SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

ý

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001

or

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 or

o

Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                        to                       

Commission file number 000-31923

 

For the transition period from             to              

Commission file number 000-31923

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware

 

04-3306140(508) 893-8999

 

04-3306140

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

(IRS Employer


Incorporation or Organization)

 

Identification No.)(Registrant’s telephone
number, including area code)

 

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(508) 893-8999

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

84 October Hill Road, Holliston, MA

 

01746

 

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $.01 par value per share

(Title of Class)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

ýYES                                                  o    NO

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

ýYES                                                  o    NO

The aggregate market value of 17,652,35217,798,954 shares of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 22,June 30, 2002 was approximately $158,695,000$99,496,153  based on the last sale price of such stock on such date.

 

Common Stock Outstanding as of March 22, 2002: 26,759,94617, 2003: 30,031,266 shares.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE.

Portions of the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement in connection with the 20022003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 23, 200222, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 



 

PART I

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements that are not statements of historical fact and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  The forward-looking statements are principally, but not exclusively, contained in “Item“Item 1:  Business” and “Item 7:  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”  These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about  our expected research and development spending, the impact of acquisitions on future earnings, the effect of our technology on the drug development process, our intention to strengthen our market position, management’s confidence or expectations, our business strategy, our positioning for revenue and other growth, our ability to reduce the risk of being dependent on a single technology, our ability to avoid competition with major instrument companies, our acquisition strategy (including our ability to accelerate the growth of acquired products through our established brands and distribution channels, our plans and intentions regarding the distribution of our catalog and supplements to our catalog and the availability of attractive acquisition candidates), our expectations regarding future costs of product revenues, the market demand and opportunity for our products, our beliefs regarding our position in comparison to our competitors, our estimates regarding our capital requirements, the timing of future product introductions,or the ability of our patent strategy to protect our current and future products, our expectations in connection with current litigation (including inferences about the finality of the arbitrator’s decision in the Grindle matter and potential appeal of  or other challenge to that decision), and our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts.  In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could, “ “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements.  These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties.  Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.  We discuss many of these risks in detail under the heading “Important Factors That May Affect Future Operating ResultsResults” beginning on page 25.30 of this Annual  Report on Form 10-K.�� You should carefully review all of these factors, as well as other risks described in our public filings, and you should be aware that there may be other factors, including factors of which we are not currently aware, that could cause these differences.  Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report.  We may not update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future, unless we have obligations under the Federal securities laws to update and disclose material developments related to previously disclosed information.

 

Item 1.  Business.

 

Overview

 

We areHarvard Bioscience, a Delaware corporation, is a global providerdeveloper, manufacturer and marketer of innovative, research enabling tools that solve problems in drug discovery. We provide a broad arrayrange of tools designedspecialized products, primarily scientific instruments, used to accelerate the speeddrug discovery research at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government laboratories worldwide. We sell our products to reduce the cost at whichthousands of researchers in over 100 countries through our customers can introduce new drugs.direct sales force, our 1,000 page catalog (and various other specialty catalogs), and through distributors, including Amersham Biosciences and PerkinElmer. We focus on alleviating bottleneckshave sales and manufacturing operations in the drug discovery process including target validation, assay developmentUnited States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, eliminationBelgium with sales facilities in Japan, France and toxicology) screening.Canada.

 

To address these critical bottlenecks, we have recently introduced several new proprietary tools. For target validation, these tools include novel pipette tips, micro-dialyzers, plate readers and COPAS™ high throughput/high relevance model organism screening systems. For ADMET screening, these tools include NaviCyte diffusion chambers for drug absorption testing, 96 well equilibrium dialysis plates for drug distribution testing, MitoScan high throughput toxicology assays and COPAS™ high throughput/high relevance model organism toxicology testing systems.

We have an established product base in target validation. This product base consists of DNA/RNA/protein calculators, life science spectrophotometers and amino acid analysis systems.  We also have an established product base in ADMET screening which includes precision infusion pumps, organ testing systems, ventilators, cell biology and electrophysiology products.

The names Harvard Bioscience and Harvard Apparatus and our logo are names and trademarks that we believe belong to us. We have the rights to numerous trademarks and trade names including AmiKa, Biochrom, COPAS™, CPK, GeneQuant, GeneQuant Pro, MitoScan, NaviCyte, NovaSpec, PrepTip, PureTip, Stronghold, UltroSpec, Union Biometrica and Warner Instruments. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains the trademarks and trade names of other entities that are the property of their respective owners.

Our History

 

Our business began in 1901 and has grown over the intervening years with the development and evolution of modern drug discovery tools. Our early inventions include the mechanical syringe pump in the 1950s for drug infusion and the microprocessor controlled syringe pump in the 1980s.

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In March 1996, a group of investors led by our current management team acquired a majority of the then existing business of our predecessor, Harvard Apparatus. Following this acquisition, we redirected the focus of the Company to

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participate in the high growth areas (bottlenecks) within drug discovery by acquiring and licensing innovative technologies while continuing to grow the existing business through internal product development and marketing, partnerships and acquisitions. Through December 31, 2001,2002, we have completed eleventhirteen business acquisitions, licensed key new technology for in vitro toxicology assays and drug absorption measurement, internally developed new product lines including new generation syringe pumps, ventilators, DNA/RNA/protein calculators, spectrophotometers and plate readers and mailed expanded new catalogs.improved versions of our COPAS model organism screening platform.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our mission is to profitably accelerate drug discovery.

Our goal is to become a leading provider in the tools for the drug discovery industry.

Our strategy is to becomehave a broad range of specialized products (currently over 19,000) in strong positions in niche markets focused on the leading provider of innovative, enabling technologies and products for target validation  and screening researchbottlenecks in the drug discovery process. Key elements of our strategy are to be innovative by developing new products; to acquire businesses that we believe will either strengthen our core business or provide major breakthroughs for drug discovery research; and to partner with people who have expertise we do not.research:

 

Innovative New Tools For Drug DiscoveryBy having a broad product line we believe we reduce the risk of being dependent on a single technology in an industry characterized by very rapid technological change;

By having specialized products in niche markets we seek to reduce head-to-head competition with the major instrument companies; and

By focusing on the bottlenecks we believe we position ourselves for above average revenue growth and above average margins.

 

We have focused on becoming a leading providergrow this range of tools for target validationproducts through internal development of new products, acquisitions and ADMET screening. We believe that there is a demand forstrategic partnerships with both pharmaceutical companies (for new product development) and innovative tools that reduce drug discovery time and expense. Since 1996, we have introduced several new tools for target validation and ADMET screening such as our protein and DNA purification pipette tips, protein purification dialyzers, NaviCyte diffusion chambers and the COPAS™ model organism screening systems.  In 2001, we introduced new plate readers, new spectrophotometers, a new high throughput toxicology assay called MitoScan™, a new ventilator, and COPAS™ technology for high throughput model organism research.  We intend to continue our efforts to identify, develop and introduce new tools to alleviate bottlenecks in all stages of the drug discovery process.

Acquire Complementary Technologiesother major life science companies (for expanded distribution).

 

We intenduse acquisitions to selectively acquire companies and technologies thatexpand our product line because we believe will strengthenwe can use our product offering, particularly in the areas of target validationwell established brands and ADMET screening.  Since 1996, we have completed nine acquisitions involving the integration of acquired products and technology into our existing manufacturing base or distribution channels and five technology acquisition or licensing transactions. In 2001, weto accelerate the growth of these acquired Asys Hitechproducts.  We also believe that our expertise in Austria for its plate readers and low volume dispensers; Scie-Plas in England for its electrophoresis and DNA analysis products; International Market Supply in England for its anesthesiology products; Warner Instruments in the United States for its cell and tissue electrophysiology products; and Union Biometrica in the United States for its high throughput/high content model organism technology.  In the future, we may pursue acquisitions of new products and technologies through business acquisitions, partnerships or licensing arrangements.

Partnerships

We intendoperational management frequently allows us to leverage our technologies through collaborations with people who have expertise and capabilities we do not. In 2001, we partnered with a major pharmaceutical company for the development of low volume dispensers; two major pharmaceutical companies for the further development of COPAS™ technology; and Amersham Biosciences (formerly Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) for distribution of many of our products for DNA, RNA and protein analysis.improve profitability at acquired companies.

 

Our Products

 

OurToday, our broad product linesrange is generally targeted towards four major application areas: ADMET screening; molecular biology; high-throughput/high-content screening for model organisms; and genomics, proteomics and high-throughput screening of potential drugs.

ADMET Screening.

The goal of ADMET screening is to identify compounds that have toxic side effects or undesirable pharmacological properties. These pharmacological properties consist of both proprietaryabsorption, distribution, metabolism and non-proprietary products. Our broad arrayelimination, which together with toxicology, form the acronym ADMET. We have a wide range of proprietary products consistthat our customers use to help their researchers conduct better experiments on cells, tissues, organs and animals.

These products are primarily sold under the Harvard Apparatus, BTX, Medical Systems, Clark Electromedical, Hugo Sachs and Warner Instruments brand names.  The selling price of those set forth inthese products are often under $5,000 but when combined into systems such as the table belowHugo Sachs isolated organ systems the total sales price can be over $25,000.  They are typically sold through our catalogs and thoseweb site with support from technical specialists.  Some of these products are described inbelow:

Absorption -NaviCyte Diffusion Chambers

A diffusion chamber is a small plastic chamber with a membrane separating the “Other Proprietary Products” section belowtwo halves of the table:chamber used to measure the absorption of a drug into the bloodstream. The membrane can either be tissue such as intestinal tissue or a cultured layer of cells such as human colon cells. This creates a miniaturized model of intestinal absorption. We

 

3



 

entered this market with our 1999 acquisition of the assets of NaviCyte Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Trega Biosciences.

Product Category

Distribution - 96 Well Equilibrium Dialysis Plate for Serum Protein Binding Assays

Our 96 well equilibrium dialysis plate contains 96 pairs of chambers with each pair separated by a membrane. The protein target is placed on one side of the membrane and the drug on the other. The small molecule drug diffuses through the membrane. If it binds to the target, it cannot diffuse back again. If it does not bind, it will diffuse back and forth until equilibrium is established. Once equilibrium is established, the concentration of the drug can be measured thereby indicating the strength of the binding. This product is principally used for ADMET screening to determine if a drug binds to blood proteins. A certain level of reversible binding is advantageous in order to promote good distribution of a drug through the human body. However, if the binding is too strong, it may impair normal protein function and cause toxic effects.

Metabolism and Elimination -Organ Testing Systems

Organ testing systems use glass or plastic chambers together with stimulators and recording electrodes to study organ function. Organ testing systems enable either whole organs or strips of tissue from organs such as hearts, livers and lungs to be kept functioning outside the body while researchers perform experiments with them. They are typically used in place of live animals. Studies on isolated livers are useful in determining metabolism and studies on kidneys are useful in determining elimination.  We have sold basic versions of these systems for many years, but significantly expanded our product offerings through our November 1999 acquisition of Hugo Sachs Elektronik.

Toxicology - Precision Infusion Pumps

Infusion pumps, typically syringe pumps, are used to accurately infuse very small quantities of liquid, commonly drugs. Infusion pumps are generally used for long-term toxicology testing of drugs by infusion into animals, usually laboratory rats. We sell a wide range of different types of syringe pumps.

Cell Injection Systems

Cell injection systems use extremely fine bore glass capillaries to penetrate and inject drugs into or around individual cells. Cell injection systems are used to study the effects of drugs on single cells. Injection is accomplished either with air pressure or, if the drug molecule is electrically charged, by applying an electric current. We entered this market with our 1998 acquisition of the research products of Medical Systems Corporation and considerably expanded our presence in this market with our acquisitions of Clark Electromedical in 1999 and Warner Instruments in 2001.

Ventilators

Ventilators use a piston driven air pump to inflate the lungs of an anesthestised animal. Ventilators are typically used in surgical procedures common in drug discovery. Our advanced Inspira ventilators have significant safety and ease of use features, such as default safety settings.

Electroporation Products

Acquired with our acquisition of the BTX division of Genetronics in January 2003, our electroporation products include systems and generators, electrodes and accessories for research applications including in-vivo, in-ovo and in-vitro gene delivery, electrocell fusion and nuclear transfer cloning.  Through the application of precise pulsed electrical signals, electroporation systems open small “pores” in cell membranes allowing genes and/or drugs to pass through.  The principal advantages of electroporation over other transfection techniques are speed, and the fact that electroporation does not require harsh chemicals that can interfere or change cell function.

In addition to our proprietary, manufactured products, we buy and resell through our catalog, products that are made by other manufacturers. We have negotiated supply agreements with the majority of the companies that provide our distributed products. These supply agreements specify pricing only and contain no minimum purchase commitments. None of these agreements represented more than two percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002.

Representative Product Areas

Description

Number of Products

TARGET VALIDATION

RNA/DNA ANALYSIS

Molecular Biology
Spectrophotometers

Range of
Spectrophotometers

6

DNA/RNA Protein
Calculators

Spectrophotometers with
application software

2

Multi-Well Plate
Readers

Range of automated readers

absorbance

3

luminescence

flourescence

Amino Acid
Analysis Systems

Ninhydrin-based amino acid detection systems

2

Liquid Dispensers

Low volume high throughput

3

COPAS™

Model Organism
Testing

High throughput screening
and sorting

Fruit flies

1

Worms

1

PURIFICATION

Purification Pipette
Tips

Disposable pipette tips
coated with
    purification media
loaded with
    purification media

50

Equilibrium
Dialyzers

Membrane separating two plastic chambers

 9

disposable

plates with 96 wells

HIGH THROUGHPUT/ HIGH CONTENT SCREENING

ADMET SCREENING

Absorption (in vitro)

NaviCyte Diffusion
Chambers

Simulated digestive tract /
blood stream interfaces

6

Distribution

Equilibrium Dialysis
Plate

Membrane separating two
chambers

9

Metabolism/Elimination

Organ Testing
Systems

Chambers with stimulators,
perfusion and recording
devices

8

Toxicology

MitoScanÔ Assay

High throughput toxicology
assay

1

Precision Infusion
Pumps

Syringe pumps

80

COPAS™ Reflex

Zebrafish

1

ASSAY DEVELOPMENT/ EFFICACY SCREENING

COPAS™ Reflex

Compound library screening 

Fruit flies

1

Worms

1

Zebrafish

1

 

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Distributed products accounted for approximately 14% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002. These distributed products enable us to provide our customers with a single source for their experimental needs. These complementary products consist of a large variety of devices, instruments and consumable items used in experiments involving cells, tissues, organs and animals in the fields of proteomics, physiology, pharmacology, neuroscience, cell biology, molecular biology and toxicology. We believe that our proprietary, manufactured products are often leaders in their fields however, researchers often need complementary products in order to conduct particular experiments. Most of these complementary products come from small companies that do not have our extensive distribution and marketing capabilities.

Target Validation-RNA/DNA AnalysisMolecular Biology.

These products are primarily sold under brand names of the distributors including Amersham Biosciences.  They are mainly scientific instruments like spectrophotometers and plate readers that analyze light to detect and quantify a very wide range of molecular and cellular processes or apparatus like gel electrophoresis units.  These products are typically in the $5,000 to $10,000 price range.  They are typically sold through distributors.

 

Molecular Biology Spectrophotometers

 

A spectrophotometer is an instrument widely used in molecular biology and cell biology to quantify the amount of a compound in a sample by shining a beam of white light through a prism or grating to divide it into component wavelengths. Each wavelength in turn is shone through a liquid sample and the spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength. This enables the quantification of the amount of a compound in a sample. We sell a wide range of spectrophotometers under the names UltroSpec, NovaSpec, and NovaSpec.Biowave. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through our distribution arrangement with Amersham Biosciences.

 

DNA/RNA/Protein Calculators

 

A DNA/RNA/protein calculator is a bench top instrument dedicated to quantifying the amount of DNA, RNA or protein in a sample. It uses a process similar to that of a molecular biology spectrophotometer. These are sold under the names GeneQuant and GeneQuant Pro. Launched in 1993, we believe that it was the first such instrument sold. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through Amersham Biosciences.

 

Multi-Well Plate ReadersCell Injection Systems

 

Multi-wellCell injection systems use extremely fine bore glass capillaries to penetrate and inject drugs into or around individual cells. Cell injection systems are used to study the effects of drugs on single cells. Injection is accomplished either with air pressure or, if the drug molecule is electrically charged, by applying an electric current. We entered this market with our 1998 acquisition of the research products of Medical Systems Corporation and considerably expanded our presence in this market with our acquisitions of Clark Electromedical in 1999 and Warner Instruments in 2001.

Ventilators

Ventilators use a piston driven air pump to inflate the lungs of an anesthestised animal. Ventilators are typically used in surgical procedures common in drug discovery. Our advanced Inspira ventilators have significant safety and ease of use features, such as default safety settings.

Electroporation Products

Acquired with our acquisition of the BTX division of Genetronics in January 2003, our electroporation products include systems and generators, electrodes and accessories for research applications including in-vivo, in-ovo and in-vitro gene delivery, electrocell fusion and nuclear transfer cloning.  Through the application of precise pulsed electrical signals, electroporation systems open small “pores” in cell membranes allowing genes and/or drugs to pass through.  The principal advantages of electroporation over other transfection techniques are speed, and the fact that electroporation does not require harsh chemicals that can interfere or change cell function.

In addition to our proprietary, manufactured products, we buy and resell through our catalog, products that are made by other manufacturers. We have negotiated supply agreements with the majority of the companies that provide our distributed products. These supply agreements specify pricing only and contain no minimum purchase commitments. None of these agreements represented more than two percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002.

4



Distributed products accounted for approximately 14% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002. These distributed products enable us to provide our customers with a single source for their experimental needs. These complementary products consist of a large variety of devices, instruments and consumable items used in experiments involving cells, tissues, organs and animals in the fields of proteomics, physiology, pharmacology, neuroscience, cell biology, molecular biology and toxicology. We believe that our proprietary, manufactured products are often leaders in their fields however, researchers often need complementary products in order to conduct particular experiments. Most of these complementary products come from small companies that do not have our extensive distribution and marketing capabilities.

Molecular Biology.

These products are primarily sold under brand names of the distributors including Amersham Biosciences.  They are mainly scientific instruments like spectrophotometers and plate readers are widely used for high throughput screening assays in the drug discovery process. The most common format is 96 wells. Plate readers usethat analyze light to detect chemical interactions. We introducedand quantify a very wide range of these products in 2001 beginning with absorbance readersmolecular and followed by luminescence readers.cellular processes or apparatus like gel electrophoresis units.  These products are typically in the $5,000 to $10,000 price range.  They are typically sold through distributors.

Molecular Biology Spectrophotometers

A spectrophotometer is an instrument widely used in molecular biology and cell biology to quantify the amount of a compound in a sample by shining a beam of white light through a prism or grating to divide it into component wavelengths. Each wavelength in turn is shone through a liquid sample and the spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength. This enables the quantification of the amount of a compound in a sample. We sell a wide range of spectrophotometers under the names UltroSpec, NovaSpec, and Biowave. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through our distribution arrangement with Amersham Biosciences.

DNA/RNA/Protein Calculators

A DNA/RNA/protein calculator is a bench top instrument dedicated to quantifying the amount of DNA, RNA or protein in a sample. It uses a process similar to that of a molecular biology spectrophotometer. These are sold under the names GeneQuant and GeneQuant Pro. Launched in 1993, we believe that it was the first such instrument sold. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through Amersham Biosciences.

 

Amino Acid Analysis Systems

An amino acid analysis system uses chromatography to separate the amino acids in a sample and then uses a chemical reaction to detect each one in turn as they flow out of the chromatography column. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. In June 2000, we acquired substantially all of the amino acid analysis systems business of the Biotronik subsidiary of Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz GmbH and integrated it with the existing amino acid analysis systems business in our Biochrom subsidiary.

Low volume, High Throughput Liquid Dispensers

A liquid dispenser dispenses low volumes of liquids into high density microtitre plates used in high throughput screening processes in drug discovery.  Our unique technology enables dispensing to take place without the need for contact between the droplet and the liquid already present in the plate, thereby removing any risk of cross-contamination from the process.  We acquired Asys Hitech in December 2001 through our Biochrom subsidiary.  Asys Hitech developed and markets both the liquid dispensers and a line of OEM plate readers.

Target Validation-COPAS™

COPAS™ Systems

The COPAS™ system uses large bore flow cytometry and a novel proprietary technique to rapidly analyze and sort the model organisms C. elegans (worm), D. melanogaster (fly), and D. rerio (Zebra fish).  Automation of the handling of these organisms through the use of the COPAS™ system provides scientists a complete integrated solution to rapidly produce and evaluate model organisms.  In May 2001, we acquired Union Biometrica, the inventor and developer of the COPAS™ technology.

Target Validation-Protein Purification

Protein Purification Pipette Tips

Our proprietary PrepTip consists of a standard disposable pipette tip coated on the inside with the same chromatography media used in packed bed columns. This coating selectively binds proteins, but not the salts, detergents,

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electrophoresis gels, buffers and cellular debris that are often mixed in with the proteins. Our PrepTip pipette tip enables customers to rapidly purify proteins by avoiding the time-consuming usage of a centrifuge required when using spin columns. In addition, it is easy to use because the protein solution is handled entirely within the pipette tip and does not have to be moved through a separate device such as a packed bed column or dialyzer. Because our PrepTip pipette tips use the same chromatography media as packed bed columns, they can take advantage of the wide range of existing purification protocols using these media.

Disposable Equilibrium Dialyzers

Our proprietary disposable equilibrium dialyzers are effective cost efficient products for protein binding studies and can handle sample sizes as small as 75 microliters. Dialyzers are small chambers with an open end covered with a membrane.  The membrane allows small molecules to pass through, but not large molecules. Because proteins are large molecules and most contaminants are small molecules, this is an effective way to purify proteins. These disposable products are particularly useful for binding studies involving radioactively labeled compounds because the dialyzer does not require cleaning after use.

High Throughput/High Content Screening-ADMET Screening

The goal of ADMET screening is to identify compounds that have toxic side effects or undesirable pharmacological properties. These pharmacological properties consist of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, which together with toxicology, form the acronym ADMET. We have traditionally sold products for ADMET testing that are based upon animal models. However, as a result of a series of acquisitions and licensing transactions, we have begun to develop and manufacture organ testing systems, tissue testing systems and serum protein binding assays for early toxicology testing.

NaviCyte Diffusion Chambers

A diffusion chamber is a small plastic chamber with a membrane separating the two halves of the chamber used to measure the absorption of a drug into the bloodstream. The membrane can either be tissue such as intestinal tissue or a cultured layer of cells such as human colon cells. This creates a miniaturized model of intestinal absorption. We entered this market with our 1999 acquisition of the assets of NaviCyte Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Trega Biosciences.

96 Well Equilibrium Dialysis Plate for Serum Protein Binding Assays

Our 96 well equilibrium dialysis plate operates in a similar way to the equilibrium dialyzers for target validation described above. The difference is that both chambers on either side of the membrane are capped. The protein target is placed on one side of the membrane and the drug on the other. The small molecule drug diffuses through the membrane. If it binds to the target, it cannot diffuse back again. If it does not bind, it will diffuse back and forth until equilibrium is established. Once equilibrium is established, the concentration of the drug can be measured thereby indicating the strength of the binding. This product is principally used for ADMET screening to determine if a drug binds to blood proteins. A certain level of reversible binding is advantageous in order to promote good distribution of a drug through the human body. However, if the binding is too strong, it may impair normal protein function and cause toxic effects.

Organ Testing Systems

Organ testing systems use glass or plastic chambers together with stimulators and recording electrodes to study organ function. Organ testing systems enable either whole organs or strips of tissue from organs such as hearts, livers and lungs to be kept functioning outside the body while researchers perform experiments with them. They are typically used in place of live animals. Studies on isolated livers are useful in determining metabolism and studies on kidneys are useful in determining elimination.  We have sold basic versions of these systems for many years, but significantly expanded our product offerings through our November 1999 acquisition of Hugo Sachs Elektronik.

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MitoScan™ High Throughput Toxicology Screening

Our proprietary MitoScan high throughput in vitro toxicology assay uses submitochondrial particles, or SMP, which are part of the inner membrane of mitochondria. Mitochondria, the power source within a cell, are evolutionarily conserved across the entire animal kingdom and are extremely vulnerable to toxic insult. The SMP, processed from mitochondria, retain this sensitivity and when used in toxicity assays provide a highly relevant toxicologic endpoint indicative of mitochondrial and whole organism responses.

Precision Infusion Pumps

Infusion pumps, typically syringe pumps, are used to accurately infuse very small quantities of liquid, commonly drugs. Infusion pumps are generally used for long-term toxicology testing of drugs by infusion into animals, usually laboratory rats. We sell 80 types of syringe pumps.

COPAS™ Reflex System

The COPAS™ Reflex system can be used in toxicology testing on the Zebrafish.  The Zebrafish has a brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs as well as circulatory, nervous and immune systems making it very similar to the organ system of humans.  Also, the Zebrafish can be dosed with drugs relatively easily, which in combination with the high throughput capabilities of the COPAS™ system, provides a major advantage over other live model organism testing systems such as the mouse.

High Throughput/High Content Screening-Efficacy Screening

The COPAS™ Reflex system provides high throughput screening of combinatorial chemical libraries.  Before the invention of COPAS™, library screening on organisms was simply impractical since it could only be done one organism at a time, under a microscope.  The COPAS™ system can analyze about one million C. elegans in a normal eight hour day.

Other Proprietary Products

Cell Injection Systems

 

Cell injection systems use extremely fine bore glass capillaries to penetrate and inject drugs into or around individual cells. Cell injection systems are used to study the effects of drugs on single cells. Injection is accomplished either with air pressure or, if the drug molecule is electrically charged, by applying an electric current. We entered this market with our 1998 acquisition of the research products of Medical Systems Corporation.Corporation and considerably expanded our presence in this market with our acquisitions of Clark Electromedical in 1999 and Warner Instruments in 2001.

 

Ventilators

 

Ventilators use a piston driven air pump to inflate the lungs of an anesthestised animal. Ventilators are typically used in surgical procedures common in drug discovery. Our advanced Inspira ventilators have significant safety and ease of use features, such as default safety settings.

 

CPK Atomic ModelsElectroporation Products

 

CPK atomic models use colored plastic parts to accurately model molecular structures, such as DNA. We offer a wide range of components and assembled models.

StrongholdÔ Laboratory Clamps

StrongholdÔ laboratory clamps are made from glass reinforced nylon. Our clamps resist rusting which is a common problem with steel clamps. We provide a wide variety of clamps, stands and lattices.

OEM Products

Our reputation for quality, durability and reliability has led to the formation of a number of original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, relationships with major life science instrument companies. These relationships are conducted through purchase orders and are not contractual. A good example of these relationships is with respect to our syringe

7



pumps. Our syringe pumps are capable of delivering flow rates as low as 0.001 microliters per hour while maintaining high accuracy. We have adapted, in conjunctionAcquired with our OEMs, the core technology embodied in our syringe pumps to make specialized sample injectors for manyacquisition of the major mass spectrometry manufacturers.

Distributed ProductsBTX division of Genetronics in January 2003, our electroporation products include systems and generators, electrodes and accessories for research applications including in-vivo, in-ovo and in-vitro gene delivery, electrocell fusion and nuclear transfer cloning.  Through the application of precise pulsed electrical signals, electroporation systems open small “pores” in cell membranes allowing genes and/or drugs to pass through.  The principal advantages of electroporation over other transfection techniques are speed, and the fact that electroporation does not require harsh chemicals that can interfere or change cell function.

 

In addition to our proprietary, manufactured products, we buy and resell products through our catalog, products that are made by other manufacturers. We have negotiated supply agreements with the majority of the companies that provide our distributed products. These supply agreements specify pricing only and contain no minimum purchase commitments. None of these agreements represented more than two percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2001. 2002.

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Distributed products accounted for approximately 18%14% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2001.2002. These distributed products enable us to provide our customers with a single source for their experimental needs. These complementary products consist of a large variety of devices, instruments and consumable items used in experiments involving animalscells, tissues, organs and biological tissueanimals in the fields of proteomics, physiology, pharmacology, neuroscience, cell biology, molecular biology and toxicology. OurWe believe that our proprietary, manufactured products are often leaders in their fields buthowever, researchers often need complementary products in order to conduct particular experiments. Most of these complementary products come from small companies that do not have our extensive distribution and marketing capabilities.

 

Molecular Biology.

These products are primarily sold under brand names of the distributors including Amersham Biosciences.  They are mainly scientific instruments like spectrophotometers and plate readers that analyze light to detect and quantify a very wide range of molecular and cellular processes or apparatus like gel electrophoresis units.  These products are typically in the $5,000 to $10,000 price range.  They are typically sold through distributors.

Molecular Biology Spectrophotometers

A spectrophotometer is an instrument widely used in molecular biology and cell biology to quantify the amount of a compound in a sample by shining a beam of white light through a prism or grating to divide it into component wavelengths. Each wavelength in turn is shone through a liquid sample and the spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength. This enables the quantification of the amount of a compound in a sample. We sell a wide range of spectrophotometers under the names UltroSpec, NovaSpec, and Biowave. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through our distribution arrangement with Amersham Biosciences.

DNA/RNA/Protein Calculators

A DNA/RNA/protein calculator is a bench top instrument dedicated to quantifying the amount of DNA, RNA or protein in a sample. It uses a process similar to that of a molecular biology spectrophotometer. These are sold under the names GeneQuant and GeneQuant Pro. Launched in 1993, we believe that it was the first such instrument sold. These products are manufactured by our Biochrom subsidiary and sold primarily through Amersham Biosciences.

Multi-Well Plate Readers

Multi-well plate readers are widely used for high throughput screening assays in the drug discovery process. The most common format is 96 wells per plate. Plate readers use light to detect chemical interactions. We introduced a range of these products in 2001 beginning with absorbance readers and followed by luminescence readers.  These products are sold  through Amersham Biosciences and other distributors.

Amino Acid Analysis Systems

An amino acid analysis system uses chromatography to separate the amino acids in a sample and then uses a chemical reaction to detect each one in turn as they flow out of the chromatography column. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. In June 2000, we acquired substantially all of the amino acid analysis systems business of the Biotronik subsidiary of Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz GmbH and integrated it with the existing amino acid analysis systems business in our Biochrom subsidiary.  These systems are sold through our Biochrom direct sales force and distributors including Amersham Biosciences.

Low Volume, High-Throughput Liquid Dispensers

A liquid dispenser dispenses low volumes of liquids into high density microtitre plates used in high throughput screening processes in drug discovery.  Our unique technology enables dispensing to take place without the need for contact between the droplet and the liquid already present in the plate, thereby removing any risk of cross-contamination from the process.  These products are primarily marketed by our Asys Hitech subsidiary and sold under distributor brand names.  We acquired Asys Hitech in December 2001 through our Biochrom subsidiary.  Asys Hitech

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developed and markets both the liquid dispensers and a line of OEM plate readers.  For ultra low volume dispensing we sell the Cartesian systems mentioned below.

Gel Electrophoresis Systems

Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and purifying DNA, RNA and proteins.  In gel electrophoresis an electric current is run through a thin slab of gel and the DNA, RNA or protein molecules separate out based on their charge and size.  The gel is contained in a plastic tank with an associated power supply.  Most of these products were acquired with our November 2001 acquisition of SciePlas Ltd and are sold through distributors.

High-Throughput/High-Content Screening for Model Organisms.

These systems are large scientific instruments that use fluid flow and lasers to analyze small model organisms like nematode worms, fruit flies and fish very rapidly and in large numbers.  Model organisms are so called because they are used to model human diseases.

COPAS Systems

The COPASTM   system uses large bore flow cytometry and a novel proprietary technique to rapidly analyze and sort the model organisms C. elegans (worm), D. melanogaster (fly), and D. rerio (Zebra fish).  Automation of the handling of these organisms through the use of the COPASTM system provides scientists a complete integrated solution to rapidly produce and evaluate model organisms. COPAS systems are typically over $100,000 and are sold by technically specialized salespeople.   In May 2001, we acquired Union Biometrica, the inventor and developer of the COPASTM technology.

Genomics, Proteomics and High-Throughput Screening.

These products were mainly acquired with our purchase of Genomic Solutions Inc. in October of 2002 and subsequent to that, in March of 2003 with the acquisition of GeneMachines.  They are mainly large scientific instruments that rapidly process and analyze samples of DNA, RNA or proteins.  These systems are typically over $25,000 each and are sold by our field sales force and distributors in select countries.

Genomics Products – Arrayers, Hybridization Workstations and Scanners.

Genes contain the DNA code for making proteins. The human genome contains over three billion letters of DNA code that are organized into approximately 30,000 genes that can create approximately 100,000 proteins.  Scientists have studied individual genes for decades but the modern discipline of genomics refers to studying many genes simultaneously.  Genes are often studied using microarrays – 1” by 3” glass slides covered in many spots, each spot containing a unique piece of known DNA.  A sample labeled with a fluorescent dye is then washed over the slide and the DNA in the sample that sticks to the DNA on the slide (by virtue of the complementary pairing of DNA bases) is identified.  We make arraying instruments that can precisely spot down onto the slide tiny quantities of DNA and enable large numbers of slides to be automatically manufactured by the scientist.  Our hybridization workstations carefully control the addition of reagents and the reaction conditions that enable the automated washing of the sample over the slide to create a robust attachment of the sample DNA to the test DNA.  Our slide scanners use lasers to read the intensity of the fluorescent signals to accurately quantify the genes that are present in the sample.  Finally, we developed the software to control the process and analyze and present the data. These products are mainly sold under our GeneMachines brand name.

Proteomics Products - 2 Dimensional Gels, Spot Picking Robots and Sample Preparation Robots .

Proteins are a key component of all living cells.  Each cell may contain thousands of different proteins.  Scientists have studied individual proteins for decades but the modern discipline of proteomics refers to studying many proteins simultaneously.  In order to study proteins they must first be purified. We manufacture two-dimensional electrophoresis gels and related apparatus for purifying proteins.  Gel electrophoresis uses electric current to separate molecules by size and amount of electric charge they carry.  These gels are then processed by automated workstations that use machine vision and robotics to remove individual protein spots from the gels.  These spots are further purified using proprietary sample preparation pipette tips combined with robotics to automatically spot the pure proteins onto

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plates that can be analyzed by mass spectrometers.  The data from all these processes can then be analyzed and presented by our powerful software.  By automating these otherwise manual processes our products make proteomics approaches practical.  These products are mainly sold under our Investigator brand name and also under the SciePlas and Amika brand names.

High-Throughput Screening Products – Nanolitre Liquid Handlings.

High throughput screening is the process of testing large numbers (often hundreds of thousands) of potential drug molecules on proteins that are thought to be involved in disease.  We manufacture instruments that aspirate and dispense very small quantities (as small as billionths of a litre) of chemicals into test wells (usually either 96, 384 or 1536) on small plastic plates called microtitre plates.  We make instruments that can very rapidly, precisely and without cross-contamination add the same compound to each well, or add a different compound to each well. These products are mainly sold under our Cartesian and Asys Hitech brand names. We have considerable intellectual property in this area.  In addition, specialized versions of our COPAS systems can be used for high-throughput screening of potential drug molecules as well as high-throughput/high-content screening of model organisms.

Our Customers

 

Our customers are primarily end userend-user research scientists at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government laboratories, such asincluding the U.S. National Institutes of Health, or NIH. Our largest customers in the United States include Baylor CollegeYale University, Aventis, Glaxo SmithKline, Pfizer, University of Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Johns HopkinsPennsylvania, University of North Carolina, Buck Institute for Age Research, University of Texas, Emory University, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rutgers State University, University of Colorado, Merck & Co., Inc., NIH, Parke-Davis, Pfizer Inc., Schering-Plough Corporation, SmithKline Beecham plc, OrthoMcNeil, Duke University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stowers Institute and the University of California.Roche Bioscience.

 

We conduct direct sales in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Japan and Canada. We also maintain distributors in other countries. Aggregate sales to our largest customer, Amersham Biosciences, a distributor with end users similar to ours, accounted for approximately 30%18% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002 compared to approximately 30% for the year ended December 2001. We have several thousand customers worldwide and no other customer accounted for more than fivetwo percent of our revenues for such period.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Direct Sales

 

We periodically produce and mail approximately 100,000 copies of our 1,000-page catalog, which contains approximately 10,000 items. We distribute the majority of our products ordered from our catalog, which can also be accessed on our website, through our worldwide subsidiaries. Our manufactured products and revenues from collaboration and research grant products accounted for approximately 82%86% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2001.2002. Our market leadership position in many of our manufactured products create traffic to the catalog and web site and enables cross-selling and facilitates the introduction of new products. In addition to the comprehensive catalog, we create and mail abridged catalogs that focus on specific product areas along with direct mailers, which introduce or promote new products.

With the acquisition of Union Biometrica in May 2001, and continuing in 2002 with the new direct sales in the US of our Biochrom Amino Acid Analyzer, and the acquisition of Genomic Solutions, a significant portion of our revenues are now attributable to a direct sales force and support organization rather than through a catalog or through distribution.  Our direct sales force is complemented in the field by our technical support and field service organizations, and together they  effectively sell and service our capital equipment product lines such as Union Biometrica COPAS product line, the Biochrom Amino Acid Analyzer and the Genomic Solutions’genomics, proteomics, and high-throughput screening products. Although there are separate and unique sales forces for each of these product lines, we are able to leverage our capabilities by having more individuals be able to connect with and identify more prospective customers.

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Amersham Biosciences Distributor

 

In August 2001, we entered into a new agreement with Amersham Biosciences.  Under the terms of the agreement Amersham Biosciences serves as our exclusive distributor, marketer and seller of a majority of the product of our Biochrom subsidiary.  This agreement has a five year finite life and may be terminated by either party upon 18 months prior written notice.  Additionally, upon breach of certain terms of the agreement by either party, such as pricing, exclusivity, and delivery, the agreement may be terminated with a 30 day notice period.

 

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Research and Development

 

Our principal research and development mission is to develop a broad portfolio of technologies, assays, products and core competencies in drug discovery tools, particularly for application in the areas of target validationADMET screening, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and ADMET.high-throughput screening and high-throughput/high-content screening of model organisms.

 

Our research and development expenditures were $4.1 million (excluding in-process research and development charges of $1.6 million), $3.2 million (excluding in-process research and development charges of $5.4 million), and $1.5 million in 2002, 2001 and $1.2 million in 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to make significant development expenditures.expenditures as we deem appropriate given the circumstances at such time. We plan to continue to pursue a balanced development portfolio strategy of originating new products from internal research and development programs and business and technology acquisitions.

 

We maintain development staff in most of our manufacturing facilities to design and develop new products.products and also to re-engineer existing products to bring them to the next generation level. In-house development is focused on our current technologies.  As the result of the acquisition of Union Biometrica, we opened aOur European model organismresearch laboratory in Geel, Belgium in the third quarter of 2001.  This laboratory will focusis focusing on extending the use of and developing new applications for the COPAS™ technology.high-throughput automated microscope imaging.   For new technologies, our strategy has been to license or acquire proven technology from universities and biotechnologypharmaceutical companies and then develop the technology into commercially viable products.

 

Manufacturing

 

We manufacture and test the majority of our products in our principal manufacturing facilities located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Austria and Germany. We have considerable manufacturing flexibility at our various facilities, and each facility can manufacture multiple products at the same time. We maintain in-house key manufacturing know-how, technologies and resources. We seek to maintain multiple suppliers for key components that are not manufactured in-house.

 

Our manufacturing operations are primarily to assemble and test. Our manufacturing of syringe pumps, ventilators, cell injectors, and protein purification products and electroporation products (which we acquired from BTX in January, 2003) takes place in Holliston, Massachusetts.  The manufacture of our cell biology and electrophysiology products takes place in our Hamden, Connecticut facility.  The COPAS™ technology instruments are manufactured in our Somerville, Massachusetts facility.  Our MitoScan toxicology assay isgenomics, proteomics and high throughput screening products are manufactured in Madison, Wisconsin.at our Irvine and San Carlos, California and Huntingdon, England facilities.  Our manufacturing of spectrophotometers and amino acid analysis systems takes place in our Cambridge, England facility which is certified to ISO 9001. Our manufacturing of surgery-relatedsurgery and anesthesia related products and teaching products takes place in Edenbridge, England. Our manufacturing of complete organ testing systems takes place in March-Hugstetten, Germany.  Our electrophoresis products are manufactured at our Warwickshire, England facility and our low volume, high throughput liquid dispensers and our plate readers are manufactured in our facility in Eugendorf, Austria.

 

Competition

 

The markets into which we sell our products are highly competitive, and we expect the intensity of competition to continue or increase. We compete with many companies engaged in developing and selling tools for drug discovery. Many of our competitors have greater financial, operational, sales and marketing resources, and more experience in research and development and commercialization than we have. Moreover, competitors may have greater name recognition than we do, and many offer discounts as a competitive tactic. These competitors and other companies may have developed or could in the future develop new technologies that compete with our products which could render our products obsolete. We cannot assure you that we will be able to make the enhancements to our technologies

8



necessary to compete successfully with newly emerging technologies. We are not aware of any significant products sold by us which are currently obsolete.

 

We believe that we offer one of the broadest selections of target validation and screening technologiesproducts to companies engaged in drug discovery. We are not aware of any competitor that offers a product line of comparable breadth within theacross our target validation and screening product markets.  We have numerous competitors on a product line basis. We believe that we compete favorably with our competitors on the basis of product performance, including quality, reliability and speed, technical support, price and delivery time. We compete with several companies that provide instruments for target validation and ADMET screening. In the DNA/RNA/protein calculator area, we compete with PerkinElmer Instruments, Inc. and Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. In thescreening, molecular biology, spectrophotometer area, we compete with

9



Beckman Coulter, Inc.genomics, proteomics and PerkinElmer Instruments, Inc. In the protein sample preparation area, we compete with Millipore Corporation, Pierce Chemical Companyhigh throughput screening, and Spectrum Medical.high-throughput/high-content screening of model organisms. In the ADMET screening area, we compete with, among others,  KD Scientific, Razel Scientific Instruments, Inc., Experimetria Ltd., Kent Scientific Corporation, General Valve Company, Eppendorf-Netheler-Hinz GmbH, Ugo Basile and Becton Dickinson and Company.   In the area of OEMmolecular biology products, we face competitioncompete with, among others, Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc. PerkinElmer Instruments, Inc., Invitrogen, Inc., Beckman Coulter, Inc., and Molecular Devices, Inc.  In the genomics, protemics and highthroughput screening area, we compete with, among others, Genetix, Inc., Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc., Amersham Biosciences, Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., Zymark, Inc., Tecan, Inc., Beckman Coulter, Inc. Apogent , Inc., Agilent Technologies, Inc., and Innovadyne, Inc.  For our high-throughput/high-content screening for model organisms area, we compete primarily from the in-house engineering teams of our OEM customers.against manual techniques rather than a specific tools provider.

 

Intellectual Property

 

To establish and protect our proprietary technologies and products, we rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade-secret laws, as well as confidentiality provisions in our contracts. MostMany of our new technology is coveredtechnologies arecovered by patents or patent applications. Most of our base business ismore mature product lines are protected by trade names and trade secrets only.

 

We have implemented a patent strategy designed to provide us with freedom to operate and facilitate commercialization of our current and future products. We currently own eleven22 issued U.S. patents and have eight20 pending applications. We also hold exclusive licenses for the technologies used in our MitoScan high throughput toxicology products, our NaviCyte™ drug absorption products and our PureTip™ pipette tip products. In addition to these licenses, our principal technologies are covered by issued patents for our dialyzers and our Ultra Micro spin columns and by pending applications for our PrepTip pipette tips. Furthermore, international patent applications are pending in connection with one of our U.S. patent applications and one of our licensed patents.

 

Generally, U.S. patents have a term of 17 years from the date of issue for patents issued from applications filed with the U.S. Patent Office prior to June 8, 1995, and 20 years from the application filing date or earlier claimed priority date in the case of patents issued from applications filed on or after June 8, 1995. Our issued US patents will expire between 2011 and 2018.2020. Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies. We intend to continue to file patent applications as we develop new products and technologies.

 

Patents provide some degree of protection for our intellectual property. However, the assertion of patent protection involves complex legal and factual determinations and is therefore uncertain. The scope of any of our issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection. In addition, our issued patents or patents licensed to us may be successfully challenged, invalidated, circumvented or unenforceable so that our patent rights would not create an effective competitive barrier. Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. In addition, the laws governing patentability and the scope of patent coverage continue to evolve, particularly in areas of interest to us. As a result, there can be no assurance that patents will issue from any of our patent applications or from applications licensed to us. In view of these factors, our intellectual property positions bear some degree of uncertainty.

 

We also rely in part on trade-secret protection of our intellectual property. We attempt to protect our trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with third parties, employees and consultants. Our employees and consultants also sign agreements requiring that they assign to us their interests in patents and copyrights arising from their work for us.  ManyAlthough, many of our U.S. employees have signed agreements not to compete unfairly with us during their employment and after termination of their employment, through the misuse of confidential information, soliciting employees, soliciting customers and the like.like, these type of agreements cannot be legally entered into in Europe or in California. However, it is possible that these agreements may be breached or invalidated and if so, there may not be an adequate corrective remedy available. Despite the measures we have taken to protect our intellectual property, we cannot assure you that third parties will not independently discover or invent competing technologies, or reverse engineer our trade secrets or other technologies. Therefore, the measures we are taking to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate.

 

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We do not believe that our products infringe on the intellectual property rights of any third party. We cannot assure you, however, that third parties will not claim such infringement by us or our licensors with respect to current or future products.products and third parties have made such claims. We expect that product developers in our market will increasingly be subject to such claims as the number of products and competitors in our market segment grows and the product functionality in different market segments overlaps. In addition, patents on production and business methods are becoming more common and we expect that more patents will be issued in our technical field. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of management’s attention and resources, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Moreover, such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which could seriously harm our business or financial condition.

 

10“Harvard” is a registered trademark of Harvard University.  The marks “Harvard Apparatus” and “Harvard Bioscience” are being used pursuant to a license agreement entered into in December, 2002 between Harvard University and Harvard Bioscience, Inc.



 

Government Regulation

 

We are not subject to direct governmental regulation other than the laws and regulations generally applicable to businesses in the domestic and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. In particular, we are not subject to regulatory approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration as none of our products are sold for use in diagnostic procedures or on human clinical patients. In addition, we believe we are in compliance with all relevant environmental laws.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2001,2002, we had 257364 full-time employees and 2522 part-time employees, 111169 of whom resided in the United States, 126169 of whom resided in the United Kingdom, 1718 of whom reside in Austria, 1413 of whom resided in Germany, 4four of whom resided in Canada, 4four of whom resided in Japan, four of whom resided in Belgium, 3 threeof whom resided in France, 2one of whom resided in the Netherlands and 1one who resided in Spain. None of our employees is subject to any collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

Website

Our website is www.harvardbioscience.com.  Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act are available for review on our website.  Any such materials that we file with, or furnish to, the Securities and Exchange Commission in the future will be available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 2. Properties.

 

Our eleven12 principal facilities incorporate manufacturing, development, sales and marketing, and administration functions. Our facilities consist of:

 

a leased 20,00024,500 square foot facility in Holliston, Massachusetts, which is our corporate headquarters,

 

a leased 28,000 square foot facility in Cambridge, England,

 

a leased 28,000 square foot facility in Ann Arbor, Michigan,

a leased 22,000 square foot facility in San Carlos, California,

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a leased 18,000 square foot facility in Warwickshire, England,

 

a leased 18,000 square foot facility in Huntingdon, England,

an owned 15,500 square foot facility in Edenbridge, England,

 

a leased 12,000 square foot facility in Irvine, California,

a leased 7,800 square foot facility in Somerville, Massachusetts

a leased 9,000 square foot facility in March-Hugstetten, Germany,

 

a leased 7,800 square foot facility in Somerville, Massachusetts,

a leased 7,500 square foot facility in Hamden, Connecticut, and

 

a leased 4,700 square foot facility in Eugendorf, Austria,

a leased 3,300 square foot facility in Somerville, Massachusetts,

a leased 1,400 square foot facility in Madison, Wisconsin and

a leased 1,300 square foot facility in Geel, Belgium.

 

We also lease additional facilities for development, sales and administrative support in Les Ulix, Paris, FranceFrance; Montreal,  Canada; Tokyo, Japan; and Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Geel, Belgium.  We lease facilities in Lansing, Michigan; San Diego, California; and Somerville, Massachusetts each of which are currently vacant.  We are in the process of either negotiating lease terminations with the landlords or finding suitable tenants for subleasing some of the vacant space.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

 

On December 26, 2000, Harvard University filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts alleging that our use of the “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus” names infringes on Harvard University’s trademarks. Harvard University iswas seeking both injunctive relief and monetary damages. We believe that these claims are without merit, and we are vigorously defending against such claims.  On April 10, 2001, the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts denied Harvard University’s request for a preliminary injunction prohibiting usthe Company from using the namesname “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus”.  The Court did issue an order directing usthe Company not to use the “Harvard” name in the color crimson or in a font similar to the font used by Harvard University.  On May 6, 2002, the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts issued a partial summary judgment order against Harvard University regarding the Company’s use of the name “Harvard Apparatus”.  In December 2002, we settled our dispute with Harvard University  and entered into a royalty-free license agreement that allows us to continue using the names Harvard Apparatus, Harvard Bioscience and various Harvard related product names.  This license agreement is subject to termination in certain limited circumstances.  Harvard Bioscience will continue to be used as the Company’s name and Harvard Apparatus and various Harvard related product names will continue to be used as brand names on products and catalogs.  The names will be used subject to various stylistic restrictions, primarily avoiding the use of the color crimson and fonts that are similar to those regularly used by Harvard University.

 

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We believe that the defense of these claims could involve significant litigation-related expenses, but that defense of these claims and compliance with the court order will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

On February 4, 2002, Paul D. Grindle, the former owner of Harvard Apparatus, Inc., initiated an arbitration proceeding against the Companyus and certain directors before JAMS an arbitration firm in Boston, Massachusetts. MrMr. Grindle’s claims arise out of post-closing purchase price adjustments related to the Company’sour purchase of the assets and business of Harvard Apparatus by virtue of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 15, 1996 and certain related agreements. In the arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle sought the return of 1,563,851 shares of stock in the Company,Harvard Bioscience, or the disgorgement of the profits of the Company’sour sale of the stock, as well as punitivecompensatory damages and multiple damages and attorney’s fees under Mass. Gen. Laws, chapter 93A. In a demand letter that was attached to the Arbitration Demand,arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle asserted losses in the amount of $15 million, representing the value of the 1,563,851 shares of the Company’sHarvard Bioscience’s stock as of January 2, 2002. On October 30, 2002, we received a decision from the arbitrator that we have prevailed on all claims asserted against us and certain of our directors in the arbitration action.  Specifically, we received a written decision from the arbitrator granting our motion for summary disposition with respect to all claims brought against all parties in the action.  We have filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to confirm the arbitrator’s decision.  Mr. Grindle filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to vacate the arbitrator’s decision.  These two matters have been consolidated and are currently pending.

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In September, 2002, our Genomic Solutions subsidiary filed suit against Affymetrix, Inc. in the State of Michigan Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw for breach of contract, negligent/innocent misrepresentation, tortuous interference with prospective economic advantage and declaratory relief.  The Companyaction arises out of a License Agreement that Genomic Solutions entered into with Affymetrix with respect to certain Affymetrix patent rights.  Genomic Solutions is seeking monetary damages including a return of license and royalty fees previously paid to Affymetrix and declaratory relief providing that no further fees are owing to Affymetrix.  In November, 2002, Affymetrix filed a counter-claim against Genomic Solutions alleging breach of contract and requesting approximately $1.45 million in damages for license and other fees and interest allegedly owed.  Discovery in the case is on-going.  Management believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims arethe counter-claim is without merit and intends to vigorously defend them vigorously.it.    The Company also believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims are barred$1.45 million in damages for license and other fees is fully reserved for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December, 2002, Oxford Gene Technology Ltd. filed suit against our Genomic Solutions subsidiary, Mergen Ltd., Clontech Laboratories, Inc., PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc., Axon Instruments, Inc. and BioDiscovery, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware  seeking unspecified damages as a result of alleged infringement by each of the termsdefendants of certain releases executed by hima United States Patent issued to Oxford Gene Technology.    In March, 2003, Genomic Solutions filed an answer denying the allegations and further barred byasserted counter-claims seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and a declaratory judgment of invalidity.  Management denies the applicable statutes of limitation.allegations and will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

 

From time to time, we may be involved in various other claims androutine legal proceedings arisingmatters that arise in the ordinary course of our business.  We are not currently a party to any other claims or proceedings which, we believe, if decided adversely to us, would eitherhave, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

 

None.

 

Item 4.A. Executive Officers of the Registrant.

 

The following table shows information about our executive officers as of December 31, 2001.2002.

 

Name

 

Age

 

Position

 

 

 

 

 

Chane Graziano

 

6364

 

Chief Executive Officer and Director

 

 

 

 

 

David Green 

 

3738

 

President and Director

 

 

 

 

 

Susan Luscinski

 

4546

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

 

Mark Norige

 

4748

 

Chief Operating Officer

Jeffrey S. Williams

36

President of Genomic Solutions Inc and Director

 

Chane Graziano has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since March 1996. Prior to joining Harvard Bioscience, Mr. Graziano served as the President of Analytical Technology Inc., an analytical electrochemistry instruments company, from 1993 to 1996 and as the President and Chief Executive Officer of its predecessor, Analytical Technology Inc.-Orion, an electrochemistry instruments and laboratory products company, from 1990 until 1993. Mr. Graziano served as the President of Waters Corporation, an analytical instrument manufacturer, from 1985 until 1989. Mr. Graziano has over 3839 years experience in the laboratory products and analytical instruments industry.

 

David Green has served as our President and as a member of our board of directors since March 1996. Prior to joining Harvard Bioscience, Mr. Green was a strategy consultant with Monitor Company, a strategy consulting company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Johannesburg, South Africa from June 1991 until September 1995 and a brand manager for household products with Unilever PLC, a packaged consumer goods company, in London from September 1985 to February 1989. Mr. Green graduated from Oxford University with a B.A. Honors degree in physics and holds a M.B.A. degree with distinction from Harvard Business School.

 

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Susan Luscinski has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2001.  Ms. Luscinski served as our Vice President of Finance and Administration from May 1999 until August 2001. Ms. Luscinski served as our Corporate Controller from May 1988 until May 1999 and has served in various other positions at our company and its predecessor since January 1985.

 

Mark Norige has served as our Chief Operating Officer since January 2000 and in various other positions with us since September 1996. Prior to joining Harvard Bioscience, Mr. Norige served as a Business Unit Manager at QuadTech, Inc., an impedance measuring instrument manufacturer, from May 1995 until September 1996. Mr. Norige worked at Waters Corporation from 1977 until May 1995.

Jeffrey S. Williams has served as the President of our Genomic Solutions subsidiary and as a member of our board of directors since the acquisition of Genomic Solutions, Inc. by Harvard Bioscience in October 2002.  From 1997 to the date of the acquisition of Genomic Solutions by Harvard Bioscience, Mr. Williams served as the President and Chief Executive Officer and as a Director of Genomic Solutions and its predecessor.  From 1995 until joining Genomic Solutions’ predecessor, Mr. Williams served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of International Remote Imaging Systems, Inc., a publicly traded company specializing in digital imaging products for the clinical diagnostics and research marketplaces.  Mr. Williams’ prior employment included various positions at Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, a global healthcare company, most recently as Vice President and Global Business Manager.

 

13



 

PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

Price Range of Common Stock.

 

Our common stock has been quoted on the Nasdaq National Market since our initial public offering on December 7, 2000 and currently trades under the symbol “HBIO.”  The following table sets forth the range of the high and low closingsales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market for the quarterly periods indicated.

Year Ended December 31, 2001

 

High

 

Low

 

First Quarter

 

$

11.75

 

$

6.06

 

Second Quarter

 

$

11.10

 

$

5.90

 

Third Quarter

 

$

14.20

 

$

8.19

 

Fourth Quarter

 

$

12.12

 

$

7.87

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2000

 

High

 

Low

 

Fourth Quarter (from December 7, 2000 through December 31, 2000)

 

$

13.50

 

$

8.00

 

Year Ended December 31, 2002

 

High

 

Low

 

First Quarter

 

$

10.15

 

$

6.75

 

Second Quarter

 

$

9.10

 

$

4.07

 

Third Quarter

 

$

6.73

 

$

2.11

 

Fourth Quarter

 

$

3.83

 

$

2.50

 

Year Ended December 31, 2001

 

High

 

Low

 

First Quarter

 

$

7.12

 

$

5.88

 

Second Quarter

 

$

11.60

 

$

7.90

 

Third Quarter

 

$

14.50

 

$

7.81

 

Fourth Quarter

 

$

13.25

 

$

7.35

 

 

On March 22, 2002,17, 2003, the closing sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market was $8.99$3.75 per share.  The number of record holders of our common stock as of March 22, 200217, 2003 was approximately 100.200.  We believe that the number of beneficial owners of our common stock at that date was substantially greater.

 

Dividend Policy.

 

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock in the past and do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors the board of directors deems relevant.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

 

None.

 

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities.

 

On December 7, 2000, the Company sold, pursuant to an underwritten initial public offering, 6,250,000 shares of common stock at a price of $8 per share.  Following the offering, proceeds were used to repay substantially all of the Company’s debt as well as redeem its redeemable preferred stock. On January 9, 2001, the underwriters exercised their allotment option whereby the Company sold an additional 937,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $8 per share. The net proceeds to the Company for the initial public offering and the underwriters exercise of their allotment was $51.8 million.

The effective date of the Securities Act registration statement for which the use of proceeds information is being disclosed was December 6, 2000, and the Commission file number assigned to the registration statement is 333-45996.  From April 2, 20011, 2002 (the date of the filing of our 2001 Annual Report on Form 10-K) to the date hereof, we used the net proceeds as follows: (i) approximately $2.6$1.1 million was used to fund the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Warner Instruments,Walden Precision Apparatus (ii) approximately $7.0 million was used to purchase Union Biometrica, (iii) approximately $1.5 million was used to purchase IMS, (iv) approximately $0.6 million was used to repay debt assumed in the Union Biometrica acquisition, (v) approximately $0.6 million in legal and accounting fees directly associated with the Union Biometrica, Warner Instruments and IMS acquisitions, (vi) approximately $4.1 million was used to purchase Scie-Plas Ltd; (vii) approximately $2.0 million was used to purchase Asys Hitech Gmbh and (viii) approximately $3.1$1.6 million was used to fund working capital needs of Union Biometrica, Inc..  Inc. (iii) approximately $10.1 million was used to fund the acquisition of Genomic Solutions and the associated costs, (iv) approximately $3.4 million was used to fund working capital needs of Genomic Solutions, primarily due to liabilities assumed with the acquisition of Genomic Solutions in October, 2002, and (v) the remaining $1.9 million in proceeds from our initial public offering in December 2000 was used to partially fund the acquisition of BTX in January 2003.

14



The use of proceeds from our initial public offering described doabove does not represent a material change in the use of proceeds described in our prospectus and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the periodyear ended December 31, 2000.2001.

 

1415



 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

1998

 

1997

 

Statement of Operations Data:

 

(in thousands, except share and per share data )

 

Revenues

 

$

40,868

 

$

30,575

 

$

26,178

 

$

12,154

 

$

11,464

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and Expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product revenues

 

20,179

 

15,833

 

13,547

 

5,351

 

5,128

 

General and administrative expense

 

7,001

 

5,181

 

4,147

 

2,317

 

2,338

 

Severance and related costs

 

460

 

 

 

 

 

Sales and marketing expense

 

4,840

 

3,186

 

2,448

 

1,722

 

1,672

 

Research and development

 

3,179

 

1,533

 

1,188

 

325

 

207

 

Stock compensation expense

 

2,679

 

14,676

 

3,284

 

 

 

In-process research and development

 

5,447

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,744

 

604

 

368

 

27

 

 

Operating income (loss)

 

(4,661

)

(10,438

)

1,196

 

2,412

 

2,119

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other (expense) income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency (loss) gain

 

(99

)

(324

)

(48

)

21

 

(96

)

Common stock warrant interest expense

 

 

(36,885

)

(29,694

)

(1,379

)

(117

)

Interest income (expense), net

 

1,352

 

(756

)

(657

)

(210

)

(223

)

Amortization of deferred financing costs

 

 

(153

)

(63

)

 

 

Other

 

(10

)

45

 

(17

)

10

 

106

 

Other (expense) income, net

 

1,243

 

(38,073

)

(30,479

)

(1,558

)

(330

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) income before income taxes

 

(3,418

)

(48,511

)

(29,283

)

854

 

1,789

 

Income taxes

 

1,790

 

1,359

 

137

 

783

 

682

 

Net (loss) income

 

(5,208

)

(49,870

)

(29,420

)

71

 

1,107

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

(136

)

(157

)

(122

)

(122

)

Net (loss) income available to common shareholders

 

$

(5,208

)

$

(50,006

)

$

(29,577

)

$

(51

)

$

985

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) income per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

$

(0.01

)

$

0.13

 

Diluted

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

$

(0.01

)

$

0.06

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

5,598,626

 

7,406,486

 

Diluted

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

5,598,626

 

17,500,194

 

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

1998

 

1997

 

Balance Sheet Data:

 

(in thousands)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

29,385

 

$

35,817

 

$

2,396

 

$

957

 

$

707

 

Working capital

 

32,565

 

40,552

 

3,783

 

2,205

 

1,698

 

Total assets

 

82,362

 

58,809

 

20,610

 

7,220

 

6,161

 

Long-term debt , net of current portion

 

637

 

1

 

5,073

 

638

 

829

 

Preferred stock

 

 

 

2,500

 

1,500

 

1,621

 

Common stock warrants

 

 

 

31,194

 

1,500

 

 

Stockholders’ equity (deficit)

 

66,812

 

52,335

 

(25,711

)

678

 

737

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

 

 

 

Statement of Operations Data:

 

First Quarter

 

Second Quarter

 

Third Quarter

 

Fourth Quarter

 

Fiscal Year

 

2001:

 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

Revenues

 

$

8,607

 

$

9,711

 

$

10,643

 

$

11,907

 

$

40,868

 

Operating Expenses

 

8,089

 

15,032

 

10,619

 

11,789

 

45,529

 

Net Income (Loss) available to common shareholders:

 

272

 

(5,365

)

319

 

(434

)

(5,208

)

Income (Loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic:

 

$

0.01

 

$

(0.21

)

$

0.01

 

$

(0.02

)

$

(0.20

)

Diluted:

 

$

0.01

 

$

(0.21

)

$

0.01

 

$

(0.02

)

$

(0.20

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2000:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

$

7,068

 

$

7,390

 

$

7,611

 

$

8,506

 

$

30,575

 

Operating Expenses

 

5,883

 

6,426

 

20,208

 

8,496

 

41,013

 

Net Income (Loss) available to common shareholders:

 

(4,408

)

(62,360

)

(17,216

)

33,978

 

(50,006

)

Income (Loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.76

)

$

(9.32

)

$

(2.56

)

$

2.66

 

$

(6.25

)

Diluted

 

$

(0.76

)

$

(9.32

)

$

(2.56

)

$

1.69

 

$

(6.25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

1998

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statement of Operations Data:

 

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

$

57,380

 

$

40,868

 

$

30,575

 

$

26,178

 

$

12,154

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and Expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product revenues

 

28,824

 

20,179

 

15,833

 

13,547

 

5,351

 

General and administrative expense

 

9,187

 

7,001

 

5,181

 

4,147

 

2,317

 

Restructuring and severance related expense

 

784

 

460

 

 

 

 

Sales and marketing expense

 

8,435

 

4,840

 

3,186

 

2,448

 

1,722

 

Research and development expense

 

4,146

 

3,179

 

1,533

 

1,188

 

325

 

Stock compensation expense

 

1,269

 

2,679

 

14,676

 

3,284

 

 

In-process research and development expense

 

1,551

 

5,447

 

 

 

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,543

 

1,744

 

604

 

368

 

27

 

Operating income (loss)

 

1,641

 

(4,661

)

(10,438

)

1,196

 

2,412

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other  income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency gain (loss)

 

402

 

(99

)

(324

)

(48

)

21

 

Common stock warrant interest expense

 

 

 

(36,885

)

(29,694

)

(1,379

)

Interest income (expense), net

 

341

 

1,352

 

(756

)

(657

)

(210

)

Amortization of deferred financing costs

 

 

 

(153

)

(63

)

 

Other

 

(36

)

(10

)

45

 

(17

)

10

 

Other income (expense), net

 

707

 

1,243

 

(38,073

)

(30,479

)

(1,558

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income (Loss) before income taxes

 

2,348

 

(3,418

)

(48,511

)

(29,283

)

854

 

Income taxes

 

(1,611

)

1,790

 

1,359

 

137

 

783

 

Net income (loss)

 

737

 

(5,208

)

(49,870

)

(29,420

)

71

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

 

(136

)

(157

)

(122

)

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

737

 

$

(5,208

)

$

(50,006

)

$

(29,577

)

$

(51

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

$

(0.01

)

Diluted

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

$

(0.01

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

27,090,054

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

5,598,626

 

Diluted

 

27,597,564

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

5,598,626

 

 

16



 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

1998

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance Sheet Data:

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

15,313

 

$

29,385

 

$

35,817

 

$

2,396

 

$

957

 

Working capital

 

31,816

 

32,597

 

40,552

 

3,783

 

2,205

 

Total assets

 

107,584

 

82,362

 

58,809

 

20,610

 

7,220

 

Long-term debt , net of current portion

 

400

 

637

 

1

 

5,073

 

638

 

Preferred stock

 

 

 

 

2,500

 

1,500

 

Common stock warrants

 

 

 

 

31,194

 

1,500

 

Stockholders’ equity (deficit)

 

88,381

 

66,812

 

52,335

 

(25,711

)

678

 


Please see Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on businesses acquired, which may effect the comparability of the amounts above.

 

15Please see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the effects of adopting SFAS No. 142.

Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

Statement of Operations Data:

 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter

 

Second Quarter

 

Third Quarter

 

Fourth Quarter

 

Fiscal Year

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2002:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

$

11,963

 

$

13,729

 

$

12,797

 

$

18,891

 

$

57,380

 

Operating expenses

 

10,781

 

12,244

 

12,549

 

20,165

 

55,739

 

Net Income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

773

 

1,018

 

(82

)

(972

)

737

 

Income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.03

 

$

0.04

 

$

0.00

 

$

(0.03

)

$

0.03

 

Diluted

 

$

0.03

 

$

0.04

 

$

0.00

 

$

(0.03

)

$

0.03

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2001:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

$

8,607

 

$

9,711

 

$

10,643

 

$

11,907

 

$

40,868

 

Operating expenses

 

8,089

 

15,032

 

10,619

 

11,789

 

45,529

 

Net Income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

272

 

(5,365

)

319

 

(434

)

(5,208

)

Income (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.01

 

$

(0.21

)

$

0.01

 

$

(0.02

)

$

(0.20

)

Diluted

 

$

0.01

 

$

(0.21

)

$

0.01

 

$

(0.02

)

$

(0.20

)

17



 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

The following section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contains statements that are not statements of historical fact and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Federal securities laws.  These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.  These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties.  We discuss many of these risks in detail under the heading “Important Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results” beginning on page 25.30.  You should carefully review all of these factors, as well as the comprehensive discussion of forward-looking statements on page 2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Overview

 

We are a providerglobal developer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative, enabling tools fora broad range of specialized products, primarily scientific instruments, used to accelerate drug discovery research at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government research laboratories.laboratories worldwide. We focussell our products to thousands of researchers in 100 countries though our direct sales force, our 1,000 page catalog and several other specialty catalogs, and through our distributors, including Amersham Biosciences and PerkinElmer. We have sales and manufacturing operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Belgium with sales facilities in Japan, France and Canada.

Our strategy is to have a broad range of specialized products, primarily scientific instruments, in niche markets focused on criticalthe bottlenecks in the drug discovery process - target validation, assay development and ADMET screening.  Our ADMET screening products enable our customers to test drug candidates to determine their absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicology properties prior to conducting costly clinical trials.research.

 

By having a broad product line we seek to reduce the risk of being dependent on a single technology in an industry characterized by very rapid technological change and

By having specialized products in niche markets we seek to avoid head-to-head competition with the major instrument companies.

New products are an important element in driving our growth.  Our new products are either invented by us or acquired from other companies. Acquisitions are thus a core part of our growth strategy.  We use acquisitions to expand our product line because we believe we can use our well-established brands and distribution channels to accelerate the growth of acquired products.

These products are marketed and sold through one of our three well-established global distribution channels.  These are:

For products primarily priced under $10,000: the Harvard Apparatus catalog, a name respected for innovation and quality for over 100 years;

For well-established products primarily priced in the $5,000 to $35,000 range: distribution relationships with major life science companies such as Amersham Biosciences and PerkinElmer; and

For innovative products primarily priced over $25,000: our own global field sales force.

In providing tools for drug discovery, generally, we have established a significant base business and have achieved strong brand recognition through our sale of precision pumps, ventilators, tissue/organ systems, cell biology and electrophysiology products.recognition. Since 1996, we have built upon our base business and brand recognition by adding new technologies in the areas of target validation, assay developmentADMET screening; genomics, proteomics and ADMET screening. Specifically, we have acquired the following product lines, businesseshigh-throughput screening; molecular biology; and technologies:high-throughput/high-content screening  for model organisms.

 

In June 1998, we acquired products for cell injection systems from Medical Systems Corporation for $1.0 million in cash,

 

18



In February 1999, we acquired Biochrom Ltd., which develops and manufactures DNA/RNA/protein calculators, spectrophotometers, amino acid analyzers and related consumables in the United Kingdom, from Pharmacia Biotech (Biochrom) Ltd for $7.0 million in cash,

 

In March 1999, we entered into an exclusive license for the technology underlying our ScanTox™ in vitroin-vitro toxicology testing product for $25,000 in cash and ongoing royalties and licensing fee payments,

 

In September 1999, we acquired products for intracellular research from Clark Electromedical Instruments for $349,000 in cash,

 

In November 1999, we acquired our NaviCyte™ diffusion chamber systems product for drug absorption testing from a subsidiary of Trega Biosciences for $390,000 in cash and future royalties,

 

In November 1999, we acquired substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of Hugo Sachs Elektronik, consisting primarily of products for organ testing, for $730,000 in cash,

 

In May 2000, we acquired certain assets of Biotronik, consisting primarily of products for amino acid analysis, for $469,000 in cash,

 

In July 2000, we acquired substantially all the assets of AmiKa Corporation consisting of purification tips, spin columns, a 96 well drug binding assay and related technology and intellectual property for $3.1 million in cash,

 

In December 2000, we acquired substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of MitoScan Corporation, a company that produces tools for toxicity testing for $383,000 in cash and future milestone payments and royalties,

 

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In May 2001, we acquired substantially all the assets of Warner Instruments Corporation, a company that designs, produces and markets electro-physiology products for approximately $2.6$2.7 million in cash,

 

In May 2001, we acquired all the outstanding stock of Union Biometrica, Inc. for a combination of cash and stock of approximately $17.5 million.  Union Biometrica invented, developed and initiated marketing of COPAS™COPASTM, high throughput, high relevancehigh-throughput/ high-content model organism screening systems,

 

In June 2001, for cash of approximately $1.5$1.6 million, we acquired through Harvard Apparatus, Ltd., one of our United Kingdom subsidiaries, substantially all the assets of International Market Supply Ltd, a company that produces and markets anesthesiology products,

 

In November 2001, for cash of approximately $4.1 million, we acquired Scie-Plas Ltd. for its electrophoresis based sample preparation products, and

 

In December 2001, for cash of approximately $2.0 million, we acquired Asys Hitech GmbH for its plate readers and low volume liquid dispensers.dispensers,

In July 2002, we acquired all the outstanding stock of Walden Precision Apparatus (“WPA”) for cash of approximately $1.4 million.  WPA designs, manufactures and markets low cost diode-array spectrophotometers.

In October 2002, we acquired all the outstanding stock of Genomic Solutions, Inc. for a combination of cash and stock of approximately $26.3 million.  Genomic Solutions develops, manufactures and sells products in the fields of proteomics, high-throughput screening and DNA microarray systems including products for protein sample preparation and analysis in conjunction with mass spectrometry; high-speed, noncontact assay preparation for high-throughput screening and high-fidelity microarray processing and analysis.

In January 2003, we acquired substantially all the assets of the BTX division of Genetronics Biomedical Corporation for $3.7 million in cash.  BTX designs, develops, manufactures and distributes electroporation products.

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In March 2003, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Genomic Instrumentation Services, d/b/a/ GeneMachines for approximately $8.1 million in cash.  GeneMachines designs, develops, manufactures and distributes high-throughput instrumentation for DNA and protein microarray production, nucleic acid sample preparation and DNA synthesis.

 

Revenues.  We generate revenues by selling instruments, devices and consumables through our catalog, our direct sales force, our distributors and our website. EveryFor products primarily under $10,000, every one to three years, we intend to distribute a new, comprehensive catalog initially in a series of bulk mailings, first to our existing customers, followed by mailings to targeted markets of potential customers. Over the life of the catalog, distribution will also be made periodically to potential and existing customers through direct mail and trade shows and in response to telephone inquiries. From time to time, we also intend to distribute catalog supplements that promote selected areas of our catalog or new products to targeted subsets of our customer base. Future distributions of our comprehensive catalog and our catalog supplements will be determined primarily by the incidence of new product introductions, which cannot be predicted. Our customers are end user research scientists at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government laboratories. Revenue from catalog sales in any period is a function of time elapsed since the last mailing of the catalog, the number of catalogs mailed and the number of new items included in the catalog.

For our higher priced products, generally those priced over $25,000, we have direct sales organizations which consist of sales and marketing personnel, customer support, technical support and field application service support.  These organizations have been structured to attend to the specific needs associated with the promotion and support of higher priced capital equipment customers.  The combined expertise of both our sales and technical support staff provide a balanced skill set when promoting the relevant products at seminars, on site demonstrations and exhibitions which are done routinely.  The expertise of our field service personnel provides complete post sale customer support for both instrument specific diagnostics, repair and maintenance, and applications support.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2001,2002, approximately 82%86% of our revenues were derived from products we manufacture or from collaboration and research grant projects. The remaining 18%14% of our revenues were derived from complementary products we distribute in order to provide the researcher with a single source for all equipment needed to conduct a particular experiment. For the year ended December 31, 2001,2002, approximately 57%45% of our revenues were derived through catalog sales and through reference to our website, which is an electronic version of our catalog. We do not currently have the capability to accept purchase orders through our website. For the year ended December 31, 2001,2002, approximately 60%59% of our revenues were derived from sales made by our non-U.S. operations. A majoritylarge portion of our international sales during this period consisted of sales to Amersham Biosciences, the distributor for our spectrophotometers amino acid analyzers and plate readers. Amersham Biosciences distributes these products to customers around the world from its distribution center in Upsalla, Sweden, including to many customers located in the United States. As a result, we believe our international sales would have been less as a percentage of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 20012002 if we had shipped our products directly to our end users.

 

Cost of product revenues.  Cost of product revenues includes material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs, obsolescence charges, packaging costs, warranty costs, shipping costs and royalties. Our costs of product revenues  may vary over time based on the mix of products sold. We sell products that we manufacture and products that we purchase from third parties. The products that we purchase from third parties have higher cost of goods sold because the profit is effectively shared with the original manufacturer. We anticipate that our manufactured products will continue to have a lower cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues as compared with the cost of non-manufactured products for the foreseeable future.

 

General and administrative expense.  General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, information technology and human relations functions. Other costs include facility costs, professional fees for legal and accounting services, insurances and provision for doubtful accounts.

 

Sales and marketing expense.  Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel in sales, marketing and customer support functions. We also incur costs for travel, trade shows, demonstration

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equipment, public relations and marketing materials, consisting primarily of the printing and distribution of our 1,000 page catalog, supplements and supplements,various other specialty catalogs, and the maintenance of our web sites. We may from time to time expand our marketing efforts by employing additional technical marketing

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specialists in an effort to increase sales of selected categories of products in our catalog.  We may also from time to time expand our direct sales organizations in an effort to increase and or support sales of our higher priced capital equipment instruments.

 

Research and development expense.  Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel and capital resources used to develop and enhance our products and to support collaboration agreements. Other research and development expense includes fees paid to consultants and outside service providers, and material costs for prototype and test units. We expense research and development costs as incurred. We believe that significant investment in product development is a competitive necessity and plan to continue to make these investments in order to realize the potential of new technologies that we develop, license or acquire.

Stock compensation expense.  Stock compensation expense resulting from stock option grants to our employees represents the difference between the fair market value and the exercise price of the stock options on the grant date for those options considered fixed awards.  Stock compensation expense is also recorded for stock option grants that were considered variable awards because the number of shares to be acquired by employees was indeterminable at the date of grant. Stock compensation on fixed and variable awards is amortized as a charge to operations over the vesting period of the options.

 

Common stock warrant interest expense.  On March 15, 1996, in connection with the issuance of redeemable preferred stock and subordinated debentures, 8,509,905 common stock warrants were issued. The related common stock warrant interest expense represented an accrual of a liability to warrant holders that would have required us to pay cash equal to the fair market value of the warrants in exchange for the warrants, or any common stock from the exercise of the warrants, beginning March 15, 2002.  Effective with our initial public offering of common stock in December 2000, the warrants were exercised for common stock and, as a result, the right to be paid cash terminated.

 

Our business has historically been affected by a number of factors that cause revenue and earnings to vary from quarter to quarter, including catalog mailings, new product introductions, and our substantial European business, which in summer months defers purchases and acquisitions. As a result, we believe that revenue and earnings in one quarter of the year may not be indicative of revenue and earnings in a subsequent quarter.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

Our critical accounting policies are as follows:

valuation of identifiable intangible assets and in process research and development in business combinations;

valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill;

accounting for income taxes;

revenue recognitionrecognition; and

inventory.

 

Valuation of identifiable intangible assets in business combinations.  Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of trademarks assembled workforce, and acquired technology.  Such intangible assets arise from the allocation of the purchase price of businesses acquired to identifiable intangible assets based on their respective fair market value.  Amounts assigned to such identifiable intangible assets are primarily based on independent appraisals using established valuation techniques.techniques and management estimates.  The value assigned to trademarks was determined by estimating the royalty income that would be negotiated at an arm’s-length transaction if the asset were licensed from a third party.  A discount factor, ranging from 28.5%25% to 31.5%, which represents both the business and financial risks of such investments, was used to determine the present value of the future streams of income attributable to trademarks.  The specific approach used to value trademarks was the Relief from Royalty (“RFR”) method.  The RFR method assumes that an intangible asset is valuable because the owner of the asset avoids the cost of licensing that asset.  The royalty savings are then calculated by multiplying a royalty rate times a determined royalty base, i.e., the applicable level of future revenues.  In determining an appropriate royalty rate, a sample of guideline, arm’s length royalty and licensing agreements are analyzed.  In determining the royalty base, forecasts are used based on management’s judgments of expected conditions and expected courses of actions.  Assembled workforce was valued by estimating the current cost necessary to create a similar replacement workforce including costs to recruit, hire and train.  The value assigned to acquired technology was determined by using a discounted cash flow model which measures what a buyer would be willing to pay currently for the future cash stream potential of existing technology.  The specific method used to value the technologies involved estimating future cash flows to be derived as a direct result of those technologies, and discounting those future streams to their present value. 

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The discount factors used, ranging from 33.5%25% to 36%,  reflects the business and financial risks of an investment in

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technologies.  Forecasts of future cash flows are based on managements’ judgment of expected conditions and expected courses of action.

 

Valuation of in-process research and development in business combinations.  Purchase price allocation to in-process research and development represents the estimated fair value of research and development projects that are reasonably believed to have no alternative future use.  The value assigned to in-process research and development was determined by independent appraisalappraisals by estimating the cost to develop the purchased in-process research and development into commercially feasible products, estimating the percentage of completion at the acquisition date, estimating the resulting net risk-adjusted cash flows from the projects and discounting the net cash flows to their present value.  The discount rates used in determining the in processin-process research and development expenditureexpenditures reflects a higher risk of investment because of the higher level of uncertainty due in part to the nature of the Company and the industry to constantly develop new technology for future product releases and ranged from 37.5%25% to 43.5%.  The forecasts used by the Company in valuing in-process research and development were based on assumptions the Company believes to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable.  Given the uncertainties of the development process, no assurance can be given that deviations from the Company’s estimates will occur and no assurance can be given that the in-process research and development projects identified will ever reach either technological or commercial success.  The amounts allocated in 2001 to in-process research and development in 2002 and 2001 of $1,551,000 and $5,447,000, respectively, were expensed as of the acquisition dates.

Valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill.  In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 121, 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed OfAssets”, we assess the impairment of identifiable intangibles with finite lives and long-lived assets and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.  Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include the following: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant changes in who our competitors are and what they do; significant changes in our relationship with Amersham Biosciences; significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and our market capitalization relative to net book value.

 

If we were to determine that the value of long-lived assets intangibles and goodwill wereidentifiable intangible assets with finite lives was not recoverable based on the existence of one or more of the aforementioned factors, then the recoverability of those assets to be held and used iswould be measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an assetthose assets to undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by an asset.those assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized iswould be measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to dispose.

 

In June 2001, SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill“Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” was issued. SFAS No. 142 addresses financial accounting and reporting for acquired goodwill and other intangible assets.  Among other things, SFAS No. 142 requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be amortized, but rather tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment.  Accordingly,The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the Company’s reporting units with their carrying amount.  If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the Company adoptedis required to perform the second step of the impairment test, as this is an indication that goodwill may be impaired.  The impairment loss is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its carrying amount.  If the carrying amount exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess.  After an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of the intangible asset shall be its new accounting basis.  Subsequent reversal of a previously recognized impairment loss is prohibited.  In accordance with SFAS No. 142, on January 1, 2002 and will cease to recognize approximately $1.5 million of goodwill amortization expense in 2002.  At December 31, 2001, the Company has goodwill and intangibles with indefinite future lives of approximately $24 million on its consolidated balance sheet.  In lieu of amortization, we arewere required to perform an initial impairment review of our goodwill in 2002 and an annual impairment review thereafter.  We expect to complete our initial review duringeffective January 1, 2002.  During the second quarter of 2002.2002, the Company completed the implementation impairment review.  The review concluded there was no impairment of goodwill at the time of implementation. On December 31, 2002, the Company performed its annual impairment test, which did not indicate any impairment.

 

Accounting for income taxes.  We are required to estimatedetermine our annual  income tax expenseprovision in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate.  This involves us estimatingdetermining our current and deferred income tax expense as well as accounting for differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their

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respective tax bases.  The future tax consequences attributable to these differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balances sheets.balance sheet.  We must assess the recoverability of the deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  To the extent we believe that recovery does not meet this “more likely than not” standard as required in SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, we must establish a valuation allowance.  If a valuation allowance is established or increased in a period, we must allocate the related income tax expense to income from continuing operations in the consolidated statement of operations to the extent those deferred tax assets originated from continuing operations.  To the extent a valuation is attributable to income tax benefits are allocated to shareholders’stockholders’ equity, the related valuation allowance also must be allocated accordingly to stockholders’ equity.

 

Management judgment is required in determining our income tax provision, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets.  At December 31, 2001,2002, we have not established a

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valuation allowance attributable to certain acquisition-related temporary differences as we believe that a portion of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 20012002 will morenot meet the “more likely than not be realizednot” standard for realization in the carryback and carryforward periods based on the criteria set forth in SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. We will review the recoverability of deferred tax assets during each reporting period.  For a further discussion of income taxes see note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Revenue recognition. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales generally upon shipment or installation, if applicable, provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, collectability is reasonably assured and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer.  The Company has no obligations to customers after the date products are shipped or installed, if applicable, other than pursuant to warranty obligations.  The Company provides for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition of the related revenue.  The Company provides for the estimated amount of future returns upon shipment of products or installation, if applicable, based on historical experience. While product returns and warranty costs have historically not been significant, they have been within our expectations and the provisions established, however, there is no assurance that we will continue to experience the same return rates and warranty repair costs that we have in the past. Any significant increase in product return rates or a significant increase in the cost to repair our products could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such returns or increased costs materialize.  The Company makes estimates evaluating its allowance for doubtful accounts. TheOn an ongoing basis, the Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have historically not been significant, they have been within our expectations and the provisions established, however, there is no assurance that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of our customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of our accounts receivable and our future operating results.

 

Inventory.  The Company values its inventory at the lower of the actual cost to purchase (first-in, first-out method) and/or manufacture the inventory or the current estimated market value of the inventory. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a provision to write down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value if less than cost, based primarily on its estimated forecast of product.product demand. Since forecasted product demand quite often is a function of previous and current demand, a significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the charges for excess inventory quantities on hand. In addition, the Company’s industry is subject to technological change and new product development, and technological advances could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on hand. Therefore, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Company’s inventory and its reported operating results.

 

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2001

Revenues.  Revenues increased $16.5 million, or 40%, to $57.4 million in 2002 from $40.9 million in 2001. Approximately $11.3 million of the $16.5 million increase, or 68%, represented the base revenues, (the revenue stream of an acquired company prior to acquisition), for the acquisitions made in 2002 and the full year effect of base revenues from acquisitions made in 2001.  The balance of the increase was from the leveraged growth in acquisitions

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and from existing businesses that introduced new products.  Revenues for 2002 would have been approximately $56.2 million if our sales denominated in foreign currencies were translated into U.S. dollars using 2001 exchange rates, an increase of 37% over 2001.

Cost of product revenues.  Cost of product revenues increased $8.6 million, or 43%, to $28.8 million in 2002 from $20.2 million in 2001. As a percentage of product revenues, cost of product revenues for 2002 was higher by 0.7 % compared to 2001 due to the additional cost of product revenues for fair value adjustments made to inventory and backlog acquired in connection with the acquisition of Genomic Solutions and sold prior to December 31, 2002.  Without this additional expense of $514,000, the cost of product revenues as a percent of product revenues would have been the same as it was for 2001.  A significant portion of the expenses associated with collaboration revenue is included in research and development expense.

General and administrative expense.  General and administrative expense increased $2.2 million, or 31%, to $9.2 million in 2002 from $7.0 million in 2001 due primarily to acquisitions.  A portion of the increase, $1.8 million or 82%, is due to the effects of our 2002 acquisitions and our 2001 acquisitions having a full year impact on 2002 spending compared to a partial year impact in 2001.  The balance of the increase in spending over 2001 of approximately $400,000 was due primarily to increases in expenses such as insurance, professional legal and audit services, and salaries and related costs.   As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expense decreased from 17% in 2001 to 16% in 2002.

Restructuring and severance related expenses.  During 2002 we incurred a charge of $784,000 related to restructurings at our Union Biometrica (“UBI”) and Biochrom subsidiaries.  The restructuring at UBI was due to the lack of strong revenue growth to support its infrastructure.  The restructuring charges associated with UBI in 2002 totaled approximately $310,000 and consisted of $166,000 in lease buyout costs for excess and unused space, and $144,000 in personnel severance and related costs.  As planned when we completed the acquisition of Walden Precision Apparatus (“WPA”) in July 2002, the operations of WPA were moved into the Biochrom facility in the third quarter of 2002.  As part of this consolidation, we eliminated duplicative positions in our Biochrom and WPA operations and reduced facility costs.  This resulted in a $474,000 restructuring charge in 2002, which consisted entirely of severance and related costs related to existing Biochrom employees.  During 2001, severance packages totaling $298,000 including related costs, were negotiated for the President of UBI and for the Chief Scientific Officer of UBI.  Both the President and Chief Scientific Officer were executives of UBI prior to our acquisition of UBI, and the President was the majority shareholder prior to the acquisition.  The termination of their employment resulted in an additional expense of $162,000 related to the intangible asset recorded at the date of acquisition for in place work force.

Sales and marketing expense.  Sales and marketing expense increased $3.6 million, or 74%, to $8.4 million in 2002 from $4.8 million in 2001 due primarily to acquisitions.  Excluding the effect of acquisitions made during 2001 and 2002 of $3.2 million, sales and marketing expense grew $397,000, or 8%, due primarily to the addition of sales, customer and technical support personnel to support the direct distribution of certain of our Biochrom products.  As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expense was 15% in 2002 compared to 12% in 2001. We expect sales and marketing expense to continue to increase reflecting the continued addition of sales and marketing personnel to promote technology acquired in 2001 as well as to expand our distribution channels.

Research and development expense.  Research and development spending was $4.1 million in 2002, $1.7 million of which was related to businesses acquired in 2001 and 2002.  Excluding this $1.7 million, spending in 2002 was approximately $2.4 million, a decrease of approximately $770,000 from spending in 2001.  This decrease was due to several factors including the timing of project spending, the amount of spending related to collaboration revenues, and the restructuring of our Union Biometrica subsidiary during the year.  As a percentage of revenues, research and development was 7% in 2002 compared to 8% in 2001.

In-process research and development expense.  As of the date of the acquisitions in 2002 of Genomic Solutions and in 2001 of Warner Instruments and Union Biometrica, we recorded $1.6 million, $159,000 and $5.3 million respectively of in-process research and development expense representing the estimated fair value of acquired research and development projects with no alternative future use.

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Stock compensation expense.  We recorded $1.3 million of stock compensation expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2002. We will recognize approximately $550,000 of additional expense over the remaining vesting life of the options. In 2001, we recorded stock compensation expense of approximately $2.7 million in connection with the grant of stock options to employees.

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles.  Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles, including amortization of acquired technology, was $1.5 million in 2002 and $1.7 million in 2001.  As a result of fully adopting SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”  we did not record any amortization of goodwill or other indefinite lived intangibles in 2002.  For acquisitions subsequent to June 30, 2001, no amortization expense for goodwill or indefinite lived intangibles was recorded during 2001.  If this adoption had been made at the beginning of 2001, amortization expense would have been approximately $654,000 for 2001 compared to the $1.5 million recorded in 2002.  This increase of approximately $850,000 was the result of amortizing definite lived intangible assets related to our acquisitions in 2002 and the full year effect of amortization of definite lived intangible assets associated with our 2001 acquisitions.

Other income (expense), net.  Other income, net, was $707,000 in 2002 compared to $1.2 million in 2001.  Net interest income for 2002 was $341,000 compared to $1.4 million in 2001.  Net interest income for 2002 and 2001 was the result of interest earned on the proceeds from our December 2000 initial public offering and the underwriters exercise of the over allotment in January 2001.  The decline in net interest income in 2002 compared to 2001 was due to lower interest rates in 2002, and lower available cash balances in 2002.  This reduction in cash balances was the result of using cash, both in 2001 and 2002, to fund acquisitions.  Other income for 2002 also includes a favorable foreign currency gain of $402,000 compared to an unfavorable currency loss of $100,000 in 2001.  Effective January 1, 2002, certain debt between us and our foreign subsidiaries is now treated as a long-term investment rather than as debt with repayment expected in the foreseeable future (as it was previously treated.)  Accordingly, in 2002 we did not record a foreign currency gain adjustment in our consolidated statement of operations related to this intercompany debt.  Instead, we recorded the effect of the exchange rate fluctuation as a currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity (deficit).  The currency translation adjustment recorded in other comprehensive income in connection with this intercompany debt in 2002 was a gain of $1,000,000.  In 2001, the foreign currency gain reflected in the income statement related to this intercompany debt was approximately $116,000.

Income taxes.  The Company’s effective income tax rates were 35% for 2002 and 37% for 2001 notwithstanding the effects of the nondeductible in-process research and development charges for 2002 and 2001, certain stock compensation expense for 2002 and 2001 and certain amortization of goodwill and intangibles for 2001. The decrease in the income tax rate was principally due to the adoption of SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which eliminates amortization of goodwill and certain intangibles deemed to have an indefinite life.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2001 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2000

 

Revenues.  Revenues increased $10.3 million, or 34%, to $40.9 million in 2001 from $30.6 million in 2000. Approximately $4.0 million of the $10.3 million increase, or 39%, represented the base revenues revenues(the revenue stream of an acquired company prior to acquisition,acquisition) for the acquisitions made in 2001 and the full period effect of base revenues from acquisitions made in 2000.  The balance of the increase was from existing businesses that introduced new products including new lines of spectrophotometers and plate readers and from the leveraged growth in acquisitions.  Revenues for 2001 would have been approximately $42.0 million if our sales denominated in foreign currencies were translated into U.S. dollars using 2000 exchange rates, an increase of 37% over 2000.

 

Cost of product revenues.  Cost of product revenues increased $4.3 million, or 27%, to $20.2 million in 2001 from $15.8 million in 2000. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of product revenues for 2001 was lower by 2.4 % compared to 2000 due to a combination of product mix and collaboration revenue.  A significant portion of the expenses associated with collaboration revenue is included in research and development expense.

 

General and administrative expense.  General and administrative expense increased $1.8 million, or 35%, to $7.0 million in 2001 from $5.2 million in 2000 due primarily to acquisitions.  Excluding the general and administrative spending from the acquisitions, general and administrative expense increased $0.7 million, or 14%, due to the full period effect of the additional costs associated with public company status, additional headcount to support expanding

25



operations, and legal expense in connection with the suit against us by Harvard University (see “Factors Affecting Future Operating Results”).University.  As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expense remained constant at approximately 17%.

Restructuring and Severance Related Expenses.  During 2001, severance packages were negotiated totaling $298,000 including related costs, for the President and Chief Scientific Officer of Union Biometrica (“UBI”), both executives of UBI prior to the acquisition of UBI; the President being the majority shareholder and seller.  The termination of their employment resulted in an additional expense of $162,000 related to the intangible asset recorded at the date of acquisition for in place work force.

 

Sales and marketing expense.  Sales and marketing expense increased $1.7 million, or 52%, to $4.8 million in 2001 from $3.2 million in 2000 due primarily to acquisitions.  Excluding the effect of acquisitions, sales and marketing expense grew $244,000, or 8%, due primarily to the addition of customer and technical support personnel as a result of our growing customer base and revenues.  As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expense was 12% in 2001 compared to 10% in 2000. This increasing percentage reflects the continued addition of sales and marketing personnel to promote technology acquired in 2000 and 2001.

 

Research and development expense.  Research and development spending was $3.2 million in 2001, $1.8 million of which resulted from 2001 acquisitions.  Excluding the acquired research and development programs,this $1.8 million , spending in 2001 was approximately $1.4 million, basically unchanged from spending in 2000.  As a percentage of revenues, research and development was 8% in 2001 compared to 5% in 2000.  This higher level resulted primarily from the acquisition of Union Biometrica, which, as an early stage commercial technology company, spends a higher percentage of revenues on research and development than our traditional businesses.   The Union Biometrica acquisition is expected to result in research and development spending at a higher level as a percentage of revenues than we have traditionally experienced.

 

In-process research and development expense.  As of the date of the acquisitions of Warner Instruments and Union Biometrica, we recorded $159,000 and $5.3 million respectively of in-process research and development expense representing the estimated fair value of acquired research and development projects with no alternative future use.

 

Stock compensation expense.  We recorded $2.7 million of stock compensation expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2001. We will recognize approximately $2.0 million of additional expense over the remaining vesting life of the options. In 2000, we recorded stock compensation expense of approximately $4.7 million in connection with the grant of stock options to employees and we recorded $10.0 million of non-recurring stock compensation expense in connection with options granted in 1996 and 1999.

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles.  Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles, including amortization of acquired technology, was $1.7 million in 2001 and $604,000 in 2000. This increase of $1.1 million was

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the result of amortizing additional goodwill and other intangibles incurred in connection with our acquisitions in 2001 and the full year effect of our 2000 acquisitions.

 

Other income (expense), net.  Other income, net, was $1.2 million in 2001 compared to other expense, net, of $38.1 million in 2000.  In 2000, other expense, net, included a non-cash charge for common stock warrant interest expense of $36.9 million. Common stock warrant interest expense represents the difference between the fair value of common stock warrants for financial reporting purposes and their exercise price. This liability represented the right of warrant holders to require us to pay cash equal to the fair market value of the warrants in exchange for the warrants, or any common stock from the exercise of the warrants, beginning March 15, 2002. Effective with our initial public offering in December 2000, the warrants were exercised for common stock and the right to be paid cash terminated. The liability previously recorded became part of common stock and additional-paid-in capital.  Net interest income for 2001 was $1.4 million compared to net interest expense of $756,000 in 2000.  Net interest income for 2001 was the result of interest earned on the proceeds from our December 2000 initial public offering and the underwriters exercise of the over allotment in January 2001.  The 2000 net interest expense resulted primarily from debt, which was incurred to finance acquisitions, partially offset by interest income on proceeds from the initial public offering.  Foreign currency loss in 2001 decreased approximately $225,000 to $100,000 due primarily to a decline in dollar denominated debt in foreign subsidiaries and to less unfavorable exchange rates during 2001.

 

Income taxes.  The Company’s effective income tax rates were 37% for 2001 and 36% for 2000 not withstanding the effects of the nondeductible in-process research and development charges for 2001, certain stock compensation

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expense and certain amortization of goodwill and intangibles for 2001 and 2000, and common stock warrant interest expense for 2000. The increase in the income tax rate was principally due to increased taxable income in jurisdictions that have higher statutory income tax rates, primarily in Germany.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2000 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1999

Revenues.  Revenues increased $4.4 million, or 17%, to $30.6 million in 2000 from $26.2 million in 1999. Approximately $2.2 million of the $4.4 million increase, or 50%, was attributable to the full period effect of revenues from the acquisition of our Hugo Sachs subsidiary in November 1999.  Approximately $1.9 million of the increase was from existing business revenue growth and the balance was from product line acquisitions made in the second half of 1999. Revenues for 2000 would have been approximately $31.8 million if our sales denominated in foreign currencies were translated into U.S. dollars using 1999 exchange rates, an increase of 22% over 1999.

Cost of product revenues.  Cost of product revenues increased $2.3 million, or 17%, to $15.8 million in 2000 from $13.5 million in 1999. As a percentage of revenues, cost of product revenues was virtually unchanged for 2000 compared to 1999.

General and administrative expense.  General and administrative expense increased $1.0 million, or 25%, to $5.2 million in 2000 from $4.2 million in 1999 due primarily to increased headcount and additional expenses related to being a public company as well as the full period effect of the Biochrom subsidiary which was acquired in February 1999.  As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expense increased to 17% in 2000 from 16% in 1999.

Sales and marketing expense.  Sales and marketing expense increased $737,000, or 30%, to $3.2 million in 2000 from $2.5 million in 1999. The increase was primarily due to additional sales and marketing expenses incurred in acquired businesses and to a lesser extent the addition of marketing personnel and additional catalog costs. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expense was 10% in 2000 compared to 9% in 1999. This increasing percentage reflected the addition of marketing personnel to promote newly acquired technology.

Research and development expense.  Research and development spending increased $345,000, or 29%, to $1.5 million in 2000 from $1.2 million in 1999. The increase in research and development expense resulted from additional research and development expenses incurred in acquired businesses, spending on product enhancement and new product development, primarily on ScanTox in vitro toxicology testing and other core technology. As a percentage of revenues, research and development expense was 5% in each of 2000 and 1999.

Stock compensation expense.  We recorded $14.7 million of stock compensation expense in  2000. In connection with the grant of stock options to employees in 2000, we recorded stock compensation expense of approximately $4.7 million  In addition, in 2000, we also recorded $10.0 million of non-recurring stock compensation expense in connection with

21



options granted in 1996 and 1999. In 1999, we recorded $3.3 million of stock compensation expense related to these 1996 and 1999 option grants.

Amortization of goodwill.  Amortization of goodwill was $604,000 in 2000 and $368,000 in 1999. This increase of $236,000, or 64%, was the result of amortizing additional goodwill incurred in connection with our acquisitions in 2000 and the full year effect of our 1999 acquisitions.

Other expense, net.  Other expense, net, was $38.1 million in 2000 compared to $30.5 million in 1999. Other expense, net, included a non-cash charge for common stock warrant interest expense of $36.9 million in 2000 and $29.7 million

in 1999. Common stock warrant interest expense represents the difference between the fair value of the common stock warrants for financial reporting purposes and their exercise price. This liability represented the right of warrant holders to require us to pay cash equal to the fair market value of the warrants in exchange for the warrants, or any common stock from the exercise of the warrants, beginning March 15, 2002. Effective with our initial public offering in December 2000, the warrants were exercised for common stock and the right to be paid cash terminated. The liability previously recorded became part of common stock and additional-paid-in capital. Net interest expense increased $100,000, or 15%, to $756,000 in 2000 from $656,000 in 1999. The increase resulted primarily from higher debt balances in 2000, which were incurred to finance acquisitions, partially offset by interest income on proceeds from the initial public offering.  Foreign currency loss increased $276,000 to $324,000 due primarily to dollar denominated debt in a foreign subsidiary and more unfavorable exchange rates in 2000.

Income taxes.  The Company’s effective income tax rates were 36% for 2000 and 33% for 1999 notwithstanding the impact of common stock warrant interest expense, certain stock compensation expense and certain amortization of goodwill and other intangibles which is not deductible for income tax purposes. The increase in the rate was principally due to increased taxable income in certain foreign jurisdictions that have higher statutory income tax rates, primarily in Germany.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Historically, we have financed our business through cash provided by operating activities, the issuance of common stock, preferred stock, and bank borrowings. Our liquidity requirements have arisen primarily from investing activities, including funding of acquisitions, payments on outstanding indebtedness, research and development expenditures, and capital expenditures. As of December 31, 2001,2002, we had cash and cash equivalents of $29.4$15.3 million. Since 1996, we have raised $65.0$72.5 million, consisting of $2.5$3.0 million of preferred and common stock issued in private placements or upon exercise of stock options and warrants, $11.7$17.7 million of debt and $51.8 million from issuance of common stock in our initial public offering in December 2000 and the subsequent exercise of the underwriters over allotment in January 2001. Upon receipt of the initial public offering proceeds on December 12, 2000, we repaid all existing debt and redeemed all outstanding preferred stock.  Included in the $17.7 million of debt raised are the proceeds from the $6.0 million bridge loan entered into in March 2003.

On March 12, 2003, we entered into an agreement with Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. for a $6.0 million bridge loan in the form of a demand promissory note to partially fund the acquisition of GeneMachines.  We are currently negotiating a $12.0 million (which will include the amount of the bridge loan) revolving credit facility which would, if implemented, be available to fund future acquisitions and for working capital purposes.

 

Our operating activities generated cash of $ 799,000 in 2002, $4.1 million in 2001 and $2.1 million in 2000 and $2.9 million in 1999.2000.  For all periods presented, operating cash flows were primarily due to operating results, including the full-year effect of acquisitions prior to non-cash charges, partially offset by working capital requirements.   WorkingDuring 2002, Genomic Solutions required approximately $3.0 million in cash to fund working capital requirementsneeds primarily as a result of the liabilities that were affected by acquisitions, which increased accounts receivable and inventory carrying amounts partially offset by increased amounts in accounts payable and accrued expenses.assumed as part of the acquisition.

 

Our investing activities used cash of $12.8 million in 2002, $20.2 million in 2001, and $5.3 million in 2000 and $8.5 million in 1999.2000.  Cash has been used in the following technology and business acquisitions:

 

$9.7 million for Genomic Solutions in October 2002,

$2.01.2 million for Walden Precision Apparatus Ltd. in July 2002,

$1.8 million for Asys Hitech GmbH in December 2001,

 

$4.13.7 million for Scie-Plas Ltd. in November 2001,

 

$1.6 million for IMSInternational Market Supply in June 2001,

 

$7.5 million for Union Biometrica, Inc. in May 2001,

 

$2.7 million for Warner Instruments Corporation in May 2001,

 

22



$383,000 for substantially all the assets of MitoScan Corporation in December 2000,

 

$3.1 million for substantially all the assets of AmiKa Corporation in July 2000,

 

$469,000 for Biotronik’s amino acid analysis systems business in May 2000,

 

$390,000 forIn addition, subsequent to December 31, 2002, we have used cash in the NaviCyte diffusion chamber systems product line in November 1999,following acquisitions.

 

$730,0003.7 million for Hugo Sachs Elektroniksubstantially all the assets of the BTX division of Genetronics Biomedical Corporation in November 1999,January 2003, and

 

27



$349,000 for intracellular research products from Clark Electromedical Instruments in September 1999 and

 

$7.08.1 million for Biochromsubstantially all of the assets of Genomic Instrumentation Services, d/b/a/ GeneMachines in February 1999.March 2003.

 

Our financing activities have historically consisted of borrowings under a revolving credit facility, long-term debt and the issuance of preferred stock and common stock, including the common stock issued in our initial public offering.  Financing activities used cash of $2.7 million in 2002 and provided cash of $9.7 million in 2001 and $36.5 million in 2000, and $7.02000.  During 2002, we used approximately $3.7 million in 1999.of cash to repay debt, which originated at the sellers request for the acquisition of SciePlas Ltd.  This was partially offset by proceeds from common stock issuances of approximately $1.1 million of which $886,000 was from the repayment of a note receivable from an officer.  Prior to 1999, we had historically generated sufficient cash flow from operations to fund expenditures on capital equipment, debt service, equity transactions, stock repurchases and preferred dividend payments. In 1999, in connection with the acquisition of Biochrom, we increased our long-term indebtedness by approximately $5.5 million and issued approximately $1.0 million in convertible preferred stock. As a result, the level of debt service required increased substantially compared to historical levels. Upon completion of the initial public offering in 2000, the convertible preferred stock was converted into common stock and we used $1.5 million of the offering proceeds to redeem our series A redeemable preferred stock and $10.4 million to repay the bank term loan, the subordinated debt and the revolving credit facility.

 

Our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary as a result of a number of factors. Based on our current operating plans, we expect that the remaining proceeds from our initial public offering andavailable cash, cash generated from current operations and debt capacity will be sufficient to finance operations and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future, however,at least 12 months.  However, we may use substantial amounts of capital to accelerate product development, expand our sales and marketing activities or make acquisitions. We may need to raise additional capital to the extent that we exhaust our available capital through these activities.  Additional capital raising activities may be dilutive todilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we raise capital by issuing equity securities. Moreover, additional capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising additional capital.

 

Disclosures about Contractual Obligations

 

The following schedule represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2001.2002.

 

 

Payments Due by Period

 

 

Payments Due by Period

 

Contractual Obligation

 

Total

 

2002

 

2003

 

2004

 

2005

 

2006

 

2007 and beyond

 

 

Total

 

2003

 

2004

 

2005

 

2006

 

2007

 

2008 and beyond

 

Long-term debt

 

$

4,333,174

 

$

3,821,390

 

$

511,784

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

Capital leases

 

242,737

 

91,113

 

77,733

 

36,381

 

18,032

 

19,478

 

 

Notes payable

 

$

871,532

 

$

573,180

 

$

298,352

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

Capital leases, including imputed interest

 

269,586

 

153,620

 

72,932

 

22,165

 

20,869

 

 

 

Operating leases

 

5,176,459

 

995,285

 

988,251

 

905,135

 

683,328

 

556,140

 

1,048,320

 

 

6,348,498

 

2,280,819

 

1,706,776

 

1,007,000

 

592,880

 

435,788

 

325,235

 

Total

 

$

9,752,370

 

$

4,907,788

 

$

1,577,768

 

$

941,516

 

$

701,360

 

$

575,618

 

$

1,048,320

 

 

$

7,489,616

 

$

3,007,619

 

$

2,078,060

 

$

1,029,165

 

$

613,749

 

$

435,788

 

$

325,235

 

 

Impact of Foreign Currencies

 

We sell our products in many countries and a substantial portion of our sales, costs and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies, especially the United Kingdom pound sterling and the Euro. For fiscal yearsDuring 2002 the U.S. dollar weakened against these currencies resulting in increased consolidated revenue and earnings growth, while in 2001, and 2000, the U.S. dollar strengthened against these currencies resulting in reduced consolidated revenue and earnings growth, as expressed in U.S. dollars as well as, resulting in reduced foreign equity as expressed in U.S. dollars.  For fiscal years 2001 and 2000,2002, the lossgain associated with the translation of foreign equity into U.S. dollars was approximately $235,000$2.5 million, and, $500,000 respectively.for 2001, the loss associated with the translation of

28



foreign equity into U.S. dollars was approximately $235,000. In addition, the currency fluctuations resulted in approximately $400,000 in foreign currency lossesgains in 2002, and in 2001 a foreign currency loss of approximately $100,000 in 2001 and $324,000 in 2000 related primarily to dollar denominated debt at our foreign subsidiaries.$100,000.

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Historically, we have not hedged our foreign currency position. Currently, we attempt to manage foreign currency risk through the matching of assets and liabilities. However, as our sales expand internationally, we plan to evaluate our currency risks and we may enter into foreign exchange contracts from time to time to mitigate foreign currency exposure.

 

Backlog

 

Our order backlog was approximately $5.6 million as of December 31, 2002 and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2001 and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2000.2001. We include in backlog only those orders for which we have received valid purchase orders. Purchase orders may be cancelled at any time prior to shipment. Our backlog as of any particular date may not be representative of actual sales for any succeeding period. We typically ship our backlog at any given time within 90 days.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2001, SFAS 141, “Business Combinations” was issued.  SFAS No. 141, which is effective for acquisitions initiated after June 30, 2001, prohibits the use of pooling of interests method of accounting for business combinations and amends the accounting and financial reporting requirements for business combinations accounted for by the purchase method.  SFAS No. 141 establishes the criteria that intangible assets acquired in a purchase method business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill.  The Company has adopted SFAS No. 141 for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001.  Goodwill and intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life acquired in a purchase business combination completed after June 30, 2001 will not be amortized, but will continue to be evaluated for impairment.  Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 will continue to be amortized and tested for impairment prior to the full adoption of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.

In June 2001, SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” was issued. SFAS No. 142, addresses financial accounting and reporting for acquired goodwill and other intangible assets.  Among other things, SFAS No. 142 requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be amortized, but rather tested annually for impairment.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001.  Accordingly, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142 on January 1, 2002 and will cease to recognize approximately $1.5 million of goodwill amortization expense in 2002.  At December 31, 2001, there was approximately $24 million of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives on the consolidated balance sheet.

In June 2001, SFAS No. 143, “Accounting“Accounting for AssetsAsset Retirement Obligations” was issued.  SFAS No. 143 applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of certain tangible long-lived assets.  This statementStatement is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002.  Accordingly, the Company will adopt SFAS No. 143 on January 1, 2003.  The Company does not expect that the adoption of this statementStatement will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In May 2002, SFAS No. 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections, was issuedSFAS No. 145 which is effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002 rescinds SFAS No. 4, Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt, SFAS No. 64, Extinguishments of Debt Made to Satisfy Sinking-FundRequirements, and SFAS No. 44, Accounting for Intangible Assets of Motor Carriers. This Statement also amends SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases, to eliminate an inconsistency between the required accounting for sale-leaseback transactions. This Statement also amends other existing authoritative pronouncements to make various technical corrections, clarify meanings, or describe their applicability under changed conditions. The Company does not believe the impact of adopting SFAS No. 145 on January 1, 2003 will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In July 2002, SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, was issued.  SFAS No. 146 is based on the fundamental principle that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity should be recorded when it (1) is incurred, and (2) can be measured at fair value.  SFAS No. 146 is effective for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002.  The Company does not believe that the adoption of this Statement on January 1, 2003 will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

 

In August 2001,November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57 and 107 and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees issued.  The Interpretation also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of the Interpretation are applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 and are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  The disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements of interim and annual periods ending after December 31, 2002.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, “Accounting148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123. This Statement amends FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the Impairment or Disposalfair value method of Long-Lived Assets” was issued.  This statement addressesaccounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of Statement No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial accounting and reporting forstatements. Certain of the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.  It supersedes SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long Lived Assets and for Long Lived Assets to be Disposed Of”.  SFAS No. 144 is effectivedisclosure modifications are required for fiscal years beginningending after December 15, 2001.  Accordingly,2002 and are included in the Company adopted SFASnotes to the consolidated financial statements.

29



In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 144 on46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51. This Interpretation addresses the consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities as defined in the Interpretation. The Interpretation applies immediately to variable interests in variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003, and to variable interests in variable interest entities obtained after January 31, 2003.  For public enterprises with a variable interest in a variable interest entity created before February 1, 2002.2003, the Interpretation applies to that enterprise no later than the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after June 15, 2003. The adoptionapplication of this statement didInterpretation is not expected to have a material impacteffect on the Company’s consolidated resultsfinancial statements.  The Interpretation requires certain disclosures in financial statements issued after January 31, 2003 if it is reasonably possible that the Company will consolidate or disclose information about variable interest entities when the Interpretation becomes effective.

In November, 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.  EITF Issue No. 00-21 addresses the accounting, by a vendor, for contractual arrangements in which multiple revenue-generating activities will be performed by the vendor.  The Issue addresses when and, if so, how an arrangement involving multiple deliverables should be divided into separate units of operationsaccounting.  The Issue also addresses how the arrangement consideration should be measured and allocated to the separate units of accounting in the arrangement.  This Issue otherwise does not change applicable revenue recognition criteria.  Companies are required to adopt this consensus for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003.  Companies may apply this consensus prospectively to new arrangements initiated after the date of adoption or financial position.as a cumulative catch adjustment.  Early adoption of the consensus is permitted.  We are currently evaluating the effects of adopting the provisions of the EITF’s consensus on this Issue.

 

Impact of Inflation

 

We believe that our revenues and results of operations have not been significantly impacted by inflation during the past three years.

24



 

Important Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results

 

Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on a number of factors, including:

 

If weit engages in any acquisition, Harvard Bioscience will incur a variety of costs, and may never realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.

Harvard Bioscience’s business strategy includes the future acquisition of businesses, technologies, services or products that it believes are unablea strategic fit with its business. If Harvard Bioscience does undertake any acquisition, the process of integrating an acquired business, technology, service or product may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may absorb significant management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing development of its business. Moreover, Harvard Bioscience may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition as rapidly as expected or at all. Future acquisitions could reduce stockholders’ ownership, cause Harvard Bioscience to incur debt, expose it to future liabilities and result in amortization expenses related to intangible assets with definite lives.

Harvard Bioscience may not realize the expected benefits of its recent merger with Genomic Solutions due to difficulties integrating the businesses, operations and product lines of Harvard Bioscience and Genomic Solutions.

Harvard Bioscience’s ability to achieve the benefits of its recent merger with Genomic Solutions will depend in part on the integration and leveraging of technology, operations, sales and marketing channels and personnel of Harvard Bioscience and Genomic Solutions. The integration process is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process and may disrupt Harvard Bioscience’s business if not completed in a timely and efficient manner. The challenges involved in this integration include the following:

demonstrating to the combined company’s customers and suppliers that the merger will not result in adverse changes in client service standards or business focus;

30



persuading the combined company’s employees that Harvard Bioscience’s and Genomic Solutions’ business cultures are compatible; and

addressing any perceived adverse changes in business focus.

Harvard Bioscience may have difficulty successfully integrating the businesses, the domestic and foreign operations or the product lines of Harvard Bioscience and Genomic Solutions, and as a result, Harvard Bioscience may not realize any of the anticipated benefits of the merger. In particular, Harvard Bioscience may not successfully leverage Genomic Solutions’ sales force or either company’s distribution channels which could adversely affect the combined company following the merger. Additionally, neither Harvard Bioscience nor Genomic Solutions can assure that the growth rate of the combined company will equal the growth rates that have been experienced by Harvard Bioscience and Genomic Solutions, respectively, operating as separate companies in the past.

Genomic Solutions, Harvard Bioscience’s recently acquired subsidiary, has a history of losses and may not be able to sustain profitability.

Genomic Solutions incurred net losses of $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002, $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2001, $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 and $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. As of June 30, 2002, Genomic Solutions had an accumulated deficit of $72.0 million. In September 2001, Genomic Solutions instituted a restructuring plan designed to reduce its operating expenses. In July 2002, Genomic Solutions announced a further restructuring of its operations. However, even with these restructurings, Genomic Solutions needs to generate significant revenues to achieve and sustain market acceptancemaintain profitability. Genomic Solutions’ continued revenue growth depends on many factors, many of our new target validation and ADMET screening products across their broad intended range of applications, we willwhich are beyond its control, including factors discussed in this risk factors section. Genomic Solutions may not generate expectedsustain revenue growth. Even if Genomic Solutions does achieve profitability, it may not sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

As an acquisitive company, the Company may be the subject of lawsuits from either an acquired company’s previous stockholders or the Company’s current stockholders.Our

As an acquisitive company, the Company may be the subject of lawsuits from either an acquired company’s previous stockholders or the Company’s current stockholders.  These lawsuits could result from the actions of the acquisition target prior to the date of the acquisition, from the acquisition transaction itself or from actions after the acquisition.  Defending potential lawsuits could cost the Company significant expense and detract management’s attention from the operation of the business.  Additionally, these lawsuits could result in the cancellation of or the inability to renew, certain insurance coverage that would be necessary to protect the Company’s assets.

Current negative economic trends may adversely impact Harvard Bioscience’s business.

Harvard Bioscience may experience reduced demand for its products as a result of the recent downturn and increased uncertainty in the general economic environment in which Harvard Bioscience and its customers operate. Harvard Bioscience cannot project the extent of the impact of the recent economic downturn. If economic conditions worsen or if a wider economic slowdown occurs, Harvard Bioscience may experience a material adverse effect on its business, strategy depends on our successfully developingoperating results, and commercializing ourfinancial condition.

Harvard Bioscience’s business is subject to economic, political and other risks associated with international revenues and operations.

Since Harvard Bioscience manufactures and sells its products worldwide, its business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Harvard Bioscience’s revenues from its non-U.S. operations represented approximately 59% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002. Harvard Bioscience anticipates that revenue from international operations will continue to represent a substantial portion of total revenues. In addition, a number of Harvard Bioscience’s manufacturing facilities and suppliers are located outside the United States. Accordingly, Harvard Bioscience’s future results could be harmed by a variety of factors, including:

31



changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which resulted in a foreign currency gain of approximately $402,000 and an increase of foreign equity of approximately $2,527,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002,

changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, including Western Europe and Japan, in particular,

potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws affecting the ability to expatriate profits,

difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations, and

unfavorable labor regulations applicable to European operations, such as severance and the unenforceability of non-competition agreements in the European Union.

Harvard Bioscience’s quarterly revenues will likely be affected by various factors, including the seasonal nature of purchasing in Europe and the timing of capital equipment purchases by customers.

Harvard Bioscience’s revenues may vary from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, including the timing of catalog mailings and new target validationproduct introductions, future acquisitions and ADMET screening technologiesits substantial sales to meet our customers’ expanding needsEuropean customers, who in summer months often defer purchases. Therefore, Harvard Bioscience expects revenues from European sales to be lower during the summer season and demands, an example of which isas a result quarter-to-quarter revenues will likely experience fluctuations. With the COPASTM technology obtained from our 2001 acquisition of Union Biometrica.  Market acceptanceBiometrica in May 2001 and Genomic Solutions in October 2002, an increasing portion of thisHarvard Bioscience’s revenues may result from sales of relatively high-priced products. Delays in purchase orders, receipt, manufacture, shipment or receivables collection of these relatively high-priced products could lead to substantial variability in revenues, operating results and other new products will depend on many factors, including the extent of our marketing efforts and our ability to demonstrate to existing and potential customers that our technologies are superior to other technologies and products that are available now or may become available in the future. If our new products do not gain market acceptance, itworking capital requirements from quarter-to-quarter, which could materially adversely affect our businessHarvard Bioscience’s stock price. In particular, delays or reduction in purchase orders from the pharmaceutical and future growth prospects.biotechnology industries could have a material adverse effect on Harvard Bioscience, as more fully described elsewhere in these risk factors.

 

Our products compete in markets that are subject to rapid technological change, and therefore one or more of our products could be made obsolete by new technologiesHarvard Bioscience may lose money when it exchanges foreign currency received from international revenues into U.S. dollars.. Because the market for drug discovery tools is characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions, our product lines may be made obsolete unless we are able to continually improve our existing products and develop new products. To meet the evolving needs of our customers, we must continually enhance our current and planned products and develop and introduce new products. However, we may experience difficulties that may delay or prevent the successful development, introduction and marketing of new products or product enhancements. In addition, our product lines are based on complex technologies that are subject to rapid change as new technologies are developed and introduced in the marketplace. We may have difficulty in keeping abreast of the rapid changes affecting each of the different markets we serve or intend to serve. Our failure to develop and introduce products in a timely manner in response to changing technology, market demands or the requirements of our customers could cause our product sales to decline, and we could experience significant losses.

 

We offer and plan to offer a broad product line and have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial expenses for development of new products and enhanced versions of our existing products. The speed of technological change in our market may prevent us from being able to successfully market some or all of our products for the length of time required to recover development costs. Failure to recover the development costs of one or more products or product lines could decrease our profitability or cause us to experience significant losses.

We have limited experience in manufacturing some of our products that could cause problems or delays resulting in lost revenue. If we fail to manufacture and deliver products in a timely manner, our relationships with our customers could be seriously harmed, and our revenue could decline. To achieve the production levels necessary for successful commercialization, we will need to scale-up our manufacturing facilities and in some cases establish automated manufacturing methods and quality control procedures. We cannot assure you that manufacturing or quality control problems will not arise as we attempt to scale-up our production or that we can scale-up manufacturing and quality control in a timely manner or at commercially reasonable costs. If we are unable to manufacture these products consistently on a timely basis because of these or other factors, we may not achieve the level of sales from these products that we otherwise anticipate.

If Amersham Biosciences (formerly Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)terminates its distribution agreement with us or fails to perform its obligations under our distribution agreement, it could impair the marketing and distribution efforts for some of our products and result in lost revenues.For the year ended December 31, 2001,2002, approximately 30%59% of our revenues were generatedHarvard Bioscience’s business was conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which is its reporting currency. As a result, currency fluctuations among the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which Harvard Bioscience does business have caused and will continue to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Currently, Harvard Bioscience attempts to manage foreign currency risk through an agreement with Amersham Biosciences, which was renegotiatedthe matching of assets and liabilities. In the future, Harvard Bioscience may undertake to manage foreign currency risk through additional hedging methods. Harvard Bioscience recognizes foreign currency gains or losses arising from its operations in August 2001, under which Amersham Biosciences acts as our primary marketing and distribution channel for the productsperiod incurred. Harvard Bioscience cannot guarantee that it will be successful in managing foreign currency risk or in predicting the effects of our Biochrom subsidiary. Under the terms of this agreement, we are restricted from allowing another person or entity to distribute, market and sell the majorityexchange rate fluctuations upon its future operating results because of the productsnumber of our Biochrom subsidiary. We are also restricted from making or promoting salescurrencies involved, the variability of currency exposure and the majoritypotential volatility of the products of our Biochrom subsidiary to any person or entity other than Amersham Biosciences or its authorized sub-distributors. We have little or no control over Amersham Biosciences’ marketingcurrency exchange rates.

Additional costs for complying with recent and sales activities or the use of its resources. Amersham Biosciences may fail to purchase sufficient quantities of products from us or perform appropriate marketingproposed  future  changes in Securities and sales activities. The failure by Amersham Biosciences to perform these activitiesExchange Commission, Nasdaq Stock Market and accounting rules could materially adversely affect our businessprofits.

Recent and growth prospects duringproposed future changes in the termSecurities and Exchange Commission and Nasdaq rules, as well as changes in  accounting rules, will cause the Company to incur additional costs including professional fees, as well as additional personnel costs, in order to keep informed of this agreement. In addition, our inability to maintain our arrangement with Amersham Biosciences for product distribution, could materially impede the growth of our businesschanges and our ability to generate sufficient revenue. Our agreement with Amersham Biosciencesoperate in a compliant manner.  These additional costs may be terminated with 30 day notice under some circumstances, including insignificant enough to cause the Company’s growth targets to be reduced, and consequently, the Company’s financial position and results of operations may be negatively impacted.

 

25With new rules, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may have difficulty in retaining or attracting officers, directors for the board and various sub-committees thereof.

The recent and proposed changes in SEC and Nasdaq rules, including those resulting from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, may result in the Company being unable to attract and retain the necessary officers, board directors and

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members of sub-committees thereof, to effectively manage the event of a breach of a material term by us. This agreement has a five year term; however, itCompany.  The perceived increased personal risk associated with these recent changes, may be terminateddeter qualified individuals from wanting to participate in accordance with its terms by either party upon 18 months prior written notice. While we believe our relationship with Amersham Biosciences is good, we cannot guarantee that the contract will be renewed or that Amersham Biosciences will aggressively market our products in the future.these roles.

 

WeThe Company may have difficulty obtaining adequate directors and officers insurance and  the cost for coverage may significantly increase.

As an acquisitive company, the Company may have difficulty in obtaining adequate directors’ and officers’ insurance to protect the Company and its Directors and Officers from claims made against them.  Additionally, even if adequate coverage is available, the costs for such coverage may be significantly greater than current costs.  This additional cost may have a significant effect on the Company’s profits and as a result the Company’s results of operations may be adversely affected by litigation involving Harvard University.    On December 26, 2000, Harvard University filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts alleging that our use of the “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus” names infringes on Harvard University’s trademarks. Harvard University is seeking both injunctive relief and monetary damages. We believe that these claims are without merit, and we are vigorously defending against such claims.   On April 10, 2001, the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts denied Harvard University’s request for a preliminary injunction prohibiting affected.

Harvard Bioscience from using the names “Harvard Bioscience”plans significant growth, and “Harvard Apparatus”.  The Court did issue an order directing Harvard Bioscience not to use the “Harvard” name in the color crimson or inthere is a font similar to the font used by Harvard University.  We believe that the defense of these claims could involve significant litigation-related expenses, butrisk that it will not have a material adverse effectbe able to manage this growth.

Harvard Bioscience’s success will depend on our business,the expansion of its operations both through organic growth and acquisitions. Effective growth management will place increased demands on management, operational and financial condition or results of operations. If claims for injunctive relief or other damages are decided against us, weresources. To manage growth, Harvard Bioscience must expand its facilities, augment its operational, financial and management systems, and hire and train additional qualified personnel. Failure to manage this growth effectively could suffer monetary damages, lose ourimpair Harvard Bioscience’s ability to use the names “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus,” lose the reputation and goodwill associated with these names and ultimately experience decreased revenues and earningsgenerate revenue or could cause Harvard Bioscience’s expenses to increase more rapidly than revenue, resulting in subsequent periods.operating losses.

 

WeIf it fails to retain key personnel and hire, train and retain qualified employees, Harvard Bioscience may not be adversely affected by litigation involving Paul D. Grindle.able to compete effectively, which could result in reduced revenue or increased costs.    On February 4, 2002, Paul D. Grindle,

Harvard Bioscience’s success is highly dependent on the former ownercontinued services of key management, technical and scientific personnel. Harvard Apparatus, Inc., initiated an arbitration proceeding against the CompanyBioscience’s management and certain directors before JAMS, an arbitration firm in Boston, Massachusetts.  Mr Grindle’s claims arise out of post-closing purchase price adjustments related to the Company’s purchaseother employees may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time upon short notice. The loss of the assetsservices of any member of the senior management team, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chane Graziano, the President, David Green, the Chief Financial Officer, Susan Luscinski, or any of the managerial, technical or scientific staff may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of product development and other business ofobjectives. Harvard Apparatus by virtue of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 15, 1996Bioscience maintains key person life insurance on Messrs. Graziano and certain related agreements.  In the arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle sought the return of 1,563,851 shares of stockGreen. Harvard Bioscience’s future success will also depend on its ability to identify, recruit and retain additional qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. Competition for qualified personnel in the Company, or the disgorgement of the profits of the Company’s sale of the stock, as well as punitive damagestechnology area is intense, and attorney’s fees under Mass. Gen. Laws, chapter 93A.  InHarvard Bioscience operates in several geographic locations where labor markets are particularly competitive, including Boston, Massachusetts and London and Cambridge, England, and where demand for personnel with these skills is extremely high and is likely to remain high. As a demand letter that was attached to the Arbitration Demand, Mr. Grindle asserted lossesresult, competition for qualified personnel is intense, particularly in the amountareas of $15 million, representinggeneral management, finance, information technology, engineering and science, and the valueprocess of hiring suitably qualified personnel is often lengthy and expensive, and may become more expensive in the 1,563,851 sharesfuture. If it is unable to hire and retain a sufficient number of the Company’s stock as of January 2, 2002. The Company believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims are without meritqualified employees, Harvard Bioscience’s ability to conduct and intends to defend them vigorously.  The Company also believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims are barred by the terms of certain releases executed by him and further barred by the applicable statutes of limitation.  We believe that the defense of these claimsexpand its business could involve significant litigation-related expenses, but that it will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.be seriously reduced.

  If claims for injunctive relief or other damages are decided against us, we could suffer monetary damages.

OurHarvard Bioscience’s competitors and potential competitors may develop products and technologies that are more effective or commercially attractive than ourits products.We expect

Harvard Bioscience expects to encounter increased competition from both established and development-stage companies that continually enter ourthe market. We anticipateHarvard Bioscience anticipates that these competitors will include:

 

                  companies developing and marketing life sciences research tools,

 

                  health care companies that manufacture laboratory-based tests and analyzers,

 

                  diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies, and

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                  companies developing drug discovery technologies.

 

Currently, ourHarvard Bioscience’s principal competition comes from established companies that provide products that perform many of the same functions for which we market ourHarvard Bioscience markets its products. OurHarvard Bioscience’s competitors may develop or market products that are more effective or commercially attractive than ourits current or future products. Many of ourHarvard Bioscience’s competitors have substantially greater financial, operational, marketing and technical resources than we do.Harvard Bioscience does. Moreover, these competitors may offer broader product lines and tactical discounts, and may have greater name recognition. In addition, weHarvard Bioscience may face competition from new entrants into ourthe field. WeHarvard Bioscience may not have the financial resources, technical expertise or marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete successfully in the future.

 

If we areHarvard Bioscience is unable to effectively protect ourits intellectual property, third parties may use ourits technology, which would impair ourHarvard Bioscience’s ability to compete in ourits markets.Our

Harvard Bioscience’s continued success will depend in significant part on ourits ability to obtain and maintain meaningful patent protection for ourcertain of its products throughout the world. Patent law relating to the scope

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of claims in the technology fields in which we operateHarvard Bioscience operates is still evolving. The degree of future protection for ourHarvard Bioscience’s proprietary rights is uncertain. We own elevenHarvard Bioscience owns 22 U.S. patents and have eighthas 20 patent applications pending in the U.S. WeHarvard Bioscience also ownowns numerous U.S. registered trademarks and trade names and havehas applications for the registration of trademarks and trade names pending. We relyHarvard Bioscience relies on patents to protect a significant part of ourits intellectual property and to enhance ourits competitive position. However, ourHarvard Bioscience’s presently pending or future patent applications may not issue as patents, and any patent previously issued to usHarvard Bioscience may be challenged, invalidated, held unenforceable or circumvented. Furthermore, the claims in patents which have been issued or which may be issued to usHarvard Bioscience in the future may not be sufficiently broad to prevent third parties from producing competing products similar to ourHarvard Bioscience’s products. In addition, the laws of various foreign countries in which we competeHarvard Bioscience competes may not protect ourits intellectual property to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. If we failHarvard Bioscience fails to obtain adequate patent protection for ourits proprietary technology, ourits ability to be commercially competitive will be materially impaired.

 

In addition to patent protection, weHarvard Bioscience also relyrelies on protection of trade secrets, know-how and confidential and proprietary information. To maintain the confidentiality of trade-secrets and proprietary information, weHarvard Bioscience generally seekseeks to enter into confidentiality agreements with ourits employees, consultants and strategic partners upon the commencement of a relationship with us.relationship. However, weHarvard Bioscience may not obtain these agreements in all circumstances. In the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of this information, these agreements, even if obtained, may not provide meaningful protection for ourHarvard Bioscience’s trade-secrets or other confidential information. In addition, adequate remedies may not exist in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of this information. The loss or exposure of ourHarvard Bioscience’s trade secrets and other proprietary information would impair ourits competitive advantages and could have a material adverse effect on ourits operating results, financial condition and future growth prospects.

 

WeHarvard Bioscience may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce ourits patents that would be expensive and time-consuming.

In order to protect or enforce ourits patent rights, weHarvard Bioscience may initiate patent litigation against third parties. WeHarvard Bioscience may also become subject to interference proceedings conducted in the patent and trademark offices of various countries to determine the priority of inventions. Several of ourHarvard Bioscience’s products are based on patents that are closely surrounded by patents held by competitors or potential competitors. As a result, we believeHarvard Bioscience believes there is a greater likelihood of a patent dispute than would be expected if ourits patents were not closely surrounded by other patents. The defense and prosecution, if necessary, of intellectual property suits, interference proceedings and related legal and administrative proceedings would be costly and divert ourHarvard Bioscience’s technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. WeHarvard Bioscience may not prevail in any of these suits. An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put ourHarvard Bioscience’s patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put ourits patent applications at risk of not issuing.

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Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of ourHarvard Bioscience’s confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. For example, during the course of this kind of litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments in the litigation. Securities analysts or investors may perceive these announcements to be negative, which could cause the market price of ourHarvard Bioscience’s stock to decline.

 

OurHarvard Bioscience’s success will depend partly on ourits ability to operate without infringing on or misappropriating the intellectual property rights of others.We

Harvard Bioscience may be sued for infringing on the intellectual property rights of others, including the patent rights, trademarks and trade names of third parties. Intellectual property litigation is costly and the outcome is uncertain. If we doHarvard Bioscience does not prevail in any intellectual property litigation, in addition to any damages weit might have to pay, weHarvard Bioscience could be required to stop the infringing activity, or obtain a license to or design around the intellectual property in question. If we areHarvard Bioscience is unable to obtain a required license on acceptable terms, or areis unable to design around any third party patent, weHarvard Bioscience may be unable to sell some of ourits products and services, which could result in reduced revenue.

 

AmiKa Corporation, whose assets weHarvard Bioscience purchased in July 2000, received and responded to correspondence from counsel to a third party competitor regarding the possible infringement by it of a patent and other pending patent applications held by such third party. Because this competitor has not pursued this matter since AmiKa’s reply on June 7, 2000 in which AmiKa stated that it did not believe it was infringing on this competitor’s patents, we believeHarvard Bioscience believes that this matter has been concluded. However, weHarvard Bioscience cannot assure you that this third party competitor will not assert these or similar claims in the future. We doHarvard Bioscience does not currently derive a significant portion of ourits revenue from products which depend on the intellectual property related to this alleged infringement.

 

Changes in accounting for goodwill amortization may have a material adverse affect on us. We have historically amortized goodwill purchased in our acquisitions on a straight-line basis ranging from 5 to 15 years.  Upon the adoption

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of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives from acquisitions after June 30, 2001 and existing as of December 31, 2001 will not be amortized, but instead will be evaluated annually to determine whether any portion of the remaining balance of goodwill may not be recoverable. If itHarvard Bioscience is determined in the future that a portion of our goodwill is impaired, we will be required to write off that portion of our goodwill which could have an adverse effect on our net income for the period in which the write off occurs.  At December 31, 2001, we had unamortized goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives of approximately $24.0 million, or 27% of total assets.

We are dependent upon ourits licensed technologies and may need to obtain additional licenses in the future to offer ourits products and remain competitive.We have

Harvard Bioscience has licensed key components of ourits technologies from third parties. While we doit does not currently derive a material portion of ourits revenue from products that depend on these licensed technologies, weHarvard Bioscience may in the future. If ourits license agreements were to terminate prematurely or if we breachit breaches the terms of any licenses or otherwise failfails to maintain ourits rights to these technologies, weHarvard Bioscience may lose the right to manufacture or sell ourits products that use these licensed technologies. In addition, weHarvard Bioscience may need to obtain licenses to additional technologies in the future in order to keep ourits products competitive. If we failit fails to license or otherwise acquire necessary technologies, weHarvard Bioscience may not be able to develop new products that we needit needs to remain competitive.

 

Many of ourHarvard Bioscience’s current and potential customers are from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries and are subject to risks faced by those industries.We derive

Harvard Bioscience derives a substantial portion of ourits revenues from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. We expectHarvard Bioscience expects that pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies will continue to be ourits major source of revenues for the foreseeable future. As a result, we areHarvard Bioscience is subject to risks and uncertainties that affect the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, such as pricing pressures as third-party payers continue challenging the pricing of medical products and services, government regulation, ongoing consolidation and uncertainty of technological change, and to reductions and delays in research and development expenditures by companies in these industries. In particular, several proposals are being contemplated by lawmakers in the United States to extend the federalFederal Medicare program to include reimbursement for prescription drugs. Many of these proposals involve negotiating decreases in prescription drug prices or imposing price controls on prescription drugs. If appropriate reimbursement cannot be obtained, it could result in our customers purchasing fewer products from usHarvard Bioscience as they reduce their research and development expenditures.

 

In particular, the biotechnology industry has been faced with declining market capitalization and a difficult capital-raising and financing environment. If biotechnology companies are unable to obtain the financing necessary to purchase Harvard Bioscience’s products, Harvard Bioscience’s business and results of operations could be materially

35



adversely affected. As it relates to the pharmaceutical industry, several companies have significant patents that have expired or are about to expire, which could result in reduced revenues for those companies. If pharmaceutical companies suffer reduced revenues as a result of these patent expirations, they may be unable to purchase Harvard Bioscience’s products, and Harvard Bioscience’s business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

In addition, we areHarvard Bioscience is dependent, both directly and indirectly, upon general health care spending patterns, particularly in the research and development budgets of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, as well as upon the financial condition and purchasing patterns of various governments and government agencies. Many of ourHarvard Bioscience’s customers, including universities, government research laboratories, private foundations and other institutions, obtain funding for the purchase of our products from grants by governments or government agencies. There exists the risk of a potential decrease in the level of governmental spending allocated to scientific and medical research which could substantially reduce or even eliminate these grants. If government funding necessary to purchase ourHarvard Bioscience’s products were to decrease, ourHarvard Bioscience’s business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

OurIf Harvard Bioscience is unable to achieve and sustain market acceptance of its target validation high throughput screening, assay development and ADMET screening products across their broad intended range of applications, Harvard Bioscience will not generate expected revenue growth.

Harvard Bioscience’s business could be subjectstrategy depends, in part, on successfully developing and commercializing its ADMET screening, molecular biology, high-throughput/high-content screening, and genomics, proteomics and high-throughput screening to meet customers’ expanding needs and demands, an example of which is the effectsCOPAS™ technology obtained from the 2001 acquisition of a generally weakened global economy. The global economy,Union Biometrica. Market acceptance of this and other new products will depend on many factors, including the U.S. economy, is much weakerextent of Harvard Bioscience’s marketing efforts and its ability to demonstrate to existing and potential customers that its technologies are superior to other technologies or techniques and products that are available now than it has been in recent history, and as a result our business is subject to the associated risks.  We do not believe that our business has suffered materially from the recent economic downturn, however we cannot guarantee that it will not sufferor may become available in the future. If Harvard Bioscience’s new products do not gain market acceptance, or if market acceptance occurs at a slower rate than anticipated, it could materially adversely affect its business and future growth prospects.

Harvard Bioscience’s products compete in markets that are subject to rapid technological change, and therefore one or more of its products could be made obsolete by new technologies.

Because the general conditionmarket for drug discovery tools is characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions, Harvard Bioscience’s product lines may be made obsolete unless it is able to continually improve existing products and develop new products. To meet the evolving needs of both the global economyits customers, Harvard Bioscience must continually enhance its current and the U.S. economy persists or worsens, weplanned products and develop and introduce new products. However, Harvard Bioscience may experience parts shortages if our suppliersdifficulties that may delay or prevent the successful development, introduction and marketing of new products or product enhancements. In addition, Harvard Bioscience’s product lines are negatively impacted bybased on complex technologies that are subject to rapid change as new technologies are developed and introduced in the weakened economy. Thismarketplace. Harvard Bioscience may have difficulty in turnkeeping abreast of the rapid changes affecting each of the different markets it serves or intends to serve. Harvard Bioscience’s failure to develop and introduce products in a timely manner in response to changing technology, market demands or the requirements of its customers could cause usits product sales to lose revenuesdecline, and Harvard Bioscience could experience significant losses.

Harvard Bioscience offers and plans to offer a broad product line and has incurred and expects to continue to incur substantial expenses for development of new products and enhanced versions of its existing products. The speed of technological change in its market may prevent Harvard Bioscience from not being able to supplysuccessfully market some or all of its products for the length of time required to our customers.  We may alsorecover development costs. Failure to recover the development costs of one or more products or product lines could decrease Harvard Bioscience’s profitability or cause Harvard Bioscience to experience significant losses.

Harvard Bioscience has limited experience in manufacturing some of its products that could cause problems or delays resulting in lost revenue.

If Harvard Bioscience fails to manufacture and deliver products in a loss of revenues if ourtimely manner, its relationships with its customers reduce spending in response to the state of the economy.  Additionally, our stock price could be significantly impacted by a continued weakened or worsening economy simply byseriously harmed, and its revenue could decline. To achieve the nature of the market.production levels necessary for

 

Our business is subject to risks associated with significant acts of terrorism.  Prior to September 11, 2001, acts of terrorism such as occurred on that day were unprecedented in the U.S. and around the world.  Since September 11, 2001, it has become evident that such acts are indeed possible and could cause significant disruption and harm, to not only our business, but to the businesses of all our customers and suppliers both within the U.S. and around the rest of the world.  We cannot guarantee that another such event will not adversely impact our ability to continue to operate.

Our business is subject to economic political and other risks associated with international revenues and operations. Since we manufacture and sell our products worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business

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internationally. Our revenues from our non-U.S. operations represented approximately 60% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2001. We anticipate that revenue from international operationssuccessful commercialization, Harvard Bioscience will continueneed to represent a substantial portion of our total revenues. In addition, a number of ourscale-up its manufacturing facilities and suppliers are located outsidein some cases establish automated manufacturing methods and quality control procedures. Harvard Bioscience cannot assure you that manufacturing or quality control problems will not arise as it attempts to scale-up its production or that it can scale-up manufacturing and quality control in a timely manner or at commercially reasonable costs. If it is unable to manufacture these products consistently on a timely basis because of these or other factors, Harvard Bioscience may not achieve the United States. Accordingly, our future resultslevel of sales from these products that it otherwise anticipates.

If Amersham Biosciences (formerly Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) terminates its distribution agreement with Harvard Bioscience or fails to perform its obligations under the distribution agreement, it could be harmed by a varietyimpair the marketing and distribution efforts for some of factors, including:Harvard Bioscience’s products and result in lost revenues.

 

changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which resulted in a foreign current loss of approximately $100,000 and a reduction of foreign equity of approximately $235,000 for the year ended December 31, 2001,

changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions, including Western Europe, in particular,

potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws affecting our ability to expatriate profits,

difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations, and

unfavorable labor regulations applicable to our European operations, such as the unenforceability of non-competition agreements in the United Kingdom.

Our quarterly revenues will likely be affected by various factors, including the seasonal nature of purchasing in Europe and the timing of capital equipment purchases by customers. Our revenues may vary from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, including the timing of catalog mailings and new product introductions, future acquisitions and our substantial sales to European customers, who in summer months often defer purchases.  Therefore, we expect our revenues from European sales to be lower during the summer season and as a result our quarter-to-quarter revenues will likely experience fluctuations.   With the acquisition of Union Biometrica in May 2001, an increasing portion of our revenues may result from sales of relatively high priced products.  Delays in receipt, manufacture, shipment or receivables collection of these relatively high priced products could lead to substantial variability in revenues, operating results and working capital requirements from quarter-to-quarter, which could adversely affect our stock price.

We may lose money when we exchange foreign currency received from international revenues into U.S. dollars. For the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately 18% of Harvard Bioscience’s revenues were generated through an agreement with Amersham Biosciences, which was renegotiated in August 2001, approximately 60%under which Amersham Biosciences acts as the primary marketing and distribution channel for the products of our business was conducted in currenciesHarvard Bioscience’s Biochrom subsidiary. Under the terms of this agreement, Harvard Bioscience is restricted from allowing another person or entity to distribute, market and sell the majority of the products of its Biochrom subsidiary. Harvard Bioscience is also restricted from making or promoting sales of the majority of the products of its Biochrom subsidiary to any person or entity other than Amersham Biosciences or its authorized sub-distributors. Harvard Bioscience has little or no control over Amersham Biosciences’ marketing and sales activities or the U.S. dollar, which is our reporting currency. As a result, currency fluctuations amonguse of its resources. Amersham Biosciences may fail to purchase sufficient quantities of products from Harvard Bioscience or perform appropriate marketing and sales activities. The failure by Amersham Biosciences to perform these activities could materially adversely affect Harvard Bioscience’s business and growth prospects during the U.S. dollarterm of this agreement. In addition, Harvard Bioscience’s inability to maintain its arrangement with Amersham Biosciences for product distribution could materially impede the growth of Harvard Bioscience’s business and the currencies in which we do business have caused and will continueits ability to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Currently, we attempt to manage foreign currency risk through the matching of assets and liabilities. In the future, wegenerate sufficient revenue. Harvard Bioscience’s agreement with Amersham Biosciences may undertake to manage foreign currency risk through additional hedging methods. We recognize foreign currency gains or losses arising from our operationsbe terminated with 30 days notice under some circumstances, including in the period incurred. Weevent of a breach of a material term by Harvard Bioscience. This agreement has an initial term of three years, commencing August 1, 2001, after which it will automatically renew for an additional two years, unless terminated earlier by either party. In addition, the agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms by either party upon 18 months prior written notice. While Harvard Bioscience believes its relationship with Amersham Biosciences is good, Harvard Bioscience cannot guarantee that wethe contract will be successfulrenewed or that Amersham Biosciences will aggressively market Harvard Bioscience’s products in managing foreign currency risk orthe future.

Accounting for goodwill may have a material adverse effect on Harvard Bioscience.

Harvard Bioscience has historically amortized goodwill purchased in predictingits acquisitions on a straight-line basis ranging from five to 15 years. Upon the effectsadoption of exchange rate fluctuations upon our future operating results becauseSFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives from acquisitions after June 30, 2001 and existing goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives from acquisitions prior to July 1, 2001 that remain as of December 31, 2001 are no longer amortized, but instead are evaluated annually to determine whether any portion of the numberremaining balance of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposuregoodwill and the potential volatility of currency exchange rates.

If we engage in any acquisition, we will incur a variety of costs, and may never realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition. Our business strategy includes the future acquisition of businesses, technologies, services or products that we believe are a strategic fit with our business. If we do undertake any acquisition, the process of integrating an acquired business, technology, service or product may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may absorb significant management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing development of our business. Moreover, we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition. Future acquisitions could reduce our stockholders’ ownership and could cause us to incur debt, expose us to future liabilities and result in amortization expenses related to intangible assets.

If we fail to retain our key personnel and hire, train and retain qualified employees, weindefinite lived intangibles may not be ablerecoverable, or more frequently, if events or circumstances indicate there may be an impairment. If it is determined in the future that a portion of Harvard Bioscience’s goodwill is impaired, Harvard Bioscience will be required to compete effectively,write off that portion of its goodwill which could have an adverse effect on net income for the period in which the write off occurs. At December 31, 2002, Harvard Bioscience had goodwill of $31.1 million, or 29% of its total assets.

Harvard Bioscience may be adversely affected by litigation or arbitration involving Paul D. Grindle.

On February 4, 2002, Paul D. Grindle, the former owner of Harvard Apparatus, Inc., initiated an arbitration proceeding against Harvard Bioscience and certain directors before JAMS in Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Grindle’s claims arise out of post-closing purchase price adjustments related to Harvard Bioscience’s purchase of the assets and business of Harvard Apparatus by virtue of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 15, 1996 and certain related agreements. In the arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle sought the return of 1,563,851 shares of stock in Harvard Bioscience, or the disgorgement of the profits of Harvard Bioscience’s sale of the stock, as well as compensatory damages and multiple damages and attorney’s fees under Mass. Gen. Laws, chapter 93A. In a demand letter that was attached to the arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle asserted losses in the amount of $15 million, representing the value of the 1,563,851 shares of Harvard Bioscience’s stock as of January 2, 2002. On October 30, 2002, the Company received a decision from the arbitrator that it has prevailed on all claims asserted against it and certain of its directors

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in the arbitration action.  Specifically, the Company received a written decision from the arbitrator granting its motion for summary disposition with respect to all claims brought against all parties in the action.  We have filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to confirm the arbitrator’s decision.  Mr. Grindle filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to vacate the arbitrator’s decision.  These two matters have been consolidated and are pending.  Harvard Bioscience believes that the defense of this challenge could involve significant litigation-related expenses, which could have an adverse effect on Harvard Bioscience’s results of operations.

Genomic Solutions, Harvard Bioscience’s recently acquired subsidiary, and its customers are subject to significant technological uncertainty which could result in reduced revenue. acceptance and demand for Genomic Solutions’ products.Our success

Genomic Solutions’ products, and the research for which they are predominately used, involve several new and complex technologies. The instrumentation and software that comprise Genomic Solutions’ systems have only recently been used in commercial applications. Scientists and technicians using Genomic Solutions’ products require new technical skills and training and may experience difficulties with the products. As the products continue to be used, it is highly dependentpossible that previously unrecognized defects will emerge. Further, in order for Genomic Solutions to address new applications for its products, it may have to add features and design new software. If it is unable to validate or achieve the improvements in its products necessary for their continued successful commercialization, the demand for its products will suffer.

The outcomes of research based on technologies using Genomic Solutions’ products will be subject to the continued servicesrisks of key management, technicalfailure inherent in the development of new technologies. These risks include the possibility that:

                  any products based on these technologies are ineffective, unreliable or unsafe, or otherwise fail;

                  producers will be unable to manufacture the products on a large scale or market the products economically;

                  proprietary rights of third parties will preclude the marketing of the products; and scientific personnel. Our management

                  third parties will market equivalent or superior products.

The failure of research and otherdevelopment activities using Genomic Solutions’ products to result in commercially viable products could reduce the demand for those products.

Customer, vendor and employee uncertainty about the effects of the merger with Genomic Solutions could harm the  Company.

Harvard Bioscience’s and Genomic Solutions’ customers may, in response to the  consummation of the merger, delay or defer purchasing decisions. Any delay or deferral in purchasing decisions by customers could adversely affect the business of the combined company. Similarly, Genomic Solutions’ employees may voluntarily terminateexperience uncertainty about their employmentfuture role with us at any time upon short notice. The lossthe combined company until or after Harvard Bioscience executes its strategies with regard to Genomic Solutions employees. This may adversely affect the combined company’s ability to attract and retain key Genomic Solutions management, sales, marketing and technical personnel.

A significant portion of the servicessales cycle for Harvard Bioscience’s products is lengthy and it may spend significant time on sales opportunities with no assurance of any member of our senior management team, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chane Graziano, and our President, David Green, or any of our technical or scientific staff may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of product development and other business objectives. We maintain key person life insurance on Messrs. Graziano and Green. Our future success will also depend on oursuccess.

Harvard Bioscience’s ability to identify, recruitobtain customers for its products, specifically for products made by Union Biometrica and retain additional qualified scientific, technicalGenomic Solutions, depends in significant part upon the perception that its products can help accelerate drug discovery and managerial personnel. Competitiondevelopment efforts. The sales cycle for its systems is typically between three and six months due to the education effort that is required. Harvard Bioscience’s sales efforts often require sales presentations to various departments within a single customer, including research and development personnel and key management. In addition, Harvard Bioscience may be required to negotiate agreements containing terms unique to each customer. Harvard Bioscience may expend substantial funds and management effort with no assurance that it will successfully sell its systems or products to the customer.

Ethical concerns surrounding the use of genomic information and misunderstanding of the nature of its business could adversely affect  the Company’s ability to develop and sell its existing products and new products.

 

2938



 

qualified personnelGenetic screening of humans is used to determine individual predisposition to medical conditions. Genetic screening has raised ethical issues regarding the confidentiality and appropriate uses of the resulting information. Government authorities may regulate or prohibit the use of genetic screening to determine genetic predispositions to medical conditions. Additionally, the public may disfavor and reject the use of genetic screening.

Genomic and proteomic research is used to determine the role of genes and proteins in living organisms. The Company’s  products are designed and used for genomic and proteomic research and drug discovery and cannot be used for genetic screening without significant modification. However, it is possible that government authorities and the public may fail to distinguish between the genetic screening of humans and genomic and proteomic research. If this occurs, the Company’s products and the processes for which its products are used may be subjected to government regulations intended to affect genetic screening. Further, if the public fails to distinguish between the two fields, it may pressure the Company’s customers to discontinue the research and development initiatives for which the Company’s products are used.

The merger with Genomic Solutions may fail to qualify as a reorganization for federal income tax purposes, resulting in the technology area is intense,recognition of taxable gain or loss in respect of Harvard Bioscience’s treatment of the merger as a taxable sale.

Both Harvard Bioscience and we operate in several geographic locations where labor markets are particularly competitive, including Boston, Massachusetts and London and Cambridge, England, and where demandGenomic Solutions intend the merger to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Although the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, will not provide a ruling on the matter, Genomic Solutions has obtained a legal opinion from its tax counsel that the merger will constitute a reorganization for personnel with these skills is extremely high and is likelyfederal income tax purposes. This opinion does not bind the IRS or prevent the IRS from adopting a contrary position. If the merger fails to remain high.qualify as a reorganization, the merger would be treated as a deemed taxable sale of assets by Genomic Solutions for an amount equal to the merger consideration received by Genomic Solutions’ stockholders plus any liabilities assumed by Harvard Bioscience.  As successor to Genomic Solutions, Harvard Bioscience would be liable for any tax incurred by Genomic Solutions as a result competition for qualified personnel is intense, particularly in the areas of information technology, engineering and science and the process of hiring suitably qualified personnel is often lengthy. If we are unable to hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, our ability to conduct and expand our business could be seriously reduced.this deemed asset sale.

 

We planFailure to raise additional capital or generate the significant growth,capital necessary to expand its operations and thereinvest in new products could reduce Harvard Bioscience’s ability to compete and result in lower revenue.

Harvard Bioscience anticipates that its existing capital resources, including debt and equity, will enable it to maintain currently planned operations for the foreseeable future. However, this expectation is a risk that we will not be able to manage this growth. Our success will dependpremised on the expansioncurrent operating plan, which may change as a result of our operations. Effective growth management will place increased demands on our management, operationalmany factors, including market acceptance of new products and financial resources. To manage our growth, we must expand our facilities, augment our operational, financialfuture opportunities with collaborators. Consequently, Harvard Bioscience may need additional funding sooner than anticipated. Harvard Bioscience’s inability to raise capital could seriously harm its business and management systems, and hire and train additional qualified personnel. Our failure to manage this growth effectively could impair our ability to generate revenue or could cause our expenses to increase more rapidly than revenue, resulting in operating losses.product development efforts.

 

If Harvard Bioscience raises additional funds through the sale of equity or convertible debt or equity-linked securities, existing percentages of ownership in the company will be reduced. In addition, these transactions may dilute the value of outstanding Harvard Bioscience stock. Harvard Bioscience may issue securities that have rights, preferences and privileges senior to its common stock. If it raises additional funds through collaborations or licensing arrangements, Harvard Bioscience may relinquish rights to certain of its technologies or products, or grant licenses to third parties on terms that are unfavorable. Harvard Bioscience may be unable to raise additional funds on acceptable terms. If future financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, Harvard Bioscience may have to curtail operations or change its business strategy.

Because ourHarvard Bioscience’s stock price may become highly volatile, our stock pricehas fluctuated in the past and could experience substantial declines in the future and, ouras a result, management’s attention may be diverted from more productive tasks.

The market price of ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock has experienced significant fluctuations since its initial public offering in December 2000 and may become volatile and could decline in the future, perhaps substantially, in response to various factors, many of which are beyond ourits control, including:

 

                  technological innovations by competitors or in competing technologies,

 

                  revenues and operating results fluctuating or failing to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors in any quarter,

39



                  termination or suspension of equity research coverage by securities’ analysts,

 

                  comments of securites’ analysts and mistakes by or misinterpretation of comments from analysts,

downward revisions in securities analysts’ estimates or management guidance,

 

                  investment banks and securities’ analysts may themselves be subject to suits that may adversely affect the perception of the market,

conditions or trends in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries,

 

                  announcements by us of significant acquisitions or financings or changes in strategic partnerships, and

 

                  a decrease in the demand for ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock.

 

In addition, the stock market in general, and the Nasdaq National Market and the biotechnology industry market in particular, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that at times have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock, regardless of ourits operating performance. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. A securities class action suit against usHarvard Bioscience could result in substantial costs, potential liabilities and the diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

Provisions of Delaware law and of ourHarvard Bioscience’s charter and by-lawsbylaws may make a takeover more difficult which could cause ourits stock price to decline.

Provisions in ourHarvard Bioscience’s certificate of incorporation and by-lawsbylaws and in the Delaware corporate law may make it difficult and expensive for a third party to pursue a tender offer, change in control or takeover attempt which is opposed by our management and the board of directors. Public stockholders who might desire to participate in such a transaction may not have an opportunity to do so. WeHarvard Bioscience also havehas a staggered board of directors that makes it difficult for stockholders to change the composition of the board of directors in any one year. These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the ability of public stockholders to change ourHarvard Bioscience’s management and board of directors. Such provisions may also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock in the future.

 

Failure to raise additional capital or generateAn active trading market for Harvard Bioscience’s common stock may not be sustained.

Although Harvard Bioscience’s common stock is quoted on the significant capital necessary to expand our operations and invest in new products could reduce our ability to compete and result in lower revenue. We anticipate that our existing capital resources and the net proceeds from our initial public offering will enable us to maintain currently planned operationsNasdaq National Market, an active trading market for the foreseeable future. However, we premise this expectation on our current operating plan, whichshares may change as a result of many factors, including market acceptance of our new products and future opportunities with collaborators. Consequently, we may need additional funding sooner than anticipated. Our inability to raise capital could seriously harm our business and product development efforts.

30



If we raise additional funds through the sale of equity or convertible debt or equity-linked securities, existing percentages of ownership in the company willnot be reduced. In addition, these transactions may dilute the value of our outstanding stock. We may issue securities that have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock. If we raise additional funds through collaborations or licensing arrangements, we may relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products, or grant licenses to third parties on terms that are unfavorable to us. We may be unable to raise additional funds on terms acceptable to us. If future financing is not available to us or is not available on terms acceptable to us, we may have to curtail or cease operations.sustained.

 

Future issuance of our preferred stock may dilute the rights of ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stockholders.Our

Harvard Bioscience’s board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the price, privileges and other terms of these shares. The board of directors may exercise this authority without any further approval of our stockholders. The rights of the holders of common stock may be adversely affected by the rights of future holders of our preferred stock.

Cash dividends will not be paid on ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock.We intend

Harvard Bioscience intends to retain all of ourits earnings to finance the expansion and development of ourits business and dodoes not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of ourHarvard Bioscience’s common stock will be our stockholders’a stockholder’s sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

 

40


An active trading market for our common stock may not be sustained
. Although our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, an active trading market for our shares may not be sustained.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

 

We manufacture and test the majority of products in research centers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Austria. We sell our products globally through our direct catalog sales, direct sales force and indirect distributor channels.  As a result, our financial results are affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates and weak economic conditions in foreign markets.

 

We collect amounts representing a substantial portion of our revenues and pay amounts representing a substantial portion of our operating expenses in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in currency exchange rates from time to time may affect our operating results. Historically, we have not hedged our foreign currency position. Currently, we attempt to manage foreign currency risk through the matching of assets and liabilities. However, as our sales expand internationally, we plan to evaluate currency risks and we may enter into foreign exchange contracts from time to time to mitigate foreign currency exposure.

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 

The consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed under Item 1415 below.

 

Item 9. Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

 

None.

 

31



PART III

 

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of Registrant.

 

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, in connection with the 20022003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.  Information concerning executive officers of the Registrant is included in Part I of this Report as Item 4.A.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

 

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, in connection with the 20022003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, in connection with the 20022003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.

 

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, in connection with the 20022003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 14. Controls and Procedures.

(a)                                  Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

As required by new Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within the 90 days prior to the date of this report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.  In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we and our management recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that they believe that, as of the date of completion of the

41



evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were reasonably effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.  In connection with the new rules, we will continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, on an ongoing basis, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

(b)                                 Changes in internal controls.

None.

 

PART IV

 

Item 14.15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K.

 

(a) (1)  Financial Statements.

 

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

 

1.Independent Auditors’ Report.

1.

Independent Auditors’ Report.

2.

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2001.

3.

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.

4.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.

5.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.

6.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

2.Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000.

3.Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999.

4.Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999.

5.Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and

1999.

6.Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(a) (2)  Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules.

 

None required.

 

(a) (3)  Exhibits.

 

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report. Where such filing is made by incorporation by reference to a previously filed document, such document is identified.

 

*(1)2.1

 

Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 2, 1999 by and among Biochrom Limited and Pharmacia Biotech Limited and Pharmacia & Upjohn, Inc. and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

 

32



*(1)2.2

 

Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 14, 2000 by and between Harvard Apparatus, Inc., AmiKa Corporation and Ashok Shukla.

 

 

 

**(2)2.3

 

Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of May 31, 2001 by and among Harvard Bioscience, Inc., Union Biometrica, Inc. and Union Biometrica, Inc.

 

 

 

*(3)2.4

Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Harvard Bioscience, Inc., HAG Acq. Corp. and Genomic Solutions, Inc., dates as of July 17, 2002 (excluding schedules and exhibits which Harvard Bioscience, Inc. agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request).

42



(1)3.1

 

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.

 

 

 

*(1)3.2

 

Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant.

 

 

 

*(1)4.1

 

Specimen certificate for shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Registrant.

 

 

 

*(1)4.2

 

Amended and Restated Securityholders’ Agreement dated as of March 2, 1999 by and among Harvard Apparatus, Inc., Pioneer Partnership II, Pioneer Capital Corp., First New England Capital, L.P. and Citizens Capital, Inc. and Chane Graziano and David Green.

 

 

 

*(1)10.1

 

Harvard Apparatus, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan.

 

 

 

*(1)10.2

 

Harvard Bioscience, Inc. 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan.

 

 

 

*(1)10.3

 

Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

 

 

+(4)10.4

 

Distribution Agreement dated August 1, 20022001 by and between Biochrom Limited and Amersham Pharmacia Biotech UK Limited.

 

 

 

*(1)10.5

 

Employment Agreement between Harvard Bioscience and Chane Graziano.

 

 

 

*(1)10.6

 

Employment Agreement between Harvard Bioscience and David Green.

 

 

 

*(1)10.8

 

Form of Director Indemnification Agreement.

 

 

 

(4)10.9

 

Lease Agreement dated January 3, 2002 between Seven October Hill LLC and Harvard Bioscience, Inc.

 

 

 

*10.11(1)10.10

 

Lease of Unit 22 Phase I Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge dated March 3, 1999 between The Master Fellows and Scholars of Trinity College Cambridge, Biochrom Limited and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

 

(3)10.11

Employment Agreement between Genomics Solutions and Jeff Williams

 

 

 

*(5)10.12

 

Lease Agreement for Commercial Premisesbetween Genomic Solutions Inc. and Highland Industrial Properties, L.L.C., dated November 6, 1999 made between Mr. Heinz Dehnert, Grunstrabe 1, 79232 March-Hugstetten, Lessor and the Company of Harvard Apparatus GmbH, Lessee.

August 7, 1997

 

 

 

*(6)10.13

 

AmendedFourth Addendum to Lease between Genomic Solutions Inc. and Restated Loan and Security AgreementHighland Industrial Properties, L.L.C., dated March 2, 1999 between Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., BankBoston N.A. and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

May 17, 2000

 

 

 

*(7)10.14

AmendmentFifth Addendum to Lease between Genomic Solutions Inc. and WaiverHighland Industrial Properties, L.L.C., dated December 31, 1999 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Fleet National Bank (formerly known as BankBoston N.A.) and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

September 10, 2001

 

 

 

*(7)10.15

 

Second AmendmentLease between Cartesian Technologies, Inc. and Airport Industrial Complex, dated July 14, 2000 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Fleet National Bank (formerly known as BankBoston N.A.) and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

February 5, 2002

 

 

 

*10.16

 

Third AmendmentLease between Genomic Solutions Inc. and County Road Properties, dated October 25, 2000 to AmendedMarch 8, 2003 and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Fleet National Bank (formerly known as BankBoston N.A.) and Harvard Apparatus, Inc.

first Addendum thereto, dated March 10, 2003.

 

 

 

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

 

33



23.1

 

Consent of KPMG LLP.

43



99.1

 

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 906 – Certification of Chief Executive Officer

99.2

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 906 – Certification of Chief Financial Officer

 


*(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-45996) and incorporated by reference thereto.

 

**(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s report on Form 8-K/A (filed August 14, 2001 and incorporated by reference thereto.)

 

(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-98927) and incorporated by reference thereto.

(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (filed April 1, 2002 and incorporated by reference thereto.)

(5) Previously filed as an exhibit to Genomic Solutions Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-30246) and incorporated by reference thereto.

(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to Genomic Solutions Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (filed April 2, 2001 and incorporated by reference thereto.)

(7) Previously filed as an exhibit to Genomic Solutions Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (filed April 1, 2002 and incorporated by reference thereto.)

+ Certain portions of this document have been omitted pursuant to agranted confidential treatment request filed withby the Securities and Exchange Commission (theCommission(the “Commission”).  The omitted portions have been filed separately with the Commission.

 

The Company will furnish to stockholders a copy of any exhibit without charge upon written request.

 

(b)                                 Reports on Form 8-K.

1.               Form 8-K filed July 19, 2002 – reporting the signing of the Agreement and Plan of Merger among the Company, HAG Acq. Corp. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company) and Genomic Solutions Inc.

None.2.               Form 8-K filed August 15, 2002 – reporting the submission to the Securities and Exchange Commission the certification required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

3.               Form 8-K filed September 23, 2002 – reporting the filing of a prospectus supplement to the Company’s prospectus dated September 17, 2002.

4.               Form 8-K filed November 7, 2002 – reporting the completion of the Company’s acquisition of Genomic Solutions, Inc. pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated July 17, 2002.

5.               Form 8-K filed March 3, 2003 – reporting the signing of an Asset Purchase Agreement among Genomic Solutions  Inc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Genomic Instrumentation Services, Inc., d/b/a/ GeneMachines.

6.     Form 8-K filed March 25, 2003 – reporting the completion of the aquisition of Genomic Instrumentation Services, Inc., d/b/a GeneMachines.

 

3444



 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

 

The Board of Directors

Harvard Bioscience, Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of  December 31, 20012002 and 2000,2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit) and comprehensive loss,income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2001.2002. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20012002 and 2000,2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2001,2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective JulyJanuary 1, 2001,2002, the Company fully adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 141, “Business Combinations” and certain provisions of SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” as required for goodwill and intangible assets resulting from business combinations consummated afterprior to June 30, 2001.

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

February 15, 2002

March 3, 2003, except as to Note 22,
which is as of March 12, 2003
Boston, Massachusetts

 

3545



HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents (note 7)

 

$

15,313,280

 

$

29,385,455

 

Trade accounts receivable, net of reserve for uncollectible accounts of $144,058 and $97,597 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, (note 19)

 

13,916,563

 

6,490,189

 

Other receivable and other assets

 

478,566

 

1,114,142

 

Inventories (note 5)

 

15,467,268

 

5,972,708

 

Catalog costs

 

282,690

 

243,878

 

Prepaid expenses

 

1,882,943

 

700,227

 

Deferred tax asset (note 13)

 

1,072,943

 

846,291

 

Total current assets

 

48,414,253

 

44,752,890

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net (notes 6 and 10)

 

5,918,029

 

3,505,742

 

Other assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Catalog costs, less current portion

 

 

60,225

 

Deferred tax asset (note 13)

 

668,902

 

256,131

 

Goodwill and other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $2,289,554 and$2,743,908 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively (notes 3 and 4)

 

51,345,704

 

33,194,508

 

Other assets (note 12)

 

1,236,613

 

592,275

 

Total other assets

 

53,548,824

 

34,103,139

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

$

107,583,501

 

$

82,361,771

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Current installments of long-term debt (note 7)

 

$

699,005

 

$

3,894,088

 

Trade accounts payable

 

5,524,688

 

3,100,414

 

Deferred revenue

 

1,458,703

 

599,535

 

Accrued income taxes payable

 

1,150,642

 

1,442,311

 

Accrued expenses (note 17)

 

7,362,343

 

2,912,201

 

Other liabilities

 

403,244

 

207,339

 

Total current liabilities

 

16,598,625

 

12,155,888

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt, less current installments (note 7)

 

399,965

 

637,153

 

Deferred income tax liability (note 13)

 

930,251

 

2,756,861

 

Other liabilities

 

1,273,433

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

 

2,603,649

 

3,394,014

 

Total liabilities

 

19,202,274

 

15,549,902

 

Commitments and contingencies (notes 10, 14, 18 and 21)

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity  (notes 8,9,14 and 20):

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 80,000,000 shares authorized; 34,692,050 and 31,339,373 shares issued and  30,031,266 and 26,678,589 shares outstanding at December 31, 2002 and  2001

 

346,921

 

313,394

 

Additional paid-in-capital – stock options

 

6,208,515

 

5,837,474

 

Additional paid-in-capital – common stock

 

165,413,193

 

147,455,103

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(82,850,958

)

(83,588,285

)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

894,431

 

(789,134

)

Notes receivable

 

(963,130

)

(1,748,938

)

Treasury stock, 4,660,784 common shares, at cost

 

(667,745

)

(667,745

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

88,381,227

 

66,811,869

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

107,583,501

 

$

82,361,771

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

46



HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Product revenues

 

$

56,343,610

 

$

40,005,442

 

$

30,574,800

 

Research revenues

 

1,036,772

 

862,945

 

 

Total revenues (notes 15 and 19)

 

57,380,382

 

40,868,387

 

30,574,800

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product revenues

 

28,823,765

 

20,179,762

 

15,833,338

 

General and administrative expense

 

9,187,125

 

7,000,638

 

5,181,299

 

Restructuring and severance related expense

 

783,824

 

459,925

 

 

Sales and marketing expense

 

8,435,145

 

4,840,468

 

3,185,340

 

Research and development expense

 

4,145,997

 

3,178,591

 

1,532,896

 

Stock compensation expense

 

1,269,397

 

2,678,743

 

14,675,299

 

In-process research and development expense (note 3)

 

1,551,400

 

5,447,000

 

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,542,759

 

1,743,821

 

604,191

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

 

1,640,970

 

(4,660,561

)

(10,437,563

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency gain (loss)

 

402,373

 

(99,566

)

(324,153

)

Common stock warrant interest expense (note 9)

 

 

 

(36,884,915

)

Interest expense

 

(104,175

)

(6,869

)

(916,210

)

Interest income

 

445,674

 

1,358,554

 

159,849

 

Amortization of deferred financing costs

 

 

 

(152,683

)

Other

 

(36,497

)

(10,023

)

45,291

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense), net

 

707,375

 

1,242,096

 

(38,072,821

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

2,348,345

 

(3,418,465

)

(48,510,384

)

Income taxes (note 13)

 

1,611,018

 

1,789,953

 

1,359,401

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

737,327

 

(5,208,418

)

(49,869,785

)

Accrual of preferred stock dividends (note 8)

 

 

 

(136,151

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income (loss) per share (note 16):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

Diluted

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

27,090,054

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

Diluted

 

27,597,564

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

47



 

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSSTATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002, 2001 AND 2000

 

 

December 31,

 

Assets

 

2001

 

2000

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents (note 6)

 

$

29,385,455

 

$

35,816,994

 

Trade accounts receivable, net of reserve for uncollectible accounts of $97,597 and $88,955 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, (note 18)

 

6,490,189

 

4,697,663

 

Other receivable and other assets

 

1,114,142

 

1,237,414

 

Inventories (note 4)

 

5,972,708

 

3,722,180

 

Catalog costs

 

243,878

 

453,209

 

Prepaid expenses

 

700,227

 

478,562

 

Deferred tax asset (note 12)

 

846,291

 

513,458

 

Total current assets

 

44,752,890

 

46,919,480

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net (notes 5 and 9)

 

3,505,742

 

1,715,726

 

Other assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Catalog costs, less current portion

 

60,225

 

105,182

 

Deferred tax asset (note 12)

 

256,131

 

57,478

 

Goodwill and other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $2,743,908 and $1,000,087 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively (note 3)

 

33,194,508

 

9,562,385

 

Other assets (note 11)

 

592,275

 

448,273

 

Total other assets

 

34,103,139

 

10,173,318

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

$

82,361,771

 

$

58,808,524

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Current installments of long-term debt (note 6)

 

$

3,894,088

 

$

6,644

 

Trade accounts payable

 

3,100,414

 

2,117,446

 

Deferred revenue

 

599,535

 

 

Accrued income taxes payable

 

1,442,311

 

669,788

 

Accrued expenses (note 16)

 

2,912,201

 

3,305,560

 

Other liabilities

 

207,339

 

268,075

 

Total current liabilities

 

12,155,888

 

6,367,513

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt, less current installments (note 6)

 

637,153

 

1,142

 

Deferred income tax liability (note 12)

 

2,756,861

 

104,946

 

Total long-term liabilities

 

3,394,014

 

106,088

 

Total liabilities

 

15,549,902

 

6,473,601

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity  (notes 7,8,13 and 19):

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 80,000,000 shares authorized; 31,339,373 and 29,442,632 shares issued and outstanding at December 31 2001 and 2000, respectively

 

313,394

 

294,426

 

Additional paid-in-capital — stock options

 

5,837,474

 

4,635,949

 

Additional paid-in-capital — common stock

 

147,455,103

 

128,594,672

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(83,588,285

)

(78,379,867

)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

(789,134

)

(554,573

)

Notes receivable

 

(1,748,938

)

(1,587,939

)

Treasury stock, 4,660,784 common shares, at cost

 

(667,745

)

(667,745

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

66,811,869

 

52,334,923

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

82,361,771

 

$

58,808,524

 

 

 

Number
Of shares
Outstanding

 

Common
Stock

 

Additional
Paid-in
Capital -
Stock
Options

 

Additional
Paid-in
Capital -
Common
Stock

 

Accumulated
Deficit

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)

 

Notes
Receivable

 

Treasury
Stock

 

Total
Stockholders’
Equity
(Deficit)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 1999

 

10,259,410

 

$

102,604

 

$

3,283,164

 

 

$

(28,373,931

)

$

(54,690

)

 

$

(667,745

)

$

(25,710,598

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

 

 

 

(136,151

)

 

 

 

(136,151

)

Issuance of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Initial public offering

 

6,250,000

 

62,500

 

 

44,731,292

 

 

 

 

 

44,793,792

 

Preferred stock conversion

 

955,935

 

9,559

 

 

990,441

 

 

 

 

 

1,000,000

 

Common stock warrants

 

8,509,333

 

85,093

 

 

67,994,187

 

 

 

 

 

68,079,280

 

Stock option exercises

 

3,467,954

 

34,670

 

(13,322,514

)

14,878,752

 

 

 

(1,587,939

)

 

2,969

 

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

14,675,299

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,675,299

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(49,869,785

)

 

 

 

(49,869,785

)

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(499,883

)

 

 

(499,883

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(50,369,668

)

Balance at December 31, 2000

 

29,442,632

 

$

294,426

 

$

4,635,949

 

$

128,594,672

 

$

(78,379,867

)

$

(554,573

)

$

(1,587,939

)

$

(667,745

)

$

52,334,923

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Underwriters overallotment

 

937,500

 

9,375

 

 

6,964,735

 

 

 

 

 

6,974,110

 

Business acquisitions

 

659,282

 

6,593

 

2,781,222

 

7,140,024

 

 

 

 

 

9,927,839

 

Stock option exercises

 

288,075

 

2,881

 

(4,419,439

)

4,653,564

 

 

 

 

 

237,006

 

Stock purchase plan

 

11,884

 

119

 

 

102,108

 

 

 

 

 

102,227

 

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

2,678,743

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,678,743

 

Accrued interest shareholder note

 

 

 

 

 

160,999

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(160,999

)

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

(5,208,418

)

 

 

 

(5,208,418

)

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

(234,561

)

 

 

(234,561

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5,442,979

)

Balance at December 31, 2001

 

31,339,373

 

$

313,394

 

$

5,837,474

 

$

147,455,103

 

$

(83,588,285

)

$

(789,134

)

$

(1,748,938

)

$

(667,745

)

$

66,811,869

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Business acquisitions

 

3,195,083

 

31,951

 

 

16,766,165

 

 

 

 

 

16,798,116

 

Stock option exercises

 

128,355

 

1,284

 

(998,857

)

1,088,450

 

 

 

 

 

90,877

 

Stock purchase plan

 

29,239

 

292

 

 

103,475

 

 

 

 

 

103,767

 

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

1,269,397

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,269,397

 

Shareholder note

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued interest

 

 

 

100,501

 

 

 

 

(100,501

)

 

 

Note repayment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

886,309

 

 

886,309

 

Comprehensive income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

737,327

 

 

 

 

737,327

 

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,526,789

 

 

 

2,526,789

 

Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

(843,224

)

 

 

(843,224

)

Total comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,420,892

 

Balance at December 31, 2002

 

34,692,050

 

$

346,921

 

$

6,208,515

 

$

165,413,193

 

$

(82,850,958

)

$

894,431

 

$

(963,130

)

$

(667,745

)

$

88,381,227

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

3648



 

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSCASH FLOWS

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Product revenues

 

$

40,005,442

 

$

30,574,800

 

$

26,177,814

 

Research revenues

 

862,945

 

 

 

Total revenues (notes 14 and 18)

 

40,868,387

 

30,574,800

 

26,177,814

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product revenue

 

20,179,762

 

15,833,338

 

13,546,933

 

General and administrative expense

 

7,000,638

 

5,181,299

 

4,146,564

 

Severance and other related costs

 

459,925

 

 

 

Sales and marketing expense

 

4,840,468

 

3,185,340

 

2,448,505

 

Research and development expense

 

3,178,591

 

1,532,896

 

1,187,584

 

Stock compensation expense

 

2,678,743

 

14,675,299

 

3,283,164

 

In-process research and development expense (note 3)

 

5,447,000

 

 

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,743,821

 

604,191

 

368,235

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating (loss) income

 

(4,660,561

)

(10,437,563

)

1,196,829

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense) income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency loss

 

(99,566

)

(324,153

)

(47,982

)

Common stock warrant interest expense (note 8)

 

 

(36,884,915

)

(29,694,019

)

Interest expense

 

(6,869

)

(916,210

)

(679,122

)

Interest income

 

1,358,554

 

159,849

 

22,767

 

Amortization of deferred financing costs

 

 

(152,683

)

(63,442

)

Other

 

(10,023

)

45,291

 

(17,468

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income (expense), net

 

1,242,096

 

(38,072,821

)

(30,479,266

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

 

(3,418,465

)

(48,510,384

)

(29,282,437

)

Income taxes (note 12)

 

1,789,953

 

1,359,401

 

137,480

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

(5,208,418

)

(49,869,785

)

(29,419,917

)

Accrual of preferred stock dividends

 

 

(136,151

)

(156,586

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss available to common shareholders

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

$

(29,576,503

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss per share (note 15):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

Diluted

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

Diluted

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(49,869,785

)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock warrant interest expense

 

 

 

36,884,915

 

Stock compensation expense

 

1,269,397

 

2,678,743

 

14,675,299

 

In-process research and development expense

 

1,551,400

 

5,447,000

 

 

Impairment loss on write down of intangible assets

 

 

162,090

 

 

Depreciation

 

1,114,125

 

622,090

 

393,357

 

Amortization of catalog costs

 

352,659

 

605,108

 

340,037

 

Gain on sale of fixed assets

 

 

(36

)

(2,207

)

Provision for bad debts

 

23,411

 

8,978

 

2,430

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,542,759

 

1,743,821

 

604,191

 

Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs

 

 

 

152,683

 

Deferred income taxes

 

(555,462

)

193,628

 

927,665

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in accounts receivable

 

(3,739,516

)

(691,318

)

(737,414

)

(Increase) decrease in other receivables

 

1,106,591

 

37,433

 

(1,045,776

)

(Increase) decrease in inventories

 

1,312,088

 

(637,426

)

(737,737

)

(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets

 

(904,888

)

11,272

 

85,555

 

(Increase) decrease in other assets

 

183,596

 

396,962

 

(108,492

)

Increase (decrease) in trade accounts payable

 

(628,622

)

(47,727

)

324,672

 

Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes payable

 

(486,034

)

631,716

 

(225,672

)

Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses

 

(1,353,735

)

234,614

 

442,794

 

Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue

 

216,593

 

(1,204,386

)

 

Increase (decrease) in other liabilities

 

(942,225

)

(889,113

)

39,395

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

799,464

 

4,095,032

 

2,145,810

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additions to property, plant and equipment

 

(1,306,730

)

(1,838,851

)

(629,518

)

Additions to catalog costs

 

(324,108

)

(358,402

)

(673,811

)

Proceeds from sales of fixed assets

 

113

 

5,626

 

2,658

 

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

 

(10,735,975

)

(17,984,128

)

(4,031,625

)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(12,366,700

)

(20,175,755

)

(5,332,296

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from short-term debt

 

 

 

1,600,000

 

Repayments of short-term debt

 

 

(3,800,000

)

 

 

Proceeds from long-term debt

 

 

4,325,519

 

2,000,000

 

Repayments of long-term debt

 

(3,744,850

)

(507,395

)

(7,859,328

)

Dividends paid

 

 

 

(171,072

)

Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

 

 

 

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

 

(1,500,000

)

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

600,374

 

5,880,318

 

46,250,994

 

Net cash provided (used) by financing activities

 

(3,144,476

)

9,698,442

 

36,520,594

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

639,537

 

(49,258

)

86,833

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

(14,072,175

)

(6,431,539

)

33,420,941

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

 

29,385,455

 

35,816,994

 

2,396,053

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year

 

$

15,313,280

 

$

29,385,455

 

$

35,816,994

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non cash investing and financing activity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock and options issued for acquisition

 

$

17,278,689

 

$

9,927,839

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for interest

 

$

111,812

 

$

6,600

 

$

1,008,673

 

Cash paid for income taxes

 

$

2,087,454

 

$

729,886

 

$

1,571,192

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

3749



 

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 

 

Number
Of shares
Outstanding

 

Common
Stock

 

Additional
Paid-in
Capital-
Stock
Options

 

Additional
Paid-in
Capital-
Stock
Options

 

Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

 

Notes
Receivable

 

Treasury
Stock

 

Total
Stockholders'
Equity(Deficit)

 

Balance at December 31, 1998

 

10,259,410

 

$

102,604

 

$

 

$

 

$

1,277,398

 

$

(34,720

)

$

 

$

(667,745

)

$

677,537

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

 

 

 

 

(156,586

)

 

 

 

(156,586

Preferred stock issuance costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

(74,826

)

 

 

 

(74,826

)

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

 

3,283,164

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,283,164

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(29,419,917

)

 

 

 

(29,419,917

)

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(19,970

)

 

 

(19,970

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(29,439,887

)

Balance at December 31, 1999

 

10,259,410

 

102,604

 

3,283,164

 

 

(28,373,931

)

(54,690

)

 

(667,745

)

(25,710,598

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

 

 

 

(136,151

)

 

 

 

(136,151

)

Issuance of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Initial public offering

 

6,250,000

 

62,500

 

 

44,731,292

 

 

 

 

 

44,793,792

 

Preferred stock conversion

 

955,935

 

9,559

 

 

990,441

 

 

 

 

 

1,000,000

 

Common stock warrants

 

8,509,333

 

85,093

 

 

67,994,187

 

 

 

 

 

68,079,280

 

Stock option exercises

 

3,467,954

 

34,670

 

(13,322,514

)

14,878,752

 

 

 

(1,587,939

)

 

2,969

 

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

 

14,675,299

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,675,299

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(49,869,785

)

 

 

 

(49,869,785

)

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(499,883

)

 

 

(499,883

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(50,369,668

)

Balance at December 31, 2000

 

29,442,632

 

294,426

 

4,635,949

 

128,594,672

 

(78,379,867

)

(554,573

)

(1,587,939

)

(667,745

)

52,334,923

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Underwriters overallotment

 

937,500

 

9,375

 

 

6,964,735

 

 

 

 

 

6,974,110

 

Business acquisitions

 

659,282

 

6,593

 

2,781,222

 

7,140,024

 

 

 

 

 

9,927,839

 

Stock option exercises

 

288,075

 

2,881

 

(4,419,439

)

4,653,564

 

 

 

 

 

237,006

 

Stock purchase plan

 

11,884

 

119

 

 

102,108

 

 

 

 

 

102,227

 

Stock compensation expense

 

 

 

 

2,678,743

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,678,743

 

Accrued interest shareholder note

 

 

 

160,999

 

 

 

 

(160,999

)

 

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5,208,418

)

 

 

 

(5,208,418

)

Translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(234,561

)

 

 

(234,561

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5,442,979

)

Balance at December 31, 2001

 

31,339,373

 

$

313,394

 

$

5,837,474

 

$

147,455,103

 

$

(83,588,285

)

$

(789,134

)

$

(1,748,938

)

$

(667,745

)

$

66,811,869

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

38



HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(49,869,785

)

$

(29,419,917

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock warrant interest expense

 

 

36,884,915

 

29,694,019

 

Stock compensation expense

 

2,678,743

 

14,675,299

 

3,283,164

 

In-process research and development expense

 

5,447,000

 

 

 

Impairment loss on write down of intangible assets

 

162,090

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

622,090

 

393,357

 

331,822

 

Amortization of catalog costs

 

605,108

 

340,037

 

493,428

 

Loss (gain) on sale of fixed assets

 

(36

)

(2,207

)

7,584

 

Provision for bad debts

 

8,978

 

2,430

 

26,877

 

Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles

 

1,743,821

 

604,191

 

368,235

 

Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs

 

 

152,683

 

63,442

 

Deferred income taxes

 

(193,628

)

927,665

 

(1,310,325

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable

 

(691,318

)

(737,414

)

(2,282,344

)

(Increase) decrease in other receivables

 

37,433

 

(1,045,776

)

(113,949

)

(Increase) decrease in inventories

 

(637,426

)

(737,737

)

215,152

 

(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets

 

11,272

 

85,555

 

(260,285

)

(Increase) decrease in other assets

 

396,962

 

(108,492

)

(202,460

)

Increase (decrease) in trade accounts payable

 

(47,727

)

324,672

 

541,065

 

Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes payable

 

631,716

 

(225,672

)

797,633

 

Increase in accrued expenses

 

234,614

 

442,794

 

666,637

 

Decrease in deferred revenue

 

(1,204,386

)

 

 

Increase (decrease) in other liabilities

 

(501,857

)

39,395

 

26,663

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

4,095,032

 

2,145,810

 

2,926,441

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additions to property, plant and equipment

 

(1,838,851

)

(629,518

)

(332,474

)

Additions to catalog costs

 

(358,402

)

(673,811

)

(121,644

)

Proceeds from sales of fixed assets

 

5,626

 

2,658

 

34,566

 

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

 

(17,984,128

)

(4,031,625

)

(8,126,656

)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(20,175,755

)

(5,332,296

)

(8,546,208

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from short-term debt

 

 

1,600,000

 

2,300,000

 

Repayments of short-term debt

 

 

(3,800,000

)

(1,150,000

)

Proceeds from long-term debt

 

4,325,519

 

2,000,000

 

5,500,000

 

Repayments of long-term debt

 

(507,395

)

(7,859,328

)

(460,663

)

Dividends paid

 

 

(171,072

)

(121,666

)

Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

 

 

 

925,174

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

(1,500,000

)

 

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

5,880,318

 

46,250,994

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

9,698,442

 

36,520,594

 

6,992,845

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

(49,258

)

86,833

 

66,204

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

(6,431,539

)

33,420,941

 

1,439,282

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

 

35,816,994

 

2,396,053

 

956,771

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year

 

$

29,385,455

 

$

35,816,994

 

$

2,396,053

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non cash investing and financing activity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock and options issued for acquisition

 

$

9,927,839

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for interest

 

$

6,600

 

$

1,008,673

 

$

671,452

 

Cash paid for income taxes

 

$

729,886

 

$

1,571,192

 

$

686,675

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

39



HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

(1)                                 Organization

 

On March 15, 1996, HAI Acquisition Corp. and its subsidiary, Guell Limited, purchased certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the former Harvard Apparatus, Inc. and its subsidiary in the United Kingdom, Harvard Apparatus, Ltd. (the “Purchase”) for cash consideration of approximately $3,342,000 (including $342,000 of acquisition related expenses). After the date of the Purchase, HAI Acquisition Corp. and Guell Limited legally changed their names to Harvard Apparatus, Inc. and Harvard Apparatus, Ltd., respectively. On November 29, 2000, Harvard Apparatus, Inc. changed its name to Harvard Bioscience, Inc.

 

We are global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a providerbroad range of innovative, enabling tools forspecialized products, primarily scientific instruments, used to accelerate drug discovery research at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government research laboratories.laboratories worldwide. We focus on critical bottleneckssell our products to thousands of researchers in over 100 countries through our direct sales force, our 1,000 page catalog (and various other specialty catalogs), and through distributors, including Amersham Biosciences and PerkinElmer. We have sales and manufacturing operations in the drug discovery process - target validation, assay developmentUnited States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and ADMET screening.  Our ADMET screening products enables our customers to test drug candidates to determine their absorption, distribution, metabolism, eliminationBelgium with sales facilities in Japan, France and toxicology properties prior to conducting costly clinical trials.Canada.

 

(2)`                                 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

(a)           Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Harvard Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

(b)           Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the use of management’s estimates. Such estimates include the determination and establishment of certain accruals and provisions, including those for inventory obsolescence, catalog cost amortization periods, tax and reserves for bad debts. In addition, certain estimates are required in order to determine the value of assets and in-process research and development associated with acquisitions.  Estimates are also required to evaluate the recoverability of existing long lived and intangible assets, including goodwill.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

(c)          Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

For purposes of the consolidated balance sheets and statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

(d)           Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in first-out (FIFO) method.

 

(e)           Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Equipment under capital leases is stated at the present value of the minimum lease payments at the lease agreement date. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

50



 

Buildings

 

40 years

Machinery and equipment

 

3-10 years

Computer equipment

 

3-7 years

Furniture and fixtures

 

5-10 years

Automobiles

 

4-6 years

40



 

Property and equipment held under capital leases and leasehold improvements are amortized straight line over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset.  Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included with depreciation expense.

 

(f)            Catalog Costs

 

Significant costs of product catalog design, development and production are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the catalog (usually one to three years). Costs of drawings and design that were acquired at the purchase on March 15, 1996 are being amortized over their estimated useful life of seven years.

 

(g)           Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

(h)           Foreign Currency Translation

 

All assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at exchange rates in effect at year-end. Income and expenses are translated at rates which approximate those in effect on the transaction dates. The resulting translation adjustment is recorded, as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) in accumulated other comprehensive lossincome (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets.  Effective January 1, 2002, certain debt between the Company and its foreign subsidiaries is being treated as a long-term investment rather than as debt with repayment expected in the foreseeable future as previously treated.  For the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company did not record a foreign currency gain adjustment in its income statement related to this intercompany debt. Instead the Company recorded the effect of the exchange rate fluctuation as a currency translation adjustment, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity (deficit).

 

(i)            Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance withapplies the provisionsintrinsic-value-based method of accounting prescribed by Accounting PrinciplePrinciples Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,( and related interpretations including Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 44, Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation, an interpretation of APB Opinion

51



No. 25)25, issued in March 2000, to account for its fixed-plan stock options. Under this method, compensation expense is recorded, using the graded method, on the date of grant only if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Transition and complies withDisclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123, provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the disclosure provisionsfair-value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-BasedStock Based Compensation,.  Under APB 25, compensation cost is recognized basedand amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123. As allowed by SFAS No. 148 and 123, the Company has elected to continue to apply the intrinsic-value-based method of accounting described above, and has adopted only the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148. The following table illustrates the effect on net income (loss) if the difference, if any, on the date of grant between the fair value of the Company’s stock and the amount an employee must payfair-value-based method had been applied to acquire the stock.all outstanding awards in each period.

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Net income(loss) available to common stockholders, as reported

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

Add: stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax

 

1,222,076

 

2,622,726

 

14,458,611

 

Deduct: total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair-value based method for all rewards, net of tax

 

4,794,772

 

3,124,647

 

14,610,415

 

Pro forma net loss

 

$

(2,835,369

)

$

(5,710,339

)

$

(50,157,740

)

Basic net income (loss) per share

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

Pro forma basic net loss per share

 

$

(0.10

)

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

Diluted net income (loss) per share

 

$

0.03

 

$

(.020

)

$

(6.25

)

Pro forma diluted net loss per share

 

$

(0.10

)

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

 

(j)            Income (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented.  The computation of diluted income per share is similar to the computation of basic income per share, except that the denominator is increased for the assumed exercise of dilutive options and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method unless the effect is antidilutive.  For all periods presented,2001 and 2000, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share as the inclusion of common stock equivalents would be antidilutive.

 

(k)           Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

The Company follows SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income (Loss).  SFAS No. 130 requires companies to report all changes in equity during a period, resulting from net income (loss) and transactions from non-owner sources, in a financial statement in the period in which they are recognized.

41



The Company has chosen to disclose comprehensive income (loss), which encompasses, net loss andof tax, net income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustments and a pension minimum additional liability adjustment, net of tax, in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit). As of December 31, 2002, accumulated comprehensive income consisted of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments of $1,737,655 and a minimum pension liability adjustment of $(843,224). As of December 31, 2001, accumulated comprehensive loss of $(789,134) consisted entirely of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

52



 

(l)            Revenue Recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at the time of shipment or installation when applicable. Product returns are estimated and provided for based on historical experience.  For longlong- term collaboration agreements, revenue is recognized based on the costs incurred, which are included as part of research and development expense, as the related work on the contracts progress.

 

(m)          Goodwill and Other Intangibles

 

Goodwill which represents the excess of purchase pricecosts over fair value of netassets of businesses acquired. The Company fully adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as of January 1, 2002. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.  SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.

In connection with SFAS No. 142’s transitional goodwill impairment evaluation, the Statement required the Company to perform an assessment of whether there was an indication that goodwill is impaired as of the date of adoption. To accomplish this, the Company was required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units as of January 1, 2002. The Company was required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit within six months of January 1, 2002. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to perform the second step of the transitional impairment test, as this is an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired. The second step was not required as the Company identified one reporting unit, the fair value of which exceeded its carrying value. The Company has chosen the fourth quarter to perform its annual impairment test.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 142, goodwill was amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected periods to be benefited, ranging fromgenerally 5 to 15 years. At December 31, 2001years, and December 31, 2000, goodwill totaled $22.2 million and $9.6 million, net of accumulatedassessed for recoverability by determining whether the amortization of $2.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2001,the goodwill balance over its remaining life could be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows of the acquired operation. All other intangible assets consist of acquired technologies of $8.5 million, workforce in place of $1.5 million, and trademarks of $1.0 million, respectively, net of accumulated amortization of $0.6 million.  At December 31, 2000, there were no corresponding balances.  Other intangibles are amortized on a straight linestraight-line basis over the expected periodsgenerally from 10 to be benefited , as follows:  acquired technologies, 10 years; workforce in place and trademarks, 15 years.

The Company continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the remaining useful lifeamount of goodwill and other intangibles may warrant revision or thatintangible asset impairment, if any, was measured based on projected discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting the remaining balance may not be recoverable.  When factors indicate that goodwill and other intangibles should be evaluated for possible impairment, the Company estimates the undiscounted cash flowCompany’s average cost of the acquired asset over its remaining life in determining whether the asset is recoverable.  Charges for impairment of goodwill and other intangibles would be recorded to the extent unamortized book value exceeds the related future discounted cash flow.  The discount factor would be the long-term debt rate currently obtainable by the Company.funds.

 

(n)           Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of

 

SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, provides a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 also changes the criteria for classifying an asset as held for sale; and broadens the scope of businesses to be disposed of that qualify for reporting as discontinued operations and changes the timing of recognizing losses on such operations. The Company uses the provisionsadopted SFAS No. 144 on January 1, 2002. The adoption of SFAS No. 121, Accounting  for144 did not affect the Impairment of Long-LivedCompany’s consolidated financial statements.

53


Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of
. This statement requires that

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and certain identifiableequipment, and purchased intangibles besubject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment to becharge is recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assetsasset exceeds the fair value of the assets.asset. Assets to be disposed of arewould be separately presented in the consolidated balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.sell, and are no longer depreciated.  The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 144, the Company accounted for the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 121, Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of.

 

(o)           Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values because of the short maturities of those instruments. The fair value, which approximates the carrying amount of the Company’s long-term debt, is based on the amount of future cash flows associated with the debt discounted using the Company’s current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity.

 

42



(p)           Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2001, SFAS 141, “Business Combinations” was issued.  SFAS No. 141, which is effective for acquisitions initiated after June 30, 2001, prohibits the use of pooling of interests method of accounting for business combinations and amends the accounting and financial reporting requirements for business combinations accounted for by the purchase method.  SFAS No. 141 establishes the criteria that intangible assets acquired in a purchase method business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill.  The Company has adopted SFAS No. 141 for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001.  Goodwill and intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life acquired in a purchase business combination completed after June 30, 2001 will not be amortized, but will continue to be evaluated for impairment.  Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 will continue to be amortized and tested for impairment prior to the full adoption of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.

In June 2001, SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” was issued. SFAS No. 142, addresses financial accounting and reporting for acquired goodwill and other intangible assets.  Among other things, SFAS No. 142 requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be amortized, but rather be tested annually for impairment.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. Accordingly, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142 on January 1, 2002 and will cease to recognize approximately $1.5 million of goodwill amortization expense in 2002.  At December 31, 2001, the Company has goodwill and intangibles with indefinite future lives of approximately $24 million on its consolidated balance sheet.

In June 2001, SFAS No. 143, “Accounting“Accounting for AssetsAsset Retirement Obligations” was issued.  SFAS No. 143 applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of certain tangible long-lived assets.  This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002.  Accordingly, the Company will adopt SFAS No. 143 on January 1, 2003.  The Company does not expect that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on consolidated results of operations or financial position.

 

In August 2001,May 2002, SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal145, Rescission of Long-Lived Assets” FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections, was issued.  This statement addresses the financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.  It supersedes issuedSFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long Lived Assets and for Long Lived Assets to be Disposed Of”.  SFAS No. 144145 which is effective for fiscal years beginning after DecemberMay 15, 2001.  Accordingly, the Company adopted2002 rescinds SFAS No. 1444, Reporting Gains and Losses from Extinguishment of Debt, SFAS No. 64, Extinguishments of Debt Made to Satisfy Sinking-FundRequirements, and SFAS No. 44, Accounting for Intangible Assets of Motor Carriers. This Statement also amends SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases, to eliminate an inconsistency between the required accounting for sale-leaseback transactions. This Statement also amends other existing authoritative pronouncements to make various technical corrections, clarify meanings, or describe their applicability under changed conditions. The Company does not believe the impact of adopting SFAS No. 145 on January 1, 2002.  The adoption of this statement did not2003 will have a material impact on theits consolidated results of operations or financial position.

 

(3)           Acquisition of BusinessesIn July 2002, SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, was issued.  SFAS No. 146 is based on the fundamental principle that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity should be recorded when it (1) is incurred, and (2) can be measured at fair value.

 

On February 26, 1999, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Pharmacia Biotech (Biochrom) Ltd. (“Biochrom”), a UK manufacturer and developer of spectrophotometers, amino acid analyzers and other related research equipment. Cash consideration of approximately $6,981,000 (including $502,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paid for the assets. The costs of the acquisition allocated on the basis of estimated fair market value of the assets acquired using the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of $5,446,000 to goodwill. The assets acquired consisted of approximately $61,000 of accounts receivable, $1,039,000 of inventory, $100,000 of prepaid expenses, $612,000 of fixed assets, $372,000 of pension assets and liabilities assumed totaled approximately $649,000.

On September 10, 1999, the Company acquired certain assets of Clark Electromedical Instruments, a manufacturer of glass capillaries and distributor of research equipment. Cash consideration of approximately $349,000 was paid for the assets. The costs of the acquisition allocated on the basis of estimated fair market value of the assets  acquired using the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of $288,000 to goodwill.

4354



 

SFAS No. 146 is effective for exit and disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002.  The Company does not believe that the adoption of this Statement on January 1, 2003 will have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

On

In November 19, 1999,2002, the Company acquiredFASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57 and 107 and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This Interpretation elaborates on the NaviCyte diffusion chamber systems product line from NaviCyte,disclosures to be made by a wholly-owned subsidiaryguarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees issued.  The Interpretation also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of Trega Biosciences, Inc. Cash consideration of approximately $390,000 (including $33,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paida guarantee, a liability for the assets. The costs of the acquisition allocated on the basis of estimated fair market value of the assets acquiredobligation undertaken. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of the purchaseInterpretation are applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 and are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  The disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements of interim and annual periods ending after December 31, 2002.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123. This Statement amends FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value method of accounting resultedfor stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of Statement No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in an allocationboth annual and interim financial statements. Certain of $333,000the disclosure modifications are required for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002 and are included in the notes to goodwill.these consolidated financial statements.

 

On November 30, 1999,In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51. This Interpretation addresses the consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities as defined in the Interpretation. The Interpretation applies immediately to variable interests in variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003, and to variable interests in variable interest entities obtained after January 31, 2003.  For public enterprises with a variable interest in a variable interest entity created before February 1, 2003, the Interpretation applies to that enterprise no later than the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after June 15, 2003.  The application of this Interpretation is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  The Interpretation requires certain disclosures in financial statements issued after January 31, 2003 if it is reasonably possible that the Company acquired substantially allwill consolidate or disclose information about variable interest entities when the Interpretation becomes effective.

In November, 2002, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.  EITF Issue No. 00-21 addresses the accounting, by a vendor, for contractual arrangements in which multiple revenue-generating activities will be performed by the vendor.  The Issue addresses when and, if so, how an arrangement involving multiple deliverables should be divided into separate units of accounting.  The Issue also addresses how the arrangement consideration should be measured and allocated to the separate units of accounting in the arrangement.  This Issue otherwise does not change applicable revenue recognition criteria.  Companies are required to adopt this consensus for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003.  Companies may apply this consensus prospectively to new arrangements initiated after the date of adoption or as a cumulative catch adjustment.  Early adoption of the assets and certain liabilitiesconsensus is permitted.  We are currently evaluating the effects of Hugo Sachs Elektronik, a developer and manufacturer of perfusion systems for research. Cash consideration of approximately $730,000 was paid foradopting the assets (including approximately $162,000 of acquisition related expenses), net of cash acquired of $31,000. The costsprovisions of the acquisition allocatedEITF’s consensus on the basisthis Issue.

55



(3)                                 Acquisition of estimated fair market value of the assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of $251,000 to goodwill.Businesses

 

On May 19, 2000, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Biotronik, a manufacturer of Amino Acid Analyzers. Cash consideration of approximately $469,000 was paid for the assets (including approximately $12,000 of acquisition related expenses). The costs of the acquisition allocated on the basis of fair market value of the assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of $335,000 to goodwill.

 

On July 14, 2000, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Amika Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of sample preparation devices and consumables. Cash consideration of $3,100,000 was paid for the assets (including approximately $61,000 of acquisition related expenses). The cost of the acquisition allocated on the basis of fair market value of the assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of $3,015,000 to goodwill. The assets acquired consisted of approximately $85,000 of inventory. In addition, the Company acquired the right of first refusal to all new technologies developed and offered for sale by the predecessor Company for a period of four years on a fair value licensing arrangement.

 

On December 21, 2000, the Company acquired substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of MitoScan Corporation, a manufacturer of a submitochondrial particle toxicity testing products for cash and future contingent payments based on future product revenues.  Cash consideration of approximately $383,000 was paid for the assets (including approximately $83,000 of acquisition related expenses).  The cost of the acquisition allocated on the basis of fair market value of assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of approximately $386,000 to goodwill.

 

On May 1, 2001, the Company acquired substantially all the assets and certain liabilities of Warner Instruments Corporation (“Warner Instruments”), a developer, manufacturer and marketer of cell and tissue electro-physiology products.  Cash consideration of $2,700,000 (including approximately $69,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paid for the assets.  The cost of the acquisition allocation on the basis of fair market value of assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in the following allocation: current assets of $951,000, property, plant and equipment of $34,000, purchased intangibles of $1.9 million which included: trade name of $320,000, workforce in place of $380,000, acquired technologies of $1.0 million , patents of $9,000, in processin-process research and development of $159,000 and goodwill of $136,000 and liabilities assumed of $234,000.

 

On May 31, 2001, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common and preferred shares of Union Biometrica, Inc. (“Union Biometrica”) for $17.5 million.  Union Biometrica develops, manufactures and markets

instruments that enable high throughput analysis and sorting of model organisms used in drug discovery research.  The transaction was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.  The aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million, net of cash acquired of $562,000, included 659,282 common shares and 263,202 common stock options that had an estimated fair value of $10 million.  The purchase price which has been allocated on the basis of fair market value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed resulted in the following allocation:  current assets of $0.5 million, property, plant and equipment of $0.2 million, other assets of $1.6 million, purchased intangibles of $10.1 million, which included work force in place of $1.4 million, acquired technologies of $8 million and trademarks of $0.8 million, in processin-process research and development of $5.3 million, goodwill of $6.2 million and liabilities assumed of $6.5 million.

 

44



On June 29, 2001, Harvard Apparatus Ltd, a United Kingdom subsidiary of the Company acquired all the stock of International Market Supply, Ltd (“IMS”), a company engaged in developing, manufacturing and marketing respiration products.  Cash consideration of approximately $1,600,000 (including approximately $114,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paid for the stock.  The cost of the acquisition allocationwas allocated on the basis of fair market value of assets acquired and the purchase method of accounting resulted in an allocation of approximately $1,402,000 to goodwill, $462,000 to current assets, $39,000 to property, plant and equipment and $277,000 in liabilities assumed.

 

56



On November 1, 2001, Biochrom Ltd, a United Kingdom subsidiary of the Company acquired all the stock of  Scie-Plas, Ltd., a designer, manufacturer and marketer of electrophoresis tools for molecular biology.  Cash consideration of $4,133,000$4,151,000 (including approximately $81,000$99,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paid for the stock.  The Company hashad not finalized the allocation of purchase price as of December 31, 2001.  An estimation of the allocation was prepared and included as part of thesethe financial statements.statements for the year ended December 31, 2001.  The estimated allocation did not differ significantly from the final allocation. The final  purchase price has been allocated as follows:  $3,908,000$3,926,000 to goodwill and other intangibles, $327,000 to property, plant and equipment, current assets of $804,000, other assets of $23,000 and liabilities assumed of $929,000.

 

On December 6, 2001, Biochrom Ltd, a United Kingdom subsidiary of the Company acquired all the stock of Asys Hitech GmbH, a designer, manufacturer and marketer of low volume, high throughput, liquid dispensers used for high throughput screening in drug discovery research.  Cash consideration of $2,042,000$2,043,000 (including approximately $98,000$143,000 of acquisition related expenses) was paid for the stock.  The Company hashad not finalized the allocation of purchase price as of December 31, 2001.  An estimation of the allocation was prepared and has been included as part of thesethe financial statements.statements for the year ended December 31, 2001.  The estimated allocation did not differ significantly from the final allocation.  The final purchase price has been allocated as follows:  $1,970,000$1,983,000 to goodwill and other intangibles, $23,000 to property, plant and equipment, current assets of $517,000,$512,000, other assets of $46,000$39,000 and liabilities assumed of $514,000.

On July 1, 2002, the Company, acquired all the stock of Walden Precision  Apparatus (“WPA”), a designer, manufacturer and marketer of low cost diode-array spectrophotometers for cash consideration of $1,466,000 (including approximately $101,000 of acquisition related expenses).  As of December 31, 2002, cash consideration of $280,000 and acquisition costs of $9,500 have not been paid.  The allocation of the purchase price is as follows:  $1,671,000 to goodwill and other intangibles, $110,000 to property, plant and equipment, current assets of $599,000 and liabilities assumed of $914,000.

On October 25, 2002, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Genomic Solutions, Inc. for approximately $27.0 million, including $0.7 million in related acquisition costs.  The results of operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.  Genomic Solutions develops, manufactures and sells products in the fields of proteomics, high-throughput screening and DNA microarray systems including products for protein sample preparation and analysis in conjunction with mass spectrometry; high-speed, noncontact assay preparation for high-throughput screening and high-fidelity microarray processing and analysis.  As a result of the acquisition, the Company is expected to further its strategy of providing a broad range of specialized products in strong positions in niche markets focused on the bottlenecks in drug discovery.  Genomic Solutions has strong products in niche markets within the bottlenecked fields of :  protein sample preparation for mass spectrophotometry, assay preparation for high-throughput screening and microarray processing.

The aggregate purchase price of $27.0 million included 3,195,083 common shares that had an estimated fair value of $17.3 million.   The fair value of the stock was estimated using the weighted average market value of the shares for the two days prior and three days subsequent to the announcement of the acquisition on July 17, 2002.  The amount recorded in the consolidated statement of stockholders equity (deficit) and used in the purchase price allocation below is net of approximately $481,000 of costs associated with registering and issuing these shares.  The purchase price which has been allocated on the basis of fair market value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition resulted in the following allocation which is net of cash acquired of $156,700 and in-process research and development of $1,551,400:

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Current assets

 

$

13,224

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

1,949

 

Long-term assets

 

418

 

Deferred tax asset, net

 

1,612

 

Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangibles

 

11,192

 

Intangible assets

 

5,367

 

Total assets acquired

 

$

33,762

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

(8,435

)

Long-term debt

 

(70

)

Total liabilities assumed

 

(8,505

)

Net assets acquired

 

$

25,257

 

57



The $5.4 million of acquired intangible assets was allocated to existing products and technology.  In the fourth quarter of 2002, $1.6 million of in-process research and development was expensed   and $0.5 million of fair value adjustments related to backlog and inventory was expensed through cost of goods sold for orders that were on backlog at the date of acquisition but have since been sold.

 

All acquisitions have been accounted for by the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated statements of operations do not include any revenues or expenses related to these acquisitions prior to the respective acquisition dates.

 

In connection with the acquisition of Warner Instruments, and Union Biometrica and Genomic Solutions, certain research and development projects acquired were determined to have no alternative future use.  Accordingly, $159,000, $5,288,000 and $5,288,000, repectively,$1,551,400, respectively, of purchased in processin-process research and development was expensed in the second quarter of 2001.2001 for Warner and Union Biometrica and the fourth quarter of 2002 for Genomic Solutions. The amount was established by identifying research projects for which technological feasibility had not been established and for which no alternative future uses existed.  The value of the projects identified to be in progress were determined by estimating future cash flows from the projects once commercially feasible, discounting net cash flows back to their present value and then applying a percentage of completion to the calculated value.  The discount rate used averaged 25% to 44% for the projects identified.  Development of the technologies remains a substantial risk to the Company due to factors including the remaining effort to achieve technological feasibility, rapidly changing customer markets and competitive threats from other companies.  Additionally, the value of other intangible assets acquired may become impaired.

 

The following unaudited pro forma results of operations gives effect to the acquisition of Union BiometricaGenomic Solutions as if it had occurred as of January 1, 2000.2001.  Pro forma information related to the WPA acquisition is not provided as the acquisition is not material to the consolidated financial statements.  Such pro forma information reflects certain adjustments including amortization of goodwill, income tax effect and an increase in the number of weighted average shares outstanding.  The pro forma information does not necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have occurred had the acquisitionsacquisition taken place as described and is not necessarily indicative of results that may be obtained in the future.

 

45



 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

 

(Unaudited)

 

 

(Unaudited, in 000’s except per share data)

 

Pro forma revenues

 

$

41,488,751

 

$

32,972,580

 

 

$

73,786

 

$

57,708

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss

 

$

(1,649,549

)

$

(52,101,323

)

 

$

(10,365

)

$

(34,241

)

Pro forma basic net loss per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted

 

$

(0.06

)

$

(6.01

)

 

$

(0.34

)

$

(1.18

)

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma weighted average common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted

 

25,784,852

 

8,664,668

 

 

30,285

 

28,980

 

 

(4)           Inventories

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

Finished goods

 

$

3,329,336

 

$

1,414,951

 

Work in process

 

593,833

 

399,064

 

Raw materials

 

2,049,539

 

1,908,165

 

 

 

$

5,972,708

 

$

3,722,180

 

(5)           Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

Land and buildings

 

$

756,232

 

$

588,187

 

Machinery and equipment

 

2,688,150

 

1,051,458

 

Computer equipment

 

1,331,204

 

535,596

 

Furniture and fixtures

 

478,015

 

356,264

 

Automobiles

 

177,613

 

139,399

 

 

 

5,431,214

 

2,670,904

 

Less accumulated depreciation

 

1,925,472

 

955,178

 

 

 

$

3,505,742

 

$

1,715,726

 

(6)           Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

Notes payable

 

$

4,333,174

 

 

Capital lease obligations (note 9)

 

198,067

 

7,786

 

 

 

4,531,241

 

7,786

 

Less current installments

 

3,894,088

 

6,644

 

 

 

$

637,153

 

$

1,142

 

4658



 

(4)           Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

On January 1, 2002, the Company fully adopted  SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”  As a result of the adoption, goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer being amortized, but are subject to annual impairment reviews, or more frequently, if events or circumstances indicate there may be an

impairment.  During the second quarter of 2002, the Company completed the implementation impairment review as required.  The review concluded there was no impairment of goodwill at the time of implementation.  On December 31, 2002, the Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test and concluded there was no impairment.

With the adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company ceased amortization of goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets as of January 1, 2002.  The following table presents the annual results of the Company assuming SFAS 142 was adopted on January 1, 2000.

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

Add back: goodwill amortization, net of tax

 

 

811,714

 

458,979

 

Adjusted net income (loss)

 

$

737,327

 

$

(4,396,704

)

$

(49,546,957

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

Goodwill amortization, net of tax

 

 

0.03

 

0.06

 

Adjusted net income (loss)

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.17

)

$

(6.19

)

Intangible assets consist of the following:

 

 

December 31, 2002

 

December 31, 2001

 

 

 

Gross Carrying
Value

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Gross Carrying
Value

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Amortizable intangible assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Existing technology

 

$

20,784,949

 

$

2,019,453

 

$

11,966,892

 

$

568,981

 

Tradename

 

1,788,328

 

269,101

 

1,679,818

 

157,101

 

Patents

 

9,000

 

1,000

 

9,000

 

400

 

Total Amortizable Intangible Assets

 

$

22,582,277

 

$

2,289,554

 

$

13,655,710

 

$

726,482

 

Unamortizable intangible assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets

 

$

31,052,981

 

$

 

$

22,282,706

 

$

2,017,426

 

Total Intangible Assets

 

$

53,635,258

 

$

2,289,554

 

$

35,938,416

 

$

2,743,908

 

On July 1, 2002, the Company acquired intangible assets of approximately $1.7 million in connection with the acquisition of Walden Precision Apparatus (“WPA”) consisting of approximately $1.2 million of amortizable assets and $0.5 million of goodwill (including approximately $0.1 million of acquisition related expenses).   On October 25, 2002, the Company acquired intangible assets of approximately $16.6 million in connection with the acquisition of Genomic Solutions consisting of approximately $5.4 million of amortizable assets and $11.2 million of goodwill (including approximately $0.7 million of acquisition related expenses).  Intangible asset amortization expense was $1,543,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002. As a result of the Company completing its adoption of SFAS No. 142, there have been no changes to amortizable lives or methods other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets associated with acquisitions consummated prior to June 30, 2001 is no longer amortized.  Amortization expense of existing amortizable intangible assets is estimated to be $2.1 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and $2.0 million for the years ending December 31, 2006 and 2007.

59



(5)                                 Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Finished goods

 

$

6,057,012

 

$

3,329,336

 

Work in process

 

1,878,663

 

593,833

 

Raw materials

 

7,531,593

 

2,049,539

 

 

 

$

15,467,268

 

$

5,972,708

 

(6)                                 Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Land and buildings

 

$

1,104,153

 

$

756,232

 

Machinery and equipment

 

4,459,426

 

2,688,150

 

Computer equipment

 

2,185,125

 

1,331,204

 

Furniture and fixtures

 

1,040,214

 

478,015

 

Automobiles

 

254,606

 

177,613

 

 

 

9,043,524

 

5,431,214

 

Less accumulated depreciation

 

3,125,495

 

1,925,472

 

 

 

$

5,918,029

 

$

3,505,742

 

(7)                                 Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Notes payable

 

$

871,532

 

$

4,333,174

 

Capital lease obligations (note 10)

 

227,438

 

198,067

 

 

 

1,098,970

 

 

4,531,241

 

Less current installments

 

699,005

 

3,894,088

 

 

 

$

399,965

 

$

637,153

 

On November 1, 2001, at the request of the sellers of Scie-Plas Ltd., the Company entered into a loan agreement with the sellers to defer payment of approximately $3.9 million of the purchase price for the outstanding shares of Scie-Plas Ltd. (see note 3).  The loan is secured with cash in an equal amount and accrues interest at the same rate of interest earned by the cash.  Approximately $3.5 million of the note is payable onwas paid in November, 1, 2002, and the remaining $.4 million is due AprilMay 1, 2003.

 

On December 5, 2001, in connection with the purchase of the outstanding shares of Asys Hitech, GmbH, the Company assumed a liability of $278,000 related to amounts owed to a shareholder of Asys Hitech.  Approximately $167,000 of this debt will bewas paid duringin April, 2002, with the remaining $111,000 paid in December 2002.

In connection with the acquisition of Asys Hitech, payment of approximately $200,000 of the purchase price was deferred until settlement of the final statement of net assets.  Final settlement of the statement of net assets occurred in 2002, resulting in a reduction of the purchase price of approximately $43,000.  The balance of $157,000 is due and payable on September 6, 2003.

 

60



On July 1, 2002, in connection with the purchase of the outstanding shares of Walden Precision Apparatus (“WPA”), the Company assumed liabilities of $298,000 related to amounts owed to shareholders of WPA. The remainingentire debt of $200,000, will be paid or reduced upon agreementin the first half of the final statement of net assets acquired from Asys Hitech.2004.

 

(7)(8)                                 Convertible and Redeemable Preferred Stock

 

During 1999, 48,500 shares of Series B convertible and redeemable preferred stock were issued to partially finance the acquisition of Biochrom (see note 3). The net proceeds from this issuance were $925,174. The Company’s Series B convertible redeemable preferred stock had a dividend preference over the Series A preferred stock, and as a result, no dividends were paid in respect of shares of Series A preferred stock unless all accrued dividends that became  payable in respect of Series B preferred stock were paid. The Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock was convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion rate of 19.71 shares of common stock for each share of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, subject to adjustment for subdivision of Series B preferred stock or any issuance of additional shares of Series B preferred stock.  In December 2000, the convertible preferred stock was converted to 955,935 shares of common stock of the Company simultaneously with the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock.

 

Redeemable preferred Series A stock paid quarterly cumulative dividends in arrears at a rate of approximately $0.26 per share. On March 3, 2000, convertible and redeemable preferred “B” stock started to accrue dividends at a rate of $1.44 that were payable a year in arrears on March 3, 2001, and thereafter quarterly in arrears.  In December 2000, the redeemable preferred stock was redeemed in full simultaneously with the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock.

 

(8)(9)                                 Common Stock Warrants

 

At December 31, 1999, there were outstanding 8,509,905On March 15, 1996, common stock warrants, which enabled the holders to purchase a like amount of the Company’s common stock for $0.0005 per share. The warrantsshare, were issued in connection with the issuance of Series A redeemable preferred stock (6,046,510 warrants) and subordinated debentures (2,463,395 warrants) that occurred on March 15, 1996..

 

Commencing on March 15, 2002, the holders of the warrants may have at any time required the Company to repurchase the warrants, or any common shares previously acquired from exercise of the warrants, for their fair market

value as determined in good faith by the Company’s board of directors. Such repurchase price would have been repaid in 12 equal quarterly installments beginning on the first business day of the month following the surrender of the warrants or applicable shares of common stock. In 2000 and 1999 interest expense of  $36,884,915 and $29,694,019, respectively, was recorded to accrue the estimated amount of this potential liability in accordance with EITF 96-13, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock.

 

In December 2000, the holders of the outstanding common stock warrants terminated the requirement of the Company to repurchase the warrants. Accordingly, the outstanding common stock warrants were converted to 8,509,337 shares of the Company’s common stock simultaneously with the initial public offering of the Company’s common stock and the liability previously recorded was reclassified to stockholders’ equity.

 

47



(9)(10)                           Leases

 

The Company leases automobiles and equipment under various leases that are classified as capital leases. The carrying value of automobiles and equipment under capital leases at December 31, 2002 and 2001 2000was $254,711 and 1999 was $199,822, $7,265 and $14,532, respectively, which is net of $12,834, $30,735$74,835 and $68,602,$12,834, respectively, of accumulated depreciation.

 

The Company has noncancelable operating leases for office and warehouse space expiring at various dates through 2009. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 2000 and 19992000 was approximately $2,209,000, $744,000 $541,000 and $484,000,$541,000, respectively.

 

Future minimum lease payments for both capital and operating leases, with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2001,2002, are as follows:

 

 

 

Capital
Leases

 

Operating
Leases

 

 

 

 

 

2002

 

$

91,113

 

$

995,285

 

2003

 

77,733

 

988,251

 

2004

 

36,381

 

905,135

 

2005

 

18,032

 

683,328

 

2006

 

19,478

 

556,140

 

Thereafter

 

 

1,048,320

 

Net minimum lease payments

 

242,737

 

$

5,176,459

 

Less amount representing interest

 

44,670

 

 

 

Present value of net minimum lease payments

 

$

198,067

 

 

 

61



 

 

Capital
Leases

 

Operating
Leases

 

2003

 

$

153,620

 

$

2,280,819

 

2004

 

72,932

 

1,706,776

 

2005

 

22,165

 

1,007,000

 

2006

 

20,869

 

592,880

 

2007

 

 

435,788

 

Thereafter

 

 

325,235

 

Net minimum lease payments

 

$

   269,586

 

$

6,348,498

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Less amount representing interest

 

42,148

 

 

 

Present value of net minimum lease payments

 

$

227,438

 

 

 

 

(10)(11)                          Related Party Transactions

 

TheIn 2000, the Company paid an annual consulting fee to a former stockholder who formerly served on its board of directors and, by written agreement, provided no less than five days of consulting services each month. The agreement was scheduled to expire on March 15, 2001 or at the time of any initial public offering of the Company’s stock or other sale of a material portion of the Company’s stock or assets, if such a transaction occurred before that date. As of September 30, 2000, the agreement with the former stockholder was rescinded. The related consulting expense for the yearsyear ended December 31, 2000 was $294,583.

The Company holds two promissory notes, with accrued interest at December 31, 2002 in the amounts of $63,023 and 1999$48,151 for amounts owed by Jeffrey Williams, the President of the Company’s Genomic Solutions subsidiary and a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.  The notes were assumed by the Company in connection with the acquisition of Genomic Solutions. Both notes have a five year maturity.  The first note,  with an original principal of $47,250 and  accrued interest of $15,773, was $294,583due in January, 2003.  This note was paid in full by Mr. Williams in February, 2003 with a principal payment of $47,250 and $258,437, respectively.accrued interest of $16,377.  The remaining note with a principal balance of $40,000 matures in February, 2005.

 

(11)(12)                          Employee Benefit Plans

 

The Company sponsors profit sharing retirement plans for its U.S. employees, which includes an employee savings plan established under Section 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.Code (the "401(k) Plan"). The 401(k) plan covers substantially all full-time employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Contributions to the profit sharing retirement plan are at the discretion of management. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, and 1999,2000, the Company contributed approximately $175,000, $142,000 $81,000 and $67,000,$81,000, respectively, to the plans.

 

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (UK), Harvard Apparatus Limited, and Biochrom Limited maintain contributory, defined benefit pension plans for substantially all of their employees.

 

48



The components of the Company’s pension expense primarily for Biochrom, for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 follow:follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Components of net periodic benefit cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Service cost

 

$

390,223

 

$

319,053

 

$

288,640

 

Interest cost

 

418,178

 

347,215

 

250,437

 

Expected return on plan assets

 

(512,564

)

(527,397

)

(364,684

)

Net amortization gain

 

17,581

 

(20,769

)

6,965

 

Net periodic benefit cost

 

$

313,418

 

$

118,102

 

$

181,358

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Components of net periodic benefit cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Service cost

 

$

399,779

 

$

390,223

 

$

319,053

 

Interest cost

 

458,614

 

418,178

 

347,215

 

Expected return on plan assets

 

(543,096

)

(512,564

)

(527,397

)

Net amortization gain (loss

 

39,224

 

17,581

 

(20,769

)

Net periodic benefit cost

 

$

354,521

 

$

313,418

 

$

118,102

 

62



 

The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheetsheets at December 31, 2002 and 2001 and 2000 follow:follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

Change in benefit obligation:

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

7,221,941

 

$

5,829,403

 

Service cost

 

390,223

 

319,053

 

Interest cost

 

418,178

 

347,215

 

Participants’ contributions

 

94,357

 

81,369

 

Actuarial (gain) loss

 

(606,776

)

1,158,295

 

Benefits paid

 

(68,592

)

(46,058

)

Currency translation adjustment

 

(176,611

)

(467,336

)

Balance at end of year

 

$

7,272,720

 

$

7,221,941

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in fair value of plan assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

6,744,668

 

$

7,062,645

 

Actual return on plan assets

 

(421,810

)

(51,692

)

Participants’ contributions

 

94,357

 

81,369

 

Employer contributions

 

243,428

 

258,756

 

Benefits paid

 

(68,592

)

(46,058

)

Currency translation adjustment

 

(149,251

)

(560,352

)

Balance at end of year

 

$

6,442,800

 

$

6,744,668

 

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

Funded status:

 

 

 

 

 

Plan assets less than benefit obligation

 

$

(829,920

)

$

(477,273

)

Unrecognized loss

 

1,211,987

 

921,611

 

Prepaid pension expense in consolidated balance sheets

 

$

382,067

 

$

444,338

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Change in benefit obligation:

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

7,272,720

 

$

7,221,941

 

Service cost

 

399,779

 

390,223

 

Interest cost

 

458,614

 

418,178

 

Participants’ contributions

 

90,516

 

94,357

 

Actuarial loss (gain)

 

67,887

 

(606,776

)

Benefits paid

 

(300,211

)

(68,592

)

Currency translation adjustment

 

796,062

 

(176,611

)

Balance at end of year

 

$

8,785,367

 

$

7,272,720

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in fair value of plan assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

6,442,800

 

$

6,744,668

 

Actual return on plan assets

 

(316,806

)

(421,810

)

Participants’ contributions

 

90,516

 

94,357

 

Employer contributions

 

310,772

 

243,428

 

Benefits paid

 

(300,211

)

(68,592

)

Expenses paid

 

(48,275

)

 

Currency translation adjustment

 

647,129

 

(149,251

)

Balance at end of year

 

$

6,825,925

 

$

6,442,800

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Funded status

 

$

(1,959,442

)

$

(829,920

)

Unrecognized net loss

 

2,290,299

 

1,211,987

 

Net amount recognized

 

$

330,857

 

$

382,067

 

The amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Prepaid benefit cost

 

$

330,857

 

$

382,067

 

Minimum pension liability

 

(1,204,575

)

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

843,224

 

 

Deferred tax asset

 

 

361,351

 

 

 

Net amount recognized

 

$

330,857

 

 

382,067

 

 

The weighted average assumptions used in determining the net pension cost for the Company’s plans follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Weighted average assumptions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discount rate

 

6.0

%

6.0

%

 

5.5

%

6.0

%

6.0

%

Expected return on assets

 

8.0

%

7.0-8.0

%

 

7.7

%

8.0

%

7.0-8.0

%

Rate of compensation increase

 

4.0

%

4.5

%

 

3.25

%

4.0

%

4.5

%

 

4963



(12)(13) Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 consisted of:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current income tax expense (benefit):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal and state

 

$

(21,165

)

$

(158,835

)

$

(560,364

)

Foreign

 

2,187,645

 

1,755,161

 

992,100

 

 

 

2,166,480

 

1,596,326

 

431,736

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal and state

 

(141,450

)

396,038

 

903,168

 

Foreign

 

(414,012

)

(202,411

)

24,497

 

 

 

(555,462

)

193,627

 

927,665

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

1,611,018

 

$

1,789,953

 

$

1,359,401

 

The income tax benefits derived from certain stock-based compensation, amount to $0, $121,275 and $0 for the years ended December 31,2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, were allocated to stockholders’ equity.

Income tax expense for the periods ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% to pretax income (loss) as a result of the following:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Computed “expected” income tax expense (benefit)

 

$

798,437

 

$

(1,162,278

)

$

(16,469,067

)

Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign tax rate and regulation differential

 

65,151

 

195,561

 

112,097

 

State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit

 

29,613

 

(73,834

)

63,600

 

Foreign trading gross receipts tax benefit

 

(76,776

)

(30,195

)

(32,596

)

Interest expense (common stock warrants)

 

 

 

12,539,403

 

Stock compensation expense in excess of allowable tax benefits on exercise of options

 

382,840

 

826,487

 

5,197,149

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nondeductible acquisition goodwill, trademark and workforce

 

 

127,234

 

 

Nondeductible in-process research and development

 

527,476

 

1,851,980

 

 

Federal tax expense differential from prior year tax

 

(126,640

)

(31,381

)

(48,896

)

Tax credits

 

(203,399

)

 

 

Change in valuation allowance allocated to income tax Expense

 

220,147

 

 

 

Other

 

(5,831

)

86,379

 

(2,289

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

1,611,018

 

$

1,789,953

 

$

1,359,401

 

64



Income tax expense is based on the following pre-tax income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Domestic

 

$

(2,676,602

)

$

(7,408,456

)

$

(51,098,496

)

Foreign

 

5,024,947

 

3,989,991

 

2,588,112

 

 

 

$

2,348,345

 

$

(3,418,465

)

$

(48,510,384

)

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 20012002 and  20002001 are as follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

Years Ended December 31

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

$

1,055

 

$

31,755

 

 

$

283,466

 

$

1,055

 

Inventory

 

286,868

 

185,990

 

 

713,333

 

286,868

 

Operating loss and credit carryforwards

 

1,467,814

 

175,998

 

 

18,209,525

 

1,467,814

 

Accrued expenses

 

56,793

 

82,698

 

 

108,463

 

56,793

 

Goodwill

 

35,782

 

51,368

 

Goodwill and other intangibles

 

893,848

 

35,782

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

21,897

 

 

 

166,898

 

21,897

 

Minimum pension liability

 

361,351

 

 

Other accrued liabilities

 

293,211

 

 

 

1,316,909

 

293,211

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

2,163,420

 

527,809

 

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

22,053,794

 

2,163,420

 

Less: valuation allowance

 

(15,160,201

)

 

Net deferred tax assets

 

6,893,593

 

2,163,420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Catalog costs

 

 

12,141

 

Pension fund asset

 

 

22,010

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

39,616

 

15,927

 

 

174,599

 

39,616

 

Intangible assets

 

3,778,243

 

 

 

5,907,400

 

3,778,243

 

Other

 

 

11,741

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

3,817,859

 

61,819

 

 

6,081,999

 

3,817,859

 

Net deferred tax asset (liability)

 

$

(1,654,439

$

465,990

 

 

$

811,594

 

$

(1,654,439

)

 

The amount recorded as gross deferred tax assets as of December 31, 20012002 and December 31, 20002001 represents the amount of tax benefits of existing deductible temporary differences or carryforwards that are more likely than not to be realized through the generation of sufficient future taxable income within the carryforward period.  The Company believes that a portion of the gross deferred tax asset at December 31, 20012002 will more likely than not be realized in the carryforward period.  Management reviews the recoverability of deferred tax assets during each reporting period.

 

At December 31, 2001,2002, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryfowardscarryforwards available to offset future taxable income of approximately $2,599,000 and $3,470,000, respectively.  The federal operating loss carryfowards generated in years 2001 and 2000$47,727,000 which will begin to expire in years 2021 and 2020, respectively.  The state net operating loss carryforwards generated in years 2001 and 2000 expire in year 2006 and 2005, respectively.2012.  Furthermore, the Company had foreign operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income of approximately $500,000.  These foreign net operating loss carryforwards generated in 2001$1,000,000 which begin to expire in 2006.  The Company has also generatedhad general business credit and minimum tax credit carryforwards of approximately $79,000 and $56,000, respectively, available to reduce future regular income taxes.  The tax credit carryforward generated in years 2000taxes of approximately $638,000 and 2001$65,000, respectively, which begin to expire in year 2019.2010.  Utilization of the net operating losses and tax credits may be subject to an annual limitation imposed by change in ownership provisioncontrol provisions of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions.

 

5065



In accordance with SFAS No.109,No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, the accounting for the tax benefits of acquired deductible temporary differences which are not recognized at the acquisition date because a valuation allowance may be established and recognized subsequent to the acquisitions, will be applied first to reduce to zero, any goodwill and other noncurrent intangible assets related to the acquisitions.  Any remaining tax benefits would be recognized as reduction of income tax expense.  As of December 31, 2001,2002, approximately $1,908,000$21,854,000 of the Company’s gross deferred tax asset pertains to acquired companies.  If the Company concludes in a subsequent period, that a valuation allowance is required for previously recognized tax benefits from acquisition,acquisitions, the establishment or reestablishment of that valuation allowance would be recognized as income tax expense attributable to income from continuing operations, not as an increase in goodwill related to the acquisition.  The Company’s deferred tax liability relates significantly to the financial statement and tax carrying basis amount of certain acquired indentifiableidentifiable intangible assets.

 

Income                The total valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2002 was $15,160,201 of which $220,146 was charged against income tax expense is based on the following pre-tax income (loss) for the years endedwhile $14,940,055 was charged against acquisition goodwill and intangible assets.  The total valuation allowance increased by $15,160,201 from December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999:

 

 

Y ears Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Domestic

 

$

(7,408,456

)

$

(51,098,496

)

$

(32,040,219

)

Foreign

 

3,989,991

 

2,588,112

 

2,757,782

 

 

 

$

(3,418,465

)

$

(48,510,384

)

$

(29,282,437

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income (loss) from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 consisted of:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Current income tax expense (benefit):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal and state

 

$

(158,835

)

$

(560,364

)

$

403,149

 

Foreign

 

1,755,161

 

992,100

 

1,043,539

 

 

 

1,596,326

 

431,736

 

1,446,688

 

Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal and state

 

396,038

 

903,168

 

(1,238,399

)

Foreign

 

(202,410

)

24,497

 

(70,809

)

 

 

193,628

 

927,665

 

(1,309,208

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

1,789,953

 

$

1,359,401

 

$

137,480

 

The income tax benefits derived from certain stock-based compensation, amounting to $121,275, $0 and $0 for the years ended December 31,2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively, were allocated to stockholders’ equity.

51



Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% to pretax income (loss) as a result of an increase in acquired temporary differences, including net operating loss carryforwards, from 2002 acquisitions.  If the following:valuation allowance is fully realized, $14,940,055 will reduce goodwill and intangible assets and the balance of $220,146 will reduce income tax expense.

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Computed “expected” income tax benefit

 

$

(1,162,278

)

$

(16,493,531

)

$

(9,956,029

)

Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign tax rate and regulation differential

 

195,561

 

112,097

 

35,804

 

State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit

 

(73,725

)

63,600

 

(154,569

)

Interest expense (common stock warrants)

 

 

12,539,403

 

10,254,946

 

Foreign Sales Corporation tax benefits

 

(30,195

)

(32,596

)

(28,761

)

Other

 

54,889

 

(26,721

)

(13,911

)

Nondeductible acquisition goodwill, trademark and workforce

 

127,234

 

 

 

Nondeductible in-process research and development

 

1,851,980

 

 

 

Stock compensation expense in excess of allowable tax benefits on exercise of options

 

826,487

 

5,197,149

 

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

1,789,953

 

$

1,359,401

 

$

137,480

 

               

Undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries amounted to approximately $12,725,476, $7,736,580 $5,297,594 and $2,992,805$5,297,594 at December 31, 2002, 2001 2000 and 1999,2000, respectively. The Company’s policy is that these earnings are indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no related provision for U.S federal and state income taxes has been provided. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company will be subject to both U.S. income taxes (less foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes in the various foreign countries.

66



 

(13)(14)                          Stock Compensation Plans

 

In 2000, the Company approved a stock purchase plan allowing employees to purchase the Company’s common stock at 85% of the lesser of beginning or ending fair market value at six month intervals.  Under this plan, 500,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance of which 11,88441,123 shares were issued as of December 31, 2001.2002.

 

In 1996, the Company adopted the 1996 Stock Option and Grant Plan (the “1996 Plan”) and in 2000, the Company adopted the 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2000 Plan” and, together with the 1996 Plan the “Plans”) pursuant to which the Company’s Board of Directors can grant stock options to employees, directors and consultants . The Plans authorize grants of options to purchase up to 4,589,0815,442,005 shares of authorized but unissued stock.

 

As of  December 31, 2002 and  2001, 20002,935,177 and 1999, 1,790,176 1,582,910 and 1,119,725 “Incentive Stock Options,” and 2,827,367, 2,519,5763,005,868 and 1,812,2952,827,367 “Non-qualified Stock Options,” respectively, had been granted to employees. The Incentive Stock Options become fully vested over a four year period, on a pro rata basis. The Non-qualified Stock Options granted prior to 1999 became vested during 2000 as the fair market value of the Company’s common stock was determined to be, on a fully diluted basis, not less than $1.42 per common share.  For non-qualified options granted under the 1996 Plan during 1999, prior to an amendment to the 1996 Plan dated September 29, 2000, the options were deemed to be vested and exercisable upon either (i) the sale of all or substantially all of the assets or capital stock of the Company for an actual or implied price per share of not less than $2.09 or (ii) an initial public offering of the Company’s stock with a price per share of not less than $2.09 and gross proceeds to the Company of at least $15 million. On

52



September 29, 2000, the vesting schedule was amended so that the options were vested and exercisable upon either (i) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets or capital stock of the Company for an actual or implied net price per share of Common Stock of not less than $2.09 or (ii) if the fair market value of the Company at any time prior to December 31, 2000 resulted in a per share valuation, on a fully diluted basis, of not less than $2.09 per share. As a result of the 1996 Plan amendment, the related options vested immediately as a per share valuation of $2.09 was attained.

 

The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for the Plans. APB No. 25 requires no recognition of compensation expense for stock option awards when on the date of grant the exercise price is equal to the estimated fair

market value of the Company’s common stock and the number of options granted is fixed. During the year ended December 31, 2002, 1,323,500 stock options were granted to employees at exercise prices equal to fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2001, 52,621 stock options were granted to employees at an exercise price of $1.87 for 42,766 of the options and 1.05$1.05 for 9,855 of the options, which was estimated to be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  During the year ended December 31, 2000, 1,140,466 stock options were granted to employees at an exercise price of $1.05, which was estimated to be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, compensation expense of $1,269,397, $2,678,743 and $4,635,949, respectively, was recognized on these stock option grants. As of December 31, 20012002 additional compensation expense of approximately $2.0$550,000 million will be recognized in future periods over the four year vesting period of the options.periods. The Company’s 1996 and 1999 Non-qualified Stock Option awards were considered variable awards as the number of shares to be acquired by the employees was indeterminable at the date of grant. Accordingly, for the year ended December 31, 1999 the Company recognized compensation expense of $3,283,164 on the non-qualified Stock Options granted in 1996. At December 31, 1999, all non-qualified stock options granted in 1996 were fully vested because a per share valuation of $1.42 was attained.  For the year ended December 31, 2000, the Company recognized compensation expense of $10,039,350 on the non-qualified options granted in 1999.

 

On September 29, 2000, two officers exercised 563,942 non-vested options that were granted during 2000 for 563,942 shares of restricted common shares for cash consideration of $286 and two promissory notes amounting to $589,652 payable to the Company. The notes have a three-year maturity and a fixed interest rate of 10% per annum, compounded annually. The restricted stock becomes fully vested over a four-year period, on a pro rata basis. The estimated fair market value of the shares awarded on the original option date grant and on the date of exercise was estimated to be $6,767,310 of which $900,859, $1,673,025 and $3,217,154 has been recognized as stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The remaining unearned compensation of approximately $1.3$386,000 million is being amortized to

67



expense over the four yearremaining vesting period. Also on September 29, 2000, two officers of the Company exercised 916,514 fully vested options for cash of $465 and two promissory notes amounting to $958,298 payable to the Company. The notes have a three-year maturity and a fixed interest rate of 10% per annum, compounded annually.

The  In February 2002, one of the officers satisfied his obligations under these promissory notes by payment in full to the Company of the principal amount of the notes and accrued interest of $886,309.The following is a summary of stock option activity.

 

 

 

Employee Stock Options

 

 

 

Options
Outstanding

 

Weighted Average
Exercise Price

 

Balance at December 31, 1998

 

2,015,505

 

0.02

 

Options granted

 

916,515

 

1.05

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 1999

 

2,932,020

 

0.33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

(3,467,955

0.45

 

Options forfeited

 

(5,421

)

1.05

 

Options granted

 

1,170,466

 

1.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2000

 

629,110

 

1.33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

(288,075

)

0.40

 

Options forfeited

 

(150,027

)

3.20

 

Options granted

 

515,057

 

4.14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2001

 

706,065

 

$3.37

 

53



 

 

Employee Stock Options

 

 

 

Options
Outstanding

 

Weighted Average
Exercise Price

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 1999

 

2,932,020

 

$

0.33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

(3,467,955

)

0.45

 

Options forfeited

 

(5,421

)

1.05

 

Options granted

 

1,170,466

 

1.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2000

 

629,110

 

$

1.33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

(288,075

)

0.40

 

Options forfeited

 

(150,027

)

3.20

 

Options granted

 

515,057

 

4.14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2001

 

706,065

 

$

3.37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercised

 

(128,355

)

0.71

 

Options forfeited

 

(98,403

)

5.54

 

Options granted

 

1,323,500

 

5.75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2002

 

1,802,807

 

$

5.19

 

 

During 2002, 2001 2000 and 1999,2000, there were no other additional options exercised, canceled, expired or forfeited, or changes in any option terms, including exercise prices. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2002, 2001 and 2000 was $4.16, $6.68 and 1999 was $8.74, $9.70, and $1.05,$8.75, respectively.

 

The following is a summary of information relating to stock options outstanding at December 31, 2001:2002:

 

 

 

Options Outstanding

 

Options Exercisable

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number
outstanding at
December 31, 2001

 

Weighted-

average remaining

contractual life

 

Weighted-

average

exercise price

 

Shares

exercisable

at December 31, 2001

 

Weighted-

average

exercise price

 

Range of

Exercise price

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

0.01

 

59,721

 

6.1 years

 

$

0.01

 

59.721

 

$

0.01

 

$

1.05-1.87

 

414,346

 

8.3 years

 

$

1.10

 

109,751

 

$

1.19

 

$

7.12-8.00

 

182,000

 

9.5 years

 

$

7.79

 

9,999

 

$

8.00

 

$

9.05-10.60

 

50,000

 

9.7 years

 

$

10.04

 

0

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.01-10.60

 

706,067

 

8.5 years

 

$

3.37

 

179,471

 

$

1.18

 

 

 

Options Outstanding

 

Options Exercisable

 

Range of
Exercise price

 

Number
outstanding at
December 31, 2002

 

Weighted-
average remaining
contractual life

 

Weighted-
average
exercise price

 

Shares
exercisable
at December 31, 2002

 

Weighted-
average
exercise price

 

$ 0.01

 

9,534

 

1.6 years

 

$

0.01

 

9,534

 

$

0.01

 

$ 1.05-4.39

 

801,773

 

9.8 years

 

$

2.31

 

133,396

 

$

1.12

 

$ 6.47-8.15

 

951,500

 

8.5 years

 

$

7.47

 

102,372

 

$

7.82

 

$ 9.05-10.60

 

40,000

 

8.7 years

 

$

9.90

 

10,000

 

$

9.90

 

$ 0.01-10.60

 

1,802,807

 

8.6 years

 

$

5.19

 

255,302

 

$

4.12

 

 

Had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value of the options at the grant date, as is permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net income (loss) would have been as follows:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Net loss available to common shareholders

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

$

(29,576,503

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss available to common shareholders

 

$

(5,710,339

)

$

(50,157,740

)

$

(29,576,619

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic net loss per share

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma basic net loss per share

 

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

$

(5.28

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted net loss per share

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

$

(5.28

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted pro forma net loss per share

 

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

$

(5.28

)

68



 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma net loss available to common shareholders

 

$

(2,835,369

)

$

(5,710,339

)

$

(50,157,740

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic net loss per share

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma basic net loss per share

 

$

(0.10

)

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted net loss per share 

 

$

0.03

 

$

(0.20

)

$

(6.25

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro forma diluted net loss per share

 

$

(0.10

)

$

(0.22

)

$

(6.27

)

 

The fair value of each option grant for the Company’s Plans is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model, with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants in 2002, 2001 2000 and 1999.2000.

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk free interest rates

 

5.4

%

5.9

%

5.6

%

 

4.0

%

5.4

%

5.9

%

Expected option lives

 

2 years

 

2 years

 

7 years

 

 

3 years

 

2 years

 

2 years

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expected dividend yields

 

0

%

0

%

0

%

 

0

%

0

%

0

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expected volatility

 

89.12

%

80.90

%

0

%

 

91.40

%

89.12

%

80.90

%

 

54



(14)(15)                          Segment and Related Information

 

The Company operates in one significant business segment.segment: the development, manufacture and marketing of specialized products used to accelerate drug discovery research at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and government laboratories worldwide.  The Company provides tools for drug discovery focusing on the areas of target validation, high throughput screening, sample preparation, assay development and ADMET screening.  These products all have similar economic characteristics and attributes, including similar nature of the products and services, similar marketing and distribution channels, similar production processes and similar class of customers. As a result, the Company aggregates its product lines into a single segment of tools for drug discovery. The Company operates primarily in three geographic regions: the United States, United Kingdom and the rest of the world.

The following tables summarize selected financial information of the Company’s operations by geographic location:

 

Revenues by geographic area consists of the following:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

United States

 

$

16,504,892

 

$

9,379,986

 

$

8,169,470

 

United Kingdom

 

19,098,428

 

15,828,225

 

15,353,761

 

Canada and Europe

 

5,265,067

 

5,366,589

 

2,654,583

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

40,868,387

 

$

30,574,800

 

$

26,177,814

 

 

 

Y ears Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

$23,622,032

 

$16,504,892

 

$9,379,986

 

United Kingdom.

 

25,034,535

 

19,098,428

 

15,828,225

 

Rest of the world

 

8,723,815

 

5,265,067

 

5,366,589

 

 

 

$57,380,382

 

$40,868,387

 

$30,574,800

 

69



Long lived assets by geographic area consists of the following:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

United States

 

$

23,297,647

 

$

5,337,151

 

$

1,955,630

 

United Kingdom

 

11,167,486

 

5,712,663

 

6,036,137

 

Canada and Europe

 

2,235,117

 

228,297

 

151,509

 

 

 

$

36,700,250

 

$

11,278,111

 

$

8,143,276

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

$

39,698,739

 

$

23,297,647

 

United Kingdom

 

14,221,355

 

11,167,486

 

Rest of the world

 

3,343,639

 

2,235,117

 

 

 

$

57,263,733

 

$

36,700,250

 

 

(15)(16)                        Income (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per share is based upon net income (loss) less dividends on preferred stock divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during each year. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share

assumes conversion of convertible preferred stock, stock options and common stock warrants into common stock, and also adjusts net income (loss) for the effect of converting convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants into common stock. Net income (loss) and shares used to compute net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted, are reconciled below:

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

1999

 

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

(5,208,418

 

$

(50,005,936

 

$

(29,576,503

 

 

)

)

)

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock warrants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss), assuming dilution

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

$

(29,576,503

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock warrants

 

 

 

 

Common stock options

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

5,598,626

 

 

55



 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

2000

 

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

 

$

737,327

 

$

(5,208,418

)

$

(50,005,936

)

Weighted average common shares outstanding during the year

 

27,090,054

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock options

 

507,510

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

27,597,564

 

25,784,852

 

8,005,386

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2001 2000 and 1999,2000, common equivalent shares of 597,517 7,456,010 and 11,378,1107,456,010, respectively, resulting from stock options, warrants and restricted stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been antidilutive.

 

(16)(17)                          Accrued Expenses

 

Accrued expenses consist of:

 

December 31,

 

 

December 31,

 

 

2002

 

2001

 

 

2001

 

2000

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued compensation and payroll

 

$

1,643,321

 

$

1,188,553

 

 

$

1,862,719

 

$

1,643,321

 

License fees

 

1,446,479

 

 

Accrued legal and professional fees

 

367,198

 

1,843,644

 

 

1,185,389

 

367,198

 

Warranty costs

 

279,331

 

20,928

 

 

689,231

 

279,331

 

Other

 

622,351

 

252,435

 

 

2,178,525

 

622,351

 

 

$

2,912,201

 

$

3,305,560

 

 

$

7,362,343

 

$

2,912,201

 

70



 

(17)(18)                          Contingencies

 

The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims arising out of its normal course of business. Management, after review and consultation with counsel, considers that amounts accrued for in connection therewith are adequate.

 

(18)(19)                          Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

One commercial customer accounted for 30%18%, 39%30% and 44%39% of revenues for the yearyears ended December 31, 2002, 2001 2000 and 1999,2000, respectively. At December 31, 20012002 and 2000,2001, one customer accounted for 11% and 26% and 35% of net accounts receivable, respectively. Except as noted above, no other individual customer accounted for more than 10% of  revenues for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 2000 and 1999.2000. In addition, except as noted above, no other individual customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable at December 31, 20012002 and 2000.2001.

 

(19)(20)                          Initial Public Offering

 

On December 7, 2000, the Company sold, pursuant to an underwritten initial public offering, 6,250,000 shares of common stock at a price of $8 per share.  Following the offering, proceeds were used to repay substantially all of the Company’s short termshort-term and long termlong-term debt as well as redeem its redeemable preferred stock (see notes 7 andnote 8). On January 4, 2001, the underwriters exercised their allotment option whereby the Company sold an additional 937,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $8 per share. The net proceeds to the Company as a result of these offerings was approximately $51.8 million.

 

(20)(21)                          Asserted Legal ClaimClaims

 

On December 26, 2000, Harvard University filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts alleging that our use of the “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus” names infringes on Harvard University’s trademarks. Harvard University iswas seeking both injunctive relief and monetary damages. The Company believes that these claims are without merit, and are vigorously defending against such claims.  On April 10, 2001, the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts denied Harvard University’s request for a preliminary injunction prohibiting the Company from using the name “Harvard Bioscience” and “Harvard Apparatus”.  The Court did issue an order directing the Company not to use the “Harvard” name in the color crimson or in a font similar to the font used by Harvard University.  On May 6, 2002, the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts issued a partial summary judgment order against Harvard University regarding the Company’s use of the name “Harvard Apparatus”.  In December 2002, we settled our dispute with Harvard University by way of a royalty-free license agreement that allows us to continue using the names Harvard Apparatus, Harvard Bioscience and various Harvard related product names.  This license agreement is subject to termination in certain limited circumstances.  Harvard Bioscience will continue to be used as the Company’s name and Harvard Apparatus and various Harvard related product names will continue to be used as brand names on products and catalogs.  The names will be used subject to various stylistic restrictions, primarily avoiding the use of the color crimson and fonts that are similar to those regularly used by Harvard University

 

56



On February 4, 2002, Paul D. Grindle, the former owner of Harvard Apparatus, Inc., initiated an arbitration proceeding against the Companyus and certain directors before JAMS an arbitration firm in Boston, Massachusetts. MrMr. Grindle’s claims arise out of post-closing purchase price adjustments related to the Company’sour purchase of the assets and business of Harvard Apparatus by virtue of an Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 15, 1996 and certain related agreements. In the arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle sought the return of 1,563,851 shares of stock in the Company,Harvard Bioscience, or the disgorgement of the profits of the Company’sour sale of the stock, as well as punitivecompensatory damages and multiple damages and attorney’s fees under Mass. Gen. Laws, chapter 93A. In a demand letter that was attached to the Arbitration Demand,arbitration demand, Mr. Grindle asserted losses in the amount of $15 million, representing the value of the 1,563,851 shares of the Company’sHarvard Bioscience’s stock as of January 2, 2002. On October 30, 2002, we received a decision from the arbitrator that we have prevailed on all claims asserted against us and certain of our directors in the arbitration action.  Specifically, we received a written decision from the arbitrator granting our motion for summary disposition with respect to all claims brought against all parties in

71



the action.  We have filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to confirm the arbitrator’s decision.  Mr. Grindle filed a complaint in the Massachusetts Superior Court seeking to vacate the arbitrator’s decision.  These two matters have been consolidated and are currently pending.

In September, 2002, our Genomic Solutions subsidiary filed suit against Affymetrix, Inc. in the State of Michigan Circuit Court for the County of Washtenaw for breach of contract, negligent/innocent misrepresentation, tortuous interference with prospective economic advantage and declaratory relief.  The Companyaction arises out of a License Agreement that Genomic Solutions entered into with Affymetrix with respect to certain Affymetrix patent rights.  Genomic Solutions is seeking monetary damages including a return of license and royalty fees previously paid to Affymetrix and declaratory relief providing that no further fees are owing to Affymetrix.  In November, 2002, Affymetrix filed a counter-claim against Genomic Solutions alleging breach of contract and requesting approximately $1.45 million in damages for license and other fees and interest allegedly owed.  Discovery in the case is on-going.  Management believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims arethe counter-claim is without merit and intends to vigorously defend them vigorously.it.  The Company also believes that Mr. Grindle’s claims are barred by$1.45 million in damages for license and other fees is fully reserved for in the terms of certain releases executed by him and further barred by the applicable statutes of limitation.Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In December, 2002, Oxford Gene Technology Ltd. filed suit against our Genomic Solutons subsidiary, Mergen Ltd., Clontech Laboratories, Inc., PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc., Axon Instruments, Inc. and BioDiscovery, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware  seeking unspecified damages as a result of alleged infringement by each of the defendants of a United States Patent issued to Oxford Gene Technology.    In March, 2003, Genomic Solutions filed an answer denying the allegations and asserted counter-claims seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and a declaratory judgment of invalidity.  Management denies the allegations and will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

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From time to time, we may be involved in routine legal matters that arise in the ordinary course of our business.  We are not currently a party to any other claims or proceedings which, we believe, would have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

(22).                       Subsequent Events

In January 2003 we acquired substantially all the assets of the BTX division of Genetronics Biomedical Corporation for $3.7 million in cash.  BTX designs, develops, manufactures and distributes electroporation products.

On March 12, 2003 we acquired substantially all of the assets of Genomic Instrumentation Services, d/b/a/ GeneMachines for approximately $8.1 million in cash.  GeneMachines designs, develops, manufactures and distributes high throughput instrumentation for DNA and protein microarray production, nucleic acid sample preparation and DNA synthesis.

On March 12, 2003, we entered into an agreement with Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. for a $6.0 million bridge loan in the form of a demand promissory note to partially fund the acquisition of GeneMachines.  We are currently negotiating a $12.0 million (which will include the amount of the bridge loan) revolving credit facility which would, if implemented, be available to fund future acquisitions and for working capital purposes.

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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

 

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Date:  April 1, 2002

March 31, 2003

By:

/s/ Chane Graziano

 

 

 

Chane Graziano

 

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

Signature

 

Title

 

Date

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Chane Graziano

 

Chief Executive Officer and

 

April 1 2002March 31, 2003

Chane Graziano

 

Director

 

 

 

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Susan M Luscinski

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

Susan M. Luscinski

 

(Principal Financial Officer and

 

 

 

 

Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ David Green

 

President and Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

David Green

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Christopher W. Dick

 

Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

Christopher W. Dick

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Richard C. Klaffky, Jr.

 

Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

Richard C. Klaffky, Jr.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Robert Dishman

 

Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

Robert Dishman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ John F. Kennedy

 

Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

John F. Kennedy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Earl R. Lewis

 

Director

 

April 1, 2002March 31, 2003

Earl R. Lewis

 

 

 

 

/s/ Jeffrey S. Williams

Director

March 31, 2003

Jeffrey S. Williams

 

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Section 302 Certification

I, Chane Graziano, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Harvard Bioscience, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c)Presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)All significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls.

6.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

Date: March 31, 2003

/s/ Chane Graziano

Chane Graziano

Chief Executive Officer

74



Section 302 Certification

I, Susan Luscinski, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Harvard Bioscience, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this annual report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c)Presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date.

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a)All significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls.

6.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

 

Date: March 31, 2003

/s/ Susan Luscinski

Susan Luscinski

Chief Financial Officer

58

75