WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC.
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PART I
Item 1. Business.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “we,” “us,” “our,” “Westwood,” or “Westwood Holdings Group” when used in this Form 10-K (“Report”) and in the Annual Report to the Stockholders refers to Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole. This Report contains some forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Actual results and the timing of some events could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors including, without limitation, those set forth under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
General
We manage investment assets and provide services for our clients through our subsidiaries, Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. (each of which is an SEC-registereda registered investment adviser ("RIA") registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and referred to hereinafter together as “Westwood Management”), Westwood International Advisors Inc. (“Westwood International Advisors”) and Westwood Trust. Westwood Management, founded in 1983, provides investment advisory services to institutional investors, a family of mutual funds called the Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, an Ireland-domiciled fund organized pursuant to the European Union’s Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (the “UCITS Fund”), individual investors and clients of Westwood Trust. Westwood International Advisors was established in 2012 and provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, the Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, the UCITS Fund and clients of Westwood Trust. Westwood Trust, founded as a state-chartered trust company in 1974, provides trust, custodial and custodialinvestment management services through use of commingled funds and participation in self-sponsored common trust fundsindividual securities to institutions and high net worth individuals. Our revenues are generally derived from fees based on a percentage of assets under management.management ("AUM"). Westwood Management Westwood International Advisors and Westwood Trust collectively managed assets valued at approximately $24.2$14.5 billion at December 31, 2017.2021. We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on December 12, 2001. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “WHG.” We are a holding company whose principal assets consist of the capital stock of Westwood Management Westwood Trust and Westwood Trust.
Prior to its liquidation in 2020, our wholly owned subsidiary, Westwood International Advisors.Advisors, provided investment advisory services to institutional clients, the Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, an Irish investment company authorized pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulation 2011 (as amended) (the “UCITS Fund”), individual investors and clients of Westwood Trust.
The success of our business is dependent on client, and institutional investment consultant and intermediary relationships. We believe that, in addition to investment performance, client service is paramount in the asset management business. Accordingly, a major business focus is to build strong relationships with clients to enhance our ability to anticipate their needs and satisfy their investment objectives. Our team approach is designed to deliver efficient, responsive service to our clients.
We have focused on building our foundation in terms of personnel and infrastructure to support a larger business. We have developed investment strategies that we expect to be desirable within our target institutional, private wealth management and mutual fundintermediary markets. Developing new investment strategies and building the organization can result in incurring expenses before significant offsetting revenues are realized. We continue to evaluate new strategies and resources in terms of meeting actual and potential investor needs.
Strategic Investments
Other the past several years we have made several strategic investments, including in InvestCloud, a digital financial services provider ("InvestCloud"), in Charis, the parent company of Westwood Private Bank ("Charis"), and in Westwood Hospitality Fund I, LLC, a private investment fund offered to clients of Westwood Trust ("Westwood Hospitality").
InvestCloud. In addition to our investment in InvestCloud, we initiated a technology transformation several years ago with InvestCloud as a core provider. This technology transformation included overhauling our data warehouse and led to the launch of our online digital portals beginning in 2020. We have continued to build our technology infrastructure and roll out access to more clients in 2021. This portal provides our clients a centralized location to access their complete financial information securely. Our clients now have their information at their fingertips via most devices.
Charis. Charis provides traditional banking services through Westwood Private Bank and refers clients needing more complex financial planning and investment services to Westwood Wealth Management.
Westwood Hospitality. Our investment in Westwood Hospitality has seeded our entry into certain private equity investments.
Theses actions reflect our commitment to enhancing shareholder value while executing a thoughtful capital allocation plan where we continue to invest in people, products and processes to generate organic growth.
Product Innovation
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In 2021 we launched three new mutual funds ― Westwood Quality AllCap, Westwood Quality MidCap and Westwood SmallCap Growth, which can provide additional growth through the addition of new clients.
We have built an expanded and holistic Wealth Management offering which includes numerous custom services, tax management, fiduciary services and access to alternative investment opportunities.
Available Information
We maintain a website at westwoodgroup.com. Information contained on, or connected to, our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report and should not be considered part of this Report or any other filing that we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”("SEC"). All of our filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"“Exchange Act”), are available free of charge on our website. Our Code of Business Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines and Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance/Nominating Committee Charters are available without charge on our website. Stockholders also may obtain print copies of these documents free of charge by submitting a written request to Tiffany B. Kice,Murray Forbes III, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, at the address set forth on the front of this Report. The public can also obtain any public document we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Advisory
General
Our advisory business is comprised of Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors and encompasses threetwo distinct investment teams – the United States ("U.S.") Value Team, the Global Convertible Securities TeamEquity and the Global andMulti-Asset. Prior to September 30, 2020, our advisory business also included our Emerging Markets Equity Team.team.
Westwood Management provides investment advisory services to large institutions, including corporate retirement plans, public retirement plans, endowments and foundations. Institutional separate account minimums vary by investment strategy and generally range from $5$10 million to $25 million. Westwood Management also provides advisory services to individuals and the Westwood Funds® and the UCITS Fund,, as well as subadvisorysub-advisory services to other mutual funds and pooled investment vehicles. Westwood Management’s investment strategies are managed by the U.S. Value Team,Equity team and by the Multi-Asset team, both based in Dallas, Texas, and by the Global Convertible Securities Team, based in Boston, Massachusetts.Texas. Our U.S. investment professionals average fifteenover nineteen years of investment experience. We believe team continuity and years of experience are among the critical elements required for successfully managing investments.
Investment Strategies
We offer high conviction equity and outcome-oriented solutions to address a broadwide range of investment strategies, which allows us to serve a variety of client types with different investment objectives, including six investment strategiesthree strategies: LargeCap Value, Income Opportunity and SmallCap Value, each with over $1 billion in assets under management: our Income Opportunity, LargeCap Value, SMidCap, SmallCap Value, Emerging Markets and Emerging Markets Plus strategies.AUM.
U.S. Value Equity Team
The U.S. Value Equity team employs a value-oriented approach. The common threadapproach focused on identifying undervalued, high quality businesses that permeates the team's strategies iscan generate superior risk-adjusted returns, employing a disciplined approach to controlling risk and preserving client assets whenever possible. Thefundamental bottom-up, three-step investment process. Our team seeks to invest in companieswell-run businesses with high levels ofconservative balance sheets and strong free cash flow improving returns on equity and strengthening balance sheets that are well positionedcan grow their business value by funding growth initiatives or returning capital to shareholders. Identifying undervalued companies with strong fundamentals, where the outlook for future earnings growth but whose value is not fully recognized inunderestimated by the marketplace. Through investments in companies that exhibit these characteristics, we seek to generate consistently superior performance relative to our industry peers and relevant benchmark indices.market, offers the potential for asymmetric returns. This investment approach is intended to preserve capital during unfavorable periods and provide superior real returns over the long term. We believe that we have established a track record of delivering competitive risk-adjusted returns for our clients. The principal investment strategies currently managed by the U.S. Value TeamEquity team are as follows:
LargeCap Value: Investments in equity securities of approximately 40 to 60 companies with market capitalizations at purchase generally over $5 billion.
SmallCap Value: Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 70 companies with market capitalizations generally within the range ofbenchmarked to the Russell 2000 Value Index.
AllCap Value: Investments in equity securities of approximately 50 to 80 companies benchmarked to the Russell 3000 Value Index.
Multi-Asset Team
The Multi-Asset team investment process applies both top down views across asset classes along with market capitalizations at purchase generally over $100 million.
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The team draws on the proprietary fundamental research of all three of Westwood's investment teams in order to identify securities with an attractive risk-adjusted return profile.profiles across a broad spectrum of income-producing securities. The principal investment strategies currently managed by the Global Convertible Securities TeamMulti-Asset team are as follows:
Alternative Income: Multi-strategy process seeking to 90 global companies, utilizing bothgenerate positive absolute returns through a top-down and bottom-up investment process.
Total Return: Multi-asset strategy that invests across multiple bond sectors including convertibles and a macro hedging strategy.income-producing equity securities.
Our ability to grow assets under managementAUM is primarily dependent on our ability to generate competitive investment performance and our success in building strong relationships with investment consulting firms and other financial intermediaries, as well as our ability to develop new client relationships while nurturing and maintaining existing relationships. We continually seek to expand assets under managementAUM by organically growing our existing investment strategies, as well as identifying and developingby bringing new ones.products to market. We intend to grow our investment strategies internally but may also consider acquiring new investment strategies from third parties, as discussed under “Growth Strategy” below. Our growth strategystrategy provides clients with more investment opportunities and diversifies our assets under management,AUM, thereby reducing risk in any one area of investment and increasing our competitive ability to attract new clients. Our ten largest clients accounted for approximately 20%22% of our fee revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.2021. The loss of some or all of these large clients could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations.
Advisory and SubadvisorySub-advisory Agreements
Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors managemanages client accounts under investment advisory and subadvisorysub-advisory agreements. Typical for the asset management industry, these agreements are usually terminable upon short notice and provide for compensation based on the market value of client assets under management. Westwood’s advisoryAUM. Advisory fees are paid quarterly in advance based on assets under managementAUM on the last day of the preceding quarter, quarterly in arrears based on assets under managementAUM on the last day of the quarter just ended, or are based on a daily or monthly analysis of assets under managementAUM for the stated period. A fewCertain clients have contractual performance-based fee arrangements, which generate additional revenues if we outperform a specified index over a specific period of time. Revenue for performance-based fees is recorded at the end of the measurement period. Revenue from advance payments is deferred and recognized over the period that services are performed. Pursuant to these agreements, Westwood provides overall investment management services, including directing investments in conformity with client-established investment objectives and restrictions. Unless otherwise directed in writing by clients, Westwood has the authority to vote all proxies with respect to securities in client portfolios.
Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors are partiesis party to subadvisorysub-advisory agreements with other investment advisers under which they performit performs similar services under advisory agreements. Our subadvisorysub-advisory fees are generally computed based upon the average daily assets under managementAUM and are payable on a monthly basis.
Westwood Management provides investment advisory services to the Westwood Funds® family of mutual funds:
| Westwood | ● | ||||||||||
| Westwood | ● | ||||||||||
| Westwood Income Opportunity | ● | ||||||||||
| ● | Westwood Quality AllCap (WQAIX) | ● | Westwood SmallCap | ||||||||
| Westwood | ● | ||||||||||
As of December 31, 2017,2021, the Westwood Funds® had assets under managementAUM of $4.2$3.0 billion.
Trust
General
Through the combined efforts of the Dallas Omaha and Houston offices of Westwood Trust, we provide fiduciary and investment services to high net worth individuals and families, non-profit endowments and foundations, public and private retirement plans and individual retirement accounts ("IRAs"(“IRAs”). Westwood Trust is chartered and regulated by the Texas Department of Banking. Fees charged by Westwood Trust are separately negotiated with each client and are typically based on assets under management.AUM. Clients generally have at least $1 million in investable assets.
Fiduciary Services
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Westwood Trust’s fiduciary services include but are not limited to: financial planning, wealth transfer planning, customizable trust services, trust administration and estate settlement. Westwood Trust also provides custodial services, tax reporting, accounting of trust income and principal, beneficiary and retiree distributions and safekeeping of assets.
Investment Services
Westwood Trust utilizes a consultative approach in developing a client’s portfolio asset allocation. Our approach involves examining the client’sclients' financial situation,situations, including their current portfolio of investments, and advising the clientclients on ways to reduce risk, enhance investment returns and strengthen their financial position based on each client’s unique objectives and constraints. Westwood Trust seeks to define and improve risk/return profiles of client investment portfolios by offering a comprehensive investment solution or by enhancing clients’ existing investment strategies. Westwood Trust manages separate portfolios of equity and fixed income securities for certain agency and trust clients. Equity portfolios are generally patterned after the institutional strategies offered by Westwood Management or developed by the internal investment team in our Houston office. Fixed income portfolios consist of targeted laddered“laddered” portfolios of primarily high-quality municipal securities.
Westwood Trust also sponsors a range of common trustcommingled funds in which client assets are commingled to achieve economies of scale. Westwood Trust’s common trustcommingled funds fall within two basic categories: personal trusts (common trust funds) and employee benefit trusts.trusts (collective investment funds). Westwood Trust sponsors common trustcommingled funds for most of the investment strategies managed by Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors. Westwood Trust has also engaged SKY Harbor Capital Management, LLC and Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC, both registered investment advisers,Advisors (prior to subadvise our High Yield Bond and International Fixed Income common trust funds, respectively.its 2020 closure).
Westwood Trust also develops asset allocation models for certain clients utilizing its commingled funds, mutual funds managed by Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors as well as from certain other(prior to its 2020 closure), and non-affiliated mutual fund families.funds.
Enhanced Balanced® Portfolios
Westwood Trust is a strong proponent of asset class diversification and offers its clients the ability to diversify among many different asset classes. Westwood Trust Enhanced Balanced® portfolios allocate assets among these asset classes into a customizable portfolio for clients seeking to maximize return for a given level of risk. Periodic adjustments are made to asset class weightings in Enhanced Balanced® portfolios based on historical returns, risk and correlation data, and our current capital markets outlook.
Select Equity Strategy
Distribution Channels
We marketdistribute our Westwood Management investment funds and advisory services through several distributiontwo primary market channels - Institutional and Intermediary. Our Distribution sales and support infrastructure supports the marketing and client service in both channels. Westwood Wealth Management provides wealth and investment management solutions primarily to optimize the reach of ourindividuals and utilizes both Westwood Management and external investment management services.
Institutional
The institutional team markets Westwood funds and advisory and trust services. These channels enable ussub-advisory services to leverage distribution infrastructurespension and capabilities of otherdefined contribution corporate and public plan sponsors, foundations and endowments, financial services firmsinstitutions and intermediaries while focusing on our core competency of developing and managingtheir investment strategies.
Intermediary and Retail
In our intermediary and retail channel, our team directly markets our investment advisory services, including the Westwood Funds®, to clients of other investment companies with broad, established distribution capabilities. In subadvisory arrangements, our client is generally the investment company through which our services are offered to investors, typically viafinancial intermediaries, RIAs, broker-dealers, turnkey asset management programs and select mutual fund offerings. The investment company that sponsors theplatforms. By leveraging our firm relationships we are also able to offer our strategies within select defined contribution and other retirement plans where clients utilize a mutual fund is responsible for appropriate marketing, distributionvehicle. We also continue to expand our relationships with financial intermediaries that manage discretionary mutual fund models. Our wholesaling group markets our mutual funds and operationalseparately managed accounts directly to select broker-dealers and accounting activities.RIAs.
Managed accounts are similar in some respects to subadvisorymutual fund relationships in that a third-party financial institution, such as a brokerage firmbroker-dealer or turnkey asset management program provider, handles distribution to the end client.RIA, trades securities under our model. The end client in a managed account is typically a high net
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worth individual or small institution.institution that would prefer to own shares directly, rather than in a mutual fund. In these arrangements, the third-party financial institution is responsible to the end client for client service, operations and accounting.
In our mutual funds channel, we market our registered mutual funds, the Westwood Funds®, to institutional investment consultants, financial intermediaries, registered investment advisers, select broker-dealers and fund supermarkets. By leveraging our existing relationships with institutional investment consulting firms we are able to participate when their defined contribution and other retirement plan clients require a mutual fund vehicle. We have also engaged a third-party distribution firm focused on select investment advisors and broker-dealers in the United States. We also seek relationships with financial intermediaries that manage discretionary fund models in order to have our funds placed in such models. Our wholesaling group markets our funds directly to registered investment advisers, select broker-dealers and mutual fund supermarkets.
Growth Strategy
We believe that we have established a strong platform to support future growth, deriving our strength in large part from the experience and capabilities of our management team and skilled investment professionals. We believe that this focused, stable team has contributed significantly to our solid investment performance, superiorand client service and a growing array of investment strategies.professionals. We believe that opportunities for future growth will come from our ability to:
•generate growth in our investment management platform from new and existing clients and consultant relationships;relationships, while expanding intermediary distribution;
•attract and retain key employees;
•grow assets in our existing and new investment strategies;
•continue to enhance our digital capabilities;
•foster continued growth of the private wealth management platform and distribution channel;
•foster expanded distribution via mutual funds;intermediary distribution;
•pursue strategic corporate development opportunities;
•offer a diverse array of financial services such as banking and private equity investing through strategic alliances;
•pursue international opportunities internationally through targeted sales and relationships with international distributors and institutional investors;
•continue to strengthen our brand name;
•innovation in products and services, as well as new channels; and
•develop or acquire new investment strategies.
Generate growth from new and existing clients and consultant relationships, while expanding intermediary distribution. As our primary business objective, we intend to maintain and enhance existing relationships with clients, and investment consultants and intermediaries by providing solidvalue added investment performance and attentive client service. Over the last few years, we have expanded and restructured our distribution team to improve our proactive sales and client engagement strategy. We also intend to pursue growth via targeted sales and marketing efforts that emphasizeshowcase our boutique offering of high-conviction equity and outcome-oriented solutions, our consistent investment philosophy, performance and superior client service. New institutional client accounts are sourced from either investment consultants or from our direct sales efforts with institutional investors. In the intermediary channel, we also intend to broaden platform placement and expand our SMA offering. We believe that the in-depth knowledge of our firm, our people and our processes embedded in our consultant and platform relationships, as well as in existing and prospective client relationships, is aare key factorfactors when being considered for new client investment mandates.mandates and platform placements.
Attract and retain key employees. To achieve our investment performance and client relationship objectives, we must be able to attract and retain talented professionals. We believe that we have created a workplace environment in which motivated, performance-driven and client-oriented individuals can thrive. As a public company, we offer our employees a compensation program that includes strong equity incentives to closely align their success with that of our clients and stockholders. We believe that these factors are critical to maintaining a stable, client-focused environment that can support significant future growth.
Grow assets in our existing investment strategies. We have significant capacity to manage additional assets across our existing range of investment strategies, which we have continued to expand.strategies. We have developed a range of approximately 20 institutional investment strategies by building on the core competencies of our U.S. Value Team. Our Global and Emerging Markets Equity Team provides equity strategies that focus on emerging and global markets: Emerging Markets, Emerging Markets Plus, Emerging Markets SMid and Global Equity. Our emerging markets strategies have experienced strong investor demand, and we believe they provide additional growth opportunities. Our Global Convertible Securities Team manages a long-only strategy called Strategic Global Convertibles and a market neutral strategy called Market Neutral Income. Our U.S. Value Team has launched multiple strategies since 2014, including Concentrated LargeCap Value, MLP Opportunities, MLP & Strategic Energy, Worldwide Income Opportunity, Low Volatility Equity and Flexible Income. These offerings, in combination withMulti-Asset teams.
Continue to enhance our rangedigital capabilities. Over the past several years we have invested a significant amount of seasonedcapital to enhance our automation and digital efficiency. We moved our technology infrastructure to secure, cloud-based access, created a data warehouse to improve our investment strategies, provide significant capacityoperations work flow, upgraded our trade order management and trade compliance systems, digitized our portfolio accounting and reconciliation system, and outsourced our trading function. We are also developing digital client portals for our institutional and wealth management clients. We believe these investments position us to grow assets under management. We have the team in placeimprove efficiencies and better respond to support these investment strategies and, with strong investment performance, we believe thatconsumer demand for these strategies can provide meaningful growth for our assets under management.digital interaction with investment advisors.
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Foster continued growth of the private wealth management platform and distribution channel. Westwood Trust serves small to medium-sized institutions as well as high net worth individuals and families.families, as well as small to medium-sized institutions. We anticipate continued interest from clients and prospects in our diversified, highly attentive service model. A significant percentage of asset growthinflows at Westwood Trust stems from referrals, as well as gathering additional assets from existing clients. We believe that our Enhanced Balanced® strategy, which offers diversified exposure to multiple asset classes in a comprehensive manner, our Select Equity strategy, which offers diversified equity exposure in a tax-efficient manner, and our offerings for separately managed portfolios willportfolio offerings all provide opportunities for growth. Additionally, as consumer demand for digital interaction with investment advisers and portfolios continues to grow, we are exploring opportunities to offer passive investment management strategies to enhance services to our private wealth clients.
Foster expanded intermediary distribution. Over the past several years we have expanded our geographic approach and focused coverage for intermediary distribution, via mutual funds. We have fourteen fundsand built up our intermediary sales team to extend our coverage and accelerate growth in the Westwood Funds® family:
top markets. We believe that providing investors access to our mutual funds is a key component to achieving asset growth in the defined contribution and retirement marketplaces as well as with registered investment advisers. With the exception of Westwood Short Duration High YieldRIAs and Westwood Opportunistic High Yield, both of which are subadvised by SKY Harbor Capital Management, LLC, the Westwood Funds® generally mirror our institutional strategies. All funds offer capped expense ratios and are available in an institutional share class. We also offer Class A shares for Westwood LargeCap Value (WWLAX), Westwood Income Opportunity (WWIAX), Westwood Emerging Markets (WWEAX) and Westwood Short Duration High Yield (WSDAX) in order to target No Transaction Fee (NTF) mutual fund supermarket platforms and the broker/dealer marketplace. Westwood Market Neutral Income (WMNUX) and Westwood Opportunistic High Yield (WHYUX) offer an Ultra share class generally only available to institutional investors who purchase the fund directly and for which no shareholder servicing fees are paid.select broker-dealers.
Pursue strategic corporate development opportunities. We continually evaluate strategic corporate development opportunities to augment organic growth. We may pursue variousa variety of transactions, including acquisitions of asset management firms, mutual funds, private wealth management firms, or other financial institutions, as well as hiring investment professionals or teams. We consider opportunities to enhance our existing operations, expand our range of investment strategies and services or further develop our distribution capabilities. By acquiring investment firms or by hiring investment professionals or teams that successfully manage investment strategies beyond our current expertise, we can both attract new clients and provide existing clients with an even more diversified range of investment strategies. We may also consider forging alliances with other financial services or technology firms to leverage our core competency of developing and managing investment strategies with alliance partners that can provide enhanced distribution capabilities or additional service offerings.
Pursue international opportunities internationally through targeted sales and relationships with international distributors and institutional investors.In recent years we have increased our sales efforts outside of the U.S. As of December 31, 2017,2021, non-U.S. clients represented approximately 23%1% of our assets under management compared with 12% as of December 31, 2013. The growth in our non-U.S. client base has primarily been a function of the broadening of our range of investment strategies to include Emerging Markets equity and Global Convertible Securities. In addition, we established a UCITS platform in 2012 and now offer three sub-funds under the UCITS umbrella for non-U.S. investors.AUM. We intend to continue our sales efforts outside of the U.S. We have also engaged a third-party distribution firm focused on intermediary and institutional distribution throughout Continental Europe. We may consider forging alliances with additional international financial services firms or partners to obtain enhanced distribution capabilities and greater access to global customers. Additionally, weWe continue to target select institutional clients around the globe.
Continue to strengthen our brand name. We believe that the strength of our brand name has been a key component to our long-term success in the investment industry and will be instrumental to our future success. We have developed oura strong brand name largely through our performance, coupled with high profile coverage in investment publications and electronic media. Several of our investment professionals have been visible in print and electronic media, and we will continue to look for creative ways to strengthen our brand name and reputation in our target markets.
Develop or acquire new investment strategies. We continue to look for opportunities to expand the range of investment strategies that we offer to existing and prospective clients. We may consider internally-developed strategies that extend our existing investment process to new markets, and we may also consider externally acquired investment strategies. An expanded range of investment strategies offers additional ways to serve our client base, generating more diversified revenue streams, as well as providing asset and revenue growth opportunities.
Competition
We are subject to substantial and growing competition in all aspects of our business. Barriers to entry in the asset management business are relatively low and we expect to face a growing number of competitors. Although no single company dominates the asset management industry, many companies are larger, better known and have greater resources.
We compete against numerous investment dealers, banks, insurance companies, mutual fund companies, exchange-traded funds, brokerage and investment firms and others that sell equity funds, taxable income funds, tax-free investments and other investment products. In addition, the allocation of assets by many investors from active equity investment to index funds, fixed income or similar asset classes has enhanced the ability of firms offering non-equity asset classes and passive equity management to compete effectively with us. The demand for passive strategies with low-fee structures has rapidly increased, and investors are more frequently demandingdemand customized and personalized strategies to fit their investment needs. This shift in the marketplace may benefit competitors that offer certain investment vehicles that we do not currently offer. In summary, our competitive landscape is intense and dynamic, and wewhich may not be ableaffect our ability to compete successfully in the future as an independent company.
Additionally, most prospective clients perform a thorough review of an investment manager’s background, investment policies and performance before committing assets to that manager. In many cases, prospective clients invite a number of
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competing firms to make presentations. The process of obtaining a new client typically takes twelve to eighteen months from the time of the initial contact. While we have achieved success in competing for new clients, it is a process to which we dedicate significant resources over an extended period, with no certainty of winning.
Regulation
Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to federal, state and other non-U.S. jurisdictions' laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect investment advisory clients. Under such laws and regulations, agencies that regulate investment advisers have broad administrative powers, including the power to limit, restrict or prohibit advisers from carrying on their business if they fail to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions include suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in certain lines of business for specified periods of time, revocation of investment adviser and other registrations, censures and fines. We believe that we are in compliance with all material laws and regulations.
Westwood Management
Our business is subject to regulation at federal and state levels by the SEC and other regulatory bodies. Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. are registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Investment Advisers Act”) and under the laws of various states. As registered investment advisers,RIAs, Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. are regulated and subject to examination by the SEC. The Investment Advisers Act imposes numerous obligations on registered investment advisers,RIAs, including fiduciary duties, record keeping, operational and marketing requirements and disclosure obligations. Westwood Management Corp. also acts as adviser to the Westwood Funds®, a family of mutual funds registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Investment“Investment Company Act"Act”). As an adviser to a registered investment company, Westwood Management Corp. must comply with the Investment Company Act and related regulations. The Investment Company Act imposes numerous obligations on registered investment companies, including requirements relating to operations, fees charged, sales, accounting, record keeping, disclosure, governance, and restrictions on transactions with affiliates. Under SEC rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to the federal securities laws, we are subject to periodic SEC examinations. The SEC can institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Investment Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act, ranging from censure to termination of an investment adviser’s registration. The failure of Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. to comply with SEC requirements could have a material adverse effect on Westwood. We must also comply with anti-money laundering
laws and regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, as subsequently amended and reauthorized (the "Patriot Act"“Patriot Act”). We believe that we are in compliance with the regulations under the Investment Advisers Act, the Investment Company Act and the Patriot Act.
As an investment adviser, we have a fiduciary duty to our clients. The SEC has interpreted that duty to impose standards, requirements and limitations on, among other things: trading of client accounts, allocation of investment opportunities among clients, use of soft dollars, execution of transactions and recommendations to clients. We manage accounts for our clients with the authority to buy and sell securities, select broker-dealers to execute trades and negotiate brokerage commission rates. We may receive soft dollar credits from certain broker-dealers that are used to pay for brokerage and research relatedresearch-related products, which reduces certain company operating expenses. We intend to use soft dollars to pay for only those brokerage and research related products and services that fall within the safe harbor provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. If our ability to use soft dollars were reduced or eliminated as a result of the implementation of statutory amendments or new regulations, our operating expenses would increase.
Westwood Trust
Westwood Trust operates in a highly regulated environment and is subject to extensive supervision and examination. As a Texas chartered trust company, Westwood Trust is subject to the Texas Finance Code (the “Finance Code”), the rules and regulations promulgated under the Finance Code and supervision by the Texas Department of Banking. These laws are intended primarily for the protection of Westwood Trust’s clients and creditors rather than for the benefit of investors. The Finance Code provides for and regulates a variety of matters, such as:
•minimum capital maintenance requirements;
•restrictions on dividends;
•restrictions on investments of restricted capital;
•lending and borrowing limitations;
•prohibitions against engaging in certain activities;
•periodic fiduciary and information technology examinations by the Texas Department of Banking Commissioner;
•furnishing periodic financial statements to the Texas Department of Banking Commissioner;
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•fiduciary record keeping requirements; and
•prior regulatory approval for certain corporate events (such as mergers, the sale or purchase of all or substantially all trust company assets and transactions transferring control of a trust company).
The Finance Code also gives the Banking Commissioner broad regulatory powers (including penalties and civil and administrative actions) if the trust company violates certain provisions of the Finance Code, including implementing conservatorship or closure if Westwood Trust is determined to be in a “hazardous condition” (as defined by applicable law). Westwood Trust’s failure to comply with the Finance Code could have a material adverse effect on Westwood.
Westwood Trust is limited by the Finance Code in the payment of dividends to undivided profits, which is described as the part of equity capital equal to the balance of net profits, income, gains and losses since formation minus subsequent distributions to stockholders and transfers to surplus or capital under share dividends or appropriate board resolutions. At the discretion of its Board of Directors, Westwood Trust has made quarterly and special dividend payments, and other distributions, to Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. out of undivided profits.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
We are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and to its related regulations insofar as we are a “fiduciary”fiduciary under ERISA with respect to some clients. ERISA and applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose certain duties on fiduciaries under ERISA or on entities that provide services to ERISA plan clients and prohibit certain transactions involving ERISA plan clients.
Health and Safety
The health and safety of Labor Fiduciary Rule
•increasing work from home flexibility;
•minimizing staff levels in all offices;
•improving office cleaning protocols;
•establishing new physical distancing procedures for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued and actions we may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act. The accounting is expected to be complete when our 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in the third quarter of 2018. Further information on the taxemployees while onsite;
•initiating regular communication regarding impacts of the Tax Reform Act is includedCOVID-19 pandemic, including health and safety protocols and procedures;
•implementing protocols to address actual and suspected COVID-19 cases and potential exposure; and
•requiring masks to be worn in Note 7 "Income Taxes"all offices.
Diversity and Inclusion
We believe that our culture of diversity and inclusion enables us to develop and fully leverage the strengths of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statementspeople. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 43% of our workforce was female and Supplementary Data" accompanying this Report.
minorities represented approximately 25% of our workforce.
Employees
At December 31, 2017,2021, we had 181130 full-time employees, (166 basedall in the United States and 15 based in Canada).U.S. No employees are represented by a labor union, and we believe our employee relations are favorable. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 18% of our employees held the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")
ESG Core Principles
Since inception, we were intentional about the corporate culture we wanted to be favorable.foster ― one focused on core values. To keep us motivated, we found inspiration in Coach John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success™ to help us aspire and maintain a culture of teamwork, integrity and valuing client interests ahead of our own.
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2.Diversity, equity and inclusion;
3.Community;
4.Responsible investing;
5.Privacy and data protection; and
6.Governance.
We include ESG issues in our operating segments, Advisoryinvestment process and Trust, please see Note 14 "Segment Reporting"measure ourselves against them because it makes business sense. It improves our ability to create an environment that values true diversity, inclusiveness and transparency and ultimately supports employee growth for the long term.
As an active asset manager, we take a fundamental, financial materiality-based approach to identifying high-quality companies and sound businesses around the world. We integrate ESG into our proprietary investment process and believe material ESG-related issues are important in conducting bottom-up, fundamental analysis when evaluating the merits of a company’s strategy, downside risk and valuation. Based on our research, we find sustainability plays a critical role in company selection and has always been an input to our Consolidated Financial Statements includedanalysis. As ESG evaluation techniques continue to evolve, we will adapt our own analyses to stay true to our fiduciary responsibilities.
Being active describes more than our approach to investing. It also is how we run our business as a publicly traded company. Our focus on transparency, corporate governance, life principles, ethical conduct and giving back to the communities in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statementswhich we operate is core to our values. Diversity is also an important part of our culture and Supplementary Data" accompanyingidentity; approximately 43% of our employees are women — many in senior positions — and approximately 25% of our employees self-identify as members of minority communities.
Westwood is a signatory of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment ("UNPRI") and is committed to adopting and implementing responsible investment principles in a manner consistent with our fiduciary duties to clients. We support the UNPRI and recognize the importance of considering ESG issues as an element in our overall investment process.
Our responsible investment commitment is linked to our investment process across our high-conviction equity and outcome-oriented solutions. Across this Report.diverse set of strategies, we take a fundamental approach to identifying high-quality companies and sound businesses around the world. ESG is directly linked to the bottom-up, fundamental assessment of companies and has always been an input to our analyses.
Westwood is committed to the successful integration and promotion of ESG at both the corporate level and the investment level. We have established two governing structures, a Responsible Investment Committee and a Corporate Responsibility Committee, to ensure we have the strategic influence and leadership required to create a clear corporate sustainability strategy across our business. The separation of responsibilities among the two governing structures was designed to ensure proper accountability across the firm.
The Responsible Investment Committee was established to consider matters related to the maintenance, development and implementation of our responsible investment practices to support our ESG policy. The Corporate Responsibility Committee was established for the oversight and implementation of our corporate sustainability strategy and ESG policies. The Corporate Responsibility Committee governs as a cross-functional team designed to engage leadership across key corporate functions to provide oversight as well as strategic guidance.
Engagement
As part of our fundamental investment research process, our analysts conduct meetings with target company managements and investor relations to understand strategy, execution and financial strength. When ESG issues are of specific concern, our team seeks to understand how the target company plans to address them and views this from a “tracking” perspective over time.
ESG Integration
Across all of our strategies, ESG analysis is designed to focus only on material factors. We support this approach with an explicit acknowledgement that fundamental analysis of ESG is highly nuanced by security (sector, size, geography) and investment strategy (holding period, position size, share rights). The specifics of integration and execution are left to the discretion of the investment teams.
ESG analysis is performed by our industry analysts during the first step of our investment process in which an analyst is conducting deep, forward-looking research. Analysts have access to multiple third-party ESG metric providers and often
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generate their own inputs. These inputs ultimately are integrated into a proprietary financial statement projection, which becomes a part of our investment recommendation.
Proxy Voting
Westwood views proxy voting rights as valuable portfolio assets. Our overarching principle is to exercise voting responsibilities solely in the best interests of our clients. We see proxy voting as a means of addressing corporate governance issues and encouraging corporate actions that enhance shareholder value. Westwood has selected guidelines from a third-party proxy research service, Glass-Lewis, that we believe create value for our clients and cover most proxy issues. The Investment Operations Team serves as the administrator responsible for overseeing the implementation of our proxy voting policy. Westwood’s Corporate Responsibility Committee, in collaboration with our investment team’s bi-monthly review of ballots, has confirmed that our proxy voting guidelines on environmental, social and governance issues generally match the Glass-Lewis policy, which is to vote in favor of such items when there is a clear link between the proposal and value enhancement or risk mitigation to shareholders. Our goal is to vote all proxies and, in most cases, we agree with and follow the recommendations of our proxy research service; however, we will vote against Glass-Lewis recommendations when we feel it is in our clients’ best interests. A summary of voting is sent to each client for whom proxies are voted on an annual basis.
Social Impact and Corporate Giving
Community involvement is the cornerstone of our culture, which drives employee engagement and makes employees proud to work at Westwood. Every year we donate to local and national nonprofits and support clients and employees in their volunteer efforts.
Environment
At Westwood, we embrace caring for our communities and are taking steps to take care of the world around us through our initiative to calculate carbon footprints and buying carbon credits. Our Green Committee establishes initiatives to support this important work.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
We believe these represent the material risks currently facing our business. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. You should also refer to the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Report, including our financial statements and related notes.
Risks Related to the Investment Industry
Our results of operations depend upon the market value and composition of assets under management,AUM, which can fluctuate significantly based on various factors, some of which are beyond our control.
Our revenues are primarily generated from fees derived as a percentage of assets under management (“AUM”).AUM. The value of our AUM can be negatively impacted by several factors, including:
•Market performance: Performance of the securities markets could be impacted by a number of factors beyond our control, including, among others, general economic downturns, political uncertainty, acts of terrorism or natural disasters. Negative performance within the securities markets or short-term volatility within the securities markets could result in investors withdrawing assets, decreasing their rates of investment or shifting assets to cash or other asset classes or strategies that we do not manage, all of which could reduce our revenues. In addition, during periods of slowing growth or declining revenues, profits and profit margins are adversely affected because certain expenses remain relatively fixed.
•Investment performance: Because we compete with many asset management firms on the basis of our investment strategies, the maintenance and growth of assets under managementAUM is dependent, to a significant extent, on the investment performance of the assets that we manage. Poor performance may result in the loss or reduction of client accounts, which decreases revenues. Underperformance relative to peer groups and/or relevant benchmarks for our various investment strategies could adversely affect our results of operations, especially if such underperformance continues for an extended period of time. The historical returns of our strategies and the ratings and rankings we, or the mutual funds that we advise, have received in the past should not be considered indicative of the future results of these strategies or of any other strategies that we may develop in the future. The investment performance we achieve for our customers varies over time and variances can be wide. In addition, certain of our investment strategies have capacity constraints, as there ismay be a limit to the number of securities available for certain strategies to operate effectively. In those instances, we may choose to limit access to new or existing investors.
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The investment management and wealth management industry is highly competitive and innovative.
The investment management and wealth management industry is highly competitive based on a variety of factors, including investment performance, fee rates, continuity of investment professionals and client relationships, the quality of services provided to clients, corporate positioning, business reputation and differentiated products. A number of factors increase our competitive risks, including the following:
•Potential competitors have a relatively low cost of entering the investment management industry;
•Many competitors have greater financial, technological, marketing and other resources, more comprehensive name recognition and more personnel than we do;
•The continuing trend toward consolidation in the investment management industry, and the securities business in general, has served to increase the size and strength of some of our competitors;
•Recent changes in consumer demand for technological capabilities, including the enhanced ability for firms to offer lower fees for passive management strategies, has increased competition in our industry;
•Shifts in demand for alternative investment styles, asset classes and distribution vehicles may cause our competitors to be perceived as more attractive;
•Other industry participants, hedge funds and alternative asset managers may seek to recruit our investment professionals;
•Some competitors charge lower fees for their investment management services than we do;
•Some competitors may provide more comprehensive client services, including banking, financial planning and tax planning at levels beyond what we currently provide; and
•Some competitors may have more sophisticated, innovative or advanced distribution networks than we do.
In particular, we have faced significant competition from competitors with lower fee, passive investment strategies. Investment advisors that emphasize passive products have gained, and may continue to gain, significant market share from active managers like us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we are unable to compete effectively, our earnings could be reduced and our business could be adversely affected.
Some of our strategies invest in the securities of non-U.S. companies, which involve foreign currency exchange, tax, political, social and economic uncertainties and risks.
Over the past five years, approximately 18% of our AUM was invested in strategies offering access to global markets with significant exposure to non-U.S. companies. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could negatively affect the returns of clients invested in these strategies. Investments in non-U.S. issuers may also be affected by tax positions taken in countries or regions in which we are invested, as well as political, social and economic uncertainty or other diplomatic developments. Many financial markets are less developed or efficient than U.S. financial markets with limited liquidity and higher price volatility, and may lack an established regulatory framework. Liquidity and price volatility may be adversely affected by political or economic events, government policies and social or civil unrest within a particular country. These risks, among others, could adversely affect the performance of our strategies invested in securities of non-U.S. issuers and may be particularly acute in emerging or less developed markets. As a result, we may be unable to attract or retain client investments in these strategies, or assets invested in these strategies may experience significant declines in value and our results of operations may be negatively affected.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
Our business is subject to extensive regulation, which is subject to frequent change, with attendant compliance costs and serious consequences for violations; expansion into international markets and introduction of new products and services increases our regulatory and operational risks.
Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to laws and regulations, including the Investment Advisers Act, the Investment Company Act, the Patriot Act, the Finance Code and anti-money laundering laws. These laws and regulations generally grant regulatory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict us from operating our business, as well as powers to place us under conservatorship or closure if we fail to comply with such laws and regulations. Violations of such laws or regulations could subject us or our employees to disciplinary proceedings and civil or criminal liability, including revocation of licenses, censures, fines or temporary suspensions, permanent barring from the conduct of business, conservatorship or closure. Any such proceeding or liability could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.
In addition, the regulatory environment in which we operate is subject to change. We may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations or by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and
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regulations. In recent years, regulators have increased their oversight of the financial services industry. Some regulations are focused directly on the investment management industry, while others are more broadly focused but affect our industry as well. In April 2016, the DOL issued a final rule regarding the definition of an investment advice fiduciary under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. The rule expands the scope of investment advice subject to fiduciary standards by imposing ERISA fiduciary standards to advisors of individual retirement accounts. The rule focuses on conflicts of interest related to investment recommendations made by financial advisors, registered investment advisors and other investment professionals. The rule became applicable on June 9, 2017, with certain requirements deferred until July 1, 2019. While we have made necessary operational changes to comply with the rule, we continue to review and analyze the impact to our business and our clients. We will continue to monitor and make necessary operational changes to comply with the rule, but compliance with the rule and the related class exemptions could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 significantly increased and revised the federal rules and regulations governing the financial services industry and, in addition to other regulations, has generally resulted in increased compliance and administrative requirements. For example, the SEC’s adoption of Form PF and revisions to Form ADV impose additional reporting requirements for SEC-registered investment advisors. Additionally, ERISA Section 408(b)(2) and related regulations require additional information to be provided to ERISA-governed retirement plans. While we believe that changes in laws, rules and regulations, including those discussed above, have increased our administrative and compliance costs, we are unable to quantify the increased costs attributable to such changes. See “Item 1. Business — Regulation.”
We engage in product offerings and international business activities through our global and emerging markets, global multi-asset and global convertible securities product offerings. Additionally,offerings that we make available to our international and domestic client base continues to expand internationally.clients. As of December 31, 2017,2021, approximately 23%1% of our AUM is managed for clients who are domiciled outside the United States.U. S. As a result, we face increased operational, regulatory, compliance, marketing, client service, reputational and foreign exchange rate risks. In particular, rapid regulatory change is occurring internationally with respect to financial institutions, including, but not limited to, anticipated revisions to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities)Securities, or "UCITS") Regulations 2011 and the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II).Directive. The failure of our compliance and internal control systems to properly identify and mitigate such additional risks, or of our operating infrastructure to support international activities, could result in operational failures and actions by regulatory agencies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We devote considerable time and resources to both domestic and international compliance; however, we may fail to timely and properly identify regulatory requirements or modify our compliance procedures for changes in our regulatory environment, which may subject us to legal proceedings, domestic and foreign government investigations, penalties and fines.
Our business involves risks of being engaged in litigation and liability that could increase our expenses and reduce our results of operations.
Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of liability. We could be named as defendants or co-defendants in lawsuits or could be involved in disputes that involve the threat of lawsuits seeking substantial damages. As an SEC-registered investment adviser,SEC-RIA, mutual fund adviser, trustee to certain Trust clients and publicly-traded entity, we are subject to governmental and self-regulatory organization examinations, investigations and proceedings. Similarly, the investment strategies that we manage could be subject to actual or threatened lawsuits and governmental and self-regulatory organization investigations and proceedings, any of which could harm the investment returns or reputation of the applicable fund or result in our being liable for any resulting damages. There has been an increased incidence of litigation and regulatory investigations in the asset management industry in recent years, including customer claims, as well as class action suits seeking substantial damages. While customers do not have legal recourse against us solely on the basis of poor investment results, if our investment strategies perform poorly or we provide poor financial advice, we are more likely to become subject to litigation brought by dissatisfied clients. In addition, to the extent customers are successful in claiming that their losses resulted from fraud, negligence, willful misconduct, breach of contract or other similar misconduct, these clients may have remedies against us, the mutual funds and other funds we advise or our investment professionals under the federal securities laws or state law. See the discussion of legal proceedings in Item 3. “Legal Proceedings”.
Business and Operational Risks
Due to the substantial cost and time required to introduce new investment strategies or expand the market for current strategies, we may not be able to successfully introduce investment strategies in a timely manner, or at all.
We have incurred significant costs to develop new investment strategies, launch new mutual funds under the Westwood Funds® name, and upgrade our business infrastructure. We expect to continue to incur significant costs related to such improvements.
The development of new investment strategies, whether through acquisition or internal development, requires a substantial amount of time and significant financial resources, including expenses related to compensation, sales and marketing, information technology, legal counsel and other professional services. Our ability to market and sell a new investment strategy depends on our financial resources, the investment performance of the specific strategy, the timing of the offering, the timing of regulatory approvals and our marketing strategies. Once an investment strategy is developed, we must effectively introduce the strategy to existing and prospective clients. Our ability to sell new investment strategies to existing and prospective clients may depend on our ability to meet or exceed the performance of our competitors offering the same or a similar strategy. We may not be able to manage the assets within a given investment strategy profitably, and it may take years before we produce the kind of results that will attract clients. If we are unable to realize the benefits of the costs and expenses incurred in developing new investment strategies, we may experience losses as a result of our management of these investment strategies, and our ability to introduce further new investment strategies and compete in our industry may be hampered.
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To introduce new investment strategies, we may seek to add new investment teams. To the extent we are unable to recruit and retain investment teams to complement our existing business model, we may not be successful in further diversifying and increasing our investment strategies and client assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and future prospects. The addition of a new team using an investment strategy with which we may have limited or no experience may require additional resources to update our operational platform and could strain our operational resources and increase the possibility of operational errors. Additional investments may be required to improve our operational platform. If any new teams or strategies perform poorly and fail to attract sufficient assets, our results of operations and reputation may be adversely affected.
Damage to our reputation could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our brand is a valuable intangible asset that could be vulnerable to threats that can be difficult or impossible to anticipate or control. Regulatory inquiries and rumors could damage our reputation, even if they are unfounded or satisfactorily addressed. Our reputation could also be negatively affected by employees and third parties acting on our behalf, who may circumvent our controls or act in a manner inconsistent with our policies and procedures. Public perception of our brand could be negatively affected by decreases in our profitability, AUM or stock price. Damage to our brand could impede our ability to attract and retain customers and key employees and could reduce our AUM, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our success depends on certain key employees and our ability to attract and develop new, talented professionals. Our inability to attract and retain key employees could compromise our future success.
Our future success depends upon our ability to attract and retain professional and executive employees, including investment, marketing, client service and management personnel. There is substantial competition for skilled personnel within the asset management business, and the failure to attract, develop, retain and motivate qualified personnel could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. In order to retain or replace key personnel, we may be required to increase compensation, which would decrease net income. Investment and sales professionals often maintain strong relationships with their clients, and their departure may cause us to lose client accounts, which could have a material impact on our revenues and results of operations.
Failure to perform operational tasks or the misrepresentation of products and services could have an adverse effect on our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations are complex, and our failure to properly perform portfolio responsibilities, including security pricing, corporate actions, investment restrictions compliance, daily net asset value calculations, account reconciliations, tax reporting, investment performance calculations and portfolio oversight could result in reputational harm or subject us to regulatory sanctions, fines, penalties and litigation.
We use advertising materials, public relations information and other external communications to market and sell our investment products. Failure to accurately calculate and present investment performance data within established guidelines and regulations could result in reputational harm or subject us to regulatory sanctions, fines, penalties and litigation.
Damage to our reputation could impede our ability to attract and retain customers and key employees and could reduce our AUM, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Significant regulatory sanctions, fines, penalties, and litigation could also materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to select appropriate third-party vendors and apply appropriate oversight of third-party vendors could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on third-party vendors to perform important portions of our operations, and there is no assurance that our third-party vendors will properly perform or follow our processes, policies and procedures. There is no assurance that our plans for transition or delegation to a third-party vendor will be successful or that there will not be interruptions in service from these third parties. A third-party vendor's failure to accurately perform important operations or follow our processes, policies and procedures could result in the loss of clients, significant regulatory sanctions, fines, penalties and litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are a holding company dependent on the operations and funds of our subsidiaries.
We are a holding company, with no revenue-generating operations or assets other than our ownership interests in Westwood Management and Westwood Trust. Accordingly, we are dependent on the cash flow generated by these operating subsidiaries and rely on dividends or other intercompany transfers from our operating subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet our obligations.
Technology and Privacy Risks
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Failure to implement and maintain effective cyber security controls could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, reputation and stock price.
Our business is dependent on information technology systems and the cyber security controls we and our third party vendors have in place to protect those systems and the information contained therein. Despite the implementation of protective measures and endeavoring to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software, networks and vendors may be vulnerable to human error, natural disasters, power loss, spam attacks, unauthorized access, distributed denial of service attacks, computer viruses and other malicious code, and other events that could result in significant liability and damage to our reputation, and have an ongoing impact on the security and stability of our operations. The techniques used in these attacks are increasingly sophisticated, change frequently and are often not recognized until launched. A failure of our and our third party vendors' controls to protect our information technology from an external or internal attack or to prevent a breach of confidential client or competitive information could materially interrupt our operations and expose us to regulatory and legal actions, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, reputation and stock price. As attempted attacks continue to evolve in scope and sophistication, we may be required to expend substantial additional resources to modify or enhance our protective measures, to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures or to communicate about cyber attacks to our customers.
Additionally, the SEC issued guidance in February 2018 stating that, as a public company, we are expected to have controls and procedures that relate to cyber security disclosure, and are required under the federal securities laws to disclose information relating to certain cyber attacks or other information security breaches. Successful cyber attacks at other asset management companies or other market participants, whether or not we are affected, could lead to a general loss of customer confidence in the industry that could negatively affect us, including harming the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures, which could result in a loss of business.
Our business is vulnerable to systems failures that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any delays or inaccuracies in securities pricing information or information processing could give rise to claims that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are highly dependent on information systems and third-party vendors for securities pricing information, information processing and updates for certain software. We, or our third-party vendors, may suffer a systems failure or interruption, whether caused by an earthquake, fire, other natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, unauthorized access, force majeure, act of war or otherwise, and our back-up procedures and capabilities may be inadequate to prevent the risk of extended interruptions in operations.
Misuse of assets and information in the possession of our employees and third-party vendors could damage our reputation and result in costly litigation and liability for our clients and us.
Our employees and certain third-party vendors handle significant amounts of assets along with financial and personal information for our clients. Our employees or third party vendors could misuse or improperly disclose such information, either inadvertently or intentionally, which could harm our reputation. We have implemented a system of controls to minimize the risk of fraudulent use of assets and information; however, our controls may be insufficient to prevent fraudulent actions by employees or third party vendors. If our controls are ineffective, we could be subject to costly litigation, which could consume financial resources, distract management, damage our reputation and result in regulatory sanctions. Such fraudulent actions could also adversely affect clients, causing them to seek redress.
Risks Related to Ownership of Stock and Corporate Governance
Our stock is thinly traded and may be subject to volatility.
Although our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, it may be relatively illiquid, or “thinly traded,” which can increase share price volatility and make it difficult for larger investors to buy or sell shares in the public market without affecting the share price. Investors may be unable to buy or sell a certain quantity of our shares in the public market within one or more trading days. If any such limited trading in our stock continues, it may be difficult for holders to sell their shares in the public market at any given time at prevailing prices.
The prevailing market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results; changes in market valuations of other similar companies; additions or departures of key personnel; future sales of common stock; deviations in net revenues or in losses from levels expected by the investment community; and trading volume fluctuations.
Our organizational documents contain provisions that may prevent or deter another group from paying a premium over the market price to our stockholders to acquire our stock.
Our organizational documents currently contain provisions that establish that stockholders cannot act by written consent, and that authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without shareholder approval, blank check preferred stock. In addition, as a
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Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to business combinations. These provisions could delay, deter or prevent a merger, consolidation, tender offer or other business combination or change of control involving us that could include a premium over the market price of our common stock that some or a majority of our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.
Distributions to our common stockholders have included and may in the future include a return of capital.
Future distributions to our common stockholders may include a return of capital. To the extent that we distribute amounts that exceed our accumulated earnings, these distributions would constitute a return of capital to the extent of the common stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares of our common stock. A return of capital represents a return of a common stockholder’s original investment in shares of our common stock and should not be confused with a distribution from earnings. Although return of capital distributions may not be taxable, such distributions may increase an investor’s tax liability for capital gains upon the sale of our common stock by reducing the investor’s tax basis in its shares of our common stock. Such returns of capital reduce our asset base and could result in future needs for debt or capital infusions, which could have a material adverse impact on our business.
Our stockholder rights agreement (“Rights Agreement”) may make it more difficult for others to obtain control over us, even if it would be beneficial to our stockholders.
In May of 2021, our Board of Directors adopted a stockholder rights agreement. Pursuant to its terms, we have distributed a dividend of one right for each outstanding share of common stock of the Company to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 12, 2021. These rights would cause substantial dilution to the ownership of any person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our Board of Directors and may have the effect of deterring hostile takeover attempts. These provisions could discourage a future takeover attempt which individual stockholders might deem to be in their best interests or in which stockholders could receive a premium for their shares over current prices.
We believe these provisions protect our stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by effectively requiring those who seek to obtain control of the Company to negotiate with our Board of Directors and by providing our Board with more time to assess any acquisition of control. However, these provisions could apply even if an acquisition of control of the Company may be considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition of control that our Board of Directors determines is not in the best interests of our Company and our stockholders.
Actions of activist stockholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert the attention and resources of our management and the Board of Directors, and have an adverse effect on our business and stock price.
We have been and may continue to be subject to proposals by stockholders urging us to take certain corporate actions or seeking to acquire control over the Company. If activist stockholder activities continue or new activities arise, our business could be adversely affected as responding to actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of management and our Board of Directors, all of which could interfere with our ability to execute our strategic plan. We have retained, and may be required to continue to retain, the services of various professionals to advise us on activist stockholder matters, including legal, financial and communications advisors, the costs of which may adversely affect our financial results. In addition, the perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership created as a consequence of activist stockholder initiatives may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, result in the loss of key personnel, harm our ability to attract new investors, clients and employees, and cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility or stagnation.
In addition to our Rights Agreement, our organizational documents contain provisions that may prevent or deter another group from paying a premium over the market price to our stockholders to acquire our stock.
Our organizational documents currently contain provisions that establish that stockholders cannot act by written consent, and that authorize our Board of Directors to issue, without shareholder approval, blank check preferred stock. In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to business combinations. These provisions could delay, deter or prevent a merger, consolidation, tender offer or other business combination or change of control involving us that could include a premium over the market price of our common stock that some or a majority of our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.
Risks Related to our Clients
Competitive fee pressures could reduce revenues and profit margins.
To the extent we have to compete on the basis of price, we may not be able to maintain a profitable fee structure. In recent years, there has been a trend toward lower fees in the investment management industry driven in large part by low-cost, passive strategies, and we are actively marketing lower fee structures to stay competitive. We cannot be assured that we will succeed in providing investment returns and service levels that will allow us to maintain a profitable fee structure. Continued fee reductions on existing or future new business could have an adverse effect on our profit margins and results of operations.
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In addition, we have performance fee agreements with certain clients, who pay a fee if we outperform a specified index over predetermined periods of time. We may not be able to outperform such indexes, and failure to do so would cause us to earn none or only part of those potential revenues, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations. Our revenues from performance-based fees could fluctuate significantly between measurement periods, depending on how we perform relative to the indexes specified in these agreements. For example, we earned performance fees of $3.4 million in 2021, $3.2 million in 2020 and $0.8 million in 2019.
Our business is dependent on investment advisory, sub-advisory, and trust agreements that are subject to termination or non-renewal and investments we manage under such agreements may be redeemed. As a result, we could lose clients on very short notice.
Substantially all of our revenues are derived pursuant to investment advisory, sub-advisory and trust agreements with our clients that are subject to termination without advance notice. Investors in funds that we advise or sub-advise may redeem their investments at any time without prior notice, thereby reducing our AUM. These investors may redeem for any reason, including general financial market conditions, our absolute or relative investment performance or their own financial condition and requirements. In a declining stock market, the pace of redemptions could accelerate. Substantial additional redemptions or a termination or failure to renew a material number of these agreements would adversely affect our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial condition.
A small number of clients account for a substantial portion of our business, and a reduction or loss of business with any of these clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent to a significant degree on our ability to maintain our relationships with clients, consultants, managed account platforms and other intermediaries.Our ten largest clients accounted for approximately 22%, 24% and 20% of our fee revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in maintaining existing relationships, securing additional relationships or achieving the superior investment performance necessary to earn performance-based advisory fees. Our failure to retain one or more of these large relationships or to establish additional profitable relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
General Risk Factors
The recent COVID-19 pandemic, and other potential outbreaks, could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may face risks related to the outbreak of COVID-19, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The full impact of COVID-19 is unknown and rapidly evolving. The outbreak and any preventative or protective actions that governments, we or our clients may take in connection with this virus may result in a period of disruption, including with respect to our financial reporting capabilities and our operations generally, and could potentially impact our clients and third party vendors. Any resulting financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, reputation, financial condition, cash flows or ability to continue current operations without any direct or indirect impairment or disruption.
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity and spread of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, among others.
Failure to correctly identify our strategic growth plan or execute our strategic plan could result in damage to our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We believe that we have established a strong platform to support future growth, but there is no assurance that we will appropriately execute our strategic plans, including but not limited to acquisitions, divestitures or other strategic transactions.
As part of our long-term business strategy, we may pursue corporate development transactions including the acquisition of asset management firms, mutual funds, wealth management firms and investment professionals or teams. Acquisitions involve inherent risks that could compromise the success of the combined business and dilute the holdings of current stockholders. See “Item 1. Business — Growth Strategy.” If we are incorrect when assessing the value, strengths, weaknesses, liabilities and potential profitability of such transactions, or if we fail to adequately integrate the acquired businesses or individuals, the success of the combined business could be compromised. Business acquisitions are subject to the risks commonly associated with such transactions including, among others, potential exposure to unknown liabilities of acquired companies and to acquisition costs and expenses, the difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, potential disruptions to the business of the combined company and potential diversion of management’s time and attention, the impairment of relationships with and the possible loss of key employees and clients as a result of
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changes in management, potential litigation or other legal risks, potential write-downs related to goodwill impairments in connection with acquisitions and dilution to the stockholders of the combined company if the acquisition is made for stock of the combined company. In addition, investment strategies, technologies or businesses of acquired companies may not be effectively assimilated into our business or may have a negative effect on the combined company’s revenues or earnings. The combined company may also incur significant expenses to complete acquisitions and support acquired investment strategies and businesses. Further, any such acquisitions may be funded with cash, debt or equity, which could dilute the holdings or limit the rights of stockholders. Finally, we may not be successful in identifying attractive acquisition candidates or completing acquisitions on favorable terms.
Divestitures involve inherent risks that could compromise the success of our business. Risks related to divestitures can include difficulties in the separation of the divested business, loss of clients, retention or obligation to indemnify certain liabilities, the failure of counterparties to satisfy payment obligations, unfavorable market conditions that may impact any earnout or contingency payment due to us, unexpected difficulties in losing employees of the divested business or asset impairments.
As consumer demand for digital interaction with investment advisors and portfolios continues to grow, we are exploring opportunities to develop digital solutions to enhance services to our clients. If we are incorrect in assessing the value, strengths, weaknesses and potential profitability of such solutions, or if we fail to adequately integrate the solutions, the success of our overall business could be compromised. The initial investment in the necessary technological capabilities and the potential diversion of management’s time and attention could have a material impact to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
There is no assurance that we will be successful in overcoming these or other risks encountered with acquisitions, divestitures and other strategic transactions. These risks may prevent us from realizing the expected benefits from acquisitions or divestitures and could result in the failure to realize the full economic value of a strategic transaction.
Various factors may hinder the declaration and payment of dividends.
We have historically paid a quarterly dividend; however, payment of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors, and various factors may impact our ability to maintain the current dividend or pay dividends at all. We reinstated a dividend in the first quarter of 2021, following a suspension in the second quarter of 2020 as we preserved capital and provided additional financial flexibility amid the uncertainties created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors include our financial position, capital requirements and liquidity, tax regulations, stock repurchase plans, state corporate and banking law restrictions, results of operations and other factors that our Board of Directors may consider relevant. As a holding company, our ability to pay dividends is dependent on the dividends and income we receive from our subsidiaries. Currently, our primary source of cash consists of dividends from Westwood Management or Westwood Trust. The payment of dividends by Westwood Trust is subject to the discretion of its Board of Directors and compliance with applicable laws, including the provisions of the Finance Code applicable to Westwood Trust. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
We may not be able to fund future capital requirements on favorable terms, if at all.
We cannot be certain that financing to fund our working capital or other cash requirements, if needed, will be available on favorable terms, if at all. Our capital requirements may vary greatly from quarter to quarter depending on, among other things, capital expenditures, technological investments and fluctuations in our operating results and financing activities. If financing becomes necessary, we may or may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all. Further, any future equity financings could dilute the relative percentage ownership of then existing common stockholders, and any future debt financings could involve restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions.
Failure to properly identify and address conflicts of interest could harm our reputation or cause clients to withdraw funds, each of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The SEC and other regulators have increased their scrutiny of potential conflicts of interest, and we have implemented procedures and controls that we believe are reasonably designed to address these issues. However, appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest is complex, and if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest, we could face reputational damage, litigation or regulatory proceedings, any of which may adversely affect our results of operations.
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results of operations may be adversely affected in the short term. Although we believe such actions enable us to retain client assets and maintain our profit margins, if clients perceive a change in our investment or operational decisions favors a strategy to maximize short term results, they may withdraw funds, which could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
Insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover legal and regulatory proceedings.
We maintain insurance coverage in amounts and on terms we believe appropriate to cover legal and regulatory matters and potential cyber security attacks; however, we can make no assurance that there will be adequate coverage or that a specific claim will be covered by our insurance policies at all.policies. Additionally, insurance premiums may rise for substantially the same coverage amounts and terms, which will increase our expenses and reduce our net income.
Failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
Effective internal controls are necessary to provide reliable financial reports. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports, our brand and operating results could be harmed. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, havecontain inherent limitations, and even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
We cannot be certain that the measures we take to evaluate and improve our internal controls will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on our stock price.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Westwood, Westwood Management and Westwood Trust conduct their principal operations using approximately 40,00045,000 square feet of leased office space in Dallas, Texas pursuant to a lease with an initial term that expires in March 2026. In 2021 we entered into sublease agreements with third parties for approximately 15,000 square feet of our Dallas, Texas office space. Those agreements expire in 2025. In addition, we lease approximately 8,000 square feet of office space in Houston, Texas pursuant to a lease with a term that expires in June 2024 and approximately 2,000 square feet of office space in Framingham, Massachusetts pursuant to a lease with a term that expires in August 2023. Westwood International Advisors conducts its principal operations using approximately 6,000 square feet of office space in Toronto, Ontario pursuant to a lease with a term that expires in October 2021. 2024.
We continue to assess these facilities to ensure their adequacy to serve our anticipated business needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are subject from time to time to certain claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “WHG.” At December 31, 2017,2021, there were approximately 236220 record holders of our common stock, although we believe that the number of beneficial owners of our common stock is substantially greater. The table below presents the high and low closing prices for our common stock, as reported by the NYSE for the periods indicated.
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||
| For the Quarter Ended: | ||||||||||||||||
| March 31 | $ | 62.11 | $ | 51.60 | $ | 59.03 | $ | 42.20 | ||||||||
| June 30 | 58.38 | 51.99 | 60.73 | 50.00 | ||||||||||||
| September 30 | 67.27 | 56.66 | 56.88 | 49.66 | ||||||||||||
| December 31 | 70.84 | 62.97 | 63.60 | 49.99 | ||||||||||||
Dividends
We have declaredreinstated a cash dividend on our common stock for eachin the first quarter since our common stock was first publicly-traded. The table below sets forthof 2021, following a suspension in the dividends declared per common share forsecond quarter of 2020 as we preserved capital and provided additional financial flexibility amid the periods indicated.
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 0.62 | $ | 0.57 | ||||
| Second Quarter | 0.62 | 0.57 | ||||||
| Third Quarter | 0.62 | 0.57 | ||||||
| Fourth Quarter | 0.68 | 0.62 | ||||||
Westwood Holdings Group is the sole stockholder of Westwood Management Westwood Trust and Westwood International Advisors.Trust. Westwood Trust is limited under applicable Texas law in the payment of dividends to the amount of undivided profits, which is defined as that part of equity capital equal to the balance of net profits, income, gains and losses since its formation minus subsequent distributions to stockholders and transfers to surplus or capital under share dividends or appropriate Board of Directors’ resolutions.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On July 20, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to $10$10.0 million of our outstanding common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Our Board of Directors authorized an additional $5.0 million of repurchases under the share repurchase program in July 2016, an additional $10.0 million in February 2020, and an additional $10.0 million in April 2020. The share repurchase program has no expiration date and may be discontinued at any time by the Board of Directors. In July 2016, Westwood's Board of Directors authorized an additional $5.0 million of repurchases
Between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021, under the share repurchase program. Asprogram, the Company repurchased 182,549 shares of December 31, 2017, approximately $9.4 million remained available under theour common stock at an average price of $16.38 per share, repurchase program.
including commissions, for an aggregate purchase price of $3.0 million. The following table displays information with respect to the treasury shares we purchased during the three monthsyear ended December 31, 2017:
| Period | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1) | ||||||||||||
Repurchase program(1) | — | — | — | $ | 9,366,000 | |||||||||||
Canadian Plan(2) | — | — | — | CDN | $ | 4,296,168 | ||||||||||
Employee transactions(3) | ||||||||||||||||
| October 1-31, 2017 | 1,676 | $ | 68.27 | — | — | |||||||||||
| Period | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase program(1) | $ | 7,100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 2021 | 92,491 | $ | 15.19 | 92,491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| April 2021 | 18,866 | $ | 15.63 | 18,866 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 2021 | 25,502 | $ | 19.61 | 25,502 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 2021 | 13,141 | $ | 17.78 | 13,141 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 2021 | 17,547 | $ | 17.64 | 17,547 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 2021 | 15,002 | $ | 16.44 | 15,002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 182,549 | $ | 16.38 | 182,549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) These purchases relate to the share repurchase program and were authorized in July 2012 and 2016.April 2020.
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Performance Graph
The following graph compares total stockholder returns of Westwood since December 31, 20122016 with the total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the SNLS&P U.S. BMI Asset ManagerManagement & Custody Banks Index, a composite of 42various publicly-traded asset management companies.
| Index | Period ended December 31, | Cumulative Five-Year Total Return | Index | Period ended December 31, | Cumulative Five-Year Total Return | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 156.67 | $ | 161.37 | $ | 141.19 | $ | 169.39 | $ | 195.22 | 95.22 | % | Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 115.24 | $ | 62.50 | $ | 59.75 | $ | 29.79 | $ | 39.32 | (60.68) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Russell 2000 Index | 100.00 | 138.82 | 145.62 | 139.19 | 168.85 | 193.58 | 93.58 | % | Russell 2000 Index | 100.00 | 114.65 | 102.02 | 128.06 | 153.62 | 176.39 | 76.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SNL Asset Manager Index | 100.00 | 153.67 | 162.12 | 138.26 | 146.27 | 194.23 | 94.23 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P U.S. BMI Asset Management & Custody Banks Index | S&P U.S. BMI Asset Management & Custody Banks Index | 100.00 | 129.40 | 96.50 | 121.83 | 141.18 | 208.40 | 108.40 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The total return for our stock and for each index assumes $100 invested on December 31, 20122016 in our common stock, the Russell 2000 Index, and the SNLS&P U.S. BMI Asset ManagerManagement & Custody Banks Index, including reinvestment of dividends. Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “WHG.”
The closing price of our common stock on the last trading day of the year ended December 31, 20172021 was $66.21$16.94 per share. Historical stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data, together with assets under managementAUM data presented below, should be read in conjunction with “Item 1. Business” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
| Year ended December 31, (in thousands, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||
2017(1) | 2016(2) | 2015(3) | 2014(4) | 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statements of Income Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 133,785 | $ | 123,021 | $ | 130,936 | $ | 113,241 | $ | 91,825 | |||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 64,955 | $ | 61,509 | $ | 63,562 | $ | 52,847 | $ | 47,864 | |||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits as a % of Total revenues | 48.6 | % | 50.0 | % | 48.5 | % | 46.7 | % | 52.1 | % | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 33,893 | $ | 34,010 | $ | 42,220 | $ | 42,036 | $ | 28,185 | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes as a % of Total revenues | 25.3 | % | 27.6 | % | 32.2 | % | 37.1 | % | 30.7 | % | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | $ | 27,249 | $ | 17,837 | |||||||||
| Earnings per share – basic | $ | 2.45 | $ | 2.84 | $ | 3.49 | $ | 3.63 | $ | 2.43 | |||||||||
| Earnings per share – diluted | $ | 2.38 | $ | 2.77 | $ | 3.33 | $ | 3.45 | $ | 2.32 | |||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 2.54 | $ | 2.33 | $ | 2.07 | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.64 | |||||||||
Economic Earnings(5) | $ | 38,917 | $ | 41,108 | $ | 46,496 | $ | 41,445 | $ | 30,027 | |||||||||
| Economic Earnings per common share | $ | 4.63 | $ | 5.03 | $ | 5.71 | $ | 5.24 | $ | 3.90 | |||||||||
| Year ended December 31, (in thousands, except per share and % amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021(1) | 2020(2) | 2019(3) | 2018(4) | 2017(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 73,054 | $ | 65,111 | $ | 84,079 | $ | 122,300 | $ | 133,785 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 42,532 | $ | 42,141 | $ | 50,152 | $ | 59,959 | $ | 64,955 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits as a % of total revenues | 58.2 | % | 64.7 | % | 59.6 | % | 49.0 | % | 48.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 14,003 | $ | (7,588) | $ | 9,402 | $ | 36,462 | $ | 33,893 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes as a % of total revenues | 19.2 | % | (11.7) | % | 11.2 | % | 29.8 | % | 25.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | $ | (8,947) | $ | 5,911 | $ | 26,751 | $ | 19,989 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share – basic | $ | 1.24 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | $ | 3.20 | $ | 2.45 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share – diluted | $ | 1.23 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | $ | 3.13 | $ | 2.38 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 2.95 | $ | 0.43 | $ | 2.88 | $ | 2.76 | $ | 2.54 | |||||||||||||||||||
Economic Earnings(6) | $ | 17,458 | $ | 7,284 | $ | 18,179 | $ | 43,943 | $ | 38,917 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings per common share | $ | 2.20 | $ | 0.91 | $ | 2.15 | $ | 5.14 | $ | 4.63 | |||||||||||||||||||
________________
(1)Our 2021 financial results were impacted by an $8.4 million gain on a private investment, which positively impacted both diluted and basic earnings per share by $1.06 per share, and a net change in unrealized depreciation on private investments of $1.8 million, which negatively impacted both diluted and basic earnings per share by $0.23 per share.
(2)Our 2020 financial results were impacted by a $4.2 million reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustments from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income (Loss) following the closure of Westwood International Advisors, $1.1 million in incremental Canadian withholding taxes (net of U.S. federal tax deduction) paid to repatriate more than $37.0 million from Westwood International Advisors to the U.S., and a $3.4 million goodwill impairment. These items negatively impacted both basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.52 per share, $0.14 per share and $0.43 per share, respectively.
(3)Our 2019 financial results were impacted by unrealized gains on private investments of $3.3 million, which positively impacted both diluted and basic earnings per share by $0.31 per share and a $1.9 million foreign currency transaction loss, which negatively impacted both diluted and basic earnings per share by $0.17 per share.
(4)Our 2018 financial results were impacted by a $2.8 million foreign currency transaction gain, which positively impacted both diluted and basic earnings per share by $0.26 per share.
(5)Our 2017 financial results were impacted by a $3.4 million incremental income tax expense related to tax reform, a $2.5 million legal settlement charge, net of insurance recovery and tax and a $1.6 million foreign currency transaction loss. These items negatively impacted diluted earnings per share by $0.40 per share, $0.30 per share and $0.12 per share, respectively.
(6)Economic Earnings is a non–U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”) performance measure that is provided as supplemental information. See the definition of Economic Earnings and the reconciliation to Net income in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Supplemental Financial Information.”
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets Data (in thousands): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and investments | $ | 80,230 | $ | 82,558 | $ | 100,090 | $ | 118,230 | $ | 105,573 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 139,605 | 149,152 | 178,708 | 199,183 | 192,659 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 117,906 | 130,711 | 148,287 | 161,149 | 156,396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AUM (in millions) | $ | 14,503 | $ | 13,045 | $ | 15,235 | $ | 16,606 | $ | 24,229 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets Data (in thousands): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and investments | $ | 105,573 | $ | 90,164 | $ | 95,060 | $ | 97,751 | $ | 75,418 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 192,659 | 179,678 | 181,336 | 139,874 | 116,050 | |||||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | 156,396 | 146,069 | 133,967 | 110,007 | 88,663 | |||||||||||||||
| Assets Under Management (in millions) | $ | 24,229 | $ | 21,241 | $ | 20,762 | $ | 20,168 | $ | 18,861 | ||||||||||
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with “Selected Financial Data” included in this Report, as well as our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Report.
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Report and the Annual Report to Stockholders that are not purely historical facts, including, without limitation, statements about our expected future financial position, results of operations or cash flows, as well as other statements including, without limitation, words such as “anticipate,” “forecast”, “explore,” “believe,” “plan,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “should,” "potentially," “could,” “goal,” “may,” “target,” “designed,” “on track,” “comfortable with,” “optimistic”“designed” and other similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Actual results, our financial condition, and the timing of some events could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Therefore you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others:
•the composition and market value of our assets under management;AUM;
•our ability to maintain our fee structure in light of competitive fee pressures;
•our stockholder rights agreement may make it more difficult for others to obtain control over us, even if it would be beneficial to our stockholders;
•risks associated with actions of activist stockholders;
•distributions to our common stockholders have included and may in the future include a return of capital;
•inclusion of foreign company investments in our AUM;
•regulations adversely affecting the financial services industry;
•our ability to maintain effective cyber security;
•litigation risks;
•our ability to develop and market new investment strategies successfully;
•our reputation and our relationships with current and potential customers;
•our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;
•our ability to perform operational tasks;
•our ability to select and oversee third-party vendors;
•our dependence on the operations and funds of our subsidiaries;
•our ability to maintain effective information systems;
•our ability to prevent misuse of assets and information in the possession of our employees and third-party vendors, which could damage our reputation and result in costly litigation and liability for our clients and us;
•our stock is thinly traded and may be subject to volatility;
•in addition to our stockholder rights agreement, our organizational documents contain provisions that may prevent or deter another group from paying a premium over the market price to our stockholders to acquire our stock;
•competition in the investment consulting firms;management industry;
•our ability to avoid termination of client agreements and the related investment redemptions;
•the significant concentration of our revenues in a small number of customers.customers;
•our relationships with investment consulting firms;
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•our ability to identify and execute on our strategic initiatives;
•our ability to declare and pay dividends;
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•our ability to fund future capital requirements on favorable terms;
•our ability to properly address conflicts of interest;
•our ability to maintain adequate insurance coverage; and
•our ability to maintain an effective system of internal controls.
Additional factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are discussed under the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report. The forward-looking statements are based only on currently available information and speak only as of the date of this Report. We are not obligated and do not undertake an obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or otherwise.
Overview
We manage investment assets and provide services for our clients through our subsidiaries, Westwood Management Westwood TrustCorp. and Westwood International Advisors.Advisors, L.L.C. (each of which is an SEC-registered investment advisor and referred to hereinafter together as “Westwood Management”) and Westwood Trust. Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors provideprovides investment advisory services to institutional clients,investors, a family of mutual funds called the Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, an Ireland-domiciled fund organized pursuant to the European Union’s Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (the “UCITS Fund”), individuals and clients of Westwood Trust.
Westwood Trust provides trust and custodial services and participation in common trust funds to institutions and high net worth individuals. Our revenues are generally derived from fees based on a percentage of assets under management,AUM. Westwood International Advisors provided investment advisory services to an Irish investment company authorized pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulation 2011 (as amended) (the “UCITS Fund”), which was liquidated in June 2020.
We continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, particularly its impact on global stock markets. Beginning in 2020, we have taken a number of precautionary measures designed to help minimize the risk of spreading the virus to our employees, including enabling our employees to work remotely. The investments we have made in technology over the past several years, particularly our significant investments in cloud-based systems and business continuity planning, have allowed our team to serve our clients seamlessly from their homes or our offices. While our ability to meet with clients declined at the beginning of the pandemic, subsequently we were able to restore our communications to pre-pandemic levels as our clients embraced digital interactions.
Our revenues are generally derived from fees based on a percentage of AUM, and at December 31, 2017,2021, Westwood Management Westwood International Advisors and Westwood Trust collectively managed assets valued at approximately $24.2$14.5 billion. We believe we have established a track record of delivering competitive, risk-adjusted returns for our clients.
With respect to the bulkmost of our client assets under management,AUM, we utilize a “value” investment style focused on achieving superior long-term, risk-adjusted returns by investing in companies with high levels of free cash flow, improving returns on equity and strengthening balance sheets and that are well positioned for growth but whose value is not fully recognized in the marketplace. This investment approach is designed to preserve capital during unfavorable periods and provide superior real returns over the long term. Our investment teams have significant industry experience. Our investment team members have average investment experience of seventeenover nineteen years.
We have focused on building a foundation in terms of personnel and infrastructure to support a potentially much larger business. We have also developed investment strategies that we believe will be desirable within our target institutional, private wealth management and mutual fundintermediary markets. The cost of developing new products and growing the organization as a whole has resulted in our incurring expenses that, in some cases, dohave not currently haveyet generated significant offsetting revenues. While we continue to evolve our products, we believe that the appropriate foundation and products are in place such that investors will recognize the value in these products and services, thereby generating new revenue streams for Westwood. However, there is no guarantee that this will occur.
The following items are highlightswere reported for the year ended December 31, 2017:2021:
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•We paid $22.9 million of dividends to our common stockholders.
•We repurchased 182,549 shares of our SmallCap Value, Income Opportunity and LargeCap Value strategies.
•Our financial position remains strong with liquid cash and short-term investments of $105.6$80.2 million and no debt as of December 31, 20172021.
Revenues
We derive our revenues from investment advisory fees, trust fees and other revenues. Our advisory fees are generated by Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors (prior to its closure, effective September 30, 2020), which manage client accounts under investment advisory and subadvisorysub-advisory agreements. Advisory fees are typically calculated based on a percentage of assets under managementAUM and are paid in accordance with the terms of the agreements. Advisory fees are paid quarterly in advance based on assets under managementAUM on the last day of the preceding quarter, quarterly in arrears based on assets under managementAUM on the last day of the quarter just ended or are based on a daily or monthly analysis of assets under managementAUM for the stated period. We recognize advisory fee revenues as services are rendered. A limited numberCertain of our clients have a contractual performance-based fee component in their contracts, which generates additional revenues if we outperform a specified index over a specific period of time. We record revenue for performance-based fees at the end of the measurement period. Since our advance paying clients’ billing periods coincide with the calendar quarter to which such payments relate, revenue is recognized within the quarter, and our Consolidated Financial Statements contain no deferred advisory fee revenues.
Our trust fees are generated by Westwood Trust pursuant to trust or custodial agreements. Trust fees are separately negotiated with each client and are generally based on a percentage of assets under management.AUM. Westwood Trust also provides trust services to a small number of clients on a fixed fee basis. Trust fees are primarily paidcalculated quarterly in arrears based on a daily average of assets under managementAUM for the quarter. Since billing periods for most of Westwood Trust's clients coincide with the calendar quarter, revenue is fully recognized within the quarter, and our Consolidated Financial Statements do not contain a significant amount ofno deferred revenue.advisory fee revenues.
Our other revenues generallyprimarily consist of interest and investment income. Although we generally invest most ofincome from our cash in U.S. Treasury securities, we also invest in equity and fixed income instruments and money market funds, including seed money forinvestments into new investment strategies.strategies and contract revenues.
Employee Compensation and Benefits
Employee compensation and benefits costs generally consist of salaries, incentive compensation, equity-basedstock-based compensation expense and benefits.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing costs relate to our marketing efforts, including travel and entertainment, direct marketing and advertising costs.
Westwood Mutual Funds
Westwood Mutual Fundsmutual funds expenses relate to our marketing, distribution and administration of the Westwood Funds®.
Information Technology
Information technology expenses are generallyinclude costs associated with proprietary investment research tools, maintenance and support, computing hardware, software licenses, telecommunications and other related costs.
Professional Services
Professional services expenses generally consist of costs associated with subadvisorysub-advisory fees, audit, legal and other professional services.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses generally consist of costs associated with the lease of office space, amortization, depreciation, insurance, custody expense, Board of DirectorsDirectors' fees, investor relations, licenses and fees, office supplies and other miscellaneous expenses.
Impairment expense
Impairment expense consists of long-lived asset impairments, typically goodwill or intangible assets.
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions
Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions consist of foreign currency transactions primarily related to Westwood International Advisors.
Realized Gains on Private Investments
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Realized gains on private investments includes amounts by which the net proceeds from the sale or redemption of our private investments exceeded costs.
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on Private Investments
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments includes changes in the value of our private equity investments.
Investment Income
Investment income primarily includes interest and dividend income on fixed income securities and money market funds.
Other Income
Other income primarily consists of income from the sublease of a portion of our corporate offices.
Foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign subsidiary
Foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign subsidiary includes a cumulative adjustment following the substantially completed liquidation of a foreign subsidiary, Westwood International Advisors.
Assets Under Management
AUM decreased $2.2 billion, or 14%, to $24.2$13.0 billion at December 31, 20172020 compared to $21.2$15.2 billion at December 31, 2016.2019. Quarterly average assets under management increased $2.0AUM decreased $3.4 billion, up 9%down 21%, to $23.1$12.4 billion for 20172020 compared with $21.2$15.8 billion for 2016.2019. The increasedecrease in average assets under management isAUM was primarily due principally to Institutional and Mutual Funds net outflows, partially offset by $0.5 billion of market appreciation over the last twelve months and $713 million in a long-only convertibles fund that transitioned from assets under advisement (“AUA”) to AUM during the third quarter of 2017.2020.
The following table sets forthpresents our assets under management as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:AUM (in millions, except percentages):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | Change | 2020 | Change | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Institutional(1) | $ | 7,037 | 7 | % | $ | 6,567 | (25) | % | $ | 8,739 | |||||||||||||||||||
Wealth Management(2) | 4,420 | 2 | % | 4,335 | (2) | % | 4,438 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mutual Funds(3) | 3,046 | 42 | % | 2,143 | 4 | % | 2,058 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total AUM(4) | $ | 14,503 | 11 | % | $ | 13,045 | (14) | % | $ | 15,235 | |||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, (in millions) | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
| Institutional | $ | 14,421 | $ | 11,911 | $ | 11,752 | 21 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Private Wealth | 5,566 | 5,520 | 5,393 | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||
| Mutual Funds | 4,242 | 3,810 | 3,617 | 11 | % | 5 | % | |||||||||||
Total Assets Under Management(1) | $ | 24,229 | $ | 21,241 | $ | 20,762 | 14 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||
(1)Institutional includes (i) separate accounts of corporate pension and profit sharing plans, public employee retirement funds, Taft-Hartley plans, endowments, foundations and individuals; subadvisory(ii) sub-advisory relationships where Westwood provides investment management services for funds offered by other financial institutions; (iii) pooled investment vehicles, including the UCITS Fund and collective investment trusts; and (iv) managed account relationships with brokerage firms and other registered investment advisors that offer Westwood products to their customers.
The UCITS Fund was liquidated in June 2020.(3)Mutual Funds include the Westwood Funds®, a family of mutual funds for which Westwood Management serves as advisor. These funds are available to individual investors, as well as offered as partinstitutional investors and wealth management accounts.
(4)AUM for 2021, 2020 and 2019 excludes approximately $292 million, $267 million and $283 million of assets under advisement, respectively, related to our model portfolios for which we provide consulting advice but do not have discretionary investment strategies for institutional and private wealth accounts.authority.
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Roll-Forward of Assets Under Management
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AUM (in millions) | Institutional | Wealth Management | Mutual Funds | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 6,567 | $ | 4,335 | $ | 2,143 | $ | 13,045 | |||||||||||||||
| Client flows: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inflows | 1,901 | 413 | 1,461 | 3,775 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows | (1,062) | (896) | (996) | (2,954) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net client flows | 839 | (483) | 465 | 821 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Global Convertibles transition | (1,593) | — | — | (1,593) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market appreciation | 1,224 | 568 | 438 | 2,230 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | 470 | 85 | 903 | 1,458 | |||||||||||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 7,037 | $ | 4,420 | $ | 3,046 | $ | 14,503 | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets Under Management (in millions) | Institutional | Private Wealth | Mutual Funds | Total | ||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 11,911 | $ | 5,520 | $ | 3,810 | $ | 21,241 | ||||||||
| Client flows: | ||||||||||||||||
Inflows/new accounts(1) | 2,966 | 786 | 986 | 4,738 | ||||||||||||
Outflows/closed accounts(2) | (2,714 | ) | (1,357 | ) | (1,065 | ) | (5,136 | ) | ||||||||
| Net inflows (outflows) | 252 | (571 | ) | (79 | ) | (398 | ) | |||||||||
| Market appreciation | 2,258 | 617 | 511 | 3,386 | ||||||||||||
| Net change | 2,510 | 46 | 432 | 2,988 | ||||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 14,421 | $ | 5,566 | $ | 4,242 | $ | 24,229 | ||||||||
The increase in assets under managementAUM for the year ended December 31, 20172021 was due to market appreciation of $3.4$2.2 billion and net inflows of $0.8 billion, partially offset by net outflowsa transition of $398 million, which included approximately $713 million of inflows in our Strategic Global Convertibles strategy that transitioned from AUA to AUM in the third quarter of 2017. Flowsteam.
Net inflows were primarily related to net outflows in our SmidCap strategies and LargeCap Value strategy, partially offset by net inflows in our SmallCap Value and Market Neutral Income strategies.
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets Under Management (in millions) | Institutional | Private Wealth | Mutual Funds | Total | ||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 11,752 | $ | 5,393 | $ | 3,617 | $ | 20,762 | ||||||||
| Client flows: | ||||||||||||||||
| Inflows/new accounts | 1,694 | 623 | 939 | 3,256 | ||||||||||||
Outflows/closed accounts(1) | (2,877 | ) | (826 | ) | (1,088 | ) | (4,791 | ) | ||||||||
| Net outflows | (1,183 | ) | (203 | ) | (149 | ) | (1,535 | ) | ||||||||
| Market appreciation | 1,342 | 330 | 342 | 2,014 | ||||||||||||
| Net change | 159 | 127 | 193 | 479 | ||||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 11,911 | $ | 5,520 | $ | 3,810 | $ | 21,241 | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
| Assets Under Management (in millions) | Institutional | Private Wealth | Mutual Funds | Total | ||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 12,471 | $ | 3,974 | $ | 3,723 | $ | 20,168 | ||||||||
| Client flows: | ||||||||||||||||
Inflows/new accounts(1) | 2,456 | 806 | 1,541 | 4,803 | ||||||||||||
| Outflows/closed accounts | (2,305 | ) | (815 | ) | (1,509 | ) | (4,629 | ) | ||||||||
| Net inflows (outflows) | 151 | (9 | ) | 32 | 174 | |||||||||||
| Acquisition related | — | 1,583 | — | 1,583 | ||||||||||||
| Market depreciation | (870 | ) | (155 | ) | (138 | ) | (1,163 | ) | ||||||||
| Net change | (719 | ) | 1,419 | (106 | ) | 594 | ||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 11,752 | $ | 5,393 | $ | 3,617 | $ | 20,762 | ||||||||
In the fourth quarter of 2020, we made the decision to exit the stand-alone convertibles business and our Global Convertibles team transitioned back to Aviva Investors, the firm from which they previously joined Westwood. As a result, $1.6 billion in two sub-advised Global Convertibles mandates returned to Aviva as of April 1, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AUM (in millions) | Institutional | Wealth Management | Mutual Funds | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 8,739 | $ | 4,438 | $ | 2,058 | $ | 15,235 | |||||||||||||||
| Client flows: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inflows | 937 | 335 | 967 | 2,239 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows | (3,178) | (766) | (1,024) | (4,968) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net client flows | (2,241) | (431) | (57) | (2,729) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market appreciation | 69 | 328 | 142 | 539 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | (2,172) | (103) | 85 | (2,190) | |||||||||||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 6,567 | $ | 4,335 | $ | 2,143 | $ | 13,045 | |||||||||||||||
The decrease in AUM for the year ended December 31, 2020 was due to net outflows of $2.7 billion, partially offset by market appreciation of $0.5 billion. Net client flows were primarily related to our Emerging Markets, SMidCap and LargeCap Value and Short Duration High Yield strategies.
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AUM (in millions) | Institutional | Wealth Management | Mutual Funds | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of period assets | $ | 9,327 | $ | 4,043 | $ | 3,236 | $ | 16,606 | |||||||||||||||
| Client flows: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inflows | 725 | 395 | 544 | 1,664 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Outflows | (3,106) | (699) | (2,259) | (6,064) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net client flows | (2,381) | (304) | (1,715) | (4,400) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market appreciation | 1,793 | 699 | 537 | 3,029 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change | (588) | 395 | (1,178) | (1,371) | |||||||||||||||||||
| End of period assets | $ | 8,739 | $ | 4,438 | $ | 2,058 | $ | 15,235 | |||||||||||||||
The decrease in AUM for the year ended December 31, 2019 was due to net outflows of $4.4 billion, partially offset by market appreciation of $3.0 billion. Net client flows were primarily related to our Income Opportunity, Emerging Markets, and LargeCap Value strategies.
Results of Operations
The following table and discussion of our results of operations is based upon data derived from our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) contained in our Consolidated Financial Statements and should be read in
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conjunction with these statements which are included elsewhere in this Report.
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | Change | 2020 | Change | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory fees: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-based | $ | 45,927 | 21 | % | $ | 38,028 | (33) | % | $ | 57,033 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Performance-based | 3,335 | 19 | 2,808 | 268 | 764 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust fees | 24,030 | 2 | 23,563 | (8) | 25,483 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust performance-based fees | 101 | (72) | 366 | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues, net | (339) | (198) | 346 | (57) | 799 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 73,054 | 12 | 65,111 | (23) | 84,079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | 42,532 | 1 | 42,141 | (16) | 50,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,280 | 7 | 1,194 | (42) | 2,068 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westwood mutual funds | 2,657 | 58 | 1,681 | (46) | 3,097 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | 8,161 | 1 | 8,111 | (4) | 8,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 4,391 | 3 | 4,271 | (1) | 4,322 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 8,074 | (10) | 8,941 | (6) | 9,516 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment expense | — | NM | 3,403 | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions | — | NM | (1,184) | NM | 1,854 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 67,095 | (2) | 68,558 | (14) | 79,435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income (loss) | 5,959 | (273) | (3,447) | (174) | 4,644 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains on private investments | 8,371 | NM | — | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments | (1,797) | 153 | (711) | (122) | 3,296 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 868 | 44 | 604 | (54) | 1,318 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 602 | 346 | 135 | (6) | 144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign subsidiary | — | NM | (4,169) | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 14,003 | (285) | % | $ | (7,588) | (181) | % | $ | 9,402 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 4,240 | 212 | 1,359 | (61) | 3,491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | (209) | % | $ | (8,947) | (251) | % | $ | 5,911 | |||||||||||||||||||
| NM - Not meaningful | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years ended December 31, (in thousands) | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory fees: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-based | $ | 99,201 | $ | 91,492 | $ | 99,275 | 8 | % | (8 | )% | ||||||||
| Performance-based | 1,411 | 635 | 2,698 | 122 | (76 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Trust fees | 31,621 | 30,313 | 28,795 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Other revenues, net | 1,552 | 581 | 168 | 167 | 246 | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 133,785 | 123,021 | 130,936 | 9 | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | 64,955 | 61,509 | 63,562 | 6 | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 2,042 | 1,919 | 1,839 | 6 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Westwood mutual funds | 3,938 | 3,155 | 3,435 | 25 | (8 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Information technology | 7,785 | 7,735 | 5,732 | 1 | 35 | |||||||||||||
| Professional services | 5,916 | 5,622 | 5,617 | 5 | — | |||||||||||||
| Legal settlement | 4,009 | — | — | 100 | — | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 11,247 | 9,071 | 8,531 | 24 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 99,892 | 89,011 | 88,716 | 12 | — | |||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 33,893 | 34,010 | 42,220 | — | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 13,904 | 11,363 | 15,115 | 22 | (25 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | (12 | )% | (16 | )% | ||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 20172021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20162020
Total Revenues. Total revenues increased $10.8$7.9 million, or 9%12%, to $133.8$73.1 million compared with $65.1 million for 2017 compared with $123.0 million for 2016.2020. The increase was attributable to a $7.7$7.9 million increase in asset-based advisory fees and a $1.3$0.5 million increase in Trust fees, and a $0.8 million increase in performance based fees. Advisory-based and Trust fees increased as a result of higher average assets under management in 2017 compared to 2016.
Westwood Mutual Funds. Westwood mutual funds expenses increased 25%58% to $3.9$2.7 million compared to $1.7 million for 2017 compared to $3.2 million for 2016. The increase was2020 primarily due to increased overall shareholder servicingone-time costs on higher mutual funds average assets under management and increased commission fees related to the additionreorganization of our mutual funds and a third-party seller at the end of 2016.change in mutual fund administrator.
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General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased 9.7% to $8.1 million compared to $8.9 million in 2020 primarily due to lower rent expense following recent office space reductions.
Realized gains on private investments. We recorded a realized gain of approximately $8.3 million in connection with InvestCloud's recapitalization in the first quarter of 2021.
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments. We recorded a $2.8 million net $4.0change in unrealized depreciation to reflect the recognition of previously recorded unrealized gains in connection with InvestCloud's recapitalization in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by $0.9 million chargeof fair value increases from market transactions related to our investment in Charis.
Provision for Income Taxes. The effective tax rate was 30.3% for 2021 compared to (17.9)% for 2020. Our income tax rate differed from the 21% statutory tax rate due to permanent differences between book and tax restricted stock expense based on a decrease in our stock price between the restricted stock grant and vesting date, along with the impact of state and local taxes.
Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019
Total Revenues. Total revenues decreased $19.0 million, or 23%, to $65.1 million compared with $84.1 million for 2019. The decrease was attributable to a $19.0 million decrease in asset-based advisory fees and a $1.9 million decrease in Trust fees, reflecting lower average AUM compared to 2019, partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in performance-based advisory fees.
Employee Compensation and Benefits. Employee compensation and benefit costs decreased $8.0 million, or 16.0%, to $42.1 million compared with $50.2 million in 2019 primarily due to reductions in short- and long-term incentive compensation as a result of lower asset-based revenues versus the prior year, and lower headcount.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 42%, to $1.2 million compared with $2.1 million for 2019 primarily due to lower travel costs as a result of COVID-19.
Westwood Mutual Funds. Westwood mutual funds expenses decreased 46% to $1.7 million compared to $3.1 million for 2019 primarily due to lower service fees following declines in market values for the Westwood funds.
Impairment Expense. Following a sustained decline in our market capitalization, we recorded impairment charges of $3.4 million in 2020 based on our determination that the entire goodwill in our Advisory segment was impaired.
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions. We recorded $1.2 million foreign currency transaction gains in 2020 as a result of fluctuations in the Canadian dollar exchange rate.
Unrealized gains (losses) on private investments. We recorded $0.7 million of unrealized losses on private investments in 2020 primarily related to a legal settlement, net of associated insurance coverage, during the third quarter of 2017. See further discussion of the settlement$0.5 million market value decrease in our investment in Charis. Further information is included in Note 13 “Commitments and Contingencies”5 "Investments" to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.Data" accompanying this Report.
Provision for Income Taxes. The effective tax rate increased to 41.0%was (17.9)% for 20172020 compared to 33.4%37.1% for 2016. The increase is 2019. Our income tax rate differed from the 21% statutory rate for 2020, which would have generated a tax benefit to the Company, primarily due to the Canadian withholding tax on repatriation of funds from Westwood International Advisors, permanent differences between book and tax restricted stock expense based on a decrease in our stock price between the grant and vesting dates, and permanent differences related to the Tax Reform Act signed into law in December 2017. We recorded $3.4 million incremental income tax expense related to the mandatory deemed repatriation of earnings in our Canadian subsidiaryforeign currency losses and the revaluation of our deferred tax assets as a result of the decrease in the federal tax rate.
Supplemental Financial Information
As supplemental information, we provide a non-U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”)are providing non-GAAP performance measuremeasures that we refer to as Economic Earnings.Earnings and Economic EPS. We provide this measurethese measures in addition to, but not as a substitute for, net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share, which are reported on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”("GAAP") basis. Our management and Board of Directors review Economic Earnings and Economic EPS to evaluate our ongoing performance, allocate resources, and review our dividend policy. We believe that thisthese non-GAAP performance measure,measures, while not a substitutesubstitutes for GAAP net income is(loss) or earnings (loss)per share, are useful for management and investors when evaluating our underlying operating and financial performance and our available resources. We do not advocate that investors consider thisthese non-GAAP measuremeasures without also considering financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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We define Economic Earnings we add back toas net income the(loss) plus non-cash stock-based compensation expense, associated with equity-based compensation awards of restricted stock,impairment expense, amortization of intangible assets, currency translation adjustment reclassification and deferred taxes related to the tax-basis amortization of goodwill. Although depreciation on property and equipmentfixed assets is a non-cash expense, we do not add it back when calculating Economic Earnings because depreciation charges represent aan allocation of the decline in the value of the related assets that will ultimately require replacement. In addition, we do not adjust Economic Earnings for tax deductions related to restricted stock expense or amortization of intangible assets. Economic EPS represents Economic Earnings divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding.
For the year ended December 31, 2017,2021, our Economic Earnings decreasedincreased by 5%140% to $38.9$17.5 million compared with $41.1$7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily2020. 2021 was impacted by higher revenues due to the decreasean increase in net income related to the $2.5 million legal settlement charge, net of insurance recoveryquarterly average AUM and taxes, and $3.4 million incremental income tax expense related to tax reform.realized gains on private investments, partially offset by unrealized depreciation on private investments.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Economic Earnings:
| For the years ended December 31, (in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | Change | 2020 | Change | 2019 | Change | 2018 | Change | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | 9,763 | (209) | % | $ | (8,947) | (251) | % | $ | 5,911 | (78) | % | $ | 26,751 | 34 | % | $ | 19,989 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Stock-based compensation expense | 5,834 | (13) | 6,701 | (35) | 10,305 | (33) | 15,283 | (7) | 16,430 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Impairment expense | — | NM | 3,403 | NM | — | NM | — | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Intangible amortization | 1,624 | (6) | 1,721 | — | 1,726 | 3 | 1,672 | (11) | 1,872 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Currency translation adjustment reclassification | — | NM | 4,169 | NM | — | NM | — | NM | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax benefit from goodwill amortization | 237 | — | 237 | — | 237 | — | 237 | (62) | 626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings | $ | 17,458 | 140 | % | $ | 7,284 | (60) | % | $ | 18,179 | (59) | % | $ | 43,943 | 13 | % | $ | 38,917 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings per Share | $ | 2.20 | 142 | % | $ | 0.91 | (58) | % | $ | 2.15 | (58) | % | $ | 5.14 | 11 | % | $ | 4.63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table provides Economic Earnings for the years presented:by segment:
| For the years ended December 31, (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | Change | 2020 | Change | 2019 | Change | 2018 | Change | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings by Segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory | $ | 20,259 | 133 | % | $ | 8,713 | (55) | % | $ | 19,186 | (60) | % | $ | 47,574 | 11 | % | $ | 42,887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust | 8,018 | 41 | 5,668 | (24) | 7,487 | 31 | 5,737 | (11) | 6,464 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Westwood Holdings | (10,819) | 52 | (7,097) | (16) | (8,494) | (9) | (9,368) | (10) | (10,434) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 17,458 | 140 | % | $ | 7,284 | (60) | % | $ | 18,179 | (59) | % | $ | 43,943 | 13 | % | $ | 38,917 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the years ended December 31, (in thousands, except share data) | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | 2015 vs. 2014 | 2014 vs. 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | $ | 27,249 | $ | 17,837 | (12 | )% | (16 | )% | (1 | )% | 53 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Add: Restricted stock expense | 16,430 | 15,954 | 17,574 | 13,685 | 11,679 | 3 | (9 | ) | 28 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Intangible amortization | 1,872 | 1,960 | 1,546 | 359 | 359 | (4 | ) | 27 | 331 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Add: Tax benefit from goodwill amortization | 626 | 547 | 271 | 152 | 152 | 14 | 102 | 78 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings | $ | 38,917 | $ | 41,108 | $ | 46,496 | $ | 41,445 | $ | 30,027 | (5 | )% | (12 | )% | 12 | % | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings per Share | $ | 4.63 | $ | 5.03 | $ | 5.71 | $ | 5.24 | $ | 3.90 | (8 | )% | (12 | )% | 9 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 15,206 | $ | 13,016 | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 11,152 | 9,450 | ||||||||||||
| Total liquid assets | $ | 26,358 | $ | 22,466 | ||||||||||
| Investments, at fair value | $ | 65,024 | $ | 69,542 | ||||||||||
We fund our operations and cash requirements with cash generated from operating activities. We may also use cash from operations to pay dividends to our stockholders. We reinstated a dividend in the first quarter of 2021, following a suspension in the second quarter of 2020 as we preserved capital and provided additional financial flexibility amid the uncertainties created
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| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data (in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 54,249 | $ | 33,679 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 21,660 | 23,429 | ||||||
| Total liquid assets | 75,909 | 57,108 | ||||||
| Investments | $ | 51,324 | $ | 56,485 | ||||
We had cash and short-term investments of $105.6$80.2 million and $90.2$82.6 million as of December 31, 20172021 and December 31, 2016,2020, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 includes approximately $33 million and $20 million, respectively, of undistributed income from Westwood International Advisors. In accordance with the one-time mandatory deemed repatriation required under tax legislation signed into law in December 2017, we have accrued a $1.8 million income tax liability related to this undistributed income. If these funds were needed for our U.S. operations, we would be required to accrue and pay incremental Canadian withholding taxes to repatriate a portion of these funds. Our current intent is to permanently reinvest the funds subject to withholding taxes outside of the U.S., and our current forecasts do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund our U.S. operations.
At December 31, 20172021 and 2016,2020, working capital aggregated $106.6$78.0 million and $86.3$84.5 million, respectively. As
Westwood Trust is required by the Texas Finance Code Westwood Trustto maintain cash and investments in an amount equal to the minimum restricted capital of $4.0 million. Restricted capital is subject to a minimum capital requirement of $4.0 million.included in Investments in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2017,2021, Westwood Trust had approximately $16.8$14.2 million in excess of its minimum capital requirement. We had no debt at December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flow Data (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows | $ | 19,385 | $ | (9,770) | $ | 32,172 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing cash flows | 9,566 | (4) | (4,848) | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing cash flows | (26,806) | (25,812) | (31,870) | |||||||||||||||||
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| Cash Flow Data (in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Operating cash flows | $ | 48,009 | $ | 47,392 | $ | 55,208 | ||||||
| Investing cash flows | (1,167 | ) | (1,810 | ) | (25,084 | ) | ||||||
| Financing cash flows | (28,577 | ) | (34,944 | ) | (22,139 | ) | ||||||
Historically we have funded our operations and cash requirements with cash generated from operating activities. We may also use cash from operations to pay dividends to our stockholders. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had no debt. The changes in net cash provided by operating activities generally reflect the changes in earnings plus the effects of non-cash items and changes in working capital. Changes in working capital, especially accounts receivable and accounts payable, generally result from timing differences between collection of fees billed and payment of operating expenses.
During 2017,2021, cash flow provided by operating activities principally our Advisory segment, aggregated $48.0was $19.4 million, compared to cash used in operating activities of $9.8 million during 2020, and cash flow provided by operationsoperating activities of $47.4$32.2 million during 20162019. The increase of $29.2 million from 2020 to 2021 primarily reflected net sales of investments and $55.2 million during 2015.net income in 2021. The decrease of $7.8$41.9 million from 20152019 to 20162020 was primarily due to changesnet purchases of investments, unrealized investment losses and a net loss in operating assets2020.
Cash flow provided by investing activities in 2021 was related to realized gains on private investments and liabilitiesthe sale of property and net income, partially offset by cash transferred fromequipment following the sublease of a portion of our investment accounts.
Dallas, Texas corporate office space. Cash flow used in investing activities was insignificant in 2020. Cash flow used in investing activities during 2017 and 2016 of $1.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively,2019 was primarily related to purchases of property and equipment. Cash flow usedour investment in investing activities during 2015 of $25.1 million was due to the acquisition of Woodway.Charis.
Cash used in financing activities of $28.6was $26.8 million during 2017,in 2021 compared to $34.9$25.8 million and $22.1$31.9 million during 2016in 2020 and 2015,2019, respectively. The decreasechange from 2020 to 2021 primarily related to higher dividends following the 2016 paymentreinstatement of contingent consideration related to the acquisition of our Westwood Trust Houston officedividends in 2021 and repurchases of common stock under our share repurchase plan. The change from 2019 to 2020 related to repurchases of common stock under our share repurchase plan during fiscal 2016.and lower dividends, following suspension of our dividend in the second quarter of 2020.
Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including our results of operations, the timing and magnitude of capital expenditures or strategic initiatives, our dividend policy and other business and risk factors described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Report. We believe that current cash and short-term investment balances andplus cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet both the operating and capital requirements of our ordinary business operations through at least the next twelve months. Howevermonths, however there can be no assurance that we will not require additional financing within this time frame. The failureFailure to raise needed capital on attractive terms, if at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Cash Dividends
The following table summarizes dividends declared during 20172021 and 2016:2020:
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2021 Dividends
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Paid Date | Dividend Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| February 10, 2021 | March 2, 2021 | April 1, 2021 | $0.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| April 8, 2021 | June 4, 2021 | July 1, 2021 | $0.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| July 27, 2021 | August 6, 2021 | August 20, 2021 | $2.50 | |||||||||||||||||
| July 27, 2021 | September 3, 2021 | October 1, 2021 | $0.10 | |||||||||||||||||
| October 27, 2021 | December 3, 2021 | January 3, 2022 | $0.15 | |||||||||||||||||
| $2.95 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2020 Dividends
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Paid Date | Dividend Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| February 5, 2020 | March 6, 2020 | April 1, 2020 | $0.43 | |||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 20172021 (in thousands).
| Payments due in: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 4-5 years | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations(1) | $ | 9,974 | $ | 4,466 | $ | 4,732 | $ | 776 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Payments due in: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 4-5 years | After 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations(1) | $ | 7,540 | $ | 3,650 | $ | 3,170 | $ | 360 | $ | 360 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | $ | 14,202 | $ | 2,309 | $ | 3,910 | $ | 3,450 | $ | 4,533 | ||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United StatesGAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent losses and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In applying accounting principles, we often must make individual estimates and assumptions regarding expected outcomes or uncertainties. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experience. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe the following are areas where the degree of judgment and complexity in determining amounts recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements make accounting policies critical.
Consolidation
We assess each legal entity that we manage to determine whether consolidation is appropriate at the onset of the
relationship. We first determine whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), or a voting interest entity (“VOE”),
under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)GAAP and whether we have a controlling financial interest in the
entity. Assessing whether or not an entity is a VOE or VIE and if it requires consolidation involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include, but are not limited to, the legal organization of the entity, our equity ownership and contractual involvement with the entity and any related party or de facto agent implications of our involvement with the entity. We reconsider whether entities are a VIE or VOE whenever contractual arrangements change, the entity receives additional equity or returns equity to its investors or changes in facts and circumstances occur that change the investors' abilities to direct the activities of the entity.
A VIE is an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support, (ii) the at-risk equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or (iii) the entity is structured with disproportionate voting rights, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. That is, the at-risk equity holders do not have the obligation to absorb significant losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to direct the activities of
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the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance.performance. An enterprise must consolidate all VIEs of which it is the primary beneficiary. We determine if a sponsored investment meets the definition of a VIE by considering whether the fund’s equity investment at risk is sufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support and whether the fund’s at-risk equity holders absorb any losses, have the right to receive residual returns and have the right to direct the activities of the entity most responsible for the entity’s economic performance. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the party who,that, considering the involvement of related parties and de facto agents, has (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. This evaluation is updated continuously.on a continuing basis.
A VOE is an entity that is outside the scope of the guidance for VIEs. Consolidation of a VOE is required when a reporting entity owns a controlling financial interest in a VOE. Ownership of a majority of the voting interests is the usual condition for a controlling financial interest.
Based on our analysis,analyses, we determined that the LLCsCTFs and CTFsPrivate Funds were VIEs, as the at-risk equity holders do not have the ability to direct the activities that
most significantly impact the entity’sentities' economic performance, and the Company and its representatives have a majority control
of the entity's Boardentities' respective boards of Directorsdirectors and can influence the entity'srespective entities' management and affairs. Although we have related parties
Based on
our analyses, we determined the UCITS Fund is not a VIE. AsWestwood Funds® and Private Equity (i) have sufficient equity at risk to finance the Companyentities' activities independently, (ii) have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and its representatives do not have representation on the
entities' economic performance we determined that the Westwood Funds® wereand (iii) are not VIEs. Therefore, the UCITS Fundstructured with disproportionate voting rights and the
Based on our analysisanalyses of our seed investments in these entities for the year endedperiods ending December 31, 2016,2021 and 2020, we have not consolidated the LLCsCTFs or CTFsPrivate Funds under the VIE method or the UCITS FundWestwood Funds® or the Westwood Funds®Private Equity under the VOE method, and therefore the financial results of these entities are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial results.
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, at least annually.annually for impairment. We assess the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill either qualitatively or quantitatively as of July 1 of each fiscal year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. We test more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. These indicators include declines in revenues, earnings or cash flows, or the development of a material adverse change in the business climate.
Following a sustained decline in the Company's market capitalization, we determined that the entire goodwill related to our Advisory segment was impaired, and accordingly we recorded charges of $3.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 to "Impairment expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). There was no goodwill is measured atimpairment in the Advisory segment during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2019.
The fair value of the Trust reporting unit level. We have identified two reporting units, which are consistent with our reporting segments. In performing a quantitative analysis, we measure the recoverability of goodwill for our reporting unitsis estimated using a combination of the incomemarket multiple approach and market multiplean income approach. The income approach is based on the long-term projected future cash flows of the reporting units. We discount the estimated cash flows to present value using a weighted average cost of capital that considers factors such as market assumptions, the timing of cash flows and the risks inherent in those cash flows. The key assumptions used in the market multiple valuation require significant management judgment, including the determination of our peer group and the valuation multiples of such peer group.
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carrying amount exceeds the carryingreporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill assignedallocated to thethat reporting unit, there is no impairment. Ifunit.
We determined the carrying amount of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill,reporting units using a weighted average approach of the market and income approaches. As part of the 2020 Advisory reporting unit assessment, we determined that an impairment loss is recordedincrease in the discount rate (from the prior assessment) applied in the valuation was required to write down the carrying amount.
There was no goodwill impairment to remove the amount that exceeded fair value.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We operate in several states and countries and are required to allocate our income, expenses and earnings under the various laws and regulations of these tax jurisdictions. Accordingly, our provision for income taxes reflects the statutory tax obligations of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment and complex calculations are used when determining our tax liability and in evaluating our tax positions, and we are subject to audits by taxing authorities in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We adjust our income tax provision in the period in which we determine that actual outcomes will likely be different from our estimates. Changes in tax laws may result in changes to our tax position and effective tax rates. We include penalties and interest on income-based taxes in the “General and administrative” line on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) was signed into law. Further information on the tax impacts of the Tax Reform Act is included in Note 7 "Income Taxes."
We are required to assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on consideration of all available evidence, using a more-likely-than-not standard. As of December 31, 20172021 and 2016,2020, we have not recorded a valuation allowance on any deferred tax assets. In the event that sufficient taxable income does not result in future years, a valuation allowance may be required.
We account for uncertain tax positions by recognizing the impact of a tax position in our Consolidated Financial Statements when we believe it is more likely than not that the tax position would not be sustained upon examination by the appropriate tax authority based on the merits of the position. We periodically review our tax positions and adjust the balances as new information becomes available. In making these assessments, we often must analyze complex tax laws of multiple domestic and international jurisdictions. The actual outcome of our tax positions, if significantly different from our estimates, could materially impact the financial statements. At December 31, 2016, we had anFurther information on uncertain tax liability of $2.5 million. During 2017, we decreased our uncertain tax liability to $160,000. These amounts arepositions is included in "Income taxes payable" onNote 8 “Income Taxes” to our Consolidated Balance Sheets.Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Accounting Developments
See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for a description of new accounting standards and their anticipated effects on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Our revenues are primarily generated from fees derived as a percentage of our AUM, which is subject to market risks. Additionally, we invest corporate capital in various financial instruments, including United StatesU. S. treasury bills and equity funds, all of which present inherent market risks. We do not currently participate in any hedging activities, nor do we currently utilize any derivative financial instruments. The following information describes the key aspects of certain financial instruments that involve market risks.
Securities Markets and Interest Rates
The value of assets under managementAUM is affected by fluctuations in securities markets and changes in interest rates. Since we derive a substantial portion of our revenues from investment advisory and trust fees based on the value of assets under management,AUM, our revenues may be adversely affected by a decline in the prices of securities or changing interest rates. A hypothetical 10% decrease in our average assets under managementAUM during the year ended December 31, 20172021 would have reduced our reported consolidated total revenue by approximately $13$7 million.
Our cash equivalents and other investment instruments are exposed to financial market risk due to fluctuations in interest rates, which may affect interest income. We do not expect interest income to be significantly affected by sudden changes in market interest rates.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The independent registered public accounting firm's report and our Consolidated Financial Statements listed in the accompanying index are included in Item 15 of this Report. See “Index to Financial Statements” on page F-1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements |
Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
34
None.
35
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 20172021 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act was (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017,2021, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
36
REPORT OF WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC.’S MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.:
The management of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. (“Westwood”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)). Westwood’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, contain inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The management of Westwood assessed the effectiveness of Westwood’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.2021. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2017,2021, Westwood’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
| By: | /s/ Brian O. Casey | |||||||
| Brian O. Casey, President & Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
| /s/ | ||||||||
Dallas, Texas
37
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item is, or will be, set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to the 20182022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., which is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (the “Proxy Statement”). The Proxy Statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors, and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Report by this item are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item is, or will be, set forth in the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors, and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Report by this item are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table gives information as of December 31, 20172021 about shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under our FourthEighth Amended and Restated Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan and the Share Award Plan of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. for Service Provided in Canada to its Subsidiaries, which are our only equity compensation plans in effect at that time. The material terms of these plans were approved by our stockholders and are discussed in Note 9 "Employee Benefits"7 “Employee Benefits” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.Part II. Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | — | $ | — | 776,000 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes 454,000 776,000 shares are available under our FourthEighth Amended and Restated Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan and approximately 52,000 shares available under thePlan. Our Share Award Plan of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. for Service Provided in Canada to its Subsidiaries.Subsidiaries was effectively terminated following the closure of Westwood International Advisors.
The other information required by this item is, or will be, set forth in the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors, and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Report by this item are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item is, or will be, set forth in the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors, and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Report by this item are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by this item is, or will be, set forth in the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors, and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Report by this item are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
Financial Statement Schedules
The financial statements included in this Report are listed in the Index to Financial Statements on page F-11 of this Report. Schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are either not required under the related instructions or are not applicable.
Exhibits
The exhibits required to be furnished pursuant to Item 15 are listed in the Index to Exhibits filed herewith, which Index to Exhibits is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Brian O. Casey | |||||||
Brian O. Casey | ||||||||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||||||
Dated: February 22, 2018March 4, 2022
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the undersigned directors and officers of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. hereby constitutes and appoints Brian O. Casey its, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for it, him or her and in its, his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, with full power to act alone, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and to file each such amendment to the Report, with all exhibits thereto, and any and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform any and all acts and things requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents and purposes as it, he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signatures | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Brian O. Casey | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | |||||||
| Brian O. Casey | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||
| /s/ | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | |||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||
| /s/ Richard M. Frank | Chairman of the Board of Directors | |||||||
| Richard M. Frank | ||||||||
| /s/ Susan M. Byrne | Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors | |||||||
| Susan M. Byrne | ||||||||
| /s/ Ellen H. Masterson | Director | |||||||
| Ellen H. Masterson | ||||||||
| /s/ Geoffrey R. Norman | Director | |||||||
| Geoffrey R. Norman | ||||||||
| /s/ Raymond E. Wooldridge | Director | |||||||
Raymond E. Wooldridge | ||||||||
| /s/ Randy A. Bowman | Director | |||||||
| Randy A. Bowman | ||||||||
40
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | |||||||||||
| PCAOB ID: | 34 | ||||||||||
1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Westwood Holdings Group, Inc.Inc and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 20172021 and 2016,2020, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income stockholders’(loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”"financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20172021 and 2016,2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017,2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOBPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Goodwill — Trust Reporting Unit — Refer to Notes 2 and 10 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill at least annually at the reporting unit level. The Company has identified two reporting units, which are consistent with its reporting segments: Advisory and Trust. The Goodwill balance of $16.4 million as of December 31, 2021 relates solely to the Trust reporting unit. The fair value of the Trust reporting unit is estimated using a market multiple approach and an income approach. The income approach is based on the long-term projected future cash flows of the Trust reporting unit. These cash flows are determined based on revenue and expense projections over each of the next five years and a terminal revenue growth rate thereafter. The Company discounts the estimated cash flows to present value using a weighted average cost of capital (the “discount rate”). An impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the Trust reporting unit’s fair value. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment assessment for 2021 resulted in no goodwill impairment for the Trust reporting unit.
We identified goodwill for the Trust reporting unit as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of the Trust reporting unit using the income approach. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to the selection of the discount rate.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
2
Our audit procedures related to the discount rate used by management to estimate the fair value of the Trust reporting unit included the following, among others:
•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology and (2) discount rate by:
◦Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate.
◦Testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.
◦Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management.
| /s/ | Deloitte & Touche LLP | ||||
| Dallas, Texas | |||||
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.
3
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par values and share amounts)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 15,206 | $ | 13,016 | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 11,152 | 9,450 | ||||||||||||
| Investments, at fair value | 65,024 | 69,542 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes receivable | 233 | 1,700 | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 2,246 | 2,606 | ||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 93,861 | 96,314 | ||||||||||||
| Investments | 4,455 | 8,154 | ||||||||||||
| Noncurrent investments at fair value | 4,513 | 3,527 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 16,401 | 16,401 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 848 | 1,468 | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 4,868 | 6,103 | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 11,911 | 13,535 | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,637 and $8,056 | 2,114 | 3,186 | ||||||||||||
| Other long-term assets | 634 | 464 | ||||||||||||
| Total long-term assets | 45,744 | 52,838 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 139,605 | $ | 149,152 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 2,637 | $ | 1,627 | ||||||||||
| Dividends payable | 1,800 | 810 | ||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 9,530 | 7,448 | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 1,409 | 1,718 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 466 | 191 | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 15,842 | 11,794 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued dividends | 1,133 | 526 | ||||||||||||
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 4,724 | 6,121 | ||||||||||||
| Total long-term liabilities | 5,857 | 6,647 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 21,699 | 18,441 | ||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 25,000,000 shares, issued 10,658,644 and outstanding 8,253,491 shares at December 31, 2021; issued 10,500,549 and outstanding 8,326,948 shares at December 31, 2020 | 107 | 105 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 195,187 | 210,268 | ||||||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost – 2,405,154 shares at December 31, 2021; 2,173,559 shares at December 31, 2020 | (81,750) | (77,967) | ||||||||||||
| Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | 4,362 | (1,695) | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 117,906 | 130,711 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 139,605 | $ | 149,152 | ||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 54,249 | $ | 33,679 | ||||
| Accounts receivable | 21,660 | 23,429 | ||||||
| Investments, at fair value | 51,324 | 56,485 | ||||||
| Prepaid income taxes | 4,269 | — | ||||||
| Other current assets | 6,612 | 2,364 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 138,114 | 115,957 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 27,144 | 27,144 | ||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 3,407 | 10,903 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 19,804 | 21,394 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $5,673 and $4,590 | 4,190 | 4,280 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 192,659 | $ | 179,678 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 3,501 | $ | 2,641 | ||||
| Dividends payable | 7,357 | 6,679 | ||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 19,075 | 17,200 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 1,598 | 3,148 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 31,531 | 29,668 | ||||||
| Accrued dividends | 1,717 | 1,767 | ||||||
| Noncurrent income taxes payable | 1,017 | — | ||||||
| Deferred rent | 1,998 | 2,174 | ||||||
| Total long-term liabilities | 4,732 | 3,941 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 36,263 | 33,609 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 25,000,000 shares, issued 9,980,827 and outstanding 8,899,587 shares at December 31, 2017; issued 9,801,938 and outstanding 8,810,375 shares at December 31, 2016 | 100 | 98 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 179,241 | 162,730 | ||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost – 1,081,240 shares at December 31, 2017; 991,563 shares at December 31, 2016 | (49,788 | ) | (44,353 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,764 | ) | (4,287 | ) | ||||
| Retained earnings | 28,607 | 31,881 | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 156,396 | 146,069 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 192,659 | $ | 179,678 | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except shares and per share data)
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory fees: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-based | $ | 45,927 | $ | 38,028 | $ | 57,033 | ||||||||||||||
| Performance-based | 3,335 | 2,808 | 764 | |||||||||||||||||
| Trust fees | 24,030 | 23,563 | 25,483 | |||||||||||||||||
| Trust performance-based | 101 | 366 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | (339) | 346 | 799 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 73,054 | 65,111 | 84,079 | |||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | 42,532 | 42,141 | 50,152 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,280 | 1,194 | 2,068 | |||||||||||||||||
| Westwood mutual funds | 2,657 | 1,681 | 3,097 | |||||||||||||||||
| Information technology | 8,161 | 8,111 | 8,426 | |||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 4,391 | 4,271 | 4,322 | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 8,074 | 8,941 | 9,516 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment expense | — | 3,403 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions | — | (1,184) | 1,854 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 67,095 | 68,558 | 79,435 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net operating income (loss) | 5,959 | (3,447) | 4,644 | |||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains on private investments | 8,371 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments | (1,797) | (711) | 3,296 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 868 | 604 | 1,318 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 602 | 135 | 144 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign subsidiary | — | (4,169) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 14,003 | (7,588) | 9,402 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 4,240 | 1,359 | 3,491 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | $ | (8,947) | $ | 5,911 | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | (1,226) | 1,940 | |||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign currency | — | 4,169 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | $ | (6,004) | $ | 7,851 | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.24 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.23 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 7,875,395 | 7,987,554 | 8,408,017 | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 7,927,972 | 7,987,554 | 8,463,239 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||
| Advisory fees: | ||||||||||||
| Asset-based | $ | 99,201 | $ | 91,492 | $ | 99,275 | ||||||
| Performance-based | 1,411 | 635 | 2,698 | |||||||||
| Trust fees | 31,621 | 30,313 | 28,795 | |||||||||
| Other revenues, net | 1,552 | 581 | 168 | |||||||||
| Total revenues | 133,785 | 123,021 | 130,936 | |||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Employee compensation and benefits | 64,955 | 61,509 | 63,562 | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 2,042 | 1,919 | 1,839 | |||||||||
| Westwood mutual funds | 3,938 | 3,155 | 3,435 | |||||||||
| Information technology | 7,785 | 7,735 | 5,732 | |||||||||
| Professional services | 5,916 | 5,622 | 5,617 | |||||||||
| Legal settlement | 4,009 | — | — | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 11,247 | 9,071 | 8,531 | |||||||||
| Total expenses | 99,892 | 89,011 | 88,716 | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 33,893 | 34,010 | 42,220 | |||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 13,904 | 11,363 | 15,115 | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | 2,523 | 401 | (3,457 | ) | ||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | 2,523 | 401 | (3,457 | ) | ||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | 22,512 | $ | 23,048 | $ | 23,648 | ||||||
| Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.45 | $ | 2.84 | $ | 3.49 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | 2.38 | $ | 2.77 | $ | 3.33 | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | 8,147,742 | 7,961,891 | 7,756,647 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 8,400,022 | 8,165,475 | 8,149,399 | |||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Common Stock, Par | Additional Paid-In Capital | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2018 | 8,904,902 | $ | 102 | $ | 194,116 | $ | (58,711) | $ | (4,883) | $ | 30,525 | $ | 161,149 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 5,911 | 5,911 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 1,940 | — | 1,940 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 123,986 | 1 | (1) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 10,305 | — | — | — | 10,305 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of compensation liability to be paid in shares | — | — | 232 | — | — | — | 232 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($2.88 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (25,469) | (25,469) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (110,606) | — | — | (3,394) | — | — | (3,394) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 24,840 | — | (1,211) | 1,211 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (62,036) | — | (2,387) | — | — | (2,387) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2019 | 8,881,086 | $ | 103 | $ | 203,441 | $ | (63,281) | $ | (2,943) | $ | 10,967 | $ | 148,287 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (8,947) | (8,947) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | — | — | — | — | (1,226) | — | (1,226) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments reclassification | — | — | — | — | 4,169 | — | 4,169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 193,968 | 2 | (2) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 6,701 | — | — | — | 6,701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of compensation liability to be paid in shares | — | — | 212 | — | — | — | 212 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($0.43 per share), net of forfeitures | — | — | — | — | — | (3,715) | (3,715) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (679,756) | — | — | (12,952) | — | — | (12,952) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock under employee stock plans | (27,474) | — | — | (697) | — | — | (697) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 2,169 | — | (84) | 83 | — | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (43,045) | — | — | (1,120) | — | — | (1,120) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2020 | 8,326,948 | $ | 105 | $ | 210,268 | $ | (77,967) | $ | — | $ | (1,695) | $ | 130,711 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 9,763 | 9,763 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 158,098 | 2 | (2) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 5,835 | — | — | — | 5,835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Return of capital ($2.50 per share) | — | — | (20,823) | — | — | — | (20,823) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($0.45 per share), net of forfeitures | — | — | — | — | — | (3,706) | (3,706) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (182,549) | — | — | (2,990) | — | — | (2,990) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 2,353 | — | (91) | 91 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (51,359) | — | — | (884) | — | — | (884) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2021 | 8,253,491 | $ | 107 | $ | 195,187 | $ | (81,750) | $ | — | $ | 4,362 | $ | 117,906 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Common Stock, Par | Additional Paid-In Capital | Treasury Stock | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, January 1, 2015 | 8,308,460 | $ | 90 | $ | 119,859 | $ | (29,028 | ) | $ | (1,231 | ) | $ | 20,317 | $ | 110,007 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 27,105 | 27,105 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | (3,457 | ) | (3,457 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for acquisition | 109,712 | 1 | 5,291 | 5,292 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 305,342 | 3 | (3 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 17,574 | 17,574 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of compensation liability to be paid in shares | 338 | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation | 1,831 | 1,831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($2.07 per share) | (17,748 | ) | (17,748 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (21,818 | ) | (1,327 | ) | (1,327 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 20,375 | (1,093 | ) | 1,093 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (91,384 | ) | (5,648 | ) | (5,648 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2015 | 8,630,687 | $ | 94 | $ | 143,797 | $ | (34,910 | ) | $ | (4,688 | ) | $ | 29,674 | $ | 133,967 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 22,647 | 22,647 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | 401 | 401 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for acquisition | 80,253 | 1 | 3,733 | 3,734 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 296,376 | 3 | (3 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 15,954 | 15,954 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of compensation liability to be paid in shares | 167 | 167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation | (256 | ) | (256 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($2.33 per share) | (20,440 | ) | (20,440 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (128,026 | ) | (6,248 | ) | (6,248 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 12,048 | (662 | ) | 662 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (80,963 | ) | (3,857 | ) | (3,857 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2016 | 8,810,375 | $ | 98 | $ | 162,730 | $ | (44,353 | ) | $ | (4,287 | ) | $ | 31,881 | $ | 146,069 | ||||||||||||
| Cumulative Adjustment for ASU 2016-09 | 711 | (711 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 19,989 | 19,989 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | 2,523 | 2,523 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures | 178,889 | 2 | (2 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 16,430 | 16,430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of compensation liability to be paid in shares | 591 | 591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared ($2.54 per share) | (22,552 | ) | (22,552 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (23,822 | ) | (1,326 | ) | (1,326 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans | 22,091 | (1,219 | ) | 1,219 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (87,946 | ) | (5,328 | ) | (5,328 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, December 31, 2017 | 8,899,587 | $ | 100 | $ | 179,241 | $ | (49,788 | ) | $ | (1,764 | ) | $ | 28,607 | $ | 156,396 | ||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 1,044 | 969 | 1,050 | |||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 1,872 | 1,960 | 1,546 | |||||||||
| Unrealized losses (gains) on trading investments | (617 | ) | (510 | ) | 613 | |||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 16,430 | 15,954 | 17,574 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 7,542 | 149 | (3,285 | ) | ||||||||
| Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | — | (165 | ) | (1,455 | ) | |||||||
| Other | — | 269 | (58 | ) | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Net sales of investments – trading securities | 5,778 | 16,345 | 6,684 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 2,161 | (3,493 | ) | (5,192 | ) | |||||||
| Other current assets | (4,234 | ) | 567 | (375 | ) | |||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 763 | (926 | ) | 1,174 | ||||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 2,262 | (2,848 | ) | 2,912 | ||||||||
| Income taxes payable | (4,816 | ) | (3,655 | ) | 6,890 | |||||||
| Other liabilities | (165 | ) | 129 | 25 | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 48,009 | 47,392 | 55,208 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition of Woodway, net of cash acquired | — | — | (24,133 | ) | ||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment and other | (1,167 | ) | (1,819 | ) | (951 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds on sale of property and equipment | — | 9 | — | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1,167 | ) | (1,810 | ) | (25,084 | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | — | (5,634 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans | (1,326 | ) | (614 | ) | (1,327 | ) | ||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (5,328 | ) | (3,857 | ) | (5,648 | ) | ||||||
| Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | — | 165 | 1,455 | |||||||||
| Payment of contingent consideration in acquisition | — | (5,562 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Cash dividends paid | (21,923 | ) | (19,442 | ) | (16,619 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (28,577 | ) | (34,944 | ) | (22,139 | ) | ||||||
| Effect of currency rate changes on cash | 2,305 | 301 | (3,376 | ) | ||||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 20,570 | 10,939 | 4,609 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 33,679 | 22,740 | 18,131 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 54,249 | $ | 33,679 | $ | 22,740 | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for income taxes | $ | 10,770 | $ | 14,860 | $ | 11,639 | ||||||
| Common stock issued for acquisition | $ | — | $ | 3,734 | $ | 5,292 | ||||||
| Non-cash accrued contingent consideration | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,023 | ||||||
| Accrued dividends | $ | 9,074 | $ | 8,446 | $ | 7,448 | ||||||
| Tenant allowance included in Property and equipment | $ | — | $ | 1,236 | $ | — | ||||||
| Non-cash accrued Property and equipment | $ | 69 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | $ | (8,947) | $ | 5,911 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 750 | 921 | 898 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 1,624 | 1,721 | 1,726 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on investments | 1,845 | 1,056 | (3,650) | ||||||||||||||
| Realized gains on private investments | (8,371) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 5,835 | 6,701 | 10,305 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 620 | 754 | 2,906 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on asset disposition | — | 48 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on asset disposition | (148) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash lease expense | 1,235 | 1,500 | 1,151 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill | — | 3,403 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Currency translation adjustment reclassification | — | 4,169 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (purchases) sales of investments – trading securities | 4,513 | (19,562) | 15,811 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (1,702) | 3,683 | 5,404 | ||||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 189 | (170) | (608) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1,009 | (526) | (382) | ||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 2,042 | (2,270) | (5,018) | ||||||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 1,750 | (690) | (849) | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (1,569) | (1,561) | (1,433) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 19,385 | (9,770) | 32,172 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of investments | 9,258 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (15) | — | (3,671) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (178) | (93) | (593) | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to internally developed software | — | — | (584) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds on sale of property and equipment | 501 | 89 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 9,566 | (4) | (4,848) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | (2,990) | (12,952) | (2,414) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock under employee stock plans | — | (697) | (980) | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock returned for payment of taxes | (884) | (1,120) | (2,387) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends | (22,932) | (11,043) | (26,089) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (26,806) | (25,812) | (31,870) | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of currency rate changes on cash | 45 | (1,164) | 1,863 | ||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 2,190 | (36,750) | (2,683) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 13,016 | 49,766 | 52,449 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 15,206 | $ | 13,016 | $ | 49,766 | |||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for income taxes | $ | 1,858 | $ | 1,271 | $ | 1,431 | |||||||||||
| Accrued dividends | $ | 2,933 | $ | 1,336 | $ | 8,666 | |||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS:
Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. (“Westwood”, “the Company”, we”“we”, “us” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on December 12, 2001. Westwood manages investment assets and provides services for its clients through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood Advisors, L.L.C. (each of which is an SEC registered investment adviser and referred(referred to hereinafter together as “Westwood Management”), Westwood Trust and Westwood International Advisors Inc. (“Westwood International Advisors”). Westwood Management andOn July 27, 2020, Westwood’s Board of Directors approved the liquidation of Westwood International Advisors, providewhich occurred effective September 30, 2020.
Westwood Management provides investment advisory services to institutional clients, a family of mutual funds called the Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, an Ireland-domiciled fund organized pursuantindividual investors and clients of Westwood Trust. Prior to its liquidation, our wholly owned subsidiary, Westwood International Advisors, provided investment advisory services to institutional clients, the European Union’s Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (“Westwood Funds®, other mutual funds, the UCITS Fund”)Fund (which was liquidated in June 2020), individualsindividual investors and clients of Westwood Trust. Westwood Trust provides trust and custodial services and participation in self-sponsored common trust funds ("CTFs"(“CTFs”) to institutions and high net worth individuals. Revenue is largely dependent on the total value and composition of assets under management (“AUM”).AUM. Accordingly, fluctuations in financial markets and in the composition of AUM impact our revenues and results of operations.
Westwood Management is a registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as an investment adviseradvisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Westwood Trust is chartered and regulated by the Texas Department of Banking. Westwood International Advisors is registered as a portfolio manager and exempt market dealer with the Ontario Securities Commission and the Autorité des marchés financiers in Québec.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Westwood and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
We assess each legal entity that we manage to determine whether consolidation is appropriate at the onset of the relationship. We first determine whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), or a voting interest entity (“VOE”), under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)GAAP and whether we have a controlling financial interest in the entity. Assessing whether or not an entity is a VOE or VIE and if it requires consolidation involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include, but are not limited to, the legal organization of the entity, our equity ownership and contractual involvement with the entity and any related party or de facto agent implications of our involvement with the entity. We reconsider whether entities are a VIE or VOE whenever contractual arrangements change, the entity receives additional equity or returns equity to its investors or changes in facts and circumstances occur that change the investors’ abilities to direct the activities of the entity.
A VIE is an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support, (ii) the at-risk equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or (iii) the entity is structured with disproportionate voting rights, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights. That is, the at-risk equity holders do not have the obligation to absorb significant losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. An enterprise must consolidate all VIEs of which it is the primary beneficiary. We determine if a sponsored investment meets the definition of a VIE by considering whether the fund’s equity investment at risk is sufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support and whether the fund’s at-risk equity holders absorb any losses, have the right to receive residual returns and have the right to direct the activities of the entity most responsible for the entity’s economic performance. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the party that, considering the involvement of related parties and de facto agents, has (i) the power to direct the activities of
the VIE that most significantly affect its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. This evaluation is updated continuously.on a continuing basis.
A VOE is an entity that is outside the scope of the guidance for VIEs. Consolidation of a VOE is required when a reporting entity owns a controlling financial interest in a VOE. Ownership of a majority of the voting interests is the usual condition for a controlling financial interest.
We have evaluated all of our advisory relationships with Westwood Investment Funds PLC (the “UCITS Fund”), the Westwood Funds®, limited liability companies ("LLCs") and(i) our relationship as sponsor of the Common Trust Funds ("CTFs"(“CTFs”) and managing member of the private equity funds Westwood Hospitality and Westwood Technology Opportunities Fund I, LP (collectively the “Private Funds”), (ii) our advisory relationships with the Westwood Funds®, and (iii) our investments in InvestCloud and Charis discussed in Note 5
8
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
“Investments” (“Private Equity”) to determine whether each of these entities is a VIEvariable interest entity (“VIE”) or VOE. voting ownership entity (“VOE”).
Based on our analysis,analyses, we determined that the LLCsCTFs and CTFsPrivate Funds were VIEs, as the at-risk equity holders do not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’sentities' economic performance, and the Company and its representatives have a majority control of the entity's Boardentities' respective boards of Directorsdirectors and can influence the entity'srespective entities' management and affairs. Although we have related parties
Based on the UCITS Fund board of directors, the shareholders have rights to remove the current directors with a simple majority vote, soour analyses, we determined the UCITS Fund is not a VIE. AsWestwood Funds® and Private Equity (i) have sufficient equity at risk to finance the Companyentities' activities independently, (ii) have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and its representatives do not have representation on the Westwood Funds'® independent board of directors, whichright to direct the activities of the entities that most significantly impact the entity'sentities' economic performance we determined that the Westwood Funds® wereand (iii) are not VIEs. Therefore, the UCITS Fundstructured with disproportionate voting rights and the Westwood Funds® should be analyzed under the VOE consolidation method.are VOEs.
Based on our analysisanalyses of our seed investments in these entities for the year endedperiods ending December 31, 2017,2021 and 2020, we have not consolidated the LLCsCTFs or CTFsPrivate Funds under the VIE method or the UCITS FundWestwood Funds® or the Westwood Funds®Private Equity under the VOE method, and therefore the results of these entities are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial results. We have included the disclosures related to VIEs and VOEs in Note 11 "Variable Interest Entities."method.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of money market accounts and other short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, other than pooled investment vehicles that are considered investments. We maintain some cash and cash equivalents balances with financial institutions that are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The Company has not experienced losses on uninsured cash accounts.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable represents balances arising from services provided to customers and are recorded on an accrual basis, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible. Any allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the Company’s historical amounts written off, existing conditions in the industry, and the financial stability of the customer. The majority of our accounts receivable balances consist of advisory and trust fees receivable from customers that we believe are, and have experienced to be, fully collectible. Accordingly, our Consolidated Financial Statements do not include neither an allowance for bad debt, nor any bad debt expense.
Investments
For an investment without a readily determinable fair value, the Company has elected to apply the measurement alternative of cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. The Company will reassess whether such an investment qualifies for the measurement alternative at each reporting period. In evaluating an investment for impairment or observable price changes, we will use inputs including recent financing events, as well as other available information regarding the investee's historical and forecasted performance.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We determined the estimated fair values of our financial instruments using available information. The fair value amounts discussed in Notes 3 "Investments"5 “Investments” and 4 "Fair6 “Fair Value of Financial Instruments"Instruments” are not necessarily indicative of either the amounts realizable upon disposition of these instruments or of our intent or ability to dispose of these assets. The estimated fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid income taxes, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, dividends payable, compensation and benefits payable and income taxes payable approximates their carrying value due to their short-term maturities. The carrying amount of investments designated as “trading” securities, primarily U.S. Government and Government agency obligations, money market funds, Westwood Funds® mutualequity funds, the UCITS Fundequities and Westwood Trust common trust fund shares,exchange-traded bond funds, equals fair value based on prices quoted in active markets and, with respect to funds, the reported net asset value ("NAV"(“NAV”) of the shares held. Market values of our money market holdings generally do not fluctuate.
Our investment in Westwood Hospitality is measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient.
9
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Our investment in Charis is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using a market approach based on a price to tangible book value multiple that is determined to be reasonable in the current environment, or market transactions. Management believes this valuation methodology is consistent with the banking industry and will reevaluate our methodology and inputs on a quarterly basis.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired assets over the fair value of the underlying identifiable assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment.
We test more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. These indicators include declines in revenues, earnings or cash flows, or the development of a material adverse change in the business climate. We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, which is referred to as a component. We have identified two2 reporting units, which are consistent with our reporting segments: Advisory and Trust. The Company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless we determine that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than the carrying amount. We assess goodwill for impairment using either a qualitative or quantitative assessment. The qualitative assessment includes consideration of the current trends in the industry in which we operate, macroeconomic conditions and recent financial performance of our reporting units and a market multiple approach valuation. In performing the annual impairment test during the third quarter, or more frequently when impairment indicators exist, and after assessing the qualitative factors, we may be required to utilize the two-step approach prescribed by ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. We may also elect to skip the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to the quantitative analysis.units. The quantitative analysis requires a comparison of each reporting unit’s carrying value to the fair value of the respective unit. IfAn impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying valueamount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, a second step is performed to measurevalue; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of impairment loss.goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated entirely or predominantly, using a market multiple approach and an income approach. During
Following a sustained decline in the Company's market capitalization, we determined in 2020 that the entire goodwill related to our Advisory segment was impaired, and accordingly we recorded charges of $3.4 million to "Impairment expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). As part of our evaluation, we determined the fair value of each of our reporting units using a weighted average approach of the market and income approaches. As part of the 2020 Advisory reporting unit assessment, we determined that an increase in the discount rate (from the prior assessment) applied in the valuation was required to align with market-based assumptions. The higher discount rate, in conjunction with revised long-term projections, resulted in a lower fair value of the Advisory segment. There was no goodwill impairment in the Advisory segment during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2019.
We completed our most recent annual goodwill impairment assessment during the third quarter of 2017 we completed our annual goodwill impairment assessment2021, and determined that no goodwill impairment lossrelated to the Trust segment was required. No impairments were recordedThere was no goodwill impairment in the Trust segment during any of the periods presented.years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019.
Our intangible assets represent the acquisition date fair value of the acquired client relationships, trade names and non-compete agreements, as well as the cost of internally-developed software, each of which is reflected net of amortization. In valuing these assets, we made significant estimates regarding their useful lives, growth rates and potential attrition. We periodically review our intangible assets for events or circumstances that would indicate impairment. See Note 5 "Acquisitions, Goodwill10 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."”
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of furniture and equipment is provided over the estimated useful lives of the assets (from 3 to 7 years), and depreciation on leasehold improvements is provided over the lesser of the estimated useful life or lease term using the straight-line method. We capitalize leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, computer hardware and most office equipment purchases.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized when the performance obligation (the investment management and advisory or trust services provided to the client) defined by the investment advisory or sub-advisory agreement is satisfied. For each performance obligation, we determine at contract inception whether the revenue satisfies over time or at a point in time. Our revenues from a contract asset related to wealth management software, and its implementation, are recognized over time, and all other revenues are recognized at a point in time. We derive our revenues from investment advisory fees, trust fees and other sources of revenues. Advisory and Trust fees are calculated based on a percentage of AUM and the performance obligation is realized over the then-current calendar quarter. Once clients receive our investment advisory services we have an enforceable right to payment.
Incremental costs to obtain a contract are eligible to be capitalized if the costs are expected to be recovered over the service period. We incur certain incremental costs in obtaining new business and continually evaluate whether costs should be capitalized and amortized over the expected period of benefit of the asset. Certain costs used to fulfill a contract such as the distribution services utilized to sell our Westwood Funds® are expensed as incurred. We recognize the incremental costs of
10
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Stock-Based Compensation
We have issued restricted stock to ourcertain U.S. employees and Board of Directors in accordance with our FourthEighth Amended and Restated Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU"(“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting effective January 1, 2017.
Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation expense reflects the fair value of stock-based awards measured at grant date and is recognized over the relevant service period. We expense the fair value of stock-based compensation awards granted to our employees and directors in our Consolidated Financial Statements on a straight-line basis over the period that services are required to be provided in exchange for the award (“requisite service period”), which is typically the period over which the award vests. Stock-based compensation is recognized only for awards that vest. We measure the fair value of compensation cost related to restricted stock awards based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date. For performance-based share awards, we assess actual performance versus the predetermined performance goals and record compensation expense once we conclude it is probable that we will meet the performance goals required to vest the applicable performance-based awards.
The following summarizes the effects of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
Currency Translation and Re-measurement
Assets and liabilities of Westwood International Advisors, our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary, are translated at exchange rates as of applicable reporting dates. The gains and losses resulting from translating non-U.S. dollar functional currency into U.S. dollars are recorded through other comprehensive income.income (loss).
Following the closure and liquidation of Westwood International Advisors, we reclassified foreign currency translation adjustments of $4.2 million from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income (loss) in the year ended December 31, 2020.
Revenue and expense transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the dates of the transactions. Gains and losses resulting from transactions in foreign currencies are included in "General and administrative" expenses“(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions” in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.Income (Loss). For the year ended December 31, 2017,2020, we recorded a gain of $1.2 million and for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a loss of $1.6$1.9 million. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded a gain of $362,000 and $544,000, respectively.
Income Taxes
We file a United StatesU. S. federal income tax return as a consolidated group for Westwood and its subsidiaries based in the United States.U.S.-based subsidiaries. We file a Canadian income tax return for Westwood International Advisors. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statements and income tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured at enacted income tax rates. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”) was signed into law. Further information on the tax impacts of the Tax Reform Act is included in Note 7 "Income Taxes."
Deferred income tax expense is generally the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes relate primarily to incentive compensation and stock-based compensation expense. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe such assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In the event we were to determine that we would not be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future, we would record a valuation allowance. No such valuation allowance has been recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
11
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
We account for uncertain tax positions by recognizing the impact of a tax position in our Consolidated Financial Statements when we believe it is more likely than not that the tax position would not be sustained upon examination by the appropriate tax authority based on the merits of the position. We include penalties and interest on income-based taxes, if any, in the “General and administrative” line on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. AtIncome (Loss). See Note 8 “Income Taxes.”
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2021, and it did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. REVENUE
Advisory Fee Revenues
Our advisory fees are generated by Westwood Management and Westwood International Advisors (prior to its closure, effective September 30, 2020), for managing client accounts under investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements. Advisory fees are typically calculated based on a percentage of AUM and are paid in accordance with the terms of the agreements. Advisory fees are paid quarterly in advance based on AUM on the last day of the preceding quarter, quarterly in arrears based on AUM on the last day of the quarter just ended or are based on a daily or monthly analysis of AUM for the stated period. We recognize advisory fee revenues as services are rendered. Since our advance paying clients' billing periods coincide with the calendar quarter to which such payments relate, revenue is recognized within the quarter and our Consolidated Financial Statements contain no deferred advisory fee revenues. Advisory clients typically consist of institutional and mutual fund accounts.
Institutional investors include separate accounts of (i) corporate pension and profit sharing plans, public employee retirement funds, Taft-Hartley plans, endowments, foundations and individuals; (ii) sub-advisory relationships where Westwood provides investment management services for funds offered by other financial institutions; (iii) pooled investment vehicles, including the UCITS Fund and collective investment trusts; and (iv) managed account relationships with brokerage firms and other registered investment advisors that offer Westwood products to their customers. The UCITS Fund was liquidated in June 2020.
Mutual funds include the Westwood Funds®, a family of mutual funds for which Westwood Management serves as advisor. These funds are available to individual investors, as well as offered as part of our investment strategies for institutional investors and wealth management accounts.
Arrangements with Performance-Based Obligations
A limited number of our advisory clients have a contractual performance-based fee component in their contracts, which generates additional revenues if we outperform a specified index over a specific period of time, and a limited number of our mutual fund offerings have fees that generate additional revenues if we outperform specified indices over specific periods of time.
The revenue is based on future market performance and is subject to factors outside our control. We cannot conclude that a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized will not occur during the measurement period, and therefore the revenue is recorded at the end of the measurement period when the performance obligation has been satisfied.
Trust Fee Revenues
Our trust fees are generated by Westwood Trust pursuant to trust or custodial agreements. Trust fees are separately negotiated with each client and are generally based on a percentage of AUM. Westwood Trust also provides trust services to a small number of clients on a fixed fee basis. The fees for most of our trust clients are calculated quarterly in arrears, based on a daily average of AUM for the quarter, or monthly, based on the month-end value of AUM. Since billing periods for most of Westwood Trust’s clients coincide with the calendar quarter, revenue is fully recognized within the quarter and our Consolidated Financial Statements contain no deferred advisory fee revenues.
Other Revenues
Following the execution of a $2.6 million contract with a service provider, we recognized contract revenue of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, we had $160,0002020, which was recognized over time for financial reporting purposes. We estimate contract revenue based upon the expected value method, which requires significant judgment regarding probabilities of unrecognized tax benefits accrued, net of $46,000 federal deferred tax assets, related to uncertain tax positions. At December 31, 2016, we had $2.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits accrued, net of $942,000 federal deferred tax assets, related to uncertain tax positions. See Note 7 "Income Taxes."
12
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2017: | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and Government agency obligations | $ | 29,367 | $ | 21 | $ | (15 | ) | $ | 29,373 | |||||||
| Money market funds | 9,736 | — | — | 9,736 | ||||||||||||
| Equity funds | 11,578 | 657 | (20 | ) | 12,215 | |||||||||||
| Marketable securities | $ | 50,681 | $ | 678 | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 51,324 | |||||||
| December 31, 2016: | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and Government agency obligations | $ | 30,275 | $ | — | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 30,273 | |||||||
| Money market funds | 14,127 | — | — | 14,127 | ||||||||||||
| Equity funds | 12,057 | 204 | (176 | ) | 12,085 | |||||||||||
| Marketable securities | $ | 56,459 | $ | 204 | $ | (178 | ) | $ | 56,485 | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Realized gains | $ | 395 | $ | 113 | $ | 283 | ||||||
| Realized losses | (96 | ) | (220 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||||
| Net realized gains (losses) | $ | 299 | $ | (107 | ) | $ | 240 | |||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) from gains (losses) | $ | 105 | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 84 | |||||
| Interest income – trading | $ | 334 | $ | 282 | $ | 143 | ||||||
| Dividend income | $ | 302 | $ | 265 | $ | 284 | ||||||
| Unrealized gains/(losses) | $ | 617 | $ | 510 | $ | (613 | ) | |||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Investments Measured at NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in trading securities | $ | 48,998 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,326 | $ | 51,324 | ||||||||||
| Total financial instruments | $ | 48,998 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,326 | $ | 51,324 | ||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in trading securities | $ | 53,319 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,166 | $ | 56,485 | ||||||||||
| Total financial instruments | $ | 53,319 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,166 | $ | 56,485 | ||||||||||
| (1) Comprised of certain investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient. These investments were recategorized and are no longer included within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pro Forma Results (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, 2015 | |||
| Total revenues | $ | 133,628 | ||
| Net income | $ | 28,080 | ||
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 27,144 | $ | 27,144 | ||||
| Acquired goodwill | — | — | ||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 27,144 | $ | 27,144 | ||||
Weighted Average Amortization Period (years) | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||
| 2017 | ||||||||||||||
| Client relationships | 14.8 | $ | 25,396 | $ | (6,302 | ) | $ | 19,094 | ||||||
| Trade names | 4.2 | 942 | (633 | ) | 309 | |||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 2.9 | 283 | (262 | ) | 21 | |||||||||
| Internally developed software | 7.0 | 418 | (38 | ) | 380 | |||||||||
| $ | 27,039 | $ | (7,235 | ) | $ | 19,804 | ||||||||
| 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Client relationships | 14.8 | $ | 25,396 | $ | (4,672 | ) | $ | 20,724 | ||||||
| Trade names | 4.2 | 942 | (496 | ) | 446 | |||||||||
| Non-compete agreements | 2.9 | 283 | (176 | ) | 107 | |||||||||
| Internally developed software | 7.0 | 136 | (19 | ) | 117 | |||||||||
| $ | 26,757 | $ | (5,363 | ) | $ | 21,394 | ||||||||
Estimated Amortization Expense | |||
| For the year ending December 31, | |||
| 2018 | $ | 1,672 | |
| 2019 | 1,651 | ||
| 2020 | 1,530 | ||
| 2021 | 1,419 | ||
| 2022 | 1,419 | ||
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | 4,170 | $ | 3,908 | ||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 2,243 | 2,362 | ||||||
| Computer hardware and office equipment | 2,745 | 2,306 | ||||||
| Construction in progress | 705 | 294 | ||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (5,673 | ) | (4,590 | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 4,190 | $ | 4,280 | ||||
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $46 and $10 | $ | (1,764 | ) | $ | (4,287 | ) | ||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (1,764 | ) | $ | (4,287 | ) | ||
Sales taxes of approximately $1.8 million on the mandatory deemed repatriation. Of this amount, $1.1 million is payable over eight years, of which $1.0 million is included in "Noncurrent income taxes payable" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for the year ended December 31, 2017. The remaining$88,000 is netted in our "Prepaid income taxes" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for the year ended December 31, 2017, as our U.S. federal tax balance is in a receivable position at year-end.
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| United States | $ | 17,531 | $ | 21,539 | $ | 27,324 | ||||||
| Canada | 16,362 | 12,471 | 14,896 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 33,893 | $ | 34,010 | $ | 42,220 | ||||||
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision computed at US federal statutory rate | $ | 11,859 | 35.0 | % | $ | 11,893 | 35.0 | % | $ | 14,777 | 35.0 | % | |||||||||
| Canadian rate differential | (1,398 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (1,050 | ) | (3.1 | ) | (1,287 | ) | (3.0 | ) | |||||||||
| Change in uncertain tax positions, net of federal benefit | (3 | ) | — | 542 | 1.6 | 1,059 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||
| State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit | 626 | 1.9 | 230 | 0.6 | 465 | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Rate changes | 1,578 | 4.6 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Tax on deemed repatriation | 1,767 | 5.2 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Other, net | (525 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (252 | ) | (0.7 | ) | 101 | 0.2 | |||||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | 13,904 | 41.0 | % | $ | 11,363 | 33.4 | % | $ | 15,115 | 35.8 | % | |||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 41.0 | % | 33.4 | % | 35.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Current taxes: | ||||||||||||
| US Federal | $ | 1,122 | $ | 6,765 | $ | 12,015 | ||||||
| State and local | 662 | 1,136 | 2,564 | |||||||||
| Foreign | 4,578 | 3,313 | 3,821 | |||||||||
| Total current taxes | 6,362 | 11,214 | 18,400 | |||||||||
| Deferred taxes: | ||||||||||||
| US Federal | 7,569 | 314 | (3,331 | ) | ||||||||
| State and local | 22 | 36 | (156 | ) | ||||||||
| Foreign | (49 | ) | (201 | ) | 202 | |||||||
| Total deferred taxes | 7,542 | 149 | (3,285 | ) | ||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | 13,904 | $ | 11,363 | $ | 15,115 | ||||||
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | $ | 3,851 | $ | 6,325 | ||||
| Deferred rent | 441 | 762 | ||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 719 | 4,907 | ||||||
| Federal unrecognized tax benefit | 46 | 942 | ||||||
| Other | 140 | 74 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 5,197 | 13,010 | ||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||
| Property and equipment | (586 | ) | (1,013 | ) | ||||
| Intangibles | (1,029 | ) | (1,023 | ) | ||||
| Unrealized gains on investments | (175 | ) | (71 | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,790 | ) | (2,107 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 3,407 | $ | 10,903 | ||||
| Balance at January 1, 2016 | $ | 1,629 | ||
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 354 | |||
| Additions for tax positions related to prior years | 580 | |||
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (101 | ) | ||
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 2,462 | ||
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 67 | |||
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (776 | ) | ||
| Payments for tax positions related to prior years | (1,593 | ) | ||
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 160 | ||
revenues. The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense recorded and the total income tax benefit recognized for stock-based compensation arrangements for the years indicatedour revenue disaggregated by account type (in thousands):. In 2021, we recast certain prior year revenues related to performance fees.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Institutional | $ | 31,069 | $ | 28,878 | $ | 38,053 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual Funds | 17,507 | 11,488 | 19,288 | |||||||||||||||||
| Wealth Management | 686 | 470 | 456 | |||||||||||||||||
| Trust Fees | 24,131 | 23,929 | 25,483 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | (339) | 346 | 799 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 73,054 | $ | 65,111 | $ | 84,079 | ||||||||||||||
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Service condition restricted stock expense | $ | 10,334 | $ | 10,377 | $ | 9,439 | ||||||
| Performance-based restricted stock expense | 5,387 | 4,927 | 7,403 | |||||||||
| Restricted stock expense under the Plan | 15,721 | 15,304 | 16,842 | |||||||||
| Canadian Plan restricted stock expense | 709 | 650 | 732 | |||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 16,430 | $ | 15,954 | $ | 17,574 | ||||||
| Total income tax benefit recognized related to stock-based compensation | $ | 6,168 | $ | 4,749 | $ | 6,217 | ||||||
world. The following table details the status and changes inpresents our restricted stock grants that are subject only to a service condition for the year ended December 31, 2017:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||
| Non-vested, January 1, 2017 | 607,501 | $ | 54.67 | ||||
| Granted | 143,460 | 61.20 | |||||
| Vested | (187,295 | ) | 57.47 | ||||
| Forfeited | (44,291 | ) | 54.99 | ||||
| Non-vested, December 31, 2017 | 519,375 | $ | 55.44 | ||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 61.20 | $ | 47.97 | $ | 61.42 | ||||||
| Fair value of shares vested (in thousands) | $ | 10,764 | $ | 9,497 | $ | 7,797 | ||||||
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||
| Non-vested, January 1, 2017 | 153,620 | $ | 55.90 | ||||
| Granted | 160,340 | 54.86 | |||||
| Vested | (102,367 | ) | 56.58 | ||||
| Forfeited | (45,675 | ) | 55.86 | ||||
| Non-vested, December 31, 2017 | 165,918 | $ | 55.85 | ||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 54.86 | $ | 55.90 | $ | 61.29 | ||||||
| Fair value of shares vested (in thousands) | $ | 5,792 | $ | 6,209 | $ | 5,936 | ||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Advisory | Trust | Performance-based | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | $ | 1,163 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,163 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 638 | — | 262 | — | 900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 45,512 | 24,131 | 1,687 | (339) | 70,991 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 47,313 | $ | 24,131 | $ | 1,949 | $ | (339) | $ | 73,054 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | Advisory | Trust | Performance-based | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia | $ | 696 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 1,505 | — | — | — | 1,505 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 2,707 | — | 1,570 | — | 4,277 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 33,120 | 23,563 | 1,604 | 346 | 58,633 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 38,028 | $ | 23,563 | $ | 3,174 | $ | 346 | $ | 65,111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | Advisory | Trust | Performance-based | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia | $ | 1,639 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,639 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australia | 591 | — | — | — | 591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 2,740 | — | — | 282 | 3,022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 3,703 | — | 764 | — | 4,467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 48,360 | 25,483 | — | 517 | 74,360 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 57,033 | $ | 25,483 | $ | 764 | $ | 799 | $ | 84,079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Profit-sharing contributions | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,001 | $ | 965 | ||||||
| Retirement plan matching contributions | 1,602 | 1,518 | 1,319 | |||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | 8,147,742 | 7,961,891 | 7,756,647 | |||||||||
| Dilutive potential shares from unvested restricted shares | 252,280 | 182,979 | 350,755 | |||||||||
| Dilutive potential shares from contingent consideration | — | 20,605 | 41,997 | |||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | 8,400,022 | 8,165,475 | 8,149,399 | |||||||||
| Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 2.45 | $ | 2.84 | $ | 3.49 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | 2.38 | $ | 2.77 | $ | 3.33 | ||||||
| As of December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Assets Under Management | Corporate Investment | Amount at Risk | ||||||||||
| VIEs/VOEs: | ||||||||||||
| Westwood Funds® | $ | 4,242 | $ | 6 | $ | 6 | ||||||
| Common Trust Funds | 2,564 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| LLCs | 116 | — | — | |||||||||
| UCITS Fund | 412 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| All other assets: | ||||||||||||
| Private Wealth | 2,886 | |||||||||||
| Institutional | 14,009 | |||||||||||
| Total AUM | $ | 24,229 | ||||||||||
| Year ending: | |||
| 2018 | $ | 2,309 | |
| 2019 | 1,947 | ||
| 2020 | 1,963 | ||
| 2021 | 1,920 | ||
| 2022 | 1,530 | ||
| Thereafter | 4,533 | ||
| Total payments due | $ | 14,202 | |
We operate two2 segments: Advisory and Trust. These segments are managed separately based on the types of products and services offered and their related client bases. The Company’s segment information is prepared on the same basis that management uses to review the financial information for operational decision-making purposes. The Company's chief operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of our segments based primarily on fee revenues and Economic Earnings. Westwood Holdings Group, Inc., the parent company of Advisory and Trust, does not have revenues and is the entity in which we record typical holding company expenses including employee compensation and benefits for holding company employees, directors’ fees and investor relations costs. All segment accounting policies are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intersegment balances that eliminate in consolidation have been applied to the appropriate segment.
13
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Advisory
Our Advisory segment provides investment advisory services to (i) corporate retirementpension and profit sharing plans, public employee retirement funds, Taft-Hartley plans, endowments, foundations and individuals, (ii) sub-advisory relationships where Westwood provides investment management services to the Westwood Funds®, funds offered by other financial institutions and funds offered by our Trust segment and (iii) pooled investment vehicles, including the UCITS Fund as well as(liquidated in June 2020) and collective investment subadvisory services to mutual funds and our Trust segment.trusts. Westwood Management Corp. and Westwood International Advisors (prior to its closure, effective September 30, 2020), which provide investment advisory services to clients of similar type,clients, are included in our Advisory segment, along with Westwood Advisors, L.L.C.segment.
Trust
Westwood Trust provides trust and custodial services and participation in common trust funds that it sponsors to institutions and high net worth individuals. Westwood Trust is included in our Trust segment.
| (in thousands) | Advisory | Trust | Westwood Holdings | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 49,262 | $ | 24,131 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 73,393 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 2,415 | 356 | — | (2,771) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | (339) | — | — | 0 | (339) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 51,338 | 24,487 | — | (2,771) | 73,054 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 167 | 1,614 | 615 | — | 2,396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 33,249 | 18,092 | 16,129 | (2,771) | 64,699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 33,416 | 19,706 | 16,744 | (2,771) | 67,095 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains on private investments | 3,524 | 2,731 | 2,116 | — | 8,371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation on private investments | (757) | (587) | (453) | — | (1,797) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 875 | (7) | — | — | 868 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | — | — | 602 | — | 602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 21,564 | 6,918 | (14,479) | — | 14,003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 4,784 | 1,262 | (1,806) | — | 4,240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 16,780 | $ | 5,656 | $ | (12,673) | $ | — | $ | 9,763 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 222,335 | $ | 56,965 | $ | 12,784 | $ | (152,479) | $ | 139,605 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | — | $ | 16,401 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 16,401 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 66 | $ | 61 | $ | 51 | $ | — | $ | 178 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 40,836 | $ | 23,929 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 64,765 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 2,338 | 263 | — | (2,601) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend revenue | 35 | — | — | — | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 311 | — | — | — | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 43,520 | 24,192 | — | (2,601) | 65,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 322 | 1,656 | 664 | — | 2,642 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment expense | 3,403 | — | — | — | 3,403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 34,675 | 17,398 | 13,041 | (2,601) | 62,513 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 38,400 | 19,054 | 13,705 | (2,601) | 68,558 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments | (311) | (222) | (178) | — | (711) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 552 | 52 | — | — | 604 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14
| (in thousands) | Advisory | Trust | Westwood Holdings | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 100,612 | $ | 31,621 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 132,233 | ||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 8,120 | 218 | — | (8,338 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend revenue | 546 | 90 | — | — | 636 | |||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 911 | 5 | — | — | 916 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 110,189 | 31,934 | — | (8,338 | ) | 133,785 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 548 | 1,900 | 468 | — | 2,916 | |||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 58,950 | 28,580 | 17,784 | (8,338 | ) | 96,976 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 59,498 | 30,480 | 18,252 | (8,338 | ) | 99,892 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 50,691 | 1,454 | (18,252 | ) | — | 33,893 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 17,120 | (47 | ) | (3,169 | ) | — | 13,904 | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 33,571 | $ | 1,501 | $ | (15,083 | ) | $ | — | $ | 19,989 | |||||||||
| Add: Restricted stock expense | $ | 9,140 | $ | 2,641 | $ | 4,649 | $ | — | $ | 16,430 | ||||||||||
| Intangible amortization | 138 | 1,734 | — | — | 1,872 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes on goodwill | 38 | 588 | — | — | 626 | |||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings (Loss) | $ | 42,887 | $ | 6,464 | $ | (10,434 | ) | $ | — | $ | 38,917 | |||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 207,792 | $ | 69,174 | $ | 18,437 | $ | (102,744 | ) | $ | 192,659 | |||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | 5,219 | $ | 21,925 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,144 | ||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 151 | $ | 530 | $ | 203 | $ | — | $ | 884 | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 92,127 | $ | 30,313 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 122,440 | ||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 7,533 | 130 | — | (7,663 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend revenue | 534 | 13 | — | — | 547 | |||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 294 | (260 | ) | — | — | 34 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 100,488 | 30,196 | — | (7,663 | ) | 123,021 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 575 | 1,975 | 379 | — | 2,929 | |||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 50,824 | 27,348 | 15,573 | (7,663 | ) | 86,082 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 51,399 | 29,323 | 15,952 | (7,663 | ) | 89,011 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 49,089 | 873 | (15,952 | ) | — | 34,010 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 16,331 | 426 | (5,394 | ) | — | 11,363 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 32,758 | $ | 447 | $ | (10,558 | ) | $ | — | $ | 22,647 | |||||||||
| Add: Restricted stock expense | $ | 9,632 | $ | 3,026 | $ | 3,296 | $ | — | $ | 15,954 | ||||||||||
| Intangible amortization | 160 | 1,800 | — | — | 1,960 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes on goodwill | 38 | 509 | — | — | 547 | |||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings | $ | 42,588 | $ | 5,782 | $ | (7,262 | ) | $ | — | $ | 41,108 | |||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 174,951 | $ | 67,330 | $ | 13,985 | $ | (76,588 | ) | $ | 179,678 | |||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | 5,219 | $ | 21,925 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,144 | ||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 705 | $ | 530 | $ | 584 | $ | — | $ | 1,819 | ||||||||||
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| (in thousands) | Advisory | Trust | Westwood Holdings | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | — | — | 135 | — | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments to net income (loss) upon liquidation of a foreign subsidiary | — | — | (4,169) | — | (4,169) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 5,361 | 4,968 | (17,917) | — | (7,588) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 3,456 | 1,977 | (4,074) | — | 1,359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1,905 | $ | 2,991 | $ | (13,843) | $ | — | $ | (8,947) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 204,827 | $ | 54,749 | $ | 17,247 | $ | (127,671) | $ | 149,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | — | $ | 16,401 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 16,401 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 20 | $ | 24 | $ | 49 | $ | — | $ | 93 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 57,797 | $ | 25,483 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 83,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 3,457 | 236 | — | (3,693) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend revenue | 103 | — | — | — | 103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | 696 | — | — | — | 696 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 62,053 | 25,719 | — | (3,693) | 84,079 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 311 | 1,765 | 548 | — | 2,624 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 46,235 | 19,672 | 14,597 | (3,693) | 76,811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 46,546 | 21,437 | 15,145 | (3,693) | 79,435 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments | 1,438 | 1,026 | 832 | — | 3,296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income | 1,017 | 298 | 3 | — | 1,318 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | — | — | 144 | — | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 17,962 | 5,606 | (14,166) | — | 9,402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 4,308 | 1,459 | (2,276) | — | 3,491 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 13,654 | $ | 4,147 | $ | (11,890) | $ | — | $ | 5,911 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 242,854 | $ | 51,274 | $ | 24,732 | $ | (140,153) | $ | 178,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | 3,403 | $ | 16,401 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 19,804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 288 | $ | 223 | $ | 82 | $ | — | $ | 593 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Advisory | Trust | Westwood Holdings | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net fee revenues from external sources | $ | 101,973 | $ | 28,795 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 130,768 | ||||||||||
| Net intersegment revenues | 19,001 | — | — | (19,001 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend revenue | 425 | 1 | — | — | 426 | |||||||||||||||
| Other revenue | (341 | ) | 83 | — | — | (258 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 121,058 | 28,879 | — | (19,001 | ) | 130,936 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 773 | 1,724 | 99 | — | 2,596 | |||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 63,658 | 25,882 | 15,581 | (19,001 | ) | 86,120 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 64,431 | 27,606 | 15,680 | (19,001 | ) | 88,716 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 56,627 | 1,273 | (15,680 | ) | — | 42,220 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 19,330 | 517 | (4,732 | ) | — | 15,115 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 37,297 | $ | 756 | $ | (10,948 | ) | $ | — | $ | 27,105 | |||||||||
| Add: Restricted stock expense | $ | 11,877 | $ | 2,613 | $ | 3,084 | $ | — | $ | 17,574 | ||||||||||
| Intangible amortization | 161 | 1,385 | — | — | 1,546 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes on goodwill | 38 | 233 | — | — | 271 | |||||||||||||||
| Economic Earnings (Loss) | $ | 49,373 | $ | 4,987 | $ | (7,864 | ) | $ | — | $ | 46,496 | |||||||||
| Segment assets | $ | 183,004 | $ | 60,459 | $ | 8,816 | $ | (70,943 | ) | $ | 181,336 | |||||||||
| Segment goodwill | $ | 5,219 | $ | 21,925 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,144 | ||||||||||
| Expenditures for long-lived assets | $ | 369 | $ | 180 | $ | 267 | $ | — | $ | 816 | ||||||||||
5. INVESTMENTS:
Since 2018, the company has made strategic investments which we believe enhance the services we provide our customers.Each of these is discussed below.
InvestCloud. During 2018, we made a $5.4 million strategic investment in InvestCloud, which is included in “Investments” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This investment represents an equity interest in a private company without a readily determinable fair value. The Company has elected to apply the related assets that will ultimately require replacement.measurement alternative of cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes.
15
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| Net Income | $ | 19,989 | $ | 22,647 | $ | 27,105 | ||||||
| Add: Restricted stock expense | 16,430 | 15,954 | 17,574 | |||||||||
| Add: Intangible amortization | 1,872 | 1,960 | 1,546 | |||||||||
| Add: Tax benefit from goodwill amortization | 626 | 547 | 271 | |||||||||
| Economic Earnings | $ | 38,917 | $ | 41,108 | $ | 46,496 | ||||||
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
December 31, 2019, we recorded an unrealized gain of $2.8 million in "Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments" on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
In the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded an unrealized gain of $0.9 million for Charis following fair value increases from market transactions. In the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded an unrealized loss of $0.5 million, primarily as a result of the global macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a gain of $0.6 million following fair value increases resulting from market transactions. These adjustments were recorded to "Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments" on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Private Equity Seed Funding. In 2019 we made a $0.3 million investment in Westwood Hospitality. Our investment is included in “Noncurrent investments at fair value” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and it is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using NAV as a practical expedient.
All other investments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis and are accounted for as trading securities.
Investments carried at fair value are presented in the table below (in thousands):
| Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and Government agency obligations | $ | 39,926 | $ | — | $ | (491) | $ | 39,435 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | 19,661 | — | — | 19,661 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity funds | 4,135 | 158 | (7) | 4,286 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 1,296 | 206 | — | 1,502 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded bond funds | 140 | — | — | 140 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | 65,158 | $ | 364 | $ | (498) | $ | 65,024 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Private investment fund | 265 | — | (121) | 144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | 3,420 | 949 | — | 4,369 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments carried at fair value | $ | 68,843 | $ | 1,313 | $ | (619) | $ | 69,537 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government and Government agency obligations | $ | 65,132 | $ | 2 | $ | (180) | $ | 64,954 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | 4,003 | — | — | 4,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity funds | 90 | — | (5) | 85 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | 288 | 94 | — | 382 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-traded bond funds | 115 | 3 | — | 118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total trading securities | $ | 69,628 | $ | 99 | $ | (185) | $ | 69,542 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Private investment fund | 250 | — | (154) | 96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | 3,420 | 11 | — | 3,431 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments carried at fair value | $ | 73,298 | $ | 110 | $ | (339) | $ | 73,069 | ||||||||||||||||||
The following amounts, except for income tax amounts, are included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) under the headings “Other revenues, net," "Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private
16
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Revenues by geographic location of client: | ||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 111,097 | $ | 103,261 | $ | 109,816 | ||||||
| Canada | 9,169 | 7,714 | 9,238 | |||||||||
| Europe | 3,873 | 5,416 | 6,019 | |||||||||
| Asia | 6,312 | 4,872 | 4,538 | |||||||||
| Australia | 3,334 | 1,758 | 1,325 | |||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 133,785 | $ | 123,021 | $ | 130,936 | ||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains | $ | 41 | $ | 110 | $ | 707 | ||||||||||||||
| Realized losses | (212) | (116) | (122) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net realized gains (losses) | $ | (171) | $ | (6) | $ | 585 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense from gains (losses) | $ | (36) | $ | (1) | $ | 123 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income – trading | $ | 716 | $ | 786 | $ | 894 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividend income | $ | 35 | $ | 101 | $ | 283 | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains/(losses) | $ | 923 | $ | (1,056) | $ | 3,650 | ||||||||||||||
6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS:
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures regarding certain fair value measurements. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy for measuring fair value, as follows:
•Level 1 – quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
•Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable
•Level 3 – unobservable inputs where there is little or no market activity
Our strategic investment in InvestCloud discussed in Note 5 "Investments" is excluded from the recurring fair value table shown below, as we have elected to apply the measurement alternative for that investment.
The following table summarizes the values of our assets and liabilities as of the dates indicated within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Measured at NAV (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in trading securities | $ | 65,024 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 65,024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private investment fund | — | — | — | 144 | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | — | — | 4,369 | — | 4,369 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 65,024 | $ | — | $ | 4,369 | $ | 144 | $ | 69,537 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in trading securities | $ | 69,542 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 69,542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private investment fund | — | — | — | 96 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity | — | — | 3,431 | — | 3,431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 69,542 | $ | — | $ | 3,431 | $ | 96 | $ | 73,069 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Comprised of certain investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our investment in Charis is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as we value it utilizing inputs not observable in the market. Our investment is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using a market approach based on a price to tangible book value multiple range determined to be reasonable in the current environment, or market transactions. Management believes this valuation methodology is consistent with the banking industry and we will evaluate our methodology and inputs on a quarterly basis.
17
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
As of December 31, | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net, by geographic area: | ||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 4,107 | $ | 4,002 | ||||
| Canada | 83 | 278 | ||||||
| Total Property and equipment, net | $ | 4,190 | $ | 4,280 | ||||
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 3,431 | $ | 3,975 | |||||||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on private investments | 938 | (544) | |||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 4,369 | $ | 3,431 | |||||||
The December 31, 2021 private investment fair value of $4.4 million was valued using a market approach based on a price to tangible book value multiple, with unobservable book value multiples ranging from $1.41 to $2.57 per share, with a weighted average of $1.60 per share. Significant increases (decreases) in book value multiples in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS:
Restricted Stock Awards
We have issued restricted shares to certain employees and non-employee directors. The Eighth Amended and Restated Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan ("the Plan") reserves shares of Westwood common stock for issuance to eligible employees, directors and consultants of Westwood or its subsidiaries in the form of restricted stock and stock options. In April 2021, stockholders approved an additional 250,000 shares to be authorized under the Plan, increasing the total number of shares issuable under the Plan (including predecessor plans to the Plan) to 5,648,100 shares. In the event of a change in control of Westwood, the Plan contains provisions providing for the acceleration of the vesting of restricted stock. At December 31, 2021, approximately 776,000 shares remain available for issuance under the Plan.
The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense recorded and the total income tax benefit recognized for stock-based compensation arrangements for the years indicated (in thousands):
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Service condition restricted stock expense | $ | 5,253 | $ | 6,348 | $ | 7,240 | ||||||||||||||
| Performance-based restricted stock expense | 581 | 1,280 | 2,388 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock expense under the Plan | 5,834 | 7,628 | 9,628 | |||||||||||||||||
| Canadian Plan restricted stock expense | — | (927) | 677 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 5,834 | $ | 6,701 | $ | 10,305 | ||||||||||||||
| Total income tax benefit recognized related to stock-based compensation | $ | 804 | $ | 953 | $ | 1,932 | ||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock
Under the Plan, we have granted to certain employees and non-employee directors restricted stock subject to service conditions and to certain key employees restricted stock subject to both service and performance conditions. We accrue dividends on unvested restricted stock, which are due and payable upon vesting of restricted stock. Accrued dividends coming due within the next twelve months are included in “Dividends payable” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the remaining noncurrent portion of accrued dividends included in “Accrued dividends” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2021, we had $1.8 million and $1.1 million in "Dividends payable" and "Accrued dividends", respectively, and the Dividends payable were related to unvested restricted stock. At December 31, 2020, we had $0.8 million and $0.5 million in Dividends payable and Accrued dividends, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, there was approximately $6.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock grants under the Plan, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1 year. In order to satisfy tax liabilities that employees will owe on shares that vest, we may withhold a sufficient number of vested shares from employees on the date vesting occurs to cover minimum tax withholding requirements. We withheld 51,359 shares in 2021 for this purpose. Our two types of restricted stock grants under the Plan are discussed below.
Restricted Stock Subject Only to a Service Condition
18
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we granted restricted stock to certain employees and non-employee directors. Employee shares generally vest over three years and Director shares vest over one year. We calculate compensation cost for restricted stock grants using the fair market value of our common stock at the date of grant, the number of shares issued and an adjustment for restrictions on dividends. This compensation cost is amortized on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period.
The following table details the status and changes in our restricted stock grants that are subject only to a service condition for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Non-vested, January 1, 2021 | 449,603 | $ | 36.15 | |||||||||||
| Granted | 181,403 | 17.10 | ||||||||||||
| Vested | (192,204) | 39.70 | ||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (23,308) | 34.48 | ||||||||||||
| Non-vested, December 31, 2021 | 415,494 | $ | 26.29 | |||||||||||
The following table shows the weighted-average grant date fair value for shares granted and the total fair value of shares vested during the years indicated:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 17.10 | $ | 27.39 | $ | 38.64 | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value of shares vested (in thousands) | $ | 7,630 | $ | 7,480 | $ | 9,273 | ||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock Subject to Service and Performance Conditions
Under the Plan, certain key employees were provided agreements for grants of restricted shares that vest over multiple year periods subject to achieving annual performance goals established by the Compensation Committee of Westwood’s Board of Directors. Each year the Compensation Committee establishes specific goals for that year’s vesting of the restricted shares. The date that the Compensation Committee establishes annual goals is considered to be the grant date and the fair value measurement date to determine expense on the shares that are likely to vest. The vesting period ends when the Compensation Committee formally approves the performance-based restricted stock vesting based on the specific performance goals from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements. If a portion of the performance-based restricted shares does not vest, no compensation expense is recognized for that portion and any previously recognized compensation expense related to shares that do not vest is reversed.
The following table details the status and changes in our restricted stock grants subject to service and performance conditions for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Non-vested, January 1, 2021 | 45,700 | $ | 45.58 | |||||||||||
| Vested | (28,962) | 31.54 | ||||||||||||
| Non-vested, December 31, 2021 | 16,738 | $ | 41.97 | |||||||||||
The following table shows the weighted-average grant date fair value for shares granted and the total fair value of shares vested during the years indicated:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37.90 | ||||||||||||||
| Fair value of shares vested (in thousands) | $ | 913 | $ | 1,944 | $ | 4,515 | ||||||||||||||
Canadian Plan
19
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
As discussed in Note 2, the Canadian Plan provided compensation in the form of common stock for services performed by employees of Westwood International Advisors. On July 27, 2020, Westwood’s Board of Directors approved the closure of Westwood International Advisors, effective September 30, 2020.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the trust formed pursuant to the Canadian Plan purchased 27,474 Westwood common shares in the open market for approximately $0.7 million. The subsequent closure of the Westwood International Advisors office resulted in forfeitures of 56,625 shares, which reduced the Company's expenses by $1.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock grants under the Canadian Plan.
Mutual Fund Share Incentive Awards
We may grant mutual fund incentive awards, which are annual bonus awards based on our mutual funds achieving specific performance goals, to specific employees. Awards granted are notionally credited to a participant account maintained by us that contains a number of mutual fund shares equal to the award amount divided by the net closing value of a fund share on the date the amount is credited to the account. We maintain the award in a corporate investment account until vesting. The investment may increase or decrease based on changes in the value of the mutual fund shares awarded, including reinvested income from the mutual funds during the vesting period. Unvested mutual fund awards are included under "Investments, at fair value" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Awards vest after approximately two years of service following the year in which the participant earned the award. We begin accruing a liability for mutual fund incentive awards when we believe it is probable that the award will be earned and record expense for these awards over the service period of the award. During the year in which the amount of the award is determined, we record expense based on its expected value. After the award is earned, we record expense based on the value of the shares awarded and the percentage of the vesting period that has elapsed. Our liability under these awards may increase or decrease based on changes in the value of the mutual fund shares awarded, including reinvested income from the mutual funds during the vesting period. Upon vesting, participants receive the value of the mutual fund share awards adjusted for earnings or losses attributable to the underlying mutual funds. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded expense of $0.4 million related to mutual fund share incentive awards, and we had a corresponding accrued liability of $0.4 million at December 31, 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, mutual fund share incentive award activity was insignificant.
Benefit Plans
Westwood has a defined contribution and profit-sharing plan that was adopted in July 2002 and covers substantially all employees. Discretionary employer profit-sharing contributions become fully vested after four years of service by the participant. For U.S. employees, Westwood provides a 401(k) match of up to 6% of eligible compensation. For Westwood International Advisors employees, Westwood provided a Registered Retirement Savings Plan match of up to 6% of eligible compensation. Westwood International Advisors was closed effective September 30, 2020. Both retirement plan matching contributions vest immediately.
The following table displays our profit-sharing and retirement plan contributions for the periods presented (in thousands):
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Profit-sharing contributions, net | $ | 13 | $ | (233) | $ | 31 | ||||||||||||||
| Retirement plan matching contributions | 1,256 | 1,410 | 1,597 | |||||||||||||||||
8. INCOME TAXES:
Income Tax Provision
Income (loss) before income taxes by jurisdiction was as follows (in thousands):
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 13,989 | $ | (5,861) | $ | 10,237 | |||||||||||
| Canada | 14 | (1,727) | (835) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 14,003 | $ | (7,588) | $ | 9,402 | |||||||||||
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Income tax expense differs from the amount that would otherwise have been calculated by applying the U.S. Federal corporate tax rate of 21% to income before income taxes. The difference between the Federal corporate tax rate and the effective tax rate is comprised of the following (in thousands). In 2021, we recast certain prior year income tax expense components.
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision computed at US federal statutory rate | $ | 2,935 | 21.0 | % | $ | (1,593) | 21.0 | % | $ | 1,974 | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| State and local income taxes, net of federal income taxes | 372 | 2.7 | 91 | (1.2) | 512 | 5.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amended state returns | — | — | (555) | 7.3 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 859 | 6.1 | 683 | (9.0) | 594 | 6.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax on repatriation | — | — | 1,378 | (18.1) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible currency losses | — | — | 910 | (12.0) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment expense | — | — | 398 | (5.2) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation subject to Section 162(m) | 180 | 1.3 | 42 | (0.6) | 140 | 1.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other, net | (106) | (0.8) | 5 | (0.1) | 271 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | 4,240 | 30.3 | % | $ | 1,359 | (17.9) | % | $ | 3,491 | 37.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 30.3 | % | (17.9) | % | 37.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We include penalties and interest on income-based taxes in the “General and administrative” line on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Penalties and interest were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021 2020, and 2019.
Income tax expense as set forth in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) consisted of the following components (in thousands):
| Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Current taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | $ | 3,482 | $ | 1,350 | $ | 424 | |||||||||||
| State and local | 356 | (534) | 350 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | (218) | (211) | (189) | ||||||||||||||
| Total current taxes | 3,620 | 605 | 585 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | 446 | 500 | 2,619 | ||||||||||||||
| State and local | 30 | 44 | 222 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 144 | 210 | 65 | ||||||||||||||
| Total deferred taxes | 620 | 754 | 2,906 | ||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense | $ | 4,240 | $ | 1,359 | $ | 3,491 | |||||||||||
Deferred Income Taxes
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below (in thousands).
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 893 | $ | 1,685 | ||||||||||
| Deferred rent | 1,344 | 1,734 | ||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits payable | 1,946 | 1,617 | ||||||||||||
| Federal unrecognized tax benefit | 5 | 38 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred compensation | 171 | — | ||||||||||||
| Other | 11 | — | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 4,370 | 5,074 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | (223) | (429) | ||||||||||||
| Intangibles | (1,256) | (907) | ||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains on investments | (790) | (585) | ||||||||||||
| Leases | (1,232) | (1,548) | ||||||||||||
| Other | (21) | (137) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (3,522) | (3,606) | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 848 | $ | 1,468 | ||||||||||
The Company is subject to taxation in the U. S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s 2018, 2019 and 2020 tax years are open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and various state and foreign jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination.
At December 31, 2021, the Company's gross liability related to uncertain tax positions was de minimis. At December 31, 2020, the Company's gross liability related to uncertain tax positions was $0.2 million. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is finally resolved. To the extent that the Company has favorable tax settlements, or determines that accrued amounts are no longer needed due to a lapse in the applicable statute of limitations or other changes in circumstances, such liabilities, as well as the related interest and penalties, are reversed as a reduction of income tax expense, net of federal tax effects, in the period such determination is made. A reconciliation of the change in recorded uncertain tax positions during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands):
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 184 | |||
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 1 | ||||
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (1) | ||||
| Settlements | (5) | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 179 | ||||
| Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 10 | ||||
| Reductions for tax positions related to prior years | (164) | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 25 | |||
It is reasonably possible that the liability for uncertain tax positions could be eliminated within the next twelve months as a result of settlements with certain taxing authorities that, if recognized, would decrease our provision for income taxes accordingly.
9. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of any dilutive shares of restricted stock granted to employees and non-
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
employee directors. There were approximately 116,000, 381,000 and 76,000 anti-dilutive restricted shares as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share and share amounts):
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 9,763 | $ | (8,947) | $ | 5,911 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | 7,875,395 | 7,987,554 | 8,408,017 | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive potential shares from unvested restricted shares | 52,577 | — | 55,222 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | 7,927,972 | 7,987,554 | 8,463,239 | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.24 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.23 | $ | (1.12) | $ | 0.70 | ||||||||||||||
10. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired assets over the fair value of the underlying identifiable assets at the date of acquisition. Changes in goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 16,401 | $ | 19,804 | ||||||||||
| Impairment expense | — | (3,403) | ||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 16,401 | $ | 16,401 | ||||||||||
Following a sustained decline in the Company's market capitalization, we determined in 2020 that the entire goodwill related to our Advisory segment was impaired, and recorded charges of $3.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 to "Impairment expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
We determined the fair value of each of our reporting units using a weighted average approach of the market and income approaches. As part of the 2020 Advisory reporting unit assessment, we determined that an increase in the discount rate (from the prior assessment) applied in the valuation was required to align with market-based assumptions. The higher discount rate, in conjunction with revised long-term projections resulted in a lower fair value of the Advisory segment.
Other Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets represent the acquisition date fair value of acquired client relationships, internally-developed software and trade names, and are reflected net of amortization. In valuing these assets, we made significant estimates regarding their useful lives, growth rates and potential attrition.
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except years):
Weighted Average Amortization Period (years) | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Client relationships | 14.8 | $ | 21,431 | $ | (10,216) | $ | 11,215 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Internally developed software | 5.8 | 1,439 | (743) | 696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 22,870 | $ | (10,959) | $ | 11,911 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Client relationships | 14.8 | $ | 21,431 | $ | (8,850) | $ | 12,581 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Internally developed software | 5.8 | 1,439 | (485) | 954 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 22,870 | $ | (9,335) | $ | 13,535 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense, which is included in “General and administrative” expense on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets over the next five years is as follows (in thousands):
| For the year ending December 31, | Estimated Amortization Expense | |||||||
| 2022 | $ | 1,623 | ||||||
| 2023 | $ | 1,604 | ||||||
| 2024 | $ | 1,529 | ||||||
| 2025 | $ | 1,372 | ||||||
| 2026 | $ | 1,359 | ||||||
11. LEASES:
We have operating leases for corporate offices and certain office equipment. The lease terms of our corporate offices vary and have remaining lease terms ranging from one to six years. The corporate office lease payments are fixed and are based upon contractual monthly rates. The majority of our corporate office leases do not include options to extend or terminate the leases. We lease office equipment for a period of two years. We analyzed our weighted average discount rate during the calculation of our lease liability and reviewed the corporate debt environment in 2019 to determine a collateralized discount rate of 5%. We have not entered into any significant new operating leases since the determination to use a 5% discount rate.
In 2021, we sublet approximately 15,000 square feet of our Dallas, Texas office space to third parties. Those agreements began in 2021 and provides for monthly rent of approximately $40,000 through the fourth quarter of 2025. In February 2021 we terminated our Toronto, Ontario office space lease that was originally expiring in October 2021.
The following table presents the components of lease costs related to our leases (amounts in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | 1,655 | $ | 2,033 | $ | 1,796 | |||||||||||
| Sublease income | 602 | 135 | 144 | ||||||||||||||
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to our leases (amounts in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 1,990 | $ | 2,091 | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | $ | — | $ | 59 | $ | — | |||||||||||
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Operating lease costs are included in "General and administrative" expense on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). We lease our offices under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with expiration dates that run through 2026.
The following table presents information regarding our operating leases (in thousands, except years and rates):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 4,868 | $ | 6,103 | |||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | $ | 1,409 | $ | 1,718 | |||||||
| Non-current lease liabilities | 4,724 | 6,121 | |||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 6,133 | $ | 7,839 | |||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) | 4.1 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 5.0 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||
The maturities of lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| Year ending December 31, | Operating Leases | ||||
| 2022 | $ | 1,730 | |||
| 2023 | 1,733 | ||||
| 2024 | 1,563 | ||||
| 2025 | 1,528 | ||||
| 2026 | 331 | ||||
| Total undiscounted lease payments | $ | 6,885 | |||
| Less: discount | (752) | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 6,133 | |||
12. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS:
Property and Equipment
The following table reflects information about our property and equipment as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | 4,956 | $ | 5,385 | ||||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 2,590 | 2,728 | ||||||||||||
| Computer hardware and office equipment | 3,205 | 3,129 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | (8,637) | (8,056) | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 2,114 | $ | 3,186 | ||||||||||
Contract Asset
We record a contract asset when we have a right to payment from a customer that is conditioned on events other than the passage of time. Contract assets are included in Other current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
following table reflects our contract asset balances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Contract assets | $ | 140 | $ | 429 | ||||||||||
Refer to Note 3, “Revenue” for our revenues from contract assets.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| Payments due in: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 4-5 years | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase obligations | $ | 9,974 | $ | 4,466 | $ | 4,732 | $ | 776 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
14. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS:
Westwood Trust must maintain cash and investments in an amount equal to the required minimum restricted capital of $4.0 million as required by the Texas Finance Code. Restricted capital is included in Investments in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2021, Westwood Trust had approximately $14.2 million in excess of its minimum capital requirement.
Westwood Trust is limited under applicable Texas law in the payment of dividends of undivided profits, which is that part of equity capital equal to the balance of net profits, income, gains and losses since formation minus subsequent distributions to stockholders and transfers to surplus or capital under share dividends or appropriate Board resolutions. At the discretion of its Board of Directors, Westwood Trust may make quarterly and special dividend payments, or other distributions, to Westwood out of its undivided profits. No dividend payments were made in 2021, 2020 or 2019.
15. CONCENTRATION:VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES:
As discussed in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” the CTFs and Private Funds (together the “Westwood VIEs”) are considered VIEs, and the Westwood Funds® and Private Equity are considered VOEs (together the “Westwood VOEs”). We receive fees for managing assets in these entities commensurate with market rates. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we evaluated all of the Westwood VIEs and Westwood VOEs to determine whether or not we should consolidate the entities into our Consolidated Financial Statements. For the Westwood VIEs, we evaluated whether or not we qualify as the primary beneficiary based on whether we have the obligation to absorb significant losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. For the Westwood VOEs, we evaluated whether or not we own a controlling financial interest in the entities. Based on our analyses, we have not consolidated the Westwood VIEs or Westwood VOEs into our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020.
We have not otherwise provided any financial support that we were not previously contractually obligated to provide and there are no arrangements that would require us to provide additional financial support to any of these entities. Our seed investments in the Westwood Funds® are accounted for as investments in accordance with our other investments described in Note 5 “Investments.”
We recognized fee revenue from the Westwood VIEs and Westwood VOEs of approximately $22.8 million, $19.3 million and $31.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
26
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The following table displays the AUM, the amount of our seed investments that are included in “Investments” and “Investments, at fair value” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the financial risk of loss in each vehicle (in millions):
| As of December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Assets Under Management | Corporate Investment | Amount at Risk | ||||||||||||||||||
| VIEs/VOEs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Westwood Funds® | $ | 3,046 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
| Common Trust Funds | 886 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Private Funds | 4 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Private Equity | — | $ | 8.9 | $ | 8.9 | |||||||||||||||
| All other assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wealth Management | 3,530 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Institutional | 7,037 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total AUM | $ | 14,503 | ||||||||||||||||||
16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
Some of our directors, executive officers and their affiliates invest personal funds directly in trust accounts that we manage. At both December 31, 2021 and at December 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.1 million in fees due from these accounts. For each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162021, 2020 and 2015,2019, we recorded trust fees from these accounts of $0.4 million.
One director serves as a consultant to the Company under a consulting agreement for which we recorded expenses of $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The Company engages in transactions with its affiliates as part of its operations. Westwood International Advisors (prior to its closure, effective September 30, 2020) and Westwood Management provide investment advisory services to the UCITS Fund (prior to its liquidation in June 2020) and the Westwood Funds®. Certain members of our management served on the board of directors of the UCITS Fund before its liquidation. Under the terms of the investment advisory agreements, the Company earned quarterly fees paid by clients of the fund or by the funds directly. The fees are based on negotiated fee schedules applied to AUM. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not record any fees from the affiliated Funds. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded fees from the affiliated Funds of $0.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, which are included in “Asset-based advisory fees” on our Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, all of these fees had been collected.
17. CONCENTRATION:
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our ten largest clients respectively, accounted for approximately 20%22% of our fee revenue. For each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, our ten largest clients accounted for approximately 24% of our fee revenue. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our fee revenues in any of these years. The following table presents advisory fee revenue received from our single largest client in each year (in thousands):
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory fees from our largest client: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset-based fees | $ | 2,682 | $ | 1,940 | $ | 1,863 | ||||||||||||||
| Performance-based fees | — | 1,607 | 764 | |||||||||||||||||
| Percent of fee revenue | 3.7 | % | 5.5 | % | 3.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||
| Advisory fees from our largest client: | ||||||||||||
| Asset-based fees | $ | 6,312 | $ | 4,872 | $ | 2,109 | ||||||
| Performance-based fees | — | — | 2,206 | |||||||||
| Percent of fee revenue | 4.8 | % | 4.0 | % | 3.3 | % | ||||||
Dividends Declared
27
WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
On February 9, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share of common stock payable on April 1, 2022 to stockholders of record on March 4, 2022.
On March 2, 2022 we issued approximately $6.3 million of restricted stock to employees, or approximately 380,000 shares based on the closing price of our stock on February 23, 2022. The shares are subject to vesting conditions described in Note 7 “Employee Benefits” of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.
19. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited):
The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 20172021 and 20162020 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Quarter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 18,319 | $ | 17,484 | $ | 17,860 | $ | 19,391 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 7,014 | 1,416 | 2,360 | 3,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 4,101 | 970 | 1,879 | 2,813 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | 0.52 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 0.52 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 16,669 | $ | 15,875 | $ | 15,454 | $ | 17,113 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (1) | (1,817) | (8,318) | 2,548 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 1,102 | (2,575) | (10,289) | 2,815 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share | 0.13 | (0.33) | (1.31) | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | 0.13 | (0.33) | (1.31) | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
28
| Quarter | ||||||||||||||||
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | |||||||||||||
| 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 32,623 | $ | 33,756 | $ | 33,492 | $ | 33,914 | ||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 7,770 | 10,583 | 5,752 | 9,788 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 6,064 | 6,896 | 4,132 | 2,897 | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.51 | 0.35 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 0.73 | 0.83 | 0.49 | 0.34 | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 29,129 | $ | 31,023 | $ | 31,777 | $ | 31,092 | ||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 5,646 | 8,512 | 9,053 | 10,799 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 3,522 | 5,661 | 5,887 | 7,577 | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.95 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 0.44 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.92 | ||||||||||||
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibits | |||||||
2.1 | ||||||||
| 2.2 | ||||||||
3.1 | ||||||||
3.1.1 | ||||||||
| 3.1.2 | ||||||||
| 3.1.3 | ||||||||
3.2 | ||||||||
| 3.2.1 | ||||||||
| 3.2.2 | ||||||||
4.1 | ||||||||
10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||
| 10.3.1 | ||||||||
| 10.3.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3.3 | ||||||||
| 10.3.4 | ||||||||
| 10.3.5 | ||||||||
| 10.3.6 | ||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibits | |||||||
| 10.3.7 | ||||||||
| 10.3.8 | ||||||||
| 10.5 | ||||||||
| 10.6+ | ||||||||
| 10.7+ | ||||||||
| 10.8+ | ||||||||
| 10.9+ | ||||||||
| 10.10+ | ||||||||
| 10.11+ | ||||||||
| 10.12+ | ||||||||
| 10.13+ | ||||||||
| 10.14+ | ||||||||
| 10.20+ | ||||||||
| 10.21+ | ||||||||
| 21.1 | ||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibits | |||||||
| 23.1* | ||||||||
| 24.1* | ||||||||
| 31.1* | ||||||||
| 31.2* | ||||||||
| 32.1# | ||||||||
| 32.2# | ||||||||
* Filed herewith.
+ Indicates management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement. # Pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of SEC Regulation S-K, these exhibits are furnished rather than filed with this Report. |
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