes; contingencies and programming expense. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Mergers and Acquisitions
TWC Transaction
On May 18, 2016, the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Mergers dated as of May 23, 2015 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Time Warner Cable Inc. (“Legacy TWC”), Charter Communications, Inc. prior year amountsto the closing of the Merger Agreement (“Legacy Charter”), CCH I, LLC, previously a wholly owned subsidiary of Legacy Charter (“New Charter”) and certain other subsidiaries of New Charter were completed (the “TWC Transaction,” and together with the Bright House Transaction described below, the “Transactions”). As a result of the TWC Transaction, New Charter became the new public parent company that holds the operations of the combined companies and was renamed Charter Communications, Inc.
Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, upon consummation of the TWC Transaction, each outstanding share of Legacy TWC common stock (other than Legacy TWC common stock held by Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband”) and Liberty Interactive Corporation (“Liberty Interactive” and, collectively, the “Liberty Parties”)), was converted into the right to receive, at the option of each such holder of Legacy TWC common stock, either (a) $100 in cash and Charter Class A common stock equivalent to 0.5409 shares of Legacy Charter Class A common stock (the “Option A Consideration”) or (b) $115 in cash and Charter Class A common stock equivalent to 0.4562 shares of Legacy Charter Class A common stock (the “Option B Consideration”). The actual number of shares of Charter Class A common stock that Legacy TWC stockholders received, excluding the Liberty Parties, was calculated by multiplying the exchange ratios of 0.5409 or 0.4562 specified above by 0.9042 (the “Parent Merger Exchange Ratio”), which was also the exchange ratio that was used to determine the number of shares of Charter Class A common stock that Legacy Charter stockholders received per share of Legacy Charter Class A common stock. Such exchange ratio did not impact the aggregate value represented by the shares of Charter Class A common stock issued in the TWC Transaction; however, it did impact the actual number of shares issued in the TWC Transaction.
Out of approximately 277 million shares of TWC common stock outstanding at the closing of the TWC Transaction, excluding TWC common stock held by the Liberty Parties, approximately 274 million shares were converted into the right to receive the
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Option A Consideration and approximately 3 million shares were converted into the right to receive the Option B Consideration. The Liberty Parties received approximately one share of Charter Class A common stock for each share of Legacy TWC common stock they owned (equivalent to 1.106 shares of Legacy Charter Class A common stock multiplied by the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio).
As of the date of completion of the Transactions, the total value of the TWC Transaction was approximately $85 billion, including cash, equity and Legacy TWC assumed debt. The purchase price also includes an estimated pre-combination vesting period fair value of $514 million for Legacy TWC equity awards converted into Charter awards upon closing of the TWC Transaction (“Converted TWC Awards”) and $69 million of cash paid to former Legacy TWC employees and non-employee directors who held equity awards, whether vested or not vested.
Bright House Transaction
Also, on May 18, 2016, Legacy Charter and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”), the former parent of Bright House Networks, LLC (“Bright House”), completed their previously announced transaction, pursuant to a definitive Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”), under which Charter acquired Bright House (the “Bright House Transaction”). Pursuant to the Bright House Transaction, Charter became the owner of the membership interests in Bright House and the other assets primarily related to Bright House (other than certain excluded assets and liabilities and non-operating cash). As of the date of acquisition, the purchase price totaled approximately $12.2 billion consisting of (a) $2.0 billion in cash, (b) 25 million convertible preferred units of Charter Holdings with a face amount of $2.5 billion that pay a 6% annual preferential dividend, (c) approximately 31.0 million common units of Charter Holdings that are exchangeable into Charter Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis and (d) one share of Charter Class B common stock. These Charter Holdings common and convertible preferred units held by A/N are recorded in noncontrolling interests as permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 11 for conversion features of the Charter Holdings common and preferred units and Note 10 for the terms of the Charter Class B common stock.
Liberty Transaction
In connection with the TWC Transaction, Legacy Charter and Liberty Broadband completed their previously announced transactions pursuant to their investment agreement, in which Liberty Broadband purchased for cash approximately 22.0 million shares of Charter Class A common stock valued at $4.3 billion at the closing of the TWC Transaction to partially finance the cash portion of the TWC Transaction consideration, and in connection with the Bright House Transaction, Liberty Broadband purchased approximately 3.7 million shares of Charter Class A common stock valued at $700 million at the closing of the Bright House Transaction (the “Liberty Transaction”).
Financing for the Transactions
Charter partially financed the cash portion of the purchase price of the Transactions with additional indebtedness and cash on hand. In 2015, Legacy Charter issued $15.5 billion aggregate principal amount of CCO Safari II, LLC (“CCO Safari II”) senior secured notes, $3.8 billion aggregate principal amount of CCO Safari III, LLC (“CCO Safari III”) senior secured bank loans and $2.5 billion aggregate principal amount of CCOH Safari, LLC (“CCOH Safari”) senior unsecured notes. The net proceeds were initially deposited into escrow accounts. Upon closing of the TWC Transaction, the proceeds were released from escrow and the CCOH Safari notes became obligations of CCO Holdings, LLC (“CCO Holdings”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Charter Holdings, and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. (“CCO Holdings Capital”), and the CCO Safari II notes and CCO Safari III credit facilities became obligations of Charter Operating and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. CCOH Safari merged into CCO Holdings and CCO Safari II and CCO Safari III merged into Charter Operating.
In connection with the closing of the Bright House Transaction, Charter Operating closed on a $2.6 billion aggregate principal amount term loan A facility (“Term Loan A”) pursuant to the terms of Charter Operating’s Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated May 18, 2016 (the “Credit Agreement”) of which $2.0 billion was used to fund the cash portion of the Bright House Transaction and $638 million was used to prepay and terminate Charter Operating’s existing Term A-1 Loans. See Note 9.
Acquisition Accounting
The Transactions enable Charter to apply its operating strategy to a larger set of assets, accelerate product development and innovation through greater scale as well as more effectively compete in medium and large commercial markets. The operating
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
results of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House have been reclassifiedincluded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the period from the date of the Transactions through December 31, 2016. Revenues included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations were $16.0 billion and $2.6 billion for Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Charter applied acquisition accounting to conformthe Transactions. The total purchase price was allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The fair values were primarily based on third-party valuations using assumptions developed by management and other information compiled by management including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill recognized in the Transactions is representative of resources that do not meet the definition of an identifiable intangible asset and include buy-side synergies, economies of scale of the combined operations, increased market share, assembled workforces and improved credit rating.
The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were preliminarily determined using the income, cost and market approaches. The fair values were primarily based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represent a Level 3 measurement, other than long-term debt assumed in the TWC Transaction, which represents a Level 1 measurement. See Note 13.
Property, plant and equipment was valued utilizing the cost approach. The cost approach considers the amount required to replace an asset by constructing or purchasing a new asset with similar utility, then adjusts the value in consideration of all forms of depreciation as of the appraisal date as described below:
Physical depreciation - the loss in value or usefulness attributable solely to use of the asset and physical causes such as wear and tear and exposure to the elements.
Functional obsolescence - the loss in value due to factors inherent in the asset itself and due to changes in technology, design or process resulting in inadequacy, overcapacity, lack of functional utility or excess operating costs.
Economic obsolescence - the loss in value due to unfavorable external conditions such as economics of the industry or geographic area, or change in ordinances.
The cost approach relies on assumptions regarding current material and labor costs required to rebuild and repurchase significant components of property, plant and equipment along with assumptions regarding the age and estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment.
Franchise rights and customer relationships were valued using an income approach model based on the present value of the estimated discrete future cash flows attributable to each of the intangible assets identified. See Note 6 for more information on the income approach model. The weighted average life of customer relationships acquired in the TWC Transaction and Bright House Transaction was 11 years and 10 years, respectively.
The fair value of equity investments was based on either applying implied multiples to estimated cash flows or utilizing a discounted cash flow model. The implied multiples were estimated based on precedent transactions and comparable companies. The discounted cash flow model required estimating the present value of future cash flows of the investee.
Legacy TWC long-term debt assumed was adjusted to fair value based on quoted market prices. At the acquisition date, the quoted market values of all but two of Legacy TWC’s bonds were higher than the principal amount of the related debt instrument, which resulted in the recognition of a net debt premium of approximately $2.4 billion. The quoted market value of a debt instrument is higher than the principal amount of the debt when the market interest rates are lower than the stated interest rate of the debt. This debt premium is amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining life of the applicable debt.
Generally, no fair value adjustments were reflected in current assets and current liabilities as carrying value is estimated to approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of the items, except for risk management obligations. Risk management obligations assumed including various claims for workers compensation, employment practices, and auto and general liabilities were measured at fair value as of the acquisition date based on an actuarially determined study. Fair value adjustments were reflected in other noncurrent assets and other long-term liabilities relating to contract-based assets and liabilities, capital lease obligations, deferred liabilities and net pension liabilities. Out-of-market contract-based assets and liabilities relating to non-cancelable executory contracts and operating leases were recognized based on discounted cash flow models to the extent the terms
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
of the non-cancelable contracts are favorable or unfavorable compared with the 2013 presentation.relative market terms of the same or similar contract at the acquisition date. The out-of-market element will be amortized as if the contract were consummated at market terms on the acquisition date. Capital lease obligations were measured at fair value based on the present value of amounts to be paid under the lease agreement using a market participant discount rate. Deferred liabilities were not recorded in acquisition accounting to the extent there was no associated payment obligation or substantive performance obligation. The net pension liabilities assumed in the TWC Transaction were measured at fair value based on an actuarially determined projected benefit obligation, less the fair value of pension investments, as of the acquisition date. See Note 21 for fair value assumptions considered in acquisition accounting for the net pension liabilities.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities were recorded for the deferred tax impact of acquisition accounting adjustments primarily related to property, plant and equipment, franchises, customer relationships and assumed Legacy TWC long-term debt. The incremental deferred tax liabilities were calculated primarily based on the tax effect of the step-up in book basis of net assets of Legacy TWC excluding the amount attributable to nondeductible goodwill.
The Charter Class A common stock issued to Legacy TWC stockholders and Charter Holdings common units issued to A/N were valued based on the opening share price of Charter Class A common stock on the acquisition date. The convertible preferred units of Charter Holdings issued to A/N were valued at approximately $3.2 billion based on a binomial lattice model for convertible bonds that models the future changes in the common equity value of Charter. The valuation relies on management’s assumptions including risk-free interest rate, volatility and discount yield. The pre-combination vesting period fair value of the Converted TWC Awards was based on the portion of the requisite service period completed at the acquisition date by Legacy TWC employee award holders applied to the total fair value of the Converted TWC Awards.
The allocation of the purchase price to certain assets and liabilities is preliminary and is subject to change based on additional information that may be obtained during the measurement period primarily related to working capital measurement. The Company will continue to obtain information to assist in finalizing the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which is not expected to differ materially from the preliminary estimates herein. The Company will apply any measurement period adjustments, including any related impacts to net income (loss), in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The tables below present the calculation of the purchase price and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Transactions.
TWC Purchase Price
|
| | | |
| Shares of Charter Class A common stock issued (including the Liberty Parties) (in millions) | 143.0 |
|
| Charter Class A common stock closing price per share | $ | 224.91 |
|
| Fair value of Charter Class A common stock issued | $ | 32,164 |
|
| | |
| Cash paid to Legacy TWC stockholders (excluding the Liberty Parties) | $ | 27,770 |
|
| Pre-combination vesting period fair value of Converted TWC Awards | 514 |
|
| Cash paid for Legacy TWC non-employee equity awards | 69 |
|
| Total purchase price | $ | 60,517 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
TWC Preliminary Allocation of Purchase Price
|
| | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,058 |
|
| Current assets | 1,308 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment | 21,413 |
|
| Customer relationships | 13,460 |
|
| Franchises | 54,085 |
|
| Goodwill | 28,292 |
|
| Other noncurrent assets | 1,040 |
|
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (3,925 | ) |
| Debt | (24,900 | ) |
| Deferred income taxes | (28,148 | ) |
| Other long-term liabilities | (3,162 | ) |
| Noncontrolling interests | (4 | ) |
| | $ | 60,517 |
|
Since completion of the initial estimates in the second quarter of 2016, the Company made measurement period adjustments to the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the TWC Transaction, including a decrease of $163 million to property, plant and equipment; a decrease of $240 million to customer relationships; an increase of $690 million to franchises; an increase to other operating net liabilities of $215 million; and a decrease of $4 million to deferred income taxes; resulting in a net decrease to goodwill of $76 million. These adjustments were made primarily to reflect updated appraisal results.
The measurement period adjustment to intangibles resulted in a decrease of $20 million in amortization expense relating to the prior quarters that was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2016. The measurement period adjustment to property, plant and equipment resulted in an increase of $12 million in depreciation expense relating to the second quarter that was recorded in the third quarter of 2016. The Company may record additional measurement period adjustments in future periods.
Bright House Purchase Price
|
| | | |
| Charter Holdings common units issued to A/N (in millions) | 31.0 |
|
| Charter Class A common stock closing price per share | $ | 224.91 |
|
| Fair value of Charter Holdings common units issued to A/N | $ | 6,971 |
|
| | |
| Fair value of Charter Holdings convertible preferred units issued to A/N | 3,163 |
|
| Cash paid to A/N | 2,022 |
|
| Total purchase price | $ | 12,156 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Bright House Preliminary Allocation of Purchase Price
|
| | | |
| Current assets | $ | 131 |
|
| Property, plant and equipment | 2,884 |
|
| Customer relationships | 2,150 |
|
| Franchises | 7,225 |
|
| Goodwill | 44 |
|
| Other noncurrent assets | 86 |
|
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (330 | ) |
| Other long-term liabilities | (12 | ) |
| Noncontrolling interests | (22 | ) |
| | $ | 12,156 |
|
Since completion of the initial estimates in the second quarter of 2016, the Company made measurement period adjustments to the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Bright House Transaction, including a decrease of $382 million to property, plant and equipment; an increase of $110 million to customer relationships; an increase of $381 million to franchises; and a decrease of $1 million to current assets resulting in a decrease to goodwill of $108 million. These adjustments were made primarily to reflect updated appraisal results.
The measurement period adjustment to intangibles resulted in an increase of $7 million in amortization expense relating to the prior quarters that was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2016. The measurement period adjustment to property, plant and equipment in the third quarter had an inconsequential impact on depreciation expense recorded in the prior quarter. The Company may record additional measurement period adjustments in future periods.
Selected Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information of the Company is based on the historical consolidated financial statements of Legacy Charter, Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House and is intended to provide information about how the Transactions and related financing may have affected the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements if they had closed as of January 1, 2015. The pro forma financial information below is based on available information and assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable. The pro forma financial information is for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what the Company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the transactions described above occurred on the date indicated. The pro forma financial information also should not be considered representative of the Company’s future financial condition or results of operations.
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Revenues | $ | 40,023 |
| | $ | 37,394 |
|
| Net income attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 1,070 |
| | $ | 159 |
|
| Earnings per common share attributable to Charter shareholders: | | | |
| Basic | $ | 3.97 |
| | $ | 0.59 |
|
| Diluted | $ | 3.91 |
| | $ | 0.58 |
|
2.3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Charter and its wholly owned subsidiaries.all entities in which Charter has a controlling interest. The Company consolidates based upon evaluation of the Company’s power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of another entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; its obligation to
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
absorb the expected losses of the entity; and its right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity. Charter controls and consolidates Charter Holdings. The noncontrolling interest on the Company’s balance sheet primarily represents A/N’s minority equity interests in Charter Holdings. See Note 11. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated.eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates market value. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and commercial paper.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Proceeds from the issuance of certain long-term debt were deposited into escrow accounts and were used for acquisition financing and were contractually restricted as to their withdrawal or use. See Note 2. The amounts held in escrow were classified as noncurrent restricted cash and cash equivalents consistedin the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of amounts held in escrow accounts pending final resolution from the Bankruptcy Court. In April 2013, the restrictions on theDecember 31, 2015. The Company’s restricted cash and cash equivalents were resolved. primarily invested in money market funds and 90-day or less commercial paper. The changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents are presented as an investing activity in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Additions to property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, including all material, labor and certain indirect costs associated with the construction of cable transmission and distribution facilities. While the Company’s capitalization is based on specific activities, once capitalized, costs are tracked on a composite basis by fixed asset category at the cable system level and not on a specific asset basis. For assets that are sold or retired, the estimated historical cost and related accumulated depreciation is removed. Costs associated with the initial placement of the customer installationsdrop to the dwelling and the additionsinitial placement of networkoutlets within a dwelling along with the costs associated with the initial deployment of customer premise equipment necessary to enable advancedprovide video, Internet or voice services are capitalized. Costs capitalized as part of initial customer installations include materials, direct labor, and certain indirect costs. Indirect costs are associated with the activities of the Company’s personnel who assist in connectinginstallation activities and activating the new service and
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
consist of compensation and other costs associated with these support functions. Indirect costs primarily include employee benefits and payroll taxes, direct variablevehicle and occupancy costs, associated with capitalizable activities, consisting primarilyand the costs of installationsales and construction, vehicle costs, the cost of dispatch personnel and indirect costs directly attributable toassociated with capitalizable activities. The costs of disconnecting service atand removing customer premise equipment from a customer’s dwelling and the costs to reconnect a customer drop or reconnecting service to aredeploy previously installed dwellingcustomer premise equipment are charged to operating expense in the periodexpensed as incurred. Costs for repairs and maintenance are charged to operating expense as incurred, while plant and equipment replacement, andincluding replacement of certain components, betterments, including replacement of cable drops from the pole to the dwelling,and outlets, are capitalized.
Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line composite method over management’s estimate of the useful lives of the related assets as follows:
|
| | |
| Cable distribution systems | | 7-20 years |
| Customer premise equipment and installations | | 4-83-8 years |
| Vehicles and equipment | | 1-63-6 years |
Buildings and leasehold improvements | | 15-40 years |
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | | 6-10 years |
Asset Retirement Obligations
Certain of the Company’s franchise agreements and leases contain provisions requiring the Company to restore facilities or remove equipment in the event that the franchise or lease agreement is not renewed. The Company expects to continually renew its franchise agreements and has concludedtherefore cannot reasonably estimate any liabilities associated with such agreements. A remote possibility exists that all of the related franchise rights are indefinite lived intangible assets. Accordingly, the possibility is remote thatagreements could be terminated unexpectedly, which could result in the Company would be required to incurincurring significant expense in complying with restoration or removal costs related to these franchise agreements in the foreseeable future. A liability is required to be recognized for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made.provisions. The Company hasdoes not recorded an estimate for potential franchise related obligations, but would record an estimated liability in the unlikely event a franchise agreement containing such a provision were no longer expected to be renewed. The Company also expects to renew many of its lease agreements related to the continued operation of its cable business in the franchise areas. For the Company’s lease agreements, the estimatedhave any significant liabilities related to the removal provisions, where applicable, have beenasset retirements recorded and are not significant to thein its consolidated financial statements.
Franchises
Franchise rights represent the value attributed to agreements or authorizations with local and state authorities that allow access to homes in cable service areas. Management estimates the fair value of franchise rights at the date of acquisition and determines if the franchise has a finite life or an indefinite life. All franchises that qualify for indefinite life treatment are tested for impairment annually or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances (see Note 6). The Company has concluded that all of its existing franchises qualify for indefinite life treatment.
Customer Relationships
Customer relationships represent the value attributable to the Company’s business relationships with its current customers including the right to deploy and market additional services to these customers. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis over the period the relationships with current customers are expected to generate cash flows (8-15 years).
Goodwill
The Company assesses the recoverability of its goodwill as of November 30 of each year, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.
Other Non-current Assets
Other non-current assets primarily include trademarks, right-of-entry costs and deferred financing costs. Trademarks have been determined to have an indefinite life and are tested annually for impairment. Right-of-entry costs represent costs incurred related to agreements entered into with landlords, real estate companies or owners to gain access to a building in order to provide cable
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
service. Right-of-entry costs are generally deferred and amortized to amortization expense over the term of the agreement. Costs related to borrowings are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the terms of the related borrowings.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets (e.g., property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets) to be held and used when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Such events or changes in circumstances could include such factors as impairment of the Company’s indefinite life assets, changes in technological advances, fluctuations in the fair value of such assets, adverse changes in relationships with local franchise authorities, adverse changes in market conditions or a deterioration of operating results. If a review indicates that the carrying value of such asset is not recoverable from estimated undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value of such asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. While the Company believes that its estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect its evaluations of asset recoverability. No impairments of long-lived assets to be held and used were recorded in 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014.
Derivative Financial InstrumentsOther Noncurrent Assets
GainsOther noncurrent assets primarily include investments, trademarks, right-of-entry costs and other intangible assets. The Company accounts for its investments in less than majority owned investees under either the equity or losses relatedcost method. The Company applies the equity method to derivativeinvestments when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial instruments which qualify as hedging activities are recordedpolicies of the investee. The Company’s share of the investee’s earnings (losses) is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. For all other derivative instruments, the related gains or losses are recordedexpense, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company uses interest rate swap agreementsmonitors its investments for indicators that a decrease in investment value has occurred that is other than temporary. If it has been determined that an investment has sustained an other than temporary decline in value, the investment is written down to manage its interest costs and reducefair value with a charge to earnings. Investments acquired are measured at fair value utilizing the Company’s exposure to increases in floating interest rates.acquisition method of accounting. The Company manages its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. Using interest rate swap agreements, the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals through 2017, the difference between fixedthe fair value and variable interestthe amount of underlying equity in net assets for most equity method investments is due to previously unrecognized intangible assets at the investee. These amounts calculated by referenceare amortized as a component of equity earnings (losses), recorded within other expense, net over the estimated useful life of the asset. Trademarks have been determined to agreed-upon notional principal amounts. The Company does not holdhave an indefinite life and are tested annually for impairment. Right-of-entry costs represent costs incurred related to agreements entered into with landlords, real estate companies or issue any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.owners to gain access to a building in order to provide cable service. Right-of-entry costs are generally deferred and amortized to amortization expense over the term of the agreement.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues from residential and commercial video, Internet and voice services are recognized when the related services are provided. Advertising sales are recognized at estimated realizable values in the period that the advertisements are broadcast. In some cases, the Company coordinates the advertising sales efforts of other cable operators in a certain market and remits amounts received from customers less an agreed-upon percentage to such cable operator. For those arrangements in which the Company acts as a principal, the Company records the revenues earned from the advertising customer on a gross basis and the amount remitted to the cable operator as an operating expense.
Fees imposed on Charterthe Company by various governmental authorities are passed through on a monthly basis to the Company’s customers and are periodically remitted to authorities. Fees of $263711 million, $260255 million and $249248 million for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively, are reported in video, voice and commercial revenues, on a gross basis with a corresponding operating expense because the Company is acting as a principal. Other taxes, such as sales taxes imposed on the Company'sCompany’s customers, collected and remitted to state and local authorities, are recorded on a net basis because the Company is acting as an agent in such situation.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The Company’s revenues by product line are as follows:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Video | $ | 4,030 |
| | $ | 3,639 |
| | $ | 3,639 |
| $ | 11,967 |
| | $ | 4,587 |
| | $ | 4,443 |
|
| Internet | 2,186 |
| | 1,866 |
| | 1,708 |
| 9,272 |
| | 3,003 |
| | 2,576 |
|
| Voice | 644 |
| | 828 |
| | 858 |
| 2,005 |
| | 539 |
| | 575 |
|
| Commercial | 822 |
| | 658 |
| | 544 |
| |
| Residential revenue | | 23,244 |
| | 8,129 |
| | 7,594 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Small and medium business | | 2,480 |
| | 764 |
| | 676 |
|
| Enterprise | | 1,429 |
| | 363 |
| | 317 |
|
| Commercial revenue | | 3,909 |
| | 1,127 |
| | 993 |
|
| | | | | | | |
| Advertising sales | 291 |
| | 334 |
| | 292 |
| 1,235 |
| | 309 |
| | 341 |
|
| Other | 182 |
| | 179 |
| | 163 |
| 615 |
| | 189 |
| | 180 |
|
| | | | | | | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | 9,108 |
|
| | $ | 8,155 |
| | $ | 7,504 |
| | $ | 7,204 |
| |
Programming Costs
The Company has various contracts to obtain basic, digital and premium video programming from programming vendors whose compensation is typically based on a flat fee per customer. The cost of the right to exhibit network programming under such arrangements is recorded in operating expenses in the month the programming is available for exhibition. Programming costs are paid each month based on calculations performed by the Company and are subject to periodic audits performed by the programmers. Certain programming contracts contain incentives to be paid by the programmers. The Company receives these payments and recognizes the incentives on a straight-line basis over the life of the programming agreement as a reduction of programming expense. This offset to programming expense was $7 million, $6 millionProgramming costs included in the statements of operations were $7.0 billion, $2.7 billion and $7 million$2.5 billion for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 2011, respectively. Programming costs included in the accompanying statements of operations were $2.1 billion, $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 20112014, respectively.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs associated with marketing the Company’s products and services are generally expensed as costs are incurred. Such advertising expense was $357 million, $325 million and $285 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Multiple-Element Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into multiple-element transactions where it is simultaneously both a customer and a vendor with the same counterparty or in which it purchases multiple products and/or services, or settles outstanding items contemporaneous with the purchase of a product or service from a single counterparty. Transactions, although negotiated contemporaneously, may be documented in one or more contracts. The Company’s policy for accounting for each transaction negotiated contemporaneously is to record each element of the transaction based on the respective estimated fair values of the products or services purchased and the products or services sold. In determining the fair value of the respective elements, the Company refers to quoted market prices (where available), historical transactions or comparable cash transactions. Cash consideration received from a vendor is recorded as a reduction in the price of the vendor’s product unless (i) the consideration is for the reimbursement of a specific, incremental, identifiable cost incurred, in which case the cash consideration received would be recorded as a reduction in such cost (e.g., marketing costs), or (ii) an identifiable benefit in exchange for the consideration is provided, in which case revenue would be recognized for this element.
Stock-Based Compensation
Restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options and performance units and sharesas well as equity awards with market conditions are measured at the grant date fair value and amortized to stock compensation expense over the requisite service period. The Company recorded $48 million, $50 million and $36 million of stock compensation expense which is included in operating costs and expenses and other operating expenses, net for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The fair value of options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the fair value of equity awards with market conditions is estimated on the date of grant using Monte Carlo simulations for options and restricted stock units with market conditions.simulations. The grant date weighted average assumptions used during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were: risk-free interest rate of 1.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%;
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were: risk-free interest rate of 1.7%, 1.5% and 2.0%; expected volatility of 37.8%25.4%, 38.4%34.7% and 38.4%36.9%,; and expected lives of 6.31.3 years, 6.36.5 years and 6.66.5 years. The grant date weightedWeighted average cost of equityassumptions for 2016 include the assumptions used was 16.2%, 16.2% and 15.5% duringfor the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.Converted TWC Awards. Volatility assumptions were based on historical volatility of Legacy Charter and a peer group.Legacy TWC. The Company’s volatility assumptions represent management’s best estimate and were partially based on historical volatility of a peer group because management does not believe Charter’s pre-emergence from bankruptcy historical volatilityLegacy TWC due to be representativethe completion of its future volatility.the Transactions. Expected lives were calculated based on the simplified-method due to insufficientestimated using historical exercise data. The valuations assume no dividends are paid.
Pension Plans
The Company sponsors the TWC Pension Plan, TWC Union Pension Plan and TWC Excess Pension Plan (as defined in Note 21). Pension benefits are based on formulas that reflect the employees’ years of service and compensation during their employment period. Actuarial gains or losses are changes in the amount of either the benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets resulting from experience different from that assumed or from changes in assumptions. The Company has elected to follow a mark-to-market pension accounting policy for recording the actuarial gains or losses annually during the fourth quarter, or earlier if a remeasurement event occurs during an interim period.
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing loss carryforwards. Since substantially all the Company’s operations are held through its partnership interest in Charter Holdings, the primary deferred tax component recorded in the consolidated balance sheet relates to the excess financial reporting outside basis, excluding amounts attributable to nondeductible goodwill, over Charter’s tax basis in its investment in the partnership. Valuation allowances are established when management determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and tax law, if any, applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled, are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment (see Note 16).
Loss per Common Share
Basic loss per common share is computed by dividingenactment. In determining the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the respective periods. Diluted loss per common share equals basic loss per common shareCompany’s tax provision for the periods presented, as the effect of stock options and other convertible securities are anti-dilutive becausefinancial reporting purposes, the Company incurred net losses.establishes a reserve for uncertain tax positions unless such positions are determined to be “more likely than not” of being sustained upon examination, based on their technical merits. There is considerable judgment involved in making such a determination. Interest and penalties are recognized on uncertain income tax positions as part of the income tax provision. See Note 17.
Segments
The Company’s operations are conducted through the use of a unified network and are managed and reported to its Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"(“CEO”), the Company'sCompany’s chief operating decision maker, on a consolidated basis. The CEO assesses performance and allocates resources based on the consolidated results of operations. Under this organizational and reporting structure, the Company has one reportable segment, broadbandcable services.
3. Acquisition of Bresnan
On July 1, 2013, Charter and Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating") acquired Bresnan Broadband Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Bresnan”) from a wholly owned subsidiary of Cablevision Systems Corporation ("Cablevision"), for $1.625 billion in cash, subject to a working capital adjustment, a reduction for certain funded indebtedness of Bresnan and payment of any post-closing refunds of certain Montana property taxes paid under protest by Bresnan prior to the closing. Bresnan manages cable operating systems in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. Charter funded the purchase of Bresnan with a $1.5 billion term loan E (see Note 8) and borrowings under the Charter Operating credit facilities. The Company also incurred acquisition related costs of approximately $16 million, which are included in other expense, net and interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013.
The Company applied acquisition accounting to Bresnan, and its results of operations are included in the Company's consolidated results of operations following the acquisition date. The total purchase price was allocated to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values using Level 3 inputs (see Note 12).
The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded as goodwill. The fair value assigned to certain identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based upon a third party valuation using the assumptions developed by management and other information compiled by management including, but not limited to, future expected cash flows. Certain liabilities assumed were based upon quoted market prices.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The tables below present the calculation of the purchase price and the allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired.
Purchase Price:
|
| | | | |
| Purchase price | $ | 1,625 |
|
| Bresnan debt assumed (including accrued interest) | (962 | ) |
| Working capital adjustment | 13 |
|
| | Cash purchase price, net of cash acquired | $ | 676 |
|
Purchase Price Allocation:
|
| | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | $ | 515 |
|
| Franchises | 722 |
|
| Customer relationships | 249 |
|
| Goodwill | 224 |
|
| Other noncurrent assets | 4 |
|
| Current assets | 16 |
|
| Current liabilities | (69 | ) |
| Long-term debt (including accrued interest) | (985 | ) |
| | Cash purchase price, net of cash acquired | $ | 676 |
|
Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, Charter Operating repaid $711 million principal amount outstanding under the Bresnan credit facility and purchased $250 million aggregate principal amount of the 8.00% senior notes due 2018 issued by Bresnan (the “2018 Notes”) for $274 million, including approximately $23 million of tender premium. The 2018 Notes were initially recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, which approximated the principal amount plus the tender premium, with the offset to goodwill.
Charter's consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 included $270 million of revenue and $17 million of net loss, including $16 million of acquisition related costs described above, from the acquisition of Bresnan.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information of Charter is based on the historical consolidated financial statements of Charter and the historical consolidated financial statements of Bresnan and is intended to provide information about how the acquisition of Bresnan and related financing may have affected Charter's historical consolidated financial statements if they had closed as of January 1, 2012. The pro forma financial information below is based on available information and assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable. The pro forma financial information is for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what Charter's financial condition or results of operations would have been had the transactions described above occurred on the date indicated. The pro forma financial information also should not be considered representative of Charter's future financial condition or results of operations.
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
| Revenues | $ | 8,419 |
| | $ | 8,017 |
|
| Net loss | $ | (194 | ) | | $ | (392 | ) |
| Loss per common share, basic and diluted | $ | (1.90 | ) | | $ | (3.93 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
4. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized as follows for the years presented:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 17 |
| $ | 21 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 19 |
|
| Charged to expense | 101 |
| | 105 |
| | 117 |
| 328 |
| | 135 |
| | 122 |
|
| Uncollected balances written off, net of recoveries | (96 | ) | | (107 | ) | | (118 | ) | (225 | ) | | (136 | ) | | (119 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
| Balance, end of period | $ | 19 |
| | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 16 |
| $ | 124 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 22 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015:
| | | | | December 31, | | | | | |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | December 31, |
| | | | | | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Cable distribution systems | | $ | 7,556 |
| | $ | 6,588 |
| | $ | 23,317 |
| | $ | 8,158 |
|
| Customer equipment and installations | | 4,061 |
| | 3,292 |
| |
| Customer premise equipment and installations | | | 12,867 |
| | 4,632 |
|
| Vehicles and equipment | | 270 |
| | 195 |
| | 1,212 |
| | 384 |
|
| Buildings and leasehold improvements | | 425 |
| | 342 |
| |
| Buildings and improvements | | | 3,426 |
| | 570 |
|
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | | 456 |
| | 352 |
| | 3,244 |
| | 1,119 |
|
| | | | | | |
| | | 12,768 |
| | 10,769 |
| | 44,066 |
| | 14,863 |
|
| Less: accumulated depreciation | | (4,787 | ) | | (3,563 | ) | | (11,103 | ) | | (6,518 | ) |
| | | | | | | $ | 32,963 |
| | $ | 8,345 |
|
| | | $ | 7,981 |
| | $ | 7,206 |
| |
The Company periodically evaluates the estimated useful lives used to depreciate its assets and the estimated amount of assets that will be abandoned or have minimal use in the future. A significant change in assumptions about the extent or timing of future asset retirements, or in the Company’s use of new technology and upgrade programs, could materially affect future depreciation expense.
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014 was $1.65.0 billion, $1.41.9 billion, and $1.31.8 billion, respectively. Property, plant and equipment increased $515 millionby $24.3 billion as a result of cable system acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2013.Transactions. See Note 2.
6. Franchises, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Franchise rights represent the value attributed to agreements or authorizations with local and state authorities that allow access to homes in cable service areas. For valuation purposes, they are defined as the future economic benefits of the right to solicit and service potential customers (customer marketing rights), and the right to deploy and market new services to potential customers (service marketing rights).
Franchise assets are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. Franchise assets are aggregated into essentially inseparable units of accounting to conduct valuations. The units of accounting generally represent geographical clustering of our cable systems into groups.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible asset has been impaired. If, after this qualitative assessment, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible asset has been impaired, then no further quantitative testing is necessary. In completing the 2013 and 2012 impairment testing, the Company evaluated the impact of various factors to the expected future cash flows attributable to its units of accounting and to the assumed discount rate which would be used to present value those cash flows. Such factors included macro-economic and industry conditions including the capital markets, regulatory, and competitive environment, and costs of programming and customer premise equipment along with changes to our organizational structure and strategies. After consideration of these qualitative factors, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not thatManagement estimates the fair value of franchise rights at the date of acquisition and determines if the franchise assetshas a finite life or an indefinite life. The Company has concluded that all of its franchises, including those acquired as part of the Transactions, qualify for indefinite life treatment given that there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors which limit the period over which these rights will contribute to our cash flows. We reassess this determination periodically or whenever events or substantive changes in each unit of accounting exceeds the carrying value of such assets and therefore did not perform a quantitative analysis in 2013 or 2012.circumstances occur.
If we are required to perform a quantitative analysis to test the Company's franchise assets for impairment, the Company determines theThe estimated fair value of franchises is determined utilizing an income approach model based on the present value of the estimated discrete future cash flows attributable to each of the intangible assets identified assuming a discount rate. The fair value of franchises is determined based on estimated discrete discounted future cash flows using assumptions consistent with internal forecasts. The franchise after-tax cash flow is calculated as the after-tax cash flow generated by the potential customers obtained. The sum of the present value of the franchises’ after-tax cash flow in years 1 through 10 and the continuing value of the after-tax cash flow beyond year 10 yields the fair value of the franchises.
This approach makes use of unobservable factors such as projected revenues, expenses, capital expenditures, customer trends, and a discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows. The determination of the franchise discount rate is based on aderived from the Company’s weighted average cost of capital, approach, which uses a market participant’s cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt and reflects the risks inherent in the cash flows.
The Company estimates discounted future cash flows using reasonable and appropriate assumptions including among others, penetration rates for video, high-speed Internet, and voice; revenue growth rates; operating margins; and capital expenditures. The assumptions are based on the Company’s and its peers’ historical operating performance adjusted for current and expected competitive and economic factors surrounding the cable industry. The estimates and assumptions made in the Company’s valuations are inherently subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond its control, and there is no assurance that these results can be achieved. The primary assumptions for which there is a reasonable possibility of the occurrence of a variation that would significantly affect the measurement value include the assumptions regarding revenue growth,
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
programming expense growth rates, the amount and timing of capital expenditures, actual customer trends and the discount rate utilized. The quantitative franchise valuation completed for the year ended December 31, 2011 showed franchise values in excess of book values and thus resulted in no impairment.
All franchises are tested for impairment annually or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. Franchise assets are aggregated into essentially inseparable units of accounting to conduct valuations. The units of accounting generally represent geographical clustering of our cable systems into groups. The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible asset has been impaired. If, after this optional qualitative assessment, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that an indefinite lived intangible asset has been impaired, then no further quantitative testing is necessary. In completing the qualitative impairment testing, the Company evaluates a multitude of factors that affect the fair value of our franchise assets. Examples of such factors include environmental and competitive changes within our operating footprint, actual and projected operating performance, the consistency of our operating margins, equity and debt market trends, including changes in our market capitalization, and changes in our regulatory and political landscape, among other factors. After consideration of the qualitative factors, in 2016 the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the franchise assets in each unit of accounting exceeds the carrying value of such assets and therefore did not perform a quantitative analysis. Periodically, the Company will elect to perform a quantitative analysis for impairment testing. If the Company elects or is required to perform a quantitative analysis to test its franchise assets for impairment, the methodology described above is utilized.
The fair value of goodwill is determined using both an income approach and market approach. The Company’s income approach model used for its goodwill valuation is consistent with that used for its franchise valuation noted above except that cash flows from the entire business enterprise are used for the goodwill valuation. The Company’s market approach model estimates the fair value of the reporting unit based on market prices in actual precedent transactions of similar businesses and market valuations of guideline public companies. Goodwill is tested for impairment as of November 30 of each year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances. Accounting guidance also permits aan optional qualitative assessment for goodwill to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. If, after this qualitative assessment, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount then no further quantitative testing would be necessary. If the Company elects or is required to perform the two-step test under the accounting guidance, the first step involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of eachthe reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the estimated fair value of athe reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired and the second step of the goodwill impairment is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed, and a comparison of the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to its carrying amount to determine the amount of impairment, if any. The fair value of the reporting unit, when performing the second step of the goodwill impairment test, is determined using a consistent income approach model as that used for franchise impairment testing. As with the Company'sCompany’s franchise impairment testing, in 2013 and 2012,2016 the Company elected to perform a qualitative assessment for its goodwill impairment testingassessment and concluded that goodwill is not impaired. The Company’s 2011 quantitative impairment analysis also did not result in any goodwill impairment charges.
Customer relationships are recorded at fair value as of the date acquired less accumulated amortization. Customer relationships, for valuation purposes, represent the value of the business relationship with existing customers, (less the anticipated customer churn), and are calculated by projecting the discrete future after-tax cash flows from these customers, including the right to deploy and market additional services to these customers. The present value of these after-tax cash flows yields the fair value of the customer relationships. The use of different valuation assumptions or definitions of franchises or customer relationships, such as our inclusion of the value of selling additional services to our current customers within customer relationships versus franchises, could significantly impact our valuations and any resulting impairment. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated sum of years’ digits method over useful lives of 8-158-15 years based on the period over which current customers are expected to generate cash flows. The Company periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives of its customer relationships to determine whether events or circumstances warrant revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Customer relationships are evaluated for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances indicating that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Customer relationships are deemed impaired when the carrying value exceeds the projected undiscounted future cash flows associated with the customer relationships. No impairment of customer relationships was recorded in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014.
The fair value of trademarks is determined using the relief-from-royalty method, a variation of the income approach, which applies a fair royalty rate to estimated revenue.revenue derived under the Company’s trademarks. The fair value of the intangible is estimated to be the present value of the royalty saved because the Company owns the trademarks. Royalty rates are estimated based on a review of market royalty rates in the communications and entertainment industries. As the Company expects to continue to use each trademark indefinitely, trademarks have been assigned an indefinite life and are tested annually for impairment using either a qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis as elected by management. The qualitativeAs with the Company’s franchise impairment testing, in
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
analyses in 2013 and 2012 did not identify any factors that would indicate that it was more likely than not that2016 the fair value of trademarks were less than the carrying value and thus resulted in no impairment. The Company’s 2011 quantitative impairment analysis did not result in anyCompany elected to perform a qualitative trademark impairment charges.assessment and concluded that trademarks are not impaired.
As of December 31, 20132016 and 2012, indefinite lived2015, indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets are presented in the following table:
| | | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indefinite lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indefinite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Franchises | | $ | 6,009 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,009 |
| | $ | 5,287 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 5,287 |
| | $ | 67,316 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 67,316 |
| | $ | 6,006 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,006 |
|
| Goodwill | | 1,177 |
| | — |
| | 1,177 |
| | 953 |
| | — |
| | 953 |
| | 29,509 |
| | — |
| | 29,509 |
| | 1,168 |
| | — |
| | 1,168 |
|
| Trademarks | | 158 |
| | — |
| | 158 |
| | 158 |
| | — |
| | 158 |
| | 159 |
| | — |
| | 159 |
| | 159 |
| | — |
| | 159 |
|
| Other intangible assets | | 4 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 96,988 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 96,988 |
| | $ | 7,337 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,337 |
|
| | | $ | 7,348 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,348 |
| | $ | 6,398 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6,398 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Finite-lived intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Customer relationships | | $ | 2,617 |
| | $ | 1,228 |
| | $ | 1,389 |
| | $ | 2,368 |
| | $ | 944 |
| | $ | 1,424 |
| | $ | 18,226 |
| | $ | (3,618 | ) | | $ | 14,608 |
| | $ | 2,616 |
| | $ | (1,760 | ) | | $ | 856 |
|
| Other intangible assets | | 130 |
| | 44 |
| | 86 |
| | 105 |
| | 29 |
| | 76 |
| | 615 |
| | (128 | ) | | 487 |
| | 173 |
| | (82 | ) | | 91 |
|
| | | $ | 2,747 |
| | $ | 1,272 |
| | $ | 1,475 |
| | $ | 2,473 |
| | $ | 973 |
| | $ | 1,500 |
| | $ | 18,841 |
| | $ | (3,746 | ) | | $ | 15,095 |
| | $ | 2,789 |
| | $ | (1,842 | ) | | $ | 947 |
|
Other intangible assets consist primarily of right-of-entry costs. Amortization expense related to customer relationships and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014 was$1.9 billion, $271 million and $299 million, $293 million and $315 million, respectively. Franchises, goodwill and customer relationships and goodwill increased by $722 million, $249 million$61.3 billion, $28.3 billion and $224 million,$15.6 billion, respectively, as a result of the acquisition of Bresnan completed during the year ended December 31, 2013.Transactions. See Note 2.
The Company expects amortization expense on its finite-lived intangible assets will be as follows.
| | | 2014 | | $ | 298 |
| |
| 2015 | | 264 |
| |
| 2016 | | 231 |
| |
| 2017 | | 197 |
| | $ | 2,743 |
|
| 2018 | | 162 |
| | 2,461 |
|
| 2019 | | | 2,178 |
|
| 2020 | | | 1,886 |
|
| 2021 | | | 1,602 |
|
| Thereafter | | 323 |
| | 4,225 |
|
| | | | | $ | 15,095 |
|
| | | $ | 1,475 |
| |
Actual amortization expense in future periods could differ from these estimates as a result of new intangible asset acquisitions or divestitures, changes in useful lives, impairments and other relevant factors.
7. Investments
In connection with the Transactions, the Company acquired approximately $508 million of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House equity-method and cost-method investments, which were adjusted to fair value as a result of applying acquisition accounting. The equity-method investments acquired include Sterling Entertainment Enterprises, LLC (“Sterling” - d/b/a SportsNet New York - 26.8% owned), MLB Network, LLC (“MLB Network” - 6.4% owned), iN Demand L.L.C. (“iN Demand” - 39.8% owned) and National Cable Communications LLC (“NCC” - 20.0% owned), among other less significant equity-method and cost-method investments. Sterling and MLB Network are primarily engaged in the development of sports programming services. iN Demand provides programming on a video on demand, pay-per-view and subscription basis. NCC represents multi-video program distributors to advertisers.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
7.Investments consisted of the following as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Equity-method investments | | 519 |
| | 53 |
|
| Other investments | | 11 |
| | 2 |
|
| Total investments | | $ | 530 |
| | $ | 55 |
|
The Company's equity-method investments balance as of December 31, 2016 reflected in the table above includes differences between the acquisition date fair value of certain investments acquired in the Transactions and the underlying equity in the net assets of the investee, referred to as a basis difference. As discussed in Note 2, this basis difference is amortized as a component of equity earnings. The remaining unamortized basis difference is $436 million as of December 31, 2016.
The Company applies the equity method of accounting to these and other less significant equity-method investments, all of which are recorded in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, net losses from equity-method investments were $14 million and $7 million, respectively, which were recorded in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
8. Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015:
| | | | | December 31, | | | | | |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | December 31, |
| | | | | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Accounts payable – trade | | $ | 91 |
| | $ | 107 |
| $ | 454 |
| | $ | 134 |
|
| Accrued capital expenditures | | 235 |
| | 156 |
| |
| Deferred revenue | | 90 |
| | 81 |
| 352 |
| | 96 |
|
| Accrued liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| Programming costs | | 1,783 |
| | 451 |
|
| Compensation | | 1,111 |
| | 191 |
|
| Capital expenditures | | 1,107 |
| | 296 |
|
| Interest | | 195 |
| | 155 |
| 958 |
| | 445 |
|
| Programming costs | | 379 |
| | 323 |
| |
| Franchise related fees | | 62 |
| | 52 |
| |
| Compensation | | 156 |
| | 145 |
| |
| Taxes and regulatory fees | | 538 |
| | 128 |
|
| Property and casualty | | 394 |
| | 74 |
|
| Other | | 259 |
| | 205 |
| 847 |
| | 157 |
|
| | | | | | $ | 7,544 |
| | $ | 1,972 |
|
| | | $ | 1,467 |
| | $ | 1,224 |
| |
8.9. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
| | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value | | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value |
| CCO Holdings, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 7.250% senior notes due October 30, 2017 | $ | 1,000 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
| | $ | 1,000 |
|
| 7.875% senior notes due April 30, 2018 | — |
| | — |
| | 900 |
| | 900 |
|
| 7.000% senior notes due January 15, 2019 | 1,400 |
| | 1,393 |
| | 1,400 |
| | 1,392 |
|
| 8.125% senior notes due April 30, 2020 | 700 |
| | 700 |
| | 700 |
| | 700 |
|
| 7.375% senior notes due June 1, 2020 | 750 |
| | 750 |
| | 750 |
| | 750 |
|
| 5.250% senior notes due March 15, 2021 | 500 |
| | 500 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.500% senior notes due April 30, 2021 | 1,500 |
| | 1,500 |
| | 1,500 |
| | 1,500 |
|
| 6.625% senior notes due January 31, 2022 | 750 |
| | 747 |
| | 750 |
| | 746 |
|
| 5.250% senior notes due September 30, 2022 | 1,250 |
| | 1,239 |
| | 1,250 |
| | 1,238 |
|
| 5.125% senior notes due February 15, 2023 | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
|
| 5.750% senior notes due September 1, 2023 | 500 |
| | 500 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.750% senior notes due January 15, 2024 | 1,000 |
| | 1,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Credit facility due September 6, 2014 | 350 |
| | 342 |
| | 350 |
| | 332 |
|
| Charter Communications Operating, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| Credit facilities | 3,548 |
| | 3,510 |
| | 3,337 |
| | 3,250 |
|
| | $ | 14,248 |
| | $ | 14,181 |
| | $ | 12,937 |
| | $ | 12,808 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 |
| | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value | | Principal Amount | | Accreted Value |
| CCOH Safari, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 5.750% senior notes due February 15, 2026 | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,500 |
| | $ | 2,499 |
|
| CCO Safari II, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 3.579% senior notes due July 23, 2020 | — |
| | — |
| | 2,000 |
| | 1,999 |
|
| 4.464% senior notes due July 23, 2022 | — |
| | — |
| | 3,000 |
| | 2,998 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4.908% senior notes due July 23, 2025 | — |
| | — |
| | 4,500 |
| | 4,497 |
|
| 6.384% senior notes due October 23, 2035 | — |
| | — |
| | 2,000 |
| | 1,999 |
|
| 6.484% senior notes due October 23, 2045 | — |
| | — |
| | 3,500 |
| | 3,498 |
|
| 6.834% senior notes due October 23, 2055 | — |
| | — |
| | 500 |
| | 500 |
|
| CCO Safari III, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| Credit facilities | — |
| | — |
| | 3,800 |
| | 3,788 |
|
| CCO Holdings, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 7.000% senior notes due January 15, 2019 | — |
| | — |
| | 600 |
| | 594 |
|
| 7.375% senior notes due June 1, 2020 | — |
| | — |
| | 750 |
| | 744 |
|
| 5.250% senior notes due March 15, 2021 | 500 |
| | 496 |
| | 500 |
| | 496 |
|
| 6.500% senior notes due April 30, 2021 | — |
| | — |
| | 1,500 |
| | 1,487 |
|
| 6.625% senior notes due January 31, 2022 | 750 |
| | 741 |
| | 750 |
| | 740 |
|
| 5.250% senior notes due September 30, 2022 | 1,250 |
| | 1,232 |
| | 1,250 |
| | 1,229 |
|
| 5.125% senior notes due February 15, 2023 | 1,000 |
| | 992 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 990 |
|
| 5.125% senior notes due May 1, 2023 | 1,150 |
| | 1,141 |
| | 1,150 |
| | 1,140 |
|
| 5.750% senior notes due September 1, 2023 | 500 |
| | 496 |
| | 500 |
| | 495 |
|
| 5.750% senior notes due January 15, 2024 | 1,000 |
| | 991 |
| | 1,000 |
| | 990 |
|
| 5.875% senior notes due April 1, 2024 | 1,700 |
| | 1,685 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.375% senior notes due May 1, 2025 | 750 |
| | 744 |
| | 750 |
| | 744 |
|
| 5.750% senior notes due February 15, 2026 | 2,500 |
| | 2,460 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.500% senior notes due May 1, 2026 | 1,500 |
| | 1,487 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.875% senior notes due May 1, 2027 | 800 |
| | 794 |
| | 800 |
| | 794 |
|
| Charter Communications Operating, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 3.579% senior notes due July 23, 2020 | 2,000 |
| | 1,983 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 4.464% senior notes due July 23, 2022 | 3,000 |
| | 2,973 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 4.908% senior notes due July 23, 2025 | 4,500 |
| | 4,458 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.384% senior notes due October 23, 2035 | 2,000 |
| | 1,980 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.484% senior notes due October 23, 2045 | 3,500 |
| | 3,466 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.834% senior notes due October 23, 2055 | 500 |
| | 495 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Credit facilities | 8,916 |
| | 8,814 |
| | 3,552 |
| | 3,502 |
|
| Time Warner Cable, LLC: | | | | | | | |
| 5.850% senior notes due May 1, 2017 | 2,000 |
| | 2,028 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.750% senior notes due July 1, 2018 | 2,000 |
| | 2,135 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 8.750% senior notes due February 14, 2019 | 1,250 |
| | 1,412 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 8.250% senior notes due April 1, 2019 | 2,000 |
| | 2,264 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.000% senior notes due February 1, 2020 | 1,500 |
| | 1,615 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 4.125% senior notes due February 15, 2021 | 700 |
| | 739 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 4.000% senior notes due September 1, 2021 | 1,000 |
| | 1,056 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
5.750% sterling senior notes due June 2, 2031 (a) | 770 |
| | 834 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.550% senior debentures due May 1, 2037 | 1,500 |
| | 1,691 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 7.300% senior debentures due July 1, 2038 | 1,500 |
| | 1,795 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 6.750% senior debentures due June 15, 2039 | 1,500 |
| | 1,730 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.875% senior debentures due November 15, 2040 | 1,200 |
| | 1,259 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 5.500% senior debentures due September 1, 2041 | 1,250 |
| | 1,258 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
5.250% sterling senior notes due July 15, 2042 (b) | 800 |
| | 771 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 4.500% senior debentures due September 15, 2042 | 1,250 |
| | 1,135 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC: | | | | | | | |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8.375% senior debentures due March 15, 2023 | 1,000 |
| | 1,273 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| 8.375% senior debentures due July 15, 2033 | 1,000 |
| | 1,324 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Total debt | 60,036 |
| | 61,747 |
| | 35,902 |
| | 35,723 |
|
| Less current portion: | | | | | | | |
| 5.850% senior notes due May 1, 2017 | (2,000 | ) | | (2,028 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Long-term debt | $ | 58,036 |
| | $ | 59,719 |
| | $ | 35,902 |
| | $ | 35,723 |
|
| |
(a) | Principal amount includes £625 million valued at $770 million as of December 31, 2016 using the exchange rate at that date. |
| |
(b) | Principal amount includes £650 million valued at $800 million as of December 31, 2016 using the exchange rate at that date. |
The accreted values presented in the table above represent the principal amount of the debt less the original issue discount at the time of sale, plusdeferred financing costs, and, (i) in regards to the Legacy TWC debt assumed, a fair value premium adjustment as a result of applying acquisition accounting plus/minus the accretion of those amounts to the balance sheet date and (ii) in regards to the fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated notes (the “Sterling Notes”), a remeasurement of the principal amount of the debt and any premium or discount into US dollars as of the balance sheet date. See Note 12. However, the amount that is currently payable if the debt becomes immediately due
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
is equal to the principal amount of the debt. The Company has availability under itsthe Charter Operating credit facilities of approximately $1.1$2.8 billion as of December 31, 2013, and as such, debt maturing in the next twelve months is classified as long-term.2016.
In December 2016, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its Credit Agreement decreasing the applicable LIBOR margin on the term loan A, term loan H, term loan I and revolver to 1.75%, 2.00%, 2.25% and 1.75%, respectively, eliminating the LIBOR floor on the term loan H and term loan I and extending the maturity of term loan H to 2022 and term loan I to 2024. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to these transactions.
In February 2016, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital jointly issued $1.7 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.875% senior notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) and, in April 2016, they issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.500% senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) at a price of 100.075% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds from both issuances were used to repurchase all of CCO Holdings’ 7.000% senior notes due 2019, 7.375% senior notes due 2020 and 6.500% senior notes due 2021 and to pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes. These debt repurchases resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $110 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.
In April 2015, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital closed on transactions in which they issued $1.15 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior unsecured notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”), $750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior unsecured notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $800 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% senior unsecured notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 Notes and 2025 Notes were used to finance tender offers and a subsequent call in which $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of CCO Holdings’ outstanding 7.250% senior notes due 2017 and $700 million aggregate principal amount of CCO Holdings’ outstanding 8.125% senior notes due 2020 were repurchased, as well as for general corporate purposes. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2027 Notes were used to call $800 million of the $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of CCO Holdings’ outstanding 7.000% senior notes due 2019. These debt repurchases resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $123 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The Company also recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of the repayment of debt upon termination of the proposed transactions with Comcast Corporation (“Comcast”).
CCO Holdings Notes
In January 2011, CCO Holdings, LLC ("CCO Holdings") and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 7.000% senior notes due 2019. The net proceeds of the issuances were contributed by CCO Holdings to Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating") as a capital contribution and were used to repay indebtedness under the Charter Operating credit facilities. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $67 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 related to these transactions.
In May 2011, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of 6.500% senior notes due 2021. The net proceeds of the issuances were contributed by CCO Holdings to Charter Operating as a capital contribution and inter-company loan and were used to repay indebtedness under the Charter Operating credit facilities. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $53 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 related to these transactions.
In December 2011, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $750 million aggregate principal amount of 7.375% senior notes due 2020. The net proceeds of the issuances were used, along with borrowings under the Charter Operating credit facilities, to finance the tender offers in which $407 million aggregate principal amount of Charter Operating's outstanding 8.000% senior second-lien notes due 2012, $234 million aggregate principal amount of Charter Operating's 10.875% senior second-lien notes due 2014 and $286 million aggregate principal amount of CCH II, LLC's ("CCH II") 13.500% senior notes due 2016 were repurchased. These transactions resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2011 of approximately $19 million.
In January 2012, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $750 million principal amount of 6.625% senior notes due 2022. The notes were issued at a price of 99.5% of the aggregate principal amount. The net proceeds of the notes were used, along with a draw on the $500 million delayed draw portion of the Charter Operating Term Loan A facility, to repurchase $300 million aggregate principal amount of Charter Operating's outstanding 8.000% senior second-lien notes due 2012, $294 million aggregate principal amount of Charter Operating's 10.875% senior second-lien notes due 2014 and $334 million aggregate principal amount of CCH II's 13.500% senior notes due 2016, as well as to repay amounts outstanding under the Company's revolving credit facility. The tender offers closed in January and February 2012 and the Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $15 million on this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2012.
In August 2012, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.250% senior notes due 2022. The notes were issued at a price of 99.026% of the aggregate principal amount. The proceeds from the notes were used for general corporate purposes, including repaying amounts outstanding under the Company's revolving credit facility, and to fund the redemption of the CCH II 13.500% senior notes due 2016 during the fourth quarter of 2012.
In December 2012, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due 2023. The proceeds from the notes were used for general corporate purposes, including repaying amounts outstanding under the Company's credit facilities. These transactions resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2012 of approximately $33 million.
In March 2013, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% senior notes due 2021 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.750% senior notes due 2023. The proceeds were used for repaying amounts outstanding under the Charter Operating term loan C facility. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $42 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to these transactions.
In May 2013, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.750% senior notes due 2024. Concurrently with the pricing of the 5.750% senior notes, a tender offer was launched to purchase any and all of the CCO Holdings 7.875% senior notes due 2018. The Company used the proceeds from the issuance to purchase the notes tendered in the tender offer. Any notes not tendered were subsequently called in June 2013. The
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $65 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to these transactions.
The CCO Holdings notes are guaranteed by Charter. They are senior debt obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and rank equally with all other current and future unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. The CCO Holdings notesCapital. They are structurally subordinated to all obligations of subsidiaries of CCO Holdings, including the Charter Operating credit facilities.Holdings.
CCO Holdings may redeem some or all of the CCO Holdings notes at any time at a premium. The optional redemption price declines to 100% of the respective series’ principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on or after varying dates in 20162017 through 2021. 2024.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
In addition, at any time prior to varying dates in 20142017 through 2016,2021, CCO Holdings may redeem up to 35% (40% in regards to certain notes issued in 2015 and 2016) of the aggregate principal amount of the notes at a redemption price at a premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings (as defined in the indenture); provided that certain conditions are met.
In the event of specified change of control events, CCO Holdings must offer to purchase the outstanding CCO Holdings notes from the holders at a purchase price equal to 101% of the total principal amount of the notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
Charter Operating Notes
In August 2011, Charter Operating repurchased, in private transactions, a total of $193 million principal amount of Charter Operating 8.000% senior second-lien notes due 2012 for approximately $199 million cash. The transactions resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
In March 2012, Charter Operating redeemed the remaining $18 million of 10.875% senior notes due 2014 pursuant to a notice of redemption.
CCH II Notes
In October 2012, the Company redeemed $678 million aggregate principal amount of the CCH II 13.500% senior notes due 2016 at 108.522% of the principal amount. In November 2012, the Company redeemed the remaining $468 million aggregate principal amount of CCH II 13.500% senior notes due 2016 at 106.750% of the principal amount. The transactions resulted in a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $52 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.
High-Yield Restrictive Covenants; Limitation on Indebtedness.
The indentures governing the CCO Holdings notes contain certain covenants that restrict the ability of CCO Holdings, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and all of their restricted subsidiaries to:
incur additional debt;
pay dividends on equity or repurchase equity;
make investments;
sell all or substantially all of their assets or merge with or into other companies;
sell assets;
enter into sale-leasebacks;
in the case of restricted subsidiaries, create or permit to exist dividend or payment restrictions with respect to CCO Holdings, guarantee their parent companies debt, or issue specified equity interests;
engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and
grant liens.
The above limitations in certain circumstances regarding incurrence of debt, payment of dividends and making investments contained in the indentures of CCO Holdings Credit Facilitypermit CCO Holdings and its restricted subsidiaries to perform the above, so long as, after giving pro forma effect to the above, the leverage ratio would be below a specified level for the issuer. The leverage ratio under the indentures is 6.0 to 1.0.
CCO Holdings' credit agreement consists of a $350 million term loan facility (the “CCO Holdings credit facility”). Charter Operating Notes
The facility matures in September 2014. Borrowings under theCharter Operating notes are guaranteed by CCO Holdings, credit facility bear interest at a variable interest rate based on
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
either LIBOR (0.17% asTWC, LLC (as defined below), TWCE (as defined below) and substantially all of December 31, 2013) or a base rate plus, in either case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin for LIBOR term loans is 2.50% above LIBOR. If an event of default were to occur, CCO Holdings would not be able to elect LIBOR and would have to pay interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin. The CCO Holdings credit facility is secured by the equity interestsoperating subsidiaries of Charter Operating (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”). In addition, the Charter Operating notes are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating to the extent such liens can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement and the liens rank equally with the liens on the collateral securing obligations under the Charter Operating credit facilities. Charter Operating may redeem some or all proceeds thereof.of the Charter Operating notes at any time at a premium.
In April 2012, CCO Holdings entered into an amendment to its existing credit agreement dated March 6, 2007 which included, among other things, amendmentsThe Charter Operating notes are subject to the Changeterms and conditions of Control definitionthe indenture governing the Charter Operating notes. The Charter Operating notes contain customary representations and certain other provisionswarranties and definitions related thereto.affirmative covenants with limited negative covenants. The ChangeCharter Operating indenture also contains customary events of Control definition was amended to conform to the provision contained in Charter Operating's credit agreement as described below. Previously, the percentage of voting power necessary for a Change of Control had been 35%, and the definition of Change of Control did not include a Ratings Event.default.
Charter Operating Credit Facilities
In December 2011, the Company entered into a senior secured term loan A facility pursuant to the terms of the Charter Operating credit agreement providing for $750 million of term loans with a final maturity date of May 15, 2017 and no LIBOR floor. The term loan A facility had a delayed draw component: $250 million was funded on closing of the term loan A and the remaining $500 million was funded in March 2012. The proceeds were used along with proceeds of the CCO Holdings 2020 Notes to finance the repurchase of certain Charter Operating's 8.000% and 10.875% senior second-lien notes and certain of CCH II's 13.500% senior notes discussed above.
In April 2012, Charter Operating entered into a senior secured term loan D facility pursuant to the terms of the Charter Operating credit agreement providing for $750 million of term loans with a final maturity date of May 15, 2019. Pricing on the new term loan D was set at LIBOR plus 3% with a LIBOR floor of 1%, and issued at a price of 99.5% of the aggregate principal amount. The proceeds were used to refinance Charter Operating's existing term loan B-1 and term loan B-2, both due 2014, with the remaining amount used to pay down a portion of its existing term loan C due 2016. Charter Operating concurrently amended and restated its existing $1.3 billion revolving credit facility with a new $1.15 billion revolving credit facility due 2017 at the interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.25% and amended and restated its existing credit agreement dated March 31, 2010. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $59 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 related to these transactions.
In March 2013, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its credit agreement. The amendment, among other things, eliminated the $7.5 billion cap on the incurrence of first lien debt; and eliminated the requirement for providing Charter Operating financial statements and instead allowing for Charter financial statements with consolidating information.
In April 2013, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its credit agreement extending the maturity of its term loan A and revolver one year to 2018, decreasing the applicable LIBOR margin for the term loan A and revolver to 2%, decreasing the undrawn commitment fee on the revolver to 0.30% and increasing the revolver capacity to $1.3 billion. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to these transactions.
In May 2013, Charter Operating entered into a new term loan F facility pursuant to the terms of the Charter Operating credit agreement providing for a $1.2 billion term loan maturing in 2021. Pricing on the new term loan F was set at LIBOR plus 2.25% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%, and issued at a price of 99.75% of the aggregate principal amount. The Company used the proceeds to repay Charter Operating's existing term loan C due 2016 and term loan D due 2019. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to these transactions.
In June 2013, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its credit agreement. The amendment, among other things: (i) modified the restricted payments covenant to permit expanded flexibility for acquisitions; (ii) modified the events of default under the credit agreement to permit change of control offers with respect to assumed indebtedness subject to certain restrictions; (iii) modified the transactions with affiliates covenant; (iv) permits the granting of equal and ratable security on certain assumed indebtedness subject to pro forma compliance with certain financial tests; (v) permits incremental term loans to amortize equivalent to the existing term loan A-1; and (vi) allows for an increase in revolving commitments based on Charter Operating's annualized operating cash flow.
In July 2013, Charter Operating activated the previously committed term loan E facility pursuant to the terms of the Charter Operating credit agreement providing for a $1.5 billion term loan maturing in seven years. Pricing on the new term loan E was set
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
at LIBOR plus 2.25% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%, and the term loan was issued at a price of 99.5% of the aggregate principal amount.
The Charter Operating credit facilities have an outstanding principal amount of $3.5$8.9 billion at December 31, 20132016 as follows:
A term loan A with a remaining principal amount of $722 million,$2.5 billion, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $38 million in 2014 and 2015, $66 million in 2016 and $75$132 million in 2017 and 2018, $231 million in 2019 and $264 million in 2020, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on April 22, 2018;
May 18, 2021. Pricing on term loan A is LIBOR plus 1.75%;A term loan E with a remaining principal amount of approximately $1.5$1.4 billion, , which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $15$15 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on July 1, 2020;
2020. Pricing on term loan E is LIBOR plus 2.25% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75% (see Note 25 for amendments to the Charter Operating credit facilities completed in 2017);A term loan F with a remaining principal amount of approximately $1.2 billion, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $12 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on January 3, 2021; and
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
3, 2021. Pricing on term loan F is LIBOR plus 2.25% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75% (see Note 25 for amendments to the Charter Operating credit facilities completed in 2017);
term loan H with a remaining principal amount of approximately $993 million, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $10 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on January 15, 2022. Pricing on term loan H is LIBOR plus 2.00%;
term loan I with a remaining principal amount of approximately $2.8 billion, which is repayable in equal quarterly installments and aggregating $28 million in each loan year, with the remaining balance due at final maturity on January 15, 2024. Pricing on term loan I is LIBOR plus 2.25%; and
A revolving loan with an outstanding balance of $140 million at December 31, 2013 and allowing for borrowings of up to $1.33.0 billion, maturing on April 22, 2018.May 18, 2021. Pricing on the revolving loan is LIBOR plus 1.75% with a commitment fee of 0.30%. As of December 31, 2016, $220 million of the revolving loan was utilized to collateralize a like principal amount of letters of credit out of $278 million of letters of credit issued on the Company’s behalf.
Amounts outstanding under the Charter Operating credit facilities bear interest, at Charter Operating’s election, at a base rate or LIBOR ((0.77% and 0.17%0.42% as of December 31, 20132016 and 0.22% as of December 31, 20122015), respectively), as defined, plus an applicable margin.
The Charter Operating credit facilities also allow us to enter into incremental term loans in the future, with amortization as set forth in the notices establishing such term loans. Although the Charter Operating credit facilities allow for the incurrence of a certain amount of incremental term loans subject to pro-formapro forma compliance with its financial maintenance covenants, no assurance can be given that wethe Company could obtain additional incremental term loans in the future if Charter Operating sought to do so or what amount of incremental term loans would be allowable at any given time under the terms of the Charter Operating credit facilities.
The obligations of Charter Operating under the Charter Operating credit facilities (the “Obligations”) are guaranteed by Charter Operating’s immediate parent company, CCO Holdings, and subsidiaries of Charter Operating.the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Obligationsobligations are also secured by (i) a lien on substantially all of the assets of Charter Operating and its subsidiaries,the Subsidiary Guarantors, to the extent such lien can be perfected under the Uniform Commercial Code by the filing of a financing statement, and (ii) a pledge by CCO Holdings of the equity interests owned by it in Charter Operating or any of Charter Operating’s subsidiaries, as well as inter-companyintercompany obligations owing to it by any of such entities.
Credit Facilities — Restrictive Covenants
CCO Holdings Credit Facility
The CCO Holdings credit facility contains covenants that are substantially similar to the restrictive covenants for the CCO Holdings notes except that the leverage ratio is 5.50 to 1.0. The CCO Holdings credit facility contains provisions requiring mandatory loan prepayments under specific circumstances, including in connection with certain sales of assets, so long as the proceeds have not been reinvested in the business. The CCO Holdings credit facility permits CCO Holdings and its subsidiaries to make distributions to pay interest on the CCO Holdings notes, provided that, among other things, no default has occurred and is continuing under the CCO Holdings credit facility.
Charter Operating Credit Facilities
The Charter Operating credit facilities contain representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type. The financial covenants measure performance against standards set for leverage to be tested as of the end of each quarter. The Charter Operating credit facilities contain provisions requiring mandatory loan prepayments under specific circumstances, including in connection with certain sales of assets, so long as the proceeds have not been reinvested in the business. Additionally, the Charter Operating credit facilities provisions contain an allowance for restricted payments so long as the consolidated leverage ratio is no greater than 3.5 after giving pro forma effect to such restricted payment. The Charter Operating credit facilities permit Charter Operating and its subsidiaries to make distributions to pay interest on the currently outstanding subordinated and parent company indebtedness, provided that, among other things, no default has occurred and is continuing under the Charter Operating credit facilities. The Charter Operating credit facilities also contain customary events of default.
Assumed Legacy TWC Indebtedness
The Company assumed approximately $22.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of Time Warner Cable, LLC (successor to Legacy TWC outstanding debt obligations, “TWC, LLC”) senior notes and debentures and Time Warner Cable Enterprises LLC (“TWCE”) senior debentures with varying maturities. The Company applied acquisition accounting to Legacy TWC, and as a result, the debt assumed was adjusted to fair value using quoted market values as of the closing date. This fair value adjustment resulted in recognition of a net debt premium of approximately $2.4 billion.
TWC, LLC Senior Notes and Debentures
The TWC, LLC senior notes and debentures are guaranteed by CCO Holdings, Charter Operating, TWCE and the Subsidiary Guarantors and rank equally with the liens on the collateral securing obligations under the Charter Operating notes and credit facilities. Interest on each series of TWC, LLC senior notes and debentures is payable semi-annually (with the exception of the Sterling Notes, which is payable annually) in arrears.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The events of default under the Charter Operating credit facilities include, among other things:
The TWC, LLC indenture contains customary covenants relating to restrictions on the failureability of TWC, LLC or any material subsidiary to make payments when duecreate liens and on the ability of TWC, LLC and TWCE to consolidate, merge or withinconvey or transfer substantially all of their assets. The TWC, LLC indenture also contains customary events of default.
The TWC, LLC senior notes and debentures may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time at TWC, LLC’s option at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) all of the applicable grace period;
principal amount being redeemed and (ii) the failuresum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the applicable TWC, LLC senior notes and debentures discounted to comply with specified covenantsthe redemption date on a semi-annual basis (with the exception of the Sterling Notes, which are on an annual basis), at a comparable government bond rate plus a designated number of basis points as further described in the indenture and the applicable note or debenture, plus, in each case, accrued but unpaid interest to, but not including, the covenantredemption date.
The Company may offer to maintainredeem all, but not less than all, of the consolidated leverage ratioSterling Notes in the event of certain changes in the tax laws of the U.S. (or any taxing authority in the U.S.). This redemption would be at or below 5.0a redemption price equal to 1.0100% of the principal amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest on the consolidated first lien leverage ratio at or below 4.0Sterling Notes to, 1.0;but not including, the redemption date.
the failure to pay or the occurrence of events that cause or permit the acceleration of other indebtedness owingTWCE Senior Debentures
The TWCE senior debentures are guaranteed by CCO Holdings, Charter Operating, orTWC, LLC and the Subsidiary Guarantors and rank equally with the liens on the collateral securing obligations under the Charter Operating’s subsidiaries in aggregate principal amounts in excess of $100 million; and
similar to provisions contained in the CCO HoldingsOperating notes and credit facility, the consummationfacilities. Interest on each series of any change of control transaction resultingTWCE senior debentures is payable semi-annually in any person or group having power, directly or indirectly, to vote more than 50% of the ordinary voting power for the management of Charter Operating on a fully diluted basis and the occurrence of a ratings event including a downgrade in the corporate family rating during a ratings decline period.
arrears. The TWCE senior debentures are not redeemable before maturity.
The TWCE indenture contains customary covenants relating to restrictions on the ability of TWCE or any material subsidiary to create liens and on the ability of TWC, LLC and TWCE to consolidate, merge or convey or transfer substantially all of their assets. The TWCE indenture also contains customary events of default.
Limitations on Distributions
Distributions by the Company’s subsidiaries to a parent company for payment of principal on parent company notes are restricted under the indentures and credit facilities discussed above, unless there is no default under the applicable indenture and credit facilities, and unless each applicable subsidiary’s leverage ratio test is met at the time of such distribution. As of December 31, 20132016, there was no default under any of these indentures or credit facilities.facilities and each subsidiary met its applicable leverage ratio tests based on December 31, 2016 financial results. Such distributions would be restricted, however, if any such subsidiary fails to meet these tests at the time of the contemplated distribution. In the past, certain subsidiaries have from time to time failed to meet their leverage ratio test. There can be no assurance that they will satisfy these tests at the time of the contemplated distribution. Distributions by Charter Operating for payment of principal on parent company notes are further restricted by the covenants in its credit facilities.
However, without regard to leverage, during any calendar year or any portion thereof during which the borrower is a flow-through entity for tax purposes, and so long as no event of default exists, the borrower may make distributions to the equity interests of the borrower in an amount sufficient to make permitted tax payments.
In addition to the limitation on distributions under the various indentures, discussed above, distributions by the Company’s subsidiaries may only be madelimited by applicable law, including the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, under which the Company’s subsidiaries may make distributions if they have “surplus” as defined in the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.act.
Liquidity and Future Principal Payments
The Company continues to have significant amounts of debt, and its business requires significant cash to fund principal and interest payments on its debt, capital expenditures and ongoing operations. As set forth below, the Company has significant future principal payments beginning in 2014 and beyond.payments. The Company continues to monitor the capital markets, and it expects to undertake refinancing transactions and utilize free cash flow and cash on hand to further extend or reduce the maturities of its principal obligations. The timing and terms of any refinancing transactions will be subject to market conditions.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Based upon outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 20132016, the amortization of term loans, and the maturity dates for all senior and subordinated notes, total future principal payments on the total borrowings under all debt agreements as of December 31, 20132016, are as follows:
|
| | | | |
| Year | | Amount |
| | | |
| 2014 | | $ | 414 |
|
| 2015 | | 65 |
|
| 2016 | | 93 |
|
| 2017 | | 1,102 |
|
| 2018 | | 673 |
|
| Thereafter | | 11,901 |
|
| | | |
| | | $ | 14,248 |
|
9. Treasury Stock |
| | | | |
| Year | | Amount |
| 2017 | | $ | 2,197 |
|
| 2018 | | 2,197 |
|
| 2019 | | 3,546 |
|
| 2020 | | 5,216 |
|
| 2021 | | 5,128 |
|
| Thereafter | | 41,752 |
|
| | | |
| | | $ | 60,036 |
|
On March 22, 2011, the Company purchased, in a private transaction, 4.5 million shares of Charter’s Class A common stock from funds advised by Franklin Advisers, Inc. The price paid was $46.10 per share for a total of $207 million. The transaction was funded from existing cash on hand and available liquidity.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Under a repurchase program authorized by Charter’s board of directors in August 2011, 4.1 million shares of Charter’s Class A common stock and warrants to purchase Charter’s Class A common stock were purchased during the course of 2011 for a total of approximately $200 million. The average price per share paid was $48.48.
In December 2011, the Company purchased, in a private transaction with a shareholder, 750,000 shares at $55.18 for a total of $41 million. The Company received 700,668 of the shares prior to December 31, 2011, with 49,332 shares received in January 2012. In December 2011, the Company also entered into stock repurchase agreements for approximately 3.0 million shares of Charter's Class A common stock from funds advised by Oaktree Capital Management and approximately 2.2 million shares of Charter's Class A common stock from funds advised by Apollo Management Holdings. The price paid was $54.35 per share for a total of $163 million for the shares purchased from Oaktree Capital Management and $117 million for the shares purchased from Apollo Management Holdings.
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company withheld 150,258, 129,417 and 141,175 shares, respectively, of its common stock in payment of $15 million, $9 million and $7 million, respectively, of tax withholdings owed by employees upon vesting of restricted shares.
In December 2011, Charter's board of directors approved the retirement of treasury stock and 14.8 million shares of treasury stock were retired as of December 31, 2011. The remaining 49,332 shares received in January 2012 were retired in January 2012.
In December 2013 and 2012, Charter's board of directors approved the retirement of treasury stock and 150,258 and 129,417 shares of treasury stock were retired as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
These transactions were funded from existing cash on hand and available liquidity. The Company accounted for treasury stock using the cost method and the treasury shares upon repurchase were reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a component of total shareholders’ equity. Upon retirement, these treasury shares were allocated between additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit based on the cost of original issue included in additional paid-in capital.
10. Common Stock
Charter’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical except with respect to certain voting, transfer and conversion rights. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders ofshare. Charter’s Class B common stock were entitledrepresents the share issued to votes equaling 35%A/N in connection with the Bright House Transaction. One share of the voting interests in Charter on a fully diluted basis. The Company currently does not have any outstanding Class B Common Stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation of Charter, on January 18, 2011, the Disinterested Members of the Board of Directors of Charter caused a conversion of the shares ofCharter’s Class B common stock intohas a number of votes reflecting the voting power of the Charter Holdings common units and Charter Holdings convertible preferred units held by A/N as of the applicable record date on an if-converted, if-exchanged basis, and is generally intended to reflect A/N’s economic interests in Charter Holdings.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The following table summarizes our shares outstanding for the three years ended December 31, 2016:
|
| | | | | | |
| | | Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2013 | | 106,144,075 |
| | — |
|
| Exercise of stock options | | 640,342 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 9,090 |
| | — |
|
| Stock issuances from exercise of warrants | | 5,243,167 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock unit vesting | | 104,270 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | (141,257 | ) | | — |
|
| BALANCE, December 31, 2014 | | 111,999,687 |
| | — |
|
| | | | | |
| Exercise of stock options | | 579,173 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 6,920 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock unit vesting | | 98,831 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | (245,783 | ) | | — |
|
| BALANCE, December 31, 2015 | | 112,438,828 |
| | — |
|
| | | | | |
| Reorganization of common stock | | (10,771,404 | ) | | — |
|
| Issuance of shares in TWC Transaction | | 143,012,155 |
| | — |
|
| Issuance of shares to Liberty Broadband for cash | | 25,631,339 |
| | — |
|
| Issuance of share to A/N in Bright House Transaction | | — |
| | 1 |
|
| Exchange of Charter Holdings units held by A/N | | 1,852,832 |
| | — |
|
| Exercise of stock options | | 1,014,664 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 9,811 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock unit vesting | | 1,738,792 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | | (6,029,225 | ) | | — |
|
| BALANCE, December 31, 2016 | | 268,897,792 |
| | 1 |
|
The shares outstanding balances shown above as of and prior to December 31, 2015 represent historical shares outstanding of Legacy Charter before applying the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio. The 10.8 million shares associated with the reorganization of Charter Class A common stock onrepresents the reduction to Legacy Charter Class A common shares outstanding as of the acquisition date as a one-for-one basis.result of applying the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio. See Note 2.
In December 2016, A/N exchanged 1.9 million Charter has outstanding Holdings common units for Charter Class A common stock. See Note 11.
Share Repurchases
In 2016, the Company purchased approximately 5.1 million warrants to purchase shares of Charter Class A common stock with an exercise pricefor approximately $1.3 billion pursuant to authorizations by Charter’s board of $46.86 per sharedirectors of $3 billion. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2016 and 0.8 million warrantsprovided Charter’s leverage ratio remains at 4 to 4.5 times and Charter Operating’s leverage remains below 3.5 times, management has authority to cause the Company to purchase sharesan additional $1.7 billion of CharterCharter’s Class A common stock with an exercise price $51.28 per share, bothwithout taking into account shares or units that may be purchased from A/N. Effective November 1, 2016, Charter's board of which expire on November 30, 2014. Charter also has outstanding 0.8directors granted authority for a new $750 million warrants to purchase shares of Charter Class A common stock with an exercise pricebuybacks under the rolling six-month authority without taking into account any Class A common stock purchased prior to November 1. As a result, a portion of $19.80the $1.7 billion of authority is under the authority of management to approve up to $750 million for Class A common stock buybacks in any six-month period.
During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company withheld 908,066, 177,696 and 127,725 shares, respectively, of its common stock in payment of $216 million, $38 million and $19 million, respectively, of tax withholdings owed by employees upon vesting of restricted shares and stock options. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, Company
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share that expire on November 30, 2016 owneddata or where indicated)
also withheld 50,503 shares and 44,541 shares, respectively, of its Class A common stock representing the exercise costs owed by Paul G. Allen ("Mr. Allen"), the Company's former principal stockholder. The warrants are included in the accompanying balance sheets in total shareholders’ equity.employees upon exercise of stock options.
In 2013,December 31, 2016 and 2015, Charter’s board of directors approved the retirement of the then currently outstanding treasury stock and those shares were retired as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
The Company accounted for treasury stock using the cost method and the treasury shares upon repurchase were reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a component of total shareholders’ equity. Upon retirement, these treasury shares are allocated between additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit based on the cost of original issue included in additional paid-in capital.
In 2014, the Company issued approximately 4.55.2 million shares of Charter Class A common stock as a result of exercises by holders who received warrants pursuant to the Joint Plan of Reorganization upon the Company'sCompany’s emergence from bankruptcy.bankruptcy in 2009. The exercises resulted in proceeds to the Company of approximately $76$90 million. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no warrants outstanding.
11. Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests represents consolidated subsidiaries of which the Company owns less than 100%. The Company is a holding company whose principal asset is a controlling equity interest in Charter Holdings, the indirect owner of the Company’s cable systems. Noncontrolling interests on the Company’s balance sheet primarily includes A/N’s equity interests in Charter Holdings, which is comprised of a common ownership interest and a convertible preferred ownership interest.
In connection with the closing of the Bright House Transaction, Charter Holdings issued approximately 31.0 million common units to A/N, which are exchangeable at any time into either Charter Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, or, at Charter’s option, cash, based on the then current market price of Charter Class A common stock. Net income (loss) of Charter Holdings attributable to A/N’s common noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes is based on the weighted average effective common ownership interest of approximately 10% which was $129 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Charter Holdings distributed $3 million to A/N as a pro rata tax distribution on its common units during the year ended December 31, 2016. Charter Holdings also issued approximately 25 million convertible preferred units to A/N with a face amount of $2.5 billion that pay a 6% annual preferred dividend. The 6% annual preferred dividend is paid quarterly in cash, if and when declared, provided that, if dividends are suspended at any time, the dividends will accrue until they are paid. Net income (loss) of Charter Holdings attributable to the preferred noncontrolling interest for financial reporting purposes is based on the preferred dividend which was $93 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Each convertible preferred unit is convertible into either 0.37334 of a Charter Holdings common unit (if then held by A/N) or 0.37334 of a share of Charter Class A common stock (if then held by a third party), representing a conversion price of $267.85 per unit, based on a conversion feature as defined in the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Charter Holdings. After May 18, 2021, Charter may redeem the convertible preferred units if the price of Charter Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price. These Charter Holdings common and convertible preferred units held by A/N are recorded in noncontrolling interests as permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet.
The common units and convertible preferred units issued to A/N as consideration for the Bright House Transaction were initially measured at their fair value of $7.0 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, in accordance with acquisition accounting. However, upon formation of Charter Holdings and subsequent to the acquisition, the carrying amounts of the controlling and noncontrolling interests were adjusted to reflect the relative effective common ownership interest in Charter Holdings. This resulted in an increase to noncontrolling interest of approximately $589 million and a corresponding decrease to additional paid-in capital of $589 million, net of $225 million of deferred income taxes, for the year ended December 31, 2016.
In December 2016, Charter and A/N entered into a letter agreement (the "Letter Agreement") pursuant to which A/N exchanged 1.9 million Charter Holdings common units held by A/N for shares of Charter Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $537 million. The common units exchanged had a net carrying value in noncontrolling interest of approximately $460 million. The exchange of A/N common units resulted in a tax step-up of the assets of Charter Holdings which is further discussed in Note 17. The Letter Agreement also requires A/N to sell to Charter or to Charter Holdings, on a monthly basis, a number of shares of Charter Class A common stock or Charter Holdings common units that represents a pro rata participation by A/N and its affiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter Class A common stock from persons other than A/N effected by Charter during the immediately preceding calendar month, at a purchase price equal to the average price paid by Charter for the shares repurchased
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
from persons other than A/N during such immediately preceding calendar month. Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, Charter Holdings purchased from A/N 752,767 Charter Holdings common units at a price per unit of $289.83, or $218 million. The following table summarizes our shares outstanding for the three years ended common units purchased had a net carrying value in noncontrolling interest of approximately $187 million. As of December 31, 2013:2016, A/N held 28.4 million Charter Holdings common units.
|
| | | | | | |
| | | Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock |
| | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2010 | | 112,317,691 |
| | 2,241,299 |
|
| Conversion of Class B common stock into Class A | | 2,241,299 |
| | (2,241,299 | ) |
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 472,099 |
| | — |
|
| Option exercises | | 140,893 |
| | — |
|
| Stock issuances pursuant to employment agreements | | 7,000 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock (see Note 9) | | (14,608,564 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2011 | | 100,570,418 |
| | — |
|
| Option exercises | | 370,715 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 182,537 |
| | — |
|
| Stock issuances from exercise of warrants | | 179,850 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock unit vesting | | 51,476 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock (see Note 9) | | (178,749 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2012 | | 101,176,247 |
| | — |
|
| Option exercises | | 543,221 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock issuances, net of cancellations | | 4,879 |
| | — |
|
| Stock issuances from exercise of warrants | | 4,481,656 |
| | — |
|
| Restricted stock unit vesting | | 88,330 |
| | — |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock (see Note 9) | | (150,258 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2013 | | 106,144,075 |
| | — |
|
11.12. Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company uses interest rate derivative instruments to manage itsinterest rate risk on variable debt and foreign exchange risk on the Sterling Notes, and does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes.
Interest rate derivative instruments are used to manage interest costs and to reduce the Company’s exposure to increases in floating interest rates. The Company manages its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. Using interest rate derivative instruments, the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals through 2017, the difference between fixed and variable interest amounts calculated by reference to agreed-upon notional principal amounts.
The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. The Company, until de-designating in the three months ended March 31, 2013, had certain interest rate derivative instruments that were designated as cash flow hedging instruments for GAAP purposes. Such instruments effectively converted variable interest payments on certain debt instruments into fixed payments. For qualifying hedges, realized derivative gains and losses offset related results on hedged items in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company formally documented, designated and assessed the effectiveness of transactions that received hedge accounting.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The effect of interest rate derivative instruments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets is presented in the table below:
|
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| | | | |
| Other long-term liabilities: | | | |
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedges | $ | — |
| | $ | 67 |
|
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives not designated as hedges | $ | 22 |
| | $ | — |
|
| | | | |
| Accrued interest: | | | |
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedges | $ | — |
| | 8 |
|
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives not designated as hedges | $ | 8 |
| | $ | — |
|
| | | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss: | | | |
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives designated as hedges | $ | — |
| | $ | (75 | ) |
| Fair value of interest rate derivatives not designated as hedges | $ | (41 | ) | | $ | — |
|
Changes in the fair value of interest rate derivative instruments that were designated as hedging instruments of the variability of cash flows associated with floating-rate debt obligations, and that met effectiveness criteria were reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The amounts were subsequently reclassified as an increase or decrease to interest expense in the same periods in which the related interest on the floating-rate debt obligations affected earnings (losses).
Due to repayment of variable rate credit facility debt without a LIBOR floor, certain interest rate derivative instruments were de-designated as cash flow hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2013, as they no longer met the criteria for cash flow hedging specified by GAAP. In addition, on March 31, 2013, the remaining interest rate derivative instruments that continued to be highly effective cash flow hedges for GAAP purposes were electively de-designated. On the date of de-designation, the Company completed a final measurement test for each interest rate derivative instrument to determine any ineffectiveness and such amount was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into gain on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. While these interest rate derivative instruments are no longer designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, management continues to believe such instruments are closely correlated with the respective debt, thus managing associated risk. Interest rate derivative instruments not designated as hedges are marked to fair value, with the impact recorded as a gain or loss on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The balance that remains in accumulated other comprehensive loss for these interest rate derivative instruments will be amortized over the respective lives of the contracts and recorded as a loss within gain on derivative instruments, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The estimated net amount of existing losses that are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as As of December 31, 2013 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months is approximately $19 million.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The effects of derivative instruments on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss2016 and consolidated statements of operations is presented in the table below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| | | | | | |
| Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net: | | | | | |
| Change in fair value of interest rate derivative instruments not designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 38 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings as a result of cash flow hedge discontinuance | $ | (27 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| | | | | | |
| Interest expense: | | | | | |
| Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into interest expense | $ | (10 | ) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (39 | ) |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012,2015, the Company had $2.2$850 million and $1.1 billion, and $3.1 billion respectively, in notional amounts of interest rate derivative instruments outstanding. This includes $550 million in delayed start interest rate derivative instruments that become effective in March 2014 through March 2015. In any future quarter in which a portion of these delayed start interest rate derivative instruments first becomes effective, an equal or greater notional amount of the currently effective interest rate derivative instruments are scheduled to mature. Therefore, the $1.7 billion notional amount of currently effective interest rate derivative instruments will gradually step down over time as current interest rate derivative instruments mature and an equal or lesser amount of delayed start interest rate derivative instruments become effective.
The notional amounts of interest rate derivative instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, thus, are not a measure of exposure to credit loss. The amounts exchanged were determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the contracts.
Upon closing of the TWC Transaction, the Company acquired interest rate derivative instrument assets with a fair value of $85 million (excluding accrued interest), which were terminated and settled with their respective counterparties in the second quarter of 2016 with an $88 million cash payment to the Company of which $14 million was for interest accrued through the date of termination. The termination resulted in an $11 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 which was recorded in gain (loss) on financial instruments, net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Upon closing of the TWC Transaction, the Company assumed cross-currency derivative instrument liabilities with a fair value of $72 million (excluding accrued interest). Cross-currency derivative instruments are used to effectively convert £1.275 billion aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate British pound sterling denominated debt, including annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to fixed-rate U.S. dollar denominated debt. The cross-currency swaps have maturities of June 2031 and July 2042. The Company is required to post collateral on the cross-currency derivative instruments when the derivative contracts are in a liability position. In May 2016, the Company entered into a collateral holiday agreement for 80% of both the 2031 and 2042 cross-currency swaps, which eliminates the requirement to post collateral for three years.
The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated balance sheets is presented in the table below:
|
| | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Interest Rate Derivatives | | | |
| Accrued interest | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
| Other long-term liabilities | $ | — |
| | $ | 10 |
|
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (13 | ) |
| | | | |
| Cross-Currency Derivatives | | | |
| Other long-term liabilities | $ | 251 |
| | $ | — |
|
The Company’s interest rate and cross-currency derivative instruments are not designated as hedges and are marked to fair value each period, with the impact recorded as a gain or loss on financial instruments, net in the consolidated statements of operations. While these derivative instruments are not designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, management continues to believe such instruments are correlated with the respective debt, thus managing associated risk.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The effect of financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations is presented in the table below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Gain (Loss) on Financial Instruments, Net: | | | | | |
| Change in fair value of interest rate derivative instruments | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 12 |
|
| Change in fair value of cross-currency derivative instruments | (179 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Remeasurement of Sterling Notes to U.S. dollars | 279 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Loss on termination of interest rate derivative instruments | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss due to discontinuance of hedge accounting | (8 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (19 | ) |
| | $ | 89 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) |
12.13. Fair Value Measurements
The accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements, based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, as follows:
Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
Financial Assets and Liabilities
The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment, however, is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBERThe Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars2016 and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2015 were primarily invested in millions, except sharemoney market funds and 90 day or per share data or where indicated)
less commercial paper. The estimated fair valuemoney market funds are valued at the closing price reported by the fund sponsor from an actively traded exchange and commercial paper is valued at cost plus the accretion of the Company’s debt at discount on a yield to maturity basis, which approximated fair value. The money market funds and commercial paper potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk. The amount invested within any one financial instrument did not exceed $250 million and $1.5 billion as of December 31, 20132016 and 2012 are based on quoted market pricesDecember 31, 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2016 and is classified within Level 1 (defined below)2015, there were no significant concentrations of the valuation hierarchy.financial instruments in a single investee, industry or geographic location.
A summary of the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value |
| Debt | | | | | | | | |
| CCO Holdings debt | | $ | 10,329 |
| | $ | 10,384 |
| | $ | 9,226 |
| | $ | 9,933 |
|
| Credit facilities | | $ | 3,852 |
| | $ | 3,848 |
| | $ | 3,582 |
| | $ | 3,695 |
|
The interestInterest rate derivatives werederivative instruments are valued as $30 million and $75 million liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, using a present value calculation based on an implied forward LIBOR curve (adjusted for Charter Operating’s orand counterparties’ credit risk) and were classified within Level 2 (defined above) of the valuation hierarchy.. The weighted average pay rate for the Company’s currently effective interest rate swapsderivative instruments was 2.17%1.59% and 2.25%1.61% at December 31, 20132016 and 20122015, respectively (exclusive of applicable spreads).
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The Company’s financial instruments that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the table below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2016 | | December 31, 2015 |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 1 | | Level 2 |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Money market funds | $ | 1,205 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 14,330 |
| | $ | — |
|
| Commercial paper | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,934 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate derivative instruments | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 13 |
|
| Cross-currency derivative instruments | $ | — |
| | $ | 251 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
A summary of the carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt at December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, 2016 | | December 31, 2015 |
| | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Fair Value |
| Debt | | | | | | | | |
| Senior notes and debentures | | $ | 52,933 |
| | $ | 55,203 |
| | $ | 28,433 |
| | $ | 28,744 |
|
| Credit facilities | | $ | 8,814 |
| | $ | 8,943 |
| | $ | 7,290 |
| | $ | 7,274 |
|
The estimated fair value of the Company’s senior notes and debentures as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is based on quoted market prices in active markets and is classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy, while the estimated fair value of the Company’s credit facilities is based on quoted market prices in inactive markets and is classified within Level 2.
Non-financial Assets and Liabilities
The Company’s non-financialnonfinancial assets such as equity-method investments, franchises, property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as upon a business combination and when there is evidence that an impairment may exist. No impairments were recorded in 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 2011.2014. Upon closing of the Transactions, all of Legacy TWC and Legacy Bright House nonfinancial assets and liabilities were recorded at fair values. See Note 2.
13.14. Operating Costs and Expenses
Operating costs and expenses, exclusive of items shown separately in the consolidated statements of operations, consist of the following for the yearsperiods presented:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Programming | $ | 2,146 |
| | $ | 1,965 |
| | $ | 1,860 |
| $ | 7,034 |
| | $ | 2,678 |
| | $ | 2,459 |
|
| Franchise, regulatory and connectivity | 399 |
| | 383 |
| | 371 |
| |
| Regulatory, connectivity and produced content | | 1,467 |
| | 435 |
| | 428 |
|
| Costs to service customers | 1,514 |
| | 1,363 |
| | 1,268 |
| 5,173 |
| | 1,705 |
| | 1,679 |
|
| Marketing | 479 |
| | 422 |
| | 387 |
| 1,699 |
| | 628 |
| | 617 |
|
| Transition costs | | 156 |
| | 72 |
| | 14 |
|
| Other | 807 |
| | 727 |
| | 678 |
| 3,126 |
| | 908 |
| | 776 |
|
| | | | | | | $ | 18,655 |
| | $ | 6,426 |
| | $ | 5,973 |
|
| | $ | 5,345 |
| | $ | 4,860 |
| | $ | 4,564 |
| |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Programming costs consist primarily of costs paid to programmers for basic, premium, digital, OnDemand,video on demand, and pay-per-view programming. Franchise, regulatoryRegulatory, connectivity and connectivityproduced content costs represent payments to franchise and regulatory authorities, and costs directly related to providing video, Internet and voice services.services as well as payments for sports, local and news content produced by the Company. Included in regulatory, connectivity and produced content costs is content acquisition costs for the Los Angeles Lakers’ basketball games and Los Angeles Dodgers’ baseball games which are recorded as games are exhibited over the applicable season. Costs to service customers include residential and commercial costs related to field operations, network operations and customer care for the Company’s residential and small and medium business customers, including internal and third-party labor reconnects,for installations, service and repairs, maintenance, billing and collection, occupancy and vehicle costs. Marketing costs representsrepresent the costs of marketing to our current and potential commercial and residential customers including labor costs. Transition costs represent incremental costs incurred to integrate the TWC and Bright House operations and to increase the scale of the Company’s business as a result of the Transactions. See Note 2. Other includes bad debt and collections expense, corporate overhead, commercial and advertising sales expenses, indirect costs associated with the Company’s enterprise business customers and regional sports and news networks, property tax expense and insurance expense and stock compensation expense, among others.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
14.15. Other Operating Expenses, Net
Other operating expenses, net consist of the following for the years presented:
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Merger and restructuring costs | | $ | 970 |
| | $ | 70 |
| | $ | 38 |
|
| Other pension benefits | | (899 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Special charges, net | | 17 |
| | 15 |
| | 14 |
|
| (Gain) loss on sale of assets, net | | (2 | ) | | 4 |
| | 10 |
|
| | | | | | | $ | 86 |
| | $ | 89 |
| | $ | 62 |
|
| (Gain)/loss on sale of assets, net | $ | 8 |
| | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (4 | ) | |
| Special charges, net | 23 |
| | 20 |
| | 11 |
| |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 31 |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 7 |
| |
Merger and restructuring costs
Merger and restructuring costs represent costs incurred in connection with merger and acquisition transactions and related restructuring, such as advisory, legal and accounting fees, employee retention costs, employee termination costs related to the Transactions and other exit costs. The Company expects to incur additional merger and restructuring costs in connection with the Transactions. Changes in accruals for merger and restructuring costs from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 are presented below:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Employee Retention Costs | | Employee Termination Costs | | Transaction and Advisory Costs | | Other Costs | | Total |
| Liability, December 31, 2015 | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 33 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 33 |
|
| Liability assumed in the Transactions | 80 |
| | 9 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 92 |
|
| Costs incurred | 26 |
| | 337 |
| | 318 |
| | 41 |
| | 722 |
|
| Cash paid | (99 | ) | | (102 | ) | | (329 | ) | | (41 | ) | | (571 | ) |
| Remaining liability, December 31, 2016 | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 244 |
| | $ | 25 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 276 |
|
In addition to the costs indicated above, the Company recorded $248 million of expense related to accelerated vesting of equity awards of terminated employees for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Other pension benefits
Other pension benefits include the pension curtailment gain, remeasurement gain, expected return on plan assets and interest cost components of net periodic pension benefit. See Note 21.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Special charges, net
Special charges, net primarily includes employee termination costs not related to the Transactions and net amounts of litigation settlements.
(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net
(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net represents the gain ornet (gain) loss recognized on the sales and disposals of fixed assets and cable systems.
Special charges, net
Special charges, net for the years ended 2013, 2012 and 2011 primarily include severance charges and net amounts of litigation settlements.
15.16. Stock Compensation Plans
Legacy Charter’s 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (assumed by Charter upon closing of the Transactions) provides for grants of non-qualifiednonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance units and performance shares, share awards, phantom stock, restricted stock units and restricted stock. Directors, officers and other employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as others performing consulting services for the Company, are eligible for grants under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2009 Stock Incentive Plan allows for the issuanceIn April 2016, Charter’s board of up to 14directors and stockholders approved an additional 9 million shares of Charter Class A common stock (or units convertible into Charter Class A common stock) under the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan which now allows for the issuance of up to 21 million shares of Charter Class A common stock (or units convertible into Charter Class A common stock).
At the closing of the TWC Transaction, Legacy TWC employee equity awards were converted into Charter Class A common stock equity awards on the same terms and conditions as were applicable under the Legacy TWC equity awards, except that the number of shares covered by each award and the option exercise prices were adjusted for the Stock Award Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Merger Agreement) such that the intrinsic value of the Converted TWC Awards was approximately equal to that of the original awards at the closing of the Transactions. The Converted TWC Awards represented approximately 4.2 million Charter restricted stock units and 0.8 million Charter stock options (0.5 million of which were exercisable at the time of conversion) and continue to be subject to the terms of the Legacy TWC equity plans. The Converted TWC Awards were measured at their fair value as of the closing of the TWC Transaction. Of that fair value, $514 million related to Legacy TWC employee pre-combination service and was treated as consideration transferred in the TWC Transaction (see Note 2), while $539 million relates to post-combination service and is being amortized to stock compensation expense over the remaining vesting period of the awards. The fair values of the Converted TWC Awards were based on a valuation using assumptions developed by management and other information compiled by management including, but not limited to, historical volatility and exercise trends of Legacy Charter and Legacy TWC. The Parent Merger Exchange Ratio was also applied to outstanding Legacy Charter equity awards and option exercise prices; however, the terms of the equity awards did not change as a result of the Transactions.
Legacy Charter Stock options generallyand restricted stock units cliff vest annually overupon the three or four years from either the grant date or delayed vesting commencement dates.year anniversary of each grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the grant date. Restricteddate and restricted stock vests annually over a one to four-year period beginning from the date of grant. A portion ofunits have no voting rights. Certain stock options and restricted stock units vest based on achievement of stock price hurdles. Restricted stock generally vests annually over one year beginning from the date of grant. Legacy TWC restricted stock units have no voting rights andthat were converted into Charter restricted stock units generally vest 50% on each of the third and fourth anniversary of the grant date. Legacy TWC stock options that were converted into Charter stock options vest ratably over three or foura four-year period and expire ten years from either the grant date or delayed vesting commencement dates. date.
As of December 31, 20132016, total unrecognized compensation remaining to be recognized in future periods totaled $34262 million for stock options, $181 million for restricted stock and $18279 million for restricted stock units and the weighted average period over which they are expected to be recognized is 24 years for stock options, 2 years4 months for restricted stock and 3 years for restricted stock units.
The Company recorded $48$244 million, $50$78 million and $36$55 million of stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, respectively, which is included in operating costs and expensesexpenses. The Company also recorded $248 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to accelerated vesting of equity awards of terminated employees which is recorded in merger and other operating expenses, net.restructuring costs.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
A summary of the activity for the Company’s stock options (after applying the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio) for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, is as follows (amounts(shares in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | Year Ended December 31, |
| | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | | Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
| Outstanding, beginning of period | 3,552 |
| | $ | 54.35 |
| | 4,018 |
| | $ | 49.53 |
| | 1,431 |
| | $ | 35.12 |
| 3,923 |
| | $ | 122.03 |
| | | | 3,336 |
| | $ | 95.44 |
| | | | 2,841 |
| | $ | 66.20 |
| | |
| Granted | 276 |
| | $ | 108.89 |
| | 813 |
| | $ | 69.00 |
| | 3,042 |
| | $ | 54.30 |
| 5,999 |
| | $ | 218.91 |
| | | | 1,176 |
| | $ | 177.14 |
| | | | 1,116 |
| | $ | 151.24 |
| | |
| Converted TWC Awards | | 839 |
| | $ | 86.46 |
| | | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | | | — |
| | $ | — |
| | |
| Exercised | (543 | ) | | $ | 51.22 |
| | (371 | ) | | $ | 40.57 |
| | (141 | ) | | $ | 35.38 |
| (1,015 | ) | | $ | 96.33 |
| | $ | 146 |
| | (524 | ) | | $ | 72.27 |
| | $ | 68 |
| | (579 | ) | | $ | 58.07 |
| | $ | 55 |
|
| Canceled | (143 | ) | | $ | 50.54 |
| | (908 | ) | | $ | 51.74 |
| | (314 | ) | | $ | 36.40 |
| (154 | ) | | $ | 173.98 |
| | | | (65 | ) | | $ | 155.23 |
| | | | (42 | ) | | $ | 115.65 |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Outstanding, end of period | 3,142 |
| | $ | 59.86 |
| | 3,552 |
| | $ | 54.35 |
| | 4,018 |
| | $ | 49.53 |
| 9,592 |
| | $ | 181.39 |
| | $ | 1,022 |
| | 3,923 |
| | $ | 122.03 |
| | | | 3,336 |
| | $ | 95.44 |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average remaining contractual life | 7 |
| years | | 8 |
| years | | 9 |
| years | 8 |
| years | | | | 7 |
| years | | | | 7 |
| years | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Options exercisable, end of period | 1,128 |
| | $ | 52.07 |
| | 469 |
| | $ | 46.23 |
| | 189 |
| | $ | 34.92 |
| 1,665 |
| | $ | 71.71 |
| | $ | 360 |
| | 1,224 |
| | $ | 61.88 |
| | | | 1,193 |
| | $ | 61.76 |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Options expected to vest, end of period | | 7,686 |
| | $ | 205.49 |
| | $ | 634 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average fair value of options granted | $ | 41.52 |
| | | | $ | 28.17 |
| | | | $ | 23.03 |
| | | $ | 47.42 |
| | | | | | $ | 66.20 |
| | | | | | $ | 60.92 |
| | | | |
A summary of the activity for the Company’s restricted stock (after applying the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio) for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, is as follows (amounts(shares in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | Year Ended December 31, |
| | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price |
| Outstanding, beginning of period | 928 |
| | $ | 54.16 |
| | 1,115 |
| | $ | 45.72 |
| | 1,081 |
| | $ | 34.81 |
| 197 |
| | $ | 65.79 |
| | 390 |
| | $ | 63.30 |
| | 590 |
| | $ | 62.09 |
|
| Granted | 13 |
| | $ | 101.81 |
| | 244 |
| | $ | 60.48 |
| | 669 |
| | $ | 53.16 |
| 10 |
| | $ | 231.83 |
| | 6 |
| | $ | 201.34 |
| | 8 |
| | $ | 153.25 |
|
| Vested | (280 | ) | | $ | 51.62 |
| | (370 | ) | | $ | 36.02 |
| | (438 | ) | | $ | 34.98 |
| (197 | ) | | $ | 65.79 |
| | (199 | ) | | $ | 65.16 |
| | (208 | ) | | $ | 63.43 |
|
| Canceled | (8 | ) | | $ | 56.50 |
| | (61 | ) | | $ | 35.25 |
| | (197 | ) | | $ | 34.98 |
| — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Outstanding, end of period | 653 |
| | $ | 56.14 |
| | 928 |
| | $ | 54.16 |
| | 1,115 |
| | $ | 45.72 |
| 10 |
| | $ | 231.81 |
| | 197 |
| | $ | 65.79 |
| | 390 |
| | $ | 63.30 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
A summary of the activity for the Company’s restricted stock units (after applying the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio) for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 20112014, is as follows (amounts(shares in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | Year Ended December 31, |
| | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Price |
| Outstanding, beginning of period | 327 |
| | $ | 61.79 |
| | 273 |
| | $ | 54.86 |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
| 337 |
| | $ | 150.96 |
| | 294 |
| | $ | 115.01 |
| | 260 |
| | $ | 82.64 |
|
| Granted | 73 |
| | $ | 109.96 |
| | 142 |
| | $ | 71.33 |
| | 276 |
| | $ | 54.87 |
| 895 |
| | $ | 213.09 |
| | 148 |
| | $ | 179.17 |
| | 139 |
| | $ | 151.00 |
|
| Converted TWC Awards | | 4,162 |
| | $ | 224.90 |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Vested | (88 | ) | | $ | 61.17 |
| | (52 | ) | | $ | 56.59 |
| | — |
| | $ | — |
| (1,739 | ) | | $ | 219.60 |
| | (90 | ) | | $ | 78.65 |
| | (94 | ) | | $ | 77.67 |
|
| Canceled | (24 | ) | | $ | 55.28 |
| | (36 | ) | | $ | 54.47 |
| | (3 | ) | | $ | 55.12 |
| (342 | ) | | $ | 219.91 |
| | (15 | ) | | $ | 155.43 |
| | (11 | ) | | $ | 124.44 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Outstanding, end of period | 288 |
| | $ | 74.73 |
| | 327 |
| | $ | 61.79 |
| | 273 |
| | $ | 54.86 |
| 3,313 |
| | $ | 192.41 |
| | 337 |
| | $ | 150.96 |
| | 294 |
| | $ | 115.01 |
|
16.17. Income Taxes
AllSubstantially all of Charter’sthe Company’s operations are held through Charter HoldcoHoldings and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Charter HoldcoHoldings and the majority of its subsidiaries are generally limited liability companies that are not subject to income tax. However, certain of these limited liability companies are subject to state income tax. In addition, the indirect subsidiaries that are corporations are subject to federal and state income tax. All ofGenerally, the remaining taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of Charter HoldcoHoldings are passed through to its members, Charter and A/N. Charter is responsible for its direct subsidiaries.share of taxable income or loss of Charter Holdings allocated to it in accordance with the LLC Agreement and partnership tax rules and regulations. As a result, Charter's primary deferred tax component recorded in the consolidated balance sheets relates to its excess financial reporting outside basis, excluding amounts attributable to nondeductible goodwill, over Charter's tax basis in the investment in Charter Holdings.
Charter Holdings, the indirect owner of the Company’s cable systems, generally allocates its taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits proportionately according to the members’ respective ownership interests, except for special allocations required under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations (“Section 704(c)”). Pursuant to Section 704(c) and the LLC Agreement, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the partnership shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the members so as to take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its initial gross asset value using the “traditional method” as described in the Treasury Regulations.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012,2016, 2015, and 2011,2014, the Company recorded deferred income tax expense and benefitsbenefit (expense) as shown below. Income tax expense is recognized primarily through increases in deferred tax liabilities related to the Company's investment in Charter Holdco, as well as through current federal and state income tax expense and increases in the deferred tax liabilities of certain of its indirect corporate subsidiaries. Income tax benefits are realized through reductions in the deferred tax liabilities related to Charter’s investment in Charter Holdco, as well as the deferred tax liabilities of certain of Charter’s indirect corporate subsidiaries. The tax provision in future periods will vary based on current and future temporary differences, as well as future operating results.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Current and deferred income tax expense is as follows:
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | | | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Current expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Federal income taxes | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (1 | ) |
| State income taxes | | (7 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (9 | ) | | | (29 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Current income tax expense | | (8 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (9 | ) | | | (33 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred expense: | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred benefit (expense): | | | | | | | |
| Federal income taxes | | (101 | ) | | (223 | ) | | (258 | ) | | | 2,549 |
| | 53 |
| | (192 | ) |
| State income taxes | | (11 | ) | | (27 | ) | | (32 | ) | | | 409 |
| | 12 |
| | (41 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred income tax expense | | (112 | ) | | (250 | ) | | (290 | ) | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Total income tax expense | | $ | (120 | ) | | $ | (257 | ) | | $ | (299 | ) | | |
| Deferred income tax benefit (expense) | | | 2,958 |
| | 65 |
| | (233 | ) |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | | | $ | 2,925 |
| | $ | 60 |
| | $ | (236 | ) |
Income tax expensebenefit for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased compared2016 was recognized primarily through the reversal of approximately $3.3 billion of valuation allowance (see further discussion below), net of tax effect of permanent differences, a decrease to the corresponding prior period, primarilyanticipated blended state rate applied to Legacy Charter deferred tax balances as a result of step-upsthe Transactions, a change in basisa state tax law, and prior to the closing of the Transactions, increases (decreases) in deferred tax liabilities related to Charter’s franchises which are characterized as indefinite-lived assetsfor book financial reporting purposes.
Prior to July 2, 2015, Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC ("Charter Holdco") was treated as a partnership for tax but not GAAPpurposes. Effective on July 2, 2015, Charter elected to treat two of its wholly owned subsidiaries as disregarded entities for federal and state income tax purposes including(the “Election”). The subsidiaries that made the effectsElection were two of partnership gains related to financing transactions and a partnership restructuring, which decreased the Company's net deferred tax liability related to indefinite-lived assets by $137 million.
Of the $137 million decrease in net deferred tax liability, $101 million of deferred tax benefits correspond to gains recognized by corporate subsidiaries of Charter, which arethree partners in Charter Holdco. This Election resulted in a deemed liquidation of Charter Holdco into Charter solely for federal and state income tax purposes, and resulted primarily from the repaymentin a net increase of Charter Operating credit facility debt with proceeds from the CCO Holdings notes issued in March 2013, see Note 8. The repayment of Charter Operating credit facility debt, which is not guaranteed by Charter, with proceeds from the notes, which are guaranteed by Charter, had the effect of reducing the amount of debt allocable$638 million to the non-guarantor corporate subsidiaries of Charter. For partnership tax purposes, the reduction in the amount of non-guaranteed debt available to allocate to these corporate subsidiaries caused them to recognize gains due to limited basis in their partnership interests in Charter Holdco. These gains result in a step-up in the underlying tax basis of Charter Holdco's assetsHoldco’s amortizable and a corresponding reduction indepreciable assets. After the deferred tax liabilities for financial reporting purposes.Election, all taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of Charter Holdco and its indirect limited liability company subsidiaries were treated as income of Charter. In addition, on December 31, 2013,the indirect subsidiaries of Charter restructured oneHoldco that are corporations joined the Charter consolidated group. The impact of itsthe Election to the Charter income tax partnerships which resulted in a $405provision, net of valuation allowance, was $187 million net step-up to primarily intangible assets and a deferredof income tax benefit of $36 million due torecorded as a shift in step-ups to indefinite-lived intangibles. Thediscrete tax provision in future periods will vary based on various factors including changes inevent during the Company's deferred tax liabilities attributable to indefinite-lived intangibles, as well as future operating results, however the Company does not anticipate having such a large reduction in tax expense attributable to these items unless it enters into similar future financing or restructuring transactions. The ultimate impact on the tax provision of such future financing and restructuring activities, if any, will be dependent on the underlying facts and circumstances at the time.year ended December 31, 2015.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The Company’s effective tax rate differs from that derived by applying the applicable federal income tax rate of 35% for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015, and 20112014, respectively, as follows:
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | | |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | Year Ended December 31, |
| | | | | | | | | 2016 | | 2015 | | 2014 |
| Statutory federal income taxes | | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 17 |
| | $ | 24 |
| | $ | (288 | ) | | $ | 116 |
| | $ | (18 | ) |
| Statutory state income taxes, net | | (7 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (36 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (2 | ) |
| Nondeductible expenses | | (3 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (62 | ) | | (12 | ) | | (10 | ) |
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | | | 78 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Change in valuation allowance | | (127 | ) | | (264 | ) | | (312 | ) | | 3,171 |
| | (250 | ) | | (203 | ) |
| Organizational restructuring | | | — |
| | 187 |
| | — |
|
| Federal tax credits | | | 16 |
| | 18 |
| | — |
|
| State rate changes | | 4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 4 |
| | (3 | ) |
| Other | | (4 | ) | | 3 |
| | 3 |
| | (19 | ) | | 1 |
| | — |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Income tax expense | | $ | (120 | ) | | $ | (257 | ) | | $ | (299 | ) | |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | | | $ | 2,925 |
| | $ | 60 |
| | $ | (236 | ) |
For the years ended December
F- 38
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2012 and 2011, the change2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in valuation allowance includes an increase of $4 million and $3 million, respectively, related to adjustments to cash flow hedges included in other comprehensive income. In addition, themillions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The change in the valuation allowance above for the year ended December 31, 2013 differs from the change between the beginning and ending deferred tax position due to a reduction of certainchange in deferred tax assets and the establishment of a valuation allowance withon the net operating losses which results in no impact to the consolidated statements of operations.
Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)
The tax effects of these temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 are presented below.
| | | | | December 31, | | December 31, |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2016 | | 2015 |
| Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
| Loss carryforwards | | | $ | 4,127 |
| | $ | 4,247 |
|
| Goodwill | | $ | 274 |
| | $ | 199 |
| | — |
| | 315 |
|
| Investment in partnership | | 289 |
| | 448 |
| |
| Loss carryforwards | | 3,170 |
| | 2,943 |
| |
| Other intangibles | | 48 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 211 |
|
| Accrued and other | | 112 |
| | 135 |
| | 243 |
| | 227 |
|
| | | | | | |
| Total gross deferred tax assets | | 3,893 |
| | 3,725 |
| | 4,370 |
| | 5,000 |
|
| Less: valuation allowance | | (2,961 | ) | | (2,851 | ) | | (200 | ) | | (3,186 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| Deferred tax assets | | $ | 932 |
| | $ | 874 |
| | $ | 4,170 |
| | $ | 1,814 |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
| Indefinite life intangibles | | $ | (1,205 | ) | | $ | (1,094 | ) | |
| Other intangibles | | — |
| | (256 | ) | |
| Investment in partnership | | | $ | (30,832 | ) | | $ | — |
|
| Indefinite-lived intangibles | | | — |
| | (1,582 | ) |
| Property, plant and equipment | | (901 | ) | | (575 | ) | | — |
| | (1,822 | ) |
| Indirect corporate subsidiaries: | | | | | |
| Indefinite life intangibles | | (122 | ) | | (120 | ) | |
| Other | | (119 | ) | | (132 | ) | |
| | | | | | |
| Accrued and other | | | (3 | ) | | — |
|
| Deferred tax liabilities | | (2,347 | ) | | (2,177 | ) | | (30,835 | ) | | (3,404 | ) |
| | | | | | |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | | $ | (1,415 | ) | | $ | (1,303 | ) | | $ | (26,665 | ) | | $ | (1,590 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 AND 2011
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Included in net deferred tax liabilities above is net current deferred assets of $16 million and $18 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Company. Net deferred tax liabilities included approximately $22625 million and $21928 million at December 31, 20132016 and 20122015, respectively, relating to certain indirect subsidiaries of Charter Holdco that file separate federal or state income tax returns. The remainder of the Company's net deferred tax liability arose from Charter's investment in Charter Holdco, and was largely attributable to the characterization of franchises for financial reporting purposes as indefinite-lived.
Valuation Allowance
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management takes into account various factors, including the expected level of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies and reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Due to the Company’sLegacy Charter’s history of losses, Legacy Charter was historically unable to assume future taxable income in its analysis and accordingly valuation allowances were established against the limitations imposed under Section 382deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, from definite-lived assets for book accounting purposes. However, as a result of the Code, discussed below, on Charter’s ability to use existing loss carryforwards inTWC Transaction, deferred tax liabilities resulting from the future, valuation allowances have been established except forbook fair value adjustment increased significantly and future taxable income that will result from the reversal of existing temporary differences for which deferred tax liabilities are recognized. Realizationrecognized, is sufficient to conclude it is more likely than not that the Company will realize substantially all of its deferred tax assets. As a result, Charter reversed approximately $3.3 billion of its valuation allowance and recognized a corresponding income tax benefit in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. Approximately $145 million of valuation allowance associated with federal tax net operating loss carryforwards acquired in the TWC Transaction and approximately $55 million of valuation allowance associated with state tax loss carryforwards and other miscellaneous deferred tax assets is dependentremains on generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of the loss carryforwards. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable and, therefore, reflected in theDecember 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet, would be increased at such time that it is more-likely-than-not future taxable income will be realized during the carryforward period. At the time this consideration is met, an adjustment to reverse some portion of the existing valuation allowance would result.sheet.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2013,2016, Charter and its indirect corporate subsidiaries had approximately $8.3$11.2 billion of federal tax net operating loss carryforwards resulting in a gross deferred tax asset of approximately $2.9 billion.$3.9 billion. Federal tax net operating loss carryforwards expire in the years 20212018 through 2033.2035. These losses resulted from the operations of Charter Holdco and its subsidiaries. In addition, as of December 31, 2013,2016, Charter and its indirect corporate subsidiaries had state tax net operating loss carryforwards, resulting in a gross deferred tax asset (net of federal tax benefit) of approximately $276 million.$304 million. State tax net operating loss carryforwards generally expire in the years 20142017 through 2033. Included in the loss carryforwards is $63 million of loss, the tax benefit of which will be recorded through equity when realized as a reduction of income tax payable.2035.
On May 1, 2013, Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty Media”) completed its purchaseUpon closing of a 27% beneficial interest in Charter (see Note 17). Upon closing,the TWC Transaction, Charter experienced a secondthird “ownership change” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue CodeCode; resulting in a secondthird set of limitations on Charter’s use of its existing federal and state net operating losses, capital losses, and tax credit carryforwards. TheBoth the first ownership change limitations that applied as a result of ourLegacy Charter’s emergence from bankruptcy in 2009 and second ownership change limitations that applied as a result of Liberty Media Corporation’s purchase in 2013 of a 27% beneficial interest in Legacy Charter will also continue to apply. As of December 31, 2013, $2.1 billion2016, all of Charter's federal tax loss carryforwards are unrestricted and available for Charter’s immediate use, while approximately $6.2 billion of federal tax loss carryforwards are still subject to Section 382 and other restrictions. Pursuant to these restrictions, Charter estimates that approximately $2.0$5.4 billion $2.0in 2017, $3.8 billion and $400in 2018, $432 million in the years 2014 to 2016, respectively,2019 and an additional $226 million annually over each of the next 8five years of federal tax loss carryforwards should become unrestricted and available for Charter'sCharter’s use. An additional $415 million is currently subject to a valuation allowance. Since the limitation amounts accumulate for future use to the extent they are not utilized in any given year, Charter believes its loss carryforwards should become fully available to offset future taxable income, if any.income. Charter’s state loss carryforwards and indirect corporate subsidiaries’ loss carryforwards are subject to similar, but varying, limitations on their future use. If the CompanyCharter was to experience another “ownership change” in the future, its ability to use its loss carryforwards could be subject to further limitations.
Tax Receivable Agreement
Under the LLC Agreement, A/N has rights to: (1) convert at any time some or all of its preferred units in Charter Holdings for common units in Charter Holdings, and (2) exchange at any time some or all of its common units in Charter Holdings for Charter’s Class A common stock or cash, at Charter’s option. Pursuant to a Tax Receivable Agreement ("TRA") between Charter and A/N, Charter must pay to A/N 50% of the tax benefit when realized by Charter from the step-up in tax basis resulting from any future exchange or sale of the preferred and common units. Charter did not record a liability for this obligation as of the acquisition date since the tax benefit is dependent on uncertain future events that are outside of Charter’s control, such as the timing of a conversion or exchange. A future exchange or sale is not based on a fixed and determinable date and the exchange or sale is not certain to occur. If all of A/N's partnership units were to be exchanged or sold in the future, the undiscounted value of the obligation is currently estimated to be in the range of zero to $3 billion depending on measurement of the tax step-up in the future and Charter’s ability to realize the tax benefit in the periods following the exchange or sale. Factors impacting these calculations include, but are not limited to, the fair value of the equity at the time of the exchange and the effective tax rates when the benefits are realized.
In connection with the Letter Agreement between Charter and A/N whereby 1.9 million Charter Holdings common units held by A/N were exchanged for shares of Charter Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $537 million, an immediate step-up of $580 million in the tax basis of the assets of Charter Holdings occurred. As it relates to the exchange and tax step-up, a net deferred tax asset of approximately $82 million was recorded and a resulting TRA liability owed to A/N of $137 million which, as a transaction with a shareholder, was recorded directly to additional paid in capital. The TRA liability is recorded on an iterative, undiscounted basis and included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Uncertain Tax Positions
In determiningconnection with the Company’s tax provision for financial reporting purposes,TWC Transaction, the Company establishes aassumed $181 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, which are recorded within other long-term liabilities. The net amount of the unrecognized tax benefits that could impact the effective tax rate is $154 million. The Company has determined that it is reasonably possible that its existing reserve for uncertain tax positions unless suchas of December 31, 2016 could decrease by $35 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to various ongoing audits, settlement discussions and expiration of statute of limitations with various state and local agencies; however, various events could cause the Company’s current expectations to change in the future. These uncertain tax positions, are determined toif ever recognized in the financial statements, would be “more likely than not”recorded in the consolidated statements of being sustained upon examination, based on their technical merits. There is considerable judgment involved in determining whether positions taken onoperations as part of the income tax return are “more likely than not” of being sustained.provision. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, included in deferred income taxesother long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Company is as follows:
|
| | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2011 | | $ | 228 |
|
| Additions based on tax positions related to prior year | | 1 |
|
| Reductions due to tax positions related to prior year | | (27 | ) |
| | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | | 202 |
|
| Additions based on tax positions related to prior year | | — |
|
| Reductions due to tax positions related to prior year | | (202 | ) |
| | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | | $ | — |
|
The Company's entire reserve for uncertain tax positions includes tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain, but for which there is uncertainty about the character of the deductibility. Included in the balance at December 31, 2013, is $202 million of net reductions related to losses which were offset by gains discussed above. The change in character of the deduction would not impact the annual effective tax rate after consideration of the valuation allowance. The deductions for the uncertain tax positions are included with the loss carryforwards in the deferred tax assets and therefore there is no impact to the financial statements. |
| | | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2014 | $ | — |
|
| Additions on current year tax positions | 5 |
|
| | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2015 | 5 |
|
| Additions on prior year tax positions | 1 |
|
| Additions on current year tax positions | 7 |
|
| Additions on tax positions assumed in the TWC Transaction | 181 |
|
| Reductions on settlements and expirations with taxing authorities | (22 | ) |
| | |
| BALANCE, December 31, 2016 | $ | 172 |
|
No tax years for Charter, Charter Holdings, or Charter Holdco,Communications Holding Company, LLC for income tax purposes, are currently under examination by the IRS. TaxLegacy Charter’s tax years ending 20102013 through 2013the short period return dated May 17, 2016 remain subject to examination and assessment. Years prior to 20102013 remain open solely for purposes of examination of Legacy Charter’s loss and credit carryforwards. The IRS is currently examining Legacy TWC’s income tax returns for 2011 and 2012. Legacy TWC’s tax years ending 2013 through 2015 remain subject to examination and assessment. Prior to Legacy TWC’s separation from Time Warner Inc. (“Time Warner”) in March 2009 (the “Separation”), Legacy TWC was included in the consolidated U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns of Time Warner. The IRS is currently examining Time Warner’s 2008 through 2010 income tax returns. Time Warner’s income tax returns for 2005 to 2007, which are periods prior to the Separation, were settled with the exception of an immaterial item that has been referred to the IRS Appeals Division. The Company does not anticipate that these examinations will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Company is also subject to ongoing examinations of the Company’s tax returns by state and local tax authorities for various periods. Activity related to these state and local examinations did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations in 2016, nor does the Company anticipate a material impact in the future.
17.CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
18. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock and if-converted methods and is based on the weighted average number of shares used for the basic earnings per share calculation, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, equity awards with market conditions and Charter Holdings convertible preferred units and common units. Weighted average number of shares outstanding for all periods presented has been recast to reflect the application of the Parent Merger Exchange Ratio. Basic loss per common share equaled diluted loss per common share for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 because the Company incurred a net loss during those periods. The following is the computation of diluted earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2016.
|
| | | |
| | 2016 |
| Numerator: | |
| Net income attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 3,522 |
|
| Effect of dilutive securities: | |
| Charter Holdings common units | 129 |
|
| Charter Holdings convertible preferred units | 93 |
|
| Net income attributable to Charter shareholders after assumed conversions | $ | 3,744 |
|
| | |
| Denominator: | |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic | 206,539,100 |
|
| Effect of dilutive securities: | |
| Assumed exercise or issuance of shares relating to stock plans | 3,088,871 |
|
| Weighted average Charter Holdings common units | 19,333,227 |
|
| Weighted average Charter Holdings convertible preferred units | 5,830,241 |
|
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted | 234,791,439 |
|
| | |
| Basic earnings per common share attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 17.05 |
|
| Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | 15.94 |
|
19. Related Party Transactions
The following sets forth certain transactions in which the Company and the directors, executive officers, and affiliates of the Company are involved or, in the case of the management arrangements, subsidiaries that are debt issuers that pay certain of their parent companies for services.
Charter is a party to management arrangements with Charter HoldcoSpectrum Management Holding Company, LLC ("Spectrum Management") and certain of itstheir subsidiaries. Under these agreements, Charter, Spectrum Management and Charter Holdco provide management services for the cable systems owned or operated by their subsidiaries. Costs associated with providing these services are charged directly to the Company’s operating subsidiaries and are included within operating costs and expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Such costs totaled $305 million, $247 million, and $249 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.subsidiaries. All other costs incurred on behalf of Charter’s operating subsidiaries are considered a part of the management fee andfee. These costs are recorded as a component of operating costs and expenses, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The management fee charged to the Company’s operating subsidiaries approximated the expenses incurred by Spectrum Management, Charter Holdco and Charter on behalf of the Company’s operating subsidiaries in 20132016, 20122015, and 20112014.
Liberty MediaBroadband and A/N
On May 1, 2013, Liberty Media completed its purchase from investment funds managed by, or affiliated with, Apollo Global Management, LLC ("Apollo"), Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. ("Oaktree") and Crestview Partners ("Crestview") of approximately 26.9 million shares and warrants to purchase approximately 1.1 million shares23, 2015, in Charter for approximately $2.6 billion (the "Liberty Media Transaction"), which represents an approximate 27% beneficial ownership in Charter and a price per share of $95.50.
In connection with the Liberty Media Transaction,execution of the Merger Agreement and the amendment of the Contribution Agreement, Charter entered into a stockholders agreementthe Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement with Liberty Media that, among other things, providedBroadband, A/N and Legacy Charter (the “Stockholders Agreement”) and the Charter Holdings Limited Liability Operating Agreement (“LLC Agreement”) with Liberty Media with the right to designate four directors for appointment to Charter's board of directors in
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
connectionBroadband and A/N. As of the closing of the Merger Agreement and the Contribution Agreement on May 18, 2016, the Stockholders Agreement replaced Legacy Charter’s existing stockholders agreement with Liberty Broadband, dated September 29, 2014, and superseded the closing.amended and restated stockholders agreement among Legacy Charter, Charter, Liberty Media designated John Malone, ChairmanBroadband and A/N, dated March 31, 2015.
Under the terms of Liberty Media, Gregory Maffei, presidentthe Stockholders Agreement, the number of Charter’s directors is fixed at 13, and includes its chief executive officerofficer. Upon the closing of the Bright House Transaction, two designees selected by A/N became members of the board of directors of Charter and three designees selected by Liberty Media, Balan Nair, executive vice presidentBroadband continued as members of the board of directors of Charter. The remaining eight directors are not affiliated with either A/N or Liberty Broadband. Each of A/N and chief technology officerLiberty Broadband is entitled to nominate at least one director to each of Liberty Global plc, and Michael Huseby, chief executive officerthe committees of Barnes & Noble, Inc. Charter’s board of directors, appointed these directors effective upon the resignations of Stan Parker, Darren Glatt, Bruce Karshsubject to applicable stock exchange listing rules and Edgar Lee in connection with the closing of the Liberty Media Transaction on May 1, 2013. Subject to Liberty Media’s continuedcertain specified voting or equity ownership level in Charter, the stockholders agreement also provides that Liberty Media can designate up to four directors as nomineesthresholds for election to Charter’s board of directors at least through Charter’s 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, and that up to one of these individuals may serve on each of the Audit Committee,A/N and Liberty Broadband, and provided that the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation and BenefitsBenefit Committee each have at least a majority of Charter’s boarddirectors independent from A/N, Liberty Broadband and the Company (referred to as the “unaffiliated directors”). Each of directors. Consistent with these provisions, the board appointed Dr. Malone to serve on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Mr. Maffei to serve on the Finance Committee and the Compensation and Benefits Committee is currently comprised of three unaffiliated directors and one designee of each of A/N and Liberty Broadband. A/N and Liberty Broadband also have certain other committee designation and other governance rights. Upon the closing of the Bright House Transaction, Mr. Huseby to serve onThomas Rutledge, the Audit Committee.Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), became the chairman of the board of Charter.
In addition, Liberty Media agreed to not increaseDecember 2016, the Company and A/N entered into the Letter Agreement in which A/N exchanged Charter Holdings common units for shares of Charter Class A common stock and the Company purchased from A/N Charter Holdings common units. The Letter Agreement also requires pro rata participation by A/N and its beneficial ownershipaffiliates in any repurchases of shares of Charter above 35%Class A common stock until January 2016, at which point such limit increases to 39.99%. Liberty Media is also,A/N has sold shares or units totaling $537 million ($218 million has already been completed), subject to certain exceptions, subjectLiberty Broadband's right of first refusal to certain customary standstill provisions that prohibit Liberty Mediapurchase shares or units from among other things, engaging in proxy or consent solicitations relatingA/N upon A/N's sale to any third party, excluding the Company. See Note 11 for more information. Pursuant to the election of directors. The standstill limitations apply through the 2015 shareholder meetingTRA between Charter and continueA/N, Charter must pay to apply as long as Liberty Media's designees are nominated to the Charter board, unless the agreement is earlier terminated. Charter approved Liberty Media as an interested stockholder under the business combination provisionsA/N 50% of the Delaware General Corporation Law.tax benefit when realized by Charter from the step-up in tax basis resulting from any future exchange or sale of the preferred and common units. See Note 17 for more information.
The Company is aware that Dr. John Malone may be deemed to have a 34.5%36.4% voting interest in Liberty Interactive Corp. (“Liberty Interactive”) and is Chairman of the board of directors, an executive officer position, of Liberty Interactive. Liberty Interactive owns 36.9%38.3% of the common stock of HSN, Inc. (“HSN”) and has the right to elect 20% of the board members of HSN. Liberty Interactive wholly owns QVC, IncInc. (“QVC”). The Company has programming relationships with HSN and QVC which pre-date the transaction with Liberty Media Transaction.Media. For the nine monthsyears ended December 31, 2013,2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company receivedrecorded payments in aggregate of approximately $10$53 million, $17 million and $14 million, respectively, from HSN and QVC as part of channel carriage fees and revenue sharing arrangements for home shopping sales made to customers in Charter'sthe Company’s footprint.
Dr. Malone and Mr. Steven Miron, each a member of Charter’s board of directors, also servesserve on the board of directors of Discovery Communications, Inc., (“Discovery”) and the Company is aware that Dr. Malone owns 4.3%5.2% in the aggregate of the common stock of Discovery and has a 29.2%28.7% voting interest in Discovery for the election of directors. The Company is aware that Advance/Newhouse Programming Partnership (“A/N PP”), an affiliate of A/N and in which Mr. Miron is the CEO, owns 100% of the Series A preferred stock of Discovery and 100% of the Series C preferred stock of Discovery, representing approximately 34.0% of the outstanding equity of Discovery’s stock, on an as-converted basis. A/N PP has the right to appoint three directors out of a total of ten directors to Discovery’s board to be elected by the holders of Discovery’s Series A preferred stock. In addition, Dr. Malone is a member of the board of directors of Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. ("Lions Gate", parent company of Starz, Inc.) and owns 9.2%approximately 5.9% in the aggregate of the common stock of StarzLions Gate and has 42.8%8.1% of the voting power. Mr. Maffei is a non-executive Chairmanpower, pursuant to his ownership of the board of Starz.Lions Gate Class A voting shares. The Company purchases programming from both Discovery and StarzLions Gate pursuant to agreements entered into prior to the Liberty Media Transaction and Dr. Malone and Mr. MaffeiMiron joining Charter'sCharter’s board of directors. Based on publicly available information, the Company does not believe that either Discovery or StarzLions Gate would currently be considered related parties. The amounts paid in the aggregate to Discovery and StarzLions Gate represent less than 3% of total operating costs and expenses for the nine monthsyears ended December 31, 2013.2016, 2015 and 2014.
Registration Rights AgreementEquity Investments
As part of the emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009,The Company has agreements with certain equity-method investees (see Note 7) pursuant to which the Company agreedhas made or received related party transaction payments. The Company recorded payments to a Registration Rights Agreement with certain holders ofequity-method investees totaling $171 million and $28 million during the Company's Class A common stock which required theyears ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company to file a shelf-registration statement with the SEC to provide for a continuous secondary offering of the stock. The registration statement became effective in November 2010. The Registration Rights Agreement provided that any holder of securities that wished to sell stock under the existing shelf-registration statement must give the Company five business days notice that such holder wishes to sell and that the Company notify the other holders which were party to the Registration Rights Agreement.recorded advertising revenues
In August 2012, the Company and the Company's then three largest holders, Apollo, Oaktree and Crestview amended the Registration Rights Agreement to provide for sales of shares of the Company's Class A common stock in a block trade through an underwriter and the related mechanics for block trades. Because the amendment involved the Company and affiliates, it was deemed a related party transaction. The amendment was considered and approved by the Audit Committee. Charter received no compensation from entering into the amendment nor from any subsequent sales of shares.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Stock Repurchasesfrom transactions with equity-method investees totaling $7 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company has loans outstanding to investees of $5 million as of December 31, 2016.
See “Note 9. Treasury Stock” for the description of Charter’s purchase of shares of its Class A common stock from Franklin Advisers, Inc., Oaktree and Apollo. At the time of the purchase, funds advised by Franklin Advisers, Inc., Oaktree and Apollo beneficially each held more than 10% of Charter’s Class A common stock.
18.20. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The following table summarizes the Company’s payment obligations as of December 31, 20132016 for its contractual obligations.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Total | | 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | Thereafter |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Contractual Obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Capital and Operating Lease Obligations (1) | | $ | 136 |
| | $ | 35 |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | 13 |
| | $ | 10 |
|
| Programming Minimum Commitments (2) | | 970 |
| | 227 |
| | 236 |
| | 239 |
| | 236 |
| | 9 |
| | 23 |
|
| Other (3) | | 562 |
| | 535 |
| | 22 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | $ | 1,668 |
| | $ | 797 |
| | $ | 288 |
| | $ | 270 |
| | $ | 258 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 33 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 | | 2020 | | 2021 | | Thereafter |
Capital and Operating Lease Obligations (a) | $ | 1,324 |
| | $ | 259 |
| | $ | 225 |
| | $ | 180 |
| | $ | 142 |
| | 108 |
| | $ | 410 |
|
Programming Minimum Commitments (b) | 310 |
| | 225 |
| | 37 |
| | 26 |
| | 22 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Other (c) | 13,187 |
| | 1,334 |
| | 810 |
| | 704 |
| | 664 |
| | 539 |
| | 9,136 |
|
| | $ | 14,821 |
| | $ | 1,818 |
| | $ | 1,072 |
| | $ | 910 |
| | $ | 828 |
| | $ | 647 |
| | $ | 9,546 |
|
(1) The Company leases certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Leases and rental costs charged to expense for the years ended | |
(a) December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $34 million, $28 million, $27 million, respectively.
(2) The Company pays programming fees under multi-year contracts ranging from three to ten years, typically based on a flat fee per customer, which may be fixed for the term, or may in some cases escalate over the term. Programming costs included in the accompanying statement of operations were $2.1 billion, $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 respectively. Certain of the Company’s programming agreements are based on a flat fee per month or have guaranteed minimum payments. The table sets forth the aggregate guaranteed minimum commitments under the Company’s programming contracts.
(3) “Other” represents other guaranteed minimum commitments, which consist primarily of commitments to the Company's customer premise equipment vendors.
| The Company leases certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable capital and operating leases. Leases and rental costs charged to expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $215 million, $49 million, $43 million, respectively. |
| |
(b) | The Company pays programming fees under multi-year contracts ranging from three to ten years, typically based on a flat fee per customer, which may be fixed for the term, or may in some cases escalate over the term. Programming costs included in the statement of operations were $7.0 billion, $2.7 billion and $2.5 billion for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively. Certain of the Company’s programming agreements are based on a flat fee per month or have guaranteed minimum payments. The table sets forth the aggregate guaranteed minimum commitments under the Company’s programming contracts. |
| |
(c) | “Other” represents other guaranteed minimum commitments, including rights negotiated directly with content owners for distribution on Company-owned channels or networks and commitments related to the Company’s role as an advertising and distribution sales agent for third party-owned channels or networks as well as commitments to the Company’s customer premise equipment vendors. |
The following items are not included in the contractual obligation table due to various factors discussed below. However, the Company incurs these costs as part of its operations:
The Company rents utility poles used in its operations. Generally, pole rentals are cancelable on short notice, but the Company anticipates that such rentals will recur. Rent expense incurred for pole rental attachments for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015, and 20112014 was $49115 million, $4753 million, and $49 million, respectively.
The Company pays franchise fees under multi-year franchise agreements based on a percentage of revenues generated from video service per year. The Company also pays other franchise related costs, such as public education grants, under multi-year agreements. Franchise fees and other franchise-related costs included in the accompanying statement of operations were $190534 million, $176212 million, and $174208 million for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015, and 20112014 respectively.
The Company also has $73278 million in letters of credit, of which $220 million is secured under the Charter Operating credit facility, primarily to its various worker’s compensation, property and casualty and general liability carriers as collateral for reimbursement of workers' compensation, auto liability and general liability claims.
Minimum pension funding requirements have not been presented in the table above as such amounts have not been determined beyond 2016. The Company made no cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in 2016; however, the Company is permitted to make discretionary cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in 2017. For the nonqualified pension plan, the Company contributed $5 million during 2016 and will continue to make contributions in 2017 to the extent benefits are paid.
Legal Proceedings
In 2014, following an announcement by Comcast and Legacy TWC of their intent to merge, Breffni Barrett and others filed suit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York for the County of New York against Comcast, Legacy TWC and their respective officers and directors. Later five similar class actions were consolidated with this matter (the “NY Actions”). The NY Actions
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Litigationwere settled in July 2014, however, such settlement was terminated following the termination of the Comcast and TWC merger in April 2015. In May 2015, Charter and TWC announced their intent to merge. Subsequently, the parties in the NY Actions filed a Second Consolidated Class Action Complaint (the “Second Amended Complaint”), removing Comcast as a defendant and naming TWC, the members of the TWC board of directors, Charter and the merger subsidiaries as defendants. The Second Amended Complaint generally alleges, among other things, that the members of the TWC board of directors breached their fiduciary duties to TWC stockholders during the Charter merger negotiations and by entering into the merger agreement and approving the mergers, and that Charter aided and abetted such breaches of fiduciary duties. The complaint sought, among other relief, injunctive relief enjoining the stockholder vote on the mergers, unspecified declaratory and equitable relief, compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, and costs and attorneys’ fees.
In September 2015, the parties entered into a memorandum of understanding (“MOU”) to settle the action. Pursuant to the MOU, the defendants issued certain supplemental disclosures relating to the mergers on a Form 8-K, and plaintiffs agreed to release with prejudice all claims that could have been asserted against defendants in connection with the mergers. The settlement is conditioned on, among other things, approval by the New York Supreme Court. That court gave preliminary approval to the settlement in October 2016. A hearing to consider final approval of this settlement is set for March 2017. In the event that the New York Supreme Court does not approve the settlement, Charter intends to vigorously defend this case.
In August 2015, a purported stockholder of Charter, Matthew Sciabacucchi, filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, on behalf of a putative class of Charter stockholders, challenging the transactions between Charter, TWC, A/N, and Liberty Broadband announced by Charter on May 26, 2015 (collectively, the “Transactions”). The lawsuit names as defendants Liberty Broadband, Charter, the board of directors of Charter, and New Charter. Plaintiff alleged that the Transactions improperly benefit Liberty Broadband at the expense of other Charter shareholders, and that Charter issued a false and misleading proxy statement in connection with the Transactions. Plaintiff requested, among other things, that the Delaware Court of Chancery enjoin the September 21, 2015 special meeting of Charter stockholders at which Charter stockholders were asked to vote on the Transactions until the defendants disclosed certain information relating to Charter and the Transactions. The disclosures demanded by the plaintiff included (i) certain unlevered free cash flow projections for Charter and (ii) a Form of Proxy and Right of First Refusal Agreement (“Proxy”) by and among Liberty Broadband, A/N, Charter and New Charter, which was referenced in the description of the Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated May 23, 2015, among Charter, New Charter, Liberty Broadband and A/N. On September 9, 2015, Charter issued supplemental disclosures containing unlevered free cash flow projections for Charter. In return, the plaintiff agreed its disclosure claims were moot and withdrew its application to enjoin the Charter stockholder vote on the Transactions. Charter has filed a motion to dismiss this litigation but the court has not yet ruled upon it. Charter denies any liability, believes that it has substantial defenses, and intends to vigorously defend this suit.
The Montana DepartmentCalifornia Attorney General and the Alameda County, California District Attorney are investigating whether certain of Revenue ("Montana DOR") generally assesses property taxesLegacy Charter’s waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. That investigation was commenced in January 2014. A similar investigation involving Legacy TWC was initiated in February 2012. Charter is cooperating with these investigations. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these investigations, it does not expect that the outcome will have a material effect on cable companies at 3% and on telephone companies at 6%. Historically, Bresnan's cable and telephoneits operations, have been taxed separately by the Montana DOR. In 2010, the Montana DOR assessed Bresnan as a single telephone business and retroactively assessed it as such for 2007 through 2009. Bresnanfinancial condition, or cash flows.
On December 19, 2011, Sprint Communications Company L.P. (“Sprint”) filed a declaratory judgment action againstcomplaint in the Montana DOR in Montana StateU.S. District Court challengingfor the District of Kansas alleging that Legacy TWC infringes 12 U.S. patents purportedly relating to Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) services. Over the course of the litigation Sprint dismissed its property tax classifications for 2007 through 2010. Under Montana law, a taxpayer must first pay a current assessmentclaims relating to five of disputed property tax in orderthe asserted patents, and shortly before trial Sprint dropped its claims with respect to challenge such assessment. In accordance with that law, Bresnan paidtwo additional patents. A trial on the disputed 2010, 2011 and 2012 property tax assessmentsremaining five patents is scheduled to begin on February 13, 2017. The plaintiff is seeking monetary damages of approximately $5 million, $11 million$150 million. The plaintiff is also claiming that TWC willfully infringed the patents, and $9 million, respectively, under protest. No payments for additional tax for 2007 through 2009, which could bemay seek up to approximately $16 million, including interest, weretreble damages as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. Charter intends to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. However, no assurances can be made at that time. such defenses would ultimately be successful. At this time, the Company does not expect that the outcome of this litigation will have a material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition or cash flows although the ultimate outcome of the litigation cannot be predicted.
On September 26, 2011,October 23, 2015, the Montana StateNew York Office of the Attorney General (the “NY AG”) began an investigation of Legacy TWC's advertised Internet speeds and other Internet product advertising. On February 1, 2017, the NY AG filed suit in the Supreme Court granted Bresnan's summary judgment motion seeking to vacate the Montana DOR's retroactive tax assessments for the years 2007, 2008State of New York alleging that Legacy TWC's advertising of Internet speeds was false and 2009.misleading. The Montana DOR's assessment for 2010 wassuit seeks restitution and injunctive relief. The Company denies that Legacy TWC engaged in any wrongdoing and the subject of a trial, which took place Company intends to defend itself vigorously. However, no assurances can be made that such defenses would ultimately be successful. At this time,
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
the week of October 24, 2011. On July 6, 2012, the Montana State Court entered judgment in favor of Bresnan, rulingCompany does not expect that the Montana's DOR 2010 assessment was invalid and contrary to law, vacating the 2010 assessment, and directing that the Montana DOR refund the amounts paid by Bresnan under protest, plus interest and certain costs. The Montana DOR filedoutcome of this litigation will have a notice of appeal to the Montana Supreme Courtmaterial adverse effect on September 20, 2012. The appeal was fully briefed, and was argued to the Montana Supreme Court in September 2013. On December 2, 2013, the Montana Supreme Court reversed the trial court’s decision and remanded the matter to the trial court. Charter filed a petition for rehearing which was denied on January 7, 2014. At this point, there have been no further proceedings before the trial court, although Charter has filed pleadings to renew challenges to the Montana DOR’s assessments that had been mooted by the Montana State Court’s prior ruling. With respect to the Montana Supreme Court ruling, Charter’s primary remaining course of action is an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. A decision has not been made as to whether this appeal will be pursued. Pending entry of a final judgment, the Montana DOR continues to hold Charter's protest payments aggregating approximately $25 million in escrow and continues to assess the Company as a single telephone business. The Company will make additional protest payments until a final judgment is entered, including payments for 2007, 2008 and 2009. The prior years' assessments are accrued in the Company'sits operations, financial statements.condition or cash flows.
The Company is a defendant co-defendant or plaintiff seeking declaratory judgmentsco-defendant in several lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various patents relating to various aspects of its businesses. Other industry participants are also defendants or plaintiffs seeking declaratory judgments in certain of these cases. In the event that a court ultimately determines that the Company infringes on any intellectual property rights, the Company may be subject to substantial damages and/or an injunction that could require the Company or its vendors to modify certain products and services the Company offers to its subscribers, as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the patents at issue. While the Company believes the lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously, no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any such claims nor can it reasonably estimate a range of possible loss.
The Company is party to lawsuits, claims and claimsregulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of conducting its business, including lawsuits claiming violation of wage and hour laws.laws and breach of contract by vendors, including by three programmers. The ultimate outcome of these other legal matters pending against the Company cannot be predicted, and although such lawsuits and claims are not expected individually to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, such lawsuits could have, in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Whether or not the Company ultimately prevails in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure the Company'sCompany’s reputation.
Regulation in the Cable Industry21. Employee Benefit Plans
Pension Plans
Upon completion of the TWC Transaction, Charter assumed sponsorship of Legacy TWC’s pension plans. The operation of a cable system is extensively regulated byCompany sponsors two qualified defined benefit pension plans, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), some state governments and most local governments. The FCC has the authority to enforce its regulations through the imposition of substantial fines, the issuance of cease and desist orders and/or the imposition of other administrative sanctions, such as the revocation of FCC licenses needed to operate certain transmission facilities used in connection with cable operations. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 altered the regulatory structure governing the nation’s communications providers. It removed barriers to competition in both the cable television marketTWC Pension Plan and the telephone market. Among other things, it reducedTWC Union Pension Plan, that provide pension benefits to a majority of Legacy TWC employees. The Company also provides a nonqualified defined benefit pension plan for certain employees under the scope of cable rate regulation and encouraged additional competition in the video programming industry by allowing telephone companies to provide video programming in their own telephone service areas. Future legislative and regulatory changes could adversely affect the Company’s operations.TWC Excess Pension Plan.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
19. Employee Changes in the projected benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets and funded status of the pension plans from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 are presented below:
|
| | | |
| | 2016 |
| Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | — |
|
| Benefit obligation assumed in the TWC Transaction | 4,009 |
|
| Service cost | 86 |
|
| Interest cost | 87 |
|
| Curtailment amendment | (675 | ) |
| Actuarial gain | (149 | ) |
| Benefits paid | (98 | ) |
| Projected benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 3,260 |
|
| | |
| Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 3,260 |
|
| | |
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | $ | — |
|
| Fair value of plan assets acquired in the TWC Transaction | 2,877 |
|
| Actual return on plan assets | 162 |
|
| Employer contributions | 5 |
|
| Benefits paid | (98 | ) |
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | $ | 2,946 |
|
| | |
| Funded status | $ | (314 | ) |
The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the qualified pension plans and the nonqualified pension plan as of December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | | | | | | |
| | Qualified Pension Plans | | Nonqualified Pension Plan |
| | December 31, 2016 |
| Projected benefit obligation | $ | 3,204 |
| | $ | 56 |
|
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 3,204 |
| | $ | 56 |
|
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | 2,946 |
| | $ | — |
|
Pretax amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | | |
| | December 31, 2016 |
| Noncurrent asset | $ | 1 |
|
| Current liability | (6 | ) |
| Long-term liability | (309 | ) |
| Net amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheet | $ | (314 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The components of net periodic benefit costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
| Service cost | $ | 86 |
|
| Interest cost | 87 |
|
| Expected return on plan assets | (116 | ) |
| Pension curtailment gain | (675 | ) |
| Remeasurement gain | (195 | ) |
| Net periodic pension benefit | $ | (813 | ) |
The $195 million remeasurement gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily driven by the effects of an increase of the discount rate from 3.99% at the closing date of the TWC Transaction to 4.20% at December 31, 2016 and a gain to record pension assets at December 31, 2016 fair values.
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | |
| December 31, 2016 |
| Discount rate | 4.20 | % |
| Rate of compensation increase | — | % |
The weighted average of discount rates used to measure the projected benefit obligation at the closing date of the TWC Transaction was 3.99%. The rate of compensation increase used to measure the projected benefit obligation as of the closing of the TWC Transaction was an age-graded average increase of 4.25%. The Company utilized the RP 2015/MP2015 mortality tables published by the Society of Actuaries to measure the benefit obligations as of December 31, 2016 and the closing date of the TWC Transaction.
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | |
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
| Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets | 6.50 | % |
Discount rate (a) | 3.72 | % |
Rate of compensation increase (b) | — | % |
| |
(a) | The discount rate used to determine net periodic pension benefit was 3.99% from the closing date of the TWC Transaction through remeasurement date (June 30, 2016), and was 3.72% from remeasurement date through December 31, 2016. |
| |
(b) | The rate of compensation increase used to determine net periodic pension benefit was 4.25% from the closing date of the TWC Transaction through remeasurement date (June 30, 2016), and 0% thereafter. See “Pension Plan Curtailment Amendment” below for further discussion. |
In developing the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the Company considered the pension portfolio’s composition, past average rate of earnings and the Company’s future asset allocation targets. The weighted average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to determine net periodic pension benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017 is expected to be 6.50%. The Company determined the discount rates used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic pension benefit based on the yield of a large population of high quality corporate bonds with cash flows sufficient in timing and amount to settle projected future defined benefit payments.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
Pension Plan Curtailment Amendment
Following the closing of the TWC Transaction, Charter amended the pension plans to freeze future benefit accruals to current active plan participants as of August 31, 2016. Effective September 1, 2016, no future compensation increases or future service will be credited to participants of the pension plans and new hires are not eligible to participate in the plans. Upon announcement and approval of the plan amendment, the assumptions underlying the pension liability and pension asset values were reassessed utilizing remeasurement date assumptions in accordance with Charter’s mark-to-market pension accounting policy to record gains and losses in the period in which a remeasurement event occurs. The $675 million curtailment gain recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily driven by the reduction of the compensation rate assumption to 0% in accordance with the terms of the plan amendment, reflecting the pension liability at its accumulated benefit obligation instead of its projected benefit obligation at the remeasurement date.
Pension Plan Assets
The assets of the qualified pension plans are held in a master trust in which the qualified pension plans are the only participating plans (the “Master Trust”). The investment policy for the qualified pension plans is to achieve a reasonable long-term rate of return on plan assets with an acceptable level of risk in order to maintain adequate funding levels. The investment portfolio is a mix of fixed-income and equity securities with the objective of matching plan liability performance, diversifying risk and achieving a target investment return. The pension plan’s Investment Committee establishes risk mitigation policies and regularly monitors investment performance, investment allocation policies, and the execution of these strategies. The Investment Committee engages a third-party investment firm with responsibility of executing the directives of the Investment Committee, monitoring the performance of individual investment managers of the Master Trust, and making adjustments and changes within defined parameters when necessary. On a periodic basis, the Investment Committee conducts a broad strategic review of its portfolio construction and investment allocation policies. Neither the Company, the Investment Committee, nor the third-party investment firm manages any assets internally or directly utilizes derivative instruments or hedging; however, the investment mandate of some investment managers allows the use of derivatives as components of their standard portfolio management strategies. Pension assets are managed in a balanced portfolio comprised of two major components: a return-seeking portion and a liability-matching portion. The expected role of return-seeking investments is to achieve a reasonable long-term growth of pension assets with a prudent level of risk, while the role of liability-matching investments is to provide a partial hedge against liability performance associated with changes in interest rates. The objective within return-seeking investments is to achieve asset diversity in order to balance return and volatility.
The Company adopted an investment strategy referred to as a de-risking glide path to increase the fixed income allocation as the funded status of the qualified pension plans improves. As the qualified pension plans reach set funded status milestones, the assets will be rebalanced to shift more assets from equity to fixed income. Based on the progress with this strategy, the target investment allocation for pension fund assets is permitted to vary within specified ranges subject to Investment Committee approval for return-seeking securities and liability-matching securities. The target and actual investment allocation of the qualified pension plans by asset category as of December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
|
| | | | | |
| | Target | | Actual Allocation |
| | Allocation | | December 31, 2016 |
| Return-seeking securities | 75.0 | % | | 64.4 | % |
| Liability-matching securtties | 25.0 | % | | 35.4 | % |
| Other investments | — | % | | 0.2 | % |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
The following table sets forth the investment assets of the qualified pension plans, which exclude accrued investment income and other receivables, accrued liabilities, and investments with a fair value measured at net asset value per share as a practical expedient, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2016:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2016 |
| | Fair Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
| Cash | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| Common stocks: | | | | | | | |
Domestic(a) | 1,065 |
| | 1,065 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
International(a) | 391 |
| | 391 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Commingled equity funds(b) | 348 |
| | — |
| | 348 |
| | — |
|
Other equity securities(c) | 3 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Corporate debt securities(d) | 394 |
| | — |
| | 394 |
| | — |
|
Commingled bond funds(b) | 273 |
| | — |
| | 273 |
| | — |
|
U.S. Treasury debt securities(a) | 260 |
| | 260 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Collective trust funds(e) | 75 |
| | — |
| | 75 |
| | — |
|
U.S. government agency asset-backed debt securities(f) | 53 |
| | — |
| | 53 |
| | — |
|
Corporate asset-backed debt securities(g) | 2 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
|
Other fixed-income securities(h) | 89 |
| | — |
| | 89 |
| | — |
|
| Total investment assets | 2,955 |
| | $ | 1,721 |
| | $ | 1,234 |
| | $ | — |
|
Accrued investment income and other receivables(i) | 107 |
| | | | | | |
Accrued liabilities(i) | (120 | ) | | | | | | |
Investments measured at net asset value (j) | 4 |
| | | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets | $ | 2,946 |
| | | | | | |
| |
(a) | Common stocks, mutual funds and U.S. Treasury debt securities are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. No single industry comprised a significant portion of common stock held by the qualified pension plan as of December 31, 2016. |
| |
(b) | Commingled equity funds and commingled bond funds are valued using the net asset value provided by the administrator of the fund. The net asset value is based on the readily determinable value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, less liabilities, and then divided by the number of units outstanding. |
| |
(c) | Other equity securities consist of preferred stocks, which are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. |
| |
(d) | Corporate debt securities are valued based on observable prices from the new issue market, benchmark quotes, secondary trading and dealer quotes. An option adjusted spread model is incorporated to adjust spreads of issues that have early redemption features and final spreads are added to the U.S. Treasury curve. |
| |
(e) | Collective trust funds primarily consist of short-term investment strategies comprised of instruments issued or fully guaranteed by the U.S. government and/or its agencies and are valued using the net asset value provided by the administrator of the fund. The net asset value is based on the readily determinable value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, less liabilities, and then divided by the number of units outstanding. |
| |
(f) | U.S. government agency asset-backed debt securities consist of pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage Association valued using available trade information, dealer quotes, market indices and research reports, spreads, bids and offers. |
| |
(g) | Corporate asset-backed debt securities primarily consist of pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. and foreign corporations valued using available trade information, dealer quotes, market indices and research reports, spreads, bids and offers. |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| |
(h) | Other fixed-income securities consist of foreign government debt securities, municipal bonds and U.S. government agency debt securities, which are valued based on observable prices from the new issue market, benchmark quotes, secondary trading and dealer quotes. An option adjusted spread model is incorporated to adjust spreads of issues that have early redemption features and final spreads are added to the U.S. Treasury curve. |
| |
(i) | Accrued investment income and other receivables includes amounts receivable under foreign exchange contracts of $70 million as of December 31, 2016. Accrued liabilities includes amounts accrued under foreign exchange contracts of $71 million as of December 31, 2016. The fair value of the assets and liabilities associated with these foreign exchange contracts are presented on a gross basis and are valued using the exchange rates in effect for the applicable currencies as of the valuation date (a Level 1 fair value measurement). |
| |
(j) | Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. These investments primarily consist of hedge funds valued utilizing net asset value provided by the administrator of the fund, which is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, less liabilities, and then divided by the number of units outstanding. Shares of the fund are not redeemable and the underlying assets are anticipated to be liquidated and distributed to investors in the near term. There are no material unfunded commitments with respect to these investments. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit the reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total fair value of plan assets discussed throughout this footnote. |
Pension Plan Contributions
The Company made no cash contributions to the qualified pension plans during the year ended December 31, 2016; however, the Company may make discretionary cash contributions to the qualified pension plans in the future. Such contributions will be dependent on a variety of factors, including current and expected interest rates, asset performance, the funded status of the qualified pension plans and management’s judgment. For the nonqualified unfunded pension plan, the Company will continue to make contributions during 2017 to the extent benefits are paid.
Benefit Planpayments for the pension plans are expected to be $170 million in 2017, $174 million in 2018, $177 million in 2019, $180 million in 2020, $182 million in 2021 and $911 million in 2022 to 2026.
Multiemployer Plans
Upon completion of the TWC Transaction, Charter assumed Legacy TWC’s multiemployer plans. The Company contributes to a number of multiemployer plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. Such multiemployer plans provide medical, pension and retirement savings benefits to active employees and retirees. The Company made contributions to multiemployer plans of $31 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The risks of participating in multiemployer pension plans are different from single-employer pension plans in the following aspects: (a) assets contributed to a multiemployer pension plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, (b) if a participating employer stops contributing to the multiemployer pension plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers and (c) if the Company chooses to stop participating in any of the multiemployer pension plans, it may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.
The multiemployer pension plans to which the Company contributes each received a Pension Protection Act “green” zone status in 2015. The zone status is based on the most recent information the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan’s actuary. Among other factors, plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded.
Defined Contribution Benefit Plans
The Company’s employees may participate in the Charter Communications, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”). Upon completion of the TWC Transaction, Charter assumed Legacy TWC’s defined contribution plan, the TWC Savings Plan. In June 2016, the Company announced changes to both the 401(k) Plan and the TWC Savings Plan that were effective September 1, 2016 and effective January 1, 2017, the 401(k) Plan and TWC Savings Plan merged into one plan. Employees that qualify for participation can contribute up to 50% of their salary, on a pre-tax basis, subject to a maximum contribution limit as determined by the Internal Revenue Service. Each payroll period, the Company will contribute to the 401(k) Plan the total amount of the salary reduction the employee elects to defer between 1% and 50%. The Company’s matching contribution is discretionary and is equal to 50%100% of the amount of the salary reduction the participant elects to defer (up to 6% of the participant’s eligible compensation), excluding any catch-up contributions and is
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
paid by the Company on a per pay period basis. The Company made contributions to the 401(k) planplans totaling $16147 million, $823 million and $619 million for the years ended December 31, 20132016, 20122015 and 2011,2014, respectively.
For employees who are not eligible to participate in the Company’s long-term incentive plan and who are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement, the Company offers a contribution to the new Retirement Accumulation Plan ("RAP"), equal to 3% of eligible pay. The Company made contributions to the RAP totaling $48 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.
20.22. Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2013,May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Emerging Issues Task Force reachedBoard (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which is a final consensus on Issue 13-C, Presentation ofcomprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The new standard provides a single principles-based, five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers, which steps are to (1) identify the contract(s) with the customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. More specifically, revenue will be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to the customer in an Unrecognized Tax Benefit when a Net Operating Lossamount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or Tax Credit Carryforward Exists ("Issue 13-C"). Issue 13-C states that entities should presentservices. ASU 2014-09 will be effective, reflecting the unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of the deferred tax assetone-year deferral, for a net operating loss or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward rather than as a liability when the uncertain tax position would reduce the net operating loss or other carryforward under the tax law. Issue 13-C requires prospective application (including accounting for uncertain tax positions that exist upon date of adoption) with optional retrospective applicationinterim and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2013,2017 (January 1, 2018 for the Company). Early adoption of the standard is permitted but not before the original effective date. Companies can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating which method of transition will be utilized. The Company is continuing to assess all potential impacts that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements, including developing new accounting policies, internal controls and processes to facilitate the adoption of the standard. The most significant impacts upon adoption are anticipated to result from the deferral over a period of time instead of recognized immediately of (1) the residential installation revenues which represent nonrefundable up-front fees that convey a material right to the customer and (2) the internal and external commission expenses which represent costs of obtaining a contract.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement (“ASU 2015-05”), which provides guidance in determining whether fees for purchasing cloud computing services (or hosted software solutions) are considered internal-use software or should be considered a service contract. The cloud computing agreement that includes a software license should be accounted for in the same manner as internal-use software if customer has contractual right to take possession of the software during the hosting period without significant penalty and it is feasible to either run the software on customer’s hardware or contract with earlyanother vendor to host the software. Arrangements that don’t meet the requirements for internal-use software should be accounted for as a service contract. ASU 2015-05 was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 (January 1, 2016 for the Company). The adoption of ASU 2015-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. Lessees are allowed to account for short-term leases (i.e., leases with a term of 12 months or less) off-balance sheet, consistent with current operating lease accounting. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition through a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements including identifying the population of leases, evaluating technology solutions and collecting lease data.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which includes multiple provisions intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based payments. The new standard (1) requires all excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement in the period in which they occur regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period, (2) requires classification of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statements of cash flows, (3) allows an entity to make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur and (4) causes the threshold under which employee share-based awards partially settled in cash can
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
qualify for equity classification to increase to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdiction. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for interim and annual periods after December 15, 2016 (January 1, 2017 for the Company). The new standard generally requires a modified retrospective transition through a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the period of adoption, with certain provisions requiring either a prospective or retrospective transition. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company will recognize excess tax benefits of approximately $136 million in deferred tax assets that were previously not recognized in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company will prospectively record a deferred tax benefit or expense associated with the difference between book and tax for stock compensation expense. On January 1, 2017, the Company will also establish an accounting policy election to assume zero forfeitures for stock award grants and account for forfeitures when they occur which will prospectively impact stock compensation expense. Other aspects of adoption ASU 2016-09 are not anticipated to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which clarifies how entities should classify cash receipts and cash payments related to eight specific cash flow matters on the statement of cash flows, with the objective of reducing existing diversity in practice. ASU 2016-15 will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted Issue 13-Cis currently in the second quarterprocess of 2013 and applied it retrospectively. Theevaluating the impact that the adoption of Issue 13-C decreased prepaid expenses and other current assets by $3 million and other long-term liabilities by $202 million and increased deferred income taxes by $199 million as of December 31, 2012.ASU 2016-15 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
21.23. Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data
The following table presents quarterly data for the periods presented onin the consolidated statement of operations:
| | | | | Year Ended December 31, 2013 | Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
| | | First Quarter | | Second Quarter | | Third Quarter | | Fourth Quarter | First Quarter | | Second Quarter | | Third Quarter | | Fourth Quarter |
| Revenues | | $ | 1,917 |
| | $ | 1,972 |
| | $ | 2,118 |
| | $ | 2,148 |
| $ | 2,530 |
| | $ | 6,161 |
| | $ | 10,037 |
| | $ | 10,275 |
|
| Income from operations | | $ | 223 |
| | $ | 236 |
| | $ | 220 |
| | $ | 246 |
| $ | 302 |
| | $ | 690 |
| | $ | 924 |
| | $ | 1,439 |
|
| Net income (loss) | | $ | (42 | ) | | $ | (96 | ) | | $ | (70 | ) | | $ | 39 |
| |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | | $ | (188 | ) | | $ | 3,067 |
| | $ | 189 |
| | $ | 454 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income (loss) per common share: | | | | | | | | | |
| Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Charter shareholders: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | $ | (0.42 | ) | | $ | (0.96 | ) | | $ | (0.68 | ) | | $ | 0.38 |
| $ | (1.86 | ) | | $ | 16.73 |
| | $ | 0.70 |
| | $ | 1.69 |
|
| Diluted | | $ | (0.42 | ) | | $ | (0.96 | ) | | $ | (0.68 | ) | | 0.35 |
| $ | (1.86 | ) | | $ | 15.17 |
| | $ | 0.69 |
| | $ | 1.67 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common share outstanding: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | 100,327,418 |
| | 100,600,678 |
| | 102,924,443 |
| | 103,836,535 |
| 101,552,093 |
| | 183,362,776 |
| | 271,263,259 |
| | 268,584,368 |
|
| Diluted | | 100,327,418 |
| | 100,600,678 |
| | 102,924,443 |
| | 111,415,982 |
| 101,552,093 |
| | 205,214,266 |
| | 275,373,202 |
| | 272,624,270 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
| | | First Quarter | | Second Quarter | | Third Quarter | | Fourth Quarter |
| Revenues | | $ | 1,827 |
| | $ | 1,884 |
| | $ | 1,880 |
| | $ | 1,913 |
|
| Income from operations | | $ | 230 |
| | $ | 269 |
| | $ | 211 |
| | $ | 206 |
|
| Net loss | | $ | (94 | ) | | $ | (83 | ) | | $ | (87 | ) | | $ | (40 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Loss per common share: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic and diluted | | $ | (0.95 | ) | | $ | (0.84 | ) | | $ | (0.87 | ) | | $ | (0.41 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | |
| Basic and diluted | | 99,432,960 |
| | 99,496,755 |
| | 99,694,672 |
| | 100,003,344 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
| | First Quarter | | Second Quarter | | Third Quarter | | Fourth Quarter |
| Revenues | $ | 2,362 |
| | $ | 2,430 |
| | $ | 2,450 |
| | $ | 2,512 |
|
| Income from operations | $ | 249 |
| | $ | 269 |
| | $ | 273 |
| | $ | 323 |
|
| Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders | $ | (81 | ) | | $ | (122 | ) | | $ | 54 |
| | $ | (122 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Charter shareholders: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | (0.81 | ) | | $ | (1.21 | ) | | $ | 0.54 |
| | $ | (1.21 | ) |
| Diluted | $ | (0.81 | ) | | $ | (1.21 | ) | | $ | 0.53 |
| | $ | (1.21 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| Weighted average common share outstanding: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 100,959,008 |
| | 101,074,644 |
| | 101,205,400 |
| | 101,366,476 |
|
| Diluted | 100,959,008 |
| | 101,074,644 |
| | 102,481,924 |
| | 101,366,476 |
|
22.24. Consolidating Schedules
TheEach of Charter Operating, TWC, LLC, TWCE, CCO Holdings notes and the CCO Holdings credit facility are obligations of CCO Holdings. However, the CCO Holdings notes are alsocertain subsidiaries jointly, severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteedguarantee the outstanding debt securities of the others (other than the CCO Holdings notes) on an unsecured senior basis by Charter.
The accompanyingand the condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared and presented pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10, Financial Statements of Guarantors and Affiliates WhoseIssuers of Guaranteed Securities Collateralize an Issue Registered or Being Registered. Certain Charter Operating subsidiaries that are regulated telephone entities only become guarantor subsidiaries upon approval by regulators. This information is not intended to present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the individual companies or groups of companies in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The “Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries” column is presented to comply with the terms of the Credit Agreement.
The “Safari Escrow Entities” column included in the condensed consolidating financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 consists of CCOH Safari, CCO Safari II and CCO Safari III. CCOH Safari, CCO Safari II and CCO Safari III issued the CCOH Safari notes, CCO Safari II notes and the CCO Safari III credit facilities, respectively. Upon closing of the TWC Transaction, the CCOH Safari notes became obligations of CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital and the CCO Safari II notes and CCO Safari III credit facilities became obligations of Charter Operating and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. CCOH Safari merged into CCO Holdings and CCO Safari II and CCO Safari III merged into Charter Operating.
The “Unrestricted Subsidiary” column included in the condensed consolidating financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 consists of CCO Safari which was a non-recourse subsidiary under the Credit Agreement and held the CCO Safari Term G Loans that were repaid in April 2015.
Condensed consolidating financial statements as of December 31, 20132016 and 20122015 and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 and 20112014 follow.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet | | As of December 31, 2013 | |
| As of December 31, 2016 | | As of December 31, 2016 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CURRENT ASSETS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 21 |
| $ | 57 |
| | $ | 154 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,324 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,535 |
|
| Accounts receivable, net | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 226 |
| | — |
| | 234 |
| 34 |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | 1,387 |
| | — |
| | 1,432 |
|
| Receivables from related party | 54 |
| | 170 |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | (235 | ) | | — |
| 170 |
| | 451 |
| | 62 |
| | — |
| | (683 | ) | | — |
|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 14 |
| | 10 |
| | — |
| | 43 |
| | — |
| | 67 |
| — |
| | 33 |
| | — |
| | 300 |
| | — |
| | 333 |
|
| Total current assets | 72 |
| | 189 |
| | 11 |
| | 285 |
| | (235 | ) | | 322 |
| 261 |
| | 649 |
| | 62 |
| | 3,011 |
| | (683 | ) | | 3,300 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | | | | | | | | | | | INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | — |
| | 30 |
| | — |
| | 7,951 |
| | — |
| | 7,981 |
| — |
| | 245 |
| | — |
| | 32,718 |
| | — |
| | 32,963 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 14,608 |
| | — |
| | 14,608 |
|
| Franchises | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6,009 |
| | — |
| | 6,009 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 67,316 |
| | — |
| | 67,316 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,389 |
| | — |
| | 1,389 |
| |
| Goodwill | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,177 |
| | — |
| | 1,177 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 29,509 |
| | — |
| | 29,509 |
|
| Total investment in cable properties, net | — |
| | 30 |
| | — |
| | 16,526 |
| | — |
| | 16,556 |
| — |
| | 245 |
| | — |
| | 144,151 |
| | — |
| | 144,396 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CC VIII PREFERRED INTEREST | — |
| | 392 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (392 | ) | | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES | 1,295 |
| | 325 |
| | 10,592 |
| | — |
| | (12,212 | ) | | — |
| 66,692 |
| | 75,838 |
| | 88,760 |
| | — |
| | (231,290 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LOANS RECEIVABLE – RELATED PARTY | — |
| | 318 |
| | 461 |
| | — |
| | (779 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | 640 |
| | 494 |
| | — |
| | (1,134 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS | — |
| | 160 |
| | 119 |
| | 138 |
| | — |
| | 417 |
| — |
| | 214 |
| | — |
| | 1,157 |
| | — |
| | 1,371 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 1,367 |
| | $ | 1,414 |
| | $ | 11,183 |
| | $ | 16,949 |
| | $ | (13,618 | ) | | $ | 17,295 |
| $ | 66,953 |
| | $ | 77,586 |
| | $ | 89,316 |
| | $ | 148,319 |
| | $ | (233,107 | ) | | $ | 149,067 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 113 |
| | $ | 187 |
| | $ | 1,155 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,467 |
| $ | 22 |
| | $ | 625 |
| | $ | 219 |
| | $ | 6,678 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,544 |
|
| Payables to related party | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 235 |
| | (235 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 683 |
| | (683 | ) | | — |
|
| Current portion of long-term debt | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,028 |
| | — |
| | 2,028 |
|
| Total current liabilities | 12 |
| | 113 |
| | 187 |
| | 1,390 |
| | (235 | ) | | 1,467 |
| 22 |
| | 625 |
| | 219 |
| | 9,389 |
| | (683 | ) | | 9,572 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LONG-TERM DEBT | — |
| | — |
| | 10,671 |
| | 3,510 |
| | — |
| | 14,181 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 13,259 |
| | 46,460 |
| | — |
| | 59,719 |
|
| LOANS PAYABLE – RELATED PARTY | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 779 |
| | (779 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,134 |
| | (1,134 | ) | | — |
|
| DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 1,204 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 227 |
| | — |
| | 1,431 |
| 26,637 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 25 |
| | — |
| | 26,665 |
|
| OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 59 |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| 155 |
| | 64 |
| | — |
| | 2,526 |
| | — |
| | 2,745 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shareholders’/Member’s equity | 151 |
| | 1,295 |
| | 325 |
| | 10,592 |
| | (12,212 | ) | | 151 |
| |
| Non-controlling interest | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 392 |
| | (392 | ) | | — |
| |
| SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Controlling interest | | 40,139 |
| | 66,692 |
| | 75,838 |
| | 88,760 |
| | (231,290 | ) | | 40,139 |
|
| Noncontrolling interests | | — |
| | 10,202 |
| | — |
| | 25 |
| | — |
| | 10,227 |
|
| Total shareholders’/member’s equity | 151 |
| | 1,295 |
| | 325 |
| | 10,984 |
| | (12,604 | ) | | 151 |
| 40,139 |
| | 76,894 |
| | 75,838 |
| | 88,785 |
| | (231,290 | ) | | 50,366 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’/member’s equity | $ | 1,367 |
| | $ | 1,414 |
| | $ | 11,183 |
| | $ | 16,949 |
| | $ | (13,618 | ) | | $ | 17,295 |
| $ | 66,953 |
| | $ | 77,586 |
| | $ | 89,316 |
| | $ | 148,319 |
| | $ | (233,107 | ) | | $ | 149,067 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet | | As of December 31, 2012 | |
| As of December 31, 2015 | | As of December 31, 2015 |
| | | |
| | | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CURRENT ASSETS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7 |
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
|
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 27 |
| | — |
| | 27 |
| |
| Accounts receivable, net | 1 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 230 |
| | — |
| | 234 |
| 8 |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 264 |
| | — |
| | 279 |
|
| Receivables from related party | 59 |
| | 176 |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | (246 | ) | | — |
| 51 |
| | 297 |
| | — |
| | 14 |
| | — |
| | (362 | ) | | — |
|
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 16 |
| | 8 |
| | — |
| | 38 |
| | — |
| | 62 |
| — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 55 |
| | — |
| | 61 |
|
| Total current assets | 77 |
| | 187 |
| | 11 |
| | 301 |
| | (246 | ) | | 330 |
| 59 |
| | 310 |
| | — |
| | 14 |
| | 324 |
| | (362 | ) | | 345 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | — |
| | — |
| | 22,264 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 22,264 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | | | | | | | | | | | INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | — |
| | 32 |
| | — |
| | 7,174 |
| | — |
| | 7,206 |
| — |
| | 28 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 8,317 |
| | — |
| | 8,345 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 856 |
| | — |
| | 856 |
|
| Franchises | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,287 |
| | — |
| | 5,287 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6,006 |
| | — |
| | 6,006 |
|
| Customer relationships, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,424 |
| | — |
| | 1,424 |
| |
| Goodwill | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 953 |
| | — |
| | 953 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,168 |
| | — |
| | 1,168 |
|
| Total investment in cable properties, net | — |
| | 32 |
| | — |
| | 14,838 |
| | — |
| | 14,870 |
| — |
| | 28 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 16,347 |
| | — |
| | 16,375 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CC VIII PREFERRED INTEREST | 104 |
| | 242 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (346 | ) | | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES | 1,081 |
| | 269 |
| | 9,485 |
| | — |
| | (10,835 | ) | | — |
| 1,468 |
| | 816 |
| | — |
| | 11,303 |
| | — |
| | (13,587 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LOANS RECEIVABLE – RELATED PARTY | — |
| | 309 |
| | 359 |
| | — |
| | (668 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | 333 |
| | — |
| | 613 |
| | 563 |
| | (1,509 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS | — |
| | 163 |
| | 118 |
| | 115 |
| | — |
| | 396 |
| — |
| | 216 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 116 |
| | — |
| | 332 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | $ | 1,262 |
| | $ | 1,202 |
| | $ | 9,973 |
| | $ | 15,254 |
| | $ | (12,095 | ) | | $ | 15,596 |
| $ | 1,527 |
| | $ | 1,703 |
| | $ | 22,264 |
| | $ | 11,930 |
| | $ | 17,350 |
| | $ | (15,458 | ) | | $ | 39,316 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY (DEFICIT) | | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY (DEFICIT) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 121 |
| | $ | 146 |
| | $ | 945 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,224 |
| $ | 11 |
| | $ | 203 |
| | $ | 282 |
| | $ | 165 |
| | $ | 1,311 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,972 |
|
| Payables to related party | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 246 |
| | (246 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | 17 |
| | — |
| | 345 |
| | (362 | ) | | — |
|
| Total current liabilities | 12 |
| | 121 |
| | 146 |
| | 1,191 |
| | (246 | ) | | 1,224 |
| 11 |
| | 203 |
| | 299 |
| | 165 |
| | 1,656 |
| | (362 | ) | | 1,972 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| LONG-TERM DEBT | — |
| | — |
| | 9,558 |
| | 3,250 |
| | — |
| | 12,808 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 21,778 |
| | 10,443 |
| | 3,502 |
| | — |
| | 35,723 |
|
| LOANS PAYABLE – RELATED PARTY | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 668 |
| | (668 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | 693 |
| | — |
| | 816 |
| | (1,509 | ) | | — |
|
| DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 1,101 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 220 |
| | — |
| | 1,321 |
| 1,562 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 28 |
| | — |
| | 1,590 |
|
| OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 94 |
| | — |
| | 94 |
| — |
| | 32 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 45 |
| | — |
| | 77 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shareholders’/Member’s equity | 149 |
| | 1,081 |
| | 269 |
| | 9,485 |
| | (10,835 | ) | | 149 |
| |
| Non-controlling interest | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 346 |
| | (346 | ) | | — |
| |
| Total shareholders’/member’s equity | 149 |
| | 1,081 |
| | 269 |
| | 9,831 |
| | (11,181 | ) | | 149 |
| |
| SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBER’S EQUITY (DEFICIT) | | (46 | ) | | 1,468 |
| | (506 | ) | | 1,322 |
| | 11,303 |
| | (13,587 | ) | | (46 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’/member’s equity | $ | 1,262 |
| | $ | 1,202 |
| | $ | 9,973 |
| | $ | 15,254 |
| | $ | (12,095 | ) | | $ | 15,596 |
| |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’/member’s equity (deficit) | | $ | 1,527 |
| | $ | 1,703 |
| | $ | 22,264 |
| | $ | 11,930 |
| | $ | 17,350 |
| | $ | (15,458 | ) | | $ | 39,316 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations | | For the year ended December 31, 2013 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2016 | | For the year ended December 31, 2016 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| REVENUES | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 188 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 8,155 |
| | $ | (210 | ) | | $ | 8,155 |
| $ | 251 |
| | $ | 1,004 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 29,003 |
| | $ | (1,255 | ) | | $ | 29,003 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| COSTS AND EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating costs and expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 22 |
| | 188 |
| | — |
| | 5,345 |
| | (210 | ) | | 5,345 |
| |
| Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below) | | 251 |
| | 989 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 18,670 |
| | (1,255 | ) | | 18,655 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,854 |
| | — |
| | 1,854 |
| — |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6,902 |
| | — |
| | 6,907 |
|
| Other operating expenses, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 31 |
| | — |
| | 31 |
| |
| Other operating (income) expenses, net | | 262 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (177 | ) | | — |
| | 86 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 513 |
| | 995 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 25,395 |
| | (1,255 | ) | | 25,648 |
|
| Income (loss) from operations | | (262 | ) | | 9 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3,608 |
| | — |
| | 3,355 |
|
| | 22 |
| | 188 |
| | — |
| | 7,230 |
| | (210 | ) | | 7,230 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income from operations | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 925 |
| | — |
| | 925 |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER INCOME AND (EXPENSES): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | — |
| | 8 |
| | (681 | ) | | (173 | ) | | — |
| | (846 | ) | |
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest income (expense), net | | — |
| | 14 |
| | (390 | ) | | (727 | ) | | (1,396 | ) | | — |
| | (2,499 | ) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | — |
| | (65 | ) | | (58 | ) | | — |
| | (123 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (110 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (111 | ) |
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| |
| Gain on financial instruments, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 89 |
| | — |
| | 89 |
|
| Other expense, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (16 | ) | | — |
| | (16 | ) | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (14 | ) |
| Equity in income (loss) of subsidiaries | (75 | ) | | (114 | ) | | 632 |
| | — |
| | (443 | ) | | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity in income of subsidiaries | | 851 |
| | 1,066 |
| | — |
| | 2,293 |
| | — |
| | (4,210 | ) | | — |
|
| | (75 | ) | | (106 | ) | | (114 | ) | | (236 | ) | | (443 | ) | | (974 | ) | 851 |
| | 1,069 |
| | (390 | ) | | 1,456 |
| | (1,311 | ) | | (4,210 | ) | | (2,535 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (75 | ) | | (106 | ) | | (114 | ) | | 689 |
| | (443 | ) | | (49 | ) | 589 |
| | 1,078 |
| | (390 | ) | | 1,456 |
| | 2,297 |
| | (4,210 | ) | | 820 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME TAX EXPENSE | (108 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | (120 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE) | | 2,933 |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | 2,925 |
|
| Consolidated net income (loss) | (183 | ) | | (107 | ) | | (114 | ) | | 678 |
| | (443 | ) | | (169 | ) | 3,522 |
| | 1,073 |
| | (390 | ) | | 1,456 |
| | 2,294 |
| | (4,210 | ) | | 3,745 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net (income) loss – non-controlling interest | 14 |
| | 32 |
| | — |
| | (46 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net income – noncontrolling interests | | — |
| | (222 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (223 | ) |
| Net income (loss) | $ | (169 | ) | | $ | (75 | ) | | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 632 |
| | $ | (443 | ) | | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | 851 |
| | $ | (390 | ) | | $ | 1,456 |
| | $ | 2,293 |
| | $ | (4,210 | ) | | $ | 3,522 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations | | For the year ended December 31, 2012 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2015 | | For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| REVENUES | $ | 24 |
| | $ | 159 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,504 |
| | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | 7,504 |
| $ | 25 |
| | $ | 299 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 9,754 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (324 | ) | | $ | 9,754 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| COSTS AND EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating costs and expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 24 |
| | 159 |
| | — |
| | 4,860 |
| | (183 | ) | | 4,860 |
| |
| Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below) | | 25 |
| | 299 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6,426 |
| | — |
| | (324 | ) | | 6,426 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,713 |
| | — |
| | 1,713 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,125 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,125 |
|
| Other operating expenses, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 89 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 89 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 25 |
| | 299 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 8,640 |
| | — |
| | (324 | ) | | 8,640 |
|
| | 24 |
| | 159 |
| | — |
| | 6,588 |
| | (183 | ) | | 6,588 |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income from operations | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 916 |
| | — |
| | 916 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,114 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,114 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER INCOME AND (EXPENSES): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | — |
| | (103 | ) | | (541 | ) | | (263 | ) | | — |
| | (907 | ) | |
| Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | 46 |
| | — |
| | (101 | ) | | — |
| | (55 | ) | |
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest income (expense), net | | — |
| | 8 |
| | (474 | ) | | (642 | ) | | (151 | ) | | (47 | ) | | — |
| | (1,306 | ) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | (123 | ) | | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (128 | ) |
| Loss on financial instruments, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) |
| Other expense, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (1 | ) | — |
| | (7 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (7 | ) |
| Equity in income (loss) of subsidiaries | (63 | ) | | (35 | ) | | 506 |
| | — |
| | (408 | ) | | — |
| (121 | ) | | (168 | ) | | — |
| | 1,073 |
| | (50 | ) | | — |
| | (734 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (121 | ) | | (167 | ) | | (476 | ) | | 308 |
| | (205 | ) | | (50 | ) | | (734 | ) | | (1,445 | ) |
| | (63 | ) | | (92 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (365 | ) | | (408 | ) | | (963 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (63 | ) | | (92 | ) | | (35 | ) | | 551 |
| | (408 | ) | | (47 | ) | (121 | ) | | (167 | ) | | (476 | ) | | 308 |
| | 909 |
| | (50 | ) | | (734 | ) | | (331 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME TAX EXPENSE | (254 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (257 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE) | | (150 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 210 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 60 |
|
| Consolidated net income (loss) | (317 | ) | | (92 | ) | | (35 | ) | | 548 |
| | (408 | ) | | (304 | ) | (271 | ) | | (167 | ) | | (476 | ) | | 308 |
| | 1,119 |
| | (50 | ) | | (734 | ) | | (271 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net (income) loss – non-controlling interest | 13 |
| | 29 |
| | — |
| | (42 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net (income) loss – noncontrolling interest | | — |
| | 46 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (46 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Net income (loss) | $ | (304 | ) | | $ | (63 | ) | | $ | (35 | ) | | $ | 506 |
| | $ | (408 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (121 | ) | | $ | (476 | ) | | $ | 308 |
| | $ | 1,073 |
| | $ | (50 | ) | | $ | (734 | ) | | $ | (271 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations | | For the year ended December 31, 2011 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2014 | | For the year ended December 31, 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| REVENUES | $ | 33 |
| | $ | 124 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,204 |
| | $ | (157 | ) | | $ | 7,204 |
| $ | 22 |
| | $ | 235 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 9,108 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (257 | ) | | $ | 9,108 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| COSTS AND EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating costs and expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 33 |
| | 124 |
| | — |
| | 4,564 |
| | (157 | ) | | 4,564 |
| |
| Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below) | | 22 |
| | 235 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,973 |
| | — |
| | (257 | ) | | 5,973 |
|
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,592 |
| | — |
| | 1,592 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,102 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,102 |
|
| Other operating expenses, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 62 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 62 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 33 |
| | 124 |
| | — |
| | 6,163 |
| | (157 | ) | | 6,163 |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 22 |
| | 235 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 8,137 |
| | — |
| | (257 | ) | | 8,137 |
|
| Income from operations | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,041 |
| | — |
| | 1,041 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 971 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 971 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTHER INCOME AND (EXPENSES): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense, net | — |
| | (191 | ) | | (381 | ) | | (391 | ) | | — |
| | (963 | ) | |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | (6 | ) | | — |
| | (137 | ) | | — |
| | (143 | ) | |
| Other expense, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | (5 | ) | |
| Interest income (expense), net | | — |
| | 8 |
| | (30 | ) | | (679 | ) | | (165 | ) | | (45 | ) | | — |
| | (911 | ) |
| Loss on financial instruments, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (7 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (7 | ) |
| Equity in income (loss) of subsidiaries | (87 | ) | | 82 |
| | 463 |
| | — |
| | (458 | ) | | — |
| 40 |
| | (12 | ) | | — |
| | 697 |
| | (45 | ) | | — |
| | (680 | ) | | — |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 40 |
| | (4 | ) | | (30 | ) | | 18 |
| | (217 | ) | | (45 | ) | | (680 | ) | | (918 | ) |
| | (87 | ) | | (115 | ) | | 82 |
| | (533 | ) | | (458 | ) | | (1,111 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (87 | ) | | (115 | ) | | 82 |
| | 508 |
| | (458 | ) | | (70 | ) | 40 |
| | (4 | ) | | (30 | ) | | 18 |
| | 754 |
| | (45 | ) | | (680 | ) | | 53 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME TAX EXPENSE | (295 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (299 | ) | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (13 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (236 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | (382 | ) | | (116 | ) | | 82 |
| | 505 |
| | (458 | ) | | (369 | ) | (183 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (30 | ) | | 18 |
| | 741 |
| | (45 | ) | | (680 | ) | | (183 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net (income) loss – non-controlling interest | 13 |
| | 29 |
| | — |
| | (42 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: Net (income) loss – noncontrolling interest | | — |
| | 44 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (44 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Net income (loss) | $ | (369 | ) | | $ | (87 | ) | | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 463 |
| | $ | (458 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | 40 |
| | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | 18 |
| | $ | 697 |
| | $ | (45 | ) | | $ | (680 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | For the year ended December 31, 2013 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2016 | | For the year ended December 31, 2016 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 678 |
| | $ | (443 | ) | | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | 1,073 |
| | $ | (390 | ) | | $ | 1,456 |
| | $ | 2,294 |
| | $ | (4,210 | ) | | $ | 3,745 |
|
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments | | 8 |
| | 8 |
| | 8 |
| | 8 |
| | 8 |
| | (32 | ) | | 8 |
|
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | 8 |
| | (2 | ) |
| Consolidated comprehensive income (loss) | | 3,528 |
| | 1,079 |
| | (384 | ) | | 1,462 |
| | 2,300 |
| | (4,234 | ) | | 3,751 |
|
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | | — |
| | (222 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (223 | ) |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 712 |
| | $ | (443 | ) | | $ | (135 | ) | $ | 3,528 |
| | $ | 857 |
| | $ | (384 | ) | | $ | 1,462 |
| | $ | 2,299 |
| | $ | (4,234 | ) | | $ | 3,528 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Charter Communications, Inc. |
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (271 | ) | | $ | (167 | ) | | $ | (476 | ) | | $ | 308 |
| | $ | 1,119 |
| | $ | (50 | ) | | $ | (734 | ) | | $ | (271 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | (36 | ) | | 9 |
|
| Consolidated comprehensive income (loss) | (262 | ) | | (158 | ) | | (467 | ) | | 317 |
| | 1,128 |
| | (50 | ) | | (770 | ) | | (262 | ) |
| Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |
| | 46 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (46 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (262 | ) | | $ | (112 | ) | | $ | (467 | ) | | $ | 317 |
| | $ | 1,082 |
| | $ | (50 | ) | | $ | (770 | ) | | $ | (262 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Charter Communications, Inc. |
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| For the year ended December 31, 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | 18 |
| | $ | 741 |
| | $ | (45 | ) | | $ | (680 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments | 19 |
| | 19 |
| | 19 |
| | 19 |
| | 19 |
| | — |
| | (76 | ) | | 19 |
|
| Consolidated comprehensive income (loss) | (164 | ) | | 15 |
| | (11 | ) | | 37 |
| | 760 |
| | (45 | ) | | (756 | ) | | (164 | ) |
| Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |
| | 44 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (44 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (164 | ) | | $ | 59 |
| | $ | (11 | ) | | $ | 37 |
| | $ | 716 |
| | $ | (45 | ) | | $ | (756 | ) | | $ | (164 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Charter Communications, Inc. |
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (317 | ) | | $ | (92 | ) | | $ | (35 | ) | | $ | 548 |
| | $ | (408 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (10 | ) | | — |
| | (10 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (317 | ) | | $ | (92 | ) | | $ | (35 | ) | | $ | 538 |
| | $ | (408 | ) | | $ | (314 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Charter Communications, Inc. |
| Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| For the year ended December 31, 2011 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (382 | ) | | $ | (116 | ) | | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 505 |
| | $ | (458 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) |
| Net impact of interest rate derivative instruments, net of tax | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (8 | ) | | — |
| | (8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (382 | ) | | $ | (116 | ) | | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 497 |
| | $ | (458 | ) | | $ | (377 | ) |
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | | For the year ended December 31, 2013 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2016 | | For the year ended December 31, 2016 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (107 | ) | | $ | (114 | ) | | $ | 678 |
| | $ | (443 | ) | | $ | (169 | ) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,854 |
| | — |
| | 1,854 |
| |
| Noncash interest expense | — |
| | — |
| | 27 |
| | 16 |
| | — |
| | 43 |
| |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | — |
| | 65 |
| | 58 |
| | — |
| | 123 |
| |
| Gain on derivative instruments, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | (11 | ) | |
| Deferred income taxes | 105 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | 112 |
| |
| Equity in (income) losses of subsidiaries | 75 |
| | 114 |
| | (632 | ) | | — |
| | 443 |
| | — |
| |
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 82 |
| | — |
| | 82 |
| |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | (3 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 14 |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| |
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | — |
| | (3 | ) | | 41 |
| | 76 |
| | — |
| | 114 |
| |
| Receivables from and payables to related party | 5 |
| | (1 | ) | | (10 | ) | | 6 |
| | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | (1 | ) | | 3 |
| | (623 | ) | | 2,779 |
| | — |
| | 2,158 |
| |
| NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | $ | (225 | ) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (463 | ) | | $ | (711 | ) | | $ | 9,476 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 8,041 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,825 | ) | | — |
| | (1,825 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (5,325 | ) | | — |
| | (5,325 | ) |
| Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 76 |
| | — |
| | 76 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 603 |
| | — |
| | 603 |
|
| Purchases of cable systems, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (676 | ) | | — |
| | (676 | ) | (26,781 | ) | | (2,022 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (7 | ) | | — |
| | (28,810 | ) |
| Contribution to subsidiary | (89 | ) | | (534 | ) | | (1,022 | ) | | — |
| | 1,645 |
| | — |
| |
| Distributions from subsidiary | — |
| | 6 |
| | 630 |
| | — |
| | (636 | ) | | — |
| |
| Contribution to subsidiaries | | (1,013 | ) | | (478 | ) | | — |
| | (437 | ) | | — |
| | 1,928 |
| | — |
|
| Distributions from subsidiaries | | 24,552 |
| | 26,899 |
| | — |
| | 5,096 |
| | — |
| | (56,547 | ) | | — |
|
| Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents | | — |
| | — |
| | 22,264 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 22,264 |
|
| Other, net | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | (19 | ) | | — |
| | (18 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (22 | ) | | — |
| | (22 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from investing activities | (89 | ) | | (527 | ) | | (392 | ) | | (2,444 | ) | | 1,009 |
| | (2,443 | ) | (3,242 | ) | | 24,399 |
| | 22,264 |
| | 4,659 |
| | (4,751 | ) | | (54,619 | ) | | (11,290 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings of long-term debt | — |
| | — |
| | 2,000 |
| | 4,782 |
| | — |
| | 6,782 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3,201 |
| | 9,143 |
| | — |
| | 12,344 |
|
| Repayments of long-term debt | — |
| | — |
| | (955 | ) | | (5,565 | ) | | — |
| | (6,520 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2,937 | ) | | (7,584 | ) | | — |
| | (10,521 | ) |
| Borrowings (payments) loans payable - related parties | — |
| | — |
| | (93 | ) | | 93 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| | (300 | ) | | 553 |
| | (71 | ) | | (182 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
| Payment for debt issuance costs | — |
| | — |
| | (25 | ) | | (25 | ) | | — |
| | (50 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (73 | ) | | (211 | ) | | — |
| | (284 | ) |
| Issuance of equity | | 5,000 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5,000 |
|
| Purchase of treasury stock | (15 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (15 | ) | (1,562 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,562 | ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants | 104 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 104 |
| |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | 86 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 86 |
|
| Settlement of restricted stock units | | — |
| | (59 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (59 | ) |
| Purchase of noncontrolling interest | | — |
| | (218 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (218 | ) |
| Distributions to noncontrolling interest | | — |
| | (96 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (96 | ) |
| Proceeds from termination of interest rate derivatives | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 88 |
| | — |
| | 88 |
|
| Contributions from parent | — |
| | 534 |
| | 89 |
| | 1,022 |
| | (1,645 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | 1,013 |
| | — |
| | 478 |
| | 437 |
| | (1,928 | ) | | — |
|
| Distributions to parent | — |
| | (5 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (630 | ) | | 636 |
| | — |
| — |
| | (24,552 | ) | | (22,353 | ) | | (4,546 | ) | | (5,096 | ) | | 56,547 |
| | — |
|
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
| | (2 | ) | — |
| | 3 |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 1 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from financing activities | 89 |
| | 529 |
| | 1,015 |
| | (325 | ) | | (1,009 | ) | | 299 |
| 3,524 |
| | (24,209 | ) | | (21,801 | ) | | (3,948 | ) | | (3,406 | ) | | 54,619 |
| | 4,779 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (1 | ) | | 5 |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| | — |
| | 14 |
| |
| NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | | 57 |
| | 154 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,319 |
| | — |
| | 1,530 |
|
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | 5 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 21 |
| $ | 57 |
| | $ | 154 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,324 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,535 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | | For the year ended December 31, 2012 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2015 | | For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (317 | ) | | $ | (92 | ) | | $ | (35 | ) | | $ | 548 |
| | $ | (408 | ) | | $ | (304 | ) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,713 |
| | — |
| | 1,713 |
| |
| Noncash interest expense | — |
| | (23 | ) | | 18 |
| | 50 |
| | — |
| | 45 |
| |
| (Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | (46 | ) | | — |
| | 101 |
| | — |
| | 55 |
| |
| Deferred income taxes | 252 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
| | 250 |
| |
| Equity in (income) losses of subsidiaries | 63 |
| | 35 |
| | (506 | ) | | — |
| | 408 |
| | — |
| |
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 45 |
| | — |
| | 45 |
| |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | (1 | ) | | 1 |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 2 |
| | 8 |
| | — |
| | (18 | ) | | — |
| | (8 | ) | |
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | — |
| | (87 | ) | | 47 |
| | 86 |
| | — |
| | 46 |
| |
| Receivables from and payables to related party | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (11 | ) | | 13 |
| | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | (2 | ) | | (205 | ) | | (487 | ) | | 2,570 |
| | — |
| | 1,876 |
| |
| NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (192 | ) | | $ | (663 | ) | | $ | 3,275 |
| | $ | (55 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,359 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,745 | ) | | — |
| | (1,745 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,840 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1,840 | ) |
| Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 28 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 28 |
|
| Sales of cable systems, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 19 |
| | — |
| | 19 |
| |
| Contribution to subsidiary | (14 | ) | | (71 | ) | | (2,330 | ) | | — |
| | 2,415 |
| | — |
| |
| Distributions from subsidiary | 12 |
| | 1,891 |
| | 2,014 |
| | — |
| | (3,917 | ) | | — |
| |
| Contribution to subsidiaries | | (20 | ) | | (90 | ) | | — |
| | (46 | ) | | (24 | ) | | — |
| | 180 |
| | — |
|
| Distributions from subsidiaries | | 26 |
| | 376 |
| | — |
| | 715 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,117 | ) | | — |
|
| Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents | | — |
| | — |
| | (18,667 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | 3,514 |
| | — |
| | (15,153 | ) |
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (24 | ) | | — |
| | (24 | ) | — |
| | (55 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (12 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (67 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from investing activities | (2 | ) | | 1,820 |
| | (316 | ) | | (1,737 | ) | | (1,502 | ) | | (1,737 | ) | 6 |
| | 231 |
| | (18,667 | ) | | 669 |
| | (1,848 | ) | | 3,514 |
| | (937 | ) | | (17,032 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings of long-term debt | — |
| | — |
| | 2,984 |
| | 2,846 |
| | — |
| | 5,830 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 21,790 |
| | 2,700 |
| | 1,555 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 26,045 |
|
| Repayments of long-term debt | — |
| | (1,621 | ) | | — |
| | (4,280 | ) | | — |
| | (5,901 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | (3,500 | ) | | (2,598 | ) | | (1,745 | ) | | (3,483 | ) | | — |
| | (11,326 | ) |
| Borrowings (payments) loans payable - related parties | — |
| | — |
| | (314 | ) | | 314 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | 581 |
| | (18 | ) | | (563 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Payment for debt issuance costs | — |
| | — |
| | (39 | ) | | (14 | ) | | — |
| | (53 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | (12 | ) | | (24 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (36 | ) |
| Purchase of treasury stock | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | (38 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (38 | ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants | 15 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| |
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | | 30 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 30 |
|
| Contributions from parent | — |
| | 84 |
| | 1 |
| | 2,330 |
| | (2,415 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | 95 |
| | — |
| | 15 |
| | 46 |
| | 24 |
| | (180 | ) | | — |
|
| Distributions to parent | — |
| | (72 | ) | | (1,831 | ) | | (2,014 | ) | | 3,917 |
| | — |
| — |
| | (321 | ) | | — |
| | (81 | ) | | (715 | ) | | — |
| | 1,117 |
| | — |
|
| Other, net | 1 |
| | (6 | ) | | — |
| | (9 | ) | | — |
| | (14 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from financing activities | 5 |
| | (1,615 | ) | | 801 |
| | (827 | ) | | 1,502 |
| | (134 | ) | (8 | ) | | (226 | ) | | 18,859 |
| | (6 | ) | | (1,422 | ) | | (3,459 | ) | | 937 |
| | 14,675 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 1 |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | 6 |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| (3 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2 |
| 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7 |
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 5 |
|
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2013, 20122016, 2015 AND 20112014
(dollars in millions, except share or per share data or where indicated)
| | Charter Communications, Inc. | Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | | For the year ended December 31, 2011 | |
| For the year ended December 31, 2014 | | For the year ended December 31, 2014 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Subsidiaries | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | Guarantor Subsidiaries | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charter | | Intermediate Holding Companies | | Safari Escrow Entities | | CCO Holdings | | Charter Operating and Restricted Subsidiaries | | Unrestricted Subsidiary | | Eliminations | | Charter Consolidated |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | (382 | ) | | $ | (116 | ) | | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 505 |
| | $ | (458 | ) | | $ | (369 | ) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation and amortization | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,592 |
| | — |
| | 1,592 |
| |
| Noncash interest expense | — |
| | (38 | ) | | 20 |
| | 52 |
| | — |
| | 34 |
| |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 137 |
| | — |
| | 143 |
| |
| Deferred income taxes | 294 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) | | — |
| | 290 |
| |
| Equity in (income) losses of subsidiaries | 87 |
| | (82 | ) | | (463 | ) | | — |
| | 458 |
| | — |
| |
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 33 |
| | — |
| | 33 |
| |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Accounts receivable | — |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | (19 | ) | | — |
| | (24 | ) | |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | 1 |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| |
| Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | 1 |
| | (16 | ) | | 58 |
| | (6 | ) | | — |
| | 37 |
| |
| Receivables from and payables to related party | (1 | ) | | — |
| | (7 | ) | | 8 |
| | — |
| | — |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | — |
| | (252 | ) | | (310 | ) | | 2,299 |
| | — |
| | 1,737 |
| |
| NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | | $ | — |
| | $ | (13 | ) | | $ | (12 | ) | | $ | (665 | ) | | $ | 3,086 |
| | $ | (37 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | 2,359 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,311 | ) | | — |
| | (1,311 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2,221 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (2,221 | ) |
| Change in accrued expenses related to capital expenditures | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 57 |
| | — |
| | 57 |
| — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 33 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 33 |
|
| Purchases of cable systems, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (88 | ) | | — |
| | (88 | ) | |
| Contribution to subsidiary | — |
| | — |
| | (2,837 | ) | | — |
| | 2,837 |
| | — |
| |
| Distributions from subsidiary | 528 |
| | 4,956 |
| | 650 |
| | — |
| | (6,134 | ) | | — |
| |
| Sales of cable systems, net | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 11 |
|
| Contribution to subsidiaries | | (106 | ) | | (600 | ) | | — |
| | (100 | ) | | (71 | ) | | — |
| | 877 |
| | — |
|
| Distributions from subsidiaries | | 5 |
| | 30 |
| | — |
| | 1,132 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,167 | ) | | — |
|
| Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents | | — |
| | — |
| | (3,598 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (3,513 | ) | | — |
| | (7,111 | ) |
| Other, net | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (24 | ) | | — |
| | (24 | ) | — |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (16 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from investing activities | 528 |
| | 4,956 |
| | (2,187 | ) | | (1,366 | ) | | (3,297 | ) | | (1,366 | ) | (101 | ) | | (575 | ) | | (3,598 | ) | | 1,032 |
| | (2,259 | ) | | (3,513 | ) | | (290 | ) | | (9,304 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings of long-term debt | — |
| | — |
| | 3,640 |
| | 1,849 |
| | — |
| | 5,489 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 3,500 |
| | — |
| | 1,823 |
| | 3,483 |
| | — |
| | 8,806 |
|
| Repayments of long-term debt | — |
| | (332 | ) | | — |
| | (4,740 | ) | | — |
| | (5,072 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (350 | ) | | (1,630 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1,980 | ) |
| Borrowings (payments) loans payable - related parties | — |
| | — |
| | 223 |
| | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| — |
| | — |
| | 112 |
| | (112 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
| Payment for debt issuance costs | — |
| | — |
| | (54 | ) | | (8 | ) | | — |
| | (62 | ) | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) | | — |
| | (6 | ) |
| Purchase of treasury stock | (533 | ) | | (200 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (733 | ) | (19 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (19 | ) |
| Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 5 |
| 123 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 123 |
|
| Contributions from parent | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 2,837 |
| | (2,837 | ) | | — |
| — |
| | 606 |
| | — |
| | 100 |
| | 100 |
| | 71 |
| | (877 | ) | | — |
|
| Distributions to parent | — |
| | (4,173 | ) | | (1,311 | ) | | (650 | ) | | 6,134 |
| | — |
| — |
| | (30 | ) | | — |
| | (5 | ) | | (1,132 | ) | | — |
| | 1,167 |
| | — |
|
| Other, net | — |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net cash flows from financing activities | (528 | ) | | (4,707 | ) | | 2,498 |
| | (933 | ) | | 3,297 |
| | (373 | ) | 104 |
| | 583 |
| | 3,610 |
| | (367 | ) | | (843 | ) | | 3,550 |
| | 290 |
| | 6,927 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | — |
| | (3 | ) | | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) | 3 |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (16 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (18 | ) |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | — |
| | 3 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| — |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 16 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 21 |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 2 |
| $ | 3 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 3 |
|
25. Subsequent Events
In January 2017, Charter Operating entered into an amendment to its Credit Agreement decreasing the applicable LIBOR margin on both the term loan E and term loan F to 2.00% and eliminating the LIBOR floor.
In February 2017, CCO Holdings and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. closed on transactions in which they issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due May 1, 2027. The net proceeds will be used to redeem CCO Holdings’ 6.625% senior notes due 2022, pay related fees and expenses and for general corporate purposes.
