UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20222023
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from _________ to __________
Commission File Number: 001-36894
SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 20-5338862 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
1 HaMada Street | ||
Herziliya Pituach, Israel | 4673335 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | |
972 (9) 957-6620
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share | SEDG | NASDAQ (Global Select Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or “emerging growth company”. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):Act:
☒ Large accelerated filer | ☐ Accelerated filer | ☐ Non-accelerated filer | ☐ Smaller reporting company | |||
☐ Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2022,2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximatelyapproximately $15.1 billion (assuming that the registrant’s only affiliates are its officers, directors and non-institutional 10% stockholders) based upon the closing market price on that date of $273.68$269.05 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
As of February 10, 2023,1, 2024, there were 56,146,60857,126,023 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Part III of this report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2023,2024, which definitive proxy statement shall be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the annual period to which this report relates.
FISCAL YEAR FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in “Item 1. Business,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” and “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”. This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, technology developments, new products and services, financing and investment plans, competitive position, industry and regulatory environment, effects of acquisitions, growth opportunities, and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements include statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “seek,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.
Forward-looking statements inherently involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking and other statements regarding our sustainability efforts and aspirations are not an indication that these statements are necessarily material to investors or requiring disclosure in our filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, historical, current and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve and assumptions that are subject to change in the future, including future rule-making. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include those discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including:
| • | future demand for renewable energy including solar energy solutions; |
| • | our ability to forecast demand for our products accurately and to match production to such demand as well as our customers' ability to forecast demand based on inventory levels; |
| • | macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, rising interest rates and recessionary concerns; |
| • | the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or alternative energy sources; |
| • | interest rates and supply of capital in the global financial markets in general and in the solar market specifically; |
| • | competition, including introductions of power optimizer, inverter and solar photovoltaic (“PV”) system monitoring products by our competitors; |
| • | developments in alternative technologies or improvements in distributed solar energy generation; |
| • | historic cyclicality of the solar industry and periodic downturns; |
| • | product quality or performance problems in our products; |
| • | shortages, delays, price changes, or cessation of operations or production affecting our suppliers of key components; |
| • | delays, disruptions, and quality control problems in manufacturing; |
| • | our dependence upon a small number of outside contract manufacturers and limited or single source suppliers; |
| • | capacity constraints, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, and costs of our contract manufacturers and availability of components; |
| • | disruption in our global supply chain and rising prices of oil and raw materials as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; |
| • | performance of distributors and large installers in selling our products; |
| • | consolidation in the solar industry among our customers and distributors; |
| • | our ability to manage effectively the growth of our organization and expansion into new markets; |
| • | Our ability to recognize expected benefits from restructuring plans |
| • | any unauthorized access to, disclosure, or theft of personal information or unauthorized access to our network or other similar cyber incidents; |
| • | our ability to integrate acquired businesses; |
| • | disruption to our business operations due to the evolving state of war in Israel and political conditions related to the Israeli government's plans to significantly reduce the Israeli Supreme Court's judicial oversight; |
| • | our dependence on ocean transportation to timely deliver our products in a cost-effective manner; |
| • | fluctuations in global currency exchange rates; |
| • | the impact of evolving legal and regulatory requirements related to emerging environmental, social and governance requirements; |
| • | existing and future responses to and effects of pandemics, epidemics or other health crises; |
| • | changes to net metering policies or the reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar energy applications; |
| • | federal, state, and local regulations governing the electric utility industry with respect to solar energy; |
| • | changes in tax laws, tax treaties, and regulations or the interpretation of them, including the Inflation Reduction Act; |
| • | changes in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs; |
| • | our ability to maintain our brand and to protect and defend our intellectual property; |
| • | volatility of our stock price; |
| • | our customers’ financial stability, creditworthiness and debt leverage ratio; |
| • | our ability to retain key personnel and attract additional qualified personnel; |
| • | our ability to effectively design, launch, market, and sell new generations of our products and services; |
| • | our ability to retain, and events affecting, our major customers; |
| • | our ability to service our debt; and |
| • | the other factors set forth under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” |
The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
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PART I
ITEM 11. Business. Business
Introduction
We are a leading provider of an optimized inverter solution that changed the way power is harvested and managed in photovoltaic (also known as PV) systems. Our direct current or DC,(“DC”), optimized inverter system maximizes power generation while lowering the cost of energy produced by the PV system for improved return on investment, or ROI. Additional benefits of the DC optimized inverter system include: comprehensive and advanced safety features, improved design flexibility, efficient integration (DC coupled) with SolarEdge storage solutions, and improved operation and maintenance, or O&M, with remote monitoring at the module-level. The typical SolarEdge DC optimized inverter system consists of inverters, Power Optimizers, a communication device which enables access to a cloud-based monitoring platformMonitoring Platform and, in many cases, a battery and additional smart energy management solutions.solutions and devices, such as EV chargers and load controllers. As part of our hardware sales, we also provide the energy management software which controls, manages and optimizes the energy production, storage and use of energy generated by our systems. Our solutions address a broad range of solar market segments, from residential solar installations to commercial and small utility scale solar installations. Since we began commercial shipments in 2010, we have shipped approximately 40.052.6 gigawatts (“GW”) of our DC optimized inverter systems and our products have been installed in solar PVPV systems in 133 countriesover 140 countries..
Since introducing the DC optimized inverter solution in 2010, SolarEdge has expanded its activity to other areas of smart energy technology, both through organic growth and through acquisitions. By leveraging world-class engineering capabilities and with a relentless focus on innovation, SolarEdge now offers energy solutions whichthat include primarily the hardware technology used in residential, commercial, and small scale utility PV systems and also includeproduct offerings in the areas of energy storage systems, or ESS, including manufacturing of lithium-ion cells and batteries, smart trackers for solar panels, EV chargers, home backup systems, electric vehicle, or EV, components and charging capabilities, homecommercial energy management software, grid services and software platforms and applications that enable development of virtual power plants, or VPPs, and lithium-ion batteries.VPPs.
We primarily sell our products indirectly to thousands of solar installers through large distributors and electrical equipment wholesalers and directly to large solar installers and engineering, procurement, and construction firms, or EPCs. Our customers include leading providers of solar PV systems to residential and commercial end users, key solar distributors, and electrical equipment wholesalers, as well as several PV module manufacturers that offer PV modules integrated with our Power Optimizers referred to as "smart modules".wholesalers.
The SolarEdge Solution. Our DC optimized inverter system maximizes power generation at the individual PV module level while lowering the cost of energy produced by the solar PV system, providing module-level visibility, and enabling advanced, multilayer safety features. Our solution consists of inverters, Power Optimizers, a communication device which enables access to our cloud-based monitoring platform to address a broad range of solar market segments, from residential solar to commercial and small utility-scale solar installations. Additional smart energy features and hardware that can be added to our solution include a battery pack for energy storage and a home energy automation system, which enables greater savings for the system owner.
The key advantages of our solution over a traditional string inverter PV system include:
| • | Maximized PV module power output. Our Power Optimizers provide module-level, |
| • | Optimized architecture with economies of scale. Our system shifts certain functions of the traditional inverter to our Power Optimizers while keeping the DC to AC function and grid interaction in our inverter. As a result, our inverter is smaller, more efficient and more reliable |
| • | Enhanced system design flexibility. Unlike a traditional inverter system that requires each string to be the same length, use the same type of PV modules and be positioned at the same angle toward the sun, our system allows significant design flexibility by enabling the installer to place PV modules in uneven string lengths and on multiple roof facets. This design |
| • | Reduced balance of system (BoS) costs. Our DC optimized inverter system allows significantly longer strings to be connected to the same inverter (as compared to a traditional inverter system). This |
| • | Continuous monitoring and control to reduce operation and maintenance costs. Our cloud-based monitoring platform provides full data visibility at the module level, string level, inverter level and system level. The data can be accessed remotely by any web-enabled device, allowing comprehensive analysis, immediate fault detection and alerts. These monitoring features reduce O&M costs for the system owner by identifying and locating faults, enabling remote testing and reducing field visits. |
| • | Enhanced safety. We have incorporated module-level safety mechanisms in our system to protect installers, electricians and firefighters. Each Power Optimizer is configured to reduce output to 1 volt unless the Power Optimizer receives a fail-safe signal from a functioning inverter. As a result, if the inverter is shut down (e.g., for system maintenance, due to malfunction, in the event of a fire or otherwise), the DC voltage throughout the system is reduced to a safe level. Our DC optimized inverters comply with the applicable safety requirements of the regions in which they are sold, providing incremental cost savings to installers by eliminating the need for additional hardware such as DC breakers, switches or fire-proof ducts required by traditional inverter systems. In the U.S., the SolarEdge SafeDC feature is compliant with NEC 2014 & NEC 2017 Rapid Shutdown functionality, |
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| • | High reliability. Solar PV systems are typically expected to operate for at least 25 years under harsh outdoor conditions. High reliability is critical and is facilitated by systems and components that have low heat generation, solid and stable materials, and an absence of moving parts. We have designed our system to meet these stringent requirements. Our Power |
| • | DC Coupling with Energy Storage. Our DC optimized inverter system allows solar energy to be directly stored in batteries without any conversion, referred to as DC coupling, thereby eliminating energy losses that are associated with such |
| • | Energy Management. |
| • | Distributed Energy Generation. As the electric grid transitions from centralized power stations to a network of distributed, renewable energy sources, our inverter |
Our PV Solar ProductsProduct Offering
SolarEdge Power Optimizer. Our DC Power Optimizer which forms an integral part of our DC optimized inverter system is a highly reliable and efficient DC-to-DC converter which is either connected by installers to each PV module or embedded by PV module manufacturers into their modules as part of the manufacturing process of Smart Modules.process. Our Power Optimizer increases energy output from the PV module to which it is connected by continuously tracking the Maximum Power Point or MPP of each module and controlling its production point. The Power Optimizer’s ability to track the MPP of each PV module and its ability to increase or decrease its output voltage enablingenables the inverter’s input voltage to remain fixed under a large variety of string configurations. This feature enhances the flexibility in PV system design,designs, enabling use of different string lengths in a single PV system connected to the same inverter, use of PV modules situated on multiple orientations connected to the same inverter, and mixing differentusing varied PV module types and brands in the same string. In addition, our Power Optimizers monitor the performance of each PV module and communicate this data to our inverter using our proprietary power line communication. In turn, the inverter transmits this information to our monitoring server. Each Power Optimizer is equipped with our proprietary safety mechanism which automatically reduces the output voltage of each PV module to 1 volt unless the Power Optimizer receives a fail-safe signal from a functioning inverter. As a result, if the inverter is shut down (e.g., for system maintenance, due to malfunction, in the event of a fire or otherwise), the system is designed to reduce the DC voltage to a safe level.
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Our Power Optimizers are designed to withstand high temperatures and harsh environmental conditions and contain multiple bypass features that localize faultsfailures and enable continued system operation in the vast majority of cases of Power Optimizer failure. Our Power Optimizers are compatible with the vast majority ofmost modules on the market today and carry a 25-year product warranty. Our Power Optimizers are designed to be used with our inverters to provide power optimization. Monitoring and safety features can also be achieved with third party inverters by adding supplemental communications hardware. During the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, the year ended December 31, 20212022 and the year ended December 31, 2020,2021, revenues derived from the sale of power optimizersPower Optimizers represented 30.3%, 36.5%, and 42.2% and 42.9% of total revenues, respectively.
SolarEdge Inverter. Our DC-to-AC inverters which form an integral part of our DC optimized inverter systems, contain sophisticated digital control technology with efficient power conversion architecture resulting in superior solar power harvesting and high reliability, and are designed to work exclusively with our DC Power Optimizers. A proprietary power line communication receiver is integrated into each inverter, receiving data from our power optimizers,Power Optimizers, storing this data and transmitting it to our monitoring server when an internet connection exists. Since each string which is equipped with our power optimizersPower Optimizers provides fixed input voltage to our inverter, the inverter is able to operate at its highest efficiencyefficient at all times and therefore is more cost effective, energy efficient and reliable.
Like our power optimizers,Power Optimizers, our inverters are designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Since the power rating of an inverter determines how many PV modules it can serve, larger installations require inverters with higher power ratings. We currently offer a single-phase inverterinverters designed to address the residential market (1(3 kilowatt (“kW”) to 11.4 kW) which is based on our HD-Wave technology and a three-phase inverterinverters designed to address the residential market in certain European countries and Australia, as well as the commercial marketmarkets (4 kW to 120 kW), and three-phase inverters designed to address the ground mount market (300kW to 330kW). Our single-phase inverters support a range ofIn 2023, SolarEdge released the 330kW inverter coupled with new H-Series Power Optimizers for distributed and centralized inverter configurations. This inverter is designed for small-scale utility installations, agriculture or Agri-PV sites that harvest crops and solar energy on the same farmland, and Community Solar installations which bring smart energy capabilities. In 2020, we launched the SolarEdge Energy Hub invertersavings to households, businesses and home backup solution for the U.S. residential market.public organizations.
Storage Solutions. The SolarEdge Energy Hub inverter contains built-in consumption monitoring, embedded revenue-grade production metering, integrated arc fault protection, rapid shutdown and is battery ready. In 2021, we launched the new SolarEdge Energy Hub inverter models ranging from 7.6 kW up to 11.4 kW PV power and 10.3 kW backup power. Both the SolarEdge Energy Hub inverter and the SolarEdge Home Battery described below, are part of the new SolarEdge full residential solution, the “SolarEdge Home”, an intelligent smart energy management system that allows homeowners to better manage and monitor solar energy production, consumption and backup storage in real time.
With the SolarEdge backup solution, unused solar PV power is stored in a battery and can be used during a power outage poweringto power essential sourcesdevices such as refrigerators, and freezers, communication devices, lighting, and AC outlets.outlets for anywhere from several hours to many days, depending on use of loads and available sunlight during the outage.
EV Chargers. SolarEdge sells EV chargers for residential applications which allow the homeowner to redirect excess PV energy to power their electric vehicles. This enables consumer to increase their self-consumption of clean energy. The SolarEdge ONE smart energy optimization system can be programmed to automatically charge the vehicle using the most advantageous and economical times and rates.
Smart Energy Products. As the solar energy industry has evolved, SolarEdge has developed innovative solutions to further enhance smart energy technology, including inverters that include compatibility with batteries for increased self-consumption for backup, backup interfaces devices, smart meters, smart energy management devices (sockets, hot water controllers, wireless relay) and smart PV modules. This product expansion has enabled us to increase average the revenue per installation, or ARPI.
Smart Trackers. Our proprietary monitoring platform provides visibility intoSolarGik smart PV tracker is optimized for installations on constrained and sloped terrains, eliminating the battery's status,need for costly grading and construction. Our trackers come with advanced software that is designed to optimize production, predict weather changes, maximize bifacial gains and respond to remote commands. The tracker solutions are light weight, which allows them to be installed not only in regular ground mount projects, but also on rooftops, greenhouses, carports and agricultural fields.
Smart Energy Management. We have developed smart energy management software and capabilities that are offered with our hardware solutions and enable system owners to store solar energy at cost-effective times, and also control the timing of their PV energy consumption in order to increase their energy independence, take advantage of lower time-of-use rates, reduce electricity bills, and improve overall system ROI.
In 2023, we launched the SolarEdge Home smart energy ecosystem which enables homeowners to control and optimize their energy production, consumption and storage with mySolarEdge app. SolarEdge Home manages the home’s production and self-consumption, while offering easy maintenance with remote accessusage 24 hours a day, 7 days a week through the SolarEdge ONE energy optimization system which analyzes a variety of external and internal data to inverterminimize electricity costs and battery software. Multiplemaximize savings. In addition to SolarEdge Power Optimizers, inverters and batteries, can be connected to a single SolarEdge Home Hub inverter, adding more available power to backup additional significant loads, such as air-conditioners, water heatershas capabilities enabling integration with SolarEdge Home batteries, EV chargers, load controls and EV chargers. In addition, SolarEdge inverters can be connected to third party batteries viadevices, to monitor and optimize the SolarEdge StorEdge solution, where batteries can perform both maximum self- consumptionhome energy production and backup functions.usage. The features are thus far available in the United States, in Germany and are being released elsewhere around the world over time.
In addition, in April 2023, we completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Hark Systems Ltd. ("Hark"), a UK-based energy IoT company for the commercial and industrial ("C&I") sector. Hark's platform is designed to enable commercial and industrial customers expanded capabilities in energy management and connectivity, including identification of potential energy savings, detection of anomalies in assets’ energy consumption, and optimization of energy usage and carbon emissions through load orchestration and storage control.
SolarEdge Software.Software Solutions. We offer a variety of professional software tools to support the complete PV planning, installation, monitoring and maintenance processes:processes of our DC optimized inverter solutions:
Designer platform. Our designer platform is a proprietary web-based tool that helps solar professionals plan, build and validate residential and commercial systems from inception to installation.
Mapper application. The mapper application provides SolarEdge installers with an efficient, streamlined process for registering the physical layout of new PV sites installed with SolarEdge DC optimized inverter systems in the SolarEdge Monitoring Platform. Installers can use the Mapper application to scan SolarEdge Power Optimizer and SolarEdge inverter barcodes, creating a virtual map of the PV site in the monitoring platform which can later help facilitate remote diagnostics thereby enabling enhanced customer support and reducing maintenance costs for installers and SolarEdge system owners.
SetApp application.The SetApp application is used to activate and configure SolarEdge inverters during commissioning directly through a smartphone, in order to simplify and expedite installations.
Grid Services. As the use of PV and storage continuescontinue to proliferate around the world, energy production is transitioning from a centralized system to a distributed network model, where energy is produced close to the location in which it is consumed and stored. This model creates an opportunity for new interconnected and decentralized energy networks offering improved grid reliability and stability, new energy services,service and the reduction of grid infrastructure costs. SolarEdge grid services deliver near real-time aggregative control and data reporting, enabling the pooling of distributed energy resources — PV- photovoltaic systems, battery storage and electric vehicle chargers and loads — in the cloud for the creation of virtual power plants ("VPP")(VPP). The SolarEdge grid services and VPP solution provide sophisticated management platforms to enable near real-time, aggregated control of available energy resources to meet ever-changing supply needs and demand. Our distributed energy resources management system or DERMS application and application program interfaces ("APIs")(APIs) are used by utilities for countering peak demand events.events and participating in various electricity markets. In 2022,2023, SolarEdge continued to generate revenues from sellingsell grid services in the U.S., Europe and Australia, including services provided to independent system operators, energy retailers, national installers and others.
Our lithium-ion technology packs high energy density into small footprints and supports high c-rate power throughputs, without compromising the calendar and cycle life of the battery.
SolarEdge’s ESS solutions are used in different fields, such as stationary energy storage (EV charging, utility, commercial or industrial), energy storage in transportation (trains, trams and marine-based transportation), different engineering, procurement and construction projects in the grid and C&I energy space, and more.
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Product Roadmap
Our products in the solar segment reflect the innovation focus and capabilities of our technology departments as well as the importance we place on creating value for our customers. Our core solar product roadmap is divided into five categories: Power Optimizers, inverters, software energy storage,which supports our DC optimized inverter systems, batteries for PV applications, and smart energy management.
Power Optimizers. We currently sell our third and fourth generations of Power Optimizers (P-Series and S-Series, respectively) which were designed for fully automated assembly and are based on our third and fourth generation ASICs, respectively. We have launched H1300, a Gen 4 based power optimizer, as a part of the SolarEdge 330kW inverter solution. This is our first optimizer equipped with high frequency DC power line communications technology which allows communication with larger numbers of optimizers for ground mount applications as well as improved remote software upgrade capabilities, allowing larger installations to support Ground Mount applications, as well as improved remote upgrade. We are in the process of launching our fifth generation S1400 Series Power Optimizers. A key element of our reliability strategy, and a significant differentiator relative to our competitors, is our use of proprietary ASICs to control, among other things, our Power Optimizer’s power conversion, safety features, and PV module monitoring. Instead of using large numbers of discrete components, our Power OptimizersOptimizer uses a single proprietary ASIC, thus reducing the total number of components in an electrical circuit and thereby improving reliability. In 2021, we launched our fourth generation Power Optimizers which uses fourth generation ASIC that provides higher efficiency and incorporates a new safety mechanism for PV systems called "the SolarEdge Sense Connect", that provides connector level fault detection. In 2022, we announced the launch of our next generation Commercial S-series Power Optimizers.
Each new ASIC generation reduces the number of components required for any given functionality, adds more functions to the Power Optimizers,Optimizer, and meaningfully improves its efficiency.the efficiency of the Power Optimizer. The efficiency improvement reduces the energy losses which in turn reduces the amount of heat dissipation. This enables design of a more cost-effective and usually smaller enclosure and also keeps the electronics cooler, thereby improving the Power Optimizer’s reliability. Our research and development teams continuously work toon further improveimproving our ASICs and releasereleasing new generations of this innovativeimproved technology.
Software. We continue to expand our software offering by introducingwith the introduction of new tools and features. This includes both professional web-based software and system owner applications such as the fleet management, platform, the site designer tool, the mySolarEdge consumer app, and installer applications.applications, all of which are offered to our install base as complimentary to the sales of our hardware solutions.
Our cloud-based monitoring platformMonitoring Platform is continuously growing by the amount of data aggregated. We are continuously developing tools to accommodate our growth and further enhance our service offering. We plan to continue developing algorithms that detect and pinpoint problems that can impactaffect power production in installedfield systems. We further plan to add more capabilities through our public API to allow users to build and integrate our system into their own systems and build and share useful applications based on monitoring data gathered by our software.
Smart Energy Management.Our smart energy management offering manages and controls PV production, home consumption, storage, and home generator and grid interaction. It is designed to automatically use excess PV power to increase self-consumption of solar energy, and reduce energy bills and carbon footprints. The offering controls electrical loads such as, pool pumps, fans, lighting and other home appliances by using our smart energy devices such as smart sockets, smart switch relays and more, and is able to divert excess solar energy to heat water. We are developing new features and capabilities for the smart energy suitemanagement solutions, which isare constantly evolving. Specifically, we have current plansevolving, such as our SolarEdge Home Local Controller, which will enable the homeowner to add the abilityrun and manage their most energy-intensive devices on excess solar energy. We are also introducing smart energy management and fleet management to control additional energy loads and are developing capabilities for the commercial segment. We also plan on expanding the availability of our smart energy products, including smart energy management devices, to new geographies and use cases.
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New Products or Product Categories
Categories. We continuously evaluate opportunities to expand our product offerings and services to our customers. We may from time to time develop new products or services that are a natural extension of our existing business, or may engage in acquisitions of businesses or product lines with the potential to strengthen our market position, enable us to enter attractive markets, expand our technological capabilities, or provide synergistic opportunities.
Sales and Marketing Strategy
Our solar business strategy is to focus on penetrating new geographic regions and increasing our market share. More specifically, we focus on markets where electricity prices, irradiance and government policies make solar PV installations economically viable. Our solar products have been installed in 133over 140 countries. countries.
We target our sales and marketing efforts to the largest distributors, electrical equipment wholesalers, EPC contractors and installers in each of the countries where we operate. We anticipate that an increasing percentageOur products are carried and actively sold by most of the top solar PV equipment sales will also occur throughdistributors as well as the largest electrical equipment wholesalers who sell to a broad range of electrical contractors, and we are focused on cultivating these global relationships.distribution companies. As of December 31, 2022,2023, based on the number of installer accounts on our monitoring portal, over 53,00065,000 installers around the world have installed SolarEdge solar PV systems. We also sell our Power Optimizers pre-installed onto several PV modules for manufacturers that offer Smart Modules to ease and accelerate installation.
Additionally, as further detailed below, we have a number of programs focused on educating installers and other industry professionals about our technology, and we use a combination of road shows, webinars, and partner trainings to educate them how best to design, sell, and implement our technology in their projects. Most of these activities were converted to online platforms since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic to enable continued training, education and marketing.
Our Customers
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from key solar distributors, electrical equipment wholesalers and large installers in the U.S. and worldwide. In 2022, one2023, two of our customers, Consolidated Electrical Distributors Inc. (CED)Memodo GmbH and Krannich Solar GmbH & Co. KG, represented 18.5%24.0% of our revenues. None of our other customers accounted for more than ten percent of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 20222023..
Training and Customer Support
We offer our installer base a comprehensive package of customer support and training services which include pre-sales support, ongoing trainings, and technical support before, during, and after installation. We also provide customized support programs to PV module manufacturers, large installers and distributors to help prioritize and track support issues, thereby enabling short cycle times for issue resolution.
In 20222023, we launchedrevamped our new online customerfirst level certification, SolarEdge Fundamentals Training, a comprehensive training platform, Edge Academy. The platform is an advanced Learning Management System, capable of hosting thousands of onlinecourse for installers, with up-to-date installation methodologies and practices. During 2023, our training sessions each month, allowing a self-paced, training approach. During 2022, the Edge Academyportal (Edge Academy) hosted over 124,000222,000 learners.
In addition to the above, we support our commercial system customers with design consulting throughout their sales process and installation.
Our technical support organization includes local expert teams, tech centers, an online service portal and live chat service. Our toll-free call and live chat centers are open Monday through Friday at least from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. in every region in which we sell our products. In addition, customers can open and track support cases 24/7 utilizing our online portal. All support cases are monitored via a customer relationship management system in order to provide service, track closure of all customer issues and further improve our customer service. Our call centers have access to our cloud-based monitoring platform database, which enables real-time remote diagnostics.
Customer service and satisfaction continues to be a key component of our business offering and we consider it integral to our continued success. We maintain high levels of customer engagement through our call centers in California, Australia, Japan, Israel, India, and Bulgaria. During 2022, we added additional call centers inBulgaria, Brazil, Taiwan, Thailand,and South Africa,. Philippines and Poland. In addition to our call centers, we have field service engineers located in the geographies where we are active, and support our customers with commissioning of large projects, introduction of new technologies and features and on-the-job training of new installers. As of December 31, 2022,2023, our customer support and training organization consisted of 609659 employees worldwide.
Our Technology
We have drawn on our expertise in the fields of power electronics, magnetic design, mechanical and heat dissipation, control loops and algorithms, power line communications and lithium-ion battery technology to design and develop what we believe to be the most advanced commercial solutions for harvesting power from solar PV, storage and energy management solutions for residential and commercial applications. These technologies are explained in more detail below.
As part of our growth strategy, we have acquired companies that have technologies that can leverage our expertise in power electronics and power optimization. By combining acquired resources with our current research and development teams, we are expanding our activities into other areas such as e-Mobility,energy IoT and energy storage systems.
Power Optimizers
Our Power Optimizers are DC/DC step up/step down (buck boost) converters designed and developed to operate in harsh outdoor environments at very high conversion efficiency. Our Power Optimizers include proprietary power electronics and control loops customized to efficiently convert power from the PV module to the inverter.
A key factor in the performance of our Power Optimizer is determined by the digital control algorithms and closed-loop control mechanism. The Power Optimizer’s control is built into our advanced ASIC which is responsible for all critical digital control functions of the power optimizer, including detailed power analysis, digital real-time control of the power conversion subsystem, power line communications and networking. Since each Power Optimizer handles the power and voltage of either a single or two modules, we are able to reach a high degree of semiconductor integration by leveraging low costlow-cost silicon in standard semiconductor packages. As a result, much of the of our Power Optimizer functionality can be integrated into a standard ASIC instead of requiring discrete electronic components, resulting in lower costs and higher reliability.
The ASIC performs the critical power analysis and power conversion control functions of the Power Optimizer. The power analysis functions process the state and working parameters at the Power Optimizer’s input and output and, together with advanced digital control and state machine logic, control the power conversion function. In addition, our digital control system uses technology that allows the solar PV installation to anticipate and adapt to changing operating conditions, and to protect itself against system anomalies. In 2021, we incorporated our fourth generation ASIC in our new generation of Power Optimizers (S-series). In addition, we added cable temperature monitoring functionality, called the Sense Connect, to this new generation to improve their safety capabilities.
Each Power Optimizer in the array is connected to the inverter by a power line communications networking link. Our power line communications link uses a proprietary networking technology that we developed, utilizing the existing DC wiring between the Power Optimizers and the inverter to transmit and receive data between these devices.devices using scalable technology supporting a wide range of installation sizes, from small residential to large commercial installations.
Inverters
Most of our inverters are designed for single-stage DC/AC conversion. Using our inverter in combination with the Power Optimizers allows the inverter control loop to maintain a regulated DC voltage level at its input, thereby enabling the inclusion of long, uneven, and multi-faceted strings of solar modules while also enabling custom, cost efficient, and reliable inverter design and component selection. All of the power components, as well as the main magnetic components for our inverters, can then be optimized for DC/AC inversion at high efficiency.
Our inverters’ digital control algorithms are implemented using programmable digital signal processors which allow for flexibility and adaptation of control loops for various grids and for the requirements and standards of different grid operators across geographies. We have already implemented the control mechanisms necessary to support advanced grid codes and standards that are required to support high penetration of solar energy into utility grids. We continue to develop and manufacture our own DSP (ASIC) in our inverters which enables us to improve the performance of our control loops, increase our cost savings and be less dependent on third party suppliers in our manufacturing process. The DSP (ASIC) performs the critical power analysis and power conversion control functions of the inverter. The power analysis functions process the state and working parameters at the power inverter’s input and output, and together with advanced digital control and state machine logic controls the power conversion function. In addition, our digital control system uses technology that allows the inverter to anticipate and adapt to changing operating conditions, and to protect itself against system anomalies as well as comply with applicable regulations in the different regions in which we operate.
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Our DSP (ASIC) is also in charge of the power line communications ("PLC") networking link.link towards the optimizers. Our PLC uses a proprietary networking technology that we developed, utilizing the existing DC wiring between the Power Optimizers and the inverter to transmit and receive data between these devices.
We have developed and continue to develop in-house design and manufacturing capabilities for several major passive components, such as magnetic components, in order to decrease dependence on suppliers, improve component performance, reduce costs and have better control over our production processes.
Batteries
In 2021, we released our first lithium-ion residential batteries for sale in the U.S. and Europe through our solar distribution channels. Our batteries are composed of lithium cells, a battery management system, ("BMS"),or BMS, bi-directional DC/DC high efficiency converter that allows charge and discharge of the battery, as well as user interface. Our DC/DC converter uses digital control algorithms, which are implemented using a programmable digital signal processor. Therefore, both the battery andOur power products, inverter, Power Optimizers and battery are connected to the same DC bus, allowing the battery to be directly charged by the DC current generated by the Power Optimizers and bypassing the AC conversion.conversion, thereby reducing the rounding efficiency of PV generated power towards the AC loads.
Our efficient DC-coupled battery is designed to connect with our inverters, (upallowing up to three batteries per inverter).inverter. Our batteries can be connected to our cloud‑based monitoring platform, reporting information on the battery status, solar production, and self-consumption data.
Manufacturing
We have designed our manufacturing processes to produce high quality products at competitive costs. The strategy is threefold: outsource, automate, and localize. We currently contract to have our solar products manufactured by two of the world’s leading global electronics manufacturing service providers, Jabil Circuit, Inc. (“Jabil”) and Flex Ltd. (“Flex”). By using contract manufacturers, we are able to access advanced manufacturing equipment, processes, skills and capacity on a relatively “capital light” budget.“asset light” budget while remaining flexible in our manufacturing operations and are able to enjoy the CM’s global reach and access to different manufacturing regions. Our contract manufacturers are responsible for funding some of the the capital expenses incurred in connection with the manufacture of our products, except with regard to some of the automated optimizer assembly lines, our proprietary end-of-line testing equipment and other specific manufacturing equipment utilized in assembling our products or sub-components which are financed and owned by the Company. We expect to continue this funding arrangement in the future, with respect to any expansions to such existing lines save for circumstances where the direct purchase by us of non-specific manufacturing equipment will result in a substantial reduction in costs in which case we will consider financing such non-specific manufacturing equipment ourselves. Further, contracting with global providers, such as Jabil and Flex, gives us added flexibility to manufacture certain products inenjoy such manufacturers' global reach and access to different regions such as China and Vietnam, where we are able to manufacture closer to target markets in Asia, and the North American west coast, as well as other products in Hungary, closer to target markets in Europe, and the North American east coast, in each case, potentially increasing responsiveness to customers while reducing costs and delivery times. In addition, as part of our manufacturing regionalization efforts, we are expanding our manufacturing capabilities with a new manufacturing site in Mexico, which is expected to finalize its ramp-up phase in the first half of 2023. Once ramped, we believe this site will significantly increase our capacity and give us further flexibility to manage growing demand. In light of recent Inflation Reduction Act legislation in the United States which incentivizes the local manufacturing of renewable energy products by providing benefits to installers for the purchase and installation of US-manufactured products, as well as by incentivizing manufacturers of such products domestically, we have begun manufacturing inverters in Texas and are planning to establishcurrently establishing additional manufacturing capabilities in Florida for optimizers and inverters. With the United States either by using contract manufacturers or by establishingramp-up of these new sites and due to a decrease in demand for our own manufacturing facility or a combination of both.
In the third quarter of 2020, we began commercial shipments from our own manufacturing facility located in the North of Israel, “Sella 1”, from which we began commercial shipments to the U.S. of optimizers and inverters in 2020.1". The proximity of Sella 1 to our R&D team and labs enables us to accelerate new product development cycles as well as define equipment and manufacturing processes of newly developed products which can then be adopted by our contract manufacturers worldwide.
During 2023, we plan to expandexpanded the manufacturing portfolio available for manufacturing in Sella 1.
In May 2022, we opened our own manufacturing facility, “Sella 2”, a 2GWh Li-Ion cell factory in Korea. “Sella 2” began producing and shipping cells at the end of 2022 and is expected to gradually increase manufacturing capacity of Sella 1 to addduring 2024, slightly behind the original plan. We also have an additional inverter line.smaller lithium-ion cells and batteries facility in South Korea that has the capacity to manufacture up to 150 MWh per annum.
We have developed propriety automated assembly lines for the manufacturing of our power optimizers. These assembly lines, currently operating in all of our manufacturing facilities, enable the manufacturing of more than 6,0006,000 optimizers per manufacturing line per day.day. We invest resources in additional automated assembly lines as well as in automated machinery for subassembly and self-manufacturing of certain components used in our products, and we own and are responsible for funding all of the capital expenses related thereto. The current and expected capital expenses associated with these automated assembly lines and other machinery is funded out of our cash flows.
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We source our raw materials through various component manufacturers and invest resources in continued cost-reduction efforts as well as verifying second and third sources so as to limit dependence on sole suppliers.
Reliability and Quality Control
Our power optimizersPower Optimizers are either connected to each PV module by installers, or embedded in each PV module by PV module manufacturers. Our power optimizersand are designed to be as reliable as the PV module itself and capable of withstanding the same operating and environmental conditions.
Our reliability methodology includes a multi-level plan with design analysis, sub-system testing of critical components by Accelerated Life Testing, and integrative testing of design prototypes by Highly Accelerated Life Testing and large sample groups. As part of our reliability efforts, we subject components to industry standard conditions and tests including in accelerated life chambers that simulate burn-in, thermal cycling, damp-heat, and other stresses. We also conduct out of box audits (OBA) on our finished products. In addition, online reliability tests (ORT) are conducted on our optimizers and we test complete products in stress tests and in the field. Our rigorous testing processes have helped us to develop highly reliable products.
In order to verify the quality of each of our products when it leaves the manufacturing plant, each component, sub-assembly, and final product are tested multiple times during production. These tests include Automatic Optical Inspection, In-Circuit Testing, Board- FunctionalBoard-Functional Testing, Safety Testing, and Integrative Stress Testing. We employ a serial number-driven manufacturing process auditing and traceability system that allows us to control production line activities, verify correct manufacturing processes and to achieve item-specific traceability.
As a part of our quality and reliability approach, failed products from the field are returned and subjected to root cause analysis, the results of which are used to improve our product and manufacturing processes and design and further reduce our field failure rate.
Certifications
Our products and systems comply with the applicable regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions in which they are sold as well as all other major markets around the world. These include safety regulations, electromagnetic compatibility standards and grid compliance.
Research and Development
We devote substantial resources to research and development with the objective of developing new products and systems, adding new features and reducing unit costs of our products and systems. Our development strategy is to identify software and hardware features, products, and systems that reduce the cost and improve the effectiveness of our solutions for our customers. We measure the effectiveness of our research and development by metrics including product unit cost, efficiency, reliability, power output, and ease of use.
We have a strong research and development team with wide ranging experience in power electronics, semiconductors, power line communications and networking, chemical, mechanical and software engineering. In addition, many members of our research and development team have expertise in solar technologies. As of December 31, 20222023 our research and development organization had a headcount of 1,4281,525 employees. employees.
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Intellectual Property
The success of our business depends, in part, on our ability to maintain and protect our proprietary technologies, information, processes, and know-how. We rely primarily on patent, trademark, copyright and trade secrets laws in the U.S. and similar laws in other countries, confidentiality agreements and procedures and other contractual arrangements to protect our technology. As of December 31, 2022,2023, SolarEdge had 444602 issued patents worldwide and 462528 patent applications pending for examination. A majority of our patents relate to DC power optimization and DC to AC conversion for alternative energy power systems, power system monitoring and control, battery technology and management systems. Our issued patents are scheduled to expire between 20232024 and 2041.2042.
We continually assess opportunities to seek patent protection for those aspects of our technology, designs, and methodologies and processes that we believe provide significant competitive advantages.
We rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to safeguard our interests with respect to proprietary know-how that is not patentable and processes for which patents are difficult to enforce. We believe that many elements of our manufacturing processes involve proprietary know-how, technology, or data that are not covered by patents or patent applications, including technical processes, test equipment designs, algorithms, and procedures.
All of our research and development personnel are required to enter into confidentiality and proprietary information agreements with us. These agreements address intellectual property protection issues and require our employees to assign to us all of the inventions, designs, and technologies they develop during the course of employment with us.
Our customers and business partners are required to enter into confidentiality agreements before we disclose any sensitive aspects of our technology or business plans.
Competition
The markets for our solar products are competitive, and we compete with manufacturers of traditional inverters, as well as manufacturers of other MLPE systems. The principal areas in which we compete with other companies include:
| • | product and system performance and features; |
| • | total cost of ownership (TCO); |
| • | reliability and duration of product warranty; |
| • | customer service and support; |
| • | breadth of product line; |
| • | local sales and distribution capabilities; |
| • | compliance with applicable certifications and grid codes; |
| • | size and financial stability of operations; and |
| • | size of installed base. |
Recent market trends show an increased focus on safety features in rooftop installations, and the emergence of standards that are evolving to address such concerns. In particular, the arc fault detection and interruption (AFDI) and rapid shutdown (RSD) standards in the US market, have led to the introduction of module-level rapid-shutdown devices from our competitors. We believe the existence of rapid shutdown capabilities built into our Power Optimizers positions us well in this regard, and could serveserves as a competitive advantage. Additionally, in 2020 we have seen PV module manufacturers introduce larger PV modules with higher power levels reaching over 600W. This market trend, which comes as a result of PV cell manufacturers introducing larger cell sizes such as M10 and M12 as well as different module build configurations, leads to market interest in higher power rating Power Optimizers, micro inverters, and other MLPE devices. The increasing demand for storage and battery solutions is an additional noteworthy market trend which is expected to increase the attachment rate of storage to PV installations in the coming years.
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Our DC optimized inverter system competes principally with products from traditional inverter manufacturers, such as SMA Solar Technology AG, ABBSungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd. and Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. as well as from other Chinese inverter manufacturers. In the North American residential market, we compete with traditional inverter manufacturers such as Tesla Motors Inc., as well as microinverter manufacturers such as Enphase Energy, Inc. In addition, there are several new entrants to the MLPE market, including low-cost Asian manufacturers, have recently announced plans to ship or have already shipped similar products.manufacturers. We believe that our DC optimized inverter system offers significant technology and cost advantages that reflect a competitive differentiation over traditional inverter systems and microinverter technologies.
The markets for our energy storageEnergy Storage division products are competitive as well. The competition ranges from other cell manufacturers, both of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), which are also vertically integrated and provide a partial or complete storage system as well as from integrators that are acquiring cells from different vendors and we compete withassemble their own storage system. Our competitors include global cell and battery manufacturers in the ESS market. Our energy storage solutions compete with products from global manufactures such as LG Energy Solutions, Samsung SDI, CATL, BYD and Panasonic.etc.
Our residential lithium-ion batteries for PV applications compete with global manufacturers of both lithium-ion and other residential battery storage solutions such as Tesla, LG Energy solutions, BYD and Enphase Energy.
Government Incentives
U.S. federal, state, and local government bodies as well as non-U.S. government bodies, provide incentives to owners, end users, distributors, and manufacturers of solar PV systems to promote solar electricity in the form of rebates, tax credits, lower VAT rate and other financial incentives such as system performance payments, payments for renewable energy credits associated with renewable energy generation, and exclusion of solar PV systems from property tax assessments. The market for on grid applications, where solar power is used to supplement a customer’s electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, often depends in large part on the availability and size of these government subsidies and economic incentives, which vary from time to time by geographic market.
In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which includescontains several incentivesprovisions intended to promoteaccelerate U.S. manufacturing and adoption of clean energy batterysuch as solar, wind, hydrogen and energy storage, electricalelectric vehicles and other solar products andtherefore is expected to impact our business and operations. As partSome of such incentives the applicable provisions in IRA will among other things, extendthat are expected to positively impact the market for renewable energy include the extension of the investment tax credit (“ITC”) and the Production Tax Credit (“PTC") through 2034 and is therefore expected to increase the demand for solar products.2034. The IRA is expected toalso further incentivizeincentivizes residential and commercial solar customers and developers due tothrough the inclusion of a tax credit for qualifying energy projects of up to 30%. Since these regulationsThese provisions of the law are new and regulations and guidance concerning their implementation is still pending administrative guidance fromare gradually being published by the Internal Revenue Service and U.S. Treasury Department, we will be examiningDepartment. We continue to monitor the benefits that may be available to us, such asus. Section 45X of the availability ofIRA offers advanced manufacturing production tax credits, for domestic manufacturers, inthat incentivize the coming months. Weproduction of eligible components within the United States. To that end, we have also announced our plans to establishestablished manufacturing capabilities in the United States in 2023 and announced additional capacity expected during 2023. 2024.
To the extent that tax benefits or credits may be available to competing technology and not to our technology, our business could be adversely disadvantaged.
Trade Regulation and Import Tariffs
Our business activities are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Particularly, our exports and imports are subject to complex trade and customs laws, tax requirements and tariffs set by governments through mutual agreements or unilateral actions. Countries duties, tariffs or other restrictions on our imports or adversely modify existing restrictions. Changes in tax policies or trade regulations, the disallowance of tax deductions on imported merchandise, or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Escalating trade tensions between the United States and China have led to increased tariffs and trade restrictions, including tariffs applicable to some of our products. As of June 2019, the U.S. trade representative (“USTR”) imposed import tariffs of 25% on a long list of products imported from China, including inverters and power optimizers. On January 15, 2020, the United States and China entered into an initial trade deal, which preservespreserves the initial tariffs from 2018 and indicates additional sanctions may be imposed if China breaches the terms of the deal.
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In order to mitigate the negative effect of increased tariffs, we increased our manufacturing capabilities at our Vietnam manufacturing facility.facility. We reached full manufacturing capacity in our manufacturing facility in Israel, Sella 1 and are manufacturing in Mexico where achievement of full manufacturing capacity is expected in the first half of 2023.. In addition, as mentioned above, we are planning to establishestablished manufacturing capabilities in the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, the majority of our products being imported to the U.S. were manufactured in Mexico, Vietnam, Israel and Hungary and were therefore not subject to the aforementioned tariffstariffs..
Seasonality
The solar energy market is subject to seasonal and quarterly fluctuations affected by weather. For example, during the winter months in Europe and the northeastern U.S. where the climate is particularly cold and snowy, it is typical to see a decline in PV installations and this decline can impact the timing of orders for our products.
Sustainable, Responsible and Transparent Business Practices
During 2022,2023, we continued making progress in our Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") performance and disclosure. Our ESG practices are guided by our social purpose: “To power the future of energy so we can all enjoy better living and a cleaner, greener future” and our social mission: “Shaping the future of sustainable energy production, energy storage and e-mobility through innovation”. We have crafted a comprehensive sustainability strategy with 2025 targets in several areas. Our fourthfifth annual Sustainability Report, published in 2022, meets the requirements of2023, was prepared in alignment with leading global sustainability disclosure standards, GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) and SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board) aligning our disclosure with leading corporations around the world and with the expectations of investors and other stakeholders.. Our sustainability strategy includes the following pillars:
| • | Powering Clean Energy: Accelerating the uptake of clean energy, delivering new smart energy, innovative solutions and improving the lifecycle impacts of our products. As a business founded upon the acceleration of clean energy, we strive to reduce our climate impact by minimizing GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and transitioning to renewable electricity usage in our facilities. We have completed a lifecycle analysis for three of our key products, examining the carbon footprint of all product life stages and following the examination of the results of such analysis were able to highlight possible reduction opportunities. energy (2023 figures are currently in examination and will be published in our upcoming sustainability report). |
| • | Powering People: Maintaining leading responsible employment practices, upholding human rights and investing in communities. In |
| • | Powering Business: Maintaining and reinforcing ethical conduct throughout our value chain, advancing climate resilience, improving the efficiency of our resource consumption and ethical sourcing of raw materials and components. Our supplier code of conduct ("SCoC"), includes provisions regarding, among others, ethics, safety, environmental protection, human rights, and fair employment. As of December 31, 2023, over 280 key suppliers have signed their acknowledgment of the SCoC terms. To date, we also conducted on-site audits of four contract manufacturers and three major raw material suppliers in connection with their compliance with the SCoC requirements, and are aiming to further expand these efforts in 2024. In addition, our conflict-minerals practices involve engaging our suppliers to evaluate the traceability of their upstream sources. |
We believe that our sustainability strategy aligns directly with 10 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and our products and activities are most critical to achievement of SDG #7, Affordable Clean Energy.
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Human Capital
We believe our success depends on our ability to attract and retain outstanding employees at all levels of our business. As of December 31, 2022,2023, we had 4,9265,633 employees (full time and part time). Of these employees, 1,4281,525 were engaged in research and development, 649689 in sales and marketing, 2,3832,857 in operations, production, Q&R, and support, and 466562 in general and administrative capacities. Of our employees, 2,7023,160 were based in Israel, 699746 were based in Europe, 591725 were based in Korea, 318326 were based in the U.S and 616676 were based in the remaining countries in which we operate including China, Vietnam, India, Mexico, Australia and others.
Except for our SolarEdge Automation Machines employees and the employees of SolarEdge e-Mobility, none of our employees are represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any employment-related work stoppages, and we consider relations with our employees to be good.
Recruitment: As a rapidly growing business, we rely on the success of our recruitment efforts to attract and retain technically skilled people who can support our ongoing innovation and expansion. We aim to be inclusive in our hiring practices, focusing on the best talent for the role, welcoming all genders, nationalities, ethnicities, abilities and other dimensions of diversity.
Employee benefits: We aim to provide our employees with competitive salary and benefits that enable them to achieve a good quality of life and plan for the future. Our benefits differ according to local norms and market preferences, but typically include all salary and social benefits required by local law (including retirement saving programs, paid vacation and sick leave) and many additional benefits that go beyond legal requirements in local markets.
Leadership, Training and Development: We aim to provide our employees with advanced professional and development skills, so that they can perform effectively in their roles and build their capabilities and career prospects for the future. We maintain a leadership program for managers and team leaders and deliver advanced professional training for sales, research and development and other functional teams as part of our extensive training program each year. Furthermore, we partner with local educational resources to offer formal learning programs on a variety of subjects for the personal development and advancement of our workforce.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: During the past three years, we have increased the total number of women in our organization by over 75%.We are striving to increase the presence ofopportunities for women in executive and management positions as part of our 2025 targetmission to promote gender parity and equal pay.pay in accordance with equal opportunity laws.
We are taking active steps to increase the diversity of our workforce and promote inclusiveness ofamong our employee base. We have been providing training and promoting education to create awareness and encourage inclusive practices across our global workplaces. For example, we engagedhave conducted foundational diversity and inclusion training for both managers and employees, training on the inclusion of people with disabilities in several partnerships with social organizations in Israel, designed to increase our recruitment of candidates from the Arab-Israeli population, ultra-orthodox women,workplace, as well as hosting workshops, lectures, and individuals with disabilities.webinars on various topics such as valuing diversity and fostering respectful and positive interactions. Additionally, as part of our commitment to enhance gender equality within our workforce, we created designated development programsmaintained partnerships with NGOs to enhance our pool of female candidates for female managerstech roles and to encourage more women to take up tech-related careers. We conducted an annual analysis of our gender pay gap to identify and work on closing any gaps, and we launched a global internal Women's Day campaign called "Towards Gender Equality." The campaign included lectures by women in tech roles.executive roles from SolarEdge and other global businesses to empower and inspire women. We also helped foster mentoring relationships among our female employees and managers across various professional fields and geographical regions within SolarEdge. Over 50 female participantswomen from sites around the globe have successfully completed these programs in 2022.2023.
Workplace safety and health: We believe that all accidents and injuries at work are preventable and we strive to achieve a zero-injury culture across our offices and operations. WeOur safety practices are designed to comply with applicable occupational health and safety regulations and are certified to Occupational Health and Safety Quality Management Standard ISO 45001:2018. Our safety practices include: nominated safety officers at each of our manufacturing or R&D sites, mandatory annual safety training for all employees, mandatory job-specific training for all employees in relevant roles (e.g., for those working in high-voltage labs), comprehensive safety, fire, and emergency drill programs to ensureso that our employees are well-versed with emergency procedures and root-cause assessments of incidents and corrective actions.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in 2006. Our principal executive offices are located at 1 HaMada Street, Herziliya Pituach 4673335, Israel and our telephone number at this address is 972 (9) 957-6620. Our website is www.solaredge.com..
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Our reports, proxy statements and other documents filed electronically with the SEC are available at the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
We use the Investor Relations portion of our website at www.solaredge.com, as a routine channel of distribution of important information such as press releases, analyst presentations, corporate governance practices and corporate responsibility information, financial information including our annual, quarterly, and current reports, our proxy statements, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC.All such postings and filings are available on our Investor Relations website free of charge.
Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report, and you should not
consider information contained on our website as part of this Annual Report.
ITEM 1A.1A. Risk Factors
Risk Factors Summary
The following summarizes the principal factors that make an investment in our company speculative or risky. This summary should be read in conjunction with the full risk factors discussed below and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. The order of presentation is not necessarily indicative of the level of risk that each factor poses to us.
We face risks related to our business and our industry, including those related to:
• | Our ability to be profitable in the future. | |
• | The rapidly evolving and competitive nature of the solar industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. | |
• | Fluctuations in demand for solar energy solutions, including if demand for solar energy solutions does not resume growth or grows at a slower rate than anticipated, and our ability to accurately forecast customer demand. | |
• | Macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, instability of financial institutions, rising interest rates, and recessionary concerns. | |
• | The impact of declines in the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or from alternative energy sources. | |
• | The impact of increases in interest rates or tightening of the supply of capital on the ability of end-users to finance the cost of a solar PV system. | |
• | The impact of increased competition as new and existing competitors introduce power optimizers, inverters, solar PV system monitoring, batteries and other smart energy products. | |
• | Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in distributed solar energy generation. | |
• | The cyclicality of the solar industry. | |
• | Defects or performance problems in our products. | |
• | Our dependence on a small number of outside contract manufacturers, including difficulties ramping production with new contract manufacturers. | |
• | Any delays, disruptions, or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations. | |
• | Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers for key components and raw materials in our products to adequately meet anticipated demand. | |
• | Disruptions to our global supply chain and rising prices of oil and raw materials due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. | |
• | Our reliance on distributors and large installers to assist in selling our products, and the failure of these customers to perform as expected. | |
• | Mergers in the solar industry among our current or potential customers. | |
• | Our planned expansion into new geographic markets or new product lines or services. | |
• | Our ability to build our non-solar businesses and manage future growth effectively. | |
• | Discontinuance of our e-Mobility business, resulting in the write-off of tangible and intangible assets. |
• | Our ability to recognize expected benefits from cost reduction and restructuring. | |
• | Any unauthorized access to, disclosure, or theft of personal information we gather, store, or use. | |
• | Attempts by third parties, our employees, or our vendors to gain unauthorized access to our network or seek to compromise our products and services. | |
• | Our entry into business engagements with military bodies as our customers in the lithium-ion battery and energy storage business. | |
• | Our entry into adjacent markets through recent acquisitions and risks associated with acquisitions, including our ability to be effective in integrating such acquisitions. | |
• | Disruption to our business operations as a result of war and hostilities in Israel and other conditions in Israel that affect our operations. | |
• | The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law that require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes. | |
• | Difficulties in enforcing a judgment of a U.S. court against our officers and directors, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel, or to serve process on our officers and directors. | |
• | Our dependence on ocean transportation to deliver our products in a timely and cost-efficient manner. | |
• | Fluctuations in currency exchange rates. | |
• | Corporate social responsibility and sustainability, including the impact of evolving legal and regulatory requirements. | |
• | Complications with the design or implementation of our new ERP system. | |
• | Natural disasters, public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches, or other catastrophic events. |
We face risks related to legal, compliance and regulatory matters, including those related to:
• | Any reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications. | |
• | Any change in or elimination of regulatory treatment, or guidance related to, or an inability to ramp up production to benefit from incentives under the IRA. | |
• | Changes to net metering policies. | |
• | Existing electric utility industry regulations and changes to regulations, which may present technical regulatory, and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar PV systems. |
We face risks related to intellectual property, including those related to:
• | Our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. |
• | Any claims by third parties that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights. |
• | Any claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees. |
• | The impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets. |
We face risks related to our Notes and the ownership of our common stock, including those related to:
• | Volatility of our stock price. |
• | Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. |
• | The forum selection clause contained in our certificate of incorporation. |
• | Our ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversion of our Convertible Senior Notes or Notes in cash or to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change. |
• | Our ability to raise additional capital to execute on our current or future business opportunities. |
• | Our lack of plans to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. |
• | Our share repurchase program. |
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Risk Factors
Risks related to Our Business and Our Industry
We cannot be certain that we will sustain our current level of profitabilitybe profitable in the future.
We achieved a net profit of $93.8$34.3 million and $169.2$93.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 respectively. A high growth rateMaintaining profitability in profitabilitythe currently volatile market may not be sustainable over time. For example, ourOur revenue and profitability for the year ended December 31, 2020 did not grow as we previously anticipated mainly due to the adverse effects of Covid-19 on demands for our products, and on the global economy in general. In 2021, we experienced an increase in revenues and profitability when compared to the same period in 2020 and in 2022 our revenues grew when compared to the same period in 2021 while our net profit decreased due to reasons detailed in the Management's Discussion and Analysis Section of this report. our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Conversely, in the third quarter of 2023, we experienced a slowdown in the demand for our products and during the second part of the third quarter of 2023, we experienced substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog from our European distributors. As a result, revenues in 2023 were significantly lower than the Company expected.
In the future, our revenues from both solar and non-solar business may not grow at the pace we anticipate, or may decline for a number of reasons, many of which are outside our control, including a decline in demand for our products, increased competition, a decrease in the growth of the solar industry,, the short term and long term effects of Covid-19 on our industry and business and industry trends including component shortages and supply chain disruptions due to ocean freight capacity, shipping times and port congestions as well as other macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, inflation concerns, rising interest rates and recessionary concerns, , or our failure to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities. If we fail to maintain sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to sustain profitability.
In addition, we expect to incur additional costs and expenses related to the continued development and expansion of our business, including in connection with recent or future acquisitions as well as ongoing marketing and developing our products, development of our own manufacturing facilities, expanding into new product markets and geographies, maintaining and enhancing our research and development operations and hiring additional personnel. We do not know whether our revenues will grow rapidly enough to absorb these costs, or the extent of these expenses or their impact on our results of operations.
The rapidly evolving and competitive nature of the solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. Our entry into other adjacent markets through recent acquisitions is new and highly competitive and it is difficult to evaluate our future in these new markets as well.
The rapidly evolving and competitive nature of the solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects. In addition, we have limited insight into emerging trends that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Our non-solar businesses in adjacent markets, such as storage and e-Mobility are highly competitive markets in which we will need to compete. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including unpredictable and volatile revenues and increased expenses as our business continues to grow.
The viability and demand for our products and services may be affected by many factors beyond our control, including:
| • | cost competitiveness, reliability and performance of solar PV systems compared to conventional and non-solar renewable energy sources and products; |
| • | competing new technologies at more competitive prices than those we offer for our products and services; |
| • | availability and amount of government subsidies and incentives to support the development and deployment of solar energy solutions; |
| • | the extent of deregulation in the electric power industry and broader energy industries to permit broader adoption of solar electricity generation; |
| • | prices of traditional carbon-based energy sources; |
| • | levels of investment by end-users of solar energy products, which tend to decrease when economic growth slows; and |
| • | the emergence, continuance or success of, or increased government support for, other alternative energy generation technologies and products. |
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Demand for solar energy
Our revenues are primarily derived from products utilized in solar PV installations. Thus, our future success depends on continued demand for solar energy solutions and the ability of vendors to meet this demand. The solar industry is an evolving industry that has experienced substantial changes in recent years, and we cannot be certain that consumers, businesses, or utilities will adopt solar PV systems as an alternative energy source at levels sufficient to grow our business. If demand for solar energy solutions fails to continue to develop sufficiently, demand for our products and services will decrease, resulting in an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue and grow our business.
The cancellation or deferral of its manufacturingproduct orders, or overproduction due to component shortages. These suspensions occurred againa change in 2022anticipated order volumes could result in us holding excess or obsolete inventory, which could result in inventory write-downs and, caused delays of orders for our powertrain units. Additional delays or suspensions mayin turn, could have ana material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and other financial results from this business.
Conversely, if we underestimate demand, we may not have sufficient inventory to meet end-customer demand, and we may incur excess costs related to expedited deliveries, lose market share, damage relationships with our distributors and end customers, harm our reputation and forego potential revenue opportunities. Obtaining additional substantial projectssupply in the pipeline beyondface of product shortages may be costly or impossible, particularly in light of supply chain disruptions and our outsourced manufacturing processes, which could prevent us from fulfilling orders in a timely and cost-efficient manner or at all. In addition, if we overestimate our production requirements, our contract manufacturers may purchase excess components and build excess inventory. If our contract manufacturers, at our request, purchase excess components that are unique to our products and are unable to recoup the project with Stellantis, which was announcedcosts of such excess through resale or return or build excess products, we could be required to pay for these excess parts or products and recognize related inventory write-downs.
In addition, we plan our operating expenses, including research and development expenses, hiring needs and inventory investments, in February 2021. Our inability to enter into additional projects may have an adverse effectpart on our revenues, profitabilityestimates of customer demand and otherfuture revenue. If customer demand or revenue for a particular period is lower than we expect, we may not be able to proportionately reduce our fixed operating expenses for that period, which would harm our operating results for that period.
Macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, instability of financial results frominstitutions, rising interest rates, and recessionary concerns may adversely affect our industry, business and financial results.
Our business depends on the e-Mobility business.overall demand for our solar energy products and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to make capital commitments to purchase our products and services. As a result of macroeconomic or market uncertainty, including inflation concerns, rising interest rates, recessionary concerns, and geopolitical conflicts, customers may decide to delay purchasing our products and services or not purchase at all. In 2022, we impaired goodwill and intangible assets related to our e-Mobility business (see Notes 8 and 9addition, a number of the financial statements for additional information).risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration, and we may face new risks that we have not yet identified.
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In the past, unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions have resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand. Macroeconomic and market conditions could be adversely affected by a variety of political, economic or other factors in the U.S. and international markets, which could, in turn, adversely affect spending levels of installers and end users and could create volatility or deteriorating conditions in the markets in which we operate. Macroeconomic uncertainty or weakness could result in:
| • | reduced demand for our products as a result of constraints on capital spending for residential solar energy systems by our customers; |
| • | increased price competition for our products that may adversely affect revenue, gross margin and profitability; |
| • | decreased ability to forecast operating results and make decisions about budgeting, planning and future investments; |
| • | business and financial difficulties faced by our suppliers or other partners, including impacts to material costs, sales, liquidity levels, ability to continue investing in their businesses, ability to import or export goods, ability to meet development commitments and manufacturing capability; and |
| • | increasedoverhead and production costs as a percentage of revenue. |
Reductions in customer spending in response to unfavorable or uncertain macroeconomic and market conditions, globally or in a particular region where we operate, would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A drop in the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or from alternative energy sources may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
Decreases in the retail prices of electricity from the utility grid, or other renewable energy resources, would make the purchase of solar PV systems less economically attractive and would likely lower sales of our products. The price of electricity derived from the utility grid could decrease as a result of:
| • | construction of a significant number of new power generation plants, including plants utilizing natural gas, nuclear, coal, renewable energy, or other generation technologies; |
| • | relief of transmission constraints that enable local centers to generate energy less expensively; |
| • | reductions in the price of natural gas, or alternative energy resources other than solar; |
| • | utility rate adjustment and customer class cost reallocation; |
| • | energy conservation technologies and public initiatives to reduce electricity consumption; |
| • | development of smart-grid technologies that lower the peak energy requirements of a utility generation facility; |
| • | development of new or lower-cost energy storage technologies that have the ability to reduce a customer’s average cost of electricity by shifting load to off-peak times; and |
| • | development of new energy generation technologies that provide less expensive energy. |
Moreover, technological developments in the solar components industry could allow our competitors and their customers to offer electricity at costs lower than those that can be offered by us to our customers, which could result in reduced demand for our products. If the cost of electricity generated by solar PV installations incorporating our systems is high relative to the cost of electricity from other sources, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.
An increase in interest rates or tightening of the supply of capital in the global financial markets could make it difficult for end-users to finance the cost of a solar PV system and could reduce the demand for smart energy products and thus the demand for our products.
Many end-users depend on financing to fund the initial capital expenditure required to develop, build, or purchase a solar PV system. As a result, anAn increase in interest rates or a reduction in the supply of project debt financing or tax equity investments, could reduce the number of solar projects that receive financing or otherwise make it difficult for our customers or the end-users to secure the financing necessary to develop, build, purchase, or install a solar PV system on favorable terms, or at all, and thus lower demand for our products which could limit our growth or reduce our net sales. In addition, we believe that a significant percentage of end-users install solar PV systems as an investment, funding the initial capital expenditure through financing. An increase in interest rates could lower such end-user’s return on investment on a solar PV system, increase equity return requirements or make alternative investments more attractive relative to solar PV systems, and, in each case, could cause such end-users to seek alternative investments. During 2022 and 2023, record levels of inflation have resulted in significant volatility and disruptions in the global economy. In response to rising inflation, central banks in the markets in which we operate, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, have tightened their monetary policies and raised interest rates. Such measures have adversely impacted the demand for our products which may continue if there is a period of sustained heightened inflation.
The market for our products is highly competitive and we expect to face increased competition as new and existing competitors introduce power optimizers, inverters, solar PV system monitoring, batteries and other smart energy products, which could negatively affect our results of operations and market share.
The market for solar PV solutions is highly competitive. We principally compete with traditional inverter manufacturers as well as microinverter manufacturers. Currently, our DC optimized inverter system competes with products from traditional inverter manufacturers, microinverter manufacturers, as well as emerging technology companies offering alternative MLPE products. Over the past few years, several new entrants to the inverter and MLPE market, including low-cost Asian manufacturers, have announced plans to ship or have already shipped products in markets in which we sell our products, including, with respect to sales in the United States,U.S., Australia and in Europe. We expect competition to intensify as new and existing competitors enter the market. In addition, there are several new entrants that are proposing solutionstorage batteries as well as solutions to the rapid shutdown functionality which has become a regulatory requirement for PV rooftop solar systems in the United States.U.S. If these new technologies are successful in offering a price competitive and technological attractive solution to the residential solar PV market, this could make it more difficult for us to maintain market share.
Several of our existing and potential competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at aggressive or below-market pricing levels, which could cause us to lose sales or market share or require us to lower prices for our products in order to compete effectively. If we have to reduce our prices by more than we anticipated, or if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volume, reducing our costs and expenses or introducing new products, our revenues and gross profit would suffer.
In addition, competitors may be able to develop new products more quickly than us, may partner with other competitors to provide combined technologies and competing solutions and may be able to develop products that are more reliable or that provide more functionality than ours.
Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in distributed solar energy generation may have a material adverse effect on demand for our offerings.
Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as advances in other forms of distributed solar PV power generation, storage solutions, such as batteries, the widespread use or adoption of fuel cells for residential or commercial properties or improvements in other forms of centralized power production, may have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. Any failure by us to adopt new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could result in product obsolescence, the loss of competitiveness of our products, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.
The solar industry has historically been cyclical and experienced periodic downturns.
Our future success partly depends on continued demand for solar PV systems in the end-markets we serve, including the residential and commercial sectors in the United StatesU.S. and Europe. The solar industry has historically been cyclical and has experienced periodic downturns which have affected and may in the future affect demand for our products. The solar industry has undergone challenging business conditions in past years, including downward pricing pressure for PV modules, mainly as a result of overproduction, and reductions in applicable governmental subsidies, contributing to demand decreases. For example, in the second part of 2023, the solar industry began to experience a downturn, particularly in Europe, which led to a large amount of requests to cancel or push out orders and the buildup of significant backlog for our products. Therefore, there is no assurance that the solar industry will not suffer significant downturns in the future, which will adversely affect demand for our solar products and our results of operations.
Defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage, and decreased revenue, and we may face warranty, indemnity, and product liability claims arising from defective products.
Although our products meet our stringent quality requirements, they may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new generations are released. Errors, defects, or poor performance can arise due to design flaws, defects in raw materials or components or manufacturing difficulties, which can affect both the quality and the yield of the product. Any actual or perceived errors, defects, or poor performance in our products could result in the replacement or recall of our products or components thereof, shipment delays, rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of our personnel from our product development efforts, and increases in customer service and support costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Furthermore, defective components may give rise to warranty, indemnity, or product liability claims against us that exceed any revenue or profit we receive from the affected products. In most cases, we offer a minimum 12-year limited warranty for our inverters, extendable to twenty-five years for an additional cost, a 25-year limited warranty for our power optimizers and a 10-year limited warranty for our residential energy bank battery. Our limited warranties cover defects in materials and workmanship of our products under normal use and service conditions; therefore, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold products and recognized revenue. While we do have accrued reserves for warranty claims, our estimated warranty costs for previously sold products may change to the extent future products are not compatible with earlier generation products under warranty. Our warranty accruals are based on our assumptions and we do not have a long history of making such assumptions. As a result, these assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our systems, causing us to incur substantial unanticipated expenses to repair or replace defective products in the future or to compensate customers for defective products. Our failure to accurately predict future claims could result in unexpected volatility in, and have a material adverse effect on, our financial condition. In particular, our residential energy hub battery isbatteries are still relatively new on the market and we do not have the experience in servicing this productthese products yet.
If one of our products were to cause injury to someone or cause property damage, or in the event that a claim is made alleging false or misleading advertisement, unfair competition or other consumer related claims, we could potentially be exposed to product liability claims and lawsuits which could result in significant costs and liabilities if damages are awarded against us. Further, any product liability claim we face could be expensive to defend and could divert management’s attention. Even in litigation where we believe our liability is remote, there is a risk that a negative finding or decision in a matter involving multiple plaintiffs or a purported class action could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations or financial condition.
We depend upon a small number of outside contract manufacturers. Our operations could be disrupted if we encounter problems with these contract manufacturers, including difficulties ramping production with new contract manufacturers.
While we are manufacturing a portion of our products in Israel, we still heavily rely upon our contract manufacturers to manufacture most of our products. We mainly rely on two contract manufacturers. Any change in our relationship or contractual terms with our contract manufacturers, or changes in our contract manufacturers’ ability to comply with their contractual obligations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our reliance on a small number of contract manufacturers makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Even though we have commenced manufacturing in our facilityfacilities in Israel, the expected production volumes will not be sufficient to relieve our significant dependence on our contract manufacturers. In addition, we remain heavily dependent on suppliers of the components needed for our manufacturing.
The revenues that our contract manufacturers generate from our orders represent a relatively small percentage of their overall revenues. Therefore, fulfilling our orders may not be considered a priority in the event of constrained ability to fulfill all of their customer obligations in a timely manner. In addition, the facilities in which our products are manufactured are located outside of the U.S., currently in China, Vietnam, Israel, Hungary and Mexico, where the ramping up process is expected to be completed in the first half of 2023. The location of our facilities outside of key markets such as the U.S. increases shipping time, thereby causing a long lead time between manufacturing and delivery.
If either of our contract manufacturers were unable or unwilling to manufacture our products in required volumes and at high quality levels or continue to supply under existing terms, we would have to identify, qualify, and select acceptable alternative contract manufacturers, which may not be available to us when needed or may be unable to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms. Any significant interruption in manufacturing would require us to reduce our supply of products to our customers or increase our shipping costs to make up for delays in manufacturing, which in turn could reduce our revenues, harm our relationships with our customers, subject us to liquidated damages for late deliveries, and damage our reputation with local installers and potential end-users, all of which will cause us to forego potential revenue opportunities.
Further, the ramp of a new contract manufacturer is time consuming and draining on the resources of our operations team. For example, in light of the IRA, legislation in the United States that incentivizes the local manufacturing of renewable energy products by providing benefits to installers for the purchase and installation of U.S.-manufactured products as well as by incentivizing manufacturers of such products domestically, we have engaged two contract manufacturers in the U.S. Our ability to ramp up production with these contract manufacturers in a timely manner, and to realize the benefits from the IRA as planned, is dependent upon supply times of equipment deliveries and readiness of the assembly lines, recruitment and training of the necessary work force, ramp up of the assembly lines and the quality of the initial production.
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We may experience delays, disruptions, or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations.
Our product development, manufacturing, and testing processes are complex and require significant technological and production process expertise involving several precise steps from design to production. Any change in our processes could cause one or more production errors, requiring a temporary suspension or delay in our production line until the errors can be identified and properly rectified. This may occur particularly as we introduce new products, modify our engineering and production techniques, and/or expand our capacity. In addition, our failure to maintain appropriate quality assurance processes could result in increased product failures, loss of customers, increased warranty reserve, increased costs and delays, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We depend on a limited number of suppliers for key components and raw materials in our products to adequately meet anticipated demand. Due to the limited number of such suppliers, any changes or shortages in raw materials or key components we use could result in sales delays, higher costs associated with air shipments, cancellations, and loss of market share.
We depend on limited or single source suppliers for certain key components and raw materials used to manufacture our products, making us susceptible to quality issues, shortages and price changes. Any of these limited or single source suppliers could stop supplying, or offering at commercially reasonable prices, our components or raw materials, cease operations or be acquired by, or enter into exclusive arrangements with our competitors. Moreover, we rely on suppliers in China for certain key components, and rising tensions between China and other countries could damage our relationships with these suppliers. Because there are a few suppliers of raw materials used to manufacture our products, it may be difficult to timely identify and/or qualify alternate suppliers on commercially reasonable terms; therefore, our ability to satisfy customer demand may be adversely affected. Transitioning to a new supplier or redesigning a product to accommodate a new component manufacturer would result in additional costs and delays that could harm our business or financial performance.
In addition, given our dependence on suppliers in China, changes in international trade policies, tariffs, or trade disputes could significantly and adversely affect our business, revenues, margins, results of operations, and cash flows.
Managing our supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult when we are introducing new products. For example, as we began to ramp assembly and production of powertrain kits for the automotive industry, we became heavily reliant on new third-party suppliers that needed to be approved through rigorous testing and validation processes for use in our supply chain. Once selected, it is time consuming and costly to replace such vendors. The same is true for our residential Home Batteryand commercial battery for which we rely on a single source for supply of the lithium ionlithium-ion cells. Any delay or shortage of supply or inability to deliver the components to our manufacturing facilities could harm our business or financial performance.
Any interruption in the supply of limited source components or raw materials for our products would adversely affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could result in lost revenue or higher expenses associated with increased air shipments required to meet customer demand in a timely manner and would harm our business. For example, in 2021 and 2022, we continue to experienceexperienced raw material shortages due to increased lead time which may affectaffected our ability to timely receive certain components within the previously expected lead times. TheseIf this were to reoccur, such shortages maycould result in a delay in sales, higher costs associated with air shipments, cancellations of orders by customers, liquidated damages for late deliveries and loss of market share.
Disruption in our global supply chain and rising prices of oil and raw materials as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may adversely affect our businesses and results of operations.
The conflict that began between Russia and Ukraine in late February 2022 may significantly amplify already existing disruptions to our supply-chain and logistics. Specifically, the conflict may disrupt the transit of goods by train from China to Europe, resulting in an increase in prices of certain raw materials sourced in Russia (such as nickel and aluminum) that we use in the manufacture of our products as well as increase in oil prices that will in turn cause overall shipping costs to rise. In addition, the governments of the United States,U.S., the European Union, Japan and other jurisdictions have announced sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia and the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as enhanced export controls on certain products and industries. These and any additional sanctions, as well as any counter responses by the governments of Russia or other jurisdictions, could adversely affect the global financial markets generally and levels of economic activity as well as increase financial markets volatility. ,volatility and any additional measures or sanctions, as well as the resulting rise in prices of oil and certain raw materials sourced in Russia may disrupt our business and results of operations and/or adversely affect the pricing of our products.
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We rely on distributors and large installers to assist in selling our products, and the failure of these customers to perform as expected could reduce our future revenues.
Our customers’ decisions to purchase our products are influenced by several factors outside of our control. The agreements we have with some of our largest customers do not have long-term purchase commitments and are generally cancellable by either party after a relatively short notice period. The loss of, or events affecting, one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations (see Note 2aa2.aa to our consolidated financial statements).
In addition, we do not have exclusive arrangements with our third-party distributors and large installers, many of which also market and sell products from our competitors. These distributors and large installers may terminate their relationships with us at any time and with little or no notice. Further, these distributors and large installers may fail to devote resources necessary to sell our products at the prices, in the volumes, and within the time frames that we expect, or may focus their marketing and sales efforts on products of our competitors. Termination of agreements with current distributors or large installers, failure by these distributors or large installers to perform as expected, or failure by us to cultivate new distributor or large installer relationships, could hinder our ability to expand our operations and harmcould negatively impact our revenue and results of operations.
In the second half of 2023 and into 2024, with the downturn of the renewable energy demand, some players in the market have announced exiting the solar market and others have shown signs of financial distress. For example, in January 2024, ADT announced that it was exiting the residential solar business completely after having bought Sunpro Solar in 2021. ADT was not a customer of SolarEdge, but the trend could continue and SolarEdge customers could also decide to exit the solar business. Some of our customers and some installers who purchase our products from distributors have shown signs of financial distress and some have requested and received extended payment terms or loans from us. If these installers and distributors become insolvent or if some of their customers fail to pay our distributors for products sold by such distributors, we may need to write off some of their debt to us and we may suffer harm to our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Mergers in the solar industry among our current or potential customers may adversely affect our competitive position.
There has been an increase in consolidation activities among distributors, large installers, and other strategic partners in the solar industry. For example, in October 2020, Sunrun, a leading provider of residential solar, battery storage and energy services, acquired Vivint Solar. In addition, in December 2021, Stem Inc., a storage software and services company acquired AlsoEnergy, a solar asset management software company. If this consolidation continues and impacts our customers, it will further increase our reliance on a small number of customers for a significant portion of our sales and may negatively impact our competitive position in the solar market.
Our planned expansion into new geographic markets or new product lines or services could subject us to additional business, financial, and competitive risks.
We have in the past, and may in the future, evaluate opportunities to expand into new geographic markets and introduce new product offerings and services. We also may from time to time engage in acquisitions of businesses or product lines with the potential to strengthen and expand our market position, technological capabilities, or provide synergy opportunities. For example, we intend to continue to introduce new products targeted at large commercial and utility-scale installations and to continue to expand into other international markets.
Our successful operation in these new markets, or any acquired business, will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to develop solutions to address the requirements of the large commercial and utility-scale solar PV markets, timely certification of new products for large commercial and utility-scale solar PV installations, acceptance of power optimizers in solar PV markets in which they have not traditionally been used, and our ability to manage increased manufacturing capacity and production and to identify and integrate any acquired businesses.
Further, we expect these new solar PV markets and additional markets we have entered, or may enter, into to have different characteristics from the markets in which we currently sell our products. Our success will depend on our ability to properly adapt to these differences, which include differing regulatory requirements, such as tax laws, trade laws, labor regulations, tariffs, export quotas, customs duties, or other trade restrictions, limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection, international, political or economic conditions, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, longer sales cycles, warranty expectations, product return policies and cost, and performance and compatibility requirements. In addition, expanding into new geographic markets will increase our exposure to existing risks, such as fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and increased expenses in complying with U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and trade standards, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”).
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Failure to successfully develop and introduce these new products, successfully integrate acquired businesses,
or to otherwise manage the risks and challenges associated with our potential expansion into new product and geographic markets, could adversely affect our revenues and our ability to sustain profitability.
If we fail to build our non-solar businesses and manage future growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of customer service, or adequately address competitive challenges.
We have experiencedspent significant resources in the past five years on organic and non-organic growth in recent periods with our annual product sales growing rapidly from approximately 152,500 inverters and approximately 3.6 million power optimizers in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015, to annual product sales exceeding 1.0 million inverters and 23.6 million power optimizers in the year ended December 31, 2022. We intend to continueorder to expand our business significantly within existing and new markets. This growth has placed, and any future growth may place, a significant strain on our management, operational, and financial infrastructure. In particular, we will be required to expand, train, and manage our growing employee base and scale and otherwise improve our IT infrastructure in tandem with such headcount growth. Our management will also be required to maintain and expand our relationships with customers, suppliers, and other third parties and attract new customers and suppliers, as well as manage multiple geographic locationslocations..
Conversely, the recent decline in demand for our products requires us to be flexible and react rapidly to changes in market conditions for example by reducing manufacturing capacity and decreasing expenses where growth has slowed down while retaining the ability to quickly increase manufacturing capacity should conditions change. Our ability to timely react to market conditions is not always in our control and any inability to do so could also adversely impact our business. For example, in January 2024, we announced adoption of a restructuring plan in response to challenging industry conditions that included a reduction in workforce.
Our current and planned operations, personnel, customer support, IT, information systems, and other systems and procedures might be inadequate to support our future growth and may require us to make additional unanticipated investment in our infrastructure. Our success and ability to further scale our business will depend, in part, on our ability to manage these changes in an efficient manner. If we cannot manage changes in the downturn and upturn in our growth,industry swiftly and efficiently, we may be unable to take advantage of market opportunities when they arise, execute our business plans or strategies, or respond to competitive pressures. This could also result in declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increased costs, difficulties in introducing new offerings, or other operational difficulties. Any failure to effectively manage growth and changes in demand could adversely impact our business and reputation.
We have discontinued our e-Mobility business, resulting in the write-off of tangible and intangible assets.
We may not realize expected benefits from our cost reduction and restructuring efforts, and our profitability or our business otherwise might be adversely affected.
In order to operate more efficiently and cost effectively, we have, and we may from time to time, adjust employment levels, optimize our footprint and/or implement other restructuring activities. For example, in January 2024, we announced adoption of a restructuring plan in response to challenging industry conditions, including a reduction in workforce. These activities are complex and may involve or require significant changes to our operations. If we do not successfully manage these activities, expected efficiencies and benefits might be delayed or not realized. Risks associated with these actions and other workforce management issues include: unfavorable political responses and reputational harm; unforeseen delays in the implementation of the restructuring activities; additional costs; adverse effects on employee morale; the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees or work stoppages; and difficulty managing our operations during or after facility consolidations, any of which may impair our ability to achieve anticipated cost reductions, harm our business or reputation, or have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
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Any unauthorized access to, disclosure, or theft of personal information we gather, store, or use could harm our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation.
Our business and operations may be impacted by cybersecurity incidents data security breaches and cybersecurity attacks, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to confidential data. We receive, store, and use certain personal information of our employees, customers, and the end-users of our customers’ solar PV systems. We may also share information with contractors and third-party providers to conduct our business. Although such contractors and third-party providers typically implement encryption and authentication technologies to secure the transmission and storage of data, those third-party providers may experience a significant data security breach, which may also detrimentally affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
As detailed in Item 106 - Cybersecurity, we take steps to protect the security, integrity, and confidentiality of the personal information we process; however, we have been subject to cybersecurity attacks and other information technology system disruptions in the past and there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized access, use or disclosure will not occur despite our efforts. BecauseAs such, while we have not experienced a material cybersecurity incident to date, a material cybersecurity incident could materially affect our operations and production, including our ability to produce goods or provide services and our ability to timely and accurately produce financial reports. In addition, because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until after they are launched against a target, we and our suppliers or vendors may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigatory measures.
Unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, any personal information maintained by us or on our behalf, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers or vendors by an unauthorized third party, or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse, or otherwise, could harm our business, particularly in light of the European General Data Protection Regulation, the California Consumer Privacy Act, and China Personal Information Protection Law (PIP), and other state and federal laws in the U.S., which cameare already in effect or are coming into effect November 1, 2021.between 2024 and 2026. If any such unauthorized use manipulation, corruption, loss, or disclosure of, or access to, such personal information were to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted, including the inability to render services due to system outages, and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. Finally, anyAny perceived or actual unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our ability to attract and retain customers, and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Third parties, our employees, or our vendors might gain unauthorized access to our network or seek to compromise our products and services.
Occasionally, we face attempts by others, including our own employees or vendors, to access our networks, to gain unauthorized access through the Internet, introduce malicious software to our information technology (IT) systems, or corrupt the processes of hardware and software products that we manufacture and services we provide. We or our products may be a target of computer hackers, organizations or malicious attackers who attempt to gain access to our network or data centers or those of our customers or end users; steal proprietary information related to our business, products, employees, and customers; or interrupt our systems or those of our customers or others. Occasionally, we encounter intrusions or attempts at gaining unauthorized access to our network. To date, none of these incidents have resulted in any material adverse impact to our business or operations, although there can be no guarantee that such impacts will not be material in the future. While we seek to detect and investigate all unauthorized attempts and attacks against our network and products, and to prevent their recurrence where practicable, we remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats. In addition to intentional third-party cyber-securitycybersecurity breaches, the integrity and confidentiality of Company and customer data may be compromised as a result of human error, product defects, or technological failures. Cyber-securityCybersecurity breaches, whether successful or unsuccessful, and other IT system interruptions, including those resulting from human error and technological failures, could subject us to significant costs arising from, among others, rebuilding internal systems, reduced inventory value, providing modifications to our products and services, defending against litigation, responding to official inquiries or actions, paying damages, or taking other remedial steps with respect to third parties.
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Our entry into business engagements with military bodies as our customers in the lithium-ion battery and energy storage business embodies a risk for potentially large-scale and uncapped liability.
As a result of the acquisition of our Korean subsidiary (formerly Kokam), we sell a small portion of our products to customers who integrate our storage systems or cells and then sell these products to military customers. Our sales to military customers often involve standard form contracts, which may not be subject to negotiation. In particular, certain of these contracts involve unlimited damages provisions that could result in large-scale liabilities.
Our entry into adjacent markets through recent acquisitions is new and highly competitive and it is difficult to evaluate our future in these new markets. Our business could be materially adversely affected as a result of the risks associated with acquisitions and investments. In particular,investments including our ability to effectively integrate such acquisitions.
Our non-solar businesses in adjacent markets, such as energy storage, are highly competitive markets in which we will need to compete. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including unpredictable and volatile revenues and increased expenses as our business continues to grow. For example, in October 2023, we decided to discontinue our light commercial vehicle e-Mobility ("LCV") activity related to the supply of products to the sole customer and do not plan to be active in the e-Mobility business in 2024. The viability and demand for our products and services may not succeed in future acquisitions or be effective in integrating such acquisitions.affected by many factors beyond our control, including:
| • | cost competitiveness, reliability and performance of storage solutions, including the price of raw materials for battery cells and the manufacturing costs of battery cells, packs and containers; |
| • | competing new technologies at more competitive prices than those we offer for our products and services; |
| • | prices of traditional carbon-based energy sources; and |
| • | the emergence, continuance or success of, or increased government support for, other alternative energy generation and storage technologies and products. |
As part of our growth strategy, we have made a number of acquisitions, and may continue to make acquisitions and investments in the future. We frequently evaluate the tactical or strategic opportunities available related to complementary businesses, products or technologies. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in making additional acquisitions. Even if we are successful in making additional acquisitions, integrating an acquired company’s business into ours or investing in new technologies may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and large expenditures and absorb significant management attention that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business, both of which may result in the loss of key customers or personnel and expose us to unanticipated liabilities. Further, we may not be able to retain the key employees that may be necessary to operate the businesses we acquire and we may not be able to attract, in a timely manner, new skilled employees and management to replace them.
We may not be able to consummate acquisitions or investments that we have identified as crucial to the implementation of our strategy for other commercial or economic reasons. Further, we may not be able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, including those of competition authorities and foreign investment authorities, in countries where we seek to consummate acquisitions or make investments. For those and other reasons, we may ultimately fail to consummate an acquisition, even if we announce the intended acquisition.
Our headquarters and research and development center are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic, and military conditions in Israel directly affect us. Israel has been and is currently involved in a number of armed conflicts and is the target of terrorist activity, including threats from Hezbollah militants in Lebanon, Iranian militia in Syria, and others. OngoingThe state of hostility varying in degree such as rocket fire from the Gaza Strip, has occurred on an irregular basis, disruptingdisrupts day-to-day civilian activity and negatively affectingaffects our business conditions. We cannot predict whether
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Violence between Hamas and Israel intensified on October 7th, 2023 when the terrorist group launched an unprecedented attack on Israel. On October 8, 2023 the Israeli Government declared that the Security Cabinet of the State of Israel approved a war situation in Israel. Since our headquarters and most of our employees operate from Israel, the state of war has disrupted and is continuing to disrupt our business operations. This situation has impacted the availability of our workforce, as part of our workforce in Israel, where we are headquartered, have been called into active reserve duty. In November 2023, the Houthis, a rebel Shi'a group in Yemen began attacking international shipping lanes in the red sea forcing commercial ships to redirect away from the Bab al Mandab Strait and find alternative longer and safer travel routes. If this situation continues or when such armed conflictsintensifies shipment costs and energy prices may increase which in turn may have an impact on the Company as well as on the global economy. While our offices and facilities are open worldwide, including in Israel, and, to date, we have not had disruptions to our ability to manufacture and deliver products and services to customers, a prolonged war or attacks may occur oran escalation of the extent to which such events may impact us. Anycurrent conditions in Israel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In addition, any future armed conflict, political instability or violence in the region may impede our ability to manage our business effectively, operate our manufacturing plant in northern Israel, engage in research and development, or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations. In the event of escalation of the current war situation or others, we may be forced to cease operations, which may cause delays in the distribution and sale of our products. Some of our directors, executive officers, and employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israeli military and are subject to being called for additional active duty under emergency circumstances. In the event that our principal executive office is damaged as a result of hostile action, or hostilities otherwise disruptingdisrupt the ongoing operation of our offices, our ability to operate could be materially adversely affected.
Additionally, several countries principally in the Middle East, restrict doing business with Israeli companies, and additional countries and groups may impose similar restrictions if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continue or increase. If instability in neighboring states results in the establishment of fundamentalist Islamic regimes or governments more hostile to Israel, or if Egypt Turkey, or Jordan abrogates its respective peace treaty with Israel, Israel could be subject to additional political, economic, and military confines, and our operations and ability to sell our products to countries in the region could be materially adversely affected.
Any current or future hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additionally, in 2023, the Israeli government has announced plans to significantly reduce the Israeli Supreme Court's judicial oversight, including reducing its ability to strike down legislation that it deems unreasonable, and plans to increase political influence over the selection of judges. These.. Although the Israeli Supreme Court partially struck down these plans, have prompted proteststhe current government has vowed to make other changes to law that limit the powers of Israeli citizens and criticism of leading Israeli business leaders as well as some foreign leaders.the Supreme Court. If such government plans are eventually enacted, they may cause operational challenges for us since we are headquartered in Israel and approximately halfmany of our employees are located in Israel. In addition, if foreign policy is negatively impacted with regard to Israel, this could impact our business with suppliers and customers which could in turn adversely impact our reputation, results of operations or financial condition.
The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes.
Our Israeli subsidiary was eligible for certain tax benefits provided to “Benefited Enterprises” under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (the “Investments Law”). Beginning in January 2019, and with respect to its taxable results from 2019 onwards, our Israeli subsidiary further elected to apply the terms of the Investments Law as per “Preferred“Preferred Enterprise” (“PE”) or “Preferred Technological Enterprise” (“PTE”). In order to remain eligible for the tax benefits for “Benefited Enterprises” with respect to our Israeli subsidiary’s taxable results until 2018 and with respect to its taxable results from 2019 for PE or PTE, we must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investments Law and its regulations, as amended. If these tax benefits are reduced, cancelled, or discontinued, or if we are held to have violated the conditions stipulated in the Law, our Israeli taxable income would be subject, in whole or in part, to regular Israeli corporate tax rates and we may be required to refund any tax benefits that we have already received, plus interest and penalties thereon. The statutory corporate tax rate for Israeli companies is 23% as of January 1, 2018 and onward. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel through acquisitions or otherwise through our Israeli subsidiary, our existing or expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in existing or future Israeli tax benefit programs. The Israeli government may furthermore independently determine to reduce, phase out or eliminate entirely the benefit programs under the Investments Law, regardless of whether we then qualify for benefits under those programs at the time, which would also adversely affect our global tax rate and our results of operations.
It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a U.S. court against our officers and directors, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel, or to serve process on our officers and directors.
Many of our directors and executive officers, their assets, and most of our assets are located outside of the U.S. Consequently, a judgment obtained against any of these persons, including a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be collectible in the U.S. It also may be difficult to effect service of process on these persons in the U.S. or to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws on the grounds of forum non conveniens. In addition, even if an Israeli court hears a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proven as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a lengthy and costly process. Further, an Israeli court may not enforce a judgment awarded by a U.S. or other non-Israeli court. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel that addresses these matters. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against any of these persons in Israel, judgment against many of our directors and executive officers may be unachievable or unenforceable.
We are dependent on ocean transportation to deliver our products in a timely and cost efficient manner. If we are unable to use ocean transportation to deliver our products, our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted. Additionally, we are impacted by storage prices that have increased in the past year.
We rely on ocean transportation for the delivery of most of our products to our customers, and when unavailable, incompatible with customer delivery time requirements, or when we are unable to accommodate accelerated delivery times due to growing customer volume demands or shipment constraints, we rely on alternative, more expensive air transportation. Our ability to deliver our products via ocean transportation could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor, disruptions to ports and other shipping facilities as a result of the Covid-19 or other epidemics and other factors not within our control. If we are unable to use ocean transportation and are required to substitute more expensive air transportation, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.
While we have witnessed a reduction in shipment rates in the fourth quarter of 2022, during the year ended December 31, 2022, we experienced an increase in the cost of goodsrevenues sold due to an increase in shipping rates that resulted from a reduction in ocean freight capacity and the reduction in the availability of air freight that increased the demand for ocean freight. We also experienced disruptions to our logistics supply chain caused by constraints in the global transportation system including limited availability of local ground transportation coupled with congestion in ports and borders. In the second half of 2023, we experienced increased storage fees, associated with higher levels of inventory and general increases in pricing for storage.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Although our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, 60.1% 68.2% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 20222023 were generated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. In addition, a significant portion of our operating expenses are accrued in New Israeli Shekels (primarily related to payroll), the Euro and, to a lesser extent, the South Korean Won (“KRW”) and other currencies. As detailed in the Foreign Currency Exchange Risk under Item 7A -Quantitative- Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, our profitability is affected by movements of the U.S. dollar against the Euro, and, to a lesser extent, the New Israeli Shekel, KRW and other currencies in which we generate revenues, incur expenses and maintain cash balances. Foreign currency fluctuations may also affect the prices of our products which are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. If there is a devaluation of a particular currency, the prices of our products will increase relative to the local currency and may be less competitive. Despite our efforts to minimize foreign currency risks, primarily by maintaining cash balances in New Israeli Shekels, significant long-term fluctuations in relative currency values, in particular a significant change in the relative values of the Euro and, New Israeli Shekel, KRW and other currencies, against the U.S. dollar could have an adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition.
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Occasionally, we may enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge the exchange rates impacts on our assets, liabilities and liabilitiescertain transactions denominated in Israeli Shekels, Euro, KRW and other currencies.
Our hedging activities may also contribute to increased losses as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets. If foreign exchange currency markets continue to be volatile, such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our profit margins and results of operations in future periods, and may make it difficult to hedge our foreign currency exposures effectively.
We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility.responsibility and sustainability, including the impact of evolving legal and regulatory requirements.
We are facing increasing scrutiny related to our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices and requested disclosures by institutional and individual investors who are increasingly using ESG screening criteria in making investment decisions. Our disclosures on these matters or a failure to satisfy evolving stakeholder expectations for ESG practices and reporting may potentially harm our reputation and impact relationships with investors. Certain market participants including major institutional investors use third-party benchmarks or scores to measure our ESG practices in making investment decisions. Furthermore, some of our customers and suppliers evaluate our ESG practices or request that we adopt certain ESG policies as a condition of awarding contracts. At the same time, stakeholders and regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation, and investment expectations with respect to sustainability initiatives, including the enactment or proposal of “anti-ESG” legislation or policies in certain U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, our failure or perceived failure to pursue or fulfill our goals, targets and objectives or to satisfy various reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could expose us to government enforced actions and/or private litigation.
As ESG best-practices,ESG-related, reporting standards and disclosure requirements continue to develop, we may incur increasing costs related to ESG monitoring and reporting. For example, in March 2022, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission proposed climate disclosure rules that would require public companies to significantly increase disclosure of GHG emissions and strategies, targets, costs and risks associated with climate change and the energy transition. Additionally, in January 2023, the EU enacted the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, which will require sustainability reporting across a broad range of environmental, social and governance topics for both EU and non-EU companies, and in October 2023, California enacted legislation addressing the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, climate-related risks, environmental claims and the use or sale of voluntary carbon offsets. Numerous countries have also begun proposing climate-reporting frameworks aligned with the International Sustainability Standards Board standards. These proposed regulatory changes related to climate change and reporting could increase the complexity of and costs associated with compliance with such regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Complications with the design or implementation of our new ERP system could adversely impact our business and operations.
We rely extensively on information systems and technology to manage our business and summarize operating results. We are in the process of a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. This ERP system will replace our existing operating and financial systems. The ERP system is designed to accurately maintain the Company’s financial records, enhance operational functionality and provide timely information to the Company’s management team related to the operation of the business. The ERP system implementation process has required, and will continue to require, the investment of significant personnel and financial resources. We may not be able to successfully implement the ERP system without experiencing delays, increased costs and other difficulties. If we are unable to successfully design and implement the new ERP system as planned, our financial positions, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted. Additionally, if we do not effectively implement the ERP system as planned or the ERP system does not operate as intended, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could be adversely affected or our ability to assess those controls adequately could be delayed.
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Natural disasters, public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches, or other catastrophic events could adversely affect our operations.
Our worldwide operations could be subject to natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches and other catastrophic business disruptions, which could harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We own manufacturing facilities in Israel, Italy and South Korea and rely on third-party manufacturing facilities, including for all product assembly and final testing of our products, which are performed at third-party manufacturing facilities, in China, Vietnam, Hungary, and the United States. There may be conflict or uncertainty in the countries in which we operate, including public health issues (for example, a pandemic or an outbreak of contagious diseases or health epidemics), safety issues, natural disasters, fire, disruptions of service from utilities, nuclear power plant accidents, regional wars, or general economic or political factors. Such risks could result in an increase in the cost of components, production delays, general business interruptions, delays from difficulties in obtaining export licenses for certain technology, tariffs and other barriers and restrictions, longer payment cycles, increased taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of funds and the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, any of which could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business.
In the event that natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), public health epidemics or technical catastrophes were to damage or destroy any part of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturers, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations or services for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to Legal, Compliance and Regulations
The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications could reduce demand for solar PV systems and harm our business.
Federal, state, local and foreign government bodies provide incentives to promote solar electricity in the form of rebates, tax credits or exemptions and other financial incentives. The market for on-grid applications, where solar power is used to supplement a customer’s electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, often depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives. Because our customers’ sales are typically intoto the on-grid market, the reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and incentives for on-grid solar electricity may negatively affect the desirability of solar electricity and could harm or halt the growth of the solar electricity industry and our business. For example, in 2015 the U.S. congress passed a multi-year extension to the solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC), and such extension helped grow the U.S. solar market. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) extended the term of the ITC through 2034. However, future reduction in the ITC could reduce the demand for solar energy solutions in the U.S. which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In general, subsidies and incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is reduced or terminated due to, inter alia, legal challenges, adoption of new statutes or regulations or the passage of time, they often occur without warning.
In addition, several jurisdictions have adopted renewable portfolio standards, mandating that a certain portion of electricity delivered by utilities to customers come from a set of eligible renewable energy resources, such as solar, by a certain compliance date. Under some programs, a utility can receive a “credit” for renewable energy produced by a third party by either purchasing the electricity directly from the producer or paying a fee to obtain the right to renewable energy generated but used or sold by the generator. A renewable energy credit allows the utility to add this electricity to its renewable portfolio requirement without actually expending the capital for generating facilities. However, there can be no assurances that such policies will continue. Reduction or elimination of renewable portfolio standards or successful efforts to meet current standards could harm or halt the growth of the solar PV industry and our business.
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”)IRA was signed into federal law. The IRA provides for, among other things, certain incentives, including certain tax credits, intended to promote clean energy. Given thatThe Company has invested resources in establishing a manufacturing presence in the U.S. to benefit from the incentives available under the IRA, is a complex new pieceincluding benefits to installers for the purchase and installation of legislation, additional guidance onU.S. manufactured products and incentives for manufacturers of such products domestically. Moreover, we incorporated into our financial planning and agreements with our customers and suppliers certain assumptions regarding the regulatory treatmentfuture level of the IRA is expected from the Internal Revenue Service and U.S. Treasury Department. It is currently uncertain the extent to which all of our products will qualify for suchtax incentives. Any unfavorable regulatory treatment, or guidance, including any taxexpiration of or changes to the benefits being made available, which we relied upon in structuring certain projects and investments, or any adverse impacts on our ability to competing technology and notramp up production in the U.S. in a timely manner to our technology,benefit from the incentives available under the IRA, could adversely impact our business and financial condition.
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Changes to net metering policies may reduce demand for electricity from solar PV systems and harm our business.
Our business benefits from favorable net metering policies in most U.S. states and some European countries, that allow a solar PV system owner to pay his or her electric utility only for power usage net of production from the solar PV system. System owners receive credit for the energy that the solar installation generates to offset energy usage at times when the solar installation is not generating energy. Under a net metering program, the customer typically pays for the net energy used or receives a credit against future bills if more energy is produced than consumed.
Most U.S. states have adopted some form of net metering. Yet, net metering programs have recently come under regulatory scrutiny in some U.S. states due to allegations that net metering policies inequitably shift costs onto non-solar ratepayers, by allowing solar ratepayers to sell electricity at rates that are too high for utilities to recoup their fixed costs. For example, in 2019, Louisiana Public Service Commissions adopted net metering policies aimingaimed at lowering the solar customers’ savings. In December 2022, the California Public Utilities Commission voted to approve lowering current net energy metering tariffs, in addition to imposing a new grid-connection fee, on new rooftop solar users theusers. The tariff cuts are intended to becomebecame effective in April of 2023. This new rate plan, known as NEM 3.0, has significantly reduced how much money California solar homeowners receive for a PV system resulting in a reduced rate of installations in the second half of 2023. We cannot assure yoube certain that thesesimilar programs will not be significantlyadopted in other states or that existing programs will not be further modified going forward.
If the value of the credit that customers receive for net metering is reduced, end-users may be unable to recognizeit could impact the current level of cost savings associated with net metering. The absence of favorable net metering policies or of net metering entirely, or the imposition of new charges that only or disproportionately affect end-users that use net metering would significantly limit demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth.
Existing electric utility industry regulations and changes to regulations, may present technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar PV systems, that may significantly reduce demand for our products or harm our ability to compete. In addition, determinations of various regulatory bodies regarding lack of compliance with certifications or other regulatory requirements, could harm our ability to sell our products in certain countries.
Federal, state, local and foreign government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, and internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities, heavily influence the market for electricity generation products and services, and could deter purchases of solar PV systems sold by our customers, significantly reducing the potential demand for our products. For example, utilities commonly charge fees to larger, industrial customers for disconnecting from the electric grid or for having the capacity to use power from the electric grid for back-up purposes. These fees could increase the cost to use solar PV systems sold by our customers and make them less desirable, thereby harming our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, depending on the region, electricity generated by solar PV systems competes most effectively with expensive peak-hour electricity from the electric grid, rather than the less expensive average price of electricity. Modifications to the utilities’ peak hour pricing policies or rate design, such as to a flat rate, could require the price of solar PV systems and their component parts to be lower in order to compete with the price of electricity from the electric grid.
Changes in current laws or regulations applicable to us or the imposition of new laws and regulations in the U.S., Europe, or other jurisdictions in which we do business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any changes to government or internal utility regulations and policies that favor electric utilities could reduce the competitiveness of solar PV systems sold by our customers, and causing a significant reduction in demand for our products and services. In addition, changes in our products or changes in export and import laws and implementing regulations may delay the introduction of new products in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products internationally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Compliance with various regulatory requirements and standards is a prerequisite for placing our products on the market in most countries in which we do business. We have all such certifications but there are at times, challenges by local administrative telecommunications, consumer board or other authorities that can place sales bans on products. For example, in December 2021, the Swedish Electrical Safety Board announced that certain models of our power optimizers are subject to a sales ban alleging that they do not meet the EMC Directive. While we disagree with this finding and maintain our position that all current SolarEdge products are tested, approved and compliant with the EMC Directive and other EU regulations, any such rulings can have a negative impact on our business and reputation. In this specific incident, we have already begun transitioning into our next generation optimizers and do not expect any impact on our business in Sweden or elsewhere.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property
If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.
Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and unfair competition laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements and other contractual provisions with our customers, suppliers, employees, and others, to establish and protect our intellectual property (IP) and other proprietary rights. Our ability to enforce these rights is subject to litigation risks, as well as uncertainty as to the enforceability of our IP rights in various countries, specifically claims that our IP rights are invalid or unenforceable. Our assertion of IP rights may result in another party seeking to assert claims against us, which could harm our business. Our inability to enforce our IP rights under any of these circumstances can harm our competitive position and business.
We have applied for patents in the U.S., Europe, China, and other jurisdictions, some of which have been issued. We cannot guarantee that any of our pending applications will be approved or that our existing and future intellectual property rights will be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technology. Any failure to obtain such approvals or finding that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable could force us to, among other things, rebrand or re-design our affected products. In countries where we have not applied for patent protection or where effective intellectual property protection is not available to the same extent as in the U.S., we may be at greater risk that our proprietary rights will be misappropriated, infringed, or otherwise violated.
Our intellectual property may be stolen or infringed upon. In fact, as further detailedWe were in Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings” we are engagedthe past and may in severalthe future engage in legal proceedings related to intellectual property. Litigation proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse rulings may occur, including monetary damages, injunction stopping us from manufacturing or selling certain products, or requiring other remedies. These lawsuitsLawsuits are intended to protect our significant investment in our intellectual property, but they also may consume management and financial resources for long periods of time and may not result in favorable outcome for us, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Third parties may assert that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs, and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.
Our competitors and other third parties hold numerous patents related to technology used in our industry. Occasionally, we may also be subject to claims of intellectual property right infringement and related litigation, and, as we gain greater recognition in the market, we face a higher risk of being the subject to claims of violation of others’ intellectual property rights. For example, in July 2022, we were served with a complaint by Ampt LLC filed with the International Trade Commission pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended and the District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement against the Company and its subsidiary SolarEdge Technologies Ltd. Please see Item 3 - Legal ProceedingsIn May 2023, we entered into a settlement agreement under which the parties agreed to dismiss all proceedings related to the complaints and the parties have granted each other 10-year cross-licenses for additional information.certain intellectual property.
Responding to such claims can be time consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and may cause us to incur significant expenses in litigation or settlement. While we believe that our products and technology do not infringe in any material respect upon any valid third-party IP rights, we cannot be certain of successfully defending against any such claims. If we do not successfully defend or settle an IP claim, we could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content, or brands. To avoid a prohibition, we could seek a license from the applicable third party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, increasing our operating expenses. If a license is unavailable at all or unavailable on reasonable terms, we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop a non-violating alternative, we could be forced to modify, limit or, in extreme cases, stop manufacturing and sales of our affected products in the relevant country and may be unable to effectively compete. Any of these results could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees, which could result in litigation and adversely affect our business.
We enter into agreements with our employees pursuant to which they agree that any inventions created in the scope of their employment or engagement are assigned to us or owned exclusively by us, depending on the jurisdiction, without the employee retaining any rights. A significant portion of our intellectual property has been developed by our employees in the course of their employment for us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 5727-1967 (the “Patent Law”), inventions conceived by an employee during the scope of his or her employment with a company are regarded as “service inventions,” which belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer giving the employee service invention rights. The Patent Law also provides that if there is no such agreement between an employer and an employee, the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee (the “Committee”), a body constituted under the Patent Law, shall determine whether the employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her inventions. Case law clarifies that the right to receive consideration for “service inventions” can be waived by the employee and that in certain circumstances, such waiver does not necessarily have to be explicit. The Committee will examine, on a case-by-case basis, the general contractual framework between the parties, using interpretation rules of the general Israeli contract laws. Further, the Committee has not yet determined the method for calculating this Committee-enforced remuneration, but rather uses the criteria specified in the Patent Law. Although our employees have agreed that any rights related to their inventions are owned exclusively by us, we may face claims demanding remuneration in consideration for such acknowledgement. As a consequence of such claims, we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current and/or former employees, or be forced to litigate such claims, which could negatively affect our business.
If our goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected.
Due to our latest acquisitions and following the latest impairment recorded during 2022,2023, goodwill and other intangible assets totaled approximately $51.1$78.3 million, or approximately 1.2%1.7% of our total assets, as of December 31, 2022.2023. We test our goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment, and we assess on an as-needed basis whether there have been impairments in our other intangible assets, which include complex, and often subjective, assumptions and estimates. These assumptions and estimates can be affected by a variety of external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy or our internal forecasts. To the extent that the factors described above change, we could be required to record additional non-cash impairment charges in the future, which could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations (see(see Notes 89 and 910 of the financial statements for additional information).
Risks Related to our Notes and the Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our common stock price during the year ended December 31, 2022,2023, ranged from $190.15 $63.25 to $375.90$345.80 per share. As further detailed in the Performance Graph in Item 5 below, the price of our Common Stock in 20222023 was highly volatile and may fluctuate in response to our results of operations in future periods or due to other factors, including factors specific to companies in our industry, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, our share price may experience significant volatility and may not necessarily reflect the value of our expected performance. We have been subject to securities class action litigation as a result of our stock price volatility, which could result in substantial cost and diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
Among other factors that could affect our stock price are:
| • | the addition or loss of significant customers; |
| • | changes in laws or regulations applicable to our industry, products or services; |
| • | speculation about our business in the press or the investment community; |
| • | price and volume fluctuations including due to general macro-economic and geopolitical changes and developments in the overall stock market; |
| • | volatility in the market price and trading volume of companies in our industry or companies that investors consider comparable; |
| • | share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading levels of our shares; |
| • | our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights; |
| • | sales of our common stock by us or our significant stockholders, officers and directors; |
| • | the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements; |
| • | success of competitive products or services; |
| • | the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or others, including our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), announcements relating to litigation or significant changes to our key personnel; |
| • | the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting; |
| • | changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of debt or equity securities; |
| • | our entry into new markets; |
| • | tax developments in the U.S., Europe, or other markets; |
| • | the inclusion, exclusion, or deletion of our stock from any trading indices, such as the S&P 500 Index; |
| • | conversion of all or portion of the Notes; |
| • | strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; and |
| • | changes in accounting principles. |
32
Further, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of affected companies. In addition, the stock prices of many renewable energy companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, and market conditions such as recessions, changes in U.S. regulations and policies with respect to renewable energy, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation, of which we may be the target in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial cost and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change of control of our Company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our Company may believe advantageous. These provisions include:
| • | authorizing “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could issue to increase the number of outstanding shares to discourage a takeover attempt; |
| • | providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms until the 2026 annual meeting of stockholders at which time all of the board members will be subject to annual elections, which, until then, could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; |
| • | not providing for cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; |
| • | limiting the ability of stockholders to call a special stockholder meeting; |
| • | prohibiting stockholders from acting by written consent; |
| • | establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; and |
| • | the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least |
| • | providing that our board of directors is expressly authorized In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder becomes an “interested” stockholder. Our certificate of incorporation includes a forum selection clause, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including any beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or employees to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or by-laws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversion of our Convertible Senior Notes or Notes in cash or to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion of the Notes or to repurchase the Notes. Holders of the Notes have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indentures governing their respective Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being converted. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of Notes surrendered or Notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture governing such Notes or to pay cash upon conversion of the Notes as required by such indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the indenture governing the Notes or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or make cash payments upon conversion of the Notes. We may not be able to raise additional capital to execute on our current or future business opportunities on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our stockholders. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from our operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional capital or debt financing to execute on our current or future business strategies, including to:
We do not know what forms of financing, if any, will be available to us. If financing is not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, enhance our research and development and sales and marketing functions, develop and enhance our products, respond to unanticipated events and opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. In any such event, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed, and we may be unable to continue our operations. Moreover, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock and currently Our share repurchase program may be subject to certain risks. Although the board of directors has authorized the share repurchase program, any determination to execute the share repurchase program will be subject to, among other things, the Company’s financial position and results of operations, available cash and cash flow, capital requirements and other factors, as well as the board of director’s continuing determination that the repurchase program is in the best interests of its stockholders and is in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the repurchase program. Our share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any common stock. If we fail to meet any expectations related to share repurchases, this could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence and the market price of our common stock could decline. Additionally, price volatility of our common stock over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our common stock to exceed the stock’s market price at a given point in time. 34 We may further increase or decrease the amount of repurchases of our common stock in the future. Any reduction or discontinuance of repurchases of our common stock pursuant to our current share repurchase program could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Moreover, in the event repurchases of our common stock are reduced or discontinued, our failure or inability to resume repurchasing common stock at historical levels could result in a lower market valuation of our common stock. ITEM Not applicable. ITEM 1C. Cyber security Cyber security risk is an area of increasing focus for our Board, particularly as an increasingly significant part of our operations rely on digital technologies. As a result, we have implemented a cyber security program to assess, identify, and manage risks from cyber security threats that may result in material adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information systems. This program has been integrated into the Company’s overall risk management process. Risk Management and Strategy While we follow IoT cybersecurity standards and regulations, our products and information systems are potentially subject to cyber risks of data leakage and operational damages. To protect our products and information systems from cybersecurity threats, we use various security tools that help prevent, identify, escalate, investigate, resolve and recover from identified vulnerabilities and security incidents in a timely manner. These include, but are not limited to, annual cyber testing, internal auditing, monitoring and detection tools, and a bug bounty program to allow security researchers to assist us in identifying vulnerabilities in our products before they are exploited by malicious threat actors. Any reported vulnerability is analyzed and reported to the CISO. As part of our program to mitigate risk from cyber security threats, the Company actively evaluates and refines its cyber security tools and processes with the intention of reducing cyber security risks and aligning with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cyber-security Framework for risk management. Features of our cybersecurity program include:
35 We also employ processes designed to oversee, identify, and reduce the potential impact of a security incident at a third-party vendor, or customer, or otherwise implicating the third-party technology and systems we use. Such security measures include, without limitation:
Governance & Oversight The Board has delegated primary oversight of the Company's risks from cyber security threats to the Technology Committee. Our management team, including our Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), provides quarterly updates to our Technology Committee and annually to the full Board regarding our cyber security activities and other developments impacting our digital security. We have protocols by which certain cyber security incidents are escalated within the Company and, where appropriate, reported to the Board and Technology Committee in a timely manner. At the management level, our CISO, who reports to our Chief Information Officer, is responsible for overseeing the assessment and management of our material risks from cyber security threats. Our CISO has extensive experience and knowledge in cyber security as a result of 26 years of experience in leading security teams, developing security strategies, and managing risk across various industries. The CISO is informed about and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through reports from a number of experienced information security officers responsible for various parts of the business and regularly reviewing risk management measures implemented by the Company to identify and mitigate cyber security risks. The Company’s internal auditor and CISO are informed in the event of any significant cyber security incident and operate to comply with applicable laws regulations. Cyber Security Risks A material cyber security incident could materially affect our operations and production, including our ability to produce goods or provide services and our ability to timely and accurately produce financial reports. Further a cyber security incident could result in unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive data, such as financial information, intellectual property, or customer, employee or supplier related data, including personally identifiable information. A material cyber incident could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, have as an adverse effect on our reputation and could result in legal actions against the Company. Please see the discussion under "Any unauthorized access to, disclosure, or theft of personal information we gather, store, or use could harm our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation." and "Third parties, our employees, or our vendors might gain unauthorized access to our network or seek to compromise our products and services" in Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional information. To date, risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, and we do not believe that such risks are reasonably likely to have such an effect over the long term. However, there can be no guarantee that we will not be the subject of future successful threats or incidents. The Company has not been subject to any information security breach penalties or settlement payments. ITEM Our corporate headquarters are located in Herziliya Pituach, Leased Offices and R&D Laboratories As of December 31, 36 Manufacturing We outsource most of our manufacturing to our manufacturing partners. We have our own manufacturing facility, Sella 1 (which property is leased), in the North of We believe that our existing properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of our business for the foreseeable future. To the extent our needs change as our business grows, we expect that additional space and facilities will be available on commercially reasonable terms. ITEM On November 3, In August 2019, the Company was served with a lawsuit filed in the Tribunal of Milan, Italy against our Italian subsidiary SolarEdge ITEM Not applicable. PART II Market Information Our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, where prices are quoted under the symbol “SEDG”. Holders of Record As of December 31, Dividends We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business and fund our share repurchase program, and we do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and organizational documents. None. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On November 1, 2023, we announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a share repurchase program which authorizes the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the share repurchase program, repurchases can be made using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs and/or a non-discretionary trading plan or other means, including through 10b5-1 trading plans, all in compliance with the rules of the SEC and other applicable legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any common share repurchases under the share repurchase program are determined by the Company in its discretion and depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any amount of common stock, it may be suspended, extended, modified, discontinued or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice, and will expire on December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, we had not yet repurchased any Company shares. 38 Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock from   ITEM 6. Reserved 39 ITEM The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K captioned “Business” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under the sections of this Annual Report captioned “Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors”. Overview We develop, manufacture and sell products in a solar segment that In the fourth quarter 2023 the Company identified two reportable segments: the Solar segment and Energy Storage segment. The Solar segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of its DC optimized inverter solutions designed to maximize power generation at the PV module level and batteries for PV applications. The Solar segment solution consists mainly of the Company’s power optimizers, inverters, batteries and cloud‑based monitoring platform. The Energy Storage segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of high-energy, high-power, lithium-ion cells and BESS solutions for C&I and Utility markets. The Energy Storage segment provides purpose-built components and solutions, hardware and software, as well as pre and post sales engineering support to design, build, and manage battery and system solutions according to the customer’s use cases and mission profiles. The “All other” category includes the design, development, manufacturing and sales of e-Mobility products, automated machines and UPS products (in prior periods). Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I, Item 1. Business” of this Annual Report. In the year ended December 31, Our revenues were Performance Measures In managing our business and assessing financial performance, we supplement the information provided by the financial statements with other operating metrics. These operating metrics are utilized by our management to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business and formulate projections. We use metrics relating to shipments of inverters, power optimizers and megawatts to evaluate our sales performance and to track market acceptance of our products. We use metrics relating to monitoring (systems monitored) to evaluate market acceptance of our products and usage of our solution. We provide the “megawatts shipped” and "megawatts hour shipped" metrics, which are calculated based on inverter or battery nameplate capacity shipped respectively, to show adoption of our system on a nameplate capacity 40
1 Excluding Global Circumstances Influencing our Business and Operations 41 Disruptions due to the war in Israel Due to the war that began on October 7, 2023, approximately 10% of our employees in Israel were called to active reserve duty and additional employees may be called in the future, if needed. About half of these employees have returned to work. While our offices and facilities are open worldwide, including in Israel, and, to date, we have not had disruptions to our ability to manufacture and deliver products and services to customers, a prolonged war or an escalation of the current conditions in Israel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Due to the recency of these events, and their ongoing and evolving nature, the extent of the adverse effect on our business operations is still unknown. Impact of Ukraine’s Conflict on the Energy Landscape The conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which started in early 2022, and the sanctions and other measures imposed in response to this conflict, have increased the level of economic and political uncertainty. While we do not have any meaningful business in Russia or Ukraine and we do not have physical assets in these countries, this conflict has, and is likely to continue to have, a multidimensional impact on the global economy, the energy landscape in general and the global supply chain. Inflation Reduction Act In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which includes several 42 Key Components of Our Results of Operations The following discussion describes certain line items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenues We generate revenues from the sale of DC optimized inverter systems for solar PV installations, which include power optimizers, inverters, storage and backup Our revenues from the sale of solar-related products are affected by changes in the volume and average selling prices of our DC optimized inverter systems. The volume and average selling price of our systems is driven by the supply and demand for our products, changes in the product mix between our residential and commercial products, the customer mix between large and small customers, the geographical mix of our sales, sales incentives, end user government incentives, seasonality, and competitive product offerings. Revenues from the sale of lithium-ion cells, batteries, energy storage system or ESS products, are affected by the type of product sold (cell, battery or system) and the type of the battery that is sold. Revenues from the sale of Our revenue growth is dependent on our ability to expand our market share in each of the geographies in which we compete, expand our global footprint to new evolving markets, In the year ended December 31, Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit Cost of revenues consists primarily of product costs, including purchases from our contract manufacturers and other suppliers, as well as costs related to shipping, customer support, product warranty, personnel, depreciation of testing and manufacturing equipment, amortization of intangible assets and other fixed costs, provision for losses related to slow moving and dead inventory, hosting services for our cloud based monitoring platform, We continue to develop our own manufacturing capabilities. Cost of revenues also includes our operations, production and support departments’ costs. The operations and production departments are responsible for production management such as planning, procurement, supply chain, production methodologies and machinery planning, logistics management and manufacturing support to our contract manufacturers, as well as the quality assurance of our products. Our support department provides customer and technical support at various levels through our call centers around the world as well as second and third-level support services, which are provided by support personnel located in our headquarters. Our employees headcount in our operations, production and support departments has grown 43 In October of 2023, the Company made an announcement regarding its restructuring plans to adjust its manufacturing capacity and increase operating efficiency,including, terminating the manufacturing process in Mexico, reducing manufacturing capacity in China, and discontinuing the Company’s LCV e-Mobility activity, and on January 21, 2024, the Company announced adoption of additional measures in response to challenging industry conditions, including reducing its headcount by approximately 16% over the first half of 2024 through an involuntary workforce reduction plan (together, the “Restructuring Plan”). These decisions were made in order to better align the Company with current market conditions. The majority of these activities related to the discontinuation of LCV activity and the reduction of our manufacturing footprint which occurred in December 2023 and the significant part of the workforce reduction occurred in January 2024. Gross profit may vary from quarter to quarter and is primarily affected by our average selling prices, product costs, manufacturing ramp-up costs, restructuring costs, product mix, customer mix, geographical mix, location of manufacturing, shipping method, warranty costs, inventory write-offs, exchange rates and seasonality. Operating Expenses Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative, goodwill impairment and other operating expenses, net. Research and development expenses Research and development expenses include personnel-related expenses such as salaries, severance, benefits, stock-based compensation and payroll taxes. Our research and development employees are engaged in the design and development of power electronics, semiconductors, software, power-line communications, networking and Sales and marketing expenses Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses such as salaries, severance, sales commissions, benefits, payroll taxes, and stock-based compensation. These expenses also include travel, fees of independent consultants, trade shows, marketing, costs associated with the operation of our sales offices and other indirect costs. We currently have a sales presence in many countries worldwide and intend to continue to expand our sales presence to additional regions. General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, severance, employee benefits and stock-based compensation related to our executives, finance, human resources, information technology, and legal organizations, travel expenses, facilities costs, fees for professional services, and registration fees related to being a publicly-traded company. Professional services consist of audit and legal costs, remuneration to board members, insurance, information technology and other costs. General and administrative expenses also include expenses related to certain legal claims and allowance for doubtful accounts in the event of uncollectible account receivables balances. 44 Goodwill impairment Goodwill impairment consists of impairment charges of goodwill assigned to our reporting units and Other operating expenses, net Non Operating Expenses Financial income (expense), net Financial income (expense), net, consists primarily of interest income, interest expense, gains or losses from foreign currency fluctuations and hedging transactions. Interest income consists of interest from our investment in available for sale marketable securities, deposits, loans to third parties and accretion of discounts related to our investment in available for sale marketable securities. Interest expense consists of interest related to bank loans, advance payments received for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year, related to Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606), interest related to Accounting Standard Codification 842, “Leases” (ASC 842), amortization of premium related to our investment in available for sale marketable securities and the Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. With respect to certain of our subsidiaries, the functional currency is the applicable local currency. Financial (expenses) income, net, also consists of gains or losses from foreign currency fluctuations, the fair value remeasurement of hedging contracts not designated as cash flow hedge and bank charges. Foreign currency fluctuations primarily consist of the effect of foreign exchange differences between the U.S. dollar and the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro, the South Korean Won and other currencies related to our monetary assets and Other income (loss) Other income (loss) consists primarily of realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments in privately-held Income taxes We are subject to income taxes in the countries where we operate. In the year ended December 31, On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law, making significant changes to U.S. income tax law. These changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years 2018 onwards and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings (including 45 Furthermore, the Tax Act required the Company to pay U.S. income taxes on accumulated foreign subsidiaries earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets, and 8% on the remaining earnings. The total tax liability will be paid over the eight-year period provided in the Tax Act (ending 2024). SolarEdge Technologies Ltd., our Israeli subsidiary, is taxed under Israeli law. Income not eligible for benefits under the Investments Law is taxed at the corporate tax rate. The Israeli corporate tax rate is 23%. Our Israeli subsidiary elected tax year 2012 as a ”Year of Election” for “Benefited Enterprise” under the Israeli Investments Law, which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates. Upon meeting the requirements under the Israeli Investments Law, the two-year tax exemption has ended on December 31, 2018. The Investment Law was amended in 2005 and was further amended as of January 1, 2011 and in August 2013 (the “2011 Amendment”). The 2011 Amendment canceled the availability of the benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investments Law prior to 2011 and, instead, introduced new benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its “Preferred Enterprise” (both as defined in the 2011 Amendment). Under the 2011 Amendment, income derived by Preferred Companies from Preferred Enterprise would be subject to a uniform rate of corporate tax. The tax rate applicable to such income, referred to as “Preferred Income”, would be 7.5% in areas in Israel that are designated as Development Zone A and 16% elsewhere in Israel starting in the year 2017 and thereafter. Our Israeli subsidiary has established its own manufacturing facility in Israel, located in a Development Zone A, therefore income from manufacturing attributed to that facility is subject to a 7.5% tax rate. In December 2016, Amendment 73 to the Investments Law (the “2017 Amendment”) was published. According to the 2017 Amendment, special tax tracks for technological enterprises have been introduced, which are subject to rules that were issued by the Israeli Ministry of Finance. A Preferred Technological Enterprise (PTE), as defined in the 2017 Amendment, that is located in the central region of Israel, will be subject to a tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property, or 6% if its annual revenues exceed New Israeli Shekel 10 billion. On June 14, 2017, the Encouragement of Capital Investments Regulations (Preferred Technological Income and Capital Gain for Technological Enterprise), 2017 (the “Regulations”) were published. The Regulations describe, inter alia, the mechanism used to determine the calculation of the benefits under the PTE regime. A company that complies with the terms under the PTE regime, may be entitled to certain tax benefits with respect to certain income generated during the company’s regular course of business and derived from the preferred intangible asset. As of January 2019, our Israeli subsidiary elected to implement the 2011 and 2017 Amendments starting as of tax year 2019 and as a result, under the PTE regime with respect to our business activities in Israel. Our PTE income was subject to a 12% tax rate in Israel in the years 2019-2021, and in The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969, (the “Industry Encouragement Law”), provides certain tax benefits for an ‘Industrial Company’ as such term is defined in the Industry Encouragement Law. An Industrial Company is entitled to certain tax benefits including, inter alia, amortization over an eight-year period of the cost of purchased know-how, patents and accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings. We qualify as an Industrial Company under the Law and benefit from its provisions as applicable. Loss from equity method investments Loss from equity method investments consists of our proportionate share of the net income or loss of equity method investments. 46 Results of Operations The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, Comparison of year ended December 31, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022
Revenues
Revenues Revenues from outside of the U.S. comprised 47 The number of power optimizers recognized as revenues Our blended Average Selling Price or ASP per watt for solar products excluding Our blended ASP per hour watt for Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
Cost of revenues increased by
48
These were partially offset by:
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased by 3.6% to 23.6% in the year ended December 31, 2023 from 27.2% in the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to:
These were partially offset by a decrease in shipment rates as well as a reduced portion of expedited shipments out of our total shipments and a decrease in customs duties market resulting in higher gross margin of 1.1%.49 Research and Development
Research and development costs increased by
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.6 million, or 2.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to:
These were partially offset by General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased by $34.0 million, or 30.2%, in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to
Financial income (expenses), net
Goodwill impairment
Other operating expenses, net
Other operating expenses, net, increased by $4.9 million, or 18.5% in
These were partially offset by a decrease of Financial income
Financial income, net increased by $37.5 million or 999.0% in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to
51 Other income (loss)
Other
Income taxes
Net Income
As a result of the factors discussed above, net income decreased by Segment analysis Following the discontinuation of the Critical Power segment in June 2022, we operated in four different operating segments: Solar, Energy Storage, e-Mobility and Automation Machines. In October 2023, we decided to discontinue our LCV e-Mobility) activity and the remaining e-Mobility activity is included under the solar segment starting January 1, 2024. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we identified two operating segments as reportable – the Solar and the Energy Storage segments. The other operating segments are insignificant individually, and therefore, their results are presented together under “All other.” We do not allocate our operating segments revenue recognized due to advance payments received for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year (“financing component”), related to Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606). Segment profit (loss) is comprised of gross profit (loss) for the segment less operating expenses excluding amortization and impairment of purchased intangible assets, stock based compensation expenses, restructuring charges, discontinued activity charges, impairment of property, plant and equipment and certain other items (which are reported under "Not allocated to segments").
Solar Solarrevenues decreased by $105.6 million, or 3.6%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to a $58.2 million decrease in the amount of ancillary solar products sold and a $50.8 million decrease in the number of batteries sold for PV applications. As discussed above, this decrease in revenues was due to high inventory in the channels and slower than expected installation rates beginning in the third quarter of 2023, leading to substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog from our European distributors. Solar operating profit decreased by $122.3 million, or 25.1%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease in revenue followed by a lower decrease of $55.6 million in cost of revenues, which was primarily caused by a decrease of $96.5 million in direct cost of revenues and a decrease of $43.0 million in shipment and logistic costs, which were offset by an increase of $78.0 million in warranty expenses and an increase of $13.2 million in inventory write-downs. Additionally, operating expenses increased by $72.3 million, primarily due to higher personnel-related costs, expenses related to consultants and sub-contractors and an increase in expenses related to doubtful debt. 53 Energy Storage Energy Storagerevenues increased by $7.4 million, or 9.7%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Energy Storage operating loss increased by $46.3 million, or 333.7%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in operating loss was primarily due to an increase of $48.8 million in cost of revenues associated with ramp-up cost and an increase in inventory accrual, both related to the start of manufacturing in our Sella 2 factory. All other All other segmentsrevenues decreased by $35.7 million, or 31.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to the discontinuation of the Company’s LCV e-Mobility activity and the discontinuation of our Critical Power activity. All other segments operating loss decreased by $16.9 million, or 54.0%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This improvement was mainly due to a decrease in warranty accruals related to our LCV e-Mobility activity, a reduction in personnel-related expenses, and a decrease in the loss incurred in the year ended December 31, 2022 associated with the discontinued Critical Power business. Not allocated to segments Not allocated to segmentsrevenues increased by $0.2 million, or 35.8%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Not allocated to segments operating loss decreased by $25.8 million, or 9.4%, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in goodwill and intangible assets impairment charges, which were related to our LCV e-Mobility activity during the year ended December 31, 2022. However, during the year ended December 31, 2023 we have experienced an increase in costs related to the Restructuring Plan, including costs related to the discontinuation of the Company's LCV e-Mobility activity, and an increase in impairment of property, plant, and equipment, all of which are not assessed by our CODM and therefore not allocated to any of the segments above. 54 Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities for the stated
As of December 31, We believe Operating Activities Cash Investing Activities Investing cash flows consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures, cash provided by government grants for capital expenditures, investment in, sales and maturities of available for sale marketable securities, investment and withdrawal of bank deposits and restricted bank deposits, cash used for acquisitions, Financing Activities Financing cash flows consisted primarily of the issuance and repayment of short-term and long-term debt, 55 Convertible Senior Note On September 25, 2020, we issued $632.5 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes or Notes in a transaction exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act. Net proceeds from the offering, after underwriters’ discount and commissions and offering expenses, was $617.9 million. We intend to use the proceeds of the Notes for general corporate purposes (see Note Secondary public offering On March 17, 2022, we offered and sold 2,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a public offering price of $295.00 per share. The net proceeds to the Company after underwriters' discounts and commissions and offering costs were $650,526. We intend to use the proceeds from the public offering for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions (see Note Share Repurchases On November 1, 2023, we announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a share repurchase program which authorizes the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the share repurchase program, repurchases can be made using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs and/or a non-discretionary trading plan or other means, including through 10b5-1 trading plans, all in compliance with the rules of the SEC and other applicable legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any common share repurchases under the share repurchase program are determined by the Company in its discretion and depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The program does not obligate SolarEdge to acquire any amount of common stock, it may be suspended, extended, modified, discontinued or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice, and will expire on December 31, 2024. Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). The preparation of consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we consider the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain (see Note 2 to our annual financial statements for more information). Revenue Recognition We generate revenues from the sale of DC optimized inverter systems for solar PV installations which include our power optimizers, inverters, and cloud-based monitoring platform as well as other solar related ancillary products, Lithium-ion cells, batteries, energy storage solutions, EV powertrain solutions and machinery. Our worldwide customer base includes large solar installers, distributors, EPCs, 56 We generally sell our products to our customers pursuant to a customer’s standard purchase order and our customary terms and conditions. We do not offer rights to return our products other than for normal warranty conditions, and as such, revenue is recognized based on the transfer of control, which includes but is not limited to, the agreed International Commercial terms. We evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers to determine that appropriate credit limits are established prior to the acceptance and shipment of an order. We provide our full web-based monitoring platform for our solar products free of charge and revenues associated with the service since that date are being recognized ratably over 25 years. In the absence of third party comparable pricing for such service, management determines the revenue levels of this service based on the costs associated with providing the service plus appropriate margins that reflect management’s best estimate of the selling price. These revenues are minimal and we do not expect this to become a significant source of revenue in the near future. We recognize financing component expenses in our consolidated statement of income in relation to advance payments for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year. These financing component expenses are reflected in our deferred revenues balance. Such performance obligations are those that include a financing component, specifically: (i) warranty extension services, (ii) cloud-based monitoring, and (iii) communication services. See Notes Product Warranty We provide a standard limited product warranty for our solar products against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service conditions. Our standard warranty period is 25 years for our power optimizers, 12 years for our inverters, 10 years for our storage interface and a 10-year limited warranty for our Our products are designed to meet the warranty periods and our reliability procedures cover component selection, design, accelerated life cycle tests, and end-of-manufacturing line testing. However, since our history in selling power optimizers and inverters We accrue for estimated warranty costs at the time of sale based on anticipated warranty claims and actual historical warranty claims experience. Warranty provisions, computed on a per-unit sold basis, are based on our best estimate of such costs and are included in our cost of revenues. The warranty obligation is determined based on actual and predicted failure rates of the products, cost of replacement and service and delivery costs incurred to correct a product failure. Our warranty obligation requires management to make assumptions regarding estimated failure rates and replacement costs. In order to predict the failure rate of each of our products, we have established a reliability model based on the estimated mean time between failures (“MTBF”). The MTBF represents the average elapsed time predicted for each product unit between failures during operation. Applying the MTBF failure rate over our install base for each product type and generation allows us to predict the number of failed units over the warranty period and estimates the costs associated with the product warranty. Predicted failure rates are updated periodically based on data returned from the field and new product versions, as are replacement costs which are updated to reflect changes in our actual production costs for our products, subcontractors’ labor costs, and actual logistics costs. 57 Since the MTBF model does not take into account additional non-systematic failures, such as failures caused by workmanship or manufacturing or design-related issues, and since warranty claims are at times opened for cases in which the error has been triggered by an improper installation, we have developed a supplemental model to predict such cases and recognize the associated expenses ratably over the expected claim period. This model, which is based on actual root cause analysis of returned products, identification of the causes of claims and time until each identified problem is revealed, allows us to better predict actual warranty expenses and is updated periodically based on our experience, taking into account the installed base of approximately If actual warranty costs differ significantly from these estimates, adjustments may be required in the future, which could adversely affect our gross profit and results of operations. Warranty obligations are classified as short-term and long-term warranty obligations, based on the period in which the warranty is expected to be claimed. The warranty provision (short and long-term) was See Notes Inventory Valuation Our inventories comprise sellable finished goods, raw materials bought for our own manufacturing facilities or on behalf of our contract manufacturers, and faulty units returned under our warranty policy. Sellable finished goods and raw material inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, based on the moving average cost method. Certain factors could affect the realizable value of our inventories, including market and economic conditions, technological changes, existing product changes (mainly due to cost reduction activities) and new product introductions. We consider historic usage, expected demand, anticipated sales price, the effect of new product introductions, product obsolescence, product merchantability, and other factors when evaluating the net realizable value of inventories. Inventory write-downs are equal to the difference between the cost of inventories and their estimated net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are recorded as cost of revenues in the accompanying statements of income and were $46.4 million and $10.2 million, Faulty products returned under our warranty policy are often refurbished and used as replacement units. Such products are written off upon receipt. We do not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in future estimates or assumptions that we use to record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. However, if estimates regarding customer demand are inaccurate or changes in technology affect demand for certain products in an unforeseen manner, we may be exposed to losses that could be material. See Notes Business Combination We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired technology and other intangible assets, their useful lives and discount rates. Our management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. See Note 58 Intangible and other long-lived assets We evaluate the recoverability of finite-lived intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The evaluation is performed at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. The more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the estimate of the fair value of finite-lived intangible assets include (i) assumptions associated with forecasting product profitability, including sales and cost to sell projections, (ii) tax rates which seek to incorporate the geographic diversity of the projected cash flows, (iii) expected impact of competitive, legal and/or regulatory forces on the projections and the impact of technological risk, R&D expenditure for ongoing support of product rights, and (iv) estimated useful lives. During the year ended December 31, Acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We believe the basis of amortization approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives. We routinely review the remaining estimated useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. In case we reduce the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance is amortized or depreciated over the revised estimated useful life. See Notes Goodwill Goodwill reflects the excess of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any contingent consideration and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the assigned fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, and is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least on an annual basis. The goodwill impairment test is performed according to the following principles:
We estimate the fair values of all reporting units using a discounted cash flow model which utilizes Level 3 unobservable inputs. Key estimates include the revenue growth rates taking into consideration industry and market conditions, terminal growth rate and the discount rate. The discount rate used is based on the WACC, adjusted for the relevant risk associated with country-specific and business-specific characteristics. The carrying value of each reporting unit is determined by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill, to those reporting units. We complete the required annual testing of goodwill impairment for the reporting units in the fourth quarter of each year and accordingly, See Notes 59 Government grants In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which contains several provisions intended to accelerate U.S. manufacturing and adoption of clean energy such as solar. Some of the applicable provisions in IRA include the extension of the Production Tax Credit through 2034. These provisions of the law are new and regulations and guidance concerning their implementation are gradually being published by the U.S. Treasury Department. Section 45X of the IRA offers advanced manufacturing production tax credits ("AMPTC"), that incentivize the production of eligible components within the United States. To that end, we established manufacturing capabilities in the United States in 2023 and announced additional capacity planned for 2024. IRA allows taxpayers to elect to have AMPTCs refunded in cash ("direct pay") or transfer these credits to a third party. In addition to using the tax credits to offset tax due to the U.S. government, the direct pay option is available as a one-time election, in any taxable year after December 31, 2022, for a facility in which eligible components are produced, and is applicable for five years. Refundable and transferable tax credits are similar in essence to government grants. This is because the taxpayer can realize the benefit regardless of whether they owe income tax or not in the relevant years. Therefore, these amounts are not considered income taxes and fall outside the scope of Topic 740. Instead, they are treated as government grants. Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that: (1) we will comply with the relevant conditions and (2) the grant disbursement will be received. We recognize PTCs as a reduction in the cost of revenues in the statement of income. We do this systematically over time as we recognize the related expenses. Alternatively, we recognize the grant immediately if it compensates us for expenses that we have already incurred. The AMPTCs are also reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction of income tax payable within accrued expenses and other liabilities, as a tax prepayment, or as AMPTCs to be sold within prepayment and other assets. The way we expects to utilize the AMPTCs determines where they are recorded. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized AMPTCs worth $6.0 million for inverters produced in the United States and sold to customers. As of December 31, 2023, benefits recognized from AMPTCs of $6.0 were recorded as a tax prepayment within prepayment and other current assets. Income taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, which prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10 two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative probability) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. See Note 60 ITEM We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, customer concentrations, and interest rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Foreign Currency Exchange Risk Approximately For purposes of our consolidated financial statements, local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange to the U.S. dollar on the balance sheet date and local currency revenues and expenses are translated at the exchange rate as of the date of the transaction or at the average exchange rate to the U.S. dollar during the reporting period. To date, we have used derivative financial instruments, specifically foreign currency forward contracts and put and call options, to manage exposure to foreign currency risks by hedging portions of the anticipated payroll payments denominated in NIS. Our foreign currency forward contracts are expected to mitigate exchange rate changes related to the hedged assets. Those hedging contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. In addition, from time to time we We had cash and cash equivalents of Additionally, our hedging activities may also contribute to increased losses as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets. If foreign exchange currency markets continue to be volatile, such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our profit margins and results of operations in future periods. Also, the volatility in the foreign currency markets may make it difficult to hedge our foreign currency exposures effectively. Concentrations of Major Customers Our trade accounts receivables potentially expose us to a concentration of credit risk with our major customers. For the year ended December 31, Commodity Price Risk We are subject to risk from fluctuating market prices of certain commodity raw materials which are used in our products, including Copper, Lithium, Nickel and Cobalt. Prices of these raw materials may be affected by supply restrictions or other market factors from time to time, and we do not enter into hedging arrangements to mitigate commodity risk. Significant price changes for these raw materials could reduce our operating margins if we are unable to recover such increases from our customers, and could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of SolarEdge Technologies Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SolarEdge Technologies Inc. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit The critical audit F - 2 Warranty obligation
Valuation of Inventories - Provisions for Excess Inventories and excess product for the contractual obligations
/s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer A Member of We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007. Tel-Aviv, Israel February F - 3 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of SolarEdge Technologies Inc. Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited SolarEdge Technologies Inc. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, /s/ Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer A Member of Tel-Aviv, Israel February F - 4 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F - 5 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 6 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (in thousands, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F - 7 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F - 8 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands, except per share data)
* Represents an amount less than $1. The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F - 9 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands, except per share data)
F - 10 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in thousands, except per share data)
SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries design, develop, and sell an intelligent inverter solution designed to maximize power generation at the individual photovoltaic (“PV”) module level while lowering the cost of energy produced by the solar PV system and providing comprehensive and advanced safety features. The Company’s products consist mainly of (i) power optimizers designed to maximize energy throughput from each and every module through constant tracking of Maximum Power Point individually per module, (ii) inverters which invert direct current (DC) from the PV module to alternating current (AC) including the Company's future ready energy hub inverter which supports, among other things, connection to a The Company and its subsidiaries sell products worldwide through large distributors, electrical equipment wholesalers, as well as directly to large solar installers and engineering, procurement and construction firms. The Company has expanded its activity to other areas of smart energy technology organically and through acquisitions. The Company On April 6, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Hark Systems Ltd. ("Hark"), a UK-based energy IoT company for the commercial and industrial ("C&I") sector. In NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated financial statements are prepared according to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). a.Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances including profit from intercompany sales not yet realized outside the Company have been eliminated upon consolidation. b.Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, government grants, income taxes and related disclosures in the accompanying notes. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management also considered the economic implications of inflation expectations on its critical and significant accounting estimates. In addition, the duration, scope and effects of the F - 12 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
c.Financial statements in U.S. dollars: A major part of the Company’s operations is carried out in the United States, Israel and certain other countries. The functional currency of these entities is the U.S. dollar. Financing activities, including cash investments are primarily made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 830 “Foreign Currency Matters”. All transaction gains and losses of the re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the statements of income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate. The financial statements of other Company’s subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar have been translated into U.S dollars. Assets and liabilities have been translated using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Statements of income amounts have been translated using the date of the transaction or at the average exchange rate The resulting translation adjustments are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses arising from intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment in nature are reported in the same manner as translation adjustments. d.Cash and cash equivalents: Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash, with original maturities of three months or less at the date acquired. e. Short-term restricted bank deposits possess an original maturity of more than three months and less than a year from the date of investment. Long-term restricted bank deposits possess an original maturity of more than one year from the date of investment. Restricted bank deposits are primarily used as collateral for the Company's office leases and credit cards. Marketable securities consist of corporate and governmental bonds. The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. In accordance with FASB ASC No. 320 “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities”, the Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, as determined on a specific identification basis, are included in
The Company classifies its marketable securities as either short-term or long-term based on each instrument’s underlying contractual maturity date. Marketable securities with maturities of 12 months or less are classified as short-term and marketable securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term. On each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether declines in fair value below carrying value are due to expected credit losses, as well as the ability and intent to hold the investment until a forecasted recovery occurs, in accordance with ASC 326. Allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities are recognized as a charge in financial income (expenses), net, on the consolidated statements of income, and any remaining unrealized losses, net of taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity. The Company has not recorded credit losses on AFS debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 F - 13 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) The Company's equity investments are investments in equity securities of privately-held companies, that are not traded and therefore not supported with observable market prices. The Company elected to account for its equity investments without readily determinable market values that either (i) do not meet the definition of in-substance common stock or (ii) do not provide the Company with control or significant influence using Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01. The Company adjusts the carrying value of its investments to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of the investments in privately-held companies when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recovered. The maximum loss the Company can incur for its investments is their carrying value. The Company may determine the fair value by reviewing equity valuation reports, current financial results, long-term plans of the privately-held companies, the amount of cash that the privately-held companies have on-hand, the ability to obtain additional financing and overall market conditions in which the privately-held companies operate or based on the price observed from the most recent completed financing. All gains and losses on investments in privately-held companies, realized and unrealized, are recognized in other Trade receivables are stated net of credit losses allowance. The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products. The allowance against gross trade receivables reflects the current expected credit loss inherent in the receivables portfolio determined based on the Company’s methodology. The Company’s methodology is based on historical collection experience, customer creditworthiness, current and future economic condition and market condition. Additionally, specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. Trade receivables are written off after all reasonable means to collect the full amount have been exhausted.
The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of trade receivables to present the net amount expected to be collected:
Loan receivables are carried at the outstanding principal amount. An allowance for credit loss on loan receivables is established when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company determines this by considering several factors, including the credit risk and current financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s ability to pay current obligations, historical trends, and economic and market conditions. The Company performs a credit quality assessment on the loan receivable on a quarterly basis and reviews the need for an allowance in accordance with ASC 326. The Company evaluates the extent and impact of any credit deterioration that could affect the performance and the value of the secured property, as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis at the stated interest rate and is recorded in financial income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Expected provision for credit loss regarding the Company's loans was immaterial. The amortized cost of the loan receivable approximates its fair value as of December 31, 2023. F - 14 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) j. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes depreciation, labor, material, shipment and overhead costs. Inventory reserves are provided to cover risks arising from slow-moving, excess inventory items or technological obsolescence. The Company periodically evaluates the quantities on hand relative to historical, current and projected sales volume. Based on this evaluation, an impairment charge is recorded when required to write-down inventory to its net realizable value. Cost of finished goods and raw materials is determined using the moving average cost method. k.Property, plant and equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and government grants. Assets under construction represent the construction or development stage of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for the Company's intended use. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, at the following rates:
l. Government assistance Advanced manufacturing production tax credits In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which contains several provisions intended to accelerate U.S. manufacturing and adoption of clean energy such as solar. Some of the applicable provisions in the IRA include the extension of the Production Tax Credit (“PTC") through 2034. These provisions of the law are new and regulations and guidance concerning their implementation are gradually being published by the U.S. Treasury Department. Section 45X of the IRA offers advanced manufacturing production tax credits ("AMPTC"), which incentivize the production of eligible components within the United States. To that end, the Company established manufacturing capabilities in the United States in 2023 and announced additional capacity expected in 2024. In addition to using the tax credits to offset tax due to the U.S. government, the IRA allows taxpayers to elect to have AMPTCs refunded in cash ("Direct Pay") or transfer these credits to a third party. The Direct Pay option is available as a one-time election, in any taxable year after December 31, 2022, for a facility in which eligible components are produced, and is applicable for five years. F - 15 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) Refundable and transferable tax credits are similar in essence to government grants. This is because the taxpayer can realize the benefit regardless of whether they owe income tax or not in the relevant years. Therefore, these amounts are not considered income taxes and fall outside the scope of Topic 740. Instead, they are treated as government grants. Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that: (1) the Company will comply with the relevant conditions and (2) the grant disbursement will be received. The Company recognize's AMPTCs as a reduction in the cost of revenues in the statement of income. The Company does this systematically over time as it recognizes the related expenses. Alternatively, the Company recognizes the grant immediately if the grant compensates the Company for expenses that it has already incurred. The AMPTCs are also reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction of income tax payable within accrued expenses and other liabilities, as a tax prepayment, or as AMPTCs to be sold within prepayment and other assets. The way the Company expects to utilize the AMPTCs determines where they are recorded. In the year that ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized AMPTCs worth $6,020 as a reduction in the cost of revenues for the inverters produced in the United States and sold to customers. As of December 31, 2023, benefits recognized from AMPTCs of $6,020 were recorded as a tax prepayment within prepayment and other current assets. Property, plant and equipment In 2020, SolarEdge Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement with the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry to partially subsidize the construction of Sella 1, a factory for production of inverters and optimizers, in the amount of approximately $7,000. In 2020, SolarEdge Korea (formerly Kokam), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement with Chungcheongbuk-do province of South Korea to partially subsidize the construction of Sella 2, a factory for production of lithium-ion cells and batteries, in the amount of approximately $12,000.
The assistance is in the form of a cash subsidy, which the government will pay as a grant upon the satisfaction of predetermined construction completion milestones. When the defined milestones are reached and the right to receive a subsidy amount becomes virtually certain, the amount of the grant is recorded as a reduction of the related asset's value under “Property, plant and equipment, net”. The Company did not record reduction of property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recorded reduction of property, plant and equipment in the amount of $7,359 As of December 31, The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease. In determining the leases classification the Company assesses among other criteria: (i) The Company uses incremental borrowing rates based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and In addition, the carrying amount of the ROU and lease liabilities are remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in-substance fixed lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset. F - 16 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) n.Business Combination: The Company allocates the fair value of the purchase price to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value. The excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired technology and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the finalization of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.
o.Intangible Assets: Acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The basis of amortization approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives. The Company routinely reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. In case the Company reduces the estimated useful life for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance is amortized p.Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company’s long-lived assets to be held and used, including property, plants and equipment, ROU assets and identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plants and Equipment”, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets (or asset group). If such evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) is not recoverable, the assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value (see Note For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 F - 17 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) q.Goodwill: Goodwill reflects the excess of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any contingent consideration and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the assigned fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, and is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least on an annual basis, in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. The goodwill impairment test is performed according to the following principles:
(1)An initial qualitative assessment may be performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. (2)If the Company concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. An impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value is recognized (see Note 10). For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not record any impairment charges. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of goodwill in the amount of $90,104. For the
r.Cloud computing arrangements: In 2021, due to the growing size and complexity of the Company, the Company decided to implement a new global enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system, which will replace the Company's existing operating and financial systems. During The Company incurs costs to implement cloud computing arrangements ("CCA") that are hosted by third party vendors. Implementation costs associated with CCA are capitalized when incurred during the application development phase until the software is ready for its intended use. The costs are then amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the cloud computing arrangement and are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of income. Capitalized amounts related to such arrangements are recorded within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash payments for CCA implementation costs are classified as cash outflows from operating activities. s.Severance pay: The employees of the Company’s Israeli subsidiary are included under Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963, under which these employees are entitled only to monthly deposits made in their name with insurance companies, at a rate of 8.33% of their monthly salary. These payments cause the Company to be released from any future obligation under the Israeli Severance Pay Law to make severance payments in respect of those employees; therefore, related assets and liabilities are not presented in the consolidated balance sheets. If applicable, severance costs are recorded in each entity in accordance with local laws and regulations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 F - 18 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) t.Derivatives and Hedging: The Company accounts for derivatives and hedging based on ASC 815 (“Derivatives and Hedging”). ASC 815 requires the Company to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from salary denominated in the Israeli currency, the New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”), during the year ended December 31, Accordingly, when the dollar strengthens against the NIS, the decline in present value of future foreign currency expenses is offset by losses in the fair value of the hedging contracts. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by gains in the fair value of the hedging contracts. These hedging contracts are designated as cash flow hedges, as defined by ASC 815 and are all effective hedges.
The Company also entered into derivative instrument arrangements to hedge the Company’s exposure to currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These derivative instruments are not designated as cash flow hedges, as defined by ASC 815, and therefore all gains and losses, resulting from fair value remeasurement, were recorded immediately in the statement of income, as a financial income (expense), The Company classifies cash flows related to its hedging as operating activities in its consolidated statement of cash flows. u.Revenue recognition: Revenues are recognized in accordance with ASC 606; revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that the Company expects in exchange for those goods or services. The Company’s products and services consist mainly of (i) power optimizers, (ii) inverters, (iii) The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle that transfer of control to the Company’s customers should be depicted in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to receive in revenue. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. (1)Identify the contract with a customer A contract is an agreement or purchase order between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations. In evaluating the contract, the Company analyzes the customer’s intent and ability to pay the amount of promised consideration (credit risk) and considers the probability of collecting substantially all of the consideration. The Company determines whether collectability is reasonably assured on a customer-by-customer basis pursuant to its credit review policy. The Company typically sells to customers with whom it has a long-term business relationship and a history of successful collection. For a new customer, or when an existing customer substantially expands its commitments, the Company evaluates the customer’s financial position, the number of years the customer has been in business, the history of collection with the customer, and the customer’s ability to pay, and typically assigns a credit limit based on that review. F - 19 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) (2)Identify the performance obligations in the contract At a contract’s inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract with a customer and identifies the performance obligations. The main performance obligations are the provisions of the following: providing of the Company’s products; cloud based monitoring services; extended warranty services and communication services. Depending on the shipping terms agreed with the customer, the Company may perform shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control of the goods and revenue is recognized. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling costs as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. As a result of this accounting policy election, the Company does not consider shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control of the goods as promised services to its customers.
(3)Determine the transaction price The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Generally, the Company does not provide price protection, stock rotation, and/or right of return. The Company determines the transaction price for all satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations identified in the contract from contract inception to the beginning of the earliest period presented. Rebates or discounts on goods or services are accounted for as variable consideration. The rebate or discount program is applied retrospectively for future purchases. Provisions for rebates, sales incentives and discounts to customers are accounted for as reductions in revenue in the same period the related sales are recorded. Accrual for rebates for direct customers is presented net of receivables. Accrual for sale incentives related to non-direct customers is presented under accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The Company accrued When a contract provides a customer with payment terms of more than a year, the Company considers whether those terms create variability in the transaction price and whether a significant financing component exists. As of December 31, The performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year are those that include a financial component: (i) warranty extension services, (ii) cloud-based monitoring, and (iii) communication services. The Company recognizes financing component expenses in its consolidated statement of income in relation to advance payments for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year. These financing component expenses are reflected in the Company’s deferred revenues balance. (4)Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract The Company performs an allocation of the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, in proportion to their relative standalone selling prices. (5)Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied Revenue is recognized when or as performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. Control either transfers over time or at a point in time, which affects when revenue is recorded. Revenues from sales of products are recognized based on the transfer of control, which includes but is not limited to, the agreed International Commercial terms, or “INCOTERMS”. Revenues related to warranty extension services, cloud-based monitoring, and communication services are recognized over time on a straight-line basis. Deferred revenues consist of deferred cloud-based monitoring services, communication services, warranty extension services and advance payments received from customers for the Company’s products. Deferred revenues are classified as short-term and long-term deferred revenues based on the period in which revenues are expected to be recognized (see Note F - 20 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
v.Cost of revenues: Cost of revenues includes the following: product costs consisting of purchases from contract manufacturers and other suppliers, direct and indirect manufacturing costs, shipping and handling, support, warranty expenses, provision for losses related to slow moving and dead inventory, personnel and Shipping and handling costs, which amounted to $214,349, $257,753 In the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized AMPTCs worth approximately $6,020 as a reduction in the cost of revenues for the inverters produced in the United States and sold to customers. w.Warranty obligations: The Company provides a product warranty for its solar segment related products as follows: a standard 10-year limited warranty for its The Company maintains reserves to cover the expected costs that could result from the standard warranty. The warranty liability is in the form of product replacement and associated costs. Warranty reserves are based on the Company’s best estimate of such costs and are included in cost of revenues. The reserve for the related warranty expenses is based on various factors including assumptions about the frequency of warranty claims on product failures, derived from results of accelerated lab testing, field monitoring, analysis of the history of product field failures, and the Company’s reliability estimates. The Company has established a reliability measurement system based on the units’ estimated mean time between failure, or MTBF, a metric that equates to a steady-state failure rate per year for each product generation. The MTBF predicts the expected failure rate of each product within the Company's products installed base during the expected product warranted lifetime. The Company performs accelerated life cycle testing, which simulates the service life of the product in a short period of time. The accelerated life cycle tests incorporate test methodologies derived from standard tests used by solar module vendors to evaluate the period over which solar modules wear out. Corresponding replacement costs are updated periodically to reflect changes in the Company’s actual and estimated production costs for its products, rate of usage of refurbished units as a replacement of faulty units, and other costs related to logistic and subcontractors’ services associated with the replacement products. In addition, through the collection of actual field failure statistics, the Company has identified several additional failure causes that are not included in the MTBF model. Such causes, which mostly consist of design errors, workmanship errors caused during the manufacturing process and, to a lesser extent, replacement of non-faulty units by installers, result in generating additional replacement costs to the replacement costs projected under the MTBF model. For other products, the Company accrues for warranty costs based on the Company’s best estimate of product and associated costs. The Company’s other products are sold with a standard limited warranty that typically range in duration from one to ten years. Warranty obligations are classified as short-term and long-term obligations based on the period in which the warranty is expected to be claimed. F - 21 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
x.Convertible senior notes: Effective January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective approach. The Notes are accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. Adoption of the new standard resulted in an increase of retained earnings in the amount of $2,884, a decrease of an additional paid-in capital in the amount of $36,336, an increase of convertible senior notes, net, in the amount of $45,282 and a decrease of deferred tax liabilities, net, in the amount of $11,830. The impact of adoption of this standard on the Company’s earnings per share was immaterial. The Company’s Convertible Senior Notes are included in the calculation of diluted Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) if the assumed conversion into common shares is dilutive, using the “if-converted” method. This involves adding back the periodic non-cash interest expense net of tax associated with the Notes to the numerator and by adding the shares that would be issued in an assumed conversion (regardless of whether the conversion option is in or out of the money) to the denominator for the purposes of calculating diluted EPS, unless the Notes are antidilutive (see Note y.Advertising costs Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company incurred advertising expenses of $13,476, $11,090, z.Research and development costs: Research and development costs, are charged to the consolidated statement of income as incurred. aa.Concentrations of credit risks: Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, Cash and cash equivalents The Company's debt marketable securities include investments in highly-rated corporate debentures (located mainly in U.S., Canada, France, UK, Australia, Cayman Islands and other countries) and governmental The trade receivables of the Company derive from sales to customers located primarily in the United States and Europe. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses (see Note The Company had two major customers (customers with attributable revenues that represents more than 10% of total revenues) for the year ended December 31, 2023, one major customer for the year ended December 31, 2022, and two major customers for the year ended December 31, 2021 that accounted for approximately 24.0%, 18.5% and 30.9% of the Company’s consolidated revenues, respectively. All of the revenues from these customers were generated in the solar segment. The Company had three major customers (customer with a balance that represents more than 10% of total trade receivables, net) as of December 31, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022 that accounted in the aggregate for approximately 47.1% and 42.2%, of the Company’s consolidated trade receivables, net, respectively. F - 22 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
ab.Concentrations of supply risks: The Company depends on two contract manufacturers and several limited or single source component As of December 31, In the second quarter of 2022, the Company announced the opening of “Sella 2”, a two gigawatt-hour (GWh) Li-Ion battery cell manufacturing facility located in South Korea. Sella 2 ac.Fair value of financial instruments: The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments: The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits, restricted bank deposits, trade receivables, net, Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, The Company applies ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, with respect to fair value measurements of all financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tiered fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2- Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3- Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. F - 23 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
ad.Stock-based compensation: The Company uses the closing trading price of its common stock on the day The Company granted under its 2015 Plan, PSU awards to certain employees and officers which vest upon the achievement of certain performance or market conditions subject to their continued employment with the Company. The The Company selected the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model as the most appropriate fair value method for its stock-option awards and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are the fair market value of the underlying common stock, expected stock price volatility, and the expected option term. Expected volatility for stock-option awards and ESPP was calculated based upon the Company’s stock prices. The expected term of options granted is based upon historical experience and represents the period between the options’ grant date and the expected exercise or expiration date. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from U.S. treasury bonds with an equivalent term. The Company does not use dividend yield rate since the Company has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock and does not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award. F - 24 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The fair value for options, PSU and ESPP granted to employees
(1) No new options were granted in 2023 and 2022. ae.Earnings per share Basic net EPS is computed by dividing the net earnings attributable to SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net EPS is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, to the extent dilutive, including stock options, RSUs, PSUs, shares to be purchased under the Company’s ESPP, and the Notes due 2025, all in accordance with ASC No. 260, "Earnings Per Share." af.Income taxes: The Company and its subsidiaries account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”. ASC 740 prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent the Company believes they will not be realized. The Company considers all available evidence, including historical information, long range forecast of future taxable income and evaluation of tax planning strategies. Amounts recorded for valuation allowance can result from a complex series of judgments about future events and can rely on estimates and assumptions. Tax has not been recorded for (a) taxes that would apply in the event of disposal of investments in subsidiaries, as it is generally the Company’s intention to hold these investments, not to realize them; and (b) taxes that would apply on the distribution of unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries, as these are retained for reinvestment in the Group. F - 25 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10 two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative probability) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. ag.New accounting pronouncements not yet effective: In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). Additional segment reporting information required by ASU 2023-07 includes: disclosing the title and position of the individual or the name of the group or committee identified as the CODM, provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually, and additional disclosures regarding significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires additional categories of information about federal, state and foreign income taxes to be included in effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure. Additionally, the newly added categories also apply to the income taxes paid disclosure. Implementation of said additions are subject to quantitative thresholds. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09. ah. Recently issued and adopted pronouncements: From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or other standard setting bodies are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. The Company believes that the impact of recently issued or newly effective standards F - 26 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 3: BUSINESS COMBINATIONS On April 6, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Hark Systems Ltd. ("Hark"), a UK-based energy IoT company for the commercial and industrial ("C&I") sector for approximately $18,346 in cash, out of which $1,245 held by the company for a period of one year. Hark's platform is expected to enable the Company to offer its commercial and industrial customers expanded capabilities in energy management and connectivity, including identification of potential energy savings, detection of anomalies in assets’ energy consumption, and optimization of energy usage and carbon emissions through load orchestration and storage control. Pursuant to ASC 805, "Business Combination", the Company accounted for the Hark acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Identifiable assets and liabilities of Hark, including identifiable intangible assets, were recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the closing of the acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The Company recorded preliminary estimates for the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Such preliminary valuation required estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, estimating future cash flows and direct costs in addition to developing the appropriate discount rates and current market profit margins. The Company’s management believes the fair values recognized for the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed were based on reasonable estimates and assumptions. The following table summarizes the fair values estimation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
Acquisition costs were immaterial and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Goodwill generated from this acquisition was primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected post-acquisition synergies from combining Hark platform with the Company's product offering to its commercial and industrial customers. All of the Goodwill was assigned to the Solar segment (see Note 21). Goodwill was not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of technology, customer relationships and trade name were derived by applying the multi-period excess earnings method, with-and-without method, and the relief-from-royalty method, respectively, all of which are under the income approach whose underlying inputs are considered Level 3. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on management's estimates and assumptions. The results of Hark have been included in the Company's consolidated statements of income since the acquisition date and are not material. Pro forma financial information has not been presented because the impact of the acquisition was not material to the Company's statement of income. F - 27 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities at December 31, 2023:
The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities at December 31, 2022:
Proceeds from maturity of available-for-sale marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $277,382, $201,974 and Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2023 were Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $29,236, which led to realized losses of $434. Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $14,813, which led to realized losses of $16.
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE
The Company recorded inventory write-downs of $46,369, $10,170 NOTE
1 Vendor non-trade receivables derived from the sale of components to manufacturing vendors who manufacture products, components and other testing equipment for the Company. The Company purchases these components directly from other suppliers. The Company does not reflect the sale of these components to the contract manufacturers in its
F - 29 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 7: PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $49,544, $40,580 and $29,359, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, impairment loss of $25,168 was recorded as a result of Company's decision to discontinue its LCV activity and other restructuring efforts related to the Solar segment (see Note 23). Impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, were $649 and $2,113, respectively. NOTE 8: LEASES The following table summarizes the Company’s lease-related assets and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets:
F - 30 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) The following table presents certain information related to the operating and finance leases:
The following table presents supplemental cash flows information related to the lease costs for operating and finance leases:
The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and the total of the remaining years of the operating and finance lease liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets:
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE In October 2023, the Company has decided to cease the use of SolarEdge Korea's (formerly Kokam) trade name and solar technology, as such, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $4,798 and the assets were disposed. In June 2022, the Company decided to discontinue its stand-alone uninterrupted power supply activities or UPS (“Critical Power”). The Company recorded a loss in the amount of $1,226 pertaining to Critical Power's current technology and customer relationships. In October 2022, following the e-Mobility and Automation Machines reporting unit’s The impairments are recorded under Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31,
Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 Expected future amortization expenses of intangible assets as of December 31,
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year and is examined between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of Due to impairment indicators of the Energy Storage reporting unit, which include, among other things, a decline in planned revenue and earnings compared with the projected results, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test and determined that the fair value of this reporting unit is greater than its carrying value and therefore no goodwill impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2022 for all reporting units and determined the following: In June 2022, the Company decided to discontinue its stand-alone Critical Power activities. The Company recorded an impairment in the amount of $2,782 pertaining to Critical Power's goodwill. Due to impairment indicators of the e-Mobility reporting unit, which include, among other things, a shift in the Company's strategy that may result in a decline of the projected growth forecasted at the time of acquisition, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test. As a result, the Company recorded goodwill impairment in the amount of $80,534 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is presented under Goodwill impairment In addition, a quantitative test has also been performed for the Automation Machines reporting unit due to indicators of impairment identified, which include, among other things, managerial changes and a decline in the overall financial performance compared with past projections. As a result, the Company recorded goodwill impairment in the amount of $6,788, for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was recorded under Goodwill impairment The fair value of the reporting units was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. When performing this analysis, the Company also considered multiples of earnings from comparable public companies. The decline in fair value of the e-Mobility and Automation Machines reporting units was primarily resulted from an increased discount rate and reduced estimated future cash flows. The following summarizes the goodwill activity for the
As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 there were $90,104 accumulated goodwill impairment losses.
F - 33 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 11: OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS
1In January 2023, the Company completed an investment of $5,500 in the common stock of a privately-held company which represents 34.8% of its outstanding shares. The Company accounted for this investment using the equity method of accounting. The Company's share of net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $350. In April and July of 2023, the Company completed a total investment of $2,500 in the preferred stock of a privately-held company which represents 4.5% of its outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis. The Company accounted for this investment as an equity investment without readily determinable fair values. No impairment or other adjustments related to observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments were identified. F - 34 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE 12: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES As of December 31, 2023, the Company entered into contracts of put and call options to sell U.S. dollars (“USD”) for NIS and Euro ("EUR") for USD in the amounts of approximately NIS 541 million and EUR 60 million, respectively. The fair values of outstanding derivative instruments were as follows:
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments
See Note 21 for information regarding gains (losses) from designated hedging instruments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive
F - 35 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE In accordance with ASC 820, the Company measures its cash equivalents and marketable securities, at fair value using the market approach valuation technique. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 because these assets are valued using quoted market prices. Marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within level 2 due to these assets being valued by alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of December 31,
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE Changes in the Company’s product warranty obligations for the years ended December 31,
NOTE Deferred revenues consist of deferred cloud-based monitoring services, communication services, warranty extension services and advance payments received from customers for the Company’s products. Deferred revenues are classified as short-term and long-term deferred revenues based on the period in which revenues are expected to be recognized. Significant changes in the balances of deferred revenues during the period are as
The following table includes estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31,
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE On September 25, 2020, the Company sold $632,500 aggregate principal amount of its 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Notes”). The Notes were sold pursuant to an indenture, dated September 25, 2020 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes do not bear regular interest and mature on September 15, 2025, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms. The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Holders may convert their Notes prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 15, 2025 in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five-business-day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of that five consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the Indenture. In addition, holders may convert their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time beginning on or after June 15, 2025, and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date of the Notes, without regard to the foregoing circumstances. The initial conversion rate for the Notes was 3.5997 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $277.80 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events as set forth in the Indenture. Upon conversion, the Company may choose to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. In addition, upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders of the Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If certain fundamental changes referred to as make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate for the Notes may be increased. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following as of December 31,
As of December 31, The annual effective interest rate of the As of December 31, As of December 31, As of December 31, 2022 2021 Tax liabilities $ 3,830 5,105 Accrued severance pay 9,848 10,632 Other 2,078 3,805 $ 15,756 19,542 F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE
Common stock confers upon its holders the right to receive notice of, and to participate in, all general meetings of the Company, where each share of common stock shall have one vote for all purposes, to share equally, on a per share basis, in bonuses, profits, or distributions out of fund legally available therefor, and to participate in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company in the event of liquidation of the Company.
On March 17, 2022, the Company offered and sold 2,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a public offering price of $295.00 per share. The shares of Common Stock were issued and sold in a registered offering pursuant to the underwriting agreement dated March 17, 2022, among the Company, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (the “Underwriting Agreement”). All of the offered shares were issued at closing, including 300,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued and sold pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares under the Underwriting Agreement, which was exercised in full on March 18, 2022. The net proceeds to the Company were $650,526 after deducting underwriters' discounts of $27,140 and commissions of $834.
The Company’s 2007 Global Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) was adopted by the board of directors on August 30, 2007. The 2007 Plan terminated upon the Company’s IPO on March 31, 2015 and no further awards may be granted thereunder. All outstanding awards will continue to be governed by their existing terms and 379,358 available options for future grants were transferred to the Company’s 2015 Global Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and are reserved for future issuances under the 2015 plan. The 2015 Plan became effective upon the consummation of the IPO. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of options, restricted stock units ("RSU"), performance stock units ("PSU"), and other share-based awards to directors, employees, officers, and non-employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, The Share Reserve will automatically increase on January 1st of each year during the term of the 2015 Plan, commencing on January 1st of the year following the year in which the 2015 Plan becomes effective, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year; provided, however, that the Company’s board of directors may determine that there will not be a January 1st increase in the Share Reserve in a given year or that the increase will be less than 5% of the shares of capital stock outstanding on the preceding December 31st. The Company granted under its 2015 Plan, PSU awards to certain employees and officers which vest upon the achievement of certain performance or market conditions subject to their continued employment with the Company. In 2021, the Company has also committed to issuing additional shares, which are subject to resale registration rights and which carry certain performance conditions (including business performance targets and a continued service relationship with the Company) and are treated as PSUs for accounting purposes.
The market condition for the PSUs is based on the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to the TSR of companies listed in the S&P 500 index over a one to three year performance period. The Company uses a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the grant date fair value for these awards, which takes into consideration the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant less the present value of dividends expected during the requisite service period, as well as the possible outcomes pertaining to the TSR market condition. The Company recognizes such compensation expenses on an accelerated vesting method. F - 40 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) The aggregate maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued on the exercise of incentive stock options is 10,000,000. As of December 31, A summary of the activity in stock options and related information is as follows:
The The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $3,572, $37,948, and
No options were granted in 2023. A summary of the activity in the RSUs and related information is as follows:
A summary of the activity in the PSUs and related information is as follows:
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
Unvested as of January 1, 2022 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 Year ended December 31, 11,082 27,048 19,413 9,766 67,309 F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE
As of December 31,
The Company has contractual obligations to purchase goods and raw materials. These contractual purchase obligations relate to inventories and other purchase orders, which cannot be canceled without penalty. In addition, the Company acquires raw materials or other goods and services, including product components, by issuing authorizations to its suppliers to purchase materials based on its projected demand and manufacturing needs. As of December 31, As of December 31,
From time to time, the Company may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings. The Company reviews the status of each matter and assesses its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. These accruals are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. On November 3, In August 2019, the Company was served with a lawsuit filed in the civil courts of Milan, Italy against the Italian subsidiary of SolarEdge e-Mobility S.r.l (previously SMRE S.p.A) that purchased the shares of SolarEdge e-Mobility in the tender offer that followed the SolarEdge e-Mobility Acquisition by certain former shareholders of SolarEdge e-Mobility who tendered their shares. The lawsuit asked for damages of approximately $3,000, representing the difference between the amount for which they tendered their shares (6 Euro per share) and 6.7 Euros per share. In December 2023 the
As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an accrual of $2,011 for legal claims which was recorded under accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
F - 43 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 21: ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
F - 44 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
F - 45 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS attributable to SolarEdge Technologies Inc.:
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE
1 2 3 F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE The Company determined that the discontinuation of the LCV activity does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results and therefore it did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations classification. Restructuring and other exit charges for the year ended December 31, 2023 by segments and type of cost were as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $4,314 of inventory write-downs in cost of revenues as a result of Critical Power's discontinuation. The Company did not record any restructuring and other exit activities costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 The Company’s liability balance for the restructuring and other exit charges is as follows:
1 Inventory write-down is included under Inventories, net on the balance sheet. The total amount expected to be incurred for restructuring and other exit charges, which primarily consists of contract terminations related to the solar segment, is $10,558. F - 48 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE 25: INCOME TAXES
The Company is subject to U.S. federal tax at the rate of 21%. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law making significant changes to U.S. income tax law. These changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years 2018 onwards and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments - the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”). Furthermore, changes introduced by the Tax Act to Section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code, that came into effect on January 1, 2022, require taxpayers to amortize research and development expenditures over five years (if The Tax Act required the Company to pay U.S. income taxes on accumulated foreign subsidiaries earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets and 8% on the remaining earnings. The total tax liability was calculated to approximately $8,500, which will be paid over the eight-year period provided in the Tax Act (ending 2024).
The taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to corporate tax at the rate of 23%. The Israeli subsidiary is also eligible for tax benefits as further described in note
As of December 31,
Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:
(1)Related to deferred tax assets that would only be realizable upon the generation of net income in certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s Israeli subsidiary’s tax-exempt profit from Benefited Enterprises (as defined in note The Company may incur additional tax liability in the event of intercompany dividend distributions by some of its subsidiaries. Such additional tax liability in respect of these subsidiaries has not been provided for in the Financial Statements as the Company’s management and the Board of Directors has determined that the Company intends to reinvest earnings of its subsidiaries indefinitely.
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits above would affect the Company's effective tax rate, if recognized. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $2,927. The total amount of penalties and interest were not material as of December 31, 2022 It is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an insignificant amount in the next 12 months, primarily due to the lapse of the statute of limitations.
F - 51 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The differences between the statutory tax rate of the Company and the effective tax rate are result of a variety of factors, including different effective tax rates applicable to non-US subsidiaries that have tax rates different than the Company tax rate, tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation and adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets
A reconciliation between the theoretical tax expense and the actual tax expense as reported in the consolidated statements of income is as follows:
The Israeli tax authorities issued a tax order for tax year 2016 and tax assessments for tax years 2017 and 2018 against the Company’s Israeli subsidiary, challenging the subsidiary's positions on several issues. The Israeli subsidiary has protested the order before the Central District Court in Israel and appealed the tax assessments. The Company believes it has adequately provided for these items, however adverse results could have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. As of December 31, The statute of limitations related to tax returns of the Company’s Israeli subsidiary for all tax years up to and including 2015 has lapsed. The statute of limitations related to tax returns of the Company’s other subsidiaries has lapsed for part of the tax years, which differs between the different subsidiaries.
The Israeli subsidiary elected tax year 2012 as a "Year of Election" for “Benefited Enterprise” status under the Investments Law. According to the Investments Law, the Israeli subsidiary elected to participate in the alternative benefits program which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates (which depend on, inter alia, the geographic location in Israel). Income not eligible for Benefited Enterprise benefits is taxed at a regular corporate tax rate. Upon meeting the requirements under the Investments Law, undistributed income derived from Benefited Enterprise from productive activity will be exempt from tax for two years from the year in which the Israeli subsidiary first has taxable income (“exempt period”), provided that 12 years have not passed from the beginning of the year of election. On October 24, 2018, the Company’s Israeli subsidiary received an approval from the Israeli Tax Authorities confirming the applicability of the two-year tax exemption as provided in the Investments Law until December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $289,900 was derived from tax exempt profits earned by the Israeli subsidiary “Benefited Enterprises” in the two tax years exempt period, tax years 2017 - 2018. The Company has determined that such tax-exempt income will not be distributed as dividends and intends to reinvest the amount of its tax-exempt income earned by the Israeli subsidiary. Accordingly, no provision for deferred income taxes has been provided on income attributable to the Israeli subsidiary “Benefited Enterprises” as such income is essentially permanently reinvested. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
If the Israeli subsidiary’s retained tax-exempt income is distributed, the income would be taxed at the applicable corporate tax rate which depends on the foreign ownership in each tax year. Through December 31, Pursuant to amendment 73 to the Investments Law (the “2017 Amendment"), a preferred enterprise located in development area A will be subject to a tax rate of 7.5% instead of 9% effective from January 1, 2017 and thereafter (the tax rate applicable to preferred enterprises located in other areas remains at 16%). The 2017 Amendment also prescribes special tax tracks for preferred technological enterprises (“PTE”), which are subject to rules that were issued by the Ministry of Finance. On June 14, 2017, the Encouragement of Capital Investments Regulations (Preferred Technological Income and Capital Gain for Technological Enterprise), 2017 (the “Regulations”) were published. The Regulations describe, inter alia, the mechanism used to determine the calculation of the benefits under the PTE regime. According to these regulations, a company that complies with the terms under the PTE regime may be entitled to certain tax benefits with respect to income generated during the company’s regular course of business and derived from the preferred intangible asset, excluding income derived from intangible assets used for marketing and income attributed to production activity. A PTE, which is located in the center of Israel will be subject to tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property, or 6% if its annual revenues exceed NIS 10 Tax Benefits for Research and Development: Israeli tax law (section 20A to the Israeli Tax Ordinance (New Version), 1961) allows a tax deduction for research and development expenses, including capital expenses,
The Company’s Israeli subsidiary claims currently to be qualified as ‘industrial company’ as defined by this law and as such, is entitled to certain tax benefits, consisting mainly of accelerated depreciation and amortization of patents and certain other intangible property. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE
NOTE
Following the discontinuation of the Critical Power segment in June 2022, the Company The Company's Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), makes resource allocation decisions and assesses performance based on financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues and contributed profit by the operating segments. The Company does not allocate to its operating segments revenue recognized due to advance payments received for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year (“financing component”), related to Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606). Segment profit (loss) is comprised of gross profit for the segment less operating expenses that do not include amortization and impairment of purchased intangible assets, stock based compensation expenses, restructuring charges, discontinued activity chargesand certain other items. The Company manages its assets on a group basis, not by segments, as many of its assets are shared or co-mingled. The Company’s CODM does not regularly review asset information by segments and, therefore, the Company does not report asset information by segment. The Company identified The Solar segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of an intelligent inverter solution designed to maximize power generation at the individual PV module level and The Energy Storage segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of high-energy, high-power, lithium-ion cells and racks and containerized battery systems for C&I and Utility markets. The Energy Storage segment provides purpose-built components and solutions, hardware and software, as well as pre and post sales engineering support to design, build, and manage battery and system solutions according to the customer’s use cases and mission profiles. F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The “All other” category includes the (in prior periods). The following
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
The following table presents information on reportable segments reconciliation to consolidated revenues for the periods presented:
(*) Except for Germany, Netherlands and Italy
F - SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data)
(*) Long-lived assets are comprised of property and equipment, net and Operating lease right-of-use assets, net. F - 57 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont.) (in thousands, except per share data) NOTE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F - ITEM Not applicable. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of December 31, Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and operating to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the end of the year to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global, independently assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting, as stated in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter of ITEM 9B. Other Information (a) Not applicable. (b) None. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. Not applicable. PART III ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. The information required by Item 10 will be included under the captions “Directors and Corporate Governance”, ITEM 11. Executive Compensation The information required by Item 11 will be included under the captions “Board Committees”, “Director Compensation”, “Executive Compensation”, and “Compensation Risk” in our ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by Item 12 will be included under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Compensation Plan Information The information required regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference from the information contained in the section entitled ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Directors and Corporate Governance” in our ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions PART IV ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Index to Item 8 for more detail. All financial schedules have been omitted either because they are not applicable or because the required information is provided in our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Index to Exhibits
65
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. ITEM 16. Form 10–K Summary None. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
POWER OF ATTORNEY Know all persons by these presents, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Zvi Lando, Ronen Faier, and Rachel Prishkolnik, or any of them, as such person’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in such person’s name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or any of them or their or such person’s substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated below.
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