UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011,

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010,

or

¨

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 0-10587

FULTON FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

PENNSYLVANIA 23-2195389

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

One Penn Square, P. O. Box 4887, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(717) 291-2411

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

 

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $2.50 par value The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large accelerated filer

x  

x

Accelerated filer
¨
 

Accelerated filer

 

¨

Non-accelerated filer

¨  

¨

Smaller reporting company

¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the average bid and asked prices on June 30, 2010,2011, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $1.9 billion. $2.1 billion. The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding on January 31, 20112012 was 199,132,000.

200,303,000.

Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement of the Registrant for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 28, 201130, 2012 are incorporated by reference in Part III.


1


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description

Page
   
PagePART I 

PART I

Item 1.
3
Item 1A.10

Item 1.

1B.

18


Item 2.19
Item 3.19
Item 4.Mine Saftey Disclosures19
  
3PART II 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

9

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

15

Item 2.

Properties

16

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

16

Item 4.

Removed and Reserved

16

PART II

Item 5.

2017

Item 6.

2319

Item 7.

2420

Item 7A.

5047

Item 8.

 
 

57
 54

58
 55

59
 56

60
 57

61
 58

107
 104

108
 105

109106

Item 9.

110
Item 9A.110
Item 9B.110
  
107PART III 

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

107

Item 9B.

Other Information

107

PART III

Item 10.

111108

Item 11.

111108

Item 12.

111108

Item 13.

111108

Item 14.

111
  
108PART IV 

PART IV

Item 15.

112
  
109115

Signatures

112

117114


2


PART I


Item 1. Business

General
General

Fulton Financial Corporation (the Corporation) was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania on February 8, 1982 and became a bank holding company through the acquisition of all of the outstanding stock of Fulton Bank on June 30, 1982. In 2000, the Corporation became a financial holding company as defined in the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act), which allowed the Corporation to expand its financial services activities under its holding company structure (See “Competition” and “Supervision and Regulation”). The Corporation directly owns 100% of the common stock of sevensix community banks and twelveeleven non-bank entities.As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had approximately 3,530 full-time equivalent employees.

The common stock of Fulton Financial Corporation is listed for quotation on the Global Select Market of The NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol FULT. The Corporation’s internet address iswww.fult.com. Electronic copies of the Corporation’s 20102011 Annual Report on Form 10-K are available free of charge by visiting “Investor Relations” atwww.fult.com. Electronic copies of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K are also available at this internet address. These reports are posted as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Bank and Financial Services Subsidiaries

The Corporation’s sevensix subsidiary banks are located primarily in suburban or semi-rural geographical markets throughout a five-state region (Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Virginia). Each of these banking subsidiaries delivers financial services in a highly personalized, community-oriented style, and many decisions are made by the local management team in each market. Where appropriate, operations are centralized through common platforms and back-office functions.

From time to time, in some markets and in certain circumstances, merging subsidiary banks allows the Corporation to leverage one bank’s stronger brand recognition over a larger market. It also enables the Corporation to create operating and marketing efficiencies and avoid direct competition between two or more subsidiary banks. For example, in October 2011, the former Skylands Community Bank subsidiary consolidated with the former The Bank subsidiary to become Fulton Bank of New Jersey. In 2010, the former Delaware National Bank subsidiary consolidated into Fulton Bank, N.A. In 2009, the former Peoples Bank of Elkton subsidiary and the former Hagerstown Trust Company subsidiary merged into The Columbia Bank to consolidate the Corporation’s Maryland franchise.

The Corporation’s subsidiary banks are located in areas that are home to a wide range of manufacturing, distribution, health care and other service companies. The Corporation and its banks are not dependent upon one or a few customers or any one industry, and the loss of any single customer or a few customers would not have a material adverse impact on any of the subsidiary banks.

Each of the subsidiary banks offers a full range of consumer and commercial banking products and services in its local market area. Personal banking services include various checking account and savings deposit products, certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts. The subsidiary banks offer a variety of consumer lending products to creditworthy customers in their market areas. Secured consumer loan products include home equity loans and lines of credit, which are underwritten based on loan-to-value limits specified in the Corporation's lending policy. Subsidiary banks also offer a variety of fixed and variable-rate products, including construction loans and jumbo loans. Residential mortgages are offered through Fulton Mortgage Company, which operates as a division of each subsidiary bank. Consumer loan products also include automobile loans, automobile and equipment leases, personal lines of credit, credit cards and checking account overdraft protection.

Commercial banking services are provided to small and medium sized businesses (generally with sales of less than $100 million) in the subsidiary banks’ market areas. The maximum total lending commitment to an individual borrower was $33.0 million as of December 31, 2010,2011, which is below the Corporation’s regulatory lending limit. Commercial lending options include commercial, financial, agricultural and real estate loans. Floating, adjustable and fixed rate loans are provided, with floating and adjustable rate loans generally tied to an index such as the Prime Rate or the London Interbank OfferingOffered Rate. The Corporation’s commercial lending policy encourages relationship banking and provides strict guidelines related to customer creditworthiness and collateral requirements. In addition, equipment leasing, credit cards, letters of credit, cash management services and traditional deposit products are offered to commercial customers.

The Corporation also offers investment management, trust, brokerage, insurance and investment advisory services to consumer and commercial banking customers in the market areas serviced by the subsidiary banks.

In the fall of 2009, Fulton Bank converted its Pennsylvania state charter to a national charter and became Fulton Bank, National Association (Fulton Bank, N.A.) and the Corporation’s investment management and trust services subsidiary, Fulton Financial Advisors, N.A., became an operating subsidiary of Fulton Bank, N.A. Subsequently, on January 1, 2010, Fulton Financial Advisors, N.A. merged into Fulton Bank, N.A., thereby becoming a division of Fulton Bank, N.A.

The Corporation’s subsidiary banks deliver their products and services through traditional branch banking, with a network of full service branch offices. Electronic delivery channels include a network of automated teller machines, telephone banking and online banking. The variety of available delivery channels allows customers to access their account information and perform certain transactions, such as transferring funds and paying bills, at virtually any hour of the day.


3


The following table provides certain information for the Corporation’s banking subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010.

Subsidiary

  

Main Office
Location

  Total
Assets
   Total
Deposits
   Branches (1) 
      (dollars in millions)     

Fulton Bank, N.A.

  

Lancaster, PA

  $8,731    $6,282     119  

The Bank

  

Woodbury, NJ

   2,105     1,738     48  

The Columbia Bank

  

Columbia, MD

   2,104     1,604     40  

Skylands Community Bank

  

Hackettstown, NJ

   1,410     1,163     26  

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

  

Easton, PA

   1,405     1,095     23  

FNB Bank, N.A.

  

Danville, PA

   388     313     8  

Swineford National Bank

  

Hummels Wharf, PA

   309     254     7  
           
         271  
           

2011
.
Subsidiary Main Office
Location
 Total
Assets
 Total
Deposits
 Branches (1)
    (dollars in millions)  
Fulton Bank, N.A. Lancaster, PA $9,015
 $6,695
 118
Fulton Bank of New Jersey Mt. Laurel, NJ 3,414
 2,812
 71
The Columbia Bank Columbia, MD 2,001
 1,528
 40
Lafayette Ambassador Bank Easton, PA 1,453
 1,078
 23
FNB Bank, N.A. Danville, PA 387
 306
 8
Swineford National Bank Middleburg, PA 290
 238
 7
        267
(1)

Remote service facilities (mainly stand-alone automated teller machines) are excluded. See additional information in “Item 2. Properties.”

Non-Bank Subsidiaries

The Corporation owns 100% of the common stock of six non-bank subsidiaries which are consolidated for financial reporting purposes: (i) Fulton Reinsurance Company, LTD, which engages in the business of reinsuring credit life and accident and health insurance directly related to extensions of credit by the banking subsidiaries of the Corporation; (ii) Fulton Financial Realty Company, which holds title to or leases certain properties upon which Corporation branch offices and other facilities are located; (iii) Central Pennsylvania Financial Corp., which owns certain limited partnership interests in partnerships invested primarily in low and moderate income housing projects; (iv) FFC Management, Inc., which owns certain investment securities and other passive investments; (v) FFC Penn Square, Inc., which owns trust preferred securities issued by a subsidiary of Fulton Bank, N.A; and (vi) Fulton Insurance Services Group, Inc., which engages in the sale of various life insurance products.

The Corporation owns 100% of the common stock of sixfive non-bank subsidiaries which are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes. The following table provides information for these non-bank subsidiaries, whose sole assets consist of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Corporation, as of December 31, 20102011 (dollars in thousands):

Subsidiary

  State of Incorporation  Total Assets 

Fulton Capital Trust I

  Pennsylvania  $154,640  

SVB Bald Eagle Statutory Trust I

  Connecticut   4,124  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust

  Delaware   6,186  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust II

  Delaware   4,124  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust III

  Delaware   6,186  

PBI Capital Trust

  Delaware   10,310  

SubsidiaryState of Incorporation Total Assets
Fulton Capital Trust IPennsylvania $154,640
SVB Bald Eagle Statutory Trust I (1)Connecticut 4,124
Columbia Bancorp Statutory TrustDelaware 6,186
Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust IIDelaware 4,124
Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust IIIDelaware 6,186

(1) Redeemed on January 31, 2012.

Competition

The banking and financial services industries are highly competitive. Within its geographical region, the Corporation’s subsidiaries face direct competition from other commercial banks, varying in size from local community banks to larger regional and national

banks, credit unions and non-bank entities. With the growth in electronic commerce and distribution channels, the banks also face competition from financial institutions that do not have a physical presence in the Corporation’s geographical markets.

The industry is also highly competitive due to the GLB Act. Under the GLB Act, banks, insurance companies or securities firms may affiliate under a financial holding company structure, allowing expansion into non-banking financial services activities that were previously restricted. These include a full range of banking, securities and insurance activities, including securities and insurance underwriting, issuing and selling annuities and merchant banking activities. While the Corporation does not currently engage in all of these activities, the ability to do so without separate approval from the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) enhances the ability of the Corporation – and financial holding companies in general – to compete more effectively in all areas of financial services.

As a result of the GLB Act, there is a great deal of competition for customers that were traditionally served by the banking industry. While the GLB Act increased competition, it also provided opportunities for the Corporation to expand its financial services offerings. The Corporation competes through the variety of products that it offers and the quality of service that it provides to its customers. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will insulate the Corporation from competitive pressure, which could impact its pricing decisions for loans, deposits and other services and could ultimately impact financial results.


4


Market Share

Although there are many ways to assess the size and strength of banks, deposit market share continues to be an important industry statistic. This publicly available information is compiled, as of June 30th30 of each year, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Corporation’s banks maintain branch offices in 53 counties across five states. In 1011 of these counties, the Corporation ranked in the top three in deposit market share (based on deposits as of June 30, 2010)2011). The following table summarizes information about the counties in which the Corporation has branch offices and its market position in each county.

              No. of Financial
Institutions
   Deposit Market Share
(June 30, 2010)
 

County

  State   Population
(2010 Est.)
   

Banking Subsidiary

  Banks/
Thrifts
   Credit
Unions
   Rank   % 

Lancaster

   PA     508,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   16     11     1     22.3

Berks

   PA     408,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   20     10     7     4.6

Bucks

   PA     624,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   38     18     16     2.3

Centre

   PA     146,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   16     4     14     1.9

Chester

   PA     501,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   39     5     13     2.2

Columbia

   PA     65,000    

FNB Bank, N.A.

   6     0     5     6.5

Cumberland

   PA     232,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   20     5     14     1.5

Dauphin

   PA     258,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   17     9     6     3.8

Delaware

   PA     554,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   39     14     34     0.3

Lebanon

   PA     131,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   11     2     1     31.6

Lehigh

   PA     345,000    

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   21     13     9     3.5

Lycoming

   PA     116,000    

FNB Bank, N.A.

   11     10     14     1.1

Montgomery

   PA     781,000    

Fulton Bank

   47     22     26     0.6

Montour

   PA     18,000    

FNB Bank, N.A.

   4     3     1     31.9

Northampton

   PA     299,000    

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   17     12     3     15.4

Northumberland

   PA     91,000    

Swineford National Bank

   19     3     14     1.7
      

FNB Bank, N.A.

       7     5.2

Schuylkill

   PA     147,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   20     3     9     3.9

Snyder

   PA     38,000    

Swineford National Bank

   8     0     1     30.2

              No. of Financial
Institutions
   Deposit Market Share
(June 30, 2010)
 

County

  State   Population
(2010 Est.)
   

Banking Subsidiary

  Banks/
Thrifts
   Credit
Unions
   Rank   % 

Union

   PA     44,000    

Swineford National Bank

   8     1     6     6.1

York

   PA     432,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   16     13     4     10.6

New Castle

   DE     535,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   27     19     23     0.1

Sussex

   DE     194,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   15     4     5     0.6

Anne Arundel

   MD     515,000    

The Columbia Bank

   32     7     30     0.2

Baltimore

   MD     788,000    

The Columbia Bank

   42     21     22     0.8

Baltimore City

   MD     634,000    

The Columbia Bank

   36     12     16     0.3

Cecil

   MD     102,000    

The Columbia Bank

   7     3     4     11.4

Frederick

   MD     229,000    

The Columbia Bank

   18     2     14     1.0

Howard

   MD     279,000    

The Columbia Bank

   19     3     3     11.8

Montgomery

   MD     961,000    

The Columbia Bank

   39     21     32     0.3

Prince George’s

   MD     817,000    

The Columbia Bank

   22     20     17     1.2

Washington

   MD     147,000    

The Columbia Bank

   13     3     2     21.0

Atlantic

   NJ     272,000    

The Bank

   15     5     14     1.4

Burlington

   NJ     446,000    

The Bank

   22     11     18     0.6

Camden

   NJ     518,000    

The Bank

   21     6     12     1.8

Cumberland

   NJ     159,000    

The Bank

   12     4     10     2.3

Gloucester

   NJ     293,000    

The Bank

   22     5     2     14.9

Hunterdon

   NJ     129,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   15     3     13     2.7

Mercer

   NJ     366,000    

The Bank

   26     18     20     1.3

Middlesex

   NJ     795,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   45     24     26     0.5

Monmouth

   NJ     644,000    

The Bank

   26     10     25     0.6

Morris

   NJ     489,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   29     9     16     1.3

Ocean

   NJ     576,000    

The Bank

   22     6     15     0.8

Salem

   NJ     66,000    

The Bank

   8     3     1     27.2

Somerset

   NJ     329,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   29     7     8     2.6

Sussex

   NJ     151,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   12     1     11     0.7

Warren

   NJ     110,000    

Skylands Community Bank

   13     2     3     11.5

Chesapeake City

   VA     221,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   13     7     11     1.7

Fairfax

   VA     1,026,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   39     16     36     0.1

Henrico

   VA     297,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   23     13     22     0.1

Manassas

   VA     36,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   14     1     10     1.5

Newport News

   VA     186,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   12     6     14     0.6

Richmond City

   VA     200,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   16     11     17     0.2

Virginia Beach

   VA     433,000    

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   15     8     11     1.9

        No. of Financial
Institutions
 Deposit Market Share
(June 30, 2011)
County State Population
(2011 Est.)
 Banking Subsidiary Banks/
Thrifts
 Credit
Unions
 Rank %
Lancaster PA 517,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 18
 15
 2
 22.7%
Berks PA 414,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 21
 13
 7
 4.4%
Bucks PA 633,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 36
 22
 17
 2.0%
Centre PA 148,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 17
 4
 15
 1.7%
Chester PA 511,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 39
 9
 12
 2.6%
Columbia PA 66,000
 FNB Bank, N.A. 6
 2
 5
 4.8%
Cumberland PA 237,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 19
 7
 14
 1.7%
Dauphin PA 262,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 18
 11
 6
 4.3%
Delaware PA 563,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 41
 17
 35
 0.2%
Lebanon PA 133,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 11
 6
 1
 31.2%
Lehigh PA 350,000
 Lafayette Ambassador Bank 22
 15
 10
 3.6%
Lycoming PA 117,000
 FNB Bank, N.A. 11
 11
 14
 1.0%
Montgomery PA 791,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 48
 35
 25
 0.5%
Montour PA 18,000
 FNB Bank, N.A. 4
 3
 2
 29.5%
Northampton PA 305,000
 Lafayette Ambassador Bank 17
 13
 3
 14.3%
Northumberland PA 92,000
 Swineford National Bank 18
 4
 14
 1.5%

 
 
 FNB Bank, N.A. 
 
 7
 4.9%
Schuylkill PA 148,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 20
 3
 9
 3.9%
Snyder PA 39,000
 Swineford National Bank 8
 1
 1
 30.3%
Union PA 44,000
 Swineford National Bank 8
 3
 6
 6.1%
York PA 438,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 17
 16
 4
 10.7%
New Castle DE 543,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 36
 24
 23
 0.3%
Sussex DE 199,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 14
 5
 5
 7.0%
Anne Arundel MD 532,000
 The Columbia Bank 32
 14
 31
 0.1%
Baltimore MD 801,000
 The Columbia Bank 54
 34
 25
 0.7%
Baltimore City MD 642,000
 The Columbia Bank 37
 19
 31
 0.3%
Cecil MD 103,000
 The Columbia Bank 7
 4
 3
 11.6%
Frederick MD 233,000
 The Columbia Bank 18
 5
 17
 0.7%
Howard MD 290,000
 The Columbia Bank 20
 6
 3
 10.9%
Montgomery MD 999,000
 The Columbia Bank 38
 38
 2
 19.7%
Prince George’s MD 845,000
 The Columbia Bank 21
 27
 33
 0.2%
Washington MD 149,000
 The Columbia Bank 13
 5
 17
 1.1%
Atlantic NJ 276,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 16
 7
 13
 1.4%
Burlington NJ 450,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 22
 15
 19
 0.6%
Camden NJ 523,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 20
 10
 11
 2.1%
Cumberland NJ 161,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 12
 5
 11
 2.1%
Gloucester NJ 296,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 23
 6
 2
 13.2%

5


        No. of Financial
Institutions
 Deposit Market Share
(June 30, 2011)
County State Population
(2011 Est.)
 Banking Subsidiary Banks/
Thrifts
 Credit
Unions
 Rank %
Hunterdon NJ 132,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 15
 7
 12
 3.0%
Mercer NJ 371,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 26
 24
 20
 1.2%
Middlesex NJ 803,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 47
 33
 28
 0.4%
Monmouth NJ 651,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 26
 13
 25
 0.6%
Morris NJ 494,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 31
 19
 17
 1.1%
Ocean NJ 585,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 23
 8
 17
 0.7%
Salem NJ 67,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 8
 5
 1
 27.2%
Somerset NJ 334,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 28
 13
 8
 2.5%
Sussex NJ 152,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 12
 1
 11
 0.7%
Warren NJ 111,000
 Fulton Bank of New Jersey 13
 4
 3
 11.0%
Chesapeake VA 226,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 13
 11
 11
 1.9%
Fairfax VA 1,059,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 40
 32
 39
 0.1%
Henrico VA 304,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 23
 18
 20
 0.1%
Manassas VA 37,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 15
 4
 11
 1.3%
Newport News VA 190,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 12
 9
 14
 0.6%
Richmond City VA 204,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 16
 13
 17
 0.2%
Virginia Beach VA 439,000
 Fulton Bank, N.A. 16
 13
 11
 1.9%

Supervision and Regulation

The Corporation operates in an industry that is subject to various laws and regulations that are enforced by a number of Federalfederal and state agencies. Changes in these laws and regulations, including interpretation and enforcement activities, could impact the cost of operating in the financial services industry, limit or expand permissible activities or affect competition among banks and other financial institutions.


The following discussion summarizes the current regulatory environment for financial holding companies and banks, including a summary of the more significant laws and regulations.

Regulators – The Corporation is a registered financial holding company, and its subsidiary banks are depository institutions whose deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are subject to various regulations and examinations by regulatory authorities. The following table summarizes the charter types and primary regulators for each of the Corporation’s subsidiary banks.

Subsidiary

 

Charter

  

Primary
Regulator(s)

Fulton Bank, N.A.

 

National

  

OCC

TheFulton Bank

of New Jersey
 

NJ

  

NJ/FDIC

The Columbia Bank

 

MD

  

MD/FDIC

Skylands CommunityLafayette Ambassador Bank

 

NJ

PA
  

NJ/FDIC

PA/FRB

Lafayette AmbassadorFNB Bank,

N.A.
 

PA

National
  

PA/FRB

OCC

FNBSwineford National Bank N.A.

 

National

  

OCC

Swineford National Bank

National

OCC

Fulton Financial (Parent Company)

 

N/A

  

FRB


OCC - Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.

Federal statutes that apply to the Corporation and its subsidiaries include the GLB Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), the Bank Holding Company Act (BHCA), the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, among others. In general, these statutes and related interpretations establish the eligible business activities of the Corporation, certain acquisition and merger restrictions, limitations on intercompany transactions, such as loans and dividends, and capital adequacy requirements, among other statutes and regulations.


6


The Corporation is subject to regulation and examination by the FRB, and is required to file periodic reports and to provide additional information that the FRB may require. In addition, the FRB must approve certain proposed changes in organizational structure or other business activities before they occur. The BHCA imposes certain restrictions upon the Corporation regarding the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of or direct or indirect ownership or control of any bank for which it is not already the majority owner.

Regulatory Reforms– The Dodd-Frank Act was enacted in July 2010 and implemented significant financial regulatory reform. The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impacts many aspects of the financial services industry, and it requires the development and adoption of many regulations, many of which have not yet been issued. The effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry will depend, in large part, upon the extent to which regulators exercise the authority granted to them under the Dodd-Frank Act and the approaches taken in implementing regulations. The Corporation has established a cross-functional team of senior officers that is responsible for monitoring the ongoing implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act and for advising management of the potential impact of the various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act on the Corporation's business and operations.
The following is a listing of significant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, and, if applicable, the resulting regulatory rules adopted, that have, or will, most directly affect the Corporation and its subsidiaries:
Federal deposit insurance – On April 1, 2011, the FDIC's revised deposit insurance assessment base changed from total domestic deposits to average total assets, minus average tangible equity. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act created a two scorecard system, one for large depository institutions that have more than $10 billion in assets and another for highly complex institutions that have over $50 billion in assets. See details under the heading "Federal Deposit Insurance" below.
Debit card interchange fees – In June 2011, the FRB adopted regulations which became effective on October 1, 2011 and set maximum permissible interchange fees issuers can receive or charge on debit card transactions. During the fourth quarter of 2011, debit card income decreased $2.4 million, or 51.9%, compared to the third quarter of 2011.
Interest on demand deposits – Beginning in July 2011, depository institutions were no longer prohibited from paying interest on business transaction and other accounts.
Incentive compensation – As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, a joint interagency proposed regulation was issued in April 2011. The proposed rule would require the reporting of incentive-based compensation arrangements by a covered financial institution and prohibit incentive-based compensation arrangements at a covered financial institution that provide excessive compensation or that could expose the institution to inappropriate risks that could lead to material financial loss. The proposed rule, if adopted as currently proposed, could limit the manner in which the Corporation structures incentive compensation for its executives.
Stress testing – In June 2011, the banking agencies issued proposed guidance which described the manner in which stress testing should be employed as an integral component of risk management and as a component of capital and liquidity planning by certain banking organizations. Specifically, this proposed guidance would apply to banking organizations, including the Corporation, with total consolidated assets of more than $10 billion and sets forth expectations that those banking organizations will conduct both regular periodic stress tests and ad hoc stress tests in response to emerging risks.
In addition to the above provisions, the Dodd-Frank Act also requires regulatory agencies to adopt the following other significant rules, that because of its business practices and size, are not likely to impact the Corporation, as follows:
The Dodd-Frank Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Effective July 21, 2011, the CFPB became responsible for administering and enforcing numerous federal consumer financial laws enumerated in the Dodd-Frank Act. The Dodd-Frank Act also provided that for banks with total assets of more than $10 billion, the CFPB would have exclusive or primary authority to examine those banks for, and enforce compliance with the federal consumer financial laws. As of December 31, 2011, none of the Corporation's subsidiary banks had total assets of more than $10 billion.
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review Rules (CCAR Rules) – In November 2011, the FRB adopted rules requiring bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more to submit annual capital plans to the FRB. The payment of dividends and the repurchase of stock may only be permitted under capital plans approved by the FRB. Based on its current asset size of $16.4 billion, the Corporation is well below the $50 billion threshold which would require compliance with the proposed CCAR Rules. However, while these rules would not be applicable to the Corporation, regulators could evaluate whether proposed dividend payments or stock repurchases by the Corporation represent unsafe or unsound practices in the future.
Volcker Rule – As required by the Dodd-Frank Act, a joint interagency proposed regulation was issued in October 2011that

7


prohibits a banking entity and nonbank financial company supervised by the FRB from engaging in proprietary trading or having certain interests in, or relationships with, a hedge fund or private equity fund. The Corporation believes that it does not currently engage in the activities or have any interests or relationships, as defined in the proposed regulation, which are prohibited. However, the proposed regulation, if adopted, would place further compliance burdens on the Corporation to develop policies and procedures that ensure the Corporation, on an ongoing basis, does not engage in any activities or relationships which are prohibited.
Capital Requirements – There are a number of restrictions on financial and bank holding companies and FDIC-insured depository subsidiaries that are designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and the FDIC insurance funds. If an FDIC-insured depository subsidiary is “undercapitalized,” the bank holding company is required to ensure (subject to certain limits) the subsidiary’s compliance with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed with its appropriate banking agency. Also, a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its depository institution subsidiaries and to commit resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so absent such policy. Under the BHCA, the FRB has the authority to require a bank holding company to terminate any activity or to relinquish control of a non-bank subsidiary upon the FRB’s determination that such activity or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial soundness and stability of a depository institution subsidiary of the bank holding company.

Bank holding companies are required to comply with the FRB’s risk-based capital guidelines that require a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8%. At least half of the total capital is required to be Tier 1 capital. In addition to the risk-based capital guidelines, the FRB has adopted a minimum leverage capital ratio under which a bank holding company must maintain a level of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 3% in the case of a bank holding company which has the highest regulatory examination rating and is not contemplating significant growth or expansion. For all other bank holding companies, the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to total assets is 4%. Banking organizations with supervisory, financial, operational, or managerial weaknesses, as well as organizations that are anticipating or experiencing significant growth, are expected to maintain capital ratios well above the minimum levels. Moreover, higher capital ratios may be required for any bank holding company if warranted by its particular circumstances or risk profile. In all cases, bank holding companies should hold capital commensurate with the level and nature of the risks, including the volume and severity of problem loans, to which they are exposed.

Dividends


In addition, although U.S. banking regulators have not yet proposed implementing regulations, the framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulations adopted by The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel) in December 2010 is expected to impose new minimum capital requirements for domestic banks, including the Corporation's banking subsidiaries, beginning January 1, 2013.  For additional discussion of the anticipated new Basel minimum capital requirements, see Part II - Item 7 “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the heading “Shareholder's Equity.”
Loans and Dividends from Subsidiary Banks – There are also various restrictions on the extent to which the Corporation and its non-bank subsidiaries can receive loans from its banking subsidiaries. In general, these restrictions require that such loans be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral and are limited, as to any one of the Corporation or its non-bank subsidiaries, to 10% of the lending bank’s regulatory capital (20% in the aggregate to all such entities).


The Corporation is also limited in the amount of dividends that it may receive from its subsidiary banks. Dividend limitations vary, depending on the subsidiary bank’s charter and whether or not it is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Generally, subsidiaries are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below the regulatory minimum capital levels. Additionally, limits may exist on paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods. See “Note J – Regulatory Matters” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding regulatory capital and dividend and loan limitations.

Federal Deposit Insurance– Substantially all of the deposits of the Corporation’s subsidiary banks are insured up to the applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) of the FDIC, generally up to $250,000 per insured depositor. The Corporation’s subsidiary banks are subject to deposit insurance assessments to maintain the DIF.

The subsidiary banks pay deposit insurance premiums based on assessment rates established by the FDIC. The FDIC has established a risk-based assessment system under which institutions are classified and pay premiums according to their perceived risk to the Federal deposit insurance funds. The FDIC is not required to charge deposit insurance premiums when the ratio of deposit insurance reserves to insured deposits is maintained above specified levels.

In May 2009, the FDIC levied a special assessment applicable to all insured depository institutions totaling 5 basis points of each institution’s total assets less Tier 1 capital as of June 30, 2009, resulting in a one-time pre-tax charge of $7.7 million for the Corporation. In November 2009, the FDIC issued a ruling requiring insured depository institutions to prepay their estimated quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009 and for all of 2010, 2011 and 2012. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the balance of

8


prepaid FDIC assessments included in other assets on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheet was $47.9$34.6 million.

In October 2010, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC adopted a DIF restoration plan to ensure a 1.35% fund reserve ratio by September 30, 2020. On at least a semi-annual basis, the FDIC will determine if a future adjustment of assessment rates will be needed based on its income and loss projections for the DIF. In November 2010, the FDIC issued a ruling which, effective December 31, 2010, provides unlimited coverage for non-interest bearing transaction accounts until December 31, 2012.

In February

On April 1, 2011, as required by the FDIC issued a ruling that amendsDodd-Frank Act, the deposit insurance assessment base changed from total domestic deposits to average total assets, minus average tangible equity, effective April 1, 2011.equity. In connection with this ruling,addition, the FDIC also created a two scorecard system, one for large depository institutions that have more than $10 billion or more in assets and another for highly complex institutions that have over $50 billion or more in assets. As of December 31, 2010,2011, none of the Corporation’s individual subsidiary banks had assets in excess of $10 billion or more and would, therefore, not meet the classification of large depository institutions under this ruling. The Corporation’s FDIC insurance assessments under this latest ruling would be approximately $12 million on an annualized basis, based on balances as of December 31, 2010.

institutions.

USA Patriot Act – Anti-terrorism legislation enacted under the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (Patriot Act) expanded the scope of anti-money laundering laws and regulations and imposed significant new compliance obligations for financial institutions, including the Corporation’s subsidiary banks. These regulations include obligations to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing.

Failure to comply with the Patriot Act’s requirements could have serious legal, financial and reputational consequences. The Corporation has adopted appropriate policies, procedures and controls to address compliance with the Patriot Act and will continue to revise and update its policies, procedures and controls to reflect required changes.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 –The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley), which was signed into law in July 2002, impacts all companies with securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including the Corporation. Sarbanes-Oxley created new requirements in the areas of corporate governance and financial disclosure including, among other things, (i) increased responsibility for Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officers with respect to the content of filings with the SEC; (ii) enhanced requirements for audit committees, including independence and disclosure of expertise; (iii) enhanced requirements for auditor independence and the types of non-audit services that auditors can provide; (iv) accelerated filing requirements for SEC reports; (v) disclosure of a code of ethics; (vi) increased disclosure and reporting obligations for companies, their directors and their executive officers; and (vii) new and increased civil and criminal penalties for violations of securities laws. Many of the provisions became effective immediately, while others became effective as a result of rulemaking procedures delegated by Sarbanes-Oxley to the SEC.


Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires management to issue a report on the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, the Corporation’s independent registered public accountants are required to issue an opinion on the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. These reports can be found in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.Data.” Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer as required by Sarbanes-Oxley and the resulting SEC rules can be found in the “Signatures” and “Exhibits” sections.

Regulatory Developments – On July 21, 2010,


9


Executive Officers
As of December 31, 2011, the Presidentexecutive officers of the United States signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Stability Oversight Council, with oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk, and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, which will have broad regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services. The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impacts many aspects of the financial services industry, and it requires the development and adoption of many implementing regulations over the next several months and years.

Corporation are as follows:

NameAgeOffice Held and Term of Office
R. Scott Smith, Jr.64Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation since December 2008; Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation from January 2006 to December 2008; President and Chief Operating Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation from 2001 to 2005; and Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation and Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Fulton Bank from 1998 to 2001.
E. Philip Wenger54President and Chief Operating Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation since December 2008; Senior Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation from January 2006 to December 2008 and Chairman of Fulton Bank from October 2006 to February 2009; Chief Executive Officer of Fulton Bank from January 2006 to October 2006; President and Chief Operating Officer of Fulton Bank from 2003 to 2006; and Senior Executive Vice President of the Lancaster, York and Chester County Divisions of Fulton Bank from 2001 to 2003.
Charles J. Nugent63Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation since January 2001; and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Fulton Financial Corporation from 1992 to 2001.
James E. Shreiner62Senior Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation since January 2006; and Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation and Executive Vice President of Fulton Bank from 2000 to 2005. Mr. Shreiner serves as the Corporation's Senior Risk Officer.
Craig A. Roda55Senior Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation since July 2011; and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Fulton Bank, N.A., since February 2009. Chief Executive Officer and President of Fulton Bank, N.A. from 2006 to 2009.
Craig H. Hill56Senior Executive Vice President of Fulton Financial Corporation since January 2006 and Executive Vice President/Director of Human Resources from 1999 through 2005. Mr. Hill serves as the Corporation's Senior Human Resources Officer.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in the Corporation’sCorporation's common stock involves certain risks, including, among others, the risks described below. In addition to the other information contained in this report, you should carefully consider the following risk factors.


While there have been recent indications that economic conditions are improving, the Corporation continues to operate in a difficult business environment.

From December 2007 through June 2009, the U.S. economy was in a recession. Business activity across a wide range of industries and regions in the United States was greatly reduced. Although economic conditions have begun to improve, the improvement has been sluggish and limited in scope. There can be no assurance that this improvement will continue and certain sectors, such as real estate and manufacturing, remain weak and unemployment remains high. Some state and local governments and many businesses are still experiencing serious financial difficulty.

The current challenges affecting the Corporation, some of which are addressed in more detail below, include the following:

Low market interest rates, which have been projected by many to continue for some time, have pressured net interest margins as interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, have been reinvested or repriced at lower rates. Banks are also reluctant to invest in longer-term assets at historically low interest rates;
Loan demand remains sluggish as consumers continue to reduce debt levels and increase savings and many businesses are reluctant to expand their operations. Confidence levels of both individuals and businesses in the economy appear to be improving but their confidence remains fragile;
The time and expense associated with regulatory compliance and risk management efforts continues to increase. Thus, balancing the need to address regulatory changes and the desire to enhance shareholder value has become more challenging than it has been in the past;
Bank regulators are scrutinizing banks through longer and more extensive bank examinations in both the safety and

10


soundness and compliance areas. In addition, both regulators and banks are being challenged with keeping up with the sweeping changes mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act;
The reputation of, and public confidence in, the banking industry appears to have suffered as a result of continuing criticisms of the industry by politicians and the media. In many cases, these criticisms have not differentiated community banking organizations, such as the Corporation, from larger, more diverse organizations that engaged in certain practices that many observers believe helped contribute to the recent difficulties in the financial markets and the economy generally;
The bank regulatory agencies have been challenged in implementing many of the regulations mandated by the Dodd Frank Act on the timelines contemplated by such legislation, resulting in a lack of clear regulatory guidance to banks. The resulting uncertainty has caused banks to take a cautious approach to business initiatives and planning;
Beginning in October 2011, fee income has been adversely impacted by regulatory changes that have reduced debit card interchange revenue;
Merger and acquisition activity has been restrained due to factors such as market volatility, lower market prices of the stock of potential buyers, lingering credit concerns, regulatory uncertainty and a disparity in price expectations between potential buyers and potential sellers. As a result, supplementing internal growth through acquisitions has been more difficult; and
Concerns about the European Union sovereign debt crisis have caused uncertainty for financial markets globally.

Difficult conditions in the economy and the capital markets may materially adversely affect the Corporation’sCorporation's business and results of operations.

The Corporation’sCorporation's results of operations and financial condition are affected by conditions in the capital markets and the economy generally. The Corporation's financial performance is highly dependent upon on the business environment in the markets where the Corporation operates and in the United States as a whole. The business environment impacts the ability of borrowers to pay interest on and repay principal of outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services the Corporation offers. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, low unemployment, high business and credit markets have experienced extreme volatilityinvestor confidence, and disruptionstrong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in recent years. The volatility and disruption in these markets have produced downward pressureeconomic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence, limitations on stock prices of, and credit availability to, certain companies without regard to those companies’ underlying financial strength.

Concerns over the availability andor increases in the cost of credit and the declinecapital, increases in the U.S. real estate market also contributed to increased volatility in the capital and credit markets and diminished expectations for the economy. These factors precipitated the recent economic slowdown, and may have an adverse effect on the Corporation.

inflation or interest rates, high unemployment, natural disasters or a combination of these or other factors.


Included among the potential adverse effects of economic downturns on the Corporation are the following:


Economic downturns and the composition of the Corporation's loan portfolio could impact the level of loan charge-offs and the provision for credit losses and may affect the Corporation's net income. National, regional and local economic conditions can impact the Corporation's loan portfolio. For example, an increase in unemployment, a decrease in real estate values or increases in interest rates, as well as other factors, could weaken the economies of the communities the Corporation serves. Weakness in the market areas served by the Corporation may depress the Corporation's earnings and consequently its financial condition because:
borrowers may not be able to repay their loans;
the value of the Corporation’scollateral securing the Corporation's loans to borrowers may decline; and
the quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio could impact the level of loan charge-offs and the provision for credit losses and may affect the Corporation’s net income or loss.National, regional, and local economic conditions could impact the Corporation’s loan portfolio. For example, an increase in unemployment, a decrease in real estate values or increases in interest rates, as well as other factors, could weaken the economies of the communities the Corporation serves. Weakness in the market areas served by the Corporation could depress its earnings and consequently its financial condition because:

decline.

borrowers may not be able to repay their loans;


the value of the collateral securing the Corporation’s loans to borrowers may decline; and

the quality of the Corporation’s loan portfolio may decline.

Any of these scenarios could require the Corporation to charge-off a higher percentage of its loans and/or increase its provision for credit losses, which would negatively impact its results of operations.

operations and could result in charge-offs of a higher percentage of its loans.


Approximately $5.2 billion, or 43.4%43.6%, of the Corporation’sCorporation's loan portfolio was in commercial mortgage and construction loans at December 31, 2010.2011. The Corporation did not have a concentration of credit risk with any single borrower, industry or geographical location. However, the performance of real estate markets and the weak economic conditions in general may adversely impact the performance of these loans.


In addition,2011, the amount of the Corporation’sCorporation's provision for credit losses and the percentage of loans it is required to charge-off may be impacted by the overall risk composition of the loan portfolio. In 2010, the Corporation’s provision for loan losses was $160.0$135.0 million. While the Corporation believes that its allowance for loancredit losses as of December 31, 20102011 is sufficient to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio on that date, the Corporation may be required to increase its provision for credit losses or charge-off a higher percentage of loans due to changes in the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, thereby negatively impacting its results of operations.

Economic downturns, especially ones affecting the Corporation’s geographic market areas, could reduce the Corporation’s customer deposits and demand for financial products, such as loans. The Corporation’s success depends significantly upon the growth in population, unemployment and income levels, deposits and housing starts in its geographic markets. Unlike large national institutions, the Corporation is not able to spread the risks of unfavorable local economic conditions across a large number of diversified economies and geographic locations. If the communities in which the Corporation operates do not grow, or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, its business could be adversely affected.

Negative developments in the financial industry and the credit markets may subject the Corporation to additional regulation. Negative developments in the financial industry and the domestic and international credit markets, and the impact of legislation in response to those developments, may negatively impact the Corporation’s operations and financial performance. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are subject to regulation and examinations by various regulatory authorities.


Economic downturns or a protracted low-growth environment, particularly when these conditions affect the Corporation's geographic market areas, could reduce the demand for the Corporation's financial products, such as loans and deposits. The Corporation's success depends significantly upon the growth in population, employment and income levels, deposits, loans and housing starts in its geographic markets. Unlike large, national institutions, the

11


Corporation is not able to spread the risks of unfavorable local economic conditions across a large number of diversified economies and geographic locations. If the communities in which the Corporation operates do not grow, or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, its business could be adversely affected. In addition, increased market competition in a lower demand environment could adversely affect the profit potential of the Corporation; for example, in order to remain competitive, the Corporation may be required to offer interest rates on loans and deposits that might not be offered in different business conditions.

Negative developments in the financial industry and the credit markets may subject the Corporation to additional regulation. The Corporation and its subsidiaries are subject to regulation and examinations by various regulatory authorities. Negative developments in the financial industry and the domestic and international credit markets, and the impact of legislation in response to those developments, may negatively impact the Corporation's operations and financial condition. The potential exists for new federal or state regulations regarding lending and funding practices, capital requirements, deposit insurance premiums, other bank-focused special assessments and liquidity standards. Bank regulatory agencies are expected to behave been active in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, which may result in the issuance of formal enforcement orders.

The Corporation’s future growth and liquidity needs may require the Corporation to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed or may be available at an excessive cost.The Corporation is required by regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support its operations. The Corporation anticipates that current capital levels will satisfy regulatory requirements for the foreseeable future.

The Corporation, however, may at some point choose to raise additional capital to support its continued growth. The Corporation’s ability to raise additional capital will depend, in part, on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of the Corporation’s control. Accordingly, the Corporation may be unable to raise additional capital, if and when needed, on terms acceptable to the Corporation, or at all. If the Corporation cannot raise additional capital when needed, its ability to further expand operations through internal growth and acquisitions could be materially impacted. In addition, future issuances of equity securities could dilute the interests of existing shareholders and could cause a decline in the Corporation’s stock price.

In addition to primary sources of liquidity in the form of principal and interest payments on outstanding loans and investments and deposits, the Corporation maintains secondary sources that provide it with additional liquidity. These secondary sources include secured and unsecured borrowings from sources such as the FRB and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and third-party commercial banks. The Corporation maintains a strong liquidity position and believes that it is well positioned to withstand current market conditions. However, market liquidity conditions have been negatively impacted by disruptions in the capital markets in the past and such disruptions could, in the future, have a negative impact on secondary sources of liquidity.


Changes in interest rates may have an adverse effect on the Corporation’sCorporation's net income or loss.

income.


The Corporation is affected by fiscal and monetary policies of the Federalfederal government, including those of the FRB,Federal Reserve Board, which regulates the national money supply and engages in other lending and investment activities in order to manage recessionary and inflationary pressures. Among the techniques available to the FRBFederal Reserve Board are engaging in open market transactions of U.S. Government securities, changing the discount rate and changing reserve requirements against bank deposits. The use of these techniques may also affect interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits.


Net interest income is the most significant component of the Corporation’sCorporation's net income, accounting for approximately 76% of total revenues in 2010.2011. The narrowing of interest rate spreads, the difference between interest rates earned on loans and investments and interest rates paid on deposits and borrowings, could adversely affect the Corporation’sCorporation's net interest income and financial condition. Regional and local economic conditions, as well as fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government, including those of the FRB,Federal Reserve Board, may affect prevailing interest rates. The Corporation cannot predict or control changes in interest rates.


Price fluctuations in securities markets, as well as other market events, such as a disruption in credit and other markets and the abnormal functioning of markets for securities, could have an impact on the Corporation's results of operations.

As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation's equity investments consisted of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock ($82.5 million), common stocks of publicly traded financial institutions ($27.9 million), and other equity investments ($6.7 million). The value of the securities in the Corporation's equity portfolio may be affected by a number of factors, including factors that impact the performance of the U.S. securities market in general and specific risks associated with the financial institution sector. General economic conditions and uncertainty surrounding the financial institution sector as a whole has impacted the value of these securities. Declines in bank stock values, in general, as well as deterioration in the performance of specific banks, could result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges.

As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation had $120.8 million of corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions. As with stocks of financial institutions, continued declines in the values of these securities, combined with adverse changes in the expected cash flows from these investments, could result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges. Included in corporate debt securities as of December 31, 2011 were $5.1 million in pooled trust preferred securities. Further deterioration in the ability of banks within pooled trust preferred holdings to make contractual debt payments could result in an adverse impact on the credit-related valuation portion of these securities.

As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation had $322.0 million of municipal securities issued by various municipalities in its investment portfolio. Ongoing uncertainty with respect to the financial viability of municipal insurers places much greater emphasis on the underlying strength of issuers. Increasing pressure on local tax revenues of issuers due to adverse economic conditions could also have a negative impact on the underlying credit quality of issuers. The Corporation evaluates existing and potential holdings primarily on the underlying credit-worthiness of the issuing municipality and then, to a lesser extent, on the credit enhancement corresponding to the individual issuance. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 94% of municipal securities were supported by the general obligation of corresponding municipalities. In addition, approximately 72% of these securities were school district issuances that are supported by the general obligation of the corresponding municipalities as of December 31, 2011.

The Corporation's investment management and trust division, Fulton Financial Advisors, previously held student loan auction rate

12


securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs), for some of its customers' accounts. From the second quarter of 2008 through 2009, the Corporation purchased illiquid ARCs from customers of Fulton Financial Advisors. Total ARCs included in the Corporation's investment securities at December 31, 2011 were $225.2 million. Continued uncertainty with respect to resolution of auction rate security market illiquidity, the current low interest rate environment and potential changes in repayment performance of certain student loans underlying the ARCs that are not guaranteed by the federal government could adversely affect the performance of individual holdings.

The Corporation's investment management and trust services income could also be impacted by fluctuations in the securities markets. A portion of this revenue is based on the value of the underlying investment portfolios. If the values of those investment portfolios decrease, whether due to factors influencing U.S. securities markets, in general or otherwise, the Corporation's revenue could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Corporation's ability to sell its brokerage services is dependent, in part, upon consumers' level of confidence in securities markets.

The supervision and regulation to which the Corporation is subject can be a competitive disadvantage.


The Corporation is a registered financial holding company, and its subsidiary banks are depository institutions whose deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Corporation is extensively regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations that are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole. In general, these laws and regulations establish: the eligible business activities for the Corporation; certain acquisition and merger restrictions; limitations on intercompany transactions such as loans and dividends; capital adequacy requirements; requirements for anti-money laundering programs; and other compliance matters, among other regulations.matters. Compliance with these statutes and regulations is important to the Corporation’sCorporation's ability to engage in new activities and to consummate additional acquisitions. In addition, the Corporation is subject to changes in federal and state tax laws as well as changes in banking and credit regulations, accounting principles and governmental economic and monetary policies. While these statutes and regulations are generally designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and the FDIC insurance funds, they do not eliminate risk, and compliance with such statutes and regulations increases the Corporation’sCorporation's expense, requires management’smanagement's attention and can be a disadvantage from a competitive standpoint with respect to non-regulated competitors.


Federal and state banking regulators also possess broad powers to take supervisory actions, as they deem appropriate. These supervisory actions may result in higher capital requirements, higher insurance premiums and limitations on the Corporation’sCorporation's activities that could have a material adverse effect on its business and profitability.


The federal government, the FRBFederal Reserve Board and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken, and may in the future take other actions, in response to the stress on the financial system. For example, in responsethe Federal Reserve Board recently announced its intention to the recent stress affecting the banking system and financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions, on October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA) was enacted. Pursuant to the EESA, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to, among other things, deploy up to $750 billion into the financial system. On February 17, 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was enacted, which amended EESA.maintain short-term interest rates near zero through at least late 2014. Such actions, although intended to aid the financial markets, and continued volatility in the markets could materially and adversely affect the Corporation’sCorporation's business, financial condition and results of operations, or the trading price of the Corporation’sCorporation's common stock.

Recently enacted financial


In addition, the Corporation is subject to changes in federal and state tax laws as well as changes in banking and credit regulations, accounting principles, governmental economic and monetary policies and collection efforts by taxing authorities.

Financial reform legislation mayis likely to have a significant impact on the Corporation’sCorporation's business and results of operations.

operations; however, until more implementing regulations are adopted, the extent to which the legislation will impact the Corporation is uncertain.


On July 21, 2010, the President of the United States signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act createscreated the Financial Stability Oversight Council, with oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk, and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, which will have broad regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services. The Dodd-Frank Act also changeschanged the responsibilities of the current federal banking regulators, imposesimposed additional corporate governance and disclosure requirements in areas such as executive compensation and proxy access, and limitslimited or prohibitsprohibited proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks.

The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impactsimpacted many aspects of the financial services industry, and it requires the development and adoption of many implementing regulations over the next several months and years. The effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry will depend, in large part, upon the extent to which regulators exercise the authority granted to them under the Dodd-Frank Act and the approaches taken in implementing regulations. Additional uncertainty regarding the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act exists due to the potential for additional legislative changes to the Dodd-Frank Act. The Corporation, as well as the broader financial services industry, is continuing to assess the potential impact of the Dodd-Frank Act (and its possible impact on customers' behaviors) on its business and operations but, at this stage, the extent of the impact cannot be fully determined with any degree of certainty. However, the Corporation has been impacted, and will likely continue to be in the future, by the so-called Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, which reduced debit card interchange revenue of banks; revised deposit insurance assessments;

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and increased compliance costs. It also is likely to be impacted by the Dodd-Frank Act in the areas of corporate governance, deposit insurance assessments, capital requirements, risk management, stress testing and regulation under consumer protection laws.

Price fluctuations in securities markets, as well as other market events, such as a disruption in credit and other markets and the abnormal functioning of markets for securities, could have an impact on the Corporation’s results of operations.

As of December 31, 2010, the Corporation’s equity investments consisted of FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock ($96.4 million), common stocks of publicly traded financial institutions ($33.1 million), and mutual funds and other equity investments ($7.0 million). The value of the securities in the Corporation’s equity portfolio may be affected by a number of factors, including factors that impact the performance of the U.S. securities market in general and specific risks associated with the financial institution sector. Historically, gains on sales of stocks of other financial institutions had been a recurring component of the Corporation’s earnings. However, general economic conditions and uncertainty surrounding the financial institution sector as a whole has impacted the value of these securities.

Declines in bank stock values, in general, as well as, deterioration in the performance of specific banks could result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges.

As of December 31, 2010, the Corporation had $122.2 million of corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions. As with stocks of financial institutions, continued declines in the values of these securities, combined with adverse changes in the expected cash flows from these investments, could result in additional other-than-temporary impairment charges. Included in corporate debt securities as of December 31, 2010 were $8.3 million in pooled trust preferred securities. Further deterioration in the ability of banks, within pooled trust preferred holdings, to make contractual debt payments could result in an adverse impact on the credit-related valuation portion of these securities.

As of December 31, 2010, the Corporation had $349.6 million of municipal securities issued by various municipalities in its investment portfolio. Ongoing uncertainty with respect to the financial viability of municipal insurers places much greater emphasis on the underlying strength of issuers. Increasing pressure on local tax revenues of issuers due to adverse economic conditions could also have an adverse impact on the underlying credit quality of issuers. The Corporation evaluates existing and potential holdings primarily on the underlying credit worthiness of the issuing municipality and then, to a lesser extent, on the credit enhancement corresponding to the individual issuance. As of December 31, 2010, approximately 94% of municipal securities were supported by the general obligation of corresponding municipalities. In addition, approximately 69% of these securities were school district issuances that are supported by the general obligation of the corresponding municipalities, as of December 31, 2010.

The Corporation’s investment management and trust division, Fulton Financial Advisors, previously held student loan auction rate securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs), for some of its customers’ accounts. From the second quarter of 2008 through 2009, the Corporation purchased illiquid ARCs from customers of Fulton Financial Advisors. Total ARCs included in the Corporation’s investment securities at December 31, 2010 were $260.7 million. Continued uncertainty with respect to resolution of auction rate security market illiquidity and the current low interest rate environment could adversely affect the performance of individual holdings.

The Corporation’s investment management and trust services income could also be impacted by fluctuations in the securities markets. A portion of this revenue is based on the value of the underlying investment portfolios. If the values of those investment portfolios decrease, whether due to factors influencing U.S. securities markets in general, or otherwise, the Corporation’s revenue could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Corporation’s ability to sell its brokerage services is dependent, in part, upon consumers’ level of confidence in securities markets.

If the goodwill that the Corporation has recorded in connection with its acquisitions becomes impaired, it could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s results of operations.

The Corporation has historically supplemented its internal growth with strategic acquisitions of banks, branches and other financial services companies. If the purchase price of an acquired company exceeds the fair value of the company’s net assets, the excess is carried on the acquirer’s balance sheet as goodwill. Companies must evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually. Write-downs of the amount of any impairment, if necessary, are to be charged to earnings in the period in which the impairment occurs. Based on its annual goodwill impairment tests, the Corporation determined that no impairment charges were necessary in 2009 or 2010. During 2008, the Corporation recorded a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge. As of December 31, 2010, the Corporation had $535.5 million of goodwill on its consolidated balance sheet. There can be no assurance that future evaluations of goodwill will not result in additional impairment charges.

The competition the Corporation faces is significant and may reduce the Corporation’s customer base and negatively impact the Corporation’s results of operations.

There is significant competition among commercial banks in the market areas served by the Corporation. In addition, as a result of the deregulation of the financial industry, the Corporation also competes with other providers of financial services such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, consumer finance companies, securities firms, insurance companies, commercial finance and leasing companies, the mutual funds industry, full service brokerage firms and discount brokerage firms, some of which are subject to less extensive regulations than the Corporation is with respect to the products and services they provide. Some of the Corporation’s competitors, including certain super-regional and national bank holding companies that have made acquisitions in its market area, have greater resources than the Corporation has and, as such, may have higher lending limits and may offer other services not offered by the Corporation.

The Corporation also experiences competition from a variety of institutions outside its market areas. Some of these institutions conduct business primarily over the internet and may thus be able to realize certain cost savings and offer products and services at more favorable rates and with greater convenience to the customer.

Competition may adversely affect the rates the Corporation pays on deposits and charges on loans, thereby potentially adversely affecting the Corporation’s profitability. The Corporation’s profitability depends upon its continued ability to successfully compete in the market areas it serves while achieving its objectives.

The heightened, industry-wide attention associated with the processing of residential mortgage foreclosures may adversely affect the Corporation’s business.

In late 2010, the media began reporting on possible processing errors and documentation problems in mortgage foreclosures at several of the nation’s largest banks and mortgage servicing businesses. As a result of the economic downturn which began in 2008 and which persists today, larger banks and mortgage servicing companies have been challenged with processing tens of thousands of foreclosures nationwide. It has been reported that, in some foreclosures, the procedural steps (which often vary by state and in some cases by local jurisdictions within a state) required to complete a foreclosure have not been followed. As a result, there were questions concerning the validity of some foreclosures. The foreclosure procedures used by banks and servicing companies have also come under scrutiny by consumer advocates, attorneys representing borrowers, state Attorney Generals and banking regulators.

As a financial institution, the Corporation offers a variety of residential mortgage loan products. A majority of the mortgage loans originated by the Corporation are made in the Corporation’s five-state market. The Corporation also services loans owned by investors in accordance with the investors’ guidelines. A small percentage of the Corporation’s residential mortgage borrowers default on their mortgage loans. When this occurs, the Corporation attempts to resolve the default in a way that provides the greatest return to the Corporation or is in accordance with investor guidelines; typically, options are pursued that allow the borrower to remain the owner of their home. However, when these efforts are not successful, it becomes necessary for the Corporation to foreclose on the loan. Unlike larger banks and mortgage servicers, however, the Corporation analyzes whether foreclosure is necessary on a case-by-case basis and the number of residential foreclosures undertaken by the Corporation is not substantial. The Corporation only initiated approximately 400 residential foreclosure actions during 2010 for residential loans the Corporation owned or serviced for investors.

Although the number of foreclosures undertaken by the Corporation on residential mortgage loans in its portfolio or that the Corporation services for others is substantially less than those of larger banks and mortgage servicers, the Corporation has recently received inquiries from banking regulators, title insurance companies and others regarding its foreclosure procedures. As a result of these inquiries and the publicity surrounding the mortgage foreclosure area nationally, the Corporation has reviewed the requirements for foreclosures in each of the states where most of its foreclosures occur and its own foreclosure procedures. In addition, the Corporation has consulted with the law firms it uses to undertake foreclosures in each of the states in its primary markets and in other states where it has substantial mortgage lending activities regarding foreclosure procedures. The Corporation will continue to conduct such reviews and consultation. The Corporation does not expect any deficiencies that it has discovered, or which it might discover in the future, as a result of these reviews and consultations to have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Corporation.


Increases in FDIC insurance premiums may adversely affect the Corporation’sCorporation's earnings.


In response to the impact of economic conditions since 2008December 2007 on banks generally and on the FDIC deposit insurance fund (DIF), the FDIC changed its risk-based assessment system and increased base assessment rates. On November 12, 2009, the FDIC adopted a rule requiring banks to prepay three years’years' worth of premiums to replenish the depleted insurance fund.


In February 2011, as required under the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC issued a ruling pursuant to which the assessment base against which FDIC assessments for deposit insurance are made will change.was changed. Instead of FDIC insurance assessments being based upon an insured bank’sbank's deposits, FDIC insurance assessments willare now generally be based on an insured bank’sbank's total average assets, minus average tangible equity. With this change, the Corporation expects that itsCorporation's overall FDIC insurance cost will decline.has declined. However, a change in the risk categories applicable to the Corporation’sCorporation's bank subsidiaries, further adjustments to base assessment rates and any special assessments could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.

In addition, should one of the Corporation's subsidiary banks have assets above $10 billion for four consecutive quarters, a higher assessment could apply to that subsidiary for the purposes of calculating its FDIC insurance premium. The Corporation's largest subsidiary bank, Fulton Bank, N. A., had $9.0 billion in assets as of December 31, 2011. Based on current regulations, the Corporation has estimated that Fulton Bank, N. A., would pay approximately $1 million in additional FDIC insurance premiums if it were to reach the $10 billion threshold.


The Dodd-Frank Act also requires that the FDIC take steps necessary to increase the level of the Deposit Insurance FundDIF to 1.35% of total insured deposits by September 30, 2020. In October 2010, the FDIC adopted a Restoration Plan to achieve that goal. Certain elements of the Restoration Plan are left to future FDIC rulemaking, as are the potential for increases to the assessment rates, which

may become necessary to achieve the targeted level of the DIF. Future FDIC rulemaking in this regard may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.

The Corporation is a holding company and relies on dividends from its subsidiaries for substantially all of its revenue and its ability to make dividends, distributions and other payments.

The Corporation is a separate and distinct legal entity from its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, and depends on the payment of dividends from its subsidiaries, principally its banking subsidiaries, for substantially all of its revenues. As a result, the Corporation’s ability to make dividend payments on its common stock depends primarily on certain federal and state regulatory considerations and the receipt of dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries. There are various regulatory and prudential supervisory restrictions, which may change from time to time, that impact on the ability of its banking subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to it. For additional information regarding the regulatory restrictions Corporation and its subsidiaries, see “Item 1 Business - Supervision and Regulation”.

If, in the opinion of the applicable regulatory authority, a bank under its jurisdiction is engaged in or is about to engage in an unsafe or unsound practice, such authority may require, after notice and hearing, that such bank cease and desist from such practice. Depending on the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation’s banking subsidiaries, the applicable regulatory authority might deem the Corporation to be engaged in an unsafe or unsound practice if its banking subsidiaries were to pay dividends. The Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued policy statements generally requiring insured banks and bank holding companies only to pay dividends out of current operating earnings. In 2009, the FRB released a supervisory letter advising bank holding companies, among other things, that as a general matter a bank holding company should inform its Federal Reserve Bank and should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce its dividends if (1) the bank holding company’s net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends, (2) the bank holding company’s prospective rate of earnings is not consistent with the bank holding company’s capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition, or (3) the bank holding company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.

Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact the Corporation’s shareholders.

Provisions of Pennsylvania law and of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the Corporation or have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire control of the Corporation. The Corporation’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws include certain provisions which may be considered to be “anti-takeover” in nature because they may have the effect of discouraging or making more difficult the acquisition of control over the Corporation by means of a hostile tender offer, exchange offer, proxy contest or similar transaction. These provisions are intended to protect the Corporation’s shareholders by providing a measure of assurance that the Corporation’s shareholders will be treated fairly in the event of an unsolicited takeover bid and by preventing a successful takeover bidder from exercising its voting control to the detriment of the other shareholders. However, the anti-takeover provisions set forth in the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, taken as a whole, may discourage a hostile tender offer, exchange offer, proxy solicitation or similar transaction relating to the Corporation’s common stock. To the extent that these provisions actually discourage such a transaction, holders of the Corporation’s common stock may not have an opportunity to dispose of part or all of their stock at a higher price than that prevailing in the market. In addition, some of these provisions make it more difficult to remove, and thereby may serve to entrench, the Corporation’s incumbent directors and officers, even if their removal would be regarded by some shareholders as desirable.

The Corporation relies on its systems and certain counterparties, and certain failures could materially affect its operations.

The Corporation’s businesses are dependent on its ability to process, record and monitor a large number of transactions. If any of its financial, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, the Corporation could be materially adversely affected. Third parties with which the Corporation does business could also be sources of operational risk to the Corporation, including relating to breakdowns or failures of such parties’ own systems. Any of these occurrences could diminish the Corporation’s ability to operate one or more of the Corporation’s businesses, or result in potential liability to clients, reputational damage and regulatory intervention, any of which could materially adversely affect the Corporation.

If personal, confidential or proprietary information of customers or clients in the Corporation’s possession were to be mishandled or misused, the Corporation could suffer significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage and financial loss. Such mishandling or misuse could include, for example, if such information were erroneously provided to parties who are not permitted to have the

information, either by fault of the Corporation’s systems, employees or counterparties, or where such information is intercepted or otherwise inappropriate taken by third parties.

The Corporation may be subject to disruptions of the Corporation’s operating systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond the Corporation’s control, which may include, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages, natural disasters, disease pandemics or other damage to property or physical assets or terrorist acts. Such disruptions may give rise to losses in service to customers and loss or liability to the Corporation.

The Corporation’s framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to the Corporation.

The Corporation’s risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and loss. The Corporation has established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze the types of risk to which the Corporation is subject, including liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk and reputational risk, among others. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to the Corporation’s risk management strategies and there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that the Corporation has not appropriately anticipated or identified. If the Corporation’s risk management framework proves to be ineffective, the Corporation could suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected.

Negative publicity could damage the Corporation’s reputation.

Reputation risk, or the risk to the Corporation’s earnings and capital from negative public opinion, is inherent in the Corporation’s business. Negative public opinion could adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to keep and attract customers and expose it to adverse legal and regulatory consequences. Negative public opinion could result from the Corporation’s actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance, regulatory, compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and disclosure, sharing or inadequate protection of customer information and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to that conduct. Because the Corporation conducts the majority of its businesses under the “Fulton” brand, negative public opinion about one business could affect the Corporation’s other businesses.


The Corporation may incur fines, penalties and other negative consequences from regulatory violations, possibly even inadvertent or unintentional violations.


The Corporation maintains systems and procedures designed to ensure that it complies with applicable laws and regulations. However, some legal/legal or regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though there was in place at the time systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance. For example, the Corporation is subject to regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) that prohibit financial institutions from participating in the transfer of property belonging to the governments of certain foreign countries and designated nationals of those countries. OFAC may impose penalties for inadvertent or unintentional violations even if reasonable processes are in place to prevent the violations. There may be other negative consequences resulting from a finding of noncompliance, including restrictions on certain activities. Such a finding may also damage the Corporation’sCorporation's reputation (see above)below) and could restrict the ability of institutional investment managers to invest in the Corporation’sCorporation's securities.

The heightened, industry-wide attention associated with the processing of residential mortgage foreclosures may adversely affect the Corporation's business.
As a result of the economic downturn which began in December, 2007, larger banks and mortgage servicing companies have been challenged with processing tens of thousands of foreclosures nationwide. In late 2010, the media began reporting on possible processing errors and documentation problems in mortgage foreclosures at several of the nation's largest banks and mortgage servicing businesses. It was reported that, in some foreclosures, the procedural steps (which often vary by state and in some cases by local jurisdictions within a state) required to complete a foreclosure had not been followed. As a result, there were questions concerning the validity of some foreclosures. Since 2010 the foreclosure procedures used by banks and servicing companies have continued to come under scrutiny by consumer advocates, attorneys representing borrowers, state Attorney Generals and banking regulators.

As a financial institution, the Corporation offers a variety of residential mortgage loan products. A majority of the mortgage loans originated by the Corporation are made in the Corporation's five-state market. The Corporation also services loans owned by investors in accordance with the investors' guidelines. A small percentage of the Corporation's residential mortgage borrowers default on their mortgage loans. When this occurs, the Corporation attempts to resolve the default in a way that provides the greatest return to the Corporation or is in accordance with investor guidelines; typically, options are pursued that allow the borrower to remain the owner of their home. However, when these efforts are not successful, it becomes necessary for the Corporation to foreclose on the loan. The Corporation analyzes whether foreclosure is necessary on a case-by-case basis and the number of residential foreclosures undertaken by the Corporation is not substantial. The Corporation initiated approximately 400 and 300

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residential foreclosure actions during 2010 and 2011, respectively, for residential loans the Corporation owned or serviced for investors.

Although the number of foreclosures undertaken by the Corporation on residential mortgage loans in its portfolio or that the Corporation services for others is substantially less than those of larger banks and mortgage servicers, the Corporation has received inquiries from banking regulators, title insurance companies and others regarding its foreclosure procedures. As a result of these inquiries and the publicity surrounding the mortgage foreclosure area nationally, the Corporation has reviewed the requirements for foreclosures in each of the states where most of its foreclosures occur and its own foreclosure procedures. The Corporation has also consulted with the law firms it uses to undertake foreclosures in each of the states in its primary markets and in other states where it has substantial mortgage lending activities regarding foreclosure procedures.

In addition, in 2011, banking regulators required financial institutions to perform a self-assessment of their foreclosure management process to identify any weaknesses in their processes and to determine whether these weaknesses resulted in any financial harm to borrowers. The Corporation performed such a self-assessment in 2011. The Corporation does not expect any deficiencies that it has discovered, or which it might discover in the future, as a result of these self-assessments and consultations will have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Corporation. The Corporation will continue to monitor its foreclosure procedures, and other areas of the foreclosure process, as well as future legal and regulatory developments concerning mortgage foreclosure processes in general.

The Corporation's framework for managing risks may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to the Corporation.

The Corporation's risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and loss. The Corporation has established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze the types of risk to which the Corporation is subject, including liquidity risk, credit risk, market risk and reputational risk, among others. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to the Corporation's risk management strategies and there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that the Corporation has not anticipated or identified. If the Corporation's risk management framework proves to be ineffective, the Corporation could suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected.

Negative publicity could damage the Corporation's reputation.

Reputation risk, or the risk to the Corporation's earnings and capital from negative public opinion, is inherent in the Corporation's business. Negative public opinion could adversely affect the Corporation's ability to keep and attract customers and expose it to adverse legal and regulatory consequences. Negative public opinion could result from the Corporation's actual or alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance, regulatory, compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and disclosure, sharing or inadequate protection of customer information and from actions taken by government regulators and community organizations in response to that conduct. Because the Corporation conducts the majority of its businesses under the “Fulton” brand, negative public opinion about one business could affect the Corporation's other businesses.

Loss of, or failure to adequately safeguard, confidential or proprietary information may adversely affect the Corporation's operations, net income or reputation.

The Corporation regularly collects, processes, transmits and stores significant amounts of confidential information regarding its customers, employees and others. This information is necessary for the conduct of the Corporation's business activities, including the ongoing maintenance of deposit, loan, investment management and other account relationships for the Corporation's customers, and receiving instructions and affecting transactions for those customers and other users of the Corporation's products and services. In addition to confidential information regarding its customers, employees and others, the Corporation compiles, processes, transmits and stores proprietary, non-public information concerning its own business, operations, plans and strategies. In some cases, this confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on behalf of the Corporation.

Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks. A failure in or breach of the Corporation's operational or information security systems, or those of the Corporation's third-party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches or due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions could adversely affect our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and/or cause losses. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of the controls and processes designed to protect the Corporation's systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority for the Corporation.

If this confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost the Corporation could be exposed to significant

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regulatory consequences, reputational damage, civil litigation and financial loss. Mishandling, misuse or loss of this confidential or proprietary information could occur, for example, if the confidential or proprietary information were erroneously provided to parties who are not permitted to have the information, either by fault of the systems or employees of the Corporation, or the systems or employees of third parties which have collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored the information on the Corporation's behalf, where the information is intercepted or otherwise inappropriately taken by third parties or where there is a failure or breach of the network, communications or information systems which are used to collect, compile, process, transmit or store the information.

Although the Corporation employs a variety of physical, procedural and technological safeguards to protect this confidential and proprietary information from mishandling, misuse or loss, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling, misuse or loss of the information will not occur, and that if mishandling, misuse or loss of the information did occur, those events will be promptly detected and addressed. Similarly, when confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on behalf of the Corporation, the Corporation's policies and procedures require that the third party agree to maintain the confidentiality of the information, establish and maintain policies and procedures designed to preserve the confidentiality of the information, and permit the Corporation to confirm the third party's compliance with the terms of the agreement. Although the Corporation believes that it has adequate information security procedures and other safeguards in place, as information security risks and cyber threats continue to evolve, the Corporation may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance its information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

The Corporation will be completing a transition to a new core processing system. If the Corporation is not able to complete the transition as planned, or unanticipated events occur during the transition, the Corporation's operations, net income, or reputation could be adversely affected.

The Corporation will be transitioning to a new core processing system over the next two years. The core processing system is used to maintain customer and account records, reflect account transactions and activity, and support the Corporation's customer relationship management systems for substantially all of the Corporation's deposit and loan customers. The Corporation has assembled a team of officers and employees representing key business units and functional areas throughout the Corporation to plan and oversee the transition process. This team, working with the vendor for the core processing system and outside project management consultants, has developed a comprehensive work plan for completing the transition. The transition will be completed in several phases, with one or two of the Corporation's six subsidiary banks being transitioned to the new system in each phase. Extensive pre-transition testing of, and employee training in, processing routines and new core processing system operation will be conducted before each of the Corporation's subsidiary banks are transitioned to the new core processing system. The phased approach is expected to facilitate pre-transition system testing and employee training, reduce the potential impact of any unanticipated events that may arise during the conversion and enable the Corporation to allocate sufficient resources to both transition-related tasks and routine processing and customer service activities.

If the Corporation is not able to complete the transition to the new core processing system as expected in accordance with the work plan, or if unanticipated events occur during or following the transition, the Corporation may not be able to timely process transactions for its customers, those customers may not be able to complete transactions in or affecting their accounts that are maintained on the core processing system, or the Corporation may not be able to perform contractual and other obligations to its customers or other parties, such as payment networks in which the Corporation participates. Should any of these consequences occur, the Corporation may incur additional expense in its financial and regulatory reporting, in processing or re-processing transactions, and the Corporation may not be able to meet customer expectations for transaction processing and customer service, customers may lose confidence in the Corporation and close their accounts with the Corporation, and the Corporation may incur liability under contractual or other arrangements with customers or other parties. Any of these events, should they occur, could have a material and adverse impact on the Corporation's operations, net income, reputation or the trading price of the Corporation's common stock, as well as expose the Corporation to civil liability or regulatory sanctions.

The Corporation's business is dependent on its network and information processing systems, and, in some cases, those of the Corporation's third-party vendors, and the disruption or failure of those systems may adversely affect the Corporation's operations, net income, or reputation.

The Corporation's business activities are dependent on its ability to accurately and timely process, record and monitor a large number of transactions. If any of its financial, accounting, network or other information processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, the Corporation could be materially adversely affected. Third parties with which the Corporation does business could also be sources of operational risk to the Corporation, including the risk that the third parties' own network and information processing systems could fail. Any of these occurrences could materially diminish the Corporation's ability to operate one or more of the Corporation's businesses, or result in potential liability to clients, reputational damage and regulatory intervention, any of which could materially adversely affect the Corporation.

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The Corporation may be subject to disruptions or failures of the Corporation's financial, accounting, network and information processing systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond the Corporation's control, which may include, for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages, natural disasters, disease pandemics or other damage to property or physical assets or terrorist acts. The Corporation has developed a comprehensive emergency recovery program, which includes plans to maintain or resume operations in the event of an emergency, such as a power outage or disease pandemic, and contingency plans in the event that operations or systems cannot be resumed or restored. The emergency recovery program is periodically reviewed and updated, and components of the emergency recovery program are regularly tested and validated. The Corporation also reviews and evaluates the emergency recovery programs of vendors which provide certain third-party systems that the Corporation considers critical. While the Corporation believes the emergency recovery program and its efforts to evaluate the emergency recovery programs of certain third-party systems providers help mitigate this risk, disruptions or failures affecting any of these systems may give rise to interruption in service to customers, damage to the Corporation's reputation and loss or liability to the Corporation.

If the goodwill that the Corporation has recorded in connection with its acquisitions becomes impaired, it could have a negative impact on the Corporation's results of operations.

The Corporation has historically supplemented its internal growth with strategic acquisitions of banks, branches and other financial services companies. If the purchase price of an acquired company exceeds the fair value of the company's net assets, the excess is carried on the acquirer's balance sheet as goodwill. Companies must evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually. A more frequent evaluation could be triggered by, for example, a broad price decline in the shares of comparable publicly traded financial institutions. Write-downs of the amount of any impairment, if necessary, are to be charged to earnings in the period in which the impairment occurs. Based on its annual goodwill impairment tests, the Corporation determined that no impairment charges were necessary in 2009, 2010 or 2011. During 2008, the Corporation recorded a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge. As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation had $536.0 million of goodwill on its consolidated balance sheet. There can be no assurance that future evaluations of goodwill will not result in additional impairment charges.

The competition the Corporation faces is significant and may reduce the Corporation's customer base and negatively impact the Corporation's results of operations.

There is significant competition among commercial banks in the market areas served by the Corporation. In addition, as a result of the deregulation of the financial industry, the Corporation also competes with other providers of financial services such as savings and loan associations, credit unions, consumer finance companies, securities firms, insurance companies, commercial finance and leasing companies, the mutual funds industry, full service brokerage firms and discount brokerage firms, some of which are subject to less extensive regulations than the Corporation is with respect to the products and services they provide and have different cost structures. Some of the Corporation's competitors, including certain super-regional and national bank holding companies that have made acquisitions in its market area, have greater resources than the Corporation has and, as such, may have higher lending limits, lower cost of funds and may offer other services not offered by the Corporation.

The Corporation also experiences competition from a variety of institutions outside its market areas. Some of these institutions conduct business primarily over the internet and may thus be able to realize certain cost savings and offer products and services at more favorable rates and with greater convenience to the customer.

Competition may adversely affect the rates the Corporation pays on deposits and charges on loans, thereby potentially adversely affecting the Corporation's profitability. The Corporation's profitability depends upon its continued ability to successfully compete in the market areas it serves.

The Corporation's future growth and liquidity needs may require the Corporation to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed or may be available at an excessive cost.

The Corporation is required by regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support its operations. The Corporation anticipates that current capital levels will satisfy regulatory requirements for the foreseeable future.

The Corporation, however, may at some point choose to raise additional capital to support its continued growth. The Corporation's ability to raise additional capital will depend, in part, on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of the Corporation's control. Accordingly, the Corporation may be unable to raise additional capital, if and when needed, on terms acceptable to the Corporation, or at all. If the Corporation cannot raise additional capital when needed, its ability to further expand operations through internal growth and acquisitions could be materially impacted. In the event of a material decrease in the Corporation's stock price, future issuances of equity securities could result in dilution of existing shareholder interests.

17



In addition to primary sources of liquidity in the form of principal and interest payments on outstanding loans and investments and deposits, the Corporation maintains secondary sources that provide it with additional liquidity. These secondary sources may include secured and unsecured borrowings from sources such as the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank and third-party commercial banks. The Corporation believes that it maintains a strong liquidity position and that it is well positioned to withstand current market conditions. However, market conditions have been negatively impacted by disruptions in the liquidity markets in the past and such disruptions or an adverse change in the Corporation's results of operations or financial condition could, in the future, have a negative impact on secondary sources of liquidity.

The Corporation is a holding company and relies on dividends from its subsidiaries for substantially all of its revenue and its ability to make dividends, distributions and other payments.

The Corporation is a separate and distinct legal entity from its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, and depends on the payment of dividends from its subsidiaries, principally its banking subsidiaries, for substantially all of its revenues. As a result, the Corporation's ability to make dividend payments on its common stock depends primarily on certain federal and state regulatory considerations and the receipt of dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries. There are various regulatory and prudential supervisory restrictions, which may change from time to time, that impact the ability of its banking subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to it. For additional information regarding the regulatory restrictions on the Corporation and its subsidiaries, see “Item 1 Business - Supervision and Regulation.”

If, in the opinion of the applicable regulatory authority, a bank under its jurisdiction is engaged in or is about to engage in an unsafe or unsound practice, such authority may require, after notice and hearing, that such bank cease and desist from such practice. Depending on the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation's banking subsidiaries, the applicable regulatory authority might deem the Corporation to be engaged in an unsafe or unsound practice if its banking subsidiaries were to pay dividends. The Federal Reserve Board and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued policy statements generally requiring insured banks and bank holding companies only to pay dividends out of current operating earnings. In 2009, the Federal Reserve Board released a supervisory letter advising bank holding companies, among other things, that as a general matter a bank holding company should inform its Federal Reserve Bank and should eliminate, defer or significantly reduce its dividends if (1) the bank holding company's net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends, (2) the bank holding company's prospective rate of earnings is not consistent with the bank holding company's capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition, or (3) the bank holding company will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.

Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact the Corporation's shareholders.

Provisions of Pennsylvania law and of the Corporation's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of the Corporation or have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire control of the Corporation. The Corporation's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws include certain provisions which may be considered to be “anti-takeover” in nature because they may have the effect of discouraging or making more difficult the acquisition of control over the Corporation by means of a hostile tender offer, exchange offer, proxy contest or similar transaction. These provisions are intended to protect the Corporation's shareholders by providing a measure of assurance that the Corporation's shareholders will be treated fairly in the event of an unsolicited takeover bid and by preventing a successful takeover bidder from exercising its voting control to the detriment of the other shareholders. However, the anti-takeover provisions set forth in the Corporation's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, taken as a whole, may discourage a hostile tender offer, exchange offer, proxy solicitation or similar transaction relating to the Corporation's common stock. To the extent that these provisions actually discourage such a transaction, holders of the Corporation's common stock may not have an opportunity to dispose of part or all of their stock at a higher price than that prevailing in the market. In addition, some of these provisions make it more difficult to remove, and thereby may serve to entrench, the Corporation's incumbent directors and officers, even if their removal would be regarded by some shareholders as desirable.


Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.




18


Item 2. Properties

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s full-service branch properties, by subsidiary bank, as of December 31, 2010.2011. Remote service facilities (mainly stand-alone automated teller machines) are excluded.

           Total 

Subsidiary Bank

  Owned   Leased   Branches 

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   45     74     119  

The Bank

   32     16     48  

The Columbia Bank

   9     31     40  

Skylands Community Bank

   7     19     26  

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   6     17     23  

FNB Bank, N.A.

   6     2     8  

Swineford National Bank

   5     2     7  
               

Total

   110     161     271  
               

Subsidiary Bank Owned Leased Total Branches
Fulton Bank, N.A. 46
 72
 118
Fulton Bank of New Jersey 39
 32
 71
The Columbia Bank 9
 31
 40
Lafayette Ambassador Bank 5
 18
 23
FNB Bank, N.A. 6
 2
 8
Swineford National Bank 5
 2
 7
Total 110
 157
 267

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s other significant administrative properties. Banking subsidiaries also maintain administrative offices at their respective main banking branches, which are included within the preceding table.

Entity  Property  Location  Owned/

Entity

Property

Location

Leased

Fulton Bank, N.A./Fulton Financial Corporation  

Corporate Headquarters

  

Lancaster, PA

  (1)

Fulton Financial Corporation

  

Operations Center

  

East Petersburg, PA

  Owned

Fulton Bank, N.A.

  

Operations Center

  

Mantua, NJ

  Owned
Lafayette Ambassador BankOperations CenterBethlehem, PAOwned (2)

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

Operations Center

Bethlehem, PA

Owned

(1)

Includes approximately 100,000 square feet which is owned by an independent third-party who financed the construction through a loan from Fulton Bank.Bank, N.A. The Corporation is leasing this space from the third-party in an arrangement accounted for as a capital lease. The lease term expires in 2027. The Corporation owns the remainder of the Corporate Headquarters location. This property also includes a Fulton Bank, N.A. branch, which is included in the preceding table.

(2)Property sold in January 2012.



Item 3. Legal Proceedings

There

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are noinvolved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of the business of the Corporation. The Corporation periodically evaluates the possible impact of pending against Fulton Financiallitigation matters based on, among other factors, the advice of counsel, available insurance coverage and recorded liabilities and reserves for probable legal liabilities and costs. As of the date of this report, the Corporation believes that any liabilities, individually or anyin the aggregate, which may result from the final outcomes of its subsidiaries whichpending proceedings are not expected to have a material impact uponadverse effect on the financial position, and/or the operating results and/or the liquidity of the Corporation.

 However, litigation is often unpredictable and the actual results of litigation cannot be determined with certainty and, therefore, the ultimate resolution of any matter and the possible range of liabilities associated with potential outcomes may need to be reevaluated in the future.


Item 4. Removed and Reserved

Mine Safety Disclosures


Not applicable.

19


PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock

As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had 199.1 200.2million shares of $2.50 par value common stock outstanding held by approximately 45,000 41,000holders of record. The closing price per share of the Corporation’s common stock on December 31, 20102011 was $10.34.$9.81. The common stock of the Corporation is traded on the Global Select Market of The NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol FULT.

The following table presents the quarterly high and low prices of the Corporation’s common stock and per common share cash dividends declared for each of the quarterly periods in 20102011 and 2009.

   Price Range   Per Common
Share
 
   High   Low   Dividend 

2010

      

First Quarter

  $10.57    $8.33    $0.03  

Second Quarter

   11.75     9.30     0.03  

Third Quarter

   10.56     8.15     0.03  

Fourth Quarter

   10.64     8.51     0.03  

2009

      

First Quarter

  $10.05    $5.09    $0.03  

Second Quarter

   7.93     4.75     0.03  

Third Quarter

   8.00     4.72     0.03  

Fourth Quarter

   9.00     6.77     0.03  

2010.

  Price Range Per Common
Share Dividend
  High Low 
2011      
First Quarter $11.54
 $9.81
 $0.04
Second Quarter 11.91
 10.17
 0.05
Third Quarter 11.27
 7.44
 0.05
Fourth Quarter 10.24
 7.18
 0.06
2010      
First Quarter $10.57
 $8.33
 $0.03
Second Quarter 11.75
 9.30
 0.03
Third Quarter 10.56
 8.15
 0.03
Fourth Quarter 10.64
 8.51
 0.03

Restrictions on the Payments of Dividends

The Corporation is a separate and distinct legal entity from its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, and depends on the payment of dividends from its subsidiaries, principally its banking subsidiaries, for substantially all of its revenues. As a result, the Corporation's ability to make dividend payments on its common stock depends primarily on certain federal and state regulatory considerations and the receipt of dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries. There are various regulatory and prudential supervisory restrictions, which may change from time to time, that impact the ability of its banking subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to it. For additional information regarding the regulatory restrictions applicable to the Corporation and its subsidiaries, see “Part I - Item 1 Business - Supervision and Regulation,” “Part I - Item 1A Risk Factors - The Corporation is a holding company and relies on dividends from its subsidiaries for substantially all of its revenue and its ability to make dividends, distributions and other payments” and “Part II - Item 8 - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note J - Regulatory Matters” of this Report.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table provides information about options outstanding under the Corporation’s 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan and the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under the Corporation's 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan, 2011 Directors' Equity Participation Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2010:

Plan Category

  Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
   Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
   Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in first column)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

   6,432,264    $12.17     12,999,002  

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

   0     N/A     0  
               

Total

   6,432,264    $12.17     12,999,002  
               

2011:

Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
 Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in first column) (1)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 6,382,158
 $13.27
 13,573,705
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders 
 N/A
 
Total 6,382,158
 $13.27
 13,573,705

(1) Consists of 12,443,879 shares that may be awarded under the 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan, 488,843 shares that may be awarded under the 2011 Directors' Equity Participation Plan and 640,983 of shares that may be purchased under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Excludes accrued purchase rights under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2011 as the number of shares to be purchased is indeterminable until the time shares are issued.

20




Performance Graph

The graph below shows cumulative investment returns to shareholders based on the assumptions that (A) an investment of $100.00 was made on December 31, 2005,2006, in each of the following: (i) Fulton Financial Corporation common stock; (ii) the stock of all U. S. companies traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market andMarket; (iii) common stock of the performance peer group approved by the Board of Directors on September 21, 2004 (the 2010 Peer Group) consisting of bank and financial holding companies located throughout the United States with assets between $6-20 billion which were not a party to a merger agreement as of the end of the period and (iv) common stock of the peer group approved by the Board of Directors on September 21, 2010 (the 2011 Peer Group) consisting of bank and financial holding companies located throughout the United States selected based on their asset size, loan distribution, revenue composition, geographic focus, business model, ownership and market capitalization and which were not a party to a merger agreement as of the end of the period and (B) all dividends were reinvested in such securities over the past five years. The graph is not indicative of future price performance.

In 2010, the Human Resources Committee of the Board of Directors made a decision, with the aid of a third-party consultant, to review, and based on that review, to update the Corporation's peer group to the 2011 Peer Group.
The following table presents a comparison of the 2011 Peer Group to the 2010 Peer Group:
Peer Group Member (Stock Symbol)2011 Peer Group2010 Peer Group
Associated Banc-Corp (ASBC)XX
BancorpSouth, Inc. (BXS)XX
Bank of Hawaii Corporation (BOH)X
BOK Financial Corporation (BOKF)XX
Citizens Republic Bancorp (CRBC)X
City National Corporation (CYN)XX
Commerce Bancshares, Inc. (CBSH)XX
Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. (CFR)XX
First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (FCNCA)X
First Horizon National Corporation (FHN)X
FirstMerit Corporation (FMER)XX
First Midwest Bancorp, Inc. (FMBI)X
First Niagara Financial Group, Inc. (FNFG)X
International Bancshares Corporation (IBOC)XX
Old National Bancorp (ONB)X
People's United Financial, Inc. (PBCT)X
Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc. (SUSQ)XX
Synovus Financial Corp. (SNV)X
TCF Financial Corporation (TCB)XX
The South Financial Group, Inc. (TSFG)X
Trustmark Corporation (TRMK)X
UMB Financial Corporation (UMBF)XX
United Bankshares, Inc. (UBSI)X
Valley National Bancorp (VLY)XX
Webster Financial Corp. (WBS)X


21


The graph below is furnished under this Part II, Item 5 of this Form 10-K and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Commission or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(1)

A listing of the Fulton Financial Peer Group is located under the heading “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” within the Corporation’s 2011 Proxy Statement.

   Year Ending December 31 

Index

  2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010 

Fulton Financial Corporation

   100.00     103.24     72.42     65.44     60.39     72.48  

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00     110.39     122.15     73.32     106.57     125.91  

Fulton Financial 2010 Peer Group

   100.00     109.02     90.95     86.09     77.13     88.26  

  Year Ending December 31
Index 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Fulton Financial Corporation 100.00
 70.15
 63.38
 58.49
 70.21
 68.00
NASDAQ Composite 100.00
 110.66
 66.42
 96.54
 114.06
 113.16
Fulton Financial 2010 Peer Group 100.00
 83.42
 78.97
 70.75
 80.95
 73.60
Fulton Financial 2011 Peer Group 100.00
 80.25
 75.84
 67.36
 74.21
 62.87
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Not Applicable.

applicable.



22


Item 6. Selected Financial Data

5-YEAR CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

(dollars in thousands, except per-share data)

   2010  2009  2008  2007  2006 

SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS

      

Interest income

  $745,373   $786,467   $867,494   $939,577   $864,507  

Interest expense

   186,627    265,513    343,346    450,833    378,944  
                     

Net interest income

   558,746    520,954    524,148    488,744    485,563  

Provision for credit losses

   160,000    190,020    119,626    15,063    3,498  

Investment securities gains (losses), net

   701    1,079    (58,241  1,740    7,439  

Other income, excluding investment securities gains (losses)

   184,201    174,781    158,228    148,586    144,506  

Gain on sale of credit card portfolio

   0    0    13,910    0    0  

Other expenses

   410,907    417,462    409,466    407,757    368,061  

Goodwill impairment

   0    0    90,000    0    0  
                     

Income before income taxes

   172,741    89,332    18,953    216,250    265,949  

Income taxes

   44,409    15,408    24,570    63,532    80,422  
                     

Net income (loss)

   128,332    73,924    (5,617  152,718    185,527  

Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion

   (16,303  (20,169  (463  0    0  
                     

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

  $112,029   $53,755   $(6,080 $152,718   $185,527  
                     

PER COMMON SHARE

      

Net income (loss) (basic)

  $0.59   $0.31   $(0.03 $0.88   $1.07  

Net income (loss) (diluted)

   0.59    0.31    (0.03  0.88    1.06  

Cash dividends

   0.120    0.120    0.600    0.598    0.581  

RATIOS

      

Return on average assets

   0.78  0.45  (0.04%)   1.01  1.30

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

   6.29    3.54    (0.38  9.98    12.84  

Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1)

   9.39    5.96    9.33    18.16    23.87  

Net interest margin

   3.80    3.52    3.70    3.66    3.82  

Efficiency ratio

   53.49    57.88    56.48    61.33    56.15  

Ending tangible common equity to tangible assets

   8.47    6.30    5.97    6.03    5.98  

Dividend payout ratio

   20.34    38.70    N/M    68.00    54.80  

PERIOD-END BALANCES

      

Total assets

  $16,275,254   $16,635,635   $16,185,106   $15,923,098   $14,918,964  

Investment securities

   2,861,484    3,267,086    2,724,841    3,153,552    2,878,238  

Loans, net of unearned income

   11,933,307    11,972,424    12,042,620    11,204,424    10,374,323  

Deposits

   12,388,581    12,097,914    10,551,916    10,105,445    10,232,469  

Short-term borrowings

   674,077    868,940    1,762,770    2,383,944    1,680,840  

Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt

   1,119,450    1,540,773    1,787,797    1,642,133    1,304,148  

Shareholders’ equity

   1,880,389    1,936,482    1,859,647    1,574,920    1,516,310  

AVERAGE BALANCES

      

Total assets

  $16,426,459   $16,480,673   $15,976,871   $15,090,458   $14,297,681  

Investment securities

   2,899,925    3,137,708    2,924,340    2,843,478    2,869,862  

Loans, net of unearned income

   11,958,435    11,975,899    11,595,243    10,736,566    9,892,082  

Deposits

   12,343,844    11,637,125    10,016,528    10,222,594    9,955,247  

Short-term borrowings

   587,602    1,043,279    2,336,526    1,574,495    1,653,974  

Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt

   1,326,449    1,712,630    1,822,115    1,579,527    1,069,868  

Shareholders’ equity

   1,977,166    1,889,561    1,609,828    1,530,613    1,444,793  

 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS         
Interest income$693,698
 $745,373
 $786,467
 $867,494
 $939,577
Interest expense133,538
 186,627
 265,513
 343,346
 450,833
Net interest income560,160
 558,746
 520,954
 524,148
 488,744
Provision for credit losses135,000
 160,000
 190,020
 119,626
 15,063
Investment securities gains (losses), net4,561
 701
 1,079
 (58,241) 1,740
Other income, excluding investment securities gains (losses)183,166
 181,619
 172,856
 157,549
 147,954
Gain on sale of credit card portfolio
 
 
 13,910
 
Other expenses416,476
 408,325
 415,537
 408,787
 407,125
Goodwill impairment
 
 
 90,000
 
Income before income taxes196,411
 172,741
 89,332
 18,953
 216,250
Income taxes50,838
 44,409
 15,408
 24,570
 63,532
Net income (loss)145,573
 128,332
 73,924
 (5,617) 152,718
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion
 (16,303) (20,169) (463) 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders$145,573
 $112,029
 $53,755
 $(6,080) $152,718
PER COMMON SHARE         
Net income (loss) (basic)$0.73
 $0.59
 $0.31
 $(0.03) $0.88
Net income (loss) (diluted)0.73
 0.59
 0.31
 (0.03) 0.88
Cash dividends0.20
 0.12
 0.12
 0.60
 0.60
RATIOS         
Return on average assets0.90% 0.78% 0.45% (0.04)% 1.01%
Return on average common shareholders’ equity7.45
 6.29
 3.54
 (0.38) 9.98
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (1)10.54
 9.39
 5.96
 9.33
 18.16
Net interest margin3.90
 3.80
 3.52
 3.70
 3.66
Efficiency ratio54.28
 53.33
 57.77
 56.44
 61.29
Ending tangible common equity to tangible assets9.15
 8.47
 6.30
 5.97
 6.03
Dividend payout ratio27.40
 20.34
 38.70
           N/M 68.00
PERIOD-END BALANCES         
Total assets$16,370,508
 $16,275,254
 $16,635,635
 $16,185,106
 $15,923,098
Investment securities2,679,967
 2,861,484
 3,267,086
 2,724,841
 3,153,552
Loans, net of unearned income11,968,970
 11,933,307
 11,972,424
 12,042,620
 11,204,424
Deposits12,525,739
 12,388,581
 12,097,914
 10,551,916
 10,105,445
Short-term borrowings597,033
 674,077
 868,940
 1,762,770
 2,383,944
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt1,040,149
 1,119,450
 1,540,773
 1,787,797
 1,642,133
Shareholders’ equity1,992,539
 1,880,389
 1,936,482
 1,859,647
 1,574,920
AVERAGE BALANCES         
Total assets$16,102,581
 $16,426,459
 $16,480,673
 $15,976,871
 $15,090,458
Investment securities2,680,229
 2,899,925
 3,137,708
 2,924,340
 2,843,478
Loans, net of unearned income11,904,529
 11,958,435
 11,975,899
 11,595,243
 10,736,566
Deposits12,447,551
 12,343,844
 11,637,125
 10,016,528
 10,222,594
Short-term borrowings495,791
 587,602
 1,043,279
 2,336,526
 1,574,495
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt1,034,475
 1,326,449
 1,712,630
 1,822,115
 1,579,527
Shareholders’ equity1,953,396
 1,977,166
 1,889,561
 1,609,828
 1,530,613

N/M – Not meaningful.

(1)

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders, as adjusted for intangible amortization (net of tax) and goodwill impairment charges, divided by average common shareholders’ equity, net of goodwill and intangible assets.



23


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Management’s Discussion) concerns Fulton Financial Corporation (the Corporation), a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act and incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1982, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Management’s Discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial information presented in this report.


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Corporation has made, and may continue to make, certain forward-looking statements with respect to its financial condition and results of operations and business.operations. Many factors could affect future financial results including, without limitation: the impact of adverse changes in the economy and real estate markets; increases in non-performing assets which may reduce the level of the earning assets and require the Corporation to increase the allowance for credit losses, charge-off loans and to incur elevated collection and carrying costs related to such non-performing assets; acquisition and growth strategies; market risk; changes or adverse developments in political or regulatory conditions; a disruption in, or abnormal functioning of, credit and other markets, including the lack of or reduced access to markets for mortgages and other asset-backed securities and for commercial paper and other short-term borrowings; changes in the levels of, or methodology for determining, FDIC deposit insurance premiums and assessments; the effect of competition and interest rates on net interest margin and net interest income; investment strategy and other income growth; investment securities gains and losses; declines in the value of securities which may result in charges to earnings; changes in rates of deposit and loan growth or a decline in loans originated; relative balances of risk-sensitive assets to risk-sensitive liabilities; salaries and employee benefits and other expenses; amortization of intangible assets; goodwill impairment; capital and liquidity strategies,strategies; and other financial and business matters for future periods. Do not unduly rely on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “should,” “will,” “could,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “future,” “intends” and similar expressions which are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Corporation’s control and ability to predict, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. The Corporation undertakes no obligation, other than as required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


OVERVIEW

Net income available to common shareholders increased $58.3 million, or 108.4%, to $112.0 million in 2010 as compared to $53.8 million in 2009. Diluted net income per common share increased $0.28, or 90.3%, to $0.59 in 2010 from $0.31 in 2009. The following is a summary of the significant factors impacting the Corporation’s financial performance in 2010.

Asset Quality – The financial services industry continued to be challenged by general economic conditions throughout 2010. While there had been some improvements in local and national economic conditions during the year, the economic recovery in general has been slower than expected, and conditions remain unsettled.

The most notable area where the improving, but unstable, economic conditions were evident was in asset quality, which saw some deterioration during the first nine months of 2010, but showed signs of improvement during the fourth quarter. The provision for credit losses decreased $30.0 million, or 15.8%, to $160.0 million in 2010, as compared to $190.0 million in 2009. While both non-performing assets and net charge-offs increased, additional provisions for credit losses were not needed as allowance allocations were considered to be sufficient. This relationship between the provision for credit losses and net charge-offs is not unusual, since the recognition of losses through the provision generally occurs before such losses are realized through a charge-off against the allowance for credit losses. In the fourth quarter of 2010, non-performing assets and delinquency levels both improved in comparison to the third quarter. This was the first time improvements in these measures in comparison to the preceding quarter had occurred since the second quarter of 2006.

While there is still much uncertainty about the economic outlook and the potential effects on financial performance, particularly asset quality, the Corporation believes that it has taken the appropriate steps to manage its exposures and continues to actively monitor its portfolio for signs of further deterioration.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin – Net interest income increased $37.8 million, or 7.3%, to $558.7 million in 2010 as compared to $521.0 million in 2009. The net interest margin increased 28 basis points, or 8.0%, to 3.80% in 2010 as compared to 3.52% in 2009. The increases in both net interest income and net interest margin were primarily attributable to decreases in funding costs as interest rates remained at historically low levels throughout the year. In addition, average core demand and savings accounts increased $1.2 billion, or 19.5%, which also contributed to a decrease in funding costs, as well as an improvement in the Corporation’s overall liquidity position. This increase in deposits reduced the Corporation’s wholesale funding position, mostly through reductions to average Federal funds purchased and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).

Other Income Growth – Total other income increased $9.0 million, or 5.1%, mainly due to a $4.2 million, or 16.9%, increase in mortgage banking income and a $4.6 million, or 11.4%, increase in other service charges and fees. Mortgage banking income increased as margins on loans sold increased, while refinance volumes remained high in the low interest rate environment that existed for most of 2010. Other service charges growth was driven by higher debit card, foreign currency processing and merchant fee transaction volumes.

Expense Control – Total other expenses decreased $6.6 million, or 1.6%, and the efficiency ratio improved to 53.5% in 2010 as compared to 57.9% in 2009. While 2009 expenses included a one-time $7.7 million FDIC assessment, other discretionary expenses remained well-controlled during 2010.

Common Stock Offering and Exit from Capital Purchase Program– In May 2010, the Corporation issued 21.8 million shares of its common stock, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of $226.3 million. As a result of this common stock issuance, weighted average diluted shares increased to 191.4 million in 2010 from 175.9 million in 2009.

In July 2010, the Corporation redeemed all 376,500 outstanding shares of its Series A preferred stock with a total payment to the U. S. Treasury Department (UST) of $379.6 million, consisting of $376.5 million of principal and $3.1 million of dividends. In September 2010, the Corporation repurchased an outstanding common stock warrant for the purchase of 5.5 million shares of its common stock for $10.8 million, completing the Corporation’s participation in the UST’s Capital Purchase Program (CPP).

As a result of the exit from CPP, preferred stock dividends and accretion decreased $3.9 million, or 19.2%. In addition, shareholders’ equity decreased $56.1 million, or 2.9%, at December 31, 2010 in comparison to 2009. Despite the decrease in shareholders’ equity, all regulatory capital ratios exceeded the minimum levels to be considered “well-capitalized” by at least 400 basis points.

Legislation and Regulation – On July 21, 2010, the President of the United States signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act creates the Financial Stability Oversight Council, with oversight authority for monitoring and regulating systemic risk, and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, which will have broad regulatory and enforcement powers over consumer financial products and services. The Dodd-Frank Act also changes the responsibilities of the current federal banking regulators, imposes additional corporate governance and disclosure requirements in areas such as executive compensation and proxy access, and limits or prohibits proprietary trading and hedge fund and private equity activities of banks. The scope of the Dodd-Frank Act impacts many aspects of the financial services industry, and it requires the development and adoption of many implementing regulations over the next several months and years. The effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry will depend, in large part, upon the extent to which regulators exercise the authority granted to them under the Dodd-Frank Act and the approaches taken in implementing regulations. Additional uncertainty regarding the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act exists due to the potential for additional legislative changes to the Dodd-Frank Act. The Corporation, as well as the broader financial services industry, is continuing to assess the potential impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on its business and operations, but at this stage, the extent of the impact cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. However, the Corporation is likely to be impacted by the Dodd-Frank Act in the areas of corporate governance, deposit insurance assessments, capital requirements, risk management, stress testing, and regulation under consumer protection laws.


Summary Financial Results

The Corporation generates the majority of its revenue through net interest income, or the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Growth in net interest income is dependent upon balance sheet growth and/or maintaining or increasing the net interest margin, which is net interest income (fully taxable-equivalent) as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The Corporation also generates revenue through fees earned on the various services and products offered to its customers and through gains on sales of assets, such as loans, investments, or properties. Offsetting these revenue sources are provisions for credit losses on loans, operating expenses and income taxes.


24


The following table presents a summary of the Corporation’s earnings and selected performance ratios:

   2010  2009 

Net income available to common shareholders (in thousands)

  $112,029   $53,755  

Diluted net income per common share (1)

  $0.59   $0.31  

Return on average assets

   0.78  0.45

Return on average common equity (2)

   6.29  3.54

Return on average tangible common equity (3)

   9.39  5.96

Net interest margin (4)

   3.80  3.52

Efficiency ratio

   53.49  57.88

Non-performing assets to total assets

   2.22  1.83

Net charge-offs to average loans

   1.19  0.94

 2011 2010
Income before income taxes (in thousands)$196,411

$172,741
Net income (in thousands)$145,573

$128,332
Net income available to common shareholders (in thousands)$145,573
 $112,029
Diluted net income per common share (1)$0.73
 $0.59
Return on average assets0.90% 0.78%
Return on average common equity (2)7.45% 6.29%
Return on average tangible common equity (3)10.54% 9.39%
Net interest margin (4)3.90% 3.80%
Efficiency ratio54.28% 53.33%
Non-performing assets to total assets1.94% 2.22%
Net charge-offs to average loans1.28% 1.19%
(1)

Net income available to common shareholders divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.

(2)

Net income available to common shareholders divided by average common shareholders’ equity.

(3)

Net income available to common shareholders, as adjusted for intangible amortization (net of tax), divided by average common shareholders’ equity, net of goodwill and intangible assets.

(4)

Presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis, using a 35% Federal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances. See also “Net Interest Income” section of Management’s Discussion.


2011 was characterized by improving, but still challenging, general economic conditions, a continuation of the low interest rate environment, and increasing regulatory and compliance changes. These factors, along with the Corporation's efforts to control discretionary spending in light of both current and future challenges, resulted in positive earnings growth and an improved capital position.
The following is a summary of the significant factors impacting the Corporation's financial performance in 2011:
Improved Asset Quality - The Corporation's provision for credit losses decreased $25.0 million, or 15.6%, to $135.0 million in 2011 from $160.0 million in 2010 due to improved credit quality metrics and reduced allocation needs. General market conditions stabilized in the Corporation's Pennsylvania, Maryland, Northern Delaware and Virginia markets, but remained more challenging in its New Jersey market. Despite improving economic conditions, many of the Corporation's borrowers remain stressed, impacting both the pace of asset quality improvement and the growth in loans.
Non-performing assets decreased $44.4 million, or 12.3%, in 2011 compared to 2010 due to the continued resolution of distressed assets, including the sale of $34.8 million of non-performing residential mortgages and home equity loans in December 2011 to a third-party investor. Non-performing assets at December 31, 2011 were at their lowest level since March 31, 2010 and delinquencies were at their lowest level since March 31, 2009. While net charge-offs increased, additional provisions for credit losses were not needed as allowance allocations were considered to be sufficient.
Growth in Net Interest Income and an Improved Net Interest Margin - Net interest income increased $1.4 million, to $560.2 million in 2011 from $558.7 million in 2010. The net interest margin increased 10 basis points, to 3.90% in 2011 as compared to 3.80% in 2010. The increases in both net interest income and net interest margin were primarily attributable to decreases in funding costs as interest rates remained at historically low levels throughout the year. Partially offsetting the decrease in funding costs was a decline in yields on interest-earning assets of 24 basis points, or 4.8%, and a $331.5 million, or 2.2%, decrease in average interest-earning assets.
While the net interest margin improved, growing earning assets remained a challenge. As a result, the positive impact to net interest income resulting from the increase in the margin was largely offset by the effect of the decrease in average interest-earning assets.
Other Income Growth, Despite Regulatory Headwinds - Total other income, excluding gains on sales of investment securities, increased $1.5 million, or 0.9%. During 2011, the Corporation was able to achieve moderate growth in total other income in spite of regulatory changes which had a negative effect on certain fee categories, primarily overdraft fees and interchange income on debit card transactions. Improvements in other fee categories that were driven by changes in fee structures and increased transaction volumes mitigated the impact of these changes.
Total other income was also affected by a $3.6 million, or 12.4%, decrease in mortgage banking income resulting from a $3.3 million increase to mortgage banking income in 2010 for a correction in the methodology for determining the fair value of

25


commitments to originate fixed rate mortgages held for sale.
Moderate Other Expense Increase - Other expenses increased $8.2 million, or 2.0%. The Corporation continued to experience upward pressure on its expenses as a result of continuing loan workout efforts and expanding regulatory and compliance requirements. Such increases were mitigated to a degree through continued control of discretionary expenses, such as marketing expense, which decreased $1.5 million, or 13.4%, in 2011.
The efficiency ratio remained strong at 54.3% in 2011, although this also represented a moderate increase from 2010. The most significant variances were seen in salaries and employee benefits ($10.9 million, or 5.1%, increase) and FDIC insurance expense ($5.2 million, or 26.6%, decrease).
As a result of the increase in earnings outpacing the growth in the balance sheet, the Corporation's capital position improved in 2011. Total shareholders' equity increased $112.2 million, or 6.0%, to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2011. Regulatory capital also grew, as shown by an increase in the total risk-based capital ratio to 15.2% at December 31, 2011, as compared to 14.2% in the prior year. With the improvements in both capital levels and earnings, the Corporation was able to increase its shareholder dividends during 2011. The total dividend per share was $0.20 in 2011 as compared to $0.12 in 2010.
In 2012, the Corporation will continue to focus on increasing market share, prudently deploying capital, reducing credit costs and providing superior customer service. In an effort to improve both its operating efficiency and customer service, the Corporation will be converting and upgrading its core banking systems over the next two years. While there will be moderate cost increases associated with the implementation of these new systems, the Corporation will benefit from the ability to expand product offerings, enhance delivery channels and improve customer service.



26


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the most significant component of the Corporation’s net income. The Corporation manages the risk associated with changes in interest rates through the techniques described in the “Market Risk” section of Management’s Discussion. Fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) net interest income increased $37.8$2.0 million, or 7.0%0.3%, to $574.3$576.2 million in 2010. This2011 due to an increase in the net interest margin. Net interest margin increased 10 basis points, or 2.6%, from 3.80% in 2010 to 3.90% in 2011. The increase in net interest margin was the net result of a $41.1 million39 basis point, or 25.3%, decrease in FTE interest income and a $78.9 millionfunding costs, offset by 24 basis point, or 4.8%, decrease in interest expense.

yields on interest-earning assets.

The following table provides a comparative average balance sheet and net interest income analysis for 20102011 compared to 20092010 and 2008.2009. Interest income and yields are presented on an FTE basis, using a 35% Federalfederal tax rate and statutory interest expense disallowances. The discussion following this table is based on these tax-equivalent amounts.

(dollars in thousands)

  2010  2009  2008 
   Average
Balance
  Interest (1)  Yield/
Rate
  Average
Balance
  Interest (1)  Yield/
Rate
  Average
Balance
  Interest (1)  Yield/
Rate
 

ASSETS

          

Interest-earning assets:

          

Loans, net of unearned income (2)

  $11,958,435   $637,438    5.33 $11,975,899   $655,384    5.47 $11,595,243   $732,533    6.32

Taxable inv. securities (3)

   2,403,206    96,237    4.00    2,548,810    112,945    4.43    2,228,204    110,220    4.95  

Tax-exempt inv. securities (3)

   357,427    20,513    5.74    451,828    25,180    5.57    512,920    27,904    5.44  

Equity securities (3)

   139,292    3,103    2.23    137,070    2,917    2.13    183,216    6,520    3.56  
                                     

Total investment securities

   2,899,925    119,853    4.13    3,137,708    141,042    4.50    2,924,340    144,644    4.95  

Loans held for sale

   69,157    3,088    4.47    105,067    5,390    5.13    93,085    5,701    6.12  

Other interest-earning assets

   192,888    505    0.26    21,255    196    0.92    21,503    586    2.71  
                                     

Total interest-earning assets

   15,120,405    760,884    5.04    15,239,929    802,012    5.27    14,634,171    883,464    6.04  

Noninterest-earning assets:

          

Cash and due from banks

   268,615      305,410      318,524    

Premises and equipment

   204,316      203,865      197,967    

Other assets (3)

   1,114,678      952,597      951,270    

Less: Allowance for loan losses

   (281,555    (221,128    (125,061  
                   

Total Assets

  $16,426,459     $16,480,673     $15,976,871    
                   

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

          

Interest-bearing liabilities:

          

Demand deposits

  $2,099,026   $7,341    0.35 $1,857,081   $7,995    0.43 $1,714,029   $13,168    0.77

Savings deposits

   3,124,157    19,889    0.63    2,425,864    19,487    0.80    2,152,158    28,520    1.32  

Time deposits

   5,016,645    95,129    1.90    5,507,090    153,344    2.78    4,502,399    170,426    3.79  
                                     

Total interest-bearing deposits

   10,239,828    122,359    1.19    9,790,035    180,826    1.85    8,368,586    212,114    2.53  

Short-term borrowings

   587,602    1,455    0.25    1,043,279    3,777    0.36    2,336,526    50,091    2.12  

Long-term debt

   1,326,449    62,813    4.74    1,712,630    80,910    4.72    1,822,115    81,141    4.45  
                                     

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   12,153,879    186,627    1.54    12,545,944    265,513    2.12    12,527,227    343,346    2.74  

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:

          

Demand deposits

   2,104,016      1,847,090      1,647,942    

Other

   191,398      198,078      191,874    
                   

Total Liabilities

   14,449,293      14,591,112      14,367,043    

Shareholders’ equity

   1,977,166      1,889,561      1,609,828    
                   

Total Liabs. and Equity

  $16,426,459     $16,480,673     $15,976,871    
                   

Net interest income/net interest margin (FTE)

    574,257    3.80   536,499    3.52   540,118    3.70
                   

Tax equivalent adjustment

    (15,511    (15,545    (15,970 
                   

Net interest income

   $558,746     $520,954     $524,148   
                   

(1)

Includes dividends earned on equity securities.

(2)

Includes non-performing loans.

(3)

Includes amortized historical cost for available for sale securities; the related unrealized holding gains (losses) are included in other assets.

(dollars in thousands)2011 2010 2009
 Average
Balance
 Interest (1) Yield/
Rate
 Average
Balance
 Interest (1) Yield/
Rate
 Average
Balance
 Interest (1) Yield/
Rate
ASSETS                 
Interest-earning assets:                 
Loans, net of unearned income (2)$11,904,529
 $605,671
 5.09% $11,958,435
 $637,438
 5.33% $11,975,899
 $655,384
 5.47%
Taxable investment securities (3)2,223,376
 80,184
 3.61
 2,403,206
 96,237
 4.00
 2,548,810
 112,945
 4.43
Tax-exempt investment securities (3)330,087
 18,521
 5.61
 357,427
 20,513
 5.74
 451,828
 25,180
 5.57
Equity securities (3)126,766
 3,078
 2.43
 139,292
 3,103
 2.23
 137,070
 2,917
 2.13
Total investment securities2,680,229
 101,783
 3.80
 2,899,925
 119,853
 4.13
 3,137,708
 141,042
 4.50
Loans held for sale43,470
 1,958
 4.50
 69,157
 3,088
 4.47
 105,067
 5,390
 5.13
Other interest-earning assets160,664
 358
 0.22
 192,888
 505
 0.26
 21,255
 196
 0.92
Total interest-earning assets14,788,892
 709,770
 4.80
 15,120,405
 760,884
 5.04
 15,239,929
 802,012
 5.27
Noninterest-earning assets:                 
Cash and due from banks274,527
     268,615
     305,410
    
Premises and equipment207,081
     204,316
     203,865
    
Other assets (3)1,108,359
     1,114,678
     952,597
    
Less: Allowance for loan losses(276,278)     (281,555)     (221,128)    
Total Assets$16,102,581
     $16,426,459
     $16,480,673
    
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY                 
Interest-bearing liabilities:                 
Demand deposits$2,391,043
 $5,312
 0.22% $2,099,026
 $7,341
 0.35% $1,857,081
 $7,995
 0.43%
Savings deposits3,359,109
 11,536
 0.34
 3,124,157
 19,889
 0.63
 2,425,864
 19,487
 0.80
Time deposits4,297,106
 66,235
 1.54
 5,016,645
 95,129
 1.90
 5,507,090
 153,344
 2.78
Total interest-bearing deposits10,047,258
 83,083
 0.83
 10,239,828
 122,359
 1.19
 9,790,035
 180,826
 1.85
Short-term borrowings495,791
 746
 0.15
 587,602
 1,455
 0.25
 1,043,279
 3,777
 0.36
Long-term debt1,034,475
 49,709
 4.81
 1,326,449
 62,813
 4.74
 1,712,630
 80,910
 4.72
Total interest-bearing liabilities11,577,524
 133,538
 1.15
 12,153,879
 186,627
 1.54
 12,545,944
 265,513
 2.12
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:                 
Demand deposits2,400,293
     2,104,016
     1,847,090
    
Other171,368
     191,398
     198,078
    
Total Liabilities14,149,185
     14,449,293
     14,591,112
    
Shareholders’ equity1,953,396
     1,977,166
     1,889,561
    
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity$16,102,581
     $16,426,459
     $16,480,673
    
Net interest income/net interest margin (FTE)  576,232
 3.90%   574,257
 3.80%   536,499
 3.52%
Tax equivalent adjustment  (16,072)     (15,511)     (15,545)  
Net interest income  $560,160
     $558,746
     $520,954
  
(1)Includes dividends earned on equity securities.
(2)Includes non-performing loans.
(3)Includes amortized historical cost for available for sale securities; the related unrealized holding gains (losses) are included in other assets.


27


The following table sets forth a summary of changes in FTE interest income and expense resulting from changes in average balances (volumes) and changes in rates:

   2010 vs. 2009
Increase (decrease) due
To change in
  2009 vs. 2008
Increase (decrease) due
To change in
 
   Volume  Rate  Net  Volume  Rate  Net 
         (in thousands)       

Interest income on:

       

Loans and leases

  $(955 $(16,991 $(17,946 $23,414   $(100,563 $(77,149

Taxable investment securities

   (6,221  (10,487  (16,708  12,787    (10,062  2,725  

Tax-exempt investment securities

   (5,398  731    (4,667  (3,391  667    (2,724

Equity securities

   48    138    186    (1,388  (2,215  (3,603

Loans held for sale

   (1,669  (633  (2,302  681    (992  (311

Other interest-earning assets

   541    (232  309    (7  (383  (390
                         

Total interest-earning assets

  $(13,654 $(27,474 $(41,128 $32,096   $(113,548 $(81,452
                         

Interest expense on:

       

Demand deposits

  $962   $(1,616 $(654 $1,022   $(6,195 $(5,173

Savings deposits

   5,087    (4,685  402    3,202    (12,235  (9,033

Time deposits

   (12,705  (45,510  (58,215  33,428    (50,510  (17,082

Short-term borrowings

   (1,347  (975  (2,322  (18,535  (27,779  (46,314

Long-term debt

   (18,287  190    (18,097  (5,023  4,792    (231
                         

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  $(26,290 $(52,596 $(78,886 $14,094   $(91,927 $(77,833
                         

 2011 vs. 2010 Increase (decrease) due
To change in
 2010 vs. 2009
Increase (decrease) due
To change in
 Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net
     (in thousands)    
Interest income on:           
Loans and leases$(2,861) $(28,906) $(31,767) $(955) $(16,991) $(17,946)
Taxable investment securities(6,894) (9,159) (16,053) (6,221) (10,487) (16,708)
Tax-exempt investment securities(1,542) (450) (1,992) (5,398) 731
 (4,667)
Equity securities(292) 267
 (25) 48
 138
 186
Loans held for sale(1,157) 27
 (1,130) (1,669) (633) (2,302)
Other interest-earning assets(78) (69) (147) 541
 (232) 309
Total interest-earning assets$(12,824) $(38,290) $(51,114) $(13,654) $(27,474) $(41,128)
Interest expense on:           
Demand deposits$918
 $(2,947) $(2,029) $962
 $(1,616) $(654)
Savings deposits1,332
 (9,685) (8,353) 5,087
 (4,685) 402
Time deposits(12,536) (16,358) (28,894) (12,705) (45,510) (58,215)
Short-term borrowings(202) (507) (709) (1,347) (975) (2,322)
Long-term debt(14,017) 913
 (13,104) (18,287) 190
 (18,097)
Total interest-bearing liabilities$(24,505) $(28,584) $(53,089) $(26,290) $(52,596) $(78,886)
Note:

Changes which are partially attributable to both volume and rate are allocated to the volume and rate components presented above based on the percentage of the direct changes that are attributable to each component.

2011 vs. 2010
FTE interest income decreased $51.1 million, or 6.7%. A 24 basis point, or 4.8%, decrease in average rates resulted in a $38.3 million decrease in interest income, while a $331.5 million, or 2.2%, decrease in average interest-earning assets resulted in a $12.8 million decrease in interest income.
Average loans decreased $53.9 million as a result of generally weak demand due to economic conditions. The following table summarizes the changes in average loans by type:
     Increase (decrease)
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$4,458,205
 $4,333,371
 $124,834
 2.9 %
Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural3,681,321
 3,681,692
 (371) 
Real estate - home equity1,627,308
 1,642,999
 (15,691) (1.0)
Real estate - residential mortgage1,036,474
 977,909
 58,565
 6.0
Real estate - construction700,071
 889,267
 (189,196) (21.3)
Consumer332,613
 363,066
 (30,453) (8.4)
Leasing and other68,537
 70,131
 (1,594) (2.3)
Total$11,904,529
 $11,958,435
 $(53,906) (0.5)%
Geographically, the $124.8 million, or 2.9%, increase in commercial mortgages was within the Corporation’s Pennsylvania ($101.0 million, or 4.5%), New Jersey ($18.4 million, or 1.5%) and Maryland ($6.0 million, or 1.5%) markets, offset by a decline in the Virginia market ($5.2 million, or 1.5%).
The $58.6 million, or 6.0%, increase in residential mortgages was largely due to the Corporation’s retention in portfolio of certain 10 and 15 year fixed rate mortgages and certain adjustable rate mortgages to partially mitigate the impact of decreases in average interest-earning assets. See further discussion regarding the impact of retaining these mortgages under the heading "Other Income and Expenses," below.

28


The $189.2 million, or 21.3%, decrease in construction loans was a result of charge-offs and repayments exceeding originations, in addition to the conversion of commercial construction loans to permanent mortgages. Significant growth in construction loans is not likely to occur until housing and overall commercial real estate markets show greater stabilization. Geographically, the decline was primarily in the Corporation’s Maryland ($81.5 million, or 40.3%), Virginia ($68.2 million, or 31.9%) and New Jersey ($42.4 million, or 27.2%) markets.
The $30.5 million, or 8.4%, decrease in consumer loans was due to a $17.3 million decrease in direct consumer loans and a $13.1 million decrease in the indirect automobile loan portfolio.
The average yield on loans during 2011 of 5.09% represented a 24 basis point, or 4.5%, decrease in comparison to 2010, despite the average prime rate remaining at 3.25% for both 2011 and 2010. The decrease in average yields on loans was attributable to repayments of higher-yielding loans and declining average rates on fixed and adjustable rate loans which, unlike floating rate loans, have a lagged repricing effect. In addition, approximately one-third of the floating rate portfolio is based on an index rate other than prime, such as the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, which decreased slightly on average from 2011 to 2010.
Average investments decreased $219.7 million, or 7.6%, due largely to maturities or calls of collateralized mortgage obligations and state and municipal securities and redemptions of student loan auction rate securities. During 2011, the proceeds from the maturities and sales of securities were not fully reinvested into the portfolio because current rates on many investment options were not attractive. The average yield on investments decreased 33 basis points, or 8.0%, from 4.13% in 2010 to 3.80% in 2011, as the reinvestment of cash flows and purchases of taxable investment securities were at yields that were lower than the overall portfolio yield. Also contributing 4 basis points to the decrease in investment yield was an increase in net premium amortization of $843,000 to $6.0 million for 2011, compared to $5.2 million in 2010 due to higher prepayments on mortgage-backed securities.
Loans held for sale decreased $25.7 million, or 37.1%, due to a decrease in the volumes of loans sold, a result of lower refinance activity during 2011, and also due to the Corporation's retention of certain residential mortgages in portfolio. Other interest-earning assets decreased $32.2 million, or 16.7%, as the Corporation reduced its average overnight investment position.
Interest expense decreased $53.1 million, or 28.4%, to $133.5 million in 2011 from $186.6 million in 2010. Interest expense decreased $28.6 million due to a 39 basis point, or 25.3%, decrease in the average cost of total interest-bearing liabilities. Interest expense decreased an additional $24.5 million as a result of a $576.4 million, or 4.7%, decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities.
The following table summarizes the changes in average deposits, by type:
     Increase (decrease)
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing demand$2,400,293
 $2,104,016
 $296,277
 14.1 %
Interest-bearing demand2,391,043
 2,099,026
 292,017
 13.9
Savings3,359,109
 3,124,157
 234,952
 7.5
Total demand and savings8,150,445
 7,327,199
 823,246
 11.2
Time deposits4,297,106
 5,016,645
 (719,539) (14.3)
Total deposits$12,447,551
 $12,343,844
 $103,707
 0.8 %
Total demand and savings accounts increased $823.2 million, or 11.2%. The increase in noninterest-bearing accounts was primarily due to a $235.9 million, or 16.1%, increase in business account balances due, in part, to businesses maintaining higher balances to offset service fees, as well as a migration away from the Corporation's cash management products due to the low interest rate environment. Also contributing to the increase in non-interest bearing accounts was a $42.3 million, or 7.8%, increase in personal account balances. The increase in interest-bearing demand and savings accounts consisted of a $329.1 million, or 27.1%, increase in municipal account balances, primarily due to attractive interest rates for insured deposit products relative to non-bank alternatives and a $256.2 million, or 7.0%, increase in personal account balances. The increases in non-interest and interest bearing personal account balances was due to customers' migration away from certificates of deposit, as well as the Corporation's promotional efforts with a focus on building customer relationships.

The $719.5 million, or 14.3%, decrease in time deposits was due to a $713.1 million, or 14.2%, decrease in customer certificates of deposit and a $6.4 million, or 64.5%, decrease in brokered certificates of deposit. The decrease in customer certificates of deposit was in accounts with original maturity terms of less than two years ($706.9 million, or 22.5%) and jumbo certificates of deposit ($146.9, or 39.7%), partially offset by an increase in accounts with original maturity terms of greater than two years ($160.7 million, or 15.0%). The decreases in shorter-term and jumbo customer certificates of deposit reflected customer movement of balances to core accounts and longer-term deposits, as well as to the Corporation not competing aggressively for time deposit balances.

29


The average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 36 basis points, or 30.3%, from 1.19% in 2010 to 0.83% in 2011 due to a reduction in rates paid on all categories of deposits and the repricing of certificates of deposit to lower rates. Excluding early redemptions, $3.5 billion of time deposits matured during 2011 at a weighted average rate of 1.20%, while $3.2 billion of time deposits were issued at a weighted average rate of 0.66%.
The following table summarizes the decreases in average borrowings, by type:
     Decrease
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings:       
Customer repurchase agreements$208,144
 $252,634
 $(44,490) (17.6)%
Customer short-term promissory notes174,624
 209,766
 (35,142) (16.8)
Total short-term customer funding382,768
 462,400
 (79,632) (17.2)
Federal funds purchased113,023
 125,202
 (12,179) (9.7)
Total short-term borrowings495,791
 587,602
 (91,811) (15.6)
Long-term debt:       
FHLB Advances651,268
 943,118
 (291,850) (30.9)
Other long-term debt383,207
 383,331
 (124) 
Total long-term debt1,034,475
 1,326,449
 (291,974) (22.0)
Total$1,530,266
 $1,914,051
 $(383,785) (20.1)%

The $79.6 million, or 17.2%, decrease in short-term customer funding resulted primarily from customers transferring funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment. The $12.2 million, or 9.7%, decrease in Federal funds purchased was due to increases in average deposits, combined with the decreases in investments and loans, the result of which was a reduced need for wholesale funding. The $291.9 million decrease in FHLB advances was due to maturities, which were generally not replaced with new advances.
2010 vs. 2009

FTE interest income decreased $41.1 million, or 5.1%. A 23 basis point, or 4.4%, decrease in average rates resulted in a $27.5 million decrease in interest income, while a $119.5 million, or 0.8%, decrease in average interest-earning assets resulted in a $13.7 million decrease in interest income.

Average loans decreased $17.5 million. The following table summarizes the changes in average loans by type:

           Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Real estate - commercial mortgage

  $4,333,371    $4,135,486    $197,885    4.8

Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural

   3,681,692     3,673,654     8,038    0.2  

Real estate - home equity

   1,642,999     1,665,834     (22,835  (1.4

Real estate - residential mortgage

   977,909     938,187     39,722    4.2  

Real estate - construction

   889,267     1,111,863     (222,596  (20.0

Consumer

   363,066     368,651     (5,585  (1.5

Leasing and other

   70,131     82,224     (12,093  (14.7
                   

Total

  $11,958,435    $11,975,899    $(17,464  (0.1%) 
                   

Overall loan demand continued to be weak during 2010 as a result of general economic conditions. In addition, the2010. The Corporation continued to manage risk by reducing its exposure in certain loan types, particularly construction loans. As a result, increasesIncreases resulting from new originations were more than offset by decreases due to repayments and charge-offs.

Geographically, the

Commercial mortgages increased $197.9 million, or 4.8%,. Geographically, the increase in commercial mortgages was within the Corporation’s Pennsylvania ($127.8 million, or 5.9%), Maryland ($31.3 million, or 8.8%), New Jersey ($21.1 million, or 1.8%) and Virginia ($17.6 million, or 5.4%) markets.

The

Residential mortgages increased $39.7 million, or 4.2%, increase in residential mortgages was largely due to the Corporation’s retention in portfolio of certain 10 and 15 year fixed rate mortgages and certain adjustable rate mortgages with longer initial repricing terms. The majority of these loans were underwritten to the standards required for sale to third-party investors, however, the Corporation elected to retain them in portfolio to partially mitigate the impact of decreases in average interest-earning assets.

The

Construction loans decreased $222.6 million, or 20.0% decrease in construction loans was, primarily due to efforts to decrease credit exposure in this portfolio as new loan originations decreased during the current year.2010. In addition, $66.4 million of charge-offs recorded in 2010 contributed to the decrease. Geographically, the decline was primarily in the Corporation’s Maryland ($91.6 million, or 31.2%), Virginia ($65.8 million, or 23.6%) and New Jersey ($62.4 million, or 28.6%) markets.

The average yield on loans during 2010 of 5.33% represented a 14 basis point, or 2.6%, decrease in comparison to 2009, despite the average prime rate remaining at 3.25% for both 2010 and 2009. The decrease in average yields on loans was attributable to repayments of higher-yielding loans and declining average rates on fixed and adjustable rate loans which, unlike floating rate loans, have a lagged repricing effect. In addition, approximately one-thirdof the floating rate portfolio is based on an index rate other than prime, such as the one-month London Interbank Offering Rate, or LIBOR, which decreased on average from 2009 to 2010.

Average investments decreased $237.8 million, or 7.6%, due largely to maturities of mortgage-backed securities, state and municipal securities and U.S. government sponsored agency securities, partially offset by an increase in collateralized mortgage obligations.

30


During 2010, the proceeds from the maturities and sales of securities were not fully reinvested into the portfolio because current rates on many investment options were not attractive. The average yield on investments decreased 37 basis points, or 8.2%, from 4.50% in 2009 to 4.13% in 2010, as the reinvestment of cash flows and incremental purchases of taxable investment securities were at yields that were lower than the overall portfolio yield.

Other interest-earning assets increased $171.6 million, or 807.5%, due to a lack of attractive investment alternatives.

Interest expense decreased $78.9 million, or 29.7%, to $186.6 million in 2010 from $265.5 million in 2009. Of this decrease, $52.6 million resulted from a 58 basis point, or 27.4%, decrease in the average cost of total interest-bearing liabilities. The remainder of the decrease in interest expense, $26.3 million, resulted from a $392.1 million, or 3.1%, decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities.

The following table summarizes the changes in average deposits, by type:

           Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Noninterest-bearing demand

  $2,104,016    $1,847,090    $256,926    13.9

Interest-bearing demand

   2,099,026     1,857,081     241,945    13.0  

Savings

   3,124,157     2,425,864     698,293    28.8  
                   

Total demand and savings

   7,327,199     6,130,035     1,197,164    19.5  

Time deposits

   5,016,645     5,507,090     (490,445  (8.9
                   

Total deposits

  $12,343,844    $11,637,125    $706,719    6.1
                   

Total demand and savings accounts increased $1.2 billion, or 19.5%, which was consistent with industry trends as economic conditionshave slowed spending and encouraged saving. The increase in noninterest-bearingNoninterest-bearing accounts wasincreased $256.9 million, or 13.9%, primarily due to a $217.8 million, or 17.5%, increase in business account balances. The increase in interest-bearingInterest-bearing demand and savings accounts increased $940.2 million, or 22.0%, which consisted of a $468.6 million, or 17.8%, increase in personal account balances, a $284.9 million, or 30.7%, increase in municipal account balances and a $186.8 million, or 26.1%, increase in business account balances. Growth in business account balances was due, in part, to businesses being required to keep higher balances on hand to offset service fees, as well as a migration away from the Corporation’s cash management products due to low interest rates. The increase in personal account balances was a result of a decrease in customer certificates of deposit as well as the Corporation’s promotional efforts with a focus on building customer relationships.

The


Time deposits decreased $490.4 million, decrease in time depositsor 8.9%, which consisted of a $353.4 million, or 6.6%, decrease in retail customer certificates of deposits and a $137.1 million, or 93.2%, decrease in brokered certificates of deposit. The decrease in customer certificates of deposit was in accounts with original maturity terms of less than one year of $901.6 million, or 33.8%, partially offset by an increase in accounts with original maturity terms of greater than one year of $586.4 million, or 34.4%. As noted above, the decrease in short-term customer certificates of deposit was largely due to customers migrating funds to interest-bearing savings and demand accounts in anticipation of rising rates.accounts. The growth in longer-term certificates of deposit was due to the Corporation’s continuing focus on building customer relationships, while at the same time extending funding maturities at reasonable rates over a longer time horizon. The decrease in brokered certificates of deposit occurred because the significant growth in customer funding reduced the need for non-core funding alternatives.

The average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 66 basis points, or 35.7%, from 1.85% in 2009 to 1.19% in 2010, primarily due to the maturities of higher-rate certificates of deposit. The average cost of time deposits decreased 88 basis points, or 31.7%. During 2010, $5.2 billion of time deposits matured at a weighted average rate of 1.69%, while $4.9 billion of time deposits were issued at a weighted average rate of 1.11%.

The following table summarizes the changes in average borrowings, by type:

           Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Short-term borrowings:

       

Customer repurchase agreements

  $252,634    $254,662    $(2,028  (0.8%) 

Customer short-term promissory notes

   209,766     287,231     (77,465  (27.0
                   

Total short-term customer funding

   462,400     541,893     (79,493  (14.7

Federal funds purchased

   125,202     453,268     (328,066  (72.4

Federal Reserve Bank borrowings

   0     46,137     (46,137  (100.0

Other short-term borrowings

   0     1,981     (1,981  (100.0
                   

Total other short-term borrowings

   125,202     501,386     (376,184  (75.0
                   

Total short-term borrowings

   587,602     1,043,279     (455,677  (43.7
                   

Long-term debt:

       

FHLB Advances

   943,118     1,329,482     (386,364  (29.1

Other long-term debt

   383,331     383,148     183    0.0  
                   

Total long-term debt

   1,326,449     1,712,630     (386,181  (22.5
                   

Total

  $1,914,051    $2,755,909    $(841,858  (30.5%) 
                   

The


Short-term customer funding, consisting of customer repurchase agreements and customer short-term promissory notes, decreased $79.5 million, or 14.7%,. The decrease in short-term customer funding resulted primarily from customers transferring funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment. The decreases in Federal funds purchased and Federal Reserve Bank borrowings weredecreased $374.2 million, or 74.9%, due to increases in customer deposit accounts, combined with the decreases in investments and loans, the result of which was a reduced funding need for the Corporation. TheFHLB advances decreased $386.4 million, decrease in FHLB advances wasor 29.1%, due to maturities, which were generally not replaced with new advances.

2009 vs. 2008

FTE interest income decreased $81.5 million, or 9.2%. A 77 basis point decrease in average rates resulted in a $113.5 million decrease in interest income. This decrease was partially offset by a $32.1 million increase in interest income realized from a $605.8 million, or 4.1%, increase in average interest-bearing balances.

Contributing to the increase in average interest-earning assets was a $380.7 million, or 3.3%, increase in average loans. During 2009, overall loan growth was slowed as a result of weak economic conditions. Also affecting loan growth was the Corporation’s efforts to reduce credit exposure in certain sectors.

The growth in average loans was primarily due to increases in commercial mortgages ($388.2 million, or 10.4%), commercial loans ($148.0 million, or 4.2%) and home equity loans ($68.6 million, or 4.3%), offset by a decrease in construction loans. Geographically, the increase in commercial mortgages was mainly attributable to increases within the Corporation’s Pennsylvania ($207.3 million, or 10.7%), New Jersey ($80.8 million, or 7.3%) and Maryland ($73.8 million, or 26.1%) markets. The increase in commercial loans was mostly attributable to an increase within the Corporation’s Pennsylvania market of $134.3 million, or 6.0%. The increase in home equity loans was in home equity lines of credit, offset by a decrease in second mortgages.

Offsetting the above increases was a $208.6 million, or 15.8%, decrease in construction loans, due to both a lower level of new and existing residential housing developments and the Corporation’s efforts to reduce its credit exposure in this sector, particularly within its Maryland and Virginia markets. Geographically, the decrease was attributable to decreases in the Corporation’s Maryland ($100.7 million, or 25.5%), Virginia ($48.1 million, or 14.7%), New Jersey ($27.7 million, or 11.3%) and Pennsylvania ($26.6 million, or 8.1%) markets.

The average yield on loans during 2009 of 5.47% represented an 85 basis point, or 13.4%, decrease in comparison to 2008. The decrease in the average yield on loans reflected a lower average rate environment, as illustrated by a lower average prime rate in 2009 (3.25%) as compared to 2008 (5.12%). The decrease in average yields was not as pronounced as the decrease in the average prime rate as fixed and adjustable rate loans, unlike floating rate loans, have a lagged repricing effect during periods of declining interest rates.

Average investments increased $213.4 million, or 7.3%, primarily due to a $181.1 million increase in student loan auction rate securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs). The Corporation’s investment management and trust division, Fulton Financial Advisors, held ARCs for some of its customers’ accounts. ARCs are structured to allow for their sale in periodic auctions, with fair values that could be derived based on periodic auctions under normal market conditions. Beginning in the second quarter of 2008 and continuing throughout 2009, the Corporation purchased ARCs from customers due to the failure of these periodic auctions, making these previously short-term investments illiquid.

The average yield on investment securities decreased 45 basis points, or 9.1%, from 4.95% in 2008 to 4.50% in 2009 as purchases were at yields that were lower than the overall portfolio yield. Investment yields were also adversely impacted by the reduction or in some cases the suspension of, dividends on equity securities, particularly financial institution stocks and FHLB stocks. The $181.1 million increase in ARCs resulted in a seven basis point decrease in average yield.

The $81.5 million decrease in interest income was largely offset by a decrease in interest expense of $77.8 million, or 22.7%, to $265.5 million in 2009 from $343.3 million in 2008. Interest expense decreased $91.9 million as a result of a 62 basis point, or 22.6%, decrease in the average cost of total interest-bearing liabilities. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $14.1 million caused by an increase in average interest-bearing liabilities.

The Corporation experienced a net increase in total demand and savings accounts of $615.9 million, or 11.2%. The increase in noninterest-bearing accounts was in business account balances, while the increase in interest-bearing demand and savings accounts was in municipal, business and personal account balances. The growth in business account balances was due, in part, to businesses being required to keep higher balances on hand to offset service fees, as well as a movement from the Corporation’s cash management products due to low interest rates. The increase in personal account balances was the result of a reduction in customer spending, in addition to the impact of decreased consumer confidence in equity and debt markets, resulting in a shift to deposits.

Time deposits increased $1.0 billion, or 22.3%. The increase in time deposits occurred primarily in retail customer certificates of deposits. This increase was due to active promotion in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. These average deposit increases were used to reduce the Corporation’s short and long-term borrowings.

Short-term borrowings decreased $1.3 billion, or 55.3%, due mainly to an $875.6 million decrease in Federal funds purchased and a $303.2 million decrease in FHLB overnight repurchase agreements, both a result of the increase in deposits. In addition, short-term customer funding decreased $139.7 million due to customers transferring funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment. Long-term debt decreased $109.5 million, or 6.0%, due to maturities of FHLB advances.


Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Corporation accounts for the credit risk associated with lending activities through its allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses. The provision is the expense recognized on the consolidated statements of operationsincome to adjust the allowance to its proper balance, as determined through the application of the Corporation’s allowance methodology procedures. These procedures include the evaluation of the risk characteristics of the portfolio and documentation in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102, “Selected Loan Loss Allowance Methodology and Documentation Issues” (SAB 102).Issues.”
The Corporation’s established methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses considers both components of the allowance: 1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated for impairment under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) Section 310-10-35; and 2) allowances calculated for pools of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.
Effective April 1, 2011, the Corporation revised and enhanced its allowance for credit loss methodology. This change in methodology did not impact the total allowance for credit losses. See the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of Management’s Discussion for a discussion of the Corporation’s allowance for credit loss evaluation methodology.

The development of the Corporation’s allowance for credit losses is based first on a segmentation of its loan portfolio by general loan type, or "portfolio segments." Certain portfolio segments are further disaggregated and evaluated for impairment based on “class

31


segments,��� which are largely based on the type of collateral underlying each loan. For commercial loans, class segments include loans secured by collateral and unsecured loans. Construction loan class segments include loans secured by commercial real estate and loans secured by residential real estate. Consumer loan class segments are based on collateral types and include direct consumer installment loans and indirect automobile loans.

A summary of the Corporation’s loan loss experience follows:

   2010  2009  2008  2007  2006 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Loans, net of unearned income outstanding at end of year

  $11,933,307   $11,972,424   $12,042,620   $11,204,424   $10,374,323  
                     

Daily average balance of loans, net of unearned income

  $11,958,435   $11,975,899   $11,595,243   $10,736,566   $9,892,082  
                     

Balance of allowance for credit losses at beginning of year

  $257,553   $180,137   $112,209   $106,884   $92,847  

Loans charged off:

      

Real estate – construction

   66,412    44,909    14,891    0    0  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   35,865    34,761    18,592    6,796    3,013  

Real estate – commercial mortgage

   28,209    15,530    7,516    851    155  

Consumer and home equity

   11,210    10,770    5,188    3,678    3,138  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   6,896    7,056    5,868    355    274  

Leasing and other

   2,833    6,048    4,804    2,059    389  
                     

Total loans charged off

   151,425    119,074    56,859    13,739    6,969  

Recoveries of loans previously charged off:

      

Real estate – construction

   1,296    1,194    17    0    0  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   4,536    1,679    1,795    1,664    2,863  

Real estate – commercial mortgage

   1,008    536    286    34    210  

Consumer and home equity

   1,540    1,678    1,487    1,246    1,289  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   9    150    143    144    58  

Leasing and other

   981    1,233    1,433    913    97  
                     

Total recoveries

   9,370    6,470    5,161    4,001    4,517  
                     

Net loans charged off

   142,055    112,604    51,698    9,738    2,452  

Provision for credit losses

   160,000    190,020    119,626    15,063    3,498  

Allowance of purchased entities

   0    0    0    0    12,991  
                     

Balance at end of year

  $275,498   $257,553   $180,137   $112,209   $106,884  
                     

Components of Allowance for Credit Losses:

      

Allowance for loan losses

  $274,271   $256,698   $173,946   $107,547   $106,884  

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments (1)

   1,227    855    6,191    4,662    0  
                     

Allowance for credit losses

  $275,498   $257,553   $180,137   $112,209   $106,884  
                     

Selected Asset Quality Ratios:

      

Net charge-offs to average loans

   1.19  0.94  0.45  0.09  0.02

Allowance for loan losses to loans outstanding

   2.30  2.14  1.44  0.96  1.03

Allowance for credit losses to loans outstanding

   2.31  2.15  1.50  1.00  1.03

Non-performing assets (2) to total assets

   2.22  1.83  1.35  0.76  0.39

Non-performing assets to total loans and Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

   3.02  2.54  1.82  1.08  0.56

Non-accrual loans to total loans

   2.35  1.99  1.34  0.68  0.32

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans

   83.80  91.42  91.38  105.93  198.87

Non-performing assets to tangible common shareholders’ equity and allowance for credit losses

   22.50  24.00  19.68  11.71  6.03

(1)

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments recorded within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)

Includes accruing loans past due 90 days or more.

 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
 (dollars in thousands)
Loans, net of unearned income outstanding at end of year$11,968,970
 $11,933,307
 $11,972,424
 $12,042,620
 $11,204,424
Daily average balance of loans, net of unearned income$11,904,529
 $11,958,435
 $11,975,899
 $11,595,243
 $10,736,566
Balance of allowance for credit losses at beginning of year$275,498
 $257,553
 $180,137
 $112,209
 $106,884
Loans charged off:         
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural52,301
 35,865
 34,761
 18,592
 6,796
Real estate – construction38,613
 66,412
 44,909
 14,891
 
Real estate – residential mortgage32,533
 6,896
 7,056
 5,868
 355
Real estate – commercial mortgage26,032
 28,209
 15,530
 7,516
 851
Consumer and home equity9,686
 11,210
 10,770
 5,188
 3,678
Leasing and other2,168
 2,833
 6,048
 4,804
 2,059
Total loans charged off161,333
 151,425
 119,074
 56,859
 13,739
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:         
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural2,521
 4,536
 1,679
 1,795
 1,664
Real estate – construction1,746
 1,296
 1,194
 17
 
Real estate – residential mortgage325
 9
 150
 143
 144
Real estate – commercial mortgage1,967
 1,008
 536
 286
 34
Consumer and home equity1,431
 1,540
 1,678
 1,487
 1,246
Leasing and other1,022
 981
 1,233
 1,433
 913
Total recoveries9,012
 9,370
 6,470
 5,161
 4,001
Net loans charged off152,321
 142,055
 112,604
 51,698
 9,738
Provision for credit losses135,000
 160,000
 190,020
 119,626
 15,063
Balance at end of year$258,177
 $275,498
 $257,553
 $180,137
 $112,209
Components of Allowance for Credit Losses:         
Allowance for loan losses$256,471
 $274,271
 $256,698
 $173,946
 $107,547
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments (1)1,706
 1,227
 855
 6,191
 4,662
Allowance for credit losses$258,177
 $275,498
 $257,553
 $180,137
 $112,209
Selected Asset Quality Ratios:         
Net charge-offs to average loans1.28% 1.19% 0.94% 0.45% 0.09%
Allowance for loan losses to loans outstanding2.14% 2.30% 2.14% 1.44% 0.96%
Allowance for credit losses to loans outstanding2.16% 2.31% 2.15% 1.50% 1.00%
Non-performing assets (2) to total assets1.94% 2.22% 1.83% 1.35% 0.76%
Non-performing assets to total loans and Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)2.64% 3.02% 2.54% 1.82% 1.08%
Non-accrual loans to total loans2.15% 2.35% 1.99% 1.34% 0.68%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans90.11% 83.80% 91.42% 91.38% 105.93%
Non-performing assets to tangible common shareholders’ equity and allowance for credit losses18.60% 22.50% 24.00% 19.68% 11.71%
(1)Reserve for unfunded lending commitments recorded within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Includes accruing loans past due 90 days or more.
The Corporation’s provision for credit losses for 20102011 totaled $160.0$135.0 million, a $30.0$25.0 million, or 15.8%15.6%, decrease from the $190.0$160.0 million provision for credit losses in 2009. During 2010, as the level of non-performing assets decreased, leading to a decrease in additional allocation needs.

While the provision for credit losses decreased, net charge-offs increased as losses previously provided for were realized. This relationship between the provision for credit losses and net charge-offs increased in comparison to 2009, however, additional provisionsis not unusual, since the recognition of losses through the provision generally occurs before such losses are realized through a charge-off against the allowance for credit losses were not needed as allowance allocations were considered to be sufficient.

losses. Net charge-offscharge-


32


offs increased $29.5$10.3 million, or 26.2%7.2%, to $152.3 million in 2011 from $142.1 million in 2010 from $112.6 million in 2009.2010. The increase in net charge-offs was primarily due to increases in constructionresidential mortgage net charge-offs ($25.3 million, or 367.7%) and commercial loan net charge-offs ($21.418.5 million, or 49.0%) and commercial mortgage net charge-offs ($12.2 million, or 81.4%58.9%), partially offset by declines in construction loan net charge-offs ($28.2 million, or 43.4%), commercial mortgage net charge-offs ($3.1 million, or 11.5%) and consumer and other net charge-offs ($2.42.1 million, or 17.1%18.4%) and commercial loan.

The increase in residential mortgage net charge-offs ($1.8was largely due to the sale of $34.7 million or 5.3%).

of non-performing residential mortgages and $152,000 of non-performing home equity loans to an investor in December 2011. Below is a summary of the transaction (in thousands):

Recorded investment in loans sold$34,810
Proceeds from sale, net of selling expenses17,420
     Total charge-off$(17,390)


Existing allocation for credit losses on sold loans$(12,360)
Of the $142.1$152.3 million of net charge-offs recorded in 2010, 27.5%2011, 28.6% were for loans originated by the Corporation’s banksbank in New Jersey, 24.9%28.6% in Pennsylvania, 23.2%21.8% in Virginia and 20.8%18.4% in Maryland. During 2011, individual charge-offs of $1.0 million or greater totaled approximately $44 million, of which approximately $21 million were for commercial loans, approximately $16 million were for construction loans, approximately $6 million were for commercial mortgages loans and $1.3 million was for a residential mortgage. For 2010, individual charge-offs of $1.0 million or greater totaled approximately $76 million, of which approximately $52 million were for construction or land development loans, approximately $12 million were for commercial mortgages loans, and approximately $12 million were for commercial loans. For 2009, individual charge-offs

The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment, for the year ended December 31, 2011:
 
Real Estate -
Commercial
Mortgage
 
Commercial -
Industrial,
Financial and
Agricultural
 
Real Estate -
Home
Equity
 
Real Estate -
Residential
Mortgage
 
Real Estate -
Construction
 Consumer 
Leasing
and other
and
Overdrafts
 Unallocated (1) Total
 (in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2011$40,831
 $101,436
 $6,454
 $17,425
 $58,117
 $4,669
 $3,840
 $41,499
 $274,271
Loans charged off(26,032) (52,301) (6,397) (32,533) (38,613) (3,289) (2,168) 
 (161,333)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off1,967
 2,521
 63
 325
 1,746
 1,368
 1,022
 
 9,012
Net loans charged off(24,065) (49,780) (6,334) (32,208) (36,867) (1,921) (1,146) 
 (152,321)
Provision for loan losses (2)45,463
 36,628
 9,031
 29,873
 33,587
 2,411
 647
 (23,119) 134,521
Impact of change in allowance methodology22,883
 (13,388) 3,690
 7,896
 (24,771) (3,076) (944) 7,710
 
Provision for loan losses, including impact of change in allowance methodology68,346
 23,240
 12,721
 37,769
 8,816
 (665) (297) (15,409) 134,521
Balance at December 31, 2011$85,112
 $74,896
 $12,841
 $22,986
 $30,066
 $2,083
 $2,397
 $26,090
 $256,471

(1)
The Corporation’s unallocated allowance, which was approximately 10% and 15% as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, was reasonable and appropriate as the estimates used in the allocation process are inherently imprecise.
(2)
Provision for loan losses is net of a $479,000 decrease in provision applied to unfunded commitments for the year ended December 31, 2011. The total provision
for credit losses, comprised of $1.0allocations for both funded and unfunded loans, was $135.0 million or greater totaled approximately $47 for the year ended December 31, 2011.
During 2011, the $134.5 million provision for loan losses, including the impact of which approximately $25the Corporation's change in methodology, was allocated 50.8% to commercial mortgages, 28.1% to residential mortgages, 17.3% to commercial mortgages, 9.5% to home equity loans and 6.6% to construction loans. Allocations of the provision for loan losses to these loan types were offset by a negative provision to reduce the unallocated allowance by $15.4 million, due to the Corporation's new reserve methodology, including an enhanced qualitative process that has further quantified inherent risks that were historically covered by the unallocated allowance.
Changes in allocations by portfolio segment are driven by indications of credit quality deterioration. The Corporation's allowance for loan loss methodology segments commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction or land development loans approximately $14 million wereinto separate pools based on internally assigned risk ratings. Residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, and lease receivables are further segmented into separate pools based on delinquency status.

33


The following table presents internal risk ratings for commercial loans, approximately $6 million were for commercial mortgages and approximately $2certain construction loans by class segment as of December 31:

Pass
Special Mention
Substandard or Lower
Total

December 31, 2011
December 31, 2010
December 31, 2011
December 31, 2010
December 31, 2011
December 31, 2010
December 31, 2011
December 31, 2010

(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$4,099,103
 $3,776,714
 $160,935
 $306,926
 $342,558
 $292,340
 $4,602,596
 $4,375,980
Commercial - secured2,977,957
 2,903,184
 166,588
 244,927
 249,014
 323,187
 3,393,559
 3,471,298
Commercial -unsecured230,962
 211,298
 6,066
 14,177
 8,781
 7,611
 245,809
 233,086
Total commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural3,208,919
 3,114,482
 172,654
 259,104
 257,795
 330,798
 3,639,368
 3,704,384
Construction - commercial residential175,706
 251,159
 50,854
 84,774
 126,378
 156,966
 352,938
 492,899
Construction - commercial186,049
 222,357
 7,022
 10,221
 16,309
 11,859
 209,380
 244,437
Total real estate - construction (excluding Construction - other)361,755
 473,516
 57,876
 94,995
 142,687
 168,825
 562,318
 737,336
Total$7,669,777
 $7,364,712
 $391,465
 $661,025
 $743,040
 $791,963
 $8,804,282
 $8,817,700
                
% of Total87.1%
83.5%
4.5%
7.5%
8.4%
9.0%
100.0%
100.0%
As of December 31, 2011, total loans with risk ratings of substandard or lower decreased $48.9 million, or 6.2%, in comparison to 2010. This decrease was relateddue to a lease$73.0 million, or 22.1%, decrease in commercial loans rated substandard or lower and a $26.1 million, or 15.5%, decrease in construction loans class segments rated substandard or lower, partially offset by a $50.2 million, or 17.2%, increase in commercial mortgage loans rated substandard or lower.
Special mention risk rated loans decreased $269.6 million, or 40.8%, and comprised 4.5% of commercial equipment.

total risk rated loans as of December 31, 2011, as compared to 7.5% in 2010. Pass risk rated loans increased $305.1 million, or 4.1%, and accounted for 87.1% of total risk rated loans as of December 31, 2011. This improvement from 83.5% in 2010 contributed to the decrease in allowance allocations in 2011.

The following table presents a summary of delinquency status for home equity, residential mortgage, consumer, leasing and other and certain construction loans by class segment:
 Performing Delinquent (1) Non-performing (2) Total
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 (dollars in thousands)
Real estate - home equity$1,601,722
 $1,619,684
 $11,633
 $11,905
 $11,207
 $10,188
 $1,624,562
 $1,641,777
Real estate - residential mortgage1,043,733
 909,247
 37,123
 36,331
 16,336
 50,412
 1,097,192
 995,990
Real estate - construction - other49,593
 60,956
 2,341
 
 1,193
 2,893
 53,127
 63,849
Consumer - direct34,263
 45,942
 657
 935
 518
 212
 35,438
 47,089
Consumer - indirect151,112
 166,531
 2,437
 2,275
 183
 290
 153,732
 169,096
Consumer - other122,894
 129,911
 3,354
 2,413
 2,683
 1,652
 128,931
 133,976
Total consumer308,269
 342,384
 6,448
 5,623
 3,384
 2,154
 318,101
 350,161
Leasing and other and overdrafts70,550
 63,087
 1,049
 516
 107
 227
 71,706
 63,830
Total$3,073,867
 $2,995,358
 $58,594
 $54,375
 $32,227
 $65,874
 $3,164,688
 $3,115,607
                
% of Total97.1%
96.2%
1.9%
1.7%
1.0%
2.1%
100.0%
100.0%
(1)Includes all accruing loans 30 days to 89 days past due.
(2)Includes all accruing loans 90 days or more past due and all non-accrual loans.
As of December 31, 2011, non-performing loans in the above class segments decreased $33.6 million, or 51.1%, due largely to the sale of non-performing residential mortgages in December 2011.





34


The following table summarizes loan delinquencies as a percentage of loans, by portfolio segment, as of December 31:
 2011 2010
 
31-89
Days
 
≥90
Days
 Total 
31-89
Days
 
≥90
Days
 Total
Real estate – commercial mortgage0.56%
2.47%
3.03%
0.56%
2.14%
2.70%
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural0.41

2.23

2.64

0.36

2.36

2.72
Real estate – home equity0.72

0.69

1.41

0.73

0.62

1.35
Real estate – residential mortgage3.38

1.49

4.87

3.65

5.06

8.71
Real estate – construction1.55

9.87

11.42

0.91

10.56

11.47
Consumer2.03

1.06

3.09

1.61

0.61

2.22
Leasing and other and overdrafts1.46

0.15

1.61

0.81

0.35

1.16
Total0.89%
2.39%
3.28%
0.83%
2.76%
3.59%
 
















Total dollars (in thousands)$106,393

$286,528

$392,921

$99,330

$328,772

$428,102
The following table presents the aggregate amount of non-accrual and past due loans and OREO:

   December 31 
   2010   2009   2008   2007   2006 
   (in thousands) 

Non-accrual loans (1) (2) (3)

  $280,688    $238,360    $161,962    $76,150    $33,113  

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more (2)

   48,084     43,359     35,177     29,782     20,632  
                         

Total non-performing loans

   328,772     281,719     197,139     105,932     53,745  

OREO

   32,959     23,309     21,855     14,934     4,103  
                         

Total non-performing assets

  $361,731    $305,028    $218,994    $120,866    $57,848  
                         

 December 31
 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
 (in thousands)
Non-accrual loans (1) (2) (3)$257,761
 $280,688
 $238,360
 $161,962
 $76,150
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more (2)28,767
 48,084
 43,359
 35,177
 29,782
Total non-performing loans286,528
 328,772
 281,719
 197,139
 105,932
OREO30,803
 32,959
 23,309
 21,855
 14,934
Total non-performing assets$317,331
 $361,731
 $305,028
 $218,994
 $120,866
(1)

In 2010,2011, the total interest income that would have been recorded if non-accrual loans had been current in accordance with their original terms was approximately $20.3$17.3 million.The amount of interest income on non-accrual loans that was included in 20102011 income was approximately $2.2$2.5 million.

(2)

Accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal and interest. When interest accruals are discontinued, interest credited to income is reversed. Non-accrual loans may be restored to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest has been paid currently for six consecutive months or the loan is considered secured and in the process of collection. Certain loans, primarily adequately collateralized mortgage loans, may continue to accrue interest after reaching 90 days past due.

(3)

Excluded from the amounts presented as of December 31, 20102011 were $327.5$55.5 million inof loans, modified under troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), where possible credit problems of borrowers have caused management to have doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms. These loans were reviewed individually for impairment under the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards CodificationFASB ASC Section 310-10-35, but continue to accrue interest and are, therefore, not included in non-accrual loans. Non-accrualAll non-accrual loans include $246.1 millionas of impaired loans.

December 31, 2011 were reviewed for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35.

The following table presents loans whose terms were modified under troubled debt restructuringsTDRs as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate – residential mortgage

  $37,826    $24,639  

Real estate – commercial mortgage

   18,778     15,997  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   5,502     1,459  

Real estate – construction

   5,440     0  

Consumer

   263     0  
          

Total accruing troubled debt restructurings

   67,809     42,095  

Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings (1)

   51,175     15,875  
          

Total troubled debt restructurings

  $118,984    $57,970  
          

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Real estate – residential mortgage$32,331
 $37,826
Real estate – commercial mortgage22,425
 18,778
Real estate – construction7,645
 5,440
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural3,581
 5,502
Consumer193
 263
Total accruing TDRs66,175
 67,809
Non-accrual TDRs (1)32,587
 51,175
Total TDRs$98,762
 $118,984
(1)

Included within non-accrual loans in the preceding table. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings include $22.4 million and $2.9 million of loans that were modified after being placed on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.



35


The following table summarizes the Corporation’s non-performing loans, by type,portfolio segment, as of the indicated dates:

   December 31 
   2010   2009   2008   2007   2006 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate – commercial mortgage

  $93,720    $61,052    $41,745    $14,515    $8,776  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   87,455     69,604     40,294     27,715     21,706  

Real estate – construction

   84,616     92,841     80,083     30,927     13,385  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   50,412     45,748     26,304     25,774     7,085  

Real estate – home equity

   10,188     10,790     6,766     1,991     976  

Consumer

   2,154     1,529     1,608     2,750     1,817  

Leasing

   227     155     339     2,260     0  
                         

Total non-performing loans

  $328,772    $281,719    $197,139    $105,932    $53,745  
                         

 December 31
 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
 (in thousands)
Real estate – commercial mortgage$113,806
 $93,720
 $61,052
 $41,745
 $14,515
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural80,944
 87,455
 69,604
 40,294
 27,715
Real estate – construction60,744
 84,616
 92,841
 80,083
 30,927
Real estate – residential mortgage16,336
 50,412
 45,748
 26,304
 25,774
Real estate – home equity11,207
 10,188
 10,790
 6,766
 1,991
Consumer3,384
 2,154
 1,529
 1,608
 2,750
Leasing107
 227
 155
 339
 2,260
Total non-performing loans$286,528
 $328,772
 $281,719
 $197,139
 $105,932

Non-performing loans increased $47.1decreased $42.2 million, or 16.7%12.8%, to $328.8$286.5 million as of December 31, 2010.2011. The increase was primarilydecrease included a $34.1 million, or 67.6%, decrease in non-performing residential mortgages, largely due to a $32.7the sale of non-performing residential mortgages in December 2011. In addition, non-performing construction loans decreased $23.9 million, or 53.5%28.2%, and non-performing commercial loans decreased $6.5 million, or 7.4%. These decreases were partially offset by a $20.1 million, or 21.4%, increase in non-performing commercial mortgages, a $17.9mortgages.
Geographically, the $23.9 million decrease in non-performing construction loans was in the Corporation's Virginia ($15.0 million, or 25.6%,48.9%) and Maryland ($14.1 million, or 45.7%) markets, partially offset by an increase in the Pennsylvania ($5.3 million, or 78.8%) market. The $6.5 million decrease in non-performing commercial loans and a $4.7was in the Virginia ($8.9 million, or 10.2%, increase in non-performing residential mortgages,64.6%) and Pennsylvania ($1.3 million, or 2.6%) markets, partially offset by an $8.2increases in the New Jersey ($3.4 million, or 8.9%, decrease in non-performing construction loans.

24.2%) and Maryland ($1.3 million, or 15.0%) markets.

The increase in non-performing commercial mortgages and commercial loans was a result of the prolonged weak economic conditions continuing to put stress on business customers. Geographically, the $32.7$20.1 million increase in non-performing commercial mortgages was due to increasesan increase in the New Jersey ($11.813.2 million, or 36.5%30.1%), PennsylvaniaMaryland ($10.98.6 million, or 50.7%169.7%) and DelawareVirginia ($6.08.0 million, or 254.5%) markets. The $17.9 million increase in non-performing commercial loans was primarily in the Pennsylvania market. The $4.7 million increase in non-performing residential mortgages was primarily in the New Jersey market.

The $8.2 million decrease in non-performing construction loans was due to the $66.4 million of charge-offs recorded in 2010, partially offset by additions to non-accrual construction loans. Geographically, the decrease in non-performing construction loans was in the Maryland ($8.9 million, or 22.4%), Pennsylvania ($7.5 million, or 52.9%) and New Jersey ($4.5 million, or 22.3%203.6%) markets, partially offset by an increasedeclines in the VirginiaDelaware ($12.15.7 million, or 64.8%68.1%) market.

and Pennsylvania ($4.1 million, or 12.6%) markets.

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s OREO, by property type, as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial properties

  $15,916    $5,525  

Residential properties

   12,635     15,250  

Undeveloped land

   4,408     2,534  
          

Total OREO

  $32,959    $23,309  
          

The following table summarizes loan delinquency rates, by type, as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   31-89
Days
  ³ 90
Days
  Total  31-89
Days
  ³ 90
Days
  Total 

Real estate – construction

   0.91  10.56  11.47  0.70  9.43  10.13

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   0.36    2.36    2.72    0.63    1.88    2.51  

Real estate – commercial mortgage

   0.56    2.14    2.70    0.91    1.42    2.33  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   3.65    5.06    8.71    4.12    5.00    9.12  

Consumer, home equity, leasing and other

   0.88    0.61    1.49    1.12    0.60    1.72  
                         

Total

   0.83  2.76  3.59  1.09  2.35  3.44
                         

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Commercial properties$15,184
 $15,916
Residential properties10,499
 12,635
Undeveloped land5,120
 4,408
Total OREO$30,803
 $32,959

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses, by loan type:

  2010  2009  2008  2007  2006 
              (dollars in thousands)             
  Allowance  % of
Loans In
Each
Category
  Allowance  % of
Loans In
Each
Category
  Allowance  % of
Loans In
Each
Category
  Allowance  % of
Loans In
Each
Category
  Allowance  % of
Loans In
Each
Category
 

Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural

 $101,436    31.0%  $96,901    30.9 $66,147    30.2 $53,194    30.6 $52,942    28.6

Real estate - construction

  58,117    6.7    67,388    8.2    32,917    10.5    1,174    12.2    1,383    13.9  

Real estate - commercial mortgage

  40,831    36.8    32,257    35.9    42,402    33.4    31,542    31.0    34,606    30.9  

Real estate - residential mortgage

  17,425    8.3    13,704    7.7    7,158    8.1    2,868    7.6    1,208    6.7  

Consumer, Home Equity, Leasing & other

  14,963    17.2    13,620    17.3    8,167    17.8    8,142    18.6    6,475    19.9  

Unallocated

  41,499    N/A    32,828    N/A    17,155    N/A    10,627    N/A    10,270    N/A  
                                        
 $274,271    100.0%  $256,698    100.0 $173,946    100.0 $107,547    100.0 $106,884    100.0
                                        

 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
 Allowance % of
Loans In
Each
Category
 Allowance % of
Loans In
Each
Category
 Allowance % of
Loans In
Each
Category
 Allowance % of
Loans In
Each
Category
 Allowance % of
Loans In
Each
Category
Real estate - commercial mortgage$85,112
 38.5% $40,831
 36.8% $32,257
 35.9% $42,402
 33.4% $31,542
 31.0%
Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural74,896
 30.4
 101,436
 31.0
 96,901
 30.9
 66,147
 30.2
 53,194
 30.6
Real estate - construction30,066
 5.1
 58,117
 6.7
 67,388
 8.2
 32,917
 10.5
 1,174
 12.2
Real estate - residential mortgage22,986
 9.2
 17,425
 8.3
 13,704
 7.7
 7,158
 8.1
 2,868
 7.6
Consumer, home equity, leasing & other17,321
 16.8
 14,963
 17.2
 13,620
 17.3
 8,167
 17.8
 8,142
 18.6
Unallocated26,090
 N/A
 41,499
 N/A
 32,828
 N/A
 17,155
 N/A
 10,627
 N/A
 $256,471
 100.0% $274,271
 100.0% $256,698
 100.0% $173,946
 100.0% $107,547
 100.0%
N/A – Not applicable.

The provision for credit losses is determined by


36


Management believes that the allowance allocation process, whereby an estimated need is allocated to impaired loans, as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) Section 310-10-35, or to poolsfor loan losses balance of loans under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20. The allocation is based on risk factors, collateral levels, economic conditions and other relevant factors, as appropriate. The Corporation also maintains an unallocated allowance for factors or conditions that exist at the balance sheet date, but are not specifically identifiable. Management believes such an unallocated allowance, which was approximately 15%$256.5 million as of December 31, 2010,2011 is reasonable and appropriate as the estimates usedsufficient to cover losses inherent in the allocation process are inherently imprecise.loan portfolio. See additional disclosures in Note A, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,”Policies” and Note D, "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Critical Accounting Policies,” in Management’s Discussion. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses balance of $274.3 million as of December 31, 2010 is sufficient to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio.


Other Income and Expenses

2010

2011 vs. 2009

2010

Other Income

The following table presents the components of other income for the past two years:

           Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Overdraft fees

  $35,612    $35,964    $(352  (1.0%) 

Cash management fees

   9,775     11,399     (1,624  (14.2

Other

   13,205     13,087     118    0.9  
                   

Service charges on deposit accounts

   58,592     60,450     (1,858  (3.1

Debit card income

   15,870     13,148     2,722    20.7  

Merchant fees

   8,509     7,476     1,033    13.8  

Foreign currency processing income

   8,193     6,573     1,620    24.6  

Letter of credit fees

   5,364     6,387     (1,023  (16.0

Other

   7,087     6,841     246    3.6  
                   

Other service charges and fees

   45,023     40,425     4,598    11.4  

Investment management and trust services

   34,173     32,076     2,097    6.5  

Mortgage banking income

   29,304     25,061     4,243    16.9  

Credit card income

   6,115     5,472     643    11.8  

Gains on sales of OREO

   2,582     1,925     657    34.1  

Other income

   8,412     9,372     (960  (10.2
                   

Total, excluding investment securities gains

   184,201     174,781     9,420    5.4  

Investment securities gains

   701     1,079     (378  (35.0
                   

Total

  $184,902    $175,860    $9,042    5.1
                   

     Increase (decrease)
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Overdraft fees$32,062
 $35,612
 $(3,550) (10.0)%
Cash management fees10,590
 9,775
 815
 8.3
Other15,426
 13,205
 2,221
 16.8
Service charges on deposit accounts58,078
 58,592
 (514) (0.9)
Debit card income15,535
 15,870
 (335) (2.1)
Merchant fees10,126
 8,509
 1,617
 19.0
Foreign currency processing income9,400
 8,193
 1,207
 14.7
Letter of credit fees5,038
 5,364
 (326) (6.1)
Other7,383
 7,087
 296
 4.2
Other service charges and fees47,482
 45,023
 2,459
 5.5
Investment management and trust services36,483
 34,173
 2,310
 6.8
Mortgage banking income25,674
 29,304
 (3,630) (12.4)
Credit card income7,004
 6,115
 889
 14.5
Other income8,445
 8,412
 33
 0.4
Total, excluding investment securities gains183,166
 181,619
 1,547
 0.9
Investment securities gains4,561
 701
 3,860
 550.6
Total$187,727
 $182,320
 $5,407
 3.0 %

The $3.6 million, or 10.0%, decrease in overdraft fees was a result of changes in regulations which took effect in August of 2010, which require customers to affirmatively consent to the payment of certain types of overdrafts.The $815,000, or 8.3%, increase in cash management fees was primarily due to an increase in certain fees which were implemented in 2011. Other service charges on deposit accounts increased $2.2 million, or 16.8%, primarily due to the implementation of fee structure changes for certain products that occurred in 2011, and partially due to an increase in demand and savings account balances.
The $335,000, or 2.1%, decrease in debit card income was due to new Federal Reserve pricing rules that became effective on October 1, 2011 which established maximum interchange fees an issuer can charge on debit card transactions, partially offset by volume growth. The $1.6 million, or 19.0%, increase in merchant fees and the $1.2 million, or 14.7%, increase in foreign currency processing income were both due to increases in transaction volumes.
The $2.3 million, or 6.8%, increase in investment management and trust services was due primarily to a $1.5 million, or 12.0%, increase in brokerage revenue and a $534,000, or 2.5%, increase in trust commissions. These increases resulted from the Corporation's expanded focus on generating recurring revenue in the brokerage business, increased sales of new trust business, and an improvement in the market values of existing assets under management.

Mortgage banking income decreased $3.6 million, or 12.4%. During 2010, the Corporation recorded $3.3 million of mortgage sale gains resulting from a change in its methodology for determining the fair value of its commitments to originate fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for sale, also referred to as interest rate locks. See Note A, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. Adjusting for the impact of this change, mortgage banking income decreased $2.2 million, or 7.8%, due to a decrease in volumes, partially offset by an increase in pricing spreads. Total loans sold in 2011 were $1.2 billion, compared to $1.6 billion of loans sold in 2010. The $361.8 million, or 23.2%, decrease in loans sold was due to a decrease in refinance volumes. Refinances accounted for 54% of sale volumes in 2011, compared to 60% in 2010. Mortgage sales volumes and related gains were also impacted by the decision to retain certain 10 and 15 year fixed rate mortgages in portfolio.

37


The $889,000, or 14.5%, increase in credit card income was primarily due to an increase in transactions and interest on credit cards previously originated, which generate fees under a joint marketing agreement with an independent third party.
Investment securities gains of $4.6 million for 2011 included $7.5 million of net gains on the sales of securities, partially offset by other-than-temporary impairment charges of $2.9 million. During 2011, the Corporation recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $1.4 million for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions, $1.2 million for financial institutions stocks and $292,000 for auction rate securities. The $701,000 of investment securities gains for 2010 resulted from $14.7 million of net gains on the sales of securities, partially offset by other-than-temporary impairment charges of $12.0 million for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and $2.0 million for financial institutions stocks. See Note C, “Investment Securities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
Other Expenses
The following table presents the components of other expenses for each of the past two years:
     Increase (decrease)
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits$227,435
 $216,487
 $10,948
 5.1 %
Net occupancy expense44,003
 43,533
 470
 1.1
FDIC insurance expense14,480
 19,715
 (5,235) (26.6)
Data processing13,541
 13,263
 278
 2.1
Equipment expense12,870
 11,692
 1,178
 10.1
Professional fees12,159
 11,523
 636
 5.5
Marketing9,667
 11,163
 (1,496) (13.4)
OREO and repossession expense8,366
 7,441
 925
 12.4
Telecommunications8,119
 8,543
 (424) (5.0)
Supplies5,507
 5,633
 (126) (2.2)
Postage5,065
 5,306
 (241) (4.5)
Intangible amortization4,257
 5,240
 (983) (18.8)
Operating risk loss1,328
 3,025
 (1,697) (56.1)
Other49,679
 45,761
 3,918
 8.6
Total$416,476
 $408,325
 $8,151
 2.0 %

Salaries and employee benefits increased $10.9 million, or 5.1%, with salaries increasing $11.4 million, or 6.4%, and employee benefits decreasing $405,000, or 1.1%. The increase in salaries expense was largely due to annual merit increases in 2011,a $2.2 million increase in stock based compensation expenseand a $2.2 million increase in incentive compensation expense.
The decrease in employee benefits was primarily due to a $329,000 decrease in defined benefit pension plan expense and a $262,000 decrease in profit sharing expense, partially offset by an increase in severance expense.
The $5.2 million, or 26.6%, decrease in FDIC insurance expense was primarily due to a change in the assessment base, which effective April 1, 2011, was based on total average assets minus average tangible equity, as compared to the previous assessment calculation, which was based on average domestic deposits.
The $1.2 million, or 10.1%, increase in equipment expense was largely due to a $700,000, or 9.6%, increase in depreciation expense, primarily related to the addition of assets supporting the Corporation's information technology infrastructure, and increased maintenance costs.The $636,000, or 5.5%, increase in professional fees was due to increased legal costs associated with the collection and workout efforts for non-performing loans, in addition to an increase in regulatory fees. The $1.5 million, or 13.4%, decrease in marketing expenses was due to efforts to control expenditures and the timing of promotional campaigns in 2011. The $925,000, or 12.4%, increase in OREO and repossession expense was due to increased costs associated with the repossession of foreclosed assets, partially offset by a net increase in gains on sales of OREO. Total net gains on sales of OREO were $762,000 in 2011 compared to net losses of $452,000 in 2010. OREO and repossession expense is expected to be volatile as the Corporation continues to work through repossessed real estate.
The $983,000, or 18.8%, decrease in intangible amortization was due to certain core deposit intangible assets becoming fully amortized during 2011. The $1.7 million, or 56.1%, decrease in operating risk loss was primarily due to a $1.1 million reduction in accruals for potential repurchases of previously sold residential mortgage and home equity loans.

38


The $3.9 million, or 8.6%, increase in other expenses included a $1.0 million increase in software maintenance costs. In mid-2010, the Corporation entered into a three-year desktop software licensing agreement, thereby resulting in a full-year of costs for this maintenance agreement in 2011 compared to a partial year impact in 2010. Also contributing to the increase in other expenses was a $528,000 increase in merchant and debit cardholder assessment fees,a $448,000 increase in losses on the sale of fixed assets, $296,000 of consulting services related to the Corporation's planned core technology platform upgrade and a $300,000 loss upon redemption of a junior subordinated deferrable interest debenture in 2011.
2010 vs. 2009
Other Income
Other income for 2010 increased $8.4 million, or 4.8%, in comparison to 2009. Excluding investment securities gains and losses, other income increased $8.8 million, or 5.1%.

Service charges on deposit accounts decreased $1.9 million, or 3.1%, due primarily to a $1.6 million, or 14.2%, decrease in cash management fees and a $352,000, or 1.0%, decrease in overdraft fees. The decrease in cash management fees was a result of customers transferring funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment. Average cash management balances decreased 14.7% in 2010 in comparison to 2009. The $352,000, or 1.0%, decrease in overdraft fees was a result of newly enacted regulations which took effect in August of 2010 whichthat require customers to affirmatively consent to the payment of certain types of overdrafts. Partially offsetting the effect of these regulations was growth in fees largely due to an increase in transaction volumes. The $1.6
Other service charges and fees increased $4.6 million, or 14.2%11.4%, decrease in cash management fees was due to customers transferring funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment. Average cash management balances decreased 14.7% in 2010 in comparison to 2009.

Theincluding a $2.7 million, or 20.7%, increase in debit card income, reflectedwhich was partially due to an increase in transaction volumes and partially due partially to the introduction of a new rewards points program in 2010. The Federal Reserve recently issued proposed pricing guidelines regarding interchange income on certain debit card transactions. In 2010,Also contributing to the Corporation’s debit card interchange income that would be subject to these regulations totaled $15.9 million. If the regulations are enacted as proposed, this interchange income would decline by approximately $9.7 millionincrease in 2011.

Theother service charges and fees was a $1.0 million, or 13.8%, increase in merchant fees and thea $1.6 million, or 24.6%, increase in foreign currency processing income, were both due to increases in transaction volumes. The Corporation’s Fulton Bank, N.A. subsidiary has a foreign currency payment processing division that has achieved significant growth over the past two years, contributing to the increase in foreign currency processing income. TheThese increases in other service charges and fees were partially offset by a $1.0 million, or 16.0%, decrease in letter of credit fees, which was due to a decrease in the balance of letters of credit outstanding from $588.7 million at December 31, 2009 to $520.5 million at December 31, 2010.

The

Investment management and trust services increased $2.1 million, or 6.5%, increase in investment management and trust services was due primarily to a $2.8 million, or 28.2%, increase in brokerage revenue, partially offset by a $716,000, or 3.2%, decrease in trust commissions. Throughout 2009, the Corporation expanded its brokerage operations by adding to its sales staff and transitioning from a transaction-based revenue model to a relationship-based model, which generates fees based on the values of assets under management rather than transaction volume. In 2010, the effect of these fully-implemented changes resulted in a positive impact to brokerage revenue.

The


Mortgage banking income increased $4.2 million, increase in mortgage banking incomeor 16.9%, which included a $4.9 million increase in gains on sales of mortgage loans, offset by a $631,000 decrease in mortgage servicing income. During 2010, the Corporation recorded a $3.3 million increase to mortgage banking income resulting from a correction of its methodology for determining the fair value of its commitments to originate fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for sale, also referred to as interest rate locks. See Note A, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. Adjusting for the impact of this change, mortgage banking income increased $2.3 million, or 9.1%, due to an increase in the marginsspread on loans sold in 2010, partially offset by lower sales volumes. Total loans sold in 2010 were $1.6 billion, compared to $2.1 billion of loans sold in 2009. The $571.2 million, or 26.8%, decrease in loans sold was due to a decrease in refinance volumes. Refinances accounted for 60% of sale volumes in 2010, compared to 70% in 2009. The decrease in mortgage servicing income was due to a $550,000 increase to the mortgage servicing rights valuation allowance as expected prepayment speeds increased during the year.

The

Credit card income increased $643,000, or 11.8%, increase in credit card income was primarily due to an increase of transactions on credit cards previously originated and new card account originations, which generate fees under a joint marketing agreement with an independent third party. Total gains on sales of OREO were approximately $2.6 million in 2010, a $657,000, or 34.1%, increase from 2009. This increase was due to an increase in gains on properties sold, despite a decrease in the number of properties sold. TheOther income decreased $960,000, or 10.2%, decrease in other income was primarily due to a decrease in title search fee income, as a result of lower volumes of residential mortgage loans originated.

Investment securities gains of $701,000 for 2010 included $14.7 million of net gains on the sales of securities, partially offset by other-than-temporary impairment charges of $14.0 million. During 2010, the Corporation recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $12.0 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and $2.0 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for financial institutions stocks. The $1.1 million of investment securities gains for 2009 resulted from $14.5 million of net gains on sales of debt securities, partially offset by $9.5 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and $3.8 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for financial institutions stocks. See Note C, “Investment Securities”

39


Other Expenses
Other expenses decreased $7.2 million, or 1.7%, in the Notescomparison to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.

Other Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses for each of the past two years:

           Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Salaries and employee benefits

  $216,487    $218,812    $(2,325  (1.1%) 

Net occupancy expense

   43,533     42,040     1,493    3.6  

FDIC insurance premiums

   19,715     26,579     (6,864  (25.8

Data processing

   13,263     14,432     (1,169  (8.1

Equipment expense

   11,692     12,820     (1,128  (8.8

Professional fees

   11,523     9,099     2,424    26.6  

Marketing

   11,163     8,915     2,248    25.2  

OREO and repossession expenses

   10,023     8,866     1,157    13.0  

Telecommunications

   8,543     8,608     (65  (0.8

Supplies

   5,633     5,637     (4  (0.1

Postage

   5,306     5,292     14    0.3  

Intangible amortization

   5,240     5,747     (507  (8.8

Operating risk loss

   3,025     7,550     (4,525  (59.9

Other

   45,761     43,065     2,696    6.3  
                   

Total

  $410,907    $417,462    $(6,555  (1.6%) 
                   

2009.


Salaries and employee benefits decreased $2.3 million, or 1.1%, with salaries increasing $210,000, or 0.1%, and employee benefits decreasing $2.5 million, or 6.2%. The moderate increase in salaries expense was due to the ending of a 12-month freeze on merit increases in March 2010, which was largely offset by a 2.0% decrease in average full-time equivalent employees, from approximately 3,600 in 2009 to approximately 3,530 in 2010, and an $813,000 decrease in incentive compensation expenses.

The decrease in employee benefits was primarily due to a $2.2 million decrease in healthcare claims costs due in part to a change in employee deductibles, a $932,000 decrease in defined benefit pension plan expense due to a higher return on plan assets and a

decrease in severance expense, primarily due to $808,000 of severance expense recorded in 2009 related to the consolidation of the Corporation’s Columbia Bank subsidiary’s back office functions. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in accruals for compensated absences.

The

Net occupancy expense increased $1.5 million, or 3.6%, increase in net occupancy expense was due to higher maintenance expense, primarily snow removal and utilities costs. TheFDIC insurance expense decreased $6.9 million, or 25.8%, decrease in FDIC insurance expense was due to the impact of the $7.7 million special assessment recorded in 2009 and the Corporation opting out of the Transaction Account Guarantee program in mid-year 2010. The impact of these decreases was partially offset by an increase in FDIC assessment rates.

The

Data processing expense decreased $1.2 million, or 8.1%, decrease in data processing expense was primarily due to savings realized from the consolidation of back office functions of the Corporation’s Columbia Bank subsidiary during 2009. TheEquipment expense decreased $1.1 million, or 8.8%, decrease in equipment expense was largely due to a decrease in depreciation expense and an increase in certain vendor rebates in 2010. TheProfessional fees increased $2.4 million, or 26.6%, increase in professional fees was due to increased legal costs associated with the collection and workout efforts for non-performing loans, in addition to an increase in regulatory fees. TheMarketing expenses increased $2.2 million, or 25.2%, increase in marketing expenses was due to new promotional campaigns initiated in 2010. The $1.2 million, or 13.0%, increase in OREO and repossession expense wasincreased $500,000, or 7.2%, due primarily to increased costs associated with the repossession of foreclosed assets and a net increase in provisions and net losses on sales of OREO. Total losses on sales of OREO were approximately $3.0 million in 2010. Combined with net gains on sales of OREO of $2.6 million, realized in other income, net losses on sales were approximately $450,000.

The

Operating risk loss decreased $4.5 million, or 59.9%, decrease in operating risk loss was due a $6.2 million charge recorded in 2009 related to the Corporation’s commitment to purchase illiquid ARCsauction rate securities from customer accounts. The Corporation did not record any charges related to this guarantee in 2010 as all remaining customer ARCsauction rate securities were purchased during 2009. Partially offsetting this increase was the effect of $600,000 of credits, recorded in 2009, related to a reduction in the Corporation’s accrual for potential repurchases of previously sold residential mortgage and home equity loans.

The

Other expenses increased $2.7 million, or 6.3%, increase in other expenseswhich included a $1.1 million increase in software maintenance costs, mainly due to upgrades in desktop software for virtually all employees, an $809,000 increase in student loan lender expense as a result of the low interest rate environment and a $376,000 increase in provision for debit card rewards points earned.

2009 vs. 2008

Other

Income

Other income Taxes

Income tax expense for 2009 increased $61.92011 was $50.8 million, an increase of $6.4 million, or 54.4%14.5%, in comparison to 2008. Excluding investment security gains and losses and the $13.9 million gain on the sale of the Corporation’s credit card portfolio in 2008, other income increased $16.6 million, or 10.5%.

Service charges on deposit accounts decreased $1.2 million, or 1.9%, due to a $1.9 million, or 14.1%, decrease in cash management fees, as customers transferred funds from the cash management program to deposits due to the low interest rate environment, offset by a $640,000, or 1.8%, increase in overdraft fees. Other service charges and fees increased $1.3 million, or 3.4%, due to a $1.6 million, or 13.6%, increase in debit card fees as transaction volumes increased.

Mortgage banking income increased $14.4 million, or 135.8%, due to an increase in gains on sales of mortgage loans resulting from an increase in the volume of loans sold from $648.1 million in 2008 to $2.1 billion in 2009. The $1.5 billion, or 229.0%, increase in loans sold was mainly due to an increase in refinance activity, as mortgage rates dropped to historic lows. Refinances accounted for approximately 70% of sales volumes in 2009, compared to approximately 43% in 2008. Also contributing to the increase in mortgage banking income was a $1.0 million mortgage servicing rights impairment charge recorded in 2008.

Credit card income increased $1.9 million, or 52.6%, primarily due to twelve months of revenue being earned in 2009 compared to less than nine months earned during 2008, as the Corporation’s agreement with the purchaser of the credit card portfolio was executed during the second quarter of 2008. The $1.2 million, or 183.5%, increase in gains on sales of OREO was due to an increase in the number of properties sold in 2009.

Investment securities gains of $1.1 million for 2009 included $14.5 million of net gains on the sales of debt securities, partially offset by other-than-temporary impairment charges of $13.4 million. During 2009, the Corporation recorded $9.5 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and $3.8 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for financial institutions stocks. The $58.2 million of investment securities losses for 2008 were

primarily a result of $43.1 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for financial institutions stocks and $15.8 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges for pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions.

Other Expenses

Other expenses for 2009 decreased $82.0 million, or 16.4%, in comparison to 2008, due to a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2008. Excluding the 2008 goodwill impairment charge, other expenses increased $8.0 million, or 2.0%.

Salaries and employee benefits increased $5.3 million, or 2.5%, with salaries increasing $2.4 million, or 1.4%, and benefits increasing $2.9 million, or 7.5%. The increase in salaries was due to a $2.2 million increase in incentive compensation expense for subsidiary bank management. Although merit increases were suspended as of March 2009, the remaining increase in salary expense reflects the 2009 impact of merit increases granted prior to the salary freeze. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in average full-time equivalent employees from 3,660 in 2008 to 3,600 in 2009.

The increase in employee benefits was primarily due to a $1.8 million, or 9.2%, increase in healthcare costs as claims increased, a $1.9 million increase in defined benefit pension plan expense due to a lower return on plan assets and $1.1 million in severance expense primarily related to the consolidation of back office functions at the Corporation’s Columbia Bank subsidiary. These increases were offset by a $962,000 decrease in accruals for compensated absences and a $602,000 decrease in postretirement plan expense due to a reduction in benefits covered.

FDIC insurance expense increased $22.0 million, or 482.6%, due to a $7.7 million special assessment in 2009, in addition to an increase in assessment rates, which were effective January 1, 2009. Gross FDIC insurance premiums for 2009, excluding the special assessment, were $18.8 million before applying $114,000 of one-time credits. For 2008, gross FDIC insurance premiums were $7.0 million, before applying $2.4 million of one-time credits.

In November 2009, the FDIC issued a ruling requiring financial institutions to prepay their estimated quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009 and for all of 2010, 2011 and 2012. As a result, the Corporation pre-paid $70.2 million of FDIC insurance assessments in the fourth quarter of 2009.

Data processing expense decreased $1.2 million, or 7.8%, due to savings realized from the consolidation of back office functions at the Corporation’s Columbia Bank subsidiary, as well as reductions in costs for certain renegotiated vendor contracts. Professional fees increased $1.5 million, or 19.4%, primarily due to increased legal costs associated with the collection and workout efforts for non-performing loans. Marketing expenses decreased $4.4 million, or 32.8%, due to an effort to reduce discretionary spending and the timing of promotional campaigns. OREO and repossession expenses increased $2.6 million, or 41.4%, due to an increase in foreclosures. Intangible amortization decreased $1.4 million, or 19.8%, realized mainly in core deposit intangible assets, which are amortized on an accelerated basis, with lower expense in later years.

Operating risk loss decreased $16.8 million, or 68.9%, due to a $13.6 million reduction in charges related to the Corporation’s commitment to purchase ARCs from customer accounts and a $2.9 million decrease in losses on the actual and potential repurchase of residential mortgage and home equity loans previously sold in the secondary market.

Other expenses increased $985,000, or 2.3%, including a $1.9 million increase in student loan lender expense and the impact of a $1.4 million reversal of litigation reserves in 2008 associated with the Corporation’s share of indemnification liabilities with Visa. Offsetting these increases was a $1.7 million decrease in consulting fees, due primarily to certain information technology initiatives in 2008 that did not recur in 2009, and a $1.1 million decrease in travel and entertainment expense, due to efforts to reduce discretionary spending.

Income Taxes

2010. Income tax expense for 2010 was $44.4 million, an increase ofincreased $29.0 million, or 188.2%, from 2009. Income tax expense for 2009 decreased $9.2 million, or 37.3%, from 2008. The Corporation’s effective tax rate (income taxes divided by income before income taxes) was 25.7%25.9%, 25.7% and 17.2% in 2011, 2010 and 129.6% in 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2008 was significantly impacted by a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2008, which was not deductible for income tax purposes. Excluding the impact of the goodwill charge, the Corporation’s effective tax rate for 2008 was 22.6%.

The Corporation’s effective tax rates are generally lower than the 35% Federal statutory rate due to investments in tax-free municipal securities and Federal tax credits earned from investments in low and moderate-income housing partnerships (LIHthat generate such credits under various federal programs (Tax Credit Investments). Net credits associated with LIH investmentsTax Credit Investments were $8.5 million, $5.7 million and $4.7 million in 2011, 2010 and $3.9 million in 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively.

The effective rate for 2010 is higher than 2009 due to non-taxable income and tax credits having a smaller impact on the effective tax rate due to the higher level of income before income taxes in 2010.

For additional information regarding income taxes, see Note K, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.







40


FINANCIAL CONDITION

The table below presents condensed consolidated ending balance sheets for the Corporation.

   December 31   Increase (decrease) 
   2010   2009   $  % 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Assets:

       

Cash and due from banks

  $198,954    $284,508    $(85,554  (30.1%) 

Other earning assets

   117,237     101,975     15,262    15.0  

Investment securities

   2,861,484     3,267,086     (405,602  (12.4

Loans, net of allowance

   11,659,036     11,715,726     (56,690  (0.5

Premises and equipment

   208,016     204,203     3,813    1.9  

Goodwill and intangible assets

   547,979     552,563     (4,584  (0.8

Other assets

   682,548     509,574     172,974    33.9  
                   

Total Assets

  $16,275,254    $16,635,635    $(360,381  (2.2%) 
                   

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:

       

Deposits

  $12,388,581    $12,097,914    $290,667    2.4

Short-term borrowings

   674,077     868,940     (194,863  (22.4

Long-term debt

   1,119,450     1,540,773     (421,323  (27.3

Other liabilities

   212,757     191,526     21,231    11.1  
                   

Total Liabilities

   14,394,865     14,699,153     (304,288  (2.1
                   

Preferred stock

   0     370,290     (370,290  (100.0

Common shareholders’ equity

   1,880,389     1,566,192     314,197    20.1  
                   

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   1,880,389     1,936,482     (56,093  (2.9
                   

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

  $16,275,254    $16,635,635    $(360,381  (2.2%) 
                   

Total assets decreased $360.4 million, or 2.2%, to $16.3 billion as of December 31, 2010, from $16.6 billion as of December 31, 2009. Decreases in investment securities and loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, were partially offset by an increase in other assets. Total liabilities decreased $304.3 million, or 2.1%, due to a decrease in borrowings, partially offset by an increase in deposits.

During 2010, soft loan demand and a lack of attractive investment alternatives resulting from the low interest rate environment prevented the Corporation from effectively utilizing funds generated by the maturities of investment securities and deposit growth. As a result, excess funds were used to reduce wholesale funding in the form of short and long-term borrowings. The discussion that follows provides more details on the changes in specific balance sheet line items.

 December 31 Increase (decrease)
 2011 2010 $ %
 (dollars in thousands)
Assets:       
Cash and due from banks$292,598
 $198,954
 $93,644
 47.1 %
Other earning assets222,345
 117,237
 105,108
 89.7
Investment securities2,679,967
 2,861,484
 (181,517) (6.3)
Loans, net of allowance11,712,499
 11,659,036
 53,463
 0.5
Premises and equipment212,274
 208,016
 4,258
 2.0
Goodwill and intangible assets544,209
 547,979
 (3,770) (0.7)
Other assets706,616
 682,548
 24,068
 3.5
Total Assets$16,370,508
 $16,275,254
 $95,254
 0.6 %
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:       
Deposits$12,525,739
 $12,388,581
 $137,158
 1.1 %
Short-term borrowings597,033
 674,077
 (77,044) (11.4)
Long-term debt1,040,149
 1,119,450
 (79,301) (7.1)
Other liabilities215,048
 212,757
 2,291
 1.1
Total Liabilities14,377,969
 14,394,865
 (16,896) (0.1)
Total Shareholders’ Equity1,992,539
 1,880,389
 112,150
 6.0
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity$16,370,508
 $16,275,254
 $95,254
 0.6 %

Investment Securities

The following table presents the carrying amount of investment securities held to maturity (HTM) and available for sale (AFS) as of the dates shown:

   December 31 
   2010   2009   2008 
   HTM   AFS   Total   HTM   AFS   Total   HTM   AFS   Total 
   (in thousands) 

U.S. Government securities

  $0    $1,649    $1,649    $0    $1,325    $1,325    $0    $14,628    $14,628  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

   6,339     5,058     11,397     6,713     91,956     98,669     6,782     77,002     83,784  

State and municipal

   346     349,563     349,909     503     415,773     416,276     825     523,536     524,361  

Corporate debt securities

   0     124,786     124,786     0     116,739     116,739     25     119,894     119,919  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   0     1,104,058     1,104,058     0     1,122,996     1,122,996     0     504,193     504,193  

Mortgage-backed securities

   1,066     871,472     872,538     1,484     1,080,024     1,081,508     2,004     1,141,351     1,143,355  

Auction rate securities

   0     260,679     260,679     0     289,203     289,203     0     195,900     195,900  
                                             

Total debt securities

   7,751     2,717,265     2,725,016     8,700     3,118,016     3,126,716     9,636     2,576,504     2,586,140  

Equity securities

   0     136,468     136,468     0     140,370     140,370     0     138,701     138,701  
                                             

Total

  $7,751    $2,853,733    $2,861,484    $8,700    $3,258,386    $3,267,086    $9,636    $2,715,205    $2,724,841  
                                             

 December 31
 2011 2010 2009
 HTM AFS Total HTM AFS Total HTM AFS Total
 (in thousands)
U.S. Government securities$
 $334
 $334
 $
 $1,649
 $1,649
 $
 $1,325
 $1,325
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities5,987
 4,073
 10,060
 6,339
 5,058
 11,397
 6,713
 91,956
 98,669
State and municipal179
 322,018
 322,197
 346
 349,563
 349,909
 503
 415,773
 416,276
Corporate debt securities
 123,306
 123,306
 
 124,786
 124,786
 
 116,739
 116,739
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 1,001,209
 1,001,209
 
 1,104,058
 1,104,058
 
 1,122,996
 1,122,996
Mortgage-backed securities503
 880,097
 880,600
 1,066
 871,472
 872,538
 1,484
 1,080,024
 1,081,508
Auction rate securities
 225,211
 225,211
 
 260,679
 260,679
 
 289,203
 289,203
Total debt securities6,669
 2,556,248
 2,562,917
 7,751
 2,717,265
 2,725,016
 8,700
 3,118,016
 3,126,716
Equity securities
 117,050
 117,050
 
 136,468
 136,468
 
 140,370
 140,370
Total$6,669
 $2,673,298
 $2,679,967
 $7,751
 $2,853,733
 $2,861,484
 $8,700
 $3,258,386
 $3,267,086
Total investment securities decreased $405.6$181.5 million, or 12.4%6.3%, to $2.9$2.7 billion at December 31, 2010.2011. During 2010,2011, proceeds from the sales and maturities of collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities were not fully reinvested in the investment portfolio due to fewless attractive investment options in the low rate environment in existence for most of 2010.

environment.

The Corporation classified 99.7%99.8% of its investment portfolio as available for sale as of December 31, 20102011 and, as such, these

41


investments were recorded at their estimated fair values. The net unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities at December 31, 2010 was $30.8 million, compared to a net unrealized gain of $25.6$40.1 million as of December 31, 2009.2011, compared to $30.8 million as of December 31, 2010. During 2010,2011, improvements in the fair values of state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities and corporate debt securities mainly as a result of unrealized losses on pooled trust preferred securities being realized through other-than-temporary impairment charges recorded in 2010, were partially offset by a decreasedecreases in holding gains on collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backedthe fair values of auction rate securities and an increase in holding losses on ARCs.

equity securities.

Loans

The following table presents loans outstanding, by type, as of the dates shown:

   December 31 
   2010  2009  2008  2007  2006 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate – commercial mortgage

  $4,375,980   $4,292,300   $4,016,700   $3,480,958   $3,202,706  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   3,704,384    3,699,198    3,635,544    3,427,085    2,965,186  

Real estate – home equity

   1,641,777    1,644,260    1,695,398    1,501,231    1,455,439  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   995,990    921,741    972,797    848,901    696,568  

Real estate – construction

   801,185    978,267    1,269,330    1,366,923    1,440,180  

Consumer

   350,161    360,698    365,692    500,708    523,066  

Leasing and other

   71,028    83,675    97,687    89,383    100,711  
                     

Gross loans

   11,940,505    11,980,139    12,053,148    11,215,189    10,383,856  

Unearned income

   (7,198  (7,715  (10,528  (10,765  (9,533
                     

Loans, net of unearned income

  $11,933,307   $11,972,424   $12,042,620   $11,204,424   $10,374,323  
                     

 December 31
 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
 (in thousands)
Real estate – commercial mortgage$4,602,596
 $4,375,980
 $4,292,300
 $4,016,700
 $3,480,958
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural3,639,368
 3,704,384
 3,699,198
 3,635,544
 3,427,085
Real estate – home equity1,624,562
 1,641,777
 1,644,260
 1,695,398
 1,501,231
Real estate – residential mortgage1,097,192
 995,990
 921,741
 972,797
 848,901
Real estate – construction615,445
 801,185
 978,267
 1,269,330
 1,366,923
Consumer318,101
 350,161
 360,698
 365,692
 500,708
Leasing and other78,700
 71,028
 83,675
 97,687
 89,383
Gross loans11,975,964
 11,940,505
 11,980,139
 12,053,148
 11,215,189
Unearned income(6,994) (7,198) (7,715) (10,528) (10,765)
Loans, net of unearned income$11,968,970
 $11,933,307
 $11,972,424
 $12,042,620
 $11,204,424

Total loans, net of unearned income, decreased $39.1increased $35.7 million, or 0.3%, mainly due to a combination of lowerslightly improved demand, and continuing efforts to manage credit exposures. Construction loans decreased $177.1particularly within the commercial mortgage portfolio, which increased $226.6 million, or 18.1%, due5.2%. Also contributing to efforts by the Corporation to reduce

credit exposureincrease in this sector, and $66.4 million in construction loan charge-offs during 2010. Offsetting this decreaseloans was an $83.7a $101.2 million, or 1.9%, increase in commercial mortgages and a $74.2 million, or 8.1%10.2%, increase in residential mortgages.

During 2010, continued weak economic conditions hampered overall commercial loan and commercial mortgage loan growth. The increase in residential mortgages, which was largely due toa result of the Corporation’sCorporation's retention in portfolio of certain 10 and 15 year fixed rate mortgages and certain adjustable rate mortgages with longer initial repricing terms. The majorityrather than being sold in the secondary market.These increases were offset by a $185.7 million, or 23.2%, decrease in construction loans, due to a combination of these loans were underwritten to the standards requiredweak demand for sale to third-party investors, however,new residential housing and continuing efforts by the Corporation elected to retain themreduce its exposure within this sector, specifically in portfolioits Maryland, New Jersey and Virginia markets. Commercial loans also decreased $65.0 million, or 1.8%, mostly due to partially mitigate the impacta by-product of slow economic growth. Consumer loans decreased $32.1 million, or 9.2%, due to a $16.7 million decrease in interest-earning assets.

direct consumer loans and a $15.4 million decrease in the indirect automobile loan portfolio.

Approximately $5.2 billion, or 43.4%43.6%, of the Corporation’s loan portfolio was in commercial mortgage and construction loans as of December 31, 2010.2011. The Corporation does not have a concentration of credit risk with any single borrower, industry or geographical location. However, the performance of real estate markets and general economic conditions adversely impacted the performance of these loans throughout 2010.

2011.

Other Assets

Cash and due from banks decreased $85.6increased $93.6 million, or 30.1%47.1%. Because of the daily fluctuations that result in the normal course of business, cash is more appropriately analyzed in terms of average balances. On an average balance basis for the month of December, cash and due from banks increased $31.4 million, or 12.7%, as balances on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank, totaling $73.2from $247.6 million at December 31, 2009, were reclassifiedin 2010 to interest-bearing deposits during 2010.

$279.0 million in 2011.

Other earning assets increased $15.3$105.1 million, or 15.0%89.7%, primarily due to an increase in interest-bearing deposits with other banks as a result of the reclassification ofbanks. The Corporation's interest-bearing account with the Federal Reserve Bank balances discussed above, which had declined to $13.9increased $118.3 million, or 850.5%, at December 31, 2010. 2011, primarily due to the investment of excess funds generated from an increase in demand and savings deposits, combined with a decrease in investments. Partially offsetting this increase was a $36.9 million, or 44.0%, decrease in loans held for sale, mainly due to the Corporation's retention of certain residential mortgages in portfolio and a decrease in the volume of loans sold.Premises and equipment increased $3.8$4.3 million, or 1.9%, to $208.0 million.2.0%. The increase reflects additions primarily for the construction of new branch facilities and information technology initiatives, offset by depreciation and the sales of branch and office facilities during 2010.2011. Goodwill and intangible assets decreased $4.6$3.8 million, or 0.8%0.7%, due to the amortization of intangible assets.

Other assets increased $173.0$24.1 million, or 33.9%3.5%, to $682.5$706.6 million due primarily to $142.9a $38.7 million ofincrease in receivables related to investment securities sales that had not settled at year-end. As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation had $181.6 million of such receivables outstanding, compared to $142.9 million as of December 31, 2010,2010. Also contributing to the increase in other assets was a $25.1$16.8 million increase in low and moderate-income housing partnership investments, a $9.7 million increase in OREOTax Credit Investments and a $6.7$4.0 million increase in net mortgage servicing rights,rights. These

42


increases were partially offset by an $18.1a $13.3 million decrease in prepaid FDIC assessments which were amortized to expense in 2010.

2011, a $9.3 million decrease in federal taxes receivable due to overpayments in 2010 and a $5.4 million decrease in the fair value of mortgage banking derivative assets.

Deposits and Borrowings

Deposits increased $290.7$137.2 million, or 2.4%1.1%, to $12.4$12.5 billion as of December 31, 2010.2011. During 2010,2011, total non-interest and interest bearing demand and savings deposits increased $974.6,$753.2 million, or 14.4%9.7%, and time deposits decreased $683.9$616.0 million, or 12.9%13.3%. TheNon-interest bearing accounts increased $393.0 million, or 17.9%, due primarily to a $330.1 million, or 21.7%, increase in non-interest bearingbusiness account balances. Interest-bearing accounts increased $360.1 million, or 6.5%, due to a $242.7 million, or 18.1%, increase in municipal account balances, which was largely due to attractive interest rates for insured deposits relative to non-bank alternatives, a $63.3 million, or 1.9%, increase in personal account balances and a $54.1 million, or 6.0%, increase in business accounts, while the increase in interest-bearing accounts was in personal and municipal accounts.account balances. Growth in business accounts was due, in part, to businesses being required to keepmaintaining higher balances on hand to offset service fees, as well as a migration away from the Corporation’s cash management products due to the low interest rates.rate environment. The increase in personal accounts was primarily due to a reduction in consumer spending and a reduction inmigration from customer certificates of deposit. The decrease in time deposits resulted from a $672.6$610.3 million, or 12.7%13.2%, decrease in customer certificates of deposit and an $11.3a $5.7 million, or 66.2%100.0%, decrease in brokered certificates of deposit. The decrease in customer certificates of deposit was in accounts with original maturity terms of less than one yeartwo years of $749.1$545.7 million, or 33.7%20.1%, partially offset by an increase inand jumbo accounts with original maturity terms of greater than one year of $238.7$55.1 million, or 11.4%21.7%.

Short-term borrowings decreased $194.9$77.0 million, or 22.4%11.4%, due to a decrease in short-term customer funding of $62.7 million, or 15.4%, and a decrease in Federal funds purchased of $110.2$14.4 million, and short-term customer funding of $84.6 million.or 5.4%. Long-term debt decreased $421.3$79.3 million, or 27.3%7.1%, as a result of the maturity of FHLB advances.

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities increased $21.2$2.3 million, or 11.1%1.1%. The increase was primarily due to a $26.5$15.5 million increase in the underfunded status of the Corporation's defined benefit pension plan, which was largely the result of a 125 basis point decrease in the discount rate used to calculate the projected benefit obligation. Also contributing to the increase in other liabilities was a $6.1 million increase in dividends payable to common shareholders due to the increase in the Corporation's fourth quarter dividend per share from $0.03 per share in 2010 to $0.06 cents in 2011. These increases were largely offset by a $24.5 million decrease in payables related to investment security purchases executed prior to December 31, 2010,year-end, but not settled until after December 31, 2010.

year-end.

Shareholders’ Equity

Total shareholders’ equity decreased $56.1increased $112.2 million, or 2.9%6.0%, to $1.9$2.0 billion, or 11.6%12.2% of total assets as of December 31, 2010. 2011.The decreaseincrease was primarily due to the redemption of $376.5$145.6 million of preferred stock and the $10.8 million repurchase of the outstanding common

stock warrant, both previously heldnet income, partially offset by the UST, and $35.7$40.0 million of dividends on common shares outstanding. Due to the earnings improvement achieved throughout 2011 and preferred shares. Partially offsetting these decreases were $226.3 millionthe strength of net proceeds received in connection with the Corporation’s common stock offering in May 2010 and $128.3 million of net income.

On December 23, 2008,its capital, the Corporation entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the UST pursuantincreased its dividend to which the Corporation soldcommon shareholders to the UST, for an aggregate purchase price of $376.5 million, 376,500 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (preferred stock), par value $1,000$0.20 cents per share and a warrantin 2011, compared to purchase up to 5.5 million shares of common stock, par value $2.50$0.12 cents per share.

At issuance, the $376.5 million of proceeds was allocated to the preferred stock and the warrant based on their relative fair values ($368.9 million was allocated to the preferred stock and $7.6 million to the warrant). The fair value of the preferred stock was estimated using a discounted cash flows model assuming a 10% discount rate and a five-year term. The difference between the initial value allocated to the preferred stock of approximately $368.9 million and the liquidation value of $376.5 million was charged to retained earnings as an adjustment to the dividend yield using the effective yield method.

On May 5, 2010, the Corporation issued 21.8 million shares of its common stock,share in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of $226.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 14, 2010 the Corporation redeemed all 376,500 outstanding shares of its Series A preferred stock with a total payment to the UST of $379.6 million, consisting of $376.5 million of principal and $3.1 million of dividends. The preferred stock had a carrying value of $371.0 million on the redemption date. Upon redemption, the remaining $5.5 million preferred stock discount was recorded as a reduction to net income available to common shareholders.

On September 8, 2010, the Corporation repurchased the outstanding common stock warrant for the purchase of 5.5 million shares of its common stock, for $10.8 million, completing the Corporation’s participation in the UST’s CPP. Upon repurchase, the common stock warrant had a carrying value of $7.6 million. The repurchase price of $10.8 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income.

2010.

The Corporation and its subsidiary banks are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by various banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain actions by regulators that could have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial statements. The regulations require that banks maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and Tier I capital to average assets (as defined). As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation and each of its bank subsidiaries met the minimum capital requirements. In addition, all of the Corporation’s bank subsidiaries’ capital ratios exceeded the amounts required to be considered “well capitalized” as defined in the regulations. See also Note J, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


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The following table summarizes the Corporation’s capital ratios in comparison to regulatory requirements at December 31:

   2010  2009  Regulatory
Minimum
for Capital
Adequacy
 

Total capital (to risk weighted assets)

   14.2  14.7  8.0

Tier I capital (to risk weighted assets)

   11.6  11.9  4.0

Tier I capital (to average assets)

   9.4  9.7  4.0

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)

   8.5  6.3 

Tangible common equity to risk weighted assets (2)

   10.5  7.8 

 2011 2010 Regulatory
Minimum
for Capital
Adequacy
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)15.2% 14.2% 8.0%
Tier I capital (to risk weighted assets)12.7% 11.6% 4.0%
Tier I capital (to average assets)10.3% 9.4% 4.0%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)9.2% 8.5% N/A
Tangible common equity to risk weighted assets (2)11.4% 10.5% N/A
(1)

Ending common shareholders’ equity, net of goodwill and intangible assets, divided by ending assets, net of goodwill and intangible assets.

(2)

Ending common shareholders’ equity, net of goodwill and intangible assets, divided by risk-weighted assets.

N/A - Not applicable.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel) is a committee of central banks and bank regulators from major industrialized countries that develops broad policy guidelines for use by each country’s regulators with the purpose of ensuring that financial institutions have adequate capital given the risk levels of assets and off-balance sheet financial instruments.

In December 2010, Basel released a framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, referred to as Basel III. Basel III includes defined minimum capital ratios, which must be met when implementation occurs on January 1, 2013. An additional

“capital “capital conservation buffer” will be phased-in beginning January 1, 2016 and, when fully phased-in three years later, the minimum ratios will be 2.5% higher. Fully phased-in capital standards under Basel III will require banks to maintain more capital than the minimum levels required under current regulatory capital standards.

The U.S. banking regulators have not yet proposed regulations implementing Basel III, but are expected to do so in the near future. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation met the fully phased-in minimum capital ratios required for each of the capital measures included in Basel III.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Corporation has various financial obligations that require future cash payments. These obligations include the payment of liabilities recorded on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheet as well as contractual obligations for purchased services or for operating leases.

The following table summarizes significant contractual obligations to third parties, by type, that were fixed and determinable as of December 31, 2010:

   Payments Due In 
   One Year
or Less
   One to
Three Years
   Three to
Five Years
   Over Five
Years
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Deposits with no stated maturity (1)

  $7,758,613    $0    $0    $0    $7,758,613  

Time deposits (2)

   2,962,803     1,375,534     244,802     46,829     4,629,968  

Short-term borrowings (3)

   674,077     0     0     0     674,077  

Long-term debt (3)

   94,041     107,261     156,931     761,217     1,119,450  

Operating leases (4)

   15,270     26,248     18,967     52,840     113,325  

Purchase obligations (5)

   21,449     16,679     2,532     0     40,660  

Uncertain tax positions (6)

   4,902     0     0     0     4,902  

2011:
 Payments Due In
 One Year
or Less
 One to
Three Years
 Three to
Five Years
 Over Five
Years
 Total
 (in thousands)
Deposits with no stated maturity (1)$8,511,789
 $
 $
 $
 $8,511,789
Time deposits (2)2,610,438
 1,076,066
 265,519
 61,927
 4,013,950
Short-term borrowings (3)597,033
 
 
 
 597,033
Long-term debt (3)126,852
 11,473
 387,246
 514,578
 1,040,149
Operating leases (4)15,981
 27,240
 21,784
 64,061
 129,066
Purchase obligations (5)21,784
 29,571
 18,045
 
 69,400
Uncertain tax positions (6)9,438
 
 
 
 9,438
(1)

Includes demand deposits and savings accounts, which can be withdrawn by customers at any time.

(2)

See additional information regarding time deposits in Note H, “Deposits,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3)

See additional information regarding borrowings in Note I, “Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4)

See additional information regarding operating leases in Note N, “Leases,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(5)

Includes information technology, telecommunication and data processing outsourcing contracts. Variable obligations, such as those based on transaction volumes, are not included.

(6)

Includes accrued interest. See additional information related to uncertain tax positions in Note K, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition to the contractual obligations listed in the preceding table, the Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include

44


commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk that are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the financial or performance obligation of a customer to a third-party. Commitments and standby letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash needs as they may expire without being drawn.


The following table presents the Corporation’s commitments to extend credit and letters of credit as of December 31, 20102011 (in thousands):

Commercial mortgage and construction

  $333,060  

Home equity

   946,637  

Commercial and other

   2,501,127  
     

Total commitments to extend credit

  $3,780,824  
     

Standby letters of credit

  $489,097  

Commercial letters of credit

   31,388  
     

Total letters of credit

  $520,485  
     

Commercial mortgage and construction$275,308
Home equity1,019,470
Commercial and other2,508,754
Total commitments to extend credit$3,803,532
  
Standby letters of credit$444,019
Commercial letters of credit31,557
Total letters of credit$475,576



45


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The following is a summary of those accounting policies that the Corporation considers to be most important to the portrayal of its financial condition and results of operations, as they require management’s most difficult judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Fair Value Measurements The disclosure of fair value measurements is required by FASB ASC Topic 820 which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into the following three categories (from highest to lowest priority):

Level 1 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, or quoted prices for identical instruments in non-active markets. Also includes valuation techniques whose inputs are derived principally from observable market data other than quoted prices, such as interest rates or other market-corroborated means.

Level 3 – Inputs that are largely unobservable, as little or no market data exists for the instrument being valued.

The Corporation has categorized all assets and liabilities measured at fair value both on a recurring and nonrecurring basis into the above three levels. See Note P, “Fair Value Measurements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the disclosures required by FASB ASC Topic 820.

The determination of fair value for assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 items involves a great deal of subjectivity due to the use of unobservable inputs. In addition, determining when a market is no longer active and placing little or no reliance on distressed market prices requires the use of management’s judgment. The need for greater management judgment in determining fair values for Level 3 assets and liabilities has further been heightened by current economic conditions, which have created volatility in the fair values of certain investment securities.

The Corporation engages third-party valuation experts to assist in valuing most available-for-sale investment securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis which are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 items. The pricing data and market quotes the Corporation obtains from outside sources are reviewed internally for reasonableness.

Allowance for Credit Losses – The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in its unfunded loan commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The allowance for credit losses is increased by charges to expense, through the provision for credit losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are adequate as of the balance sheet date; however, future changes to the allowance or reserve may be necessary based on changes in any of the factors discussed in the following paragraphs.

Maintaining an adequate allowance for credit losses is dependent upon various factors, including the ability to identify potential problem loans in a timely manner. For commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans, an internal risk rating process, consisting of nine general classifications ranging from “excellent” to “loss,” is used. Risk ratings are initially assigned to loans by loan officers and are reviewed on a regular basis by loan review staff. Ratings will change if the ongoing monitoring procedures or specific loan review activities identify a deterioration or an improvement in the loan. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and to allocate resources to managing troubled accounts.

The risk rating process is not practical for residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, installment loans and lease receivables, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based on aggregate payment history, through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends.

The Corporation’s established methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loancredit losses considers both components of the allowance: 1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated individually for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35,310-10-35; and 2) allowances calculated for pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.

Effective April 1, 2011, the Corporation revised and enhanced its allowance for credit loss methodology. The change in methodology resulted in shifts in allocations by loan type, however, the total allowance for credit losses did not change as a result of implementing the new methodology.
A loan evaluated individually for impairment is considered to be impaired if the Corporation believes it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.Beginning April 1, 2011, the population of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 includes only loans on non-accrual status and impaired troubled debt restructurings (Impaired TDRs). Impaired loans are required to be measured based onTDRs represent TDRs that were: (1)  modified via a change in the

present value of expected future cash flows discounted interest rate that, at the loan’s effective interest rate,time of restructuring, was favorable in comparison to


46


rates offered for loans with similar risk characteristics; or at(2) 90 days or more past due according to their modified terms; or (3) modified in the loan’s observable market price or at the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of collateral is generally based on appraisals, discounted to arrive at expected sale prices, net of estimated selling costs.current calendar year. An allowance for loan losses is allocated toestablished for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. Impaired loans with balances greater than $1.0 million are evaluated individually for impairment. Impaired loans with balances less than $1.0 million are pooled and measured for impairment collectively.
Beginning April 1, 2011, all loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 are measured for losses on a quarterly basis. Measurement may be on a more frequent basis if there is a significant change in the amount or timing of an impaired loan’s expected future cash flows, if actual cash flows are significantly different from the cash flows previously projected, or if the fair value of an impaired loan’s collateral significantly changes. In addition, a reserve for unfunded lending commitments may be allocated for impaired loans with unused commitments to extend credit.

secured predominately by real estate have updated certified third-party appraisals, generally every 12 months.

As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, substantially all of the Corporation’s impaired loans with balances greater than $1.0 million were measured based on the estimated fair value of each loan’s collateral. Collateral could be in the form of real estate, in the case of impaired commercial mortgages and construction loans, or business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, in the case of commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and industrial loans may also be secured by real property.

For loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through certified third-party appraisals. When a real estate-secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including: the age of the most recent appraisal; the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal; the condition of the property; the Corporation’s experience and knowledge of the market; the purpose of the loan; environmental factors; payment status; the strength of any guarantors; and the existence and age of other indications of value such as broker price opinions, among others.


As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, approximately 52% 78%and 40%52%, respectively, of impaired loans secured by real estate with principal balances greater than $1$1 million were measured at estimated fair value using certified third-party appraisals that had been updated within the preceding 12 months. AppraisedThe fair value of collateral is generally based on appraised values, are discounted to arrive at theexpected sale prices, net of estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

costs.

Where updated certified appraisals are not obtained for loans individually evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 that are secured by real estate, fair values are estimated based on one or more of the following:

Original appraisal – if the original appraisal indicated a very strong loan to value position and, in the opinion of the Corporation’s internal loan evaluation staff, there has not been a significant deterioration in the collateral value, the original appraisal may be used to support the value of the collateral. Appropriate discounts are applied to the appraised value to adjust for market changes since the date the appraisal was completed, to arrive at an estimated selling price for the collateral. Original appraisals are typically used only when the estimated collateral value, as adjusted, results in a current loan to value ratio that is lower than the Corporation’s policy for new loans, generally 80%.

Broker price opinions – in lieu of obtaining an updated certified appraisal, a less formal indication of value, such as a broker price opinion, may be obtained. These opinions are generally used to validate internal estimates of collateral value and are not relied upon as the sole determinant of fair value.

Discounted cash flows – while substantially all of the Corporation’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of collateral, discounted cash flows analyses may be used to validate estimates of collateral value derived from other approaches.

For impaired loans with principal balances greater than $1 million secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable or inventory, estimated fair values are determined based on borrower financial statements, inventory listings, accounts receivable agings or borrowing base certificates. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. Liquidation or collection discounts are applied to these assets based upon existing loan evaluation policies.

All loans not evaluated individually for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 are evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20, using a pooled loss evaluation approach. In general, these loans include residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, and lease receivables. CertainAccruing commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans are also evaluated collectively for impairment.

impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.


The Corporation evaluates loans collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 through the following procedures:

The loans are segmented into pools with similar characteristics, such as general loan type, secured or unsecured and type of collateral. Commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans are further segmented into separate pools based on internally assigned risk ratings.

Residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, and lease receivables are further segmented into separate pools based on delinquency status.


47


A loss rate is calculated for each pool based on a probability of default (PD) and a loss given default (LGD) using historical loss experience. Typically, this rate is based on actual losses foras loans migrate through the most recent four years, with more recent years weighted more heavily.

various risk rating or delinquency categories.

The loss rate is adjusted to consider qualitative factors, such as economic conditions and trends.

The resulting adjusted loss rate is applied to the balance of the loans in the pool to arrive at the allowance allocation for the pool.

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is reviewed to evaluate its appropriateness in relation to the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio. The Corporation considers risk factors such as: local and national economic conditions; trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans; the diversity of borrower industry types; and the composition of the portfolio by loan type. An unallocated allowance is maintained for factors and conditions that exist at the balance sheet date, but are not specifically identifiable, and to recognize the inherent imprecision in estimating and measuring loss exposure.

Over the past two years, the Corporation has made changes to its allowance methodology which have expanded the number of loans evaluated collectively for impairment and reduced the number of loans evaluated individually for impairment. Effective December 31, 2009, the allowance methodology was revised to evaluate commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans that were rated “satisfactory minus” or “special mention” collectively for impairment as opposed to evaluating these loans individually for impairment. The methodology was changed to more properly align internal risk ratings with the likelihood of impairment. Effective December 31, 2010, the Corporation revised its allowance methodology to evaluate certain accruing commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans rated “substandard” collectively for impairment as opposed to evaluating these loans individually for impairment. These accruing substandard-rated loans in the Corporation’s portfolio did not meet the definition of impairment and had no related specific allowance allocation. Approximately $290 million of loans that were previously evaluated individually for impairment were collectively evaluated for impairment, resulting in an additional $9.4 million of allowance allocations as of December 31, 2010.

Loans and lease financing receivables deemed to be a loss are written off through a charge against the allowance for credit losses. Closed-end consumer loans are generally charged off when they become 120 days past due (180(180 days for open-end consumer loans) if they are not adequately secured by real estate. All other loans are evaluated for possible charge-off when it is probable that the balance will not be collected, based on the ability of the borrower to pay and the value of the underlying collateral. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are recorded as increases to the allowance for loan losses. Past due status is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.

See alsoNote A, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note D, “Loans"Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses”Losses," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Statements for additional details.

Troubled Debt Restructurings– Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) if the Corporation grants the borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a TDR typically involve a temporary deferral of scheduled loan payments, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date or a reduction in the interest rate. Non-accrual TDRs can be restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six consecutive months after modification. TDRs are evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35.
Effective July 1, 2011, the Corporation adopted the provisions of ASC Update 2011-02, “A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring.” ASC Update 2011-02 provides additional guidance for when a creditor has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulty. This standards update was effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and was applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. The adoption of ASC Update 2011-02 did not impact the Corporation’s financial statements.
See Note D, "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
Business Combinations and Intangible Assets – The Corporation accounts for all business acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. Purchase accounting requires the purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of thethat all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets that must be recognized. Typically, this allocation results in therecognized, be recorded at their estimated fair values. Any purchase price exceeding the fair value of net assets acquired which is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill is not amortized to expense, but is tested at least annually for impairment. The Corporation completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31st of each year. The Corporation tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill. The Corporation determined that no impairment write-offscharges were necessary in 2011, 2010 or 2009. In 2008, the Corporation recorded a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge for one of its defined reporting units, based on the results of the annual goodwill impairment test. For additional details related to the 2010 goodwill impairment test, see Note F, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Reporting unit valuation is inherently subjective, with a number of factors based on assumptions and management judgments. Among these are future growth rates for the reporting units, selection of comparable market transactions, discount rates and earnings capitalization rates. Changes in assumptions and results due to economic conditions, industry factors and reporting unit performance and cash flow projections could result in different assessments of the fair values of reporting units and could result in impairment charges.

If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount, an interim impairment test is required. Such events may include adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate, adverse actions by a regulator, unauthorizedunanticipated competition, the loss of key employees, or similar events.


Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Some intangible assets have indefinite lives and are, therefore, not

48


amortized. All intangible assets must be evaluated for impairment if certain events occur. Any impairment write-downs are recognized as expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

income.

Income Taxes – The provision for income taxes is based upon income before income taxes, adjusted for the effect of certain tax-exempt income, non-deductible expenses and non-deductible expenses.credits. In addition, certain items of income and expense are reported in different periods for financial reporting and tax return purposes. The tax effects of these temporary differences are recognized currently in the deferred income tax provision or benefit. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the applicable enacted marginal tax rate.

The Corporation must also evaluate the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered fromthrough future taxable income. If any such assets are more likely than not to not be recovered, a valuation allowance must be recognized. The Corporation recorded a valuation allowance of $8.2$17.3 million as of December 31, 20102011 for certain state net operating losses and temporary differences that are not expected to be recovered. The assessment of the carrying value of deferred tax assets is based on certain assumptions, changes in which could have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements.

The Corporation accounts for uncertain tax positions by applying a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax positionpositions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Recognition and measurement of tax positions is based on management’s evaluations of relevant tax code and appropriate industry information about audit proceedings for comparable positions at other organizations. Virtually all of the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits are for positions that are taken on an annual basis on state tax returns. Increases to unrecognized tax benefits will occur as a result of accruing for the nonrecognition of the position for the current year. Decreases will occur as a result of the lapsing of the statute of limitations for the oldest outstanding year which includes the position.

See also Note K, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

New Accounting Standard

Standards

In JanuaryMay 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs.” ASC Update 2011-04 amends fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP for the purpose of improving the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Among the amendments in ASC Update 2011-04 are expanded disclosure requirements that require companies to quantitatively disclose inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements and to disclose the sensitivity of fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs. This standards update is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. For the Corporation, this standards update is effective in connection with its March 31, 2012 interim filing on Form 10-Q. The adoption of ASC Update 2011-04 is not expected to materially impact the Corporation’s financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-05, “Presentation of Other Comprehensive Income.” ASC Update 2011-05 requires companies to present total comprehensive income, consisting of net income and other comprehensive income, in either one continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Presently, the Corporation reports total comprehensive income within its consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss). For publicly traded entities, this standards update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. For the Corporation, this standards update is effective in connection with its March 31, 2012 interim filing on Form 10-Q.
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-1, “Deferral2011-12, "Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Disclosures about Troubled Debt RestructuringsReclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update 2010-20” (ASC Update 2011-1).No. 2011-05." ASC Update 2011-12011-12 defers the effective date of the requirement to disclose details related to troubled debt restructurings as requiredpresent separate line items on the income statement for reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income under ASC Update 2010-20, “Disclosures about2011-05. This deferral is temporary until the Credit QualityFASB reconsiders the operational concerns and needs of Financing Receivablesfinancial statement users.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-08, "Testing for Goodwill Impairment." ASC Update 2011-08 simplifies testing for goodwill impairment by permitting entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If an entity can qualitatively demonstrate that a reporting unit's fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, then it would not be required to perform the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test. This standards update is effective for annual and the Allowanceinterim goodwill impairment tests performed for Credit Losses” (ASC Update 2010-20) until a related proposed FASB ASC update related to accounting for troubled debt restructurings is issued.fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The disclosure requirementsadoption of ASC Update 2010-20 related2011-08 is not expected to troubled debt restructurings willmaterially impact the Corporation’s disclosures; however, it will not impact how the Corporation measures its allowance for credit losses.

financial statements.





49


Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the exposure to economic loss that arises from changes in the values of certain financial instruments. The types of market risk exposures generally faced by financial institutions include interest rate risk, equity market price risk, debt security market price risk, foreign currency price risk and commodity price risk. Due to the nature of its operations, only equity market price risk, debt security market price risk and interest rate risk are significant to the Corporation.

Equity Market Price Risk

Equity market price risk is the risk that changes in the values of equity investments could have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Corporation. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation’s equity investments consisted of $96.4$82.5 million of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and Federal Reserve Bank stock, $33.1$27.9 million of common stocks of publicly traded financial institutions and $7.0$6.7 million of other equity investments. The equity investments most susceptible to market price risk are the financial institutions stocks, which had a cost basis of $30.2$28.3 million and a fair value of $33.1$27.9 million as of December 31, 2010.2011. Gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses in this portfolio were approximately $3.9$2.4 million and $960,000$2.8 million as of December 31, 2010,2011, respectively.

The Corporation has evaluated whether any unrealized losses on individual equity investments constituted other-than-temporary impairment, which would require a write-down through a charge to earnings. Based on the results of such evaluations, the Corporation recorded write-downs of $1.2 million in 2011, $2.0 million in 2010, and $3.8 million in 2009 and $43.1 million in 2008 for financial institutions stocks which were deemed to exhibit other-than-temporary impairment in value. In 2009, the Corporation also recorded a $106,000 other-than-temporary impairment charge for a mutual fund equity investment. In 2008, the Corporation recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $1.2 million and $356,000 for a mutual fund investment and other government agency-sponsored stocks, respectively. Additional impairment charges may be necessary depending upon the performance of the equity markets in general and the performance of the individual investments held by the Corporation. See also Note C, “Investment Securities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Management continuously monitors the fair value of its equity investments and evaluates current market conditions and operating results of the issuers. Periodic sale and purchase decisions are made based on this monitoring process. None of the Corporation’s equity securities are classified as trading. Future cash flows from these investments are not provided in the table on page 52 as such investments do not have maturity dates.

Another source of equity market price risk is the Corporation’s investment in FHLB stock, which the Corporation is required to own in order to borrow funds from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation’s investment in FHLB stock was $77.2$63.3 million. FHLBs obtain funding primarily through the issuance of consolidated obligations of the Federal Home Loan BankFHLB system. The U.S. government does not guarantee these obligations, and each of the FHLB banks is, generally, jointly and severally liable for repayment of each other’s debt. The FHLB system has experienced financial stress, and some of the regional banks within the FHLB system have suspended or reduced their dividends, or eliminated the ability of members to redeem capital stock. The Corporation’s FHLB stock and its ability to obtain FHLB funds could be adversely impacted if the financial health of the FHLB system worsens.

In addition to its equity portfolio, the Corporation’s investment management and trust services revenue isincome may be impacted by fluctuations in the securitiesequity markets. A portion of the Corporation’s trust and brokeragethis revenue is based on the value of the underlying investment portfolios.portfolios, many of which include equity investments. If the values of those investment portfolios decrease, whether due to factors influencing U.S. securities markets in general or otherwise, the Corporation’s revenue would be negatively impacted. In addition, the Corporation’s ability to sell its brokerage services in the future will be dependent, in part, upon consumers’ level of confidence in equityfinancial markets.

Debt Security Market Price Risk

Debt security market price risk is the risk that changes in the values, unrelated to market price fluctuations related to interest rates changes, of debt securities could have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of the Corporation. The Corporation’s debt securitiessecurity investments consist primarily of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, whose principal payments are guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies, state and municipal securities, U.S. government sponsored agency securities, U.S. government debt securities, auction rate certificates and corporate debt securities. The Corporation’sAll of the Corporation's investments in certain municipalmortgage-backed securities auction rate certificates and corporate debt securitiescollateralized mortgage obligations have principal payments that are most susceptible to market price risk.

guaranteed by U.S. government sponsored agencies.

Municipal Securities

As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had $349.6$322.0 million of municipal securities issued by various municipalities in its investment portfolio. Ongoing uncertainty with respect to the financial viability of municipal insurers places much greater emphasis on

the underlying strength of issuers. IncreasingContinued pressure on local tax revenues of issuers due to adverse economic conditions could also have an adverse impact on the underlying credit qualitystrength of issuers. The Corporation evaluates existing and potential holdings primarily on the underlying credit worthinesscreditworthiness of the issuing municipality and then, to a lesser extent, on the underlying credit enhancement corresponding to the individual issuance. enhancement.


50


As of December 31, 2010,2011, approximately 94% of municipal securities were supported by the general obligation of corresponding municipalities. In addition, approximately 69%72% of these securities were school district issuances that are also supported by the general obligationstates of the corresponding municipalities, as of December 31, 2010.

issuing municipalities.

Auction Rate Certificates

As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation’s investments in student loan auction rate securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs), had a cost basis of $271.6$240.9 million and a fair value of $260.7 million, or 1.6% of total assets.

$225.2 million.

ARCs are long-term securities that were structured to allow their sale in periodic auctions, resulting in both the treatment of ARCs as short-term instruments in normal market conditions and fair values that could be derived based on periodic auction prices. However, beginning in 2008, market auctions for these securities began to fail due to an insufficient number of buyers, resulting in an illiquid market. This illiquidity has resulted in recent market prices that were based on trades that wererepresent forced liquidations or distressed sales and do not regular or orderly transactions, therefore, providingprovide an inaccurateaccurate basis for fair value. Therefore, as of December 31, 2010,2011, the fair values of the ARCs were derived using significant unobservable inputs based on an expected cash flows model which produced fair values which were materially different from those that would be expected from settlement of these investments in the illiquid market that presently exists. The expected cash flowsflow model, prepared by a third-party valuation expert, produced fair values which assumed a return to market liquidity sometime within the next three years.

The credit quality of the underlying debt associated with the ARCs is also a factor in the determination of their estimated fair value. As of December 31, 2010,2011, approximately $211$177 million, or 81%79%, of the ARCs were rated above investment grade, with approximately $160$135 million, or 61%60%, AAA rated. Approximately $50$48 million, or 19%21%, of ARCs were either not rated or rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency. Of this amount, approximately $29$28 million, or 59%, of the loans underlying these ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the federal government. In total, approximately $202 million, or 90%, of the loans underlying the ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the Federal government. In total, approximately $231 million, or 89%, of the loans underlying the ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the Federalfederal government. At December 31, 2010,2011, all ARCs were current and making scheduled interest payments.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Corporation recorded $292,000 of other-than-temporary impairmentcharges for two individual ARCs based on an expected cash flow model. As of December 31, 2011, after other-than-temporary impairment charges, the two other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs had a cost basis of $1.6 million and a fair value of $1.1 million.These other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs have principal payments supported by non-guaranteed private student loans, as opposed to federally guaranteed student loans. The student loans underlying these other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs had actual defaults of approximately 18%, resulting in an erosion of parity ratios, which is calculated as the outstanding principal and capitalized interest of the student loans divided by the amount outstanding of the notes. Parity ratios for these other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs were approximately 83% as of December 31, 2011. Additional impairment charges for ARCs may be necessary depending upon the performance of the individual investments held by the Corporation.
Corporate Debt Securities

The Corporation holds corporate debt securities in the form of pooled trust preferred securities, single-issuer trust preferred securities and subordinated debt issued by financial institutions, as presented in the following table:

   December 31, 2010 
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Single-issuer trust preferred securities

  $91,257    $81,789  

Subordinated debt

   34,995     35,915  

Pooled trust preferred securities

   8,295     4,528  
    ��     

Total corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions

  $134,547    $122,232  
          

 December 31, 2011
 Amortized
Cost
 Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Single-issuer trust preferred securities$83,899
 $74,365
Subordinated debt40,184
 41,296
Pooled trust preferred securities6,236
 5,109
Corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions$130,319
 $120,770

The fair values for pooled trust preferred securities and certain single-issuer trust preferred securities were based on quotes provided by third-party brokers who determined fair values based predominantly on internal valuation models which were not indicative prices or binding offers.

The Corporation’s investments in single-issuer trust preferred securities had an unrealized loss of $9.5 million as of December 31, 2010.2011. The Corporation did not record any other-than-temporary impairment charges for single-issuer trust preferred securities in 2011, 2010 2009 or 2008.2009. The Corporation held 1312 single-issuer trust preferred securities that were rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency, with an amortized cost of $40.1$41.1 million and an estimated fair value of $38.1$38.7 million as of December 31, 2010.2011. The majority of the single-issuer trust preferred securities rated below investment grade were rated BB.BB or Ba. Single-issuer

51


trust preferred securities with an amortized cost of $11.2$8.3 million and an estimated fair value of $8.6$6.5 million as of December 31, 2010,2011 were not rated by any ratings agency.


The Corporation held ten pooled trust preferred securities as of December 31, 2010.2011. Nine of these securities, with an amortized cost of $7.5$5.8 million and an estimated fair value of $3.9$4.7 million, were rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency, with ratings ranging from C to Caa.Ca. For each of the nine pooled trust preferred securities rated below investment grade, the class of securities held by the Corporation was below the most senior tranche, with the Corporation’s interests being subordinate to other investors in the pool. The Corporation determines the fair value of pooled trust preferred securities based on quotes provided by third-party brokers.

The amortized cost of pooled trust preferred securities is the purchase price of the securities, net of cumulative credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges, determined using an expected cash flowsflow model. The most significant input to the expected cash flowsflow model is the expected payment deferral rate for each pooled trust preferred security. The Corporation evaluates the financial metrics, such as capital ratios and non-performing asset ratios, of the individual financial institution issuers that comprise each pooled trust preferred security to estimate its expected deferral rate. The actual weighted average cumulative defaults and deferrals as a percentage of original collateral were approximately 36%38% as of December 31, 2010.2011. The discounted cash flowsflow modeling for pooled trust preferred securities held by the Corporation as of December 31, 20102011 assumed, on average, an additional 13%17% expected deferral rate.

Additional impairment charges for corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions may be necessary in the future depending upon the performance of the individual investments held by the Corporation.

See Note C, “Investment Securities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion related to the Corporation’s other-than-temporary impairment evaluations for debt securities and see Note P, “Fair Value Measurements,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion related to the fair values of debt securities.

Interest Rate Risk, Asset/Liability Management and Liquidity

Interest rate risk creates exposure in two primary areas. First, changes in rates have an impact on the Corporation’s liquidity position and could affect its ability to meet obligations and continue to grow. Second, movements in interest rates can create fluctuations in the Corporation’s net interest income and changes in the economic value of its equity.

The Corporation employs various management techniques to minimize its exposure to interest rate risk. An Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO), consisting of key financial and senior management personnel, meets on a periodicregular basis. The ALCO is responsible for reviewing the interest rate sensitivity position of the Corporation, approving asset and liability management policies, and overseeing the formulation and implementation of strategies regarding balance sheet positions and earnings.

From a liquidity standpoint, the Corporation must maintain a sufficient level of liquid assets to meet the cash needs of its customers, who, as depositors, may want to withdraw funds or who, as borrowers, need credit availability. Liquidity is provided on a continuous basis through scheduled and unscheduled principal and interest payments on outstanding loans and investments and through the availability of deposits and borrowings. The Corporation also maintains secondary sources that provide liquidity on a secured and unsecured basis to meet short-term and long-term needs.

The consolidated statements of cash flows provide details related to the Corporation’s sources and uses of cash. The Corporation generated $284.8$372.0 million in cash from operating activities during 2010,2011, mainly due to net income, as adjusted for non-cash charges, most notably the provision for credit losses. Investing activities resulted in a net cash proceedsoutflow of $145.9$231.8 million in 20102011 due to a net increase in loans and short-term investments, partially offset by sales and maturities of investments exceeding reinvestments in the portfolio and a net increase in loans.portfolio. Financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $516.3$46.6 million in 20102011 as a result of repayments of short-term borrowings and long-term debt and the redemption of preferred stockdividends paid on common shares outstanding exceeding cash inflows from deposit increases and the common stock offering.

additions to long-term debt.

Liquidity must also be managed at the Fulton Financial Corporation Parent Company level. For safety and soundness reasons, banking regulations limit the amount of cash that can be transferred from subsidiary banks to the Parent Company in the form of loans and dividends. Generally, these limitations are based on the subsidiary banks’ regulatory capital levels and their net income.The Parent Company meets its cash needs through dividends and loans from subsidiary banks, and through external borrowings, if necessary. Management continuously monitors the liquidity and capital needs of the Parent Company and will implement appropriate strategies, as necessary, to meet regulatory capital requirements and to meet its cash needs.

As of December 31, 2010,2011, liquid assets (defined as cash and due from banks, short-term investments, deposits in other financial institutions, Federal funds sold, mortgages available for sale, securities available for sale, and non-mortgage-backed securities held to maturity due in one year or less) totaled $3.0 billion, or 18.4% of total assets, as compared to $3.1 billion, or 19.3% of total assets, as compared to $3.6 billion, or 21.8% of total assets, as of December 31, 2009.

2010.


52


The following tables present the expected maturities of investment securities as of December 31, 20102011 and the weighted average yields of such securities (calculated based on historical cost):

HELD TO MATURITY(at amortized cost)

  

   MATURING 
   Within One Year  After One But
Within Five Years
  After Five But
Within Ten Years
  After Ten Years 
   Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield 
   (dollars in thousands) 

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

  $0     —   $6,339     0.45 $0     —   $0     —  

State and municipal (1)

   167     5.22    179     5.59    0     —      0     —    
                                     

Total

  $167     5.22 $6,518     0.59 $0     —   $0     —  
                                     

Mortgage-backed securities (2)

  $1,066     5.52         
                   

AVAILABLE FOR SALE(at estimated fair value)

  

   MATURING 
   Within One Year  After One But
Within Five Years
  After Five But
Within Ten Years
  After Ten Years 
   Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield  Amount   Yield 
   (dollars in thousands) 

U.S. Government securities

  $1,649     0.17 $0     —   $0     —   $0     —  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities (3)

   2,660     1.71    1,873     4.35    335     1.47    190     3.06  

State and municipal (1)

   62,831     4.27    65,797     5.12    88,000     5.87    132,935     6.59  

Auction rate securities (4)

   0     —      0     —      202     0.80    260,477     1.67  

Corporate debt securities

   1,700     3.30    1,627     5.11    34,898     4.84    86,561     4.66  
                                     

Total

  $68,840     4.04 $69,297     5.10 $123,435     5.56 $480,163     3.55
                                     

Collateralized mortgage obligations (2)

  $1,104,058     3.32         
                   

Mortgage-backed securities (2)

  $871,472     3.92         
                   

HELD TO MATURITY (at amortized cost)
 MATURING
 Within One Year After One But
Within Five Years
 After Five But
Within Ten Years
 After Ten Years
 Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
 (dollars in thousands)
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities$
 % $5,987
 0.50% $
 % $
 %
State and municipal (1)179
 5.58
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total$179
 5.58% $5,987
 0.50% $
 % $
 %
Mortgage-backed securities (2)$503
 6.37%            
                
AVAILABLE FOR SALE (at estimated fair value)
 MATURING
 Within One Year After One But
Within Five Years
 After Five But
Within Ten Years
 After Ten Years
 Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
 (dollars in thousands)
U.S. Government securities$334
 0.11% $
 % $
 % $
 %
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities (3)
 
 3,651
 2.09
 239
 1.51
 183
 3.06
State and municipal (1)67,468
 3.90
 27,797
 4.86
 112,650
 6.06
 114,103
 6.65
Auction rate securities (4)
 
 
 
 
 
 225,211
 1.38
Corporate debt securities
 
 655
 2.43
 41,296
 4.75
 81,355
 4.74
Total$67,802
 3.89% $32,103
 4.49% $154,185
 5.69% $420,852
 3.37%
Collateralized mortgage obligations (2)$1,001,209
 2.70%            
Mortgage-backed securities (2)$880,097
 3.34%            
(1)

Weighted average yields on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a fully taxable-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 35% and statutory interest expense disallowances.

(2)

Maturities for mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are dependent upon the interest rate environment and prepayments on the underlying loans. For the purpose of this table, the entire balance and weighted average rate is shown in one period.

(3)

Includes Small Business Administration securities, whose maturities are dependent upon prepayments on the underlying loans. For the purpose of this table, amounts are based upon contractual maturities.

(4)

Maturities of auction rate securities are based on contractual maturities.

The Corporation’s investment portfolio consists mainly of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations which have stated maturities that may differ from actual maturities due to borrowers’ ability to prepay obligations. Cash flows from such investments are dependent upon the performance of the underlying mortgage loans and are generally influenced by the level of interest rates. As rates increase, cash flows generally decrease as prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans decrease. As rates decrease, cash flows generally increase as prepayments increase.



53


The following table presents the approximate contractual maturity and interest rate sensitivity of certain loan types subject to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2010:

   One Year
or Less
   One
Through
Five Years
   More Than
Five Years
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial, financial and agricultural:

        

Adjustable and floating rate

  $637,959    $1,785,488    $349,533    $2,772,980  

Fixed rate

   245,627     564,194     121,583     931,404  
                    

Total

  $883,586    $2,349,682    $471,116    $3,704,384  
                    

Real estate – mortgage (1):

        

Adjustable and floating rate

  $960,261    $2,681,112    $1,727,434    $5,368,807  

Fixed rate

   341,202     858,790     444,948     1,644,940  
                    

Total

  $1,301,463    $3,539,902    $2,172,382    $7,013,747  
                    

Real estate – construction:

        

Adjustable and floating rate

  $299,366    $199,976    $41,560    $540,902  

Fixed rate

   68,780     142,285     49,218     260,283  
                    

Total

  $368,146    $342,261    $90,778    $801,185  
                    

2011:
 One Year
or Less
 One
Through
Five Years
 More Than
Five Years
 Total
 (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural:       
Adjustable and floating rate$541,442
 $1,800,438
 $404,214
 $2,746,094
Fixed rate216,250
 553,934
 123,090
 893,274
Total$757,692
 $2,354,372
 $527,304
 $3,639,368
Real estate – mortgage (1):       
Adjustable and floating rate$971,061
 $2,796,213
 $1,944,516
 $5,711,790
Fixed rate310,574
 1,010,519
 291,467
 1,612,560
Total$1,281,635
 $3,806,732
 $2,235,983
 $7,324,350
Real estate – construction:       
Adjustable and floating rate$211,243
 $149,848
 $42,140
 $403,231
Fixed rate68,731
 97,021
 46,462
 212,214
Total$279,974
 $246,869
 $88,602
 $615,445
(1)

Includes commercial mortgages, residential mortgages and home equity loans.

Contractual maturities of time deposits of $100,000 or more outstanding as of December 31, 20102011 are as follows (in thousands):

Three months or less

  $385,419  

Over three through six months

   293,782  

Over six through twelve months

   468,597  

Over twelve months

   573,855  
     

Total

  $1,721,653  
     

Three months or less$275,479
Over three through six months251,581
Over six through twelve months473,365
Over twelve months483,885
Total$1,484,310

The Corporation maintains liquidity sources in the form of “core” demand and savings deposits, time deposits in various denominations, including jumbo and brokered time deposits, repurchase agreements and short-term promissory notes.

Borrowing availability with the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank, along with Federal funds lines at various correspondent banks, provides the Corporation with additional liquidity.
Each of the Corporation’s subsidiary banks is a member of the FHLB and has access to FHLB overnight and term credit facilities.As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had $736.0$666.6 million of term advances outstanding from the FHLB with an additional $1.1 billion borrowing capacity of approximately $970 million of under these facilities. This availability, along with Federal funds lines at various correspondent banks, provides the Corporation with additional liquidity.

A combination of commercial real estate loans, commercial loans and securities are pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to provide access to the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window borrowings. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had $1.5$1.7 billion of collateralized borrowing availability at the Discount Window, and term auction facility and no outstanding borrowings.
















54


The following table provides information about the Corporation's interest rate sensitive financial instruments. The table presents expected cash flows and weighted average rates for each of the Corporation’s significant interest rate sensitive financial instrument,instruments, by expected maturity period (dollarsperiod. None of the Corporation's financial instruments are classified as trading. All dollars amounts are in thousands).

  Expected Maturity Period     Estimated
Fair Value
 
  2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  Beyond  Total  

Fixed rate loans (1)

 $1,082,296   $478,794   $422,339   $302,856   $268,861   $633,942   $3,189,088   $3,225,983  

Average rate

  4.11  6.30  6.16  6.14  6.10  5.76  5.40 

Floating rate loans (1) (2)

  1,907,992    1,107,990    972,906    853,473    1,775,640    2,116,207    8,734,208    8,673,545  

Average rate

  4.67  4.99  4.88  4.88  4.42  5.37  4.87 

Fixed rate investments (3)

  518,748    414,200    278,873    213,802    157,330    774,830    2,357,783    2,407,192  

Average rate

  4.25  4.34  4.46  4.33  4.39  4.06  4.25 

Floating rate investments (3)

  0    0    271,723    0    176    67,464    339,363    317,824  

Average rate

  —    —    3.15  —    1.64  2.35  2.99 

Other interest-earning assets

  117,237    0    0    0    0    0    117,237    117,237  

Average rate

  3.10  —    —    —    —    —    3.10 
                                

Total

 $3,626,273   $2,000,984   $1,945,841   $1,370,131   $2,202,007   $3,592,443   $14,737,679   $14,741,781  

Average rate

  4.39  5.17  4.86  5.07  4.62  5.10  4.83 
                                

Fixed rate deposits (4)

 $2,433,666   $867,569   $505,720   $136,386   $108,416   $13,900   $4,065,657   $4,113,183  

Average rate

  1.42  2.24  2.60  2.84  2.67  2.42  1.82 

Floating rate deposits (5)

  4,269,001    517,457    431,082    410,105    320,527    179,764    6,127,936    6,127,936  

Average rate

  0.49  0.32  0.29  0.25  0.23  0.25  0.42 

Fixed rate borrowings (6)

  90,904    102,841    5,884    5,803    150,984    742,127    1,098,543    1,072,465  

Average rate

  3.48  4.02  2.91  5.51  4.57  4.93  4.67 

Floating rate borrowings (7)

  674,364    0    0    0    0    20,620    694,984    679,336  

Average rate

  0.09  —    —    —    —    2.66  0.17 
                                

Total

 $7,467,935   $1,487,867   $942,686   $552,294   $579,927   $956,411   $11,987,120   $11,992,920  

Average rate

  0.79  1.69  1.55  0.94  1.82  3.97  1.27 
                                

thousands.
 Expected Maturity Period   Estimated
Fair Value
 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Beyond Total 
Fixed rate loans (1)$1,038,969
 $486,060
 $365,640
 $295,544
 $232,089
 $629,470
 $3,047,772
 $3,110,113
Average rate3.86% 5.90% 5.88% 5.71% 5.78% 5.23% 5.04%  
Floating rate loans (1) (2)1,736,371
 1,096,175
 958,162
 865,252
 1,863,271
 2,386,521
 8,905,752
 8,867,027
Average rate4.57% 4.69% 4.72% 4.70% 4.24% 5.04% 4.67%  
Fixed rate investments (3)585,652
 384,010
 260,013
 201,301
 163,906
 624,119
 2,219,001
 2,287,277
Average rate3.79% 3.91% 3.92% 3.90% 3.92% 3.54% 3.78%  
Floating rate investments (3)
 
 240,852
 134
 4,905
 57,517
 303,408
 275,640
Average rate
 
 2.96% 1.60% 1.24% 2.42% 2.83%  
Other interest-earning assets222,345
 
 
 
 
 
 222,345
 222,345
Average rate1.19% 
 
 
 
 
 1.19%  
Total$3,583,337
 $1,966,245
 $1,824,667
 $1,362,231
 $2,264,171
 $3,697,627
 $14,698,278
 $14,762,402
Average rate4.03% 4.84% 4.61% 4.80% 4.37% 4.78% 4.52%  
                
Fixed rate deposits (4)$2,123,864
 $796,654
 $277,503
 $195,809
 $69,710
 $26,816
 $3,490,356
 $3,532,653
Average rate1.21% 1.94% 2.05% 2.46% 2.10% 2.17% 1.54%  
Floating rate deposits (5)4,652,737
 644,089
 447,638
 354,691
 257,718
 90,476
 6,447,349
 6,447,349
Average rate0.29% 0.18% 0.16% 0.14% 0.14% 0.23% 0.26%  
Fixed rate borrowings (6)129,225
 5,955
 5,886
 151,032
 236,470
 490,693
 1,019,261
 976,005
Average rate3.27% 2.93% 5.50% 4.57% 4.00% 5.29% 4.61%  
Floating rate borrowings (7)597,301
 
 
 
 
 20,620
 617,921
 603,038
Average rate0.13% 
 
 
 
 2.91% 0.22%  
Total$7,503,127
 $1,446,698
 $731,027
 $701,532
 $563,898
 $628,605
 $11,574,887
 $11,559,045
Average rate0.59% 1.16% 0.92% 1.74% 2.00% 4.35% 1.02%  
(1)

Amounts are based on contractual payments and maturities, adjusted for expected prepayments. Excludes $15.4 million of overdraft deposit balances.

(2)

Line of credit amounts are based on historical cash flow assumptions, with an average life of approximately 5 years.

(3)

Amounts are based on contractual maturities; adjusted for expected prepayments on mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations and expected calls on agency and municipal securities.

Excludes equity securities as such investments do not have maturity dates.
(4)

Amounts are based on contractual maturities of time deposits.

(5)

Estimated based on history of deposit flows.

(6)

Amounts are based on contractual maturities of debt instruments, adjusted for possible calls. Amounts also include junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures.

(7)

Amounts include Federal funds purchased, short-term promissory notes and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which mature in less than 90 days, in addition to junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures.

The preceding table and discussion addressed the liquidity implications of interest rate risk and focused on expected cash flows from financial instruments. Expected maturities, however, do not necessarily reflect the net interest impact of interest rate changes. Certain financial instruments, such as adjustable rate loans, have repricing periods that differ from expected cash flow periods.
Included within the $8.7$8.9 billion of floating rate loans above are $3.8$3.9 billion of loans, or 44.1% of the total, that float with the prime interest rate, $1.2$1.3 billion, or 13.4%14.4%, of loans which float with other interest rates, primarily the London Interbank OfferingOffered Rate (LIBOR), and $3.7 billion, or 42.5%41.5%, of adjustable rate loans. The $3.7 billion of adjustable rate loans include loans that are fixed rate instruments for a certain period of time, and then convert to floating rates.






55


The following table presents the percentage of adjustable rate loans, at December 31, 2010,2011, stratified by the period until their next repricing:

Fixed Rate Term

 Percent of Total
Adjustable Rate
Loans

One year

 28.329.1%

Two years

 26.921.0

Three years

 16.223.3

Four years

 13.212.9

Five years

 10.810.3

Greater than five years

 3.84.2

As of December 31, 2011, approximately $5.5 billion of loans had interest rate floors, with approximately $3.1 billion priced at their interest rate floor. Of this total, approximately $2.5 billion are scheduled to reprice during the next twelve months. The weighted average interest rate increase that would be necessary for these loans to begin repricing to higher rates was approximately 0.77%.
The Corporation uses three complementary methods to measure and manage interest rate risk. They are static gap analysis, simulation of earnings, and estimates of economic value of equity. Using these measurements in tandem provides a reasonably comprehensive summary of the magnitude of the Corporation's interest rate risk, in the Corporation, level of risk as time evolves, and exposure to changes in interest rates.

Static gap provides a measurement of repricing risk in the Corporation’s balance sheet as of a point in time. This measurement is accomplished through stratification of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities into repricing periods. The sum of assets and liabilities in each of these periods are compared for mismatches within that maturity segment. Core deposits having no contractual maturities are placed into repricing periods based upon historical balance performance. Repricing for mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations includesare based on expected cash flows which include the effecteffects of expected cash flows. Expected prepayment effects are applied to these balancesprepayments as determined based upon industry projections for prepayment speeds. The Corporation’s policy limits the cumulative six-month ratio of rate sensitive assets to rate sensitive liabilities (RSA/RSL) to a range of 0.85 to 1.15. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the cumulative six-month ratio of RSA/RSL was 1.06.

1.08.

Simulation of net interest income and net income is performed for the next twelve-month period. A variety of interest rate scenarios are used to measure the effects of sudden and gradual movements upward and downward in the yield curve. These results are compared to the results obtained in a flat or unchanged interest rate scenario. Simulation of earnings is used primarily to measure the Corporation’s short-term earnings exposure to interest rate movements. The Corporation’s policy limits the potential exposure of net interest income to 10% of the base case net interest income for a 100 basis point shock in interest rates, 15% for a 200 basis point shock and 20% for a 300 basis point shock. A “shock’"shock" is an immediate upward or downward movement of interest rates across the yield curve. The shocks do not take into account changes in customer behavior that could result in changes to mix and/or volumes in the balance sheet nor do they account for competitive pricing over the forward 12-month period. The following table summarizes the expected impact of interest rate shocks on net interest income (due to the current level of interest rates, the 200 and 300 basis point downward shock scenarios are not shown):

Rate Shock

Annual change

in net interest income

 % Change

+300 bp

+ $58.0 million $45.910.2%
+200 bp+ $33.4 million +  5.9%
+100 bp+ 7.7

+200 bp

$10.1 million
 +  $26.01.8%
–100 bp (1)– $15.2 million + 4.4

+100 bp

+ $  8.6 million+ 1.4

–100 bp (1)

–  $  5.4 million– 0.92.7%


(1)

Because certain current short-term interest rates are at or below 1.00%, the 100 basis point downward shock assumes that certain corresponding short-term interest rates approach an implied floor that, in effect, reflects a decrease of less than the full 100 basis point downward shock.

Economic value of equity estimates the discounted present value of asset and liability cash flows.Discount rates are based upon market prices for like assets and liabilities. Upward and downward shocks of interest rates are used to determine the comparative effect of such interest rate movements relative to the unchanged environment. This measurement tool is used primarily to evaluate the longer-term repricing risks and options in the Corporation’s balance sheet. A policy limit of 10% of economic equity may be at risk for every 100 basis point shock movement in interest rates. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation was within economic value of equity policy limits for every 100 basis point shock movement in interest rates.


56


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in thousands, except per-share data)

   December 31 
   2010  2009 

Assets

   

Cash and due from banks

  $198,954   $284,508  

Interest-bearing deposits with other banks

   33,297    16,591  

Loans held for sale

   83,940    85,384  

Investment securities:

   

Held to maturity (estimated fair value of $7,818 in 2010 and $8,797 in 2009)

   7,751    8,700  

Available for sale

   2,853,733    3,258,386  

Loans, net of unearned income

   11,933,307    11,972,424  

Less: Allowance for loan losses

   (274,271  (256,698
         

Net Loans

   11,659,036    11,715,726  
         

Premises and equipment

   208,016    204,203  

Accrued interest receivable

   53,841    58,515  

Goodwill

   535,518    534,862  

Intangible assets

   12,461    17,701  

Other assets

   628,707    451,059  
         

Total Assets

  $16,275,254   $16,635,635  
         

Liabilities

   

Deposits:

   

Noninterest-bearing

  $2,194,988   $2,012,837  

Interest-bearing

   10,193,593    10,085,077  
         

Total Deposits

   12,388,581    12,097,914  
         

Short-term borrowings:

   

Federal funds purchased

   267,844    378,067  

Other short-term borrowings

   406,233    490,873  
         

Total Short-Term Borrowings

   674,077    868,940  
         

Accrued interest payable

   33,333    46,596  

Other liabilities

   179,424    144,930  

Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt

   1,119,450    1,540,773  
         

Total Liabilities

   14,394,865    14,699,153  
         

Shareholders’ Equity

   

Preferred stock, 10.0 million shares authorized in 2010 and 2009, $1,000 par value and 376,500 shares outstanding in 2009

   0    370,290  

Common stock, $2.50 par value, 600 million shares authorized, 215.4 million shares issued in 2010 and 193.0 million shares issued in 2009

   538,492    482,491  

Additional paid-in capital

   1,420,127    1,257,730  

Retained earnings

   158,453    71,999  

Accumulated other comprehensive income:

   

Unrealized gains on investment securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

   22,354    24,975  

Unrealized non-credit related losses on other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities

   (2,355  (8,349

Unrecognized pension and postretirement plan costs

   (4,414  (5,942

Unamortized effective portions of losses on forward-starting interest rate swaps

   (3,090  (3,226
         

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   12,495    7,458  

Treasury stock (16.3 million shares in 2010 and 16.6 million shares in 2009), at cost

   (249,178  (253,486
         

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   1,880,389    1,936,482  
         

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

  $16,275,254   $16,635,635  
         

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 (dollars in thousands, except per-share data)
 December 31
 2011 2010
Assets   
Cash and due from banks$292,598
 $198,954
Interest-bearing deposits with other banks175,336
 33,297
Loans held for sale47,009
 83,940
Investment securities:
 
Held to maturity (estimated fair value of $6,699 in 2011 and $7,818 in 2010)6,669
 7,751
Available for sale2,673,298
 2,853,733
Loans, net of unearned income11,968,970
 11,933,307
Less: Allowance for loan losses(256,471) (274,271)
Net Loans11,712,499
 11,659,036
Premises and equipment212,274
 208,016
Accrued interest receivable51,098
 53,841
Goodwill536,005
 535,518
Intangible assets8,204
 12,461
Other assets655,518
 628,707
Total Assets$16,370,508
 $16,275,254
Liabilities   
Deposits:   
Noninterest-bearing$2,588,034
 $2,194,988
Interest-bearing9,937,705
 10,193,593
Total Deposits12,525,739
 12,388,581
Short-term borrowings:   
Federal funds purchased253,470
 267,844
Other short-term borrowings343,563
 406,233
Total Short-Term Borrowings597,033
 674,077
Accrued interest payable25,686
 33,333
Other liabilities189,362
 179,424
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and long-term debt1,040,149
 1,119,450
Total Liabilities14,377,969
 14,394,865
Shareholders’ Equity   
Common stock, $2.50 par value, 600 million shares authorized, 216.2 million shares issued in 2011 and 215.4 million shares issued in 2010540,386
 538,492
Additional paid-in capital1,423,727
 1,420,127
Retained earnings264,059
 158,453
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
 
Unrealized gains on investment securities not other-than-temporarily impaired27,054
 22,354
Unrealized non-credit related losses on other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities(1,011) (2,355)
Unrecognized pension and postretirement plan costs(15,134) (4,414)
Unamortized effective portions of losses on forward-starting interest rate swaps(2,954) (3,090)
Accumulated other comprehensive income7,955
 12,495
Treasury stock, at cost,16.0 million shares outstanding in 2011 and 16.3 million shares in 2010(243,588) (249,178)
Total Shareholders’ Equity1,992,539
 1,880,389
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity$16,370,508
 $16,275,254
    
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   

57

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in thousands, except per-share data)

   2010  2009  2008 

Interest Income

    

Loans, including fees

  $629,410   $649,089   $727,124  

Investment securities:

    

Taxable

   96,237    112,945    110,220  

Tax-exempt

   13,333    16,368    18,137  

Dividends

   2,800    2,479    5,726  

Loans held for sale

   3,088    5,390    5,701  

Other interest income

   505    196    586  
             

Total Interest Income

   745,373    786,467    867,494  

Interest Expense

    

Deposits

   122,359    180,826    212,114  

Short-term borrowings

   1,455    3,777    50,091  

Long-term debt

   62,813    80,910    81,141  
             

Total Interest Expense

   186,627    265,513    343,346  
             

Net Interest Income

   558,746    520,954    524,148  

Provision for credit losses

   160,000    190,020    119,626  
             

Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses

   398,746    330,934    404,522  

Other Income

    

Service charges on deposit accounts

   58,592    60,450    61,640  

Other service charges and fees

   45,023    40,425    39,087  

Investment management and trust services

   34,173    32,076    32,734  

Mortgage banking income

   29,304    25,061    10,627  

Gain on sale of credit card portfolio

   0    0    13,910  

Other

   17,109    16,769    14,140  

Investment securities gains (losses), net:

    

Other-than-temporary impairment losses

   (14,519  (17,768  (65,336

Less: Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (before taxes)

   568    4,367    0  
             

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses

   (13,951  (13,401  (65,336

Net gains on sales of investment securities

   14,652    14,480    7,095  
             

Investment securities gains (losses), net

   701    1,079    (58,241
             

Total Other Income

   184,902    175,860    113,897  

Other Expenses

    

Salaries and employee benefits

   216,487    218,812    213,557  

Net occupancy expense

   43,533    42,040    42,239  

FDIC insurance expense

   19,715    26,579    4,562  

Data processing

   13,263    14,432    15,653  

Equipment expense

   11,692    12,820    13,332  

Professional fees

   11,523    9,099    7,618  

Marketing

   11,163    8,915    13,267  

Other real estate owned and repossession expense

   10,023    8,866    6,270  

Telecommunications

   8,543    8,608    8,172  

Intangible amortization

   5,240    5,747    7,162  

Operating risk loss

   3,025    7,550    24,308  

Goodwill impairment

   0    0    90,000  

Other

   56,700    53,994    53,326  
             

Total Other Expenses

   410,907    417,462    499,466  
             

Income Before Income Taxes

   172,741    89,332    18,953  

Income taxes

   44,409    15,408    24,570  
             

Net Income (Loss)

   128,332    73,924    (5,617

Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion

   (16,303  (20,169  (463
             

Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders

  $112,029   $53,755   $(6,080
             

Per Common Share:

    

Net Income (Loss) (Basic)

  $0.59   $0.31   $(0.03

Net Income (Loss) (Diluted)

   0.59    0.31    (0.03

Cash Dividends

   0.12    0.12    0.60  

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(dollars in thousands, except per-share data)
 2011 2010 2009
Interest Income     
Loans, including fees$596,390
 $629,410
 $649,089
Investment securities:     
Taxable80,184
 96,237
 112,945
Tax-exempt12,039
 13,333
 16,368
Dividends2,769
 2,800
 2,479
Loans held for sale1,958
 3,088
 5,390
Other interest income358
 505
 196
Total Interest Income693,698
 745,373
 786,467
Interest Expense     
Deposits83,083
 122,359
 180,826
Short-term borrowings746
 1,455
 3,777
Long-term debt49,709
 62,813
 80,910
Total Interest Expense133,538
 186,627
 265,513
Net Interest Income560,160
 558,746
 520,954
Provision for credit losses135,000
 160,000
 190,020
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses425,160
 398,746
 330,934
Other Income     
Service charges on deposit accounts58,078
 58,592
 60,450
Other service charges and fees47,482
 45,023
 40,425
Investment management and trust services36,483
 34,173
 32,076
Mortgage banking income25,674
 29,304
 25,061
Other15,449
 14,527
 14,844
Investment securities gains (losses), net:     
Other-than-temporary impairment losses(1,997) (14,519) (17,768)
Less: Portion of (gain) loss recognized in other comprehensive loss (before taxes)(913) 568
 4,367
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses(2,910) (13,951) (13,401)
Net gains on sales of investment securities7,471
 14,652
 14,480
Investment securities gains, net4,561
 701
 1,079
Total Other Income187,727
 182,320
 173,935
Other Expenses     
Salaries and employee benefits227,435
 216,487
 218,812
Net occupancy expense44,003
 43,533
 42,040
FDIC insurance expense14,480
 19,715
 26,579
Data processing13,541
 13,263
 14,432
Equipment expense12,870
 11,692
 12,820
Professional fees12,159
 11,523
 9,099
Marketing9,667
 11,163
 8,915
Other real estate owned and repossession expense8,366
 7,441
 6,941
Telecommunications8,119
 8,543
 8,608
Intangible amortization4,257
 5,240
 5,747
Other61,579
 59,725
 61,544
Total Other Expenses416,476
 408,325
 415,537
Income Before Income Taxes196,411
 172,741
 89,332
Income taxes50,838
 44,409
 15,408
Net Income145,573
 128,332
 73,924
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion
 (16,303) (20,169)
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders$145,573
 $112,029
 $53,755
Per Common Share:     
Net Income (Basic)$0.73
 $0.59
 $0.31
Net Income (Diluted)0.73
 0.59
 0.31
Cash Dividends0.20
 0.12
 0.12
      
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements     

58

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

     Common Stock  Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Retained
Earnings
  Accumulated
Other

Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
       
  Preferred
Stock
  Shares
Outstanding
  Amount     Treasury
Stock
  Total 
           (in thousands)          

Balance at December 31, 2007

 $0    173,503   $479,559   $1,254,369   $141,993   $(21,773 $(279,228 $1,574,920  

Impact of pension plan measurement date change (net of $23,000 tax effect)

      43      43  

Cumulative effect of initial recognition of split-dollar life insurance liability

      (677    (677

Comprehensive Income (Loss):

        

Net Loss

      (5,617    (5,617

Other comprehensive income

       3,866     3,866  
           

Total comprehensive loss

         (1,751
           

Preferred stock and common stock warrant issued

  368,900      7,600       376,500  

Stock issued, including related tax benefits

   1,541    1,419    (3,080    14,838    13,177  

Stock-based compensation awards

     2,058       2,058  

Preferred stock discount accretion

  44       (44    0  

Common stock cash dividends - $0.60 per share

      (104,623    (104,623
                                

Balance at December 31, 2008

 $368,944    175,044   $480,978   $1,260,947   $31,075   $(17,907 $(264,390 $1,859,647  

Cumulative effect of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 adoption (net of $3.4 million tax effect)

      6,298    (6,298   0  

Comprehensive Income:

        

Net Income

      73,924      73,924  

Other comprehensive income

       31,663     31,663  
           

Total comprehensive income

         105,587  
           

Stock issued, including related tax benefits

   1,320    1,513    (4,998    10,904    7,419  

Stock-based compensation awards

     1,781       1,781  

Preferred stock discount accretion

  1,346       (1,346    0  

Preferred stock cash dividends

      (16,836    (16,836

Common stock cash dividends - $0.12 per share

      (21,116    (21,116
                                

Balance at December 31, 2009

 $370,290    176,364   $482,491   $1,257,730   $71,999   $7,458   $(253,486 $1,936,482  

Comprehensive Income:

        

Net Income

      128,332      128,332  

Other comprehensive income

       5,037     5,037  
           

Total comprehensive income

         133,369  
           

Stock issued, including related tax benefits

   22,686    56,001    171,201      4,308    231,510  

Stock-based compensation awards

     1,996       1,996  

Redemption of preferred stock and repurchase of common stock warrant

  (376,500    (10,800     (387,300

Preferred stock discount accretion

  6,210       (6,210    0  

Preferred stock cash dividends

      (12,496    (12,496

Common stock cash dividends - $0.12 per share

      (23,172    (23,172
                                

Balance at December 31, 2010

 $0    199,050   $538,492   $1,420,127   $158,453   $12,495   $(249,178 $1,880,389  
                                

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
   Common Stock Additional
Paid-in
Capital
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    
 Preferred
Stock
 Shares
Outstanding
 Amount  Retained
Earnings
  Treasury
Stock
 Total
 (in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2008$368,944
 175,044
 $480,978
 $1,260,947
 $31,075
 $(17,907) $(264,390) $1,859,647
Cumulative effect of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 adoption (net of $3.4 million tax effect)
 
 
 
 6,298
 (6,298) 
 
Comprehensive Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
 
 
 73,924
 
 
 73,924
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 31,663
 
 31,663
Total comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 105,587
Stock issued, including related tax benefits

 1,320
 1,513
 (4,998) 
 
 10,904
 7,419
Stock-based compensation awards
 
 
 1,781
 
 
 

 1,781
Preferred stock discount accretion1,346
 
 
 
 (1,346) 
 
 
Preferred stock cash dividends

 
 
 
 (16,836) 
 
 (16,836)
Common stock cash dividends - $0.12 per share
 
 
 
 (21,116) 
 
 (21,116)
Balance at December 31, 2009$370,290
 176,364
 $482,491
 $1,257,730
 $71,999
 $7,458
 $(253,486) $1,936,482
Comprehensive Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
 
 
 128,332
 
 
 128,332
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 5,037
 
 5,037
Total comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 133,369
Stock issued, including related tax benefits
 22,686
 56,001
 171,201
 
 
 4,308
 231,510
Stock-based compensation awards
 
 
 1,996
 
 
 
 1,996
Redemption of preferred stock and repurchase of common stock warrant(376,500) 
 
 (10,800) 
 
 
 (387,300)
Preferred stock discount accretion6,210
 
 
 
 (6,210) 
 
 
Preferred stock cash dividends
 
 
 
 (12,496) 
 
 (12,496)
Common stock cash dividends - $0.12 per share
 
 
 
 (23,172) 
 
 (23,172)
Balance at December 31, 2010$
 199,050
 $538,492
 $1,420,127
 $158,453
 $12,495
 $(249,178) $1,880,389
Comprehensive Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
 
 
 145,573
 
 
 145,573
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 (4,540) 
 (4,540)
Total comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 141,033
Stock issued, including related tax benefits
 1,114
 1,894
 (649) 
 
 5,590
 6,835
Stock-based compensation awards
 
 
 4,249
 
 
 
 4,249
Common stock cash dividends - $0.20 per share
 
 
 
 (39,967) 
 
 (39,967)
Balance at December 31, 2011$
 200,164
 $540,386
 $1,423,727
 $264,059
 $7,955
 $(243,588) $1,992,539
                
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


59

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

   Year Ended December 31, 
   2010  2009  2008 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net Income (Loss)

  $128,332   $73,924   $(5,617

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

    

Provision for credit losses

   160,000    190,020    119,626  

Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment

   20,477    20,601    19,693  

Net amortization of investment security premiums

   5,178    1,706    290  

Deferred income tax expense (benefit)

   5,544    (20,432  (52,483

Investment securities (gains) losses

   (701  (1,079  58,241  

Gains on sales of mortgage loans

   (27,519  (22,644  (10,332

Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale

   1,617,452    2,142,591    658,437  

Originations of mortgage loans held for sale

   (1,588,489  (2,109,491  (655,459

Amortization of intangible assets

   5,240    5,747    7,162  

Stock-based compensation

   1,996    1,781    2,058  

Decrease in accrued interest receivable

   4,674    51    14,869  

Gain on sale of credit card portfolio

   0    0    (13,910

Goodwill impairment

   0    0    90,000  

Increase in other assets

   (9,173  (83,777  (3,825

Decrease in accrued interest payable

   (13,263  (7,082  (15,560

Decrease in other liabilities

   (24,939  (9,334  (18,444
             

Total adjustments

   156,477    108,658    200,363  
             

Net cash provided by operating activities

   284,809    182,582    194,746  

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

    

Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale

   469,821    689,432    740,353  

Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity

   574    4,231    6,644  

Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale

   774,403    789,301    631,324  

Proceeds from sale of credit card portfolio

   0    0    100,516  

Purchase of securities held to maturity

   (215  (3,528  (6,038

Purchase of securities available for sale

   (954,700  (2,002,888  (983,713

(Increase) decrease in short-term investments

   (16,706  5,119    (557

Net increase in loans

   (102,938  (42,408  (961,002

Net purchases of premises and equipment

   (24,290  (22,147  (29,054
             

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   145,949    (582,888  (501,527

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net increase (decrease) in demand and savings deposits

   974,566    1,330,250    (115,100

Net (decrease) increase in time deposits

   (683,899  215,748    561,571  

Decrease in short-term borrowings

   (194,863  (893,830  (621,174

Additions to long-term debt

   47,900    0    344,690  

Repayments of long-term debt

   (469,223  (247,024  (199,026

(Redemption) issuance of preferred stock and common stock warrant

   (387,300  0    376,500  

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

   231,510    7,419    13,177  

Dividends paid

   (35,003  (58,913  (103,976
             

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

   (516,312  353,650    256,662  
             

Net Decrease in Cash and Due From Banks

   (85,554  (46,656  (50,119

Cash and Due From Banks at Beginning of Year

   284,508    331,164    381,283  
             

Cash and Due From Banks at End of Year

  $198,954   $284,508   $331,164  
             

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

    

Cash paid during period for:

    

Interest

  $199,890   $272,595   $358,906  

Income taxes

   42,845    22,599    80,327  

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 Year Ended December 31,
 2011 2010 2009
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:     
Net Income$145,573
 $128,332
 $73,924
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Provision for credit losses135,000
 160,000
 190,020
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment21,081
 20,477
 20,601
Net amortization of investment security premiums6,022
 5,178
 1,706
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)4,378
 5,544
 (20,432)
Investment securities gains(4,561) (701) (1,079)
Gains on sales of mortgage loans(22,207) (27,519) (22,644)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale1,228,668
 1,588,489
 2,154,779
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale(1,160,516) (1,559,526) (2,121,679)
Amortization of intangible assets4,257
 5,240
 5,747
Stock-based compensation4,249
 1,996
 1,781
Decrease in accrued interest receivable2,743
 4,674
 51
Decrease (increase) in other assets32,084
 (9,173) (83,777)
Decrease in accrued interest payable(7,647) (13,263) (7,082)
Decrease in other liabilities(17,126) (24,939) (9,334)
Total adjustments226,425
 156,477
 108,658
Net cash provided by operating activities371,998
 284,809
 182,582
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:     
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale441,961
 469,821
 689,432
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity454
 574
 4,231
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale667,171
 774,403
 789,301
Purchase of securities held to maturity(29) (215) (3,528)
Purchase of securities available for sale(984,286) (954,700) (2,002,888)
(Increase) decrease in short-term investments(142,039) (16,706) 5,119
Net increase in loans(189,669) (102,938) (42,408)
Net purchases of premises and equipment(25,339) (24,290) (22,147)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(231,776) 145,949
 (582,888)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:     
Net increase in demand and savings deposits753,176
 974,566
 1,330,250
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits(616,018) (683,899) 215,748
Decrease in short-term borrowings(77,044) (194,863) (893,830)
Additions to long-term debt25,000
 47,900
 
Repayments of long-term debt(104,610) (469,223) (247,024)
Redemption of preferred stock and common stock warrant
 (387,300) 
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock6,835
 231,510
 7,419
Dividends paid(33,917) (35,003) (58,913)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(46,578) (516,312) 353,650
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Due From Banks93,644
 (85,554) (46,656)
Cash and Due From Banks at Beginning of Year198,954
 284,508
 331,164
Cash and Due From Banks at End of Year$292,598
 $198,954
 $284,508
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information     
Cash paid during period for:     
Interest$141,185
 $199,890
 $272,595
Income taxes20,920
 42,845
 22,599
      
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements     

60


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE A – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business:

NOTE A – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business: Fulton Financial Corporation (Parent Company) is a multi-bank financial holding company which provides a full range of banking and financial services to businesses and consumers through its sevensix wholly owned banking subsidiaries: Fulton Bank, N.A., Swineford NationalFulton Bank of New Jersey, The Columbia Bank, Lafayette Ambassador Bank, FNB Bank, N.A., The Bank, The Columbia Bank and Skylands CommunitySwineford National Bank. In addition, the Parent Company owns the following non-bank subsidiaries: Fulton Reinsurance Company, LTD, Fulton Financial Realty Company, Central Pennsylvania Financial Corp., FFC Management, Inc., FFC Penn Square, Inc. and Fulton Insurance Services Group, Inc. Collectively, the Parent Company and its subsidiaries are referred to as the Corporation.

The Corporation has consolidated wholly owned banking subsidiaries in some markets and in certain circumstances to leverage one bank’s stronger brand recognition over a larger market. It also enables the Corporation to create operating and marketing efficiencies and avoid direct competition between two or more subsidiary banks. In December 2010, the former Delaware National Bank subsidiary consolidated with Fulton Bank, N.A. In 2009, the former Peoples Bank of Elkton subsidiary and the former Hagerstown Trust Company subsidiary consolidated with The Columbia Bank. In March 2008, the former Resource Bank subsidiary consolidated with Fulton Bank, N.A.

In 2009, the Corporation’s investment management and trust services subsidiary, Fulton Financial Advisors, N.A., became an operating subsidiary of Fulton Bank. Concurrently with this transaction, Fulton Bank converted its Pennsylvania state charter to a national charter, thereby becoming Fulton Bank, N.A.

The Corporation’s primary sources of revenue are interest income on loans and investment securities and fee income on its products and services. Its expenses consist of interest expense on deposits and borrowed funds, provision for credit losses, other operating expenses and income taxes. The Corporation’s primary competition is other financial services providers operating in its region. Competitors also include financial services providers located outside the Corporation’s geographical market as a result of the growth in electronic delivery systems. The Corporation is subject to the regulations of certain Federal and state agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by such regulatory authorities.

The Corporation offers, through its banking subsidiaries, a full range of retail and commercial banking services throughout central and eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Virginia. Industry diversity is the key to the economic well-being of these markets, and the Corporation is not dependent upon any single customer or industry.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation: The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of the Parent Company and all wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Fair Value Option: FASB ASC The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) Subtopic 825-10 permits entities to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value and requires certain disclosures for items for which the fair value option is applied.

The Corporation has elected to record mortgage loans held for sale at fair value to more accurately reflect the results of its mortgage banking activities in its consolidated financial statements. Derivative financial instruments related to these activities are also recorded at fair value, as detailed under the heading “Derivative Financial Instruments” below. The Corporation determines fair value for its mortgage loans held for sale based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Changes in fair value during the period are recorded as components of mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of operations.income. Interest income earned on mortgage loans held for sale is classified within interest income on the consolidated statements of operations.

income.



61


The following table presents a summary of the Corporation’s mortgage loans held for sale and the impact of the fair value election on the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 20102011 and 2009:

   Cost (1)   Fair Value   

Balance Sheet
Classification

  Fair Value
Adjustment
Loss
  

Statements of Operations
Classification

   (in thousands)

December 31, 2010:

         

Mortgage loans held for sale

  $84,604    $83,940    Loans held for sale  $(1,423 Mortgage banking income

December 31, 2009:

         

Mortgage loans held for sale

   78,819     79,577    Loans held for sale   (1,022 Mortgage banking income

2010:
 Cost (1) Fair Value Balance Sheet
Classification
 Fair Value
Gain (Loss)
 Statements of Income Classification
 (in thousands)
December 31, 2011:         
Mortgage loans held for sale$45,324
 $47,009
 Loans held for sale $2,349
 Mortgage banking income
December 31, 2010:         
Mortgage loans held for sale84,604
 83,940
 Loans held for sale (1,423) Mortgage banking income
(1)

Cost basis of mortgage loans held for sale represents the unpaid principal balance.


Investments: Debt securities are classified as held to maturity at the time of purchase when the Corporation has both the intent and ability to hold these investments until they mature. Such debt securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the effective yield method. The Corporation does not engage in trading activities, however, since the investment portfolio serves as a source of liquidity, most debt securities and all marketable equity securities are classified as available for sale. Securities available for sale are carried at estimated fair value with the related unrealized holding gains and losses reported in shareholders’ equity as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax. Realized securities gains and losses are computed using the specific identification method and are recorded on a trade date basis.

Securities are evaluated periodically to determine whether declines in value are other-than-temporary. For its investments in equity securities, most notably its investments in stocks of financial institutions, the Corporation evaluates the near-term prospects of the issuers in relation to the severity and duration of the impairment. Equity securities with fair values less than cost are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired if the Corporation does not have the ability and intent to hold the investments for a reasonable period of time that would be sufficient for a recovery of fair value.

Impaired debt securities are determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired if the Corporation concludes at the balance sheet date that it has the intent to sell, or believes it will more likely than not be required to sell, an impaired debt security before a recovery of its amortized cost basis. Credit losses on other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities are recorded through earnings, regardless of the intent or the requirement to sell. Credit loss is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired debt security’s expected cash flows and its amortized cost basis. Non-credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges are recorded as decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income as long as the Corporation has no intent or expected requirement to sell the impaired debt security before a recovery of its amortized cost basis.

In April 2009, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 115-2 and 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-than-Temporary Impairments” (FSP FAS 115-2). Upon adoption of FSP FAS 115-2, the Corporation determined that $9.7$9.7 million of other-than-temporary impairment charges previously recorded for pooled trust preferred securities were non-credit related. As such, a $6.3$6.3 million (net of $3.4$3.4 million of taxes) increase to retained earnings and a corresponding decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income was recorded as the cumulative effect of adopting FSP FAS 115-2 as of January 1, 2009.

2009.

Loans and Revenue Recognition: Loan and lease financing receivables are stated at their principal amount outstanding, except for mortgage loans held for sale, which the Corporation has elected to carry at fair value. Interest income on loans is accrued as earned. Unearned income on lease financing receivables is recognized on a basis which approximates the effective yield method. Premiums and discounts on purchased loans are amortized as adjustments to interest income using the effective yield method.

In general, a loan is placed on non-accrual status once it becomes 90 days delinquent as to principal or interest. In certain cases a loan may be placed on non-accrual status prior to being 90 days delinquent if there is an indication that the borrower is having difficulty making payments, or the Corporation believes it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest previously credited to income is reversed. Non-accrual loans may be restored to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest has been paid currently for six consecutive months or the loan is considered secured and in the process of collection.


A loan that is 90 days delinquent may continue to accrue interest if the loan is both adequately secured and is in the process of collection. An adequately secured loan is one that has collateral with a supported fair value that is sufficient to discharge the debt, and/or has an enforceable guarantee from a financially responsible party. A loan is considered to be in the process of collection if collection is proceeding through legal action or through other activities that are reasonably expected to result in repayment of the debt or restoration to current status in the near future.


62


Loan Origination Fees and Costs: Loan origination fees and the related direct origination costs are offset and the net amount is deferred and amortized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to interest income using the effective interest method. For mortgage loans sold, the net amount is included in gain or loss upon the sale of the related mortgage loan.

Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in its unfunded loan commitments and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The allowance for credit losses is increased by charges to expense, through the provision for credit losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments are adequate as of the balance sheet date; however, future changes to the allowance or reserve may be necessary based on changes in any of the factors discussed in the following paragraphs.

Maintaining an adequate allowance for credit losses is dependent upon various factors, including the ability to identify potential problem loans in a timely manner. For commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans, an internal risk rating process, consisting of nine general classifications ranging from “excellent” to “loss,” is used. Risk ratings are initially assigned to loans by loan officers and are reviewed on a regular basis by loan review staff. Ratings will change if the ongoing monitoring procedures or specific loan review activities identify a deterioration or an improvement in the loan. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and to allocate resources to managing troubled accounts.

The risk rating process is not practical for residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, installment loans and lease receivables, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based on aggregate payment history, through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends.

The Corporation’s established methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loancredit losses considers both components of the allowance: 1) specific allowances allocated to loans evaluated individually for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35,310-10-35; and 2) allowances calculated for pools of loans evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.

A loan evaluated individually for impairment is considered to be impaired if the Corporation believes it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are required to be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or at the loan’s observable market price or at the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of collateral is generally based on appraisals, discounted to arrive at expected sale prices, net of estimated selling costs. An allowance for loan losses is allocated toestablished for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. In addition, a reserve for unfunded lending commitments may be allocated for impairedImpaired loans with unused commitments to extend credit.

balances greater than $1.0 million are evaluated individually for impairment. Impaired loans with balances less than $1.0 million are pooled and measured for impairment collectively.

As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, substantially all of the Corporation’s impaired loans with balances greater than $1.0 million were measured based on the estimated fair value of each loan’s collateral. Collateral could be in the form of real estate, in the case of impaired commercial mortgages and construction loans, or business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, in the case of commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and industrial loans may also be secured by real property.

For loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through certified third-party appraisals. When a real estate-secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including: the age of the most recent appraisal; the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal; the condition of the property; the Corporation’s experience and knowledge of the market; the purpose of the loan; environmental factors; payment status; the strength of any guarantors; and the existence and age of other indications of value such as broker price opinions, among others.


As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, approximately 52% 78%and 40%52%, respectively, of impaired loans secured by real estate with principal balances greater than $1$1 million were measured at estimated fair value using certified third-party appraisals that had been updated within the preceding 12 months. AppraisedThe fair value of collateral is generally based on appraised values, are discounted to arrive at theexpected sale prices, net of estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property.

costs.

Where updated certified appraisals are not obtained for loans individually evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 that are secured by real estate, fair values are estimated based on one or more of the following:

Original appraisal – if the original appraisal indicated a very strong loan to value position and, in the opinion of the Corporation’s internal loan evaluation staff, there has not been a significant deterioration in the collateral value, the original appraisal may be used to support the value of the collateral. Appropriate discounts are applied to the appraised value to adjust for market changes since the date the appraisal was completed, to arrive at an estimated selling price for the collateral. Original appraisals are typically used only when the estimated collateral value, as adjusted, results in a current loan to value ratio that is lower than the Corporation’s policy for new loans, generally 80%.

Broker price opinions – in lieu of obtaining an updated certified appraisal, a less formal indication of value, such as a


63


broker price opinion, may be obtained. These opinions are generally used to validate internal estimates of collateral value and are not relied upon as the sole determinant of fair value.

Discounted cash flows – while substantially all of the Corporation’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of collateral, discounted cash flows analyses may be used to validate estimates of collateral value derived from other approaches.

For impaired loans with principal balances greater than $1 million secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable or inventory, estimated fair values are determined based on borrower financial statements, inventory listings, accounts receivable agings or borrowing base certificates. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. Liquidation or collection discounts are applied to these assets based upon existing loan evaluation policies.

All loans not evaluated individually for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 are evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20, using a pooled loss evaluation approach. In general, these loans include residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, and lease receivables. CertainAccruing commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans are also evaluated collectively for impairment.

impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20.


The Corporation evaluates loans collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20 through the following procedures:

The loans are segmented into pools with similar characteristics, such as general loan type, secured or unsecured and type of collateral. Commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans are further segmented into separate pools based on internally assigned risk ratings.

Residential mortgages, home equity loans, consumer loans, and lease receivables are further segmented into separate pools based on delinquency status.

A loss rate is calculated for each pool through a regression analysis based on historical loss experience. Typically, this rate is based on actual losses foras loans migrate through the most recent four years, with more recent years weighted more heavily.

various risk rating or delinquency categories.

The loss rate is adjusted to consider qualitative factors, such as economic conditions and trends.

The resulting adjusted loss rate is applied to the balance of the loans in the pool to arrive at the allowance allocation for the pool.

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is reviewed to evaluate its appropriateness in relation to the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio. The Corporation considers risk factors such as: local and national economic conditions; trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans; the diversity of borrower industry types; and the composition of the portfolio by loan type. An unallocated allowance is maintained for factors and conditions that exist at the balance sheet date, but are not specifically identifiable, and to recognize the inherent imprecision in estimating and measuring loss exposure.

Over the past two years,

Effective April 1, 2011, the Corporation has made changes torevised and enhanced its allowance for credit loss methodology. The significant revisions to the methodology were as follows:
Change in the identification of loans evaluated for impairmentunder FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 – The population of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 was revised to include only loans on non-accrual status and impaired troubled debt restructurings (Impaired TDRs). Impaired TDRs represent TDRs that were: (1)  modified via a change in the interest rate that, at the time of restructuring, was favorable in comparison to rates offered for loans with similar risk characteristics; or (2) 90 days or more past due according to their modified terms; or (3) modified in the current calendar year.
Under the prior methodology, loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 included accruing and non-accrual commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans with risk ratings of substandard or worse and Impaired TDRs.
As of April 1, 2011, the balance of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 decreased from $525.6 million under the prior methodology to $335.6 million under the new methodology. The allowance allocations for loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 decreased from $106.0 million under the prior methodology to $88.0 million under the new methodology.
Quarterly evaluations of impaired loans – Due to the reduction in loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 noted above, all loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 are now measured for losses on a quarterly basis. Measurement may be on a more frequent basis if there is a significant change in the amount or timing of an impaired loan’s expected future cash flows, if actual cash flows are significantly different from the cash flows previously projected, or if the fair value of an impaired loan’s collateral significantly changes. In addition, the Corporation implemented a new appraisal policy which requires that impaired loans secured predominately by real estate have updated certified third-party appraisals, generally every 12 months.

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Under the prior methodology, impaired loans were evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 every 12 months or, if necessary, on a more frequent basis based on significant changes in expected future cash flows or significant changes in collateral values. For impaired loans secured predominately by real estate, decisions regarding whether an updated certified appraisal was necessary were made on a loan-by-loan basis.
Change in the determination of allocation needs on loans evaluated for impairmentunder FASB ASC Section 450-20– Under its new methodology, the Corporation revised and further disaggregated its pools of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 450-20. Similar to the prior methodology, pools are segmented by general loan types, and further segmented by collateral types, where appropriate. However, under the new methodology, pools are further disaggregated by internal credit risk ratings for commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans and by delinquency status for residential mortgages, consumer loans and all other loan types.
Allowance allocations for each pool are determined through a regression analysis based on historical losses. The analysis computes loss rates based on a probability of default (PD) and a loss given default (LGD). While the previous methodology utilized the same historical loss period of four years, allowance allocations were computed based on weighted average charge-off rates as opposed to the use of a regression analysis, which computes PDs and LGDs based on historical losses as loans migrate through the various risk rating or delinquency categories.
Under both the current and previous methodologies, loss rates are adjusted to consider qualitative factors such as economic conditions and trends, among others. However, under its new methodology, the Corporation applies a more detailed analysis of qualitative factors that are formally assessed on a quarterly basis by a committee comprised of lending and credit administration personnel.
As of April 1, 2011, total allocations on $11.5 billion of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 450-20 under the new methodology were $182.2 million. In comparison, under the Corporation’s previous methodology, total allocations on $11.3 billion of loans evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 450-20 were $164.2 million.
The Corporation’s conclusion as of March 31, 2011 that its total allowance for credit losses of $271.2 million was sufficient to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio did not change as a result of implementing its new allowance for credit loss methodology. As noted above, the change in methodology expanded the number of loans evaluated collectively for impairment under FASB ASC Section 450-20 and reduced the number of loans evaluated individually for impairment. Effective December 31, 2009, the allowance methodology was revised to evaluate commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans that were rated “satisfactory minus” or “special mention” collectively for impairment as opposed to evaluating these loans individuallyunder FASB ASC Section 310-10-35. In addition, the change in methodology resulted in shifts in allocations by loan type. See Note D, "Loans and Allowance for impairment. The methodology was changed to more properly align internal risk ratings with the likelihood of impairment. Effective December 31, 2010, the Corporation revised its allowance methodology to evaluate certain accruing commercial loans, commercial mortgages and construction loans rated “substandard” collectivelyCredit Losses," for impairment as opposed to evaluating these loans individually for impairment. These accruing substandard-rated loans in the Corporation’s portfolio did not meet the definition of impairment and had no related specific allowance allocation. Approximately $290 million of loans that were previously evaluated individually for

impairment were collectively evaluated for impairment, resulting in an additional $9.4 million of allowance allocations as of December 31, 2010.

details.

Loans and lease financing receivables deemed to be a loss are written off through a charge against the allowance for credit losses. Closed-end consumer loans are generally charged off when they become 120 days past due (180(180 days for open-end consumer loans) if they are not adequately secured by real estate. All other loans are evaluated for possible charge-off when it is probable that the balance will not be collected, based on the ability of the borrower to pay and the value of the underlying collateral. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are recorded as increases to the allowance for loan losses. Past due status is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.

Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) if the Corporation grants suchthe borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuringTDR typically involve a temporary deferral of scheduled loan payments, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date or a temporary reduction in the interest rate. Non-accrual troubled debt restructuringsTDRs can be restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six consecutive months after modification. Troubled debt restructuringsTDRs are evaluated individually for impairment if they areunder FASB ASC Section 310-10-35.
Effective July 1, 2011, the Corporation adopted the provisions of ASC Update 2011-02, "A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring." ASC Update 2011-02 provides additional guidance for when a creditor has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulty. This standards update was effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and was applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. The adoption of ASC Update 2011-02 did not performing according to their modified terms and/or they had been restructured duringimpact the most recent calendar year.Corporation’s financial statements.

Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The provision for depreciation and amortization is generally computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are a maximum of 50 years for buildings and improvements, 8 years for furniture and 5 years for equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of 15 yearsthe useful life or the non-cancelable lease term. Interest costs incurred during the construction of major bank premises are capitalized.

Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired in settlement of mortgage loan indebtedness are recorded as other real estate owned

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(OREO) and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, initially at the lower of the estimated fair value of the asset less estimated selling costs or the carrying amount of the loan. Costs to maintain the assets and subsequent gains and losses on sales are included in otherOREO and repossession expense or other income, as appropriate.

on the consolidated statements of income.

Mortgage Servicing Rights: The estimated fair value of mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) related to loans sold and serviced by the Corporation is recorded as an asset upon the sale of such loans. MSRs are amortized as a reduction to servicing income over the estimated lives of the underlying loans.

MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment by comparing the carrying amount to estimated fair value, as determined through a discounted cash flowsflow valuation. Significant inputs to the valuation include expected servicing income, net of expense, the discount rate and the expected lives of the underlying loans. To the extent the amortized cost of the MSRs exceeds their estimated fair value, a valuation allowance is established for such impairment, through a charge against servicing income, included as a component of mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of operations.income. If the Corporation determines, based on subsequent valuations, that impairment no longer exists, then the valuation allowance is reduced through an increase to servicing income.

Derivative Financial Instruments: In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. Both the interest rate locks and the forward commitments are accounted for as derivatives and carried at fair value, determined as the amount that would be necessary to settle each derivative financial instrument at the balance sheet date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Gross derivative assets and liabilities are recorded within other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value during the period recorded within mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of operations.

income. The other components of mortgage banking income include gains and losses on the sales of mortgage loans, fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held for sale and net servicing income.

During 2010, the Corporation recorded a $3.3$3.3 million increase in mortgage banking income resulting from the correction of its methodology for determining the fair values of its interest rate locks. Previously, the fair values of interest rate locks included only the value related to the change in interest rates between the date the rate was locked and the reporting date and excluded the value of the expected gain on sale as of the lock date. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the fair values of interest rate locks represented the expected gains on

sales had those locks been settled and sold as of the reporting date. This change in methodology did not result in a material difference in reported mortgage banking income in prior periods.

The following presents a comparison of mortgage banking income as reported on the consolidated statements of operationsincome to the amounts that would have been reported had this methodology been applied for all periods presented:

   2010   2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Reported mortgage banking income

  $29,304    $25,061   $10,627  

Pro-forma mortgage banking income

   27,853     25,536    11,603  
              

Difference

  $1,451    $(475 $(976
              

 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Reported mortgage banking income$29,304
 $25,061
Pro-forma mortgage banking income27,853
 25,536
Difference$1,451
 $(475)


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The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   Notional
Amount
   Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value
  Notional
Amount
   Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Interest Rate Locks with Customers:

       

Positive fair values

  $140,682    $777   $58,165    $534  

Negative fair values

   50,527     (760  106,921     (945
             

Net Interest Rate Locks with Customers

    $17     $(411

Forward Commitments:

       

Positive fair values

   558,861     8,479    232,310     1,819  

Negative fair values

   0     0    59,432     (535
             

Net Forward Commitments

     8,479      1,284  
             
    $8,496     $873  
             

31:


 2011 2010
 Notional
Amount
 Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value
 Notional
Amount
 Asset
(Liability)
Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Interest Rate Locks with Customers:       
Positive fair values$181,583
 $3,888
 $140,682
 $777
Negative fair values1,593
 (10) 50,527
 (760)
Net interest rate locks with customers  $3,878
   $17
Forward Commitments:       
Positive fair values3,178
 13
 558,861
 8,479
Negative fair values173,208
 (2,724) 
 
Net forward commitments  (2,711)   8,479
Net derivative fair value asset  $1,167
   $8,496

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments:

   Fair Value Gains
(Losses)
   
   2010   2009  

Statements of Operations Classification

   (in thousands)   

Interest rate locks with customers

  $428    $(836 Mortgage banking income

Forward commitments

   7,195     2,729   Mortgage banking income

Interest rate swaps

   0     (18 Other expense
           
  $7,623    $1,875   
           

 Fair Value Gains (Losses)  
 2011 2010 2009 Statements of Income Classification
 (in thousands)  
Interest rate locks with customers$3,861
 $428
 $(836) Mortgage banking income
Forward commitments(11,190) 7,195
 2,729
 Mortgage banking income
Interest rate swaps


 (18) Other expense
Fair value (losses) gains on derivative financial instruments$(7,329) $7,623
 $1,875
  

Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes is based upon income before income taxes, adjusted primarily for the effect of tax-exempt income, non-deductible expenses and net credits received from investments in low and moderate income housing partnerships (LIH investments) and similar investments.that generate such credits under various Federal programs (Tax Credit Investments). Certain items of income and expense are reported in different periods for financial reporting and tax return purposes. The tax effects of these temporary differences are recognized currently in the deferred income tax provision or benefit. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the applicable enacted marginal tax rate. The deferred income tax provision or benefit is based on the changes in the deferred tax asset or liability from period to period.

The Corporation accounts for uncertain tax positions by applying a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax positionpositions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Recognition and measurement of tax positions is based on management’s evaluations of relevant tax code and appropriate industry information about audit proceedings for comparable positions at other organizations. Virtually all of the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits are for

positions that are taken on an annual basis on state tax returns. Increases to unrecognized tax benefits will occur as a result of accruing for the nonrecognition of the position for the current year. Decreases will occur as a result of the lapsing of the statute of limitations for the oldest outstanding year which includes the position.

Stock-Based Compensation: The Corporation grants equity awards to employees, consisting of stock options and restricted stock, under its 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan (Option(Employee Option Plan). In addition, employees may purchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock under the Corporation’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP).
Beginning in 2011, the Corporation also granted restricted stock to non-employee members of the board of directors under its 2011 Directors’ Equity Participation Plan (Directors’ Plan). Under the Directors’ Plan, the Corporation can grant equity awards to non-employee holding company and affiliate directors in the form of stock options, restricted stock or common stock.
Compensation expense is equal to the fair value of the stock-based compensation awards, net of estimated forfeitures, and is recognized over the vesting period of such awards. The vesting period represents the period during which employees are required

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to provide service in exchange for such awards.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share: The Corporation’s basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated as net income (loss) available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Net income (loss) available to common shareholders is calculated as net income (loss) less accrued dividends and discount accretion related to preferred stock.

For diluted net income (loss) per common share, net income (loss) available to common shareholders is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the incremental number of shares added as a result of converting common stock equivalents, calculated using the treasury stock method. The Corporation’s common stock equivalents consist of outstanding stock options, restricted stock and common stock warrants. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were no outstanding common stock warrants.

A reconciliation of weighted average common shares outstanding used to calculate basic net income (loss) per common share and diluted net income (loss) per common share follows.

   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)

   190,860     175,662     174,236  

Impact of common stock equivalents

   537     281     0  
               

Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)

   191,397     175,943     174,236  
               

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)198,912
 190,860
 175,662
Impact of common stock equivalents746
 537
 281
Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)199,658
 191,397
 175,943

In 2011 and 2010, 5.2 million and 5.5 million stock options, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. In 2009, 6.3 million stock options and a 5.5 million common stock warrant for 5.5 million shares were excluded from the diluted earnings per share computation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. In 2008, all common stock equivalents were excluded because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss for the year.

Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information: The Corporation does not have any operating segments which require disclosure of additional information. While the Corporation owns sevensix separate banks, each engages in similar activities, provides similar products and services, and operates in the same general geographical area. The Corporation’s non-banking activities are immaterial and, therefore, separate information has not been disclosed.

Financial Guarantees: Financial guarantees, which consist primarily of standby and commercial letters of credit, are accounted for by recognizing a liability equal to the fair value of the guarantees and crediting the liability to income over the term of the guarantee. Fair value is estimated based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements with similar terms.

Business Combinations and Intangible Assets: The Corporation accounts for its acquisitions using the purchase accounting method. Purchase accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values ofthat all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets that must be recognized. Typically, this allocation results in therecognized, be recorded at their estimated fair values. Any purchase price exceeding the fair value of net assets acquired which is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill is not amortized to expense, but is tested for impairment at least annually. Write-downs of the balance, if necessary as a result of the impairment test, are charged to expense in the period in which goodwill is determined to be impaired. The Corporation performs its annual test of goodwill impairment as of October 31st of each year. If certain events occur which indicate goodwill might be impaired between annual tests, goodwill must be tested when such events occur. Based on the results of its annual impairment test, the Corporation concluded that there was no impairment in 2011, 2010 or 2009. In 2008, the Corporation recorded a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge for one of its defined reporting units, based on the results of the annual goodwill impairment test.2009. See Note F, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for additional details.


Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Some intangible assets have indefinite lives and are, therefore, not amortized. All intangible assets must be evaluated for impairment if certain events occur. Any impairment write-downs are recognized as expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

income.

Variable Interest Entities: FASB ASC Topic 810 provides guidance on when to consolidate certain Variable Interest Entities (VIE’s)Entities(VIE’s) in the financial statements of the Corporation. VIE’s are entities in which equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance activities without additional financial support from other parties. VIEs are assessed for consolidation under ASC Topic 810 when the Corporation holds variable interests in these entities. The Corporation consolidates VIEs when it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined to be the party that has the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Parent Company owns all of the common stock of six Subsidiary Trusts,five subsidiary trusts, which have issued securities (Trust Preferred Securities) in conjunction with the Parent Company issuing junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures to the trusts. The terms of the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures are the same as the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities. The Parent Company’s

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obligations under the debentures constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Parent Company of the obligations of the trusts. The provisions of FASB ASC Topic 810 related to Subsidiary Trusts,subsidiary trusts, as interpreted by the SEC, disallow consolidation of Subsidiary Trustssubsidiary trusts in the financial statements of the Corporation. As a result, Trust Preferred Securities are not included on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets. The junior subordinated debentures issued by the Parent Company to the Subsidiary Trusts,subsidiary trusts, which have the same total balance and rate as the combined equity securities and trust preferred securities issued by the Subsidiary Trusts, remain in long-term debt. See Note I, “Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt” for additional information.

LIH investments

The Corporation has made certain Tax Credit Investments under various Federal programs that promote investment in low and moderate income housing and local economic development. Tax Credit Investments are amortized under the effective yield method over the life of the Federal income tax credits generated as a result of such investments, generally six toten years. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the Corporation’s LIHTax Credit Investments, included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $101.7$118.4 million and $76.5$101.7 million, respectively. The net income tax benefit associated with these investments was $5.7$8.5 million $4.7, $5.7 million and $3.9$4.7 million in 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively. None of the Corporation’s LIH investments met the consolidation criteria ofTax Credit Investments were consolidated based on FASB ASC Topic 810 as of December 31, 20102011 or 2009.

2010.

Fair Value Measurements: The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) FASB ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into the following three categories (from highest to lowest priority):

Level 1 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, or quoted prices for identical instruments in non-active markets. Also includes valuation techniques whose inputs are derived principally from observable market data other than quoted prices, such as interest rates or other market-corroborated means.

Level 3 – Inputs that are largely unobservable, as little or no market data exists for the instrument being valued.

The Corporation has categorized all assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis into the above three levels.

In January 2010, the FASB issued ASC Update No. 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures About Fair Value Measurements” (ASC Update 2010-06).Measurements.” The final provision of ASC Update 2010-06, requires companies to disclose, and provide the reasons for, all transfers of assets and liabilities between the Level 1 and 2 fair value categories. ASC Update 2010-06 also clarifies that companies should disclose fair value measurement disclosures for classes of assets and liabilities which are subsets of line items within the balance sheet, if necessary. In addition, ASC Update 2010-06 provides additional clarification related to disclosures about the fair value techniques and inputs for assets and liabilities classified within Level 2 or 3 categories. The disclosure requirements prescribed by ASC Update No. 2010-06 were effective for the Corporation on March 31, 2010. The Corporation did not record any transfers of assets or liabilities between the Level 1 and Level 2 fair value categories during 2010.

ASC Update 2010-06 also requires companies to reconcile changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities by separately providing information about Level 3 purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis. This provision of ASC Update 2010-06 isbasis, was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, or March 31, 2011 for the Corporation. The adoption of this provision did not impact the Corporation’s fair value measurement disclosures.

See Note P, “Fair Value Measurements” for additional details.

New Accounting Standards: In May 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs.” ASC Update 2011-04 amends fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP for the purpose of improving the comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Among the amendments in ASC Update 2011-04 are expanded disclosure requirements that require companies to quantitatively disclose inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements and to disclose the sensitivity of fair value measurement to changes in unobservable inputs. This standards update is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. For the Corporation, this standards update is effective in connection with its March 31, 2012 interim filing on Form 10-Q. The adoption of ASC Update 2010-062011-04 is not expected to materially impact the Corporation’s fair value measurement disclosures.

See Note P, “Fair Value Measurements”financial statements.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-05, “Presentation of Other Comprehensive Income.” ASC Update 2011-05 requires companies to present total comprehensive income, consisting of net income and other comprehensive income, in either one continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Presently, the Corporation reports total comprehensive income within its consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss). For publicly traded entities, this standards update is effective for additional details.

fiscal years beginning after New Accounting Standard:December 15, 2011. For the Corporation, this standards update is effective in connection with its March 31, 2012 interim filing on Form 10-Q.

In JanuaryDecember 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-1, “Deferral2011-12, "Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Disclosures about Troubled Debt RestructuringsReclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update 2010-20” (ASC Update 2011-1).No. 2011-05." ASC Update 2011-12011-12 defers the effective date of the requirement to disclose details related to troubled debt restructurings as requiredpresent separate line items on the income statement for reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income under ASC Update 2010-20, “Disclosures about2011-05. This deferral is temporary until the Credit QualityFASB reconsiders the operational concerns and needs of Financing Receivablesfinancial statement users.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASC Update 2011-08, "Testing for Goodwill Impairment." ASC Update 2011-08 simplifies testing for goodwill impairment by permitting entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than

69


not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If an entity can qualitatively demonstrate that a reporting unit's fair value is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, then it would not be required to perform the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test. This standards update is effective for annual and the Allowanceinterim goodwill impairment tests performed for Credit Losses” (ASC Update 2010-20) until a related proposed FASB ASC update related to accounting for troubled debt restructurings is issued.fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The disclosure requirementsadoption of ASC Update 2010-20 related2011-08 is not expected to troubled debt restructurings willmaterially impact the Corporation’s disclosures, however, it will not impact how the Corporation measures its allowance for credit losses.financial statements.

Reclassifications: Certain amounts in the 20092010 and 20082009 consolidated financial statements and notes have been reclassified to conform to the 20102011 presentation.


NOTE B – RESTRICTIONS ON CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS
NOTE B – RESTRICTIONS ON CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS

The Corporation’s subsidiary banks are required to maintain reserves, in the form of cash and balances with the Federal Reserve Bank, against their deposit liabilities. The amounts of such reserves as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 were $112.8$120.8 million and $97.4$112.8 million, respectively.




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NOTE C – INVESTMENT SECURITIES
NOTE C – INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following tables present the amortized cost and estimated fair values of investment securities as of December 31:

    Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Estimated
Fair
Value
 
   (in thousands) 

2010 Held to Maturity

       

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

  $6,339    $0    $(1 $6,338  

State and municipal securities

   346     0     0    346  

Mortgage-backed securities

   1,066     68     0    1,134  
                   
  $7,751    $68    $(1 $7,818  
                   

2010 Available for Sale

       

Equity securities

  $133,570    $3,872    $(974 $136,468  

U.S. Government securities

   1,649     0     0    1,649  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

   4,888     172     (2  5,058  

State and municipal securities

   345,053     6,003     (1,493  349,563  

Corporate debt securities

   137,101     3,808     (16,123  124,786  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   1,085,613     23,457     (5,012  1,104,058  

Mortgage-backed securities

   843,446     31,080     (3,054  871,472  

Auction rate securities

   271,645     892     (11,858  260,679  
                   
  $2,822,965    $69,284    $(38,516 $2,853,733  
                   

2009 Held to Maturity

       

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

  $6,713    $7    $0   $6,720  

State and municipal securities

   503     0     0    503  

Mortgage-backed securities

   1,484     90     0    1,574  
                   
  $8,700    $97    $0   $8,797  
                   

2009 Available for Sale

       

Equity securities

  $142,531    $2,758    $(4,919 $140,370  

U.S. Government securities

   1,325     0     0    1,325  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

   91,079     905     (28  91,956  

State and municipal securities

   406,011     9,819     (57  415,773  

Corporate debt securities

   154,029     424     (37,714  116,739  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   1,102,169     25,631     (4,804  1,122,996  

Mortgage-backed securities

   1,043,518     36,948     (442  1,080,024  

Auction rate securities

   292,145     3,227     (6,169  289,203  
                   
  $3,232,807    $79,712    $(54,133 $3,258,386  
                   

31:

 Amortized
Cost
 Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 Estimated
Fair
Value
 (in thousands)
2011 Held to Maturity       
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities$5,987
 $
 $(14) $5,973
State and municipal securities179
 
 
 179
Mortgage-backed securities503
 44
 
 547
 $6,669
 $44
 $(14) $6,699
2011 Available for Sale       
Equity securities$117,486
 $2,383
 $(2,819) $117,050
U.S. Government securities334
 
 
 334
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities3,987
 87
 (1) 4,073
State and municipal securities306,186
 15,832
 
 322,018
Corporate debt securities132,855
 4,979
 (14,528) 123,306
Collateralized mortgage obligations982,851
 19,186
 (828) 1,001,209
Mortgage-backed securities848,675
 31,837
 (415) 880,097
Auction rate securities240,852
 120
 (15,761) 225,211
 $2,633,226
 $74,424
 $(34,352) $2,673,298
2010 Held to Maturity       
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities$6,339
 $
 $(1) $6,338
State and municipal securities346
 
 
 346
Mortgage-backed securities1,066
 68
 
 1,134
 $7,751
 $68
 $(1) $7,818
2010 Available for Sale       
Equity securities$133,570
 $3,872
 $(974) $136,468
U.S. Government securities1,649
 
 
 1,649
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities4,888
 172
 (2) 5,058
State and municipal securities345,053
 6,003
 (1,493) 349,563
Corporate debt securities137,101
 3,808
 (16,123) 124,786
Collateralized mortgage obligations1,085,613
 23,457
 (5,012) 1,104,058
Mortgage-backed securities843,446
 31,080
 (3,054) 871,472
Auction rate securities271,645
 892
 (11,858) 260,679
 $2,822,965
 $69,284
 $(38,516) $2,853,733

Securities carried at $1.9$1.8 billion and $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2011 and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure public and trust deposits and customer repurchase agreements. Available for sale equity securities include restricted investment securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $96.4$82.5 million and $99.1$96.4 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.



71


The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2010,2011, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

   Held to Maturity   Available for Sale 
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Due in one year or less

  $167    $167    $68,652    $68,840  

Due from one year to five years

   6,518     6,517     67,209     69,297  

Due from five years to ten years

   0     0     121,559     123,435  

Due after ten years

   0     0     502,916     480,163  
                    
   6,685     6,684     760,336     741,735  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   0     0     1,085,613     1,104,058  

Mortgage-backed securities

   1,066     1,134     843,446     871,472  
                    
  $7,751    $7,818    $2,689,395    $2,717,265  
                    

 Held to Maturity Available for Sale
 Amortized
Cost
 Estimated
Fair Value
 Amortized
Cost
 Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Due in one year or less$179
 $179
 $67,451
 $67,802
Due from one year to five years5,987
 5,973
 30,828
 32,103
Due from five years to ten years
 
 144,777
 154,185
Due after ten years
 
 441,158
 420,852
 6,166
 6,152
 684,214
 674,942
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 
 982,851
 1,001,209
Mortgage-backed securities503
 547
 848,675
 880,097
 $6,669
 $6,699
 $2,515,740
 $2,556,248
The following table presents information related to the Corporation’s gains and losses on the sales of equity and debt securities, and losses recognized for other-than-temporary impairment of investments:

   Gross
Realized
Gains
   Gross
Realized
Losses
  Other-
than-
temporary
Impairment
Losses
  Net
(Losses)
Gains
 
   (in thousands) 

2010:

      

Equity securities

  $2,424    $(706 $(1,982 $(264

Debt securities

   13,005     (71  (11,969  965  
                  

Total

  $15,429    $(777 $(13,951 $701  
                  

2009:

      

Equity securities

  $666    $(689 $(3,931 $(3,954

Debt securities

   14,632     (129  (9,470  5,033  
                  

Total

  $15,298    $(818 $(13,401 $1,079  
                  

2008:

      

Equity securities

  $7,626    $0   $(44,649 $(37,023

Debt securities

   3,887     (4,418  (20,687  (21,218
                  

Total

  $11,513    $(4,418 $(65,336 $(58,241
                  

 Gross
Realized
Gains
 Gross
Realized
Losses
 Other-
than-
temporary
Impairment
Losses
 Net
Gains (Losses)
 (in thousands)
2011:       
Equity securities$835
 $
 $(1,212) $(377)
Debt securities6,655
 (19) (1,698) 4,938
Total$7,490
 $(19) $(2,910) $4,561
2010:       
Equity securities$2,424
 $(706) $(1,982) $(264)
Debt securities13,005
 (71) (11,969) 965
Total$15,429
 $(777) $(13,951) $701
2009:       
Equity securities$666
 $(689) $(3,931) $(3,954)
Debt securities14,632
 (129) (9,470) 5,033
Total$15,298
 $(818) $(13,401) $1,079

The following table presents a summary of other-than-temporary impairment charges recorded as components of investment securities gains (losses) on the consolidated statements of operations,income, by investment security type:

   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Financial institution stocks

  $1,982    $3,825    $43,131  

Mutual funds

   0     106     1,162  

U.S. government sponsored agency stock

   0     0     356  
               

Total equity securities charges

   1,982     3,931     44,649  
               

Pooled trust preferred securities

   11,969     9,470     15,832  

Bank-issued subordinated debt

   0     0     4,855  
               

Total debt securities charges

   11,969     9,470     20,687  
               

Total other-than-temporary impairment charges

  $13,951    $13,401    $65,336  
               

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Financial institution stocks$1,212
 $1,982
 $3,825
Mutual funds
 
 106
Total equity securities charges1,212
 1,982
 3,931
Pooled trust preferred securities1,406
 11,969
 9,470
Auction rate securities292
 
 
Total debt securities charges1,698
 11,969
 9,470
Total other-than-temporary impairment charges$2,910
 $13,951
 $13,401

The $2.0$1.2 million other-than-temporary impairment charge related to financial institutions stocks in 20102011 was due to the severity and duration of the declines in fair values of certain bank stock holdings, in conjunction with management’s evaluation of the near-term prospects of each specific issuer. As of December 31, 2010,2011, after other-than-temporary impairment charges, the financial

72


institution stock portfolio had an adjusted cost basis of $30.2$28.3 million and a fair value of $33.1 million.

$27.9 million.

The credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges for debt securities during 2011 included $1.4 million for investments in pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and $292,000 for investments in student loan auction rate securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs). The credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges for debt securities were determined based on expected cash flows models.
The following table presents a summary of the cumulative credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges, recognized as components of earnings, for pooled trust preferreddebt securities still held by the Corporation at December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Balance of cumulative credit losses on pooled trust preferred securities, beginning of year

  $(15,612 $(6,142

Additions for credit losses recorded which were not previously recognized as components of earnings

   (11,969  (9,470

Reductions for increases in cash flows expected to be collected that are recognized over the remaining life of the security

   21    0  
         

Balance of cumulative credit losses on pooled trust preferred securities, end of year

  $(27,560 $(15,612
         

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Balance of cumulative credit losses on debt securities, beginning of year$(27,560) $(15,612)
Additions for credit losses recorded which were not previously recognized as components of earnings(1,698) (11,969)
Reductions for securities sold6,400
 
Reductions for increases in cash flows expected to be collected that are recognized over the remaining life of the security77
 21
Balance of cumulative credit losses on debt securities, end of year$(22,781) $(27,560)

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values of investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2010:

   Less Than 12 months  12 Months or Longer  Total 
   Estimated
Fair Value
   Unrealized
Losses
  Estimated
Fair Value
   Unrealized
Losses
  Estimated
Fair Value
   Unrealized
Losses
 
   (in
thousands)
                   

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

  $425    $(1 $272    $(2 $697    $(3

State and municipal securities

   50,383     (1,490  400     (3  50,783     (1,493

Corporate debt securities

   9,193     (2,045  61,559     (14,078  70,752     (16,123

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   330,617     (5,012  0     0    330,617     (5,012

Mortgage-backed securities

   203,831     (3,054  0     0    203,831     (3,054

Auction rate securities

   56,870     (1,224  175,185     (10,634  232,055     (11,858
                            

Total debt securities

   651,319     (12,826  237,416     (24,717  888,735     (37,543

Equity securities

   5,891     (525  2,151     (449  8,042     (974
                            
  $657,210    $(13,351 $239,567    $(25,166 $896,777    $(38,517
                            

2011:

 Less Than 12 months 12 Months or Longer Total
 Estimated
Fair Value
 Unrealized
Losses
 Estimated
Fair Value
 Unrealized
Losses
 Estimated
Fair Value
 Unrealized
Losses
 (in thousands)
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities$208
 $(1) $5,373
 $(14) $5,581
 $(15)
Corporate debt securities14,256
 (757) 41,704
 (13,771) 55,960
 (14,528)
Collateralized mortgage obligations179,484
 (828) 
 
 179,484
 (828)
Mortgage-backed securities107,468
 (415) 
 
 107,468
 (415)
Auction rate securities13,794
 (403) 197,235
 (15,358) 211,029
 (15,761)
Total debt securities315,210
 (2,404) 244,312
 (29,143) 559,522
 (31,547)
Equity securities13,181
 (2,440) 1,393
 (379) 14,574
 (2,819)
 $328,391
 $(4,844) $245,705
 $(29,522) $574,096
 $(34,366)

The Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations have contractual terms that generally do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the decline in market value of these securities is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Corporation does not have the intent to sell and does not believe it will more likely than not be required to sell any of these securities prior to a recovery of their fair value to amortized cost, the Corporation does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2010.

2011.

The unrealized holding losses on investments in student loan auction rate securities, also known as auction rate certificates (ARCs),ARCs are attributable to liquidity issues resulting from the failure of periodic auctions. Fulton Financial Advisors (FFA), the investment management and trust division of the Corporation’s Fulton Bank, N.A. subsidiary, held ARCs for some of its customers’ accounts. FFA had previously soldpurchased ARCs tofor customers as short-term investments with fair values that could be derived based on periodic auctions under normal market conditions. During 2008 and 2009, the Corporation purchased ARCs from customers due to the failure of these periodic auctions, which made these previously short-term investments illiquid.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Corporation recorded $292,000 of other-than-temporary impairmentcharges for two individual ARCs based on an expected cash flow model. As of December 31, 2010,2011, after other-than-temporary impairment charges, the two other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs had a cost basis of $1.6 million and a fair value of $1.1 million.These other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs have principal payments supported by non-guaranteed private student loans, as opposed to federally guaranteed student loans. In addition, the student loans underlying these other-than-temporarily impaired ARCs had

73


actual defaults of approximately $21118%, resulting in an erosion of parity levels, or the ratio of total underlying ARC collateral to total bond values, to approximately 83% as of December 31, 2011
As of December 31, 2011, approximately $177 million, or 81%79%, of the ARCs were rated above investment grade, with approximately $160$135 million, or 61%60%, AAA rated. Approximately $50$48 million, or 19%21%, of ARCs were either not rated or rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency.Of this amount, approximately $29$28 million, or 59%, of the loans underlying these ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the federal government. In total, approximately $202 million, or 90%, of the loans underlying the ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the Federal government. In total, approximately $231 million, or 89%, of the loans underlying the ARCs have principal payments which are guaranteed by the Federalfederal government. At December 31, 2010,2011, all ARCs were current and making scheduled interest payments. Because the Corporation does not have the intent to sell and does not believe it will more likely than not be required to sell any of these securities prior to a recovery of their fair value to amortized cost, the Corporation does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2010.

2011.

As noted above, for its investments in equity securities, most notably its investments in stocks of financial institutions, management evaluates the near-term prospects of the issuers in relation to the severity and duration of the impairment. Based on that evaluation and the Corporation’s ability and intent to hold those investments for a reasonable period of time sufficient for a recovery of fair value, the Corporation does not consider those investments with unrealized holding losses as of December 31, 20102011 to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

The majority of the Corporation’s available for sale corporate debt securities are issued by financial institutions. institutions. The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair values of corporate debt securities as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
   Amortized
Cost
   Estimated
Fair Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Single-issuer trust preferred securities

  $91,257    $81,789    $95,481    $75,811  

Subordinated debt

   34,995     35,915     34,886     32,722  

Pooled trust preferred securities

   8,295     4,528     20,435     4,979  
                    

Corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions

   134,547     122,232     150,802     113,512  

Other corporate debt securities

   2,554     2,554     3,227     3,227  
                    

Available for sale corporate debt securities

  $137,101    $124,786    $154,029    $116,739  
                    

31:

 2011 2010
 Amortized
Cost
 Estimated
Fair Value
 Amortized
Cost
 Estimated
Fair Value
 (in thousands)
Single-issuer trust preferred securities$83,899
 $74,365
 $91,257
 $81,789
Subordinated debt40,184
 41,296
 34,995
 35,915
Pooled trust preferred securities6,236
 5,109
 8,295
 4,528
Corporate debt securities issued by financial institutions130,319
 120,770
 134,547
 122,232
Other corporate debt securities2,536
 2,536
 2,554
 2,554
Available for sale corporate debt securities$132,855
 $123,306
 $137,101
 $124,786

The Corporation’s investments in single-issuer trust preferred securities had an unrealized loss of $9.5$9.5 million as of December 31, 2010. 2011.The Corporation did not record any other-than-temporary impairment charges for single-issuer trust preferred securities in 2011, 2010 2009 or 2008.2009. The Corporation held 1312 single-issuer trust preferred securities that were rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency, with an amortized cost of $40.1$41.1 million and an estimated fair value of $38.1$38.7 million as of December 31, 2010.2011. The majority of the single-issuer trust preferred securities rated below investment grade were rated BB.BB or Ba. Single-issuer trust preferred securities with an amortized cost of $11.2$8.3 million and an estimated fair value of $8.6$6.5 million as of December 31, 2010,2011 were not rated by any ratings agency.

The Corporation held ten pooled trust preferred securities as of December 31, 2010. 2011. Nine of these securities, with an amortized cost of $7.5$5.8 million and an estimated fair value of $3.9$4.7 million, were rated below investment grade by at least one ratings agency, with ratings ranging from C to Caa. Ca.For each of the nine pooled trust preferred securities rated below investment grade, the class of securities held by the Corporation was below the most senior tranche, with the Corporation’s interests being subordinate to other investors in the pool. The Corporation determines the fair value of pooled trust preferred securities based on quotes provided by third-party brokers.


The amortized cost of pooled trust preferred securities is the purchase price of the securities, net of cumulative credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges, determined using an expected cash flowsflow model. The most significant input to the expected cash flowsflow model is the expected payment deferral rate for each pooled trust preferred security. The Corporation evaluates the financial metrics, such as capital ratios and non-performing asset ratios, of the individual financial institution issuers that comprise each pooled trust preferred security to estimate its expected deferral rate. The actual weighted average cumulative defaults and deferrals as a percentage of original collateral were approximately 36%38% as of December 31, 2010.2011. The discounted cash flowsflow modeling for pooled trust preferred securities held by the Corporation as of December 31, 20102011 assumed, on average, an additional 13%17% expected deferral rate.

Based on management’smanagement's evaluations, corporate debt securities with a fair value of $123.3 million were not subject to any additional other-than-temporary impairment evaluations and because thecharges as of December 31, 2011. The Corporation does not have the intent to sell and does not believe it will more likely than not be required to sell any of these securities prior to a recovery of their fair value to amortized cost, which may be maturity, corporate debt securities with a fair value of $124.8 million were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2010.

NOTE D – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSESmaturity.


74


NOTE D – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Loans, net of unearned income

Loan,

Loans, net of unearned income are summarized as follows as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate – commercial mortgage

  $4,375,980   $4,292,300  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   3,704,384    3,699,198  

Real estate – home equity

   1,641,777    1,644,260  

Real estate – residential mortgage

   995,990    921,741  

Real estate – construction

   801,185    978,267  

Consumer

   350,161    360,698  

Leasing and other

   61,017    69,922  

Overdrafts

   10,011    13,753  
         

Loans, gross of unearned income

   11,940,505    11,980,139  

Unearned income

   (7,198  (7,715
         

Loans, net of unearned income

  $11,933,307   $11,972,424  
         

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Real estate – commercial mortgage$4,602,596
 $4,375,980
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural3,639,368
 3,704,384
Real estate – home equity1,624,562
 1,641,777
Real estate – residential mortgage1,097,192
 995,990
Real estate – construction615,445
 801,185
Consumer318,101
 350,161
Leasing and other63,254
 61,017
Overdrafts15,446
 10,011
Loans, gross of unearned income11,975,964
 11,940,505
Unearned income(6,994) (7,198)
Loans, net of unearned income$11,968,970
 $11,933,307

The Corporation has extended credit to the officers and directors of the Corporation and to their associates. These related-party loans are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability. The aggregate dollar amount of these loans, including unadvanced commitments, was $201.1$167.4 million and $218.9$201.1 million as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. During 2010,2011, additions totaled $26.5$29.5 million and repayments totaled $44.3 million.

$63.2 million.

The total portfolio of mortgage loans serviced by the Corporation for unrelated third parties was $3.4$3.9 billion and $2.6$3.4 billion as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Effective December 31, 2010, the Corporation adopted the provisions of FASB ASC Update 2010-20, "Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses," for period end disclosures related to the credit quality of loans. In 2011, the Corporation adopted certain provisions of ASC Update 2010-20. The goaladditional disclosures requirements of ASC Update 2010-20 isrelated to improve transparency in financial reporting by companies that hold financing receivables, which include loans, lease receivables, and other long-term receivables. ASC Update 2010-20 requires companies to provide more information in their disclosures about the credit quality of their financing receivables and the allowance for loan losses held against them.

activity during a reporting period.

The development of the Corporation’s allowance for loancredit losses is based first on a segmentation of its loan portfolio by general loan type, or “portfolio"portfolio segments," as presented in the preceding table.table labeled "Loans, Net of Unearned Income." Certain portfolio segments are further disaggregated and evaluated collectively for impairment based on “class segments,” which are largely based on the type of collateral underlying each loan. For commercial loans, class segments include loans secured by collateral and unsecured loans. Construction loan class segments include loans secured by commercial real estate and loans secured by residential real estate. Consumer loan class segments are based on collateral types and include direct consumer installment loans and indirect automobile loans.

The Corporation’s new and existing disclosures related to the credit quality of loans have been disaggregated based on how it develops its allowance for credit losses and how it measures credit exposures. As prescribed by ASC Update 2010-20, the disclosures and tabular information that follows presents disaggregated information by portfolio segment or by class segment, where required, as of December 31, 2010.

ASC Update 2010-20 also requires expanded disclosures related to credit quality activity during a reporting period effective for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010, or in connection with the Corporation’s quarterly filing on Form 10-Q as of March 31, 2011.

The following table presents the components of the allowance for credit losses as of December 31:

   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Allowance for loan losses

  $274,271    $256,698    $173,946  

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments

   1,227     855     6,191  
               

Allowance for credit losses

  $275,498    $257,553    $180,137  
               

Changes31:

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Allowance for loan losses$256,471
 $274,271
 $256,698
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments1,706
 1,227
 855
Allowance for credit losses$258,177
 $275,498
 $257,553


75


The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses were as follows for the years ended December 31:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Balance at beginning of year

  $257,553   $180,137   $112,209  

Loans charged off

   (151,425  (119,074  (56,859

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

   9,370    6,470    5,161  
             

Net loans charged off

   (142,055  (112,604  (51,698

Provision for credit losses

   160,000    190,020    119,626  
             

Balance at end of year

  $275,498   $257,553   $180,137  
             

31:

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$275,498
 $257,553
 $180,137
Loans charged off(161,333) (151,425) (119,074)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off9,012
 9,370
 6,470
Net loans charged off(152,321) (142,055) (112,604)
Provision for credit losses135,000
 160,000
 190,020
Balance at end of year$258,177
 $275,498
 $257,553

The following table presents activity in the allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2011 and loans, net of unearned income and their related allowance for loan losses, by portfolio segment, as of December 31, 2010:

   Evaluated Collectively for
Impairment
   Evaluated Individually for
Impairment
   Total 
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate - commercial mortgage

  $4,217,660    $22,836    $158,320    $17,995    $4,375,980    $40,831  

Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural

   3,469,775     32,323     234,609     69,113     3,704,384     101,436  

Real estate - home equity

   1,641,777     6,454     0     0     1,641,777     6,454  

Real estate - residential mortgage

   956,260     11,475     39,730     5,950     995,990     17,425  

Real estate - construction

   660,238     35,247     140,947     22,870     801,185     58,117  

Consumer

   350,161     4,669     0     0     350,161     4,669  

Leasing and other and overdrafts

   63,830     3,840     0     0     63,830     3,840  

Unallocated

   N/A     41,499     N/A     N/A     N/A     41,499  
                              
  $11,359,701    $158,343    $573,606    $115,928    $11,933,307    $274,271  
                              

N/A - Not applicable.

2011Impaired Loans:

The recorded investment in loans that were evaluated individually for impairment and the related allowance for loan losses as of December 31 is summarized as follows:

   2010   2009 
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
for Loan
Loss (1)
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
for Loan
Loss (1)
 
   (in thousands) 

Accruing loans

  $327,513    $79,998    $653,445    $100,734  

Non-accrual loans

   246,093     35,930     116,425     26,247  
                    

Total impaired loans

  $573,606    $115,928    $769,870    $126,981  
                    

 
Real Estate -
Commercial
Mortgage
 
Commercial -
Industrial,
Financial and
Agricultural
 
Real Estate -
Home
Equity
 
Real Estate -
Residential
Mortgage
 
Real Estate -
Construction
 Consumer 
Leasing
and other
and
overdrafts
 Unallocated (1) Total
 (in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2011$40,831
 $101,436
 $6,454
 $17,425
 $58,117
 $4,669
 $3,840
 $41,499
 $274,271
Loans charged off(26,032) (52,301) (6,397) (32,533) (38,613) (3,289) (2,168) 
 (161,333)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off1,967
 2,521
 63
 325
 1,746
 1,368
 1,022
 
 9,012
Net loans charged off(24,065) (49,780) (6,334) (32,208) (36,867) (1,921) (1,146) 
 (152,321)
Provision for loan losses (2)45,463
 36,628
 9,031
 29,873
 33,587
 2,411
 647
 (23,119) 134,521
Impact of change in allowance methodology22,883
 (13,388) 3,690
 7,896
 (24,771) (3,076) (944) 7,710
 
Provision for loan losses, including impact of change in allowance methodology68,346
 23,240
 12,721
 37,769
 8,816
 (665) (297) (15,409) 134,521
Balance at December 31, 2011$85,112
 $74,896
 $12,841
 $22,986
 $30,066
 $2,083
 $2,397
 $26,090
 $256,471
                  
Allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2011:          ��   
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20$49,052
 $46,471
 $9,765
 $6,691
 $17,610
 $1,855
 $2,360
 $26,090
 $159,894
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-3536,060
 28,425
 3,076
 16,295
 12,456
 228
 37
 N/A
 96,577
 $85,112
 $74,896
 $12,841
 $22,986
 $30,066
 $2,083
 $2,397
 $26,090
 $256,471
                  
Loans, net of unearned income at December 31, 2011:              
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20$4,476,262
 $3,560,487
 $1,619,069
 $1,057,274
 $553,106
 $317,733
 $71,650
 N/A
 $11,655,581
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35126,334
 78,881
 5,493
 39,918
 62,339
 368
 56
 N/A
 313,389
 $4,602,596
 $3,639,368
 $1,624,562
 $1,097,192
 $615,445
 $318,101
 $71,706
 N/A
 $11,968,970
                  
Allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2010:              
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20$22,836
 $32,323
 $6,454
 $11,475
 $35,247
 $4,669
 $3,840
 $41,499
 $158,343
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-3517,995
 69,113
 
 5,950
 22,870
 
 
 N/A
 115,928
 $40,831
 $101,436
 $6,454
 $17,425
 $58,117
 $4,669
 $3,840
 $41,499
 $274,271
                  
Loans, net of unearned income at December 31, 2010:              
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Subtopic 450-20$4,217,660
 $3,469,775
 $1,641,777
 $956,260
 $660,238
 $350,161
 $63,830
 N/A
 $11,359,701
Evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35158,320
 234,609
 
 39,730
 140,947
 
 
 N/A
 573,606
 $4,375,980
 $3,704,384
 $1,641,777
 $995,990
 $801,185
 $350,161
 $63,830
 N/A
 $11,933,307

(1)

As

The Corporation’s unallocated allowance, which was approximately 10% and 15% as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, was reasonable and 2009 there were $138.3appropriate as the estimates used in the allocation process are inherently imprecise.
(2)
Provision for loan losses is net of a $479,000 decrease in provision applied to unfunded commitments for the year ended December 31, 2011. The total provision for credit losses, comprised of allocations for both funded and unfunded loans, was $135.0 million and $295.6 million, respectively, of adequately collateralized commercial and commercial mortgage for the year ended December 31, 2011.
N/A – Not applicable.


76


In December 2011, the Corporation sold $34.7 million of non-performing residential mortgages and $152,000 of non-performing home equity loans to an investor. Below is a summary of the transaction (in thousands):
Recorded investment in loans sold$34,810
Proceeds from sale, net of selling expenses17,420
     Total charge-off$(17,390)


Existing allocation for credit losses on sold loans$(12,360)

Impaired Loans
The following table presents total impaired loans by class segment as of December 31:







Year ended






2011
December 31, 2011
2010

Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance
 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (1) Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 Recorded
Investment
 Related
Allowance

(in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:               
Real estate - commercial mortgage$54,445
 $46,768
 N/A
 $44,486
 $647
 $68,583
 $54,251
 N/A
Commercial - secured35,529
 28,440
 N/A
 30,829
 182
 38,366
 27,745
 N/A
Commercial - unsecured
 
 N/A
 177
 3
 710
 587
 N/A
Real estate - home equity199
 199
 N/A
 80
 
 
 
 N/A
Real estate - residential mortgage
 
 N/A
 4,242
 43
 21,598
 21,212
 N/A
Construction - commercial residential62,822
 31,233
 N/A
 24,770
 195
 69,624
 32,354
 N/A
Construction - commercial3,604
 3,298
 N/A
 2,989
 22
 5,637
 2,125
 N/A

156,599
 109,938
 

 107,573
 1,092
 204,518
 138,274
 

With a related allowance recorded:               
Real estate - commercial mortgage100,529
 79,566
 36,060
 79,831
 1,270
 111,190
 104,069
 17,995
Commercial - secured61,970
 47,652
 26,248
 78,380
 1,231
 202,824
 197,674
 64,922
Commercial - unsecured3,139
 2,789
 2,177
 3,864
 34
 8,681
 8,603
 4,191
Real estate - home equity5,294
 5,294
 3,076
 1,952
 
 
 
 
Real estate - residential mortgage39,918
 39,918
 16,295
 53,610
 1,458
 18,518
 18,518
 5,950
Construction - commercial residential41,176
 25,632
 11,287
 47,529
 457
 110,465
 103,826
 22,155
Construction - commercial3,221
 1,049
 506
 1,090
 17
 2,642
 2,642
 715
Construction - other1,127
 1,127
 663
 1,100
 1
 
 
 
Consumer - direct368
 368
 228
 189
 2
 
 
 
Leasing and other and overdrafts56
 56
 37
 59
 
 
 
 

256,798
 203,451
 96,577
 267,604
 4,470
 454,320
 435,332
 115,928
Total$413,397
 $313,389
 $96,577
 $375,177
 $5,562
 $658,838
 $573,606
 $115,928
(1)
Effective April 1, 2011, all impaired loans, that did not have a related allowance for loan loss.

excluding certain accruing TDRs, were non-accrual loans.

N/A – Not applicable.

The average recorded investment in impaired loans during 2010 2009 and 20082009 was approximately $772.3$772.3 million $607.7 and $607.7 million and $328.3 million,, respectively.

The Corporation generally applies all payments received on non-accruing impaired loans to principal until such time as the principal is paid off, after which time any additional payments received are recognized as interest income. The Corporation recognized interest income of approximately $27.4$27.4 million $26.5 and $26.5 million and $16.8 million on impaired loans in 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively.

The following table presents total impaired loans by class segment as of December 31, 2010:

   Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   Recorded
Investment
   Related
Allowance
 
   (in thousands) 

With no related allowance recorded:

      

Real estate - commercial mortgage

  $68,583    $54,251     N/A  

Commercial - secured

   38,366     27,745     N/A  

Commercial - unsecured

   710     587     N/A  

Real estate - residential mortgage (1)

   21,598     21,212     N/A  

Construction - commercial residential

   69,624     32,354     N/A  

Construction - commercial

   5,637     2,125     N/A  

With a related allowance recorded:

      

Real estate - commercial mortgage

   111,190     104,069    $17,995  

Commercial - secured

   202,824     197,674     64,922  

Commercial - unsecured

   8,681     8,603     4,191  

Real estate - residential mortgage (1)

   18,518     18,518     5,950  

Construction - commercial residential

   110,465     103,826     22,155  

Construction - commercial

   2,642     2,642     715  
               

Total

  $658,838    $573,606    $115,928  
               

NA - Not applicable

(1)

Impaired residential mortgages represent loans modified under a troubled debt restructuring in 2010 and/or not performing according to their modified terms as of December 31, 2010.



77


Credit Quality Indicators and Non-performing Assets

One of the most significant factors in assessing the credit quality of the Corporation’s loan portfolio is delinquency status.

The following table presents internal risk ratings for commercial loans, commercial mortgages and certain construction loans, by class segment:

Pass Special Mention Substandard or Lower Total

December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010

(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$4,099,103
 $3,776,714
 $160,935
 $306,926
 $342,558
 $292,340
 $4,602,596
 $4,375,980
Commercial - secured2,977,957
 2,903,184
 166,588
 244,927
 249,014
 323,187
 3,393,559
 3,471,298
Commercial -unsecured230,962
 211,298
 6,066
 14,177
 8,781
 7,611
 245,809
 233,086
Total commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural3,208,919
 3,114,482
 172,654
 259,104
 257,795
 330,798
 3,639,368
 3,704,384
Construction - commercial residential175,706
 251,159
 50,854
 84,774
 126,378
 156,966
 352,938
 492,899
Construction - commercial186,049
 222,357
 7,022
 10,221
 16,309
 11,859
 209,380
 244,437
Total real estate - construction (excluding Construction - other)361,755
 473,516
 57,876
 94,995
 142,687
 168,825
 562,318
 737,336
Total$7,669,777
 $7,364,712
 $391,465
 $661,025
 $743,040
 $791,963
 $8,804,282
 $8,817,700
                
% of Total87.1% 83.5% 4.5% 7.5% 8.4% 9.0% 100.0% 100.0%

The following table presents a summary of delinquency status for home equity, residential mortgage, consumer, leasing and other and certain construction loans by portfolio segmentclass segment:
 Performing Delinquent (1) Non-performing (2) Total
 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010 December 31, 2011 December 31, 2010
 (dollars in thousands)
Real estate - home equity$1,601,722
 $1,619,684
 $11,633
 $11,905
 $11,207
 $10,188
 $1,624,562
 $1,641,777
Real estate - residential mortgage1,043,733
 909,247
 37,123
 36,331
 16,336
 50,412
 1,097,192
 995,990
Real estate - construction - other49,593
 60,956
 2,341
 
 1,193
 2,893
 53,127
 63,849
Consumer - direct34,263
 45,942
 657
 935
 518
 212
 35,438
 47,089
Consumer - indirect151,112
 166,531
 2,437
 2,275
 183
 290
 153,732
 169,096
Consumer - other122,894
 129,911
 3,354
 2,413
 2,683
 1,652
 128,931
 133,976
Total consumer308,269
 342,384
 6,448
 5,623
 3,384
 2,154
 318,101
 350,161
Leasing and other and overdrafts70,550
 63,087
 1,049
 516
 107
 227
 71,706
 63,830
Total$3,073,867
 $2,995,358
 $58,594
 $54,375
 $32,227
 $65,874
 $3,164,688
 $3,115,607
                
% of Total97.1% 96.2% 1.9% 1.7% 1.0% 2.1% 100.0% 100.0%
(1)Includes all accruing loans 30 days to 89 days past due.
(2)Includes all accruing loans 90 days or more past due and class segment as of December 31, 2010:

   Performing   Delinquent (1)   Non-
performing (2)
   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate - commercial mortgage

  $4,257,871    $24,389    $93,720    $4,375,980  

Commercial - secured

   3,373,651     12,111     85,536     3,471,298  

Commercial - unsecured

   229,985     1,182     1,919     233,086  
                    

Total Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural

   3,603,636     13,293     87,455     3,704,384  

Real estate - home equity

   1,619,684     11,905     10,188     1,641,777  

Real estate - residential mortgage

   909,247     36,331     50,412     995,990  

Construction - commercial residential

   409,190     7,273     76,436     492,899  

Construction - commercial

   239,150     0     5,287     244,437  

Construction - other

   60,956     0     2,893     63,849  
                    

Total Real estate - construction

   709,296     7,273     84,616     801,185  

Consumer - direct

   45,942     935     212     47,089  

Consumer - indirect

   166,531     2,275     290     169,096  

Consumer - other

   129,911     2,413     1,652     133,976  
                    

Total Consumer

   342,384     5,623     2,154     350,161  

Leasing and other and overdrafts

   63,087     516     227     63,830  
                    
  $11,505,205    $99,330    $328,772    $11,933,307  
                    

(1)

Includes all accruing loans 30 days to 89 days past due.

(2)

Includes all accruing loans 90 days or more past due and all non-accrual loans.

all non-accrual loans.

The following table presents non-performing assets as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Non-accrual loans

  $280,688    $238,360  

Accruing loans greater than 90 days past due

   48,084     43,359  
          

Total non-performing loans

   328,772     281,719  

Other real estate owned

   32,959     23,309  
          

Total non-performing assets

  $361,731    $305,028  
          

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Non-accrual loans$257,761
 $280,688
Accruing loans greater than 90 days past due28,767
 48,084
Total non-performing loans286,528
 328,772
Other real estate owned30,803
 32,959
Total non-performing assets$317,331
 $361,731


78


The following table presents loans whose terms were modified under troubled debt restructurings,TDRs as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Real estate – residential mortgage

  $37,826    $24,639  

Real estate – commercial mortgage

   18,778     15,997  

Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural

   5,502     1,459  

Real estate – construction

   5,440     0  

Consumer

   263     0  
          

Total accruing troubled debt restructurings

   67,809     42,095  

Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings (1)

   51,175     15,875  
          

Total troubled debt restructurings

  $118,984    $57,970  
          

(1)

Included within non-accrual loans in the preceding table. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings include $22.4 million and $2.931:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Real estate – residential mortgage$32,331
 $37,826
Real estate – commercial mortgage22,425
 18,778
Real estate – construction7,645
 5,440
Commercial – industrial, financial and agricultural3,581
 5,502
Consumer193
 263
Total accruingTDRs66,175
 67,809
Non-accrual TDRs (1)32,587
 51,175
Total TDRs$98,762
 $118,984
(1)Included within non-accrual loans in the preceding table.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there were $1.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of loans that were modified after being placed on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.

There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified under troubled debt restructurings at TDRs.


The following table presents loans modified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 20102011 and 2009, respectively.

classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2011, by class segment:


Number of Loans
Recorded Investment

(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage20 $18,821
Construction - commercial residential4 8,991
Real estate - residential mortgage17 3,912
Commercial - secured11 3,150
Commercial - unsecured1 132

53 $35,006

The following table presents loans modified during 2011, and classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2011, which had a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2011 , by class segment:

Number of Loans Recorded Investment

(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage12 $12,045
Construction - commercial residential2 5,803
Real estate - residential mortgage10 2,032
Commercial - secured3 133

27 $20,013








79



The following table presents past due status and non-accrual loans by portfolio segment and class segment as of December 31, 2010:

  31-59
Days
Past
Due
  60-89
Days
Past Due
  ³ 90
Days
Past Due
and
Accruing
  Non-
accrual
  Total³ 90
Days
  Total
Past Due
  Current  Total 
  (in thousands) 

Real estate - commercial mortgage

 $15,898   $8,491   $6,744   $86,976   $93,720   $118,109   $4,257,871   $4,375,980  

Commercial - secured

  5,274    6,837    13,374    72,162    85,536    97,647    3,373,651    3,471,298  

Commercial - unsecured

  629    553    731    1,188    1,919    3,101    229,985    233,086  
                                

Total Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural

  5,903    7,390    14,105    73,350    87,455    100,748    3,603,636    3,704,384  

Real estate - home equity

  8,138    3,767    10,024    164    10,188    22,093    1,619,684    1,641,777  

Real estate - residential mortgage

  24,237    12,094    13,346    37,066    50,412    86,743    909,247    995,990  

Construction - commercial residential

  3,872    3,401    884    75,552    76,436    83,709    409,190    492,899  

Construction - commercial

  0    0    195    5,092    5,287    5,287    239,150    244,437  

Construction - other

  0    0    491    2,402    2,893    2,893    60,956    63,849  
                                

Total Real estate - construction

  3,872    3,401    1,570    83,046    84,616    91,889    709,296    801,185  

Consumer - direct

  707    228    212    0    212    1,147    45,942    47,089  

Consumer - indirect

  1,916    359    290    0    290    2,565    166,531    169,096  

Consumer - other

  1,751    662    1,638    14    1,652    4,065    129,911    133,976  
                                

Total Consumer

  4,374    1,249    2,140    14    2,154    7,777    342,384    350,161  

Leasing and other and overdrafts

  473    43    155    72    227    743    63,087    63,830  
                                
 $62,895   $36,435   $48,084   $280,688   $328,772   $428,102   $11,505,205   $11,933,307  
                                

segment:

 December 31, 2011
 31-59
Days Past
Due
 60-89
Days Past
Due
 ≥ 90 Days
Past Due
and
Accruing
 Non-
accrual
 Total ≥ 90
Days
 Total Past
Due
 Current Total
 (in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$11,167
 $14,437
 $4,394
 $109,412
 $113,806
 $139,410
 $4,463,186
 $4,602,596
Commercial - secured9,284
 4,498
 4,831
 73,048
 77,879
 91,661
 3,301,899
 3,393,560
Commercial - unsecured671
 515
 409
 2,656
 3,065
 4,251
 241,557
 245,808
Total Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural9,955
 5,013
 5,240
 75,704
 80,944
 95,912
 3,543,456
 3,639,368
Real estate - home equity7,439
 4,194
 5,714
 5,493
 11,207
 22,840
 1,601,722
 1,624,562
Real estate - residential mortgage23,877
 13,246
 8,502
 7,834
 16,336
 53,459
 1,043,733
 1,097,192
Construction - commercial residential2,372
 4,824
 1,656
 53,420
 55,076
 62,272
 290,665
 352,937
Construction - commercial31
 
 128
 4,347
 4,475
 4,506
 204,875
 209,381
Construction - other2,341
 
 66
 1,127
 1,193
 3,534
 49,593
 53,127
Total Real estate - construction4,744
 4,824
 1,850
 58,894
 60,744
 70,312
 545,133
 615,445
Consumer - direct455
 202
 150
 368
 518
 1,175
 34,263
 35,438
Consumer - indirect1,997
 440
 183
 
 183
 2,620
 151,112
 153,732
Consumer - other2,251
 1,103
 2,683
 
 2,683
 6,037
 122,894
 128,931
Total Consumer4,703
 1,745
 3,016
 368
 3,384
 9,832
 308,269
 318,101
Leasing and other and overdrafts925
 124
 51
 56
 107
 1,156
 70,550
 71,706
 $62,810
 $43,583
 $28,767
 $257,761
 $286,528
 $392,921
 $11,576,049
 $11,968,970
                
 December 31, 2010
 31-59
Days Past
Due
 60-89
Days Past
Due
 ≥ 90 Days
Past Due
and
Accruing
 Non-
accrual
 Total ≥ 90
Days
 Total Past
Due
 Current Total
 (in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$15,898
 $8,491
 $6,744
 $86,976
 $93,720
 $118,109
 $4,257,871
 $4,375,980
Commercial - secured5,274
 6,837
 13,374
 72,162
 85,536
 97,647
 3,373,651
 3,471,298
Commercial - unsecured629
 553
 731
 1,188
 1,919
 3,101
 229,985
 233,086
Total Commercial - industrial, financial and agricultural5,903
 7,390
 14,105
 73,350
 87,455
 100,748
 3,603,636
 3,704,384
Real estate - home equity8,138
 3,767
 10,024
 164
 10,188
 22,093
 1,619,684
 1,641,777
Real estate - residential mortgage24,237
 12,094
 13,346
 37,066
 50,412
 86,743
 909,247
 995,990
Construction - commercial residential3,872
 3,401
 884
 75,552
 76,436
 83,709
 409,190
 492,899
Construction - commercial
 
 195
 5,092
 5,287
 5,287
 239,150
 244,437
Construction - other
 
 491
 2,402
 2,893
 2,893
 60,956
 63,849
Total Real estate - construction3,872
 3,401
 1,570
 83,046
 84,616
 91,889
 709,296
 801,185
Consumer - direct707
 228
 212
 
 212
 1,147
 45,942
 47,089
Consumer - indirect1,916
 359
 290
 
 290
 2,565
 166,531
 169,096
Consumer - other1,751
 662
 1,638
 14
 1,652
 4,065
 129,911
 133,976
Total Consumer4,374
 1,249
 2,140
 14
 2,154
 7,777
 342,384
 350,161
Leasing and other and overdrafts473
 43
 155
 72
 227
 743
 63,087
 63,830
 $62,895
 $36,435
 $48,084
 $280,688
 $328,772
 $428,102
 $11,505,205
 $11,933,307








80


NOTE E – PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
NOTE E – PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

The following is a summary of premises and equipment as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Land

  $35,518   $35,587  

Buildings and improvements

   249,026    240,341  

Furniture and equipment

   152,071    150,164  

Construction in progress

   11,927    4,672  
         
   448,542    430,764  

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

   (240,526  (226,561
         
  $208,016   $204,203  
         

31NOTE F – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Land$37,669
 $35,518
Buildings and improvements258,653
 249,026
Furniture and equipment160,424
 152,071
Construction in progress12,064
 11,927
 468,810
 448,542
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(256,536) (240,526)
 $212,274
 $208,016

NOTE F – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill:

   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Balance at beginning of year

  $534,862    $534,385    $624,072  

Goodwill impairment

   0     0     (90,000

Other goodwill additions, net

   656     477     313  
               

Balance at end of year

  $535,518    $534,862    $534,385  
               

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$535,518
 $534,862
 $534,385
Other goodwill additions, net487
 656
 477
Balance at end of year$536,005
 $535,518
 $534,862

The Corporation did not complete any acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008.2009. The other goodwill additions were primarily due to additional purchase price incurred for prior acquisitions as a result of contingencies being met, offset by tax benefits realized on the exercises of stock options assumed in acquisitions.

The Corporation tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units, generally represented as its subsidiary banks. After this allocation is completed, a two-step valuation process is applied, as required by FASB ASC Topic 805. In Step 1, each reporting unit’s fair value is determined based on three metrics: (1) a primary market approach, which measures fair value based on trading multiples of independent publicly traded financial institutions of comparable size and character to the reporting units, (2) a secondary market approach, which measures fair value based on acquisition multiples of publicly traded financial institutions of comparable size and character which were recently acquired, and (3) an income approach, which estimates fair value based on discounted cash flows. If the fair value of any reporting unit exceeds its adjusted net book value, no write-down of goodwill is necessary. If the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its adjusted net book value, a Step 2 valuation procedure is required to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The valuation procedures applied in a Step 2 valuation are similar to those that would be performed upon an acquisition, with the Step 1 fair value representing a hypothetical reporting unit purchase price.

Based on its 20102011 annual goodwill impairment test, the Corporation determined that its The Bank and The Columbia Bank (Columbia) reporting units failed the Step 1 impairment test. As a result of the Step 1 procedures performed,test, The Bank’s adjusted net book value exceeded its fair value by approximately $64$82 million, or 24%31%, while Columbia’s adjusted net book value exceeded its fair value by approximately $78$84 million, or 26%28%. The Corporation determined that no goodwill impairment charge wascharges were necessary in 2011, as these Step 1 shortfalls were offset by the implied fair value adjustments of The Bank’s and Columbia’s assets and liabilities determined in the Step 2 valuation procedures. The goodwill allocated to The Bank and Columbia at December 31, 20102011 was $97.4$97.4 million and $112.7$112.6 million, respectively.

All of the Corporation’s remaining reporting units passed the Step 1 goodwill impairment test, resulting in no goodwill impairment charges in 2010. Two2011. Three reporting units, with total allocated goodwill of $11.2$77.6 million, had fair values that exceeded adjusted net book values by less than 5%. The remaining reporting units, with total allocated goodwill of $314.2$248.4 million, had fair values that exceeded net book values by approximately 15%18% in the aggregate.

Based on its 2010 annual goodwill impairment test, the Corporation determined that its The Bank and Columbia reporting units failed the Step 1 impairment test. As a result of the Step 1 test, The Bank’s adjusted net book value exceeded its fair value by approximately $64 million, or 24%, while Columbia’s adjusted net book value exceeded its fair value by approximately $78 million, or 26%. The Corporation determined that no goodwill impairment charges were necessary in 2010, as these Step 1 shortfalls were offset by the implied fair value adjustments of The Bank’s and Columbia’s assets and liabilities determined in the Step 2

81


valuation procedures.

Based on its 2009 annual goodwill impairment test, the Corporation determined that Columbia failed Step 1 of its impairment test, with its adjusted net book value exceeding fair value by approximately $37$37.0 million, or 14%. However, the Corporation determined that no goodwill impairment charge was necessary, as the Step 1 shortfall was offset by the implied fair value adjustments of Columbia’s assets and liabilities determined in the Step 2 valuation procedures.

Based on its 2008 annual goodwill impairment test, the Corporation determined that the goodwill allocated to Columbia was impaired, resulting in a $90.0 million goodwill impairment charge. Columbia’s 2008 goodwill impairment resulted from a number of external and internal factors. Among the external factors were the 2008 decrease in the values of financial institution stocks and in the acquisition multiples paid for banks of comparable size and character to Columbia, which produced a lower fair value for Columbia under the primary and secondary market approaches. The Corporation acquired Columbia Bancorp in 2006, paying a price that was commensurate with the market at that time, when bank values were higher than they were as of the date of the 2008 impairment test. Among the internal factors which contributed to the 2008 impairment charge were a decrease in expected cash flows for Columbia under the income approach due to the 2008 interest rate environment, which negatively affected Columbia’s net interest income, and deterioration in the credit quality of Columbia’s commercial real estate and construction loan portfolios.

The estimated fair values of the Corporation’s reporting units are subject to uncertainty, including future changes in the trading and acquisition multiples of comparable financial institutions and future operating results of reporting units which could differ significantly from the assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis under the income approach.

The following table summarizes intangible assets as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
       Accumulated          Accumulated    
   Gross   Amortization  Net   Gross   Amortization  Net 
   (in thousands) 

Amortizing:

          

Core deposit

  $50,279    $(40,475 $9,804    $50,279    $(35,911 $14,368  

Unidentifiable and other

   11,878     (10,484  1,394     11,878     (9,808  2,070  
                            

Total amortizing

   62,157     (50,959  11,198     62,157     (45,719  16,438  

Non-amortizing

   1,263     0    1,263     1,263     0    1,263  
                            
  $63,420    $(50,959 $12,461    $63,420    $(45,719 $17,701  
                            

31:

 2011 2010
 Gross Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Gross Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
 (in thousands)
Amortizing:           
Core deposit$50,279
 $(44,134) $6,145
 $50,279
 $(40,475) $9,804
Other11,403
 (10,607) 796
 11,878
 (10,484) 1,394
Total amortizing61,682
 (54,741) 6,941
 62,157
 (50,959) 11,198
Non-amortizing1,263
 
 1,263
 1,263
 
 1,263
 $62,945
 $(54,741) $8,204
 $63,420
 $(50,959) $12,461

Core deposit intangible assets are amortized using an accelerated method over the estimated remaining life of the acquired core deposits. As of December 31, 2010,2011, these assets had a weighted average remaining life of approximately threefour years. UnidentifiableOther amortizing intangible assets, consisting primarily of premiums paid on branch acquisitions in prior years that did not qualify for business combinations accounting under FASB ASC Topic 810, had a weighted average remaining life of twothree years. All other amortizing intangible assets had a weighted average remaining life of approximately fourfive years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled $5.2$4.3 million $5.7, $5.2 million and $7.2$5.7 million in 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively.

Amortization expense for the next five years is expected to be as follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $4,239  

2012

   3,036  

2013

   2,240  

2014

   1,340  

2015

   310  

NOTE G – MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS

Year 
2012$3,008
20132,240
20141,340
2015310
201643



82


NOTE G – MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS
The following table summarizes the changes in MSRs, which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Amortized cost:

   

Balance at beginning of year

  $23,498   $8,491  

Originations of mortgage servicing rights

   12,240    17,571  

Amortization expense

   (5,038  (2,564
         

Balance at end of year

  $30,700   $23,498  
         

Valuation allowance:

   

Balance at beginning of year

  $(1,000 $(1,000

Additions

   (550  0  
         

Balance at end of year

  $(1,550 $(1,000
         

Net MSRs at end of year

  $29,150   $22,498  
         

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Amortized cost:   
Balance at beginning of year$30,700
 $23,498
Originations of mortgage servicing rights9,884
 12,240
Amortization expense(5,918) (5,038)
Balance at end of year$34,666
 $30,700
Valuation allowance:   
Balance at beginning of year$(1,550) $(1,000)
Additions
 (550)
Balance at end of year$(1,550) $(1,550)
Net MSRs at end of year$33,116
 $29,150

MSRs represent the economic value of existing contractual rights to service mortgage loans that have been sold. Accordingly, actual and expected prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans can impact the value of MSRs.

The Corporation estimates the fair value of its MSRs by discounting the estimated cash flows from servicing income, net of expense, over the expected life of the underlying loans at a discount rate commensurate with the risk associated with these assets. Expected life is based on the contractual terms of the loans, as adjusted for prepayment projections for mortgage-backed securities with rates and terms comparable to the loans underlying the MSRs.

The Corporation determined that the estimated fair value of MSRs was $29.2$33.1 million as of December 31, 2011 and $29.2 million as of December 31, 2010 and $22.5 million as of December 31, 2009.. The estimated fair value of MSRs was equal to their book value, net of the valuation allowance, at December 31, 2010.2011. Therefore, no further adjustment to the valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2010.

2011.

Estimated MSR amortization expense for the next five years, based on balances as of December 31, 20102011 and the expected remaining lives of the underlying loans, follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $6,433  

2012

   5,882  

2013

   5,262  

2014

   4,568  

2015

   3,793  

Year 
2012$7,356
20136,671
20145,904
20155,051
20164,103
NOTE H – DEPOSITS
NOTE H – DEPOSITS

Deposits consisted of the following as of December 31:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Noninterest-bearing demand

  $2,194,988    $2,012,837  

Interest-bearing demand

   2,277,190     2,022,746  

Savings and money market accounts

   3,286,435     2,748,467  

Time deposits

   4,629,968     5,313,864  
          
  $12,388,581    $12,097,914  
          

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing demand$2,588,034
 $2,194,988
Interest-bearing demand2,529,388
 2,277,190
Savings and money market accounts3,394,367
 3,286,435
Time deposits4,013,950
 4,629,968
 $12,525,739
 $12,388,581


83


Included in time deposits were certificates of deposit equal to or greater than $100,000$100,000 of $1.7$1.5 billion and $2.1$1.7 billion as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, respectively. The scheduled maturities of time deposits as of December 31, 20102011 were as follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $2,962,803  

2012

   869,599  

2013

   505,935  

2014

   136,386  

2015

   108,416  

Thereafter

   46,829  
     
  $4,629,968  
     

Year 
2012$2,610,438
2013798,373
2014277,693
2015195,809
201669,710
Thereafter61,927
 $4,013,950

NOTE I – SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT
NOTE I – SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 20082009 and the related maximum amounts outstanding at the end of any month in each of the three years then ended are presented below. The securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain in available for sale investment securities.

   December 31   Maximum Outstanding 
   2010   2009   2008   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Federal funds purchased

  $267,844    $378,068    $1,147,673    $506,567    $865,699    $1,531,568  

Customer repurchase agreements

   204,800     259,458     255,796     279,414     347,401     255,796  

Customer short-term promissory notes

   201,433     231,414     356,788     243,637     274,546     498,765  

FHLB overnight repurchase agreements

   0     0     0     0     0     550,000  

Revolving line of credit (1)

   0     0     0     0     0     51,800  

Federal Reserve Bank borrowings

   0     0     0     0     200,000     0  

Other

   0     0     2,513     0     5,215     5,554  
                     
  $674,077    $868,940    $1,762,770        
                     

(1)

Revolving line of credit agreement expired in October 2008.

 December 31 Maximum Outstanding
 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Federal funds purchased$253,470
 $267,844
 $378,068
 $381,093
 $506,567
 $865,699
Customer repurchase agreements186,735
 204,800
 259,458
 235,780
 279,414
 274,546
Customer short-term promissory notes156,828
 201,433
 231,414
 196,562
 243,637
 347,401
Federal Reserve Bank borrowings
 
 
 
 
 200,000
Other
 
 
 
 
 5,215
 $597,033
 $674,077
 $868,940
      
A combination of commercial real estate loans, commercial loans and securities are pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to provide access to Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window borrowings. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, the Corporation had $1.5$1.7 billion and $1.6$1.5 billion, respectively, of collateralized borrowing availability at the Discount Window, and term auction facility, and no outstanding borrowings.

The following table presents information related to customer repurchase agreements:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Amount outstanding as of December 31

  $204,800   $259,458   $255,796  

Weighted average interest rate at year end

   0.39  0.54  4.41

Average amount outstanding during the year

  $252,634   $254,662   $530,354  

Weighted average interest rate during the year

   0.31  0.55  2.13

 2011 2010 2009
 (dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding as of December 31$186,735
 $204,800
 $259,458
Weighted average interest rate at year end0.12% 0.28% 0.42%
Average amount outstanding during the year$208,144
 $252,633
 $254,662
Weighted average interest rate during the year0.13% 0.31% 0.55%

FHLB advances and long-term debt included the following as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

FHLB advances

  $736,043   $1,157,623  

Subordinated debt

   200,000    200,000  

Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures

   185,570    185,570  

Other long-term debt

   1,430    1,491  

Unamortized issuance costs

   (3,593  (3,911
         
  $1,119,450   $1,540,773  
         

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
FHLB advances$666,565
 $736,043
Subordinated debt200,000
 200,000
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures175,260
 185,570
Other long-term debt1,585
 1,430
Unamortized issuance costs(3,261) (3,593)
 $1,040,149
 $1,119,450

Excluded from the preceding table is the Parent Company’s revolving line of credit with its subsidiary banks. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, there were no amounts outstanding under this line of credit. This line of credit is secured by equity securities and

84


insurance investments and bears interest at the prime rate minus 1.50%. Although the line of credit and related interest arewould be eliminated in the consolidated financial statements, this borrowing arrangement is senior to the subordinated debt and the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures.

FHLB advances mature through March 2027 and carry a weighted average interest rate of 4.03%4.14%. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation had an additional borrowing capacity of approximately $1.1 billion$970 million with the FHLB. Advances from the FHLB are secured by FHLB stock, qualifying residential mortgages, investments and other assets.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of FHLB advances and long-term debt as of December 31, 20102011 (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $94,041  

2012

   101,789  

2013

   5,472  

2014

   6,311  

2015

   150,620  

Thereafter

   761,217  
     
  $1,119,450  
     

Year 
2012$126,852
20135,467
20146,006
2015150,855
2016236,391
Thereafter514,578
 $1,040,149

In May 2007, the Corporation issued $100.0$100 million of ten-yearten-year subordinated notes, which mature on May 1, 2017 and carry a fixed rate of 5.75% and an effective rate of approximately 5.96% as a result of issuance costs. Interest is paid semi-annually in May and November of each year. In March 2005, the Corporation issued $100.0$100 million of ten-yearten-year subordinated notes, which mature April 1, 2015 and carry a fixed rate of 5.35% and an effective rate of approximately 5.49% as a result of issuance costs. Interest is paid semi-annually in October and April of each year.

The Parent Company owns all of the common stock of six Subsidiary Trusts,five subsidiary trusts, which have issued Trust Preferred Securities in conjunction with the Parent Company issuing junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures to the trusts. The Trust Preferred Securities are redeemable on specified dates, or earlier if the deduction of interest for Federalfederal income taxes is prohibited, the Trust Preferred Securities no longer qualify as Tier I regulatory capital, or if certain other contingenciesevents arise.

The following table provides details of the debentures as of December 31, 20102011 (dollars in thousands):

Debentures Issued to

  Fixed/
Variable
   Interest
Rate
  Amount   Maturity   Callable   Callable
Rate
 

PBI Capital Trust

   Fixed     8.57 $10,310     8/15/2028     2/04/2011     103.4

SVB Eagle Statutory Trust I

   Variable     3.59  4,124     7/31/2031     7/31/2011     100.0  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust

   Variable     2.95  6,186     6/30/2034     3/31/2011     100.0  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust II

   Variable     2.19  4,124     3/15/2035     3/15/2011     100.0  

Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust III

   Variable     2.07  6,186     6/15/2035     3/15/2011     100.0  

Fulton Capital Trust I

   Fixed     6.29  154,640     2/01/2036     NA     NA  
              
     $185,570        
              

NOTE J

Debentures Issued toFixed/
Variable
 Interest
Rate
 Amount Maturity Callable Callable
Price
SVB Eagle Statutory Trust IVariable 3.73% $4,124
 07/31/31 (1) 100.0
Columbia Bancorp Statutory TrustVariable 3.23% 6,186
 06/30/34 03/31/12
 100.0
Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust IIVariable 2.44% 4,124
 03/15/35 03/15/12
 100.0
Columbia Bancorp Statutory Trust IIIVariable 2.32% 6,186
 06/15/35 03/15/12
 100.0
Fulton Capital Trust IFixed 6.29% 154,640
 02/01/36 N/A
 N/A
     $175,260
      

(1) Redeemed on January 31, 2012.
N/AREGULATORY MATTERS

Dividend and Loan Limitations

The dividends that may be paid by subsidiary banks to the Parent Company are subject to certain legal and regulatory limitations. Under such limitations, the total amount available for payment of dividends by subsidiary banks was approximately $255 million as of December 31, 2010.

Under current Federal Reserve regulations, the subsidiary banks are limited in the amount they may loan to their affiliates, including the Parent Company. Loans to a single affiliate may not exceed 10%, and the aggregate of loans to all affiliates may not exceed 20% of each bank subsidiary’s regulatory capital. As of December 31, 2010, the maximum amount available for transfer from the subsidiary banks to the Parent Company in the form of loans and dividends was approximately $398 million.

Not applicable.



85


NOTE J – REGULATORY MATTERS
Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Corporation’s subsidiary banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by banking regulators. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory – and possibly additional discretionary – actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Corporation’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the subsidiary banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the subsidiary banks’ assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The subsidiary banks’ capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the subsidiary banks to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier I capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). Management believes, as of December 31, 2010,2011, that all of its bank subsidiaries meet the capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of December 31, 2010 and 2009,2011, the Corporation’s fivefour significant subsidiaries, Fulton Bank, N.A., Fulton Bank of New Jersey, The Columbia Bank and Lafayette Ambassador Bank, were well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action based on their capital ratio calculations. As of December 31, 2010, the Corporation’s five significant subsidiaries, Fulton Bank, N.A., The Bank, The Columbia Bank, Skylands Community Bank The Bank and The ColumbiaLafayette Ambassador Bank, were well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action based on their capital ratio calculations. To be categorized as well capitalized, these banks must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since December 31, 20102011 that management believes have changed the institutions’ categories.


The following tables present the total risk-based, Tier I risk-based and Tier I leverage requirements for the Corporation and its significant subsidiaries with total assets in excess of $1.0 billion.

      For Capital    
   Actual  Adequacy Purposes  Well Capitalized 
    Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio  Amount   Ratio 
   (dollars in thousands) 

As of December 31, 2010

          

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,814,972     14.2 $1,019,610     8.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   948,943     12.7    598,952     8.0    748,690     10.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   133,214     12.7    84,155     8.0    105,194     10.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   119,100     12.0    79,605     8.0    99,506     10.0  

The Bank

   210,381     13.4    125,643     8.0    157,054     10.0  

The Columbia Bank

   219,163     14.7    119,191     8.0    148,988     10.0  

Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,473,123     11.6 $509,805     4.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A

   796,658     10.6    299,476     4.0    449,214     6.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   115,360     11.0    42,077     4.0    63,116     6.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   101,834     10.2    39,802     4.0    59,704     6.0  

The Bank

   180,780     11.5    62,822     4.0    94,233     6.0  

The Columbia Bank

   200,319     13.4    59,595     4.0    89,393     6.0  

Tier I Capital (to Average Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,473,123     9.4 $628,611     4.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A

   796,658     9.2    347,140     4.0    433,924     5.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   115,360     8.3    55,395     4.0    69,224     5.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   101,834     7.3    41,774     3.0    69,623     5.0  

The Bank

   180,780     8.8    82,348     4.0    102,935     5.0  

The Columbia Bank

   200,319     10.0    79,937     4.0    99,922     5.0  

As of December 31, 2009

  

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,898,879     14.7 $1,034,714     8.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A.

   801,284     11.1    575,930     8.0    719,913     10.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   127,570     12.2    83,697     8.0    104,621     10.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   115,158     11.8    78,011     8.0    97,514     10.0  

The Bank

   194,143     12.1    128,411     8.0    160,514     10.0  

The Columbia Bank

   215,765     13.6    127,158     8.0    158,947     10.0  

Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,536,021     11.9 $517,357     4.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A

   638,194     8.9    287,965     4.0    431,948     6.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   108,069     10.3    41,848     4.0    62,772     6.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   96,935     9.9    39,006     4.0    58,508     6.0  

The Bank

   161,977     10.1    64,206     4.0    96,309     6.0  

The Columbia Bank

   195,502     12.3    63,579     4.0    95,368     6.0  

Tier I Capital (to Average Assets):

          

Corporation

  $1,536,021     9.7 $636,220     4.0  N/A     N/A  

Fulton Bank, N.A

   638,194     7.9    324,647     4.0    405,809     5.0

Lafayette Ambassador Bank

   108,069     7.6    42,868     3.0    71,446     5.0  

Skylands Community Bank

   96,935     7.5    38,620     3.0    64,366     5.0  

The Bank

   161,977     8.1    79,792     4.0    99,740     5.0  

The Columbia Bank

   195,502     9.1    85,825     4.0    107,281     5.0  

$1 billion.


Actual
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes

Well Capitalized
  Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
 (dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2011           
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):           
Corporation$1,933,278
 15.2% $1,018,865
 8.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A.994,683
 13.2
 604,259
 8.0
 755,324
 10.0%
Fulton Bank of New Jersey327,356
 13.0
 201,381
 8.0
 251,726
 10.0
The Columbia Bank219,432
 15.5
 113,478
 8.0
 141,848
 10.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank143,113
 13.0
 88,408
 8.0
 110,510
 10.0
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):           
Corporation$1,612,859
 12.7% $509,432
 4.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A856,464
 11.3
 302,130
 4.0
 453,194
 6.0%
Fulton Bank of New Jersey284,334
 11.3
 100,690
 4.0
 151,036
 6.0
The Columbia Bank201,564
 14.2
 56,739
 4.0
 85,109
 6.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank125,951
 11.4
 44,204
 4.0
 66,306
 6.0
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets):           
Corporation$1,612,859
 10.3% $626,546
 4.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A856,464
 9.8
 348,385
 4.0
 435,481
 5.0%
Fulton Bank of New Jersey284,334
 8.7
 131,221
 4.0
 164,027
 5.0
The Columbia Bank201,564
 10.6
 75,918
 4.0
 94,897
 5.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank125,951
 8.9
 56,634
 4.0
 70,793
 5.0


86



Actual
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes

Well Capitalized
  
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
 (dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2010 
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):           
Corporation$1,814,972
 14.2% $1,019,610
 8.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A.948,943
 12.7
 598,952
 8.0
 748,690
 10.0%
The Bank210,381
 13.4
 125,643
 8.0
 157,054
 10.0
The Columbia Bank219,163
 14.7
 119,191
 8.0
 148,988
 10.0
Skylands Community Bank119,100
 12.0
 79,605
 8.0
 99,506
 10.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank133,214
 12.7
 84,155
 8.0
 105,194
 10.0
Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets):           
Corporation$1,473,123
 11.6% $509,805
 4.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A.796,658
 10.6
 299,476
 4.0
 449,214
 6.0%
The Bank180,780
 11.5
 62,822
 4.0
 94,233
 6.0
The Columbia Bank200,319
 13.4
 59,595
 4.0
 89,393
 6.0
Skylands Community Bank101,834
 10.2
 39,802
 4.0
 59,704
 6.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank115,360
 11.0
 42,077
 4.0
 63,116
 6.0
Tier I Capital (to Average Assets):           
Corporation$1,473,123
 9.4% $628,611
 4.0% N/A
 N/A
Fulton Bank, N.A.796,658
 9.2
 347,140
 4.0
 433,924
 5.0%
The Bank180,780
 8.8
 82,348
 4.0
 102,935
 5.0
The Columbia Bank200,319
 10.0
 79,937
 4.0
 99,922
 5.0
Skylands Community Bank101,834
 7.3
 41,774
 3.0
 69,623
 5.0
Lafayette Ambassador Bank115,360
 8.3
 55,395
 4.0
 69,224
 5.0
N/A – Not applicable as “well-capitalized” applies to banks only.

Dividend and Loan Limitations
NOTE K – INCOME TAXESThe dividends that may be paid by subsidiary banks to the Parent Company are subject to certain legal and regulatory limitations. Dividend limitations vary, depending on the subsidiary bank’s charter and whether or not it is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Generally, subsidiaries are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below the regulatory minimum capital levels. Additionally, limits exist on paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods. The total amount available for payment of dividends by subsidiary banks was approximately

$278 millionas of December 31, 2011, based on the subsidiary banks maintaining enough capital to be considered well capitalized, as defined above.

Under current Federal Reserve regulations, the subsidiary banks are limited in the amount they may loan to their affiliates, including the Parent Company. Loans to a single affiliate may not exceed 10%, and the aggregate of loans to all affiliates may not exceed 20% of each bank subsidiary’s regulatory capital.



87



NOTE K – INCOME TAXES
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

   2010   2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Current tax expense (benefit):

     

Federal

  $38,333    $36,162   $76,249  

State

   532     (322  804  
              
   38,865     35,840    77,053  

Deferred tax expense (benefit)

   5,544     (20,432  (52,483
              
  $44,409    $15,408   $24,570  
              


2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Current tax expense (benefit):
 
 
Federal$40,141
 $38,333
 $36,162
State6,319
 532
 (322)

46,460
 38,865
 35,840
Deferred tax expense (benefit):

 

 

Federal8,662
 5,544
 (20,432)
State(4,284) 
 

4,378
 5,544
 (20,432)
Income tax expense$50,838
 $44,409
 $15,408
The differences between the effective income tax rate and the Federalfederal statutory income tax rate are as follows:

   2010  2009  2008 

Statutory tax rate

   35.0  35.0  35.0

Effect of tax-exempt income

   (5.8  (11.2  (53.3

Effect of low income housing investments

   (3.3  (5.3  (20.2

Bank-owned life insurance

   (0.6  (1.2  (5.1

State income taxes, net of Federal benefit

   0.2    (0.2  2.8  

Goodwill impairment

   0.0    0.0    166.2  

Other, net

   0.2    0.1    4.2  
             

Effective income tax rate

   25.7  17.2  129.6
             

 2011 2010 2009
Statutory tax rate35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
Effect of tax-exempt income(5.3) (5.8) (11.2)
Effect of low income housing investments(4.3) (3.3) (5.3)
Bank-owned life insurance(0.6) (0.6) (1.2)
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit(4.0) 
 (0.7)
Valuation allowance4.6
 0.2
 0.5
Other, net0.5
 0.2
 0.1
Effective income tax rate25.9 % 25.7 % 17.2 %


88


The net deferred tax asset recorded by the Corporation is included in other assets and consists of the following tax effects of temporary differences as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Deferred tax assets:

   

Allowance for credit losses

  $96,408   $90,143  

Other-than-temporary impairment of investments

   17,482    21,750  

Other accrued expenses

   13,075    12,739  

Deferred compensation

   9,553    9,511  

Loss and credit carryforwards

   8,232    7,887  

Postretirement and defined benefit plans

   5,588    6,016  

LIH investments

   2,613    1,944  

Stock-based compensation

   2,338    2,164  

Derivative financial instruments

   1,571    1,644  

Other

   954    5,049  
         

Total gross deferred tax assets

   157,814    158,847  
         

Deferred tax liabilities:

   

Unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale

   10,769    8,953  

Mortgage servicing rights

   10,745    7,875  

Premises and equipment

   7,557    2,308  

Acquisition premiums/discounts

   5,069    4,511  

Direct leasing

   5,048    8,141  

Intangible assets

   3,456    4,695  

Other

   3,902    1,018  
         

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

   46,546    37,501  
         

Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance

   111,268    121,346  

Valuation allowance

   (8,232  (7,887
         

Net deferred tax asset

  $103,036   $113,459  
         

The valuation allowance relates to state net operating loss carryforwards for which realizability is uncertain. As of December 31 2010 and 2009, the Corporation had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $452 million and $370 million, respectively, which are available to offset future state taxable income, and expire at various dates through 2030.

:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:   
Allowance for credit losses$95,788
 $96,408
Other-than-temporary impairment of investments15,490
 17,482
State loss carryforwards12,405
 8,232
Postretirement and defined benefit plans11,527
 5,588
Other accrued expenses10,415
 13,075
Deferred compensation9,568
 9,553
Other16,262
 7,476
Total gross deferred tax assets171,455
 157,814
Deferred tax liabilities:   
Unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale14,025
 10,769
Mortgage servicing rights11,776
 10,745
Direct leasing7,561
 5,048
Premises and equipment6,919
 7,557
Acquisition premiums/discounts6,174
 5,069
Other5,885
 7,358
Total gross deferred tax liabilities52,340
 46,546
Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance119,115
 111,268
Valuation allowance(17,321) (8,232)
Net deferred tax asset$101,794
 $103,036
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income andand/or capital gain income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies, such as the generation ofthose that may be implemented to generate capital gains, in making this assessment.

The valuation allowance relates to state deferred tax assets and net operating loss carryforwards for which realizability is uncertain. In 2011, state deferred tax assets for temporary differences and net operating losses totaling approximately $18.0 million ($11.7 million net of federal effect) were recognized due to changes in tax regulations. Valuation allowances totaling approximately $13.7 million ($8.9 million net of federal effect) were recorded for the portion of these deferred tax assets that are not considered realizable, based on estimates of future state taxable income.

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Corporation had state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $441 million and $452 million, respectively, which are available to offset future state taxable income, and expire at various dates through 2031.

The Corporation has $16.6$14.9 million of deferred tax assets resulting from other than temporaryother-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities, which would be characterized as capital losses for tax purposes. If realized, the income tax benefits of these potential capital losses can only be recognized for tax purposes to the extent of capital gains generated during carryback and carryforward periods. In addition to existing capital gains realized in carryback periods, theThe Corporation has the ability to generate sufficient offsetting capital gains in future periods through the execution of certain tax planning strategies, which may include the sale and leaseback of some or all of its branch and office properties.


Based on projections for future taxable income and capital gains over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Corporation will realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowance, as of December 31, 2010.

2011.



89


Uncertain Tax Positions

The following summarizes the changes in unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Balance at beginning of year

  $4,481   $4,596  

Current period tax positions

   582    869  

Lapse of statute of limitations

   (980  (984
         

Balance at end of year

  $4,083   $4,481  
         

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$4,083
 $4,481
Prior period tax positions4,492
 
Current period tax positions1,958
 582
Lapse of statute of limitations(1,095) (980)
Balance at end of year$9,438
 $4,083

Virtually all of the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits are for positions that are taken on an annual basis on state tax returns. Increases to unrecognized tax benefits will occur as a result of accruing for the nonrecognition of the position for the current year. Decreases will occur as a result of the lapsing of the statute of limitations for the oldest outstanding year which includes the position. These offsetting increases and decreases are likely to continue in the future, including over the next 12twelve months. While the net effect on total unrecognized tax benefits during this period cannot be reasonably estimated, approximately $1.1$1.2 million is expected to reverse in 20112012 due to lapsing of the statute of limitations.

The 2011 increase for prior period tax positions resulted from the aforementioned changes in tax regulations, which impacted the amount of positions taken in prior years that will ultimately be recognized. The Corporation expects to settle a portion of its uncertain tax positions with the taxing authorities during the next twelve months for approximately $8.0 million ($5.7 million including interest and penalties, and net of federal tax benefit).
Recognition and measurement of tax positions is based on management’s evaluations of relevant tax code and appropriate industry information about audit proceedings for comparable positions at other organizations. The Corporation does not expect to have any changes in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of settlements with taxing authorities during the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2010,2011, if recognized, all of the Corporation’s unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate. Not included in the table above is $1.6$3.6 million of Federalfederal tax expense on unrecognized state tax benefits which, if recognized, would also impact the effective tax rate. Interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits is recorded as a component of income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would also be recognized in income tax expense. The Corporation recognized approximately $475,000 and $352,000$563,000 of interest and penalty expense, net of reversals, in income tax expense related to unrecognized tax positions in 20102011. The Corporation recognized a net benefit of approximately $25,000 and 2009, respectively. Credits to$86,000 for interest and penalties in income tax expense of approximately $500,000 and $438,000 were recognized in 2010 and 2009, respectively, for accrued interest expense related to reserves for unrecognized tax positions that were reversed during such periods.in 2010 and 2009, respectively, as a result of reversals exceeding current period expenses. As of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, total accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax positions were approximately $819,000$1.4 million and $844,000,$819,000, respectively.

The Corporation and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. Federalfederal jurisdiction and various states. In most cases, unrecognized tax benefits are related to tax years that remain subject to examination by the relevant taxable authorities. With few exceptions, the Corporation is no longer subject to U.S. Federal,federal, state and local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2007.

NOTE L – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS2008

.


NOTE L – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The following summarizes the Corporation’s expense (benefit) under its retirement plans for the years ended December 31:

   2010   2009   2008 
   (in thousands) 

Fulton Financial Corporation 401(k) Retirement Plan

  $11,378    $11,118    $10,950  

Pension Plan

   742     1,674     (263
               
  $12,120    $12,792    $10,687  
               

31:

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Fulton Financial Corporation 401(k) Retirement Plan$11,271
 $11,378
 $11,118
Pension Plan413
 742
 1,674
 $11,684
 $12,120
 $12,792

Fulton Financial Corporation 401(k) Retirement Plan – A defined contribution plan that includes two contribution features:

Employer Profit Sharing – elective contributions based on a formula providing for an amount not to exceed 5% of each eligible employee’s covered compensation. During an eligible employee’s first five years of employment, employer contributions vest over a five-yearfive-year graded vesting schedule. Employees hired after July 1, 2007 are not eligible for this contribution.

401(k) Contributions – eligible employees may defer a portion of their pre-tax covered compensation on an annual basis,


90


with employer matches of up to 5% of employee contributions. Employee and employer contributions under these features are 100% vested.


Defined Benefit Pension Plan– Contributions to the Corporation’s defined benefit pension plan (Pension Plan) are actuarially determined and funded annually, if necessary. Effective January 1, 2008, the Pension Plan was curtailed.

Effective January 1, 2008, as required by FASB ASC Subtopic 715-20, the Corporation changed the actuarial measurement date for its Pension Plan from a fiscal year-end of September 30th to December 31st. The impact of this change in the actuarial measurement date was a $66,000 increase to the Corporation’s prepaid pension asset and a cumulative effect adjustment, net of tax, of $43,000 recorded as an increase to retained earnings.

The Corporation recognizes the funded status of its Pension Plan and postretirement benefits plan on the consolidated balance sheets and recognizes the changes in that funded status through other comprehensive income. See the heading “Postretirement Benefits” below for a description of the Corporation’s postretirement benefits.

benefits plan.

Pension Plan

The net periodic pension cost (benefit) for the Pension Plan, as determined by consulting actuaries, consisted of the following components for the years ended December 31:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Service cost (1)

  $104   $153   $143  

Interest cost

   3,367    3,282    3,264  

Expected return on assets

   (3,206  (2,809  (3,670

Net amortization and deferral

   477    1,048    0  
             

Net periodic pension cost (benefit)

  $742   $1,674   $(263
             

31
:
 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Service cost (1)$60
 $104
 $153
Interest cost3,412
 3,367
 3,282
Expected return on assets(3,348) (3,206) (2,809)
Net amortization and deferral289
 477
 1,048
Net periodic pension cost$413
 $742
 $1,674
(1)

Pension plan service cost for all years presented was related to administrative costs associated with the plan and not due to the accrual of additional participant benefits.

The following table summarizes the changes in the projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the Planplan year ended December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year

  $61,997   $60,474  

Service cost

   104    153  

Interest cost

   3,367    3,282  

Benefit payments

   (2,490  (2,190

Change due to change in assumptions

   112    0  

Experience loss

   370    278  
         

Projected benefit obligation, end of year

  $63,460   $61,997  
         

Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year

  $54,597   $48,287  

Actual return on assets

   4,904    8,500  

Benefit payments

   (2,490  (2,190
         

Fair value of plan assets, end of year

  $57,011   $54,597  
         

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year$63,460
 $61,997
Service cost60
 104
Interest cost3,412
 3,367
Benefit payments(2,309) (2,490)
Change due to change in assumptions12,652
 112
Experience (gain) loss(220) 370
Projected benefit obligation, end of year$77,055
 $63,460
    
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year$57,011
 $54,597
Actual return on assets400
 4,904
Benefit payments(2,309) (2,490)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year$55,102
 $57,011

The funded status of the Pension Plan, included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 was as follows:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Projected benefit obligation (1)

  $(63,460 $(61,997

Fair value of plan assets

   57,011    54,597  
         

Funded status

  $(6,449 $(7,400
         

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Projected benefit obligation (1)$(77,055) $(63,460)
Fair value of plan assets55,102
 57,011
Funded status$(21,953) $(6,449)
(1)

As a result of the Pension Plan’s curtailment, the accumulated benefit obligation is equal to the projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009.

2010.


91


The following table summarizes the changes in the unrecognized net loss (gain) recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income:

   Unrecognized Net Loss (Gain) 
   Gross of tax  Net of tax 
   (in thousands) 

Balance as of January 1, 2009

  $17,576   $11,424  

Recognized as a component of 2009 periodic pension cost

   (1,048  (681

Unrecognized gains arising in 2009

   (5,412  (3,518
         

Balance as of December 31, 2009

   11,116    7,225  

Recognized as a component of 2010 periodic pension cost

   (477  (310

Unrecognized gains arising in 2010

   (1,214  (789
         

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  $9,425   $6,126  
         

loss:

 Unrecognized Net Loss 
 Gross of tax Net of tax
 (in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2010$11,116
 $7,225
Recognized as a component of 2010 periodic pension cost(477) (310)
Unrecognized gains arising in 2010(1,214) (789)
Balance as of December 31, 20109,425
 6,126
Recognized as a component of 2011 periodic pension cost(289)
(188)
Unrecognized losses arising in 201115,377

9,995
Balance as of December 31, 2011$24,513

$15,933

The total amount of unrecognized net loss that will be amortized as a component of net periodic pension cost in 20112012 is expected to be $308,000.

$1.7 million.

The following rates were used to calculate net periodic pension cost (benefit) and the present value of benefit obligations as of December 31:

   2010  2009  2008 

Discount rate-projected benefit obligation

   5.50  5.50  5.50

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

   6.00    6.00    6.00  

31:

 2011 2010 2009
Discount rate-projected benefit obligation4.25% 5.50% 5.50%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets6.00% 6.00% 6.00%

As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the 5.50% discount rate used to calculate the present value of benefit obligations was determined using the Citigroup Average Life discount rate table, rounded to the nearest 0.25%. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008,, the 5.50% discount rate used to calculate the present value of benefit obligations was determined using published long-term AA corporate bond rates as of the measurement date, rounded to the nearest 0.25%. The change to the Citigroup Average Life discount rate table in 2010 resulted in a pension discount yield curve that more closely matched the Pension Plan’s expected benefit payments. Had the Corporation used the December 31, 2010 published long-term AA corporate bond rates as of the measurement date, rounded to the nearest 0.25%, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of benefit obligations would have been 5.25%.

The 6.00% long-term rate of return on plan assets used to calculate the net periodic pension cost was based on historical returns, adjusted for expectations of long-term asset returns based on the December 31, 20102011 weighted average asset allocations. The expected long-term return is considered to be appropriate based on the asset mix and the historical returns realized.


The following table presents a summary of the fair values of the Pension Plan’s assets as of December 31:

   2010  2009 
   Estimated
Fair Value
   % of Total
Assets
  Estimated
Fair Value
   % of Total
Assets
 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Cash and money market funds

  $2,482     4.4 $2,820     5.2

Equity common trust funds

   15,365      17,983    

Equity mutual funds

   19,473      12,110    
             

Equity securities

   34,838     61.1    30,093     55.1  

U.S. Government securities

   0      12,447    

Fixed income mutual funds

   19,691      8,379    

Corporate debt securities

   0      858    
             

Debt securities

   19,691     34.5    21,684     39.7  
                   
  $57,011     100.0 $54,597     100.0
                   

Equity securities consist mainly of equity common trust funds31:

 2011 2010
 Estimated
Fair Value
 % of Total
Assets
 Estimated
Fair Value
 % of Total
Assets
 (dollars in thousands)
Equity mutual funds$9,706
 
 $14,362
 
Equity common trust funds6,002
 
 15,365
 
Equity securities15,708
 28.5% 29,727
 52.1%
Cash and money market funds8,115
 
 2,482
 
Fixed income mutual funds7,983
 
 11,668
 
Corporate debt securities6,813
 
 6,194
 
U.S. Government agency securities5,716
 

 6,940
 

Fixed income securities and cash28,627
 52.0% 27,284
 47.9%
Other alternative investment mutual funds10,767
 19.5% 
 %

$55,102
 100.0% $57,011
 100.0%

Investment allocation decisions are made by a retirement plan committee, which meets periodically. During 2011, the investment allocation strategy was revised to reduce risk and mutual funds. Fixed income securities consist mainlyto match certain benefit obligations with maturities of fixed income mutual funds. securities.
Pension Plan assets are invested with a conservative growth objective, with target asset allocations of approximately 25% in equities, 55% in fixed income securities and cash and 20% in alternative investments. Alternative investments may include managed futures, commodities, real estate investment trusts, master limited partnerships, long-short strategies with traditional stocks and bonds. All alternative investments are in the form of mutual funds, not individual contracts, to enable daily liquidity.

92



Prior to 2011, Pension Plan assets were invested with a balanced growth objective, with target asset allocations of approximately 55% for equity securities and approximately 45% percent for fixed income securities and cash. Investment decisions are made by a retirement plan committee, which meets periodically.

The fair values for all assets held by the Pension Plan, excluding equity common trust funds, are based on quoted prices for identical instruments and would be categorized as Level 1 assets under FASB ASC Topic 810. Equity common trust funds would be categorized as Level 2 assets under FASB ASC Topic 810.

Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $2,168  

2012

   2,328  

2013

   2,486  

2014

   2,642  

2015

   2,880  

2016 – 2020

   18,615  
     
  $31,119  
     

Year 
2012$2,341
20132,476
20142,602
20152,844
20163,090
2017 – 202119,757
 $33,110

Postretirement Benefits

The Corporation currently provides medical benefits and life insurance benefits under a postretirement benefits plan (Postretirement Plan) to certain retired full-time employees who were employees of the Corporation prior to January 1, 1998.1998. Certain full-time employees may become eligible for these discretionary benefits if they reach retirement age while working for the Corporation. Early retirees receive no benefits for the time between their retirement date to the date they attain age 65. Benefits are based on a graduated scale for years of service after attaining the age of 40.

During 2009, the Corporation amended the Postretirement Plan to no longer pay benefits for early retirees from their retirement date to the date they attain age 65. As a result of this amendment, the Corporation recorded a $3.3 million ($2.1 million, net of tax) reduction to unrecognized prior service costs through an increase to other comprehensive income.

40.


The components of the expense for postretirement benefits other than pensions are as follows:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Service cost

  $190   $211   $378  

Interest cost

   441    485    595  

Expected return on plan assets

   (3  (4  (4

Net amortization and deferral

   (363  (325  0  
             

Net postretirement benefit cost

  $265   $367   $969  
             

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Service cost$201
 $190
 $211
Interest cost428
 441
 485
Expected return on plan assets(3) (3) (4)
Net amortization and deferral(363) (363) (325)
Net postretirement benefit cost$263
 $265
 $367

The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, beginning of year

  $9,132   $12,051  

Service cost

   190    211  

Interest cost

   441    485  

Benefit payments

   (406  (433

Change due to plan amendment

   0    (3,269

Experience loss

   (796  87  

Change due to change in assumptions

   (216  0  
         

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, end of year

  $8,345   $9,132  
         

Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year

  $110   $127  

Employer contributions

   401    416  

Actual return on assets

   0    0  

Benefit payments

   (406  (433
         

Fair value of plan assets, end of year

  $105   $110  
         

31:

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, beginning of year$8,345
 $9,132
Service cost201
 190
Interest cost428
 441
Benefit payments(363) (406)
Experience loss(305) (796)
Change due to change in assumptions1,345
 (216)
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, end of year$9,651
 $8,345
    
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year$105
 $110
Employer contributions333
 401
Actual return on assets
 
Benefit payments(363) (406)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year$75
 $105


93


The funded status of the Postretirement Plan, included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 20102011 and 20092010 was as follows:

   2010  2009 
   (in thousands) 

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation

  $(8,345 $(9,132

Fair value of plan assets

   105    110  
         

Funded status

  $(8,240 $(9,022
         

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation$(9,651) $(8,345)
Fair value of plan assets75
 105
Funded status$(9,576) $(8,240)

The following table summarizes the changes in items recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss:

   Gross of tax    
   Unrecognized
Prior Service
Cost
  Unrecognized
Net (Gain) Loss
  Total  Net of tax 
   (in thousands) 

Balance as of January 1, 2009

  $0   $893   $893   $580  

Unrecognized gains arising in 2009 as a result of plan amendment

   (3,269  0    (3,269  (2,125

Recognized as a component of 2009 postretirement benefit cost

   333    (8  325    211  

Unrecognized costs arising in 2009

   0    78    78    51  
                 

Balance as of December 31, 2009

   (2,936  963    (1,973  (1,283

Recognized as a component of 2010 postretirement benefit cost

   363    0    363    236  

Unrecognized gains arising in 2010

   0    (1,023  (1,023  (665
                 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  $(2,573 $(60 $(2,633 $(1,712
                 

 Gross of tax  
 Unrecognized
Prior Service
Cost
 Unrecognized
Net Loss (Gain)
 Total Net of tax
 (in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2010$(2,936) $963
 $(1,973) $(1,283)
Recognized as a component of 2010 postretirement benefit cost363
 
 363
 236
Unrecognized gains arising in 2010
 (1,023) (1,023) (665)
Balance as of December 31, 2010(2,573) (60) (2,633) (1,712)
Recognized as a component of 2011 postretirement benefit cost363
 
 363
 236
Unrecognized losses arising in 2011
 1,042
 1,042
 677
Balance as of December 31, 2011$(2,210) $982
 $(1,228) $(799)

The total amount of unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized net loss that will be recognized as a reduction to net periodic postretirement cost in 20112012 is expected to be $363,000.

$363,000 and $2,000, respectively.

For measuring the postretirement benefit obligation, the annual increase in the per capita cost of health care benefits was assumed to be 8.0%8% in year one, declining to an ultimate rate of 5.5% by year five. This health care cost trend rate has a significant impact on the amounts reported. Assuming a 1.0% increase in the health care cost trend rate above the assumed annual increase, the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation would increase by approximately $947,000$1.2 million and the current period expense would increase by approximately $90,000.$91,000. Conversely, a 1.0% decrease in the health care cost trend rate would decrease the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation by approximately $790,000$1.0 million and the current period expense by approximately $73,000.

$74,000.

The following rates were used to calculate net periodic postretirement benefit cost and the present value of benefit obligations as of December 31:
 2011 2010 2009
Discount rate-projected benefit obligation4.25% 5.50% 5.50%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the discount rate used to calculate the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was determined using the Citigroup Average Life discount rate table, rounded to the nearest 0.25%, resulting in a 5.50% discount rate.. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008,, the discount rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was determined using published long-term AA corporate bond rates as of the measurement date, rounded to the nearest 0.25%, or 5.50%. The change to the Citigroup Average Life discount rate table in 2010 resulted in a postretirement discount yield curve that more closely matched the Postretirement Plan’s expected benefit payments. Had the Corporation used the December 31, 2010 published long-term AA corporate bond rates as of the measurement date, rounded to the nearest 0.25%, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of benefit obligations would have been 5.25%.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 3.00% as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.


94


Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $517  

2012

   498  

2013

   498  

2014

   492  

2015

   512  

2016 – 2020

   2,754  
     
  $5,271  
     

Spilt-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements

FASB ASC Subtopic 715-60 addresses accounting for endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide a benefit to an employee that extends to postretirement periods. The postretirement benefit aspects of an endorsement-type split-dollar life insurance arrangement must be recognized as a liability by the employer if that obligation has not been settled through the related insurance arrangement. The amount of the Corporation’s liability represents the actuarial cost of maintaining endorsement split-dollar life insurance policies for certain employees which have not been effectively settled through their related insurance arrangements. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Corporation recorded $24,000 and $26,000, respectively, of postretirement benefit costs associated with its endorsement split-dollar life insurance policies. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the liability associated with these policies was $752,000 and $729,000, respectively.

NOTE M – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Series A Preferred Stock, Common Stock Warrant and Common Stock Issuance

In connection with the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), the U.S. Treasury Department (UST) initiated a Capital Purchase Program (CPP) which allowed for qualifying financial institutions to issue preferred stock to the UST, subject to certain limitations and terms. The EESA was developed to attract broad participation by strong financial institutions, to stabilize the financial system and increase lending to benefit the national economy and citizens of the U.S.

On December 23, 2008, the Corporation entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the UST pursuant to which the Corporation sold to the UST, for an aggregate purchase price of $376.5 million, 376,500 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (preferred stock), par value $1,000 per share, and a warrant to purchase up to 5.5 million shares of common stock, par value $2.50 per share.

The preferred stock ranked senior to the Corporation’s common shares and paid a compounding cumulative dividend at a rate of 5% per year. Dividends were payable quarterly on February 15th, May 15th, August 15th and November 15th. The Corporation was prohibited from paying any dividend with respect to shares of common stock or repurchasing or redeeming any shares of the Corporation’s common shares in any quarter unless all accrued and unpaid dividends were paid on the preferred stock for all past dividend periods (including the latest completed dividend period), subject to certain limited exceptions. In addition, without the consent of the UST, the Corporation was prohibited from declaring or paying any cash dividends on common shares in excess of $0.15 per share, which was the last quarterly cash dividend per share declared prior to October 14, 2008. The Corporation was also restricted in the amounts and types of compensation it may pay to certain of its executives as a result of its participation in the CPP. The preferred stock was non-voting, other than class voting rights on matters that could adversely affect the preferred stock. The 5.5 million common stock warrant issued to the UST had a term of 10 years and was exercisable at any time, in whole or in part, at an exercise price of $10.25 per share (subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments).

At issuance, the $376.5 million of proceeds was allocated to the preferred stock and the warrant based on their relative fair values ($368.9 million was allocated to the preferred stock and $7.6 million to the warrant). The fair value of the preferred stock was estimated using a discounted cash flows model assuming a 10% discount rate and a five-year term. The difference between the initial value allocated to the preferred stock of approximately $368.9 million and the liquidation value of $376.5 million was charged to retained earnings as an adjustment to the dividend yield using the effective yield method.

On May 5, 2010, the Corporation issued 21.8 million shares of its common stock, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of $226.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 14, 2010 the Corporation redeemed all 376,500 outstanding shares of its Series A preferred stock with a total payment to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (UST) of $379.6 million, consisting of $376.5 million of principal and $3.1 million of dividends. The preferred stock had a carrying value of $371.0 million on the redemption date. Upon redemption, the remaining $5.5 million preferred stock discount was recorded as a reduction to net income available to common shareholders.

On September 8, 2010, the Corporation repurchased the outstanding common stock warrant for the purchase of 5.5 million shares of its common stock, for $10.8 million, completing the Corporation’s participation in the UST’s CPP. Upon repurchase, the common stock warrant had a carrying value of $7.6 million. The repurchase price of $10.8 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income.

Year 
2012$483
2013483
2014478
2015498
2016517
2017 – 20212,772
 $5,231

NOTE M – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the components ofchanges in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Unrealized gain (loss) on securities (net of $2.2 million, $15.9 million and $12.9 million tax effect in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively)

  $3,994   $29,550   $(24,027

Non-credit related unrealized loss on other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities (net of $89,000 and $1.8 million tax effect in 2010 and 2009, respectively)

   (166  (3,385  0  

Amortization of unrealized gain on derivative financial instruments
(net of $73,000 tax effect in 2010, 2009 and 2008) (1)

   136    136    136  

Reclassification adjustment for securities losses (gains) included in net income (net of $245,000 and $378,000 tax expense in 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $22.0 million tax benefit in 2008)

   (455  (701  40,947  

Unrecognized pension and postretirement gains (costs) (net of $783,000, $3.0 million and $7.1 million tax effect in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively)

   1,454    5,592    (13,190

Amortization of unrecognized pension and postretirement costs (net of $40,000 and $253,000 tax benefit in 2010 and 2009, respectively)

   74    471    0  
             

Other comprehensive income

  $5,037   $31,663   $3,866  
             

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$12,495
 $7,458
 $(17,907)
Cumulative effect of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 adoption (net of a $3.4 million tax effect)
 
 (6,298)
Other comprehensive loss (income):     
Unrealized gain on securities (net of a $4.7 million, $2.2 million and $15.9 million tax effect in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively)8,768
 3,994
 29,550
Non-credit related unrealized gain (loss) on other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities (net of a $129,000, $89,000 and $1.8 million tax effect in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively)240
 (166) (3,385)
Amortization of unrealized gain on derivative financial instruments (net of a $73,000 tax effect in 2011, 2010 and 2009) (1)136
 136
 136
Reclassification adjustment for securities gains included in net income (net of a $1.6 million, $245,000 and $378,000 tax expense in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively)(2,964) (455) (701)
Unrecognized pension and postretirement (costs) income (net of a $5.7 million, $783,000 and $3.0 million tax effect in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively)(10,672) 1,454
 5,592
(Accretion) amortization of unrecognized pension and postretirement costs (net of a $26,000, $40,000 and $253,000 tax benefit in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively)(48) 74
 471
Other comprehensive (loss) income(4,540) 5,037
 31,663
Balance at end of year$7,955
 $12,495
 $7,458
(1)

Amounts represent the amortization of the effective portions of losses on forward-starting interest rate swaps, designated as cash flow hedges and entered into in prior years in connection with the issuance of fixed-rate debt. The total amount recorded as a reduction to accumulated other comprehensive income upon settlement of these derivatives is being amortized to interest expense over the life of the related securities using the effective interest method. The amount of net losses in accumulated other comprehensive incomeloss that will be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve12 months is expected to be approximately $135,000.

$136,000.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

The following table presents compensation expense and related tax benefits for equity awards recognized in the consolidated statements of operations:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Compensation expense

  $1,996   $1,781   $2,058  

Tax benefit

   (456  (241  (272
             

Stock-based compensation, net of tax

  $1,540   $1,540   $1,786  
             

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Compensation expense$4,249
 $1,996
 $1,781
Tax benefit(1,192) (456) (241)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax$3,057
 $1,540
 $1,540

The tax benefit shown in the preceding table is less than the benefit that would be calculated using the Corporation’s 35% statutory Federal

95


federal tax rate. Tax benefits are only recognized over the vesting period for optionsawards that ordinarily will generate a tax deduction when exercised, (non-qualifiedin the case of non-qualified stock options).options, or upon vesting, in the case of restricted stock. The Corporation granted 1,000 and 42,000 non-qualified stock options in 2011 and 2009, respectively. The Corporation did not grant any non-qualified stock options in 2010. The Corporation granted 42,000 and 111,000 non-qualified stock options in 2009 and 2008, respectively.

2010.

The following table presents compensation expense and related tax benefits for restricted stock awards recognized in the consolidated statements of operations, and included as a component of total stock-based compensation within the preceding table:

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Compensation expense

  $1,172   $458   $189  

Tax benefit

   (412  (164  (68
             

Restricted stock compensation, net of tax

  $760   $294   $121  
             

Under the Option Plan, stock options and restricted stock can be granted to key employees.

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Compensation expense$3,194
 $1,172
 $458
Tax benefit(1,119) (412) (164)
Restricted stock compensation, net of tax$2,075
 $760
 $294

Stock option exercise pricesfair values are equal toestimated through the fair valueuse of the Corporation’s stock onBlack-Scholes valuation methodology as of the date of grant, and carry terms of up to ten years. Restricted stock fair values are equal to the average trading price of the Corporation’s stock on the date of grant. Restricted stock awards earn dividends during the vesting

period, which are forfeitable if the awards do not vest. Stock options and restricted stock are typically granted annually on July 1st and become fully vested over or after a three-year vesting period. Certain events as defined in the Employee Option Plan resultsand the Directors' Plan result in the acceleration of the vesting of both stock options and restricted stock.


Stock options and restricted stock awarded under the Employee Option Plan have historically been granted annually on July 1 and become fully vested over or after a three-year vesting period. As of December 31, 2010,2011, the Employee Option Plan had 13.012.4 million shares reserved for future grants through 2013.

2013.


On July 1, 2011, the Corporation granted approximately 11,000 shares of restricted stock to non-employee directors of the holding company under its Directors’ Plan that become fully vested after one year. As of December 31, 2011, the Directors’ Plan had 489,000 shares reserved for future grants through 2021.
In connection with the Corporation’s participation in the U.S. Treasury Department’sDepartment's (UST) Capital Purchase Program component of(CPP), the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the 2010 and 2009 restricted stock shares granted to certain key employees are subject to the requirements and limitations contained in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), as amended, and related regulations. Among other things, restricted stock grants to these key employees may not fully vest until the longer of: two years after the date of grant, or the Corporation’s participation in the CPP ends. The Corporation's participation in the CPP ended on July 14, 2010. None of the key employees who received 2010 and 2009 restricted stock grants subject to the Capital Purchase ProgramCPP vesting restrictions received 2010 or 2009 stock option awards.

The following table provides information about stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2010:

   Stock
Options
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2009

   7,011,368   $12.79      

Granted

   577,992    9.48      

Exercised

   (162,151  5.94      

Forfeited

   (715,057  14.58      

Expired

   (279,888  9.77      
             

Outstanding as of December 31, 2010

   6,432,264   $12.17     4.5 years    $4.0  
                   

Exercisable as of December 31, 2010

   5,450,498   $14.03     4.1 years    $2.0  
                   

2011:

 Stock
Options
 Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding as of December 31, 20106,432,264
 $13.15
    
Granted616,686
 10.88
    
Exercised(261,272) 7.48
    
Forfeited(116,472) 12.61
    
Expired(289,048) 11.08
    
Outstanding as of December 31, 20116,382,158
 $13.27
 4.7 years $2.4
Exercisable as of December 31, 20115,294,042
 $14.01
 3.8 years $1.6


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The following table provides information about nonvested stock options and restricted stock granted under the Employee Option and Directors' Plans for the year ended December 31, 2010:

   Nonvested Stock Options   Restricted Stock 
   Options  Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
   Shares  Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2009

   1,511,332   $1.59     278,431   $6.42  

Granted

   577,992    1.57     269,129    9.48  

Vested

   (984,584  1.72     (4,922  13.24  

Forfeited

   (122,974  1.64     (16,770  6.77  
                  

Nonvested as of December 31, 2010

   981,766   $1.48     525,868   $7.92  
                  

2011:

 Nonvested Stock Options Restricted Stock
 Options Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 Shares Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2010981,766
 $1.48
 525,868
 $7.92
Granted616,686
 2.10
 352,091
 10.52
Vested(451,817) 1.40
 (54,671) 9.89
Forfeited(58,519) 1.74
 (13,401) 8.56
Nonvested as of December 31, 20111,088,116
 $1.86
 809,887
 $8.90

As of December 31, 2010,2011, there was $3.5$4.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options and restricted stock that will be recognized as compensation expense over a weighted average period of two years.


The following table presents information about options exercised:

   2010   2009   2008 
   (dollars in thousands) 

Number of options exercised

   162,151     121,155     522,299  

Total intrinsic value of options exercised

  $600    $317    $1,975  

Cash received from options exercised

  $962    $662    $2,219  

Tax deduction realized from options exercised

  $466    $286    $1,428  

 2011 2010 2009
 (dollars in thousands)
Number of options exercised261,272
 162,151
 121,155
Total intrinsic value of options exercised$763
 $600
 $317
Cash received from options exercised$1,855
 $962
 $662
Tax deduction realized from options exercised$680
 $466
 $286

Upon exercise, the Corporation issues shares from its authorized, but unissued, common stock to satisfy the options.

The fair value of option awards under the Employee Option Plan iswas estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation methodology, which is dependent upon certain assumptions, as summarized in the following table:

   2010  2009  2008 

Risk-free interest rate

   2.23  3.36  3.50

Volatility of Corporation’s stock

   20.40    31.14    19.31  

Expected dividend yield

   2.49    2.28    6.02  

Expected life of options

   6 Years    7 Years    6 Years  

 2011 2010 2009
Risk-free interest rate2.35% 2.23% 3.36%
Volatility of Corporation’s stock22.80
 20.40
 31.14
Expected dividend yield2.41
 2.49
 2.28
Expected life of options6 Years
 6 Years
 7 Years

The expected life of the options was estimated based on historical employee behavior and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Volatility of the Corporation’s stock was based on historical volatility for the period commensurate with the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury rate commensurate with the expected life of the options on the date of the grant.

Based on the assumptions used in the model, the Corporation calculated an estimated fair value per option of $1.57, $1.53$2.10, $1.57 and $0.91$1.53 for options granted in 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively. Approximately 616,686, 578,000 485,000 and 364,000485,000 options were granted in 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008,2009, respectively.

Under the ESPP, eligible employees can purchase stock of the Corporation at 85% of the fair market value of the stock on the date of purchase. The ESPP is considered to be a compensatory plan and, as such, compensation expense is recognized for the 15% discount on shares purchased.

The following table summarizes activity under the ESPP:

   2010   2009   2008 

ESPP shares purchased

   184,092     261,691     171,438  

Average purchase price per share (85% of market value)

  $7.93    $5.46    $9.22  

Compensation expense recognized (in thousands)

  $258    $252    $279  

 2011 2010 2009
ESPP shares purchased164,610
 184,092
 261,691
Average purchase price per share (85% of market value)$8.39
 $7.93
 $5.46
Compensation expense recognized (in thousands)$244
 $258
 $252

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NOTE N – LEASESSeries A Preferred Stock, Common Stock Warrant and Common Stock Issuance

In connection with the EESA, the UST initiated a CPP which allowed for qualifying financial institutions to issue preferred stock to the UST, subject to certain limitations and terms. The EESA was developed to attract broad participation by strong financial institutions, to stabilize the financial system and to increase lending to benefit the national economy and citizens of the U.S.
On December 23, 2008, the Corporation entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the UST pursuant to which the Corporation sold to the UST, for an aggregate purchase price of $376.5 million, 376,500 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (preferred stock), par value $1,000 per share, and a warrant to purchase up to 5.5 million shares of common stock, par value $2.50 per share. The preferred stock carried a dividend rate of 5.00%.
On May 5, 2010, the Corporation issued 21.8 million shares of its common stock, in an underwritten public offering, for net proceeds of $226.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 14, 2010 the Corporation redeemed all 376,500 outstanding shares of its preferred stock with a total payment to the UST of $379.6 million, consisting of $376.5 million of principal and $3.1 million of dividends. The preferred stock had a carrying value of $371.0 million on the redemption date. Upon redemption, the remaining $5.5 million preferred stock discount was recorded as a reduction to net income available to common shareholders.
On September 8, 2010, the Corporation repurchased the outstanding common stock warrant for the purchase of 5.5 million shares of its common stock for $10.8 million, completing the Corporation’s participation in the UST’s CPP. Upon repurchase, the common stock warrant had a carrying value of $7.6 million. The repurchase price of $10.8 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the statement of shareholders’ equity and comprehensive income.

NOTE N – LEASES
Certain branch offices and equipment are leased under agreements that expire at varying dates through 2035.2035. Most leases contain renewal provisions at the Corporation’s option. Total rental expense was approximately $18.2$18.6 million in 2010, $18.82011, $18.2 million in 20092010 and $19.1$18.8 million in 2008.

2009.

Future minimum payments as of December 31, 20102011 under non-cancelable operating leases with initial terms exceeding one year are as follows (in thousands):

Year

    

2011

  $15,270  

2012

   14,141  

2013

   12,107  

2014

   9,997  

2015

   8,970  

Thereafter

   52,840  
     
  $113,325  
     

NOTE O – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Year 
2012$15,981
201314,725
201412,515
201511,452
201610,332
Thereafter64,061
 $129,066

NOTE O – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments is expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Corporation evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment and income producing commercial properties. The Corporation records a reserve for unfunded commitments, included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, which represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in these commitments. See Note D, “Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses” for additional information.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the financial or performance obligation of a customer to a third-party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Corporation underwrites these obligations using the same criteria as its commercial lending underwriting. The

98


Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss for standby letters of credit is equal to the contractual (or notional) amount of the instruments.

The following table presents the Corporation’s commitments to extend credit and letters of credit:

   2010   2009 
   (in thousands) 

Commercial mortgage and construction

  $333,060    $329,159  

Home equity

   946,637     891,570  

Commercial and other

   2,501,127     2,720,357  
          

Total commitments to extend credit

  $3,780,824    $3,941,086  
          

Standby letters of credit

  $489,097    $551,064  

Commercial letters of credit

   31,388     37,662  
          

Total letters of credit

  $520,485    $588,726  
          

 2011 2010
 (in thousands)
Commercial mortgage and construction$275,308
 $333,060
Home equity1,019,470
 946,637
Commercial and other2,508,754
 2,501,127
Total commitments to extend credit$3,803,532
 $3,780,824
    
Standby letters of credit$444,019
 $489,097
Commercial letters of credit31,557
 31,388
Total letters of credit$475,576
 $520,485

Residential Lending

Residential mortgages are originated and sold by the Corporation through Fulton Mortgage Company (Fulton Mortgage), which operates as a division of each of the Corporation’s subsidiary banks. The loans originated and sold are predominantly “prime” loans that conform to published standards of government-sponsored agencies. Prior to 2008, the Corporation’s former Resource Bank subsidiary operated a national wholesale mortgage lending operation which originated and sold significant volumes of non-prime loans from the time theThe Corporation acquired Resource Bank in 2004 through 2007.

Beginning in 2007, Resource Mortgage experienced an increase inhas received repurchase requests from secondary market purchasers to repurchasefor non-prime loans, soldthe majority of which were originated in years prior to those investors. These repurchase requests resulted in2008. As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation recording charges representing the write-downs that were necessary to reduce the loan balances to their estimated net realizable values, based on valuations of the underlying properties, as adjustedreserve for market factors and other considerations. Many of the loans the Corporation has repurchased were delinquent and were settled through foreclosure and sale of the underlying collateral.

The following table presents a summary of approximate principal balances and related reserves/write-downs recognizedlosses on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheet, by general category:

   2010  2009 
   Principal   Reserves/
Write-downs
  Principal   Reserves/
Write-downs
 
   (in thousands) 

Outstanding repurchase requests (1) (2)

  $4,880    $(2,520 $6,130    $(3,750

No repurchase request received – sold loans with identified potential misrepresentations of borrower information (1) (2)

   3,260     (820  3,650     (1,260

Repurchased loans (3)

   3,390     (460  5,580     (870

Foreclosed real estate (OREO) (4)

   3,720     0    9,140     0  
             

Total reserves/write-downs

  

  $(3,800   $(5,880
             

(1)

Principal balances had not been repurchased and, therefore, are not included on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.

(2)

Reserve balance included as a component of other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.

(3)

Principal balances, net of write-downs, are included as a component of loans, net of unearned income on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.

(4)

OREO is written down to its estimated fair value upon transfer from loans receivable.

potential repurchase of loans previously sold was $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2010, the reserve for losses on the potential repurchase of loans was $3.3 million. Management believes that the reserves recorded as of December 31, 20102011 are adequate for the known potential repurchases. However, continued declines in collateral values or the identification of additional loans to be repurchased could necessitate additional reserves in the future.

Other Contingencies

From time to time, the

The Corporation and its subsidiary banks may be defendantssubsidiaries are involved in various legal proceedings relating toin the conductordinary course of their business. Mostthe business of suchthe Corporation. The Corporation periodically evaluates the possible impact of pending litigation matters based on, among other factors, the advice of counsel, available insurance coverage and recorded liabilities and reserves for probable legal liabilities and costs. As of the date of this report, the Corporation believes that any liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, which may result from the final outcomes of pending proceedings are not expected to have a normal part of the banking business and, in management’s opinion,material adverse effect on the financial position, the operating results and/or the liquidity of the Corporation. However, litigation is often unpredictable and the actual results of operationslitigation cannot be determined with certainty and, cash flowstherefore, the ultimate resolution of any matter and the Corporation would notpossible range of liabilities associated with potential outcomes may need to be affected materially byreevaluated in the outcome of such legal proceedings.

NOTE P – FAIR VALUE MEAUREMENTS

future.




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NOTE P – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
As required by FASB ASC Topic 820, all assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value both on a recurring and non-recurring basis have been categorized based on the method of their fair value determination.

Following is a summary of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reported on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31:

   2010 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Mortgage loans held for sale

  $0    $83,940    $0    $83,940  

Available for sale investment securities:

        

Equity securities

   40,070     0     0     40,070  

U.S. Government securities

   0     1,649     0     1,649  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

   0     5,058     0     5,058  

State and municipal securities

   0     349,563     0     349,563  

Corporate debt securities

   0     111,675     13,111     124,786  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   0     1,104,058     0     1,104,058  

Mortgage-backed securities

   0     871,472     0     871,472  

Auction rate securities

   0     0     260,679     260,679  
                    

Total available for sale investment securities

   40,070     2,443,475     273,790     2,757,335  

Other financial assets

   13,582     9,256     0     22,838  
                    

Total assets

  $53,652    $2,536,671    $273,790    $2,864,113  
                    

Other financial liabilities

  $13,582    $760    $0    $14,342  
                    
   2009 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Mortgage loans held for sale

  $0    $79,577    $0    $79,577  

Available for sale investment securities:

        

Equity securities

   41,256     0     0     41,256  

U.S. Government securities

   0     1,325     0     1,325  

U.S. Government sponsored agency securities

   0     91,956     0     91,956  

State and municipal securities

   0     415,773     0     415,773  

Corporate debt securities

   0     104,779     11,960     116,739  

Collateralized mortgage obligations

   0     1,122,996     0     1,122,996  

Mortgage-backed securities

   0     1,080,024     0     1,080,024  

Auction rate securities

   0     0     289,203     289,203  
                    

Total available for sale investment securities

   41,256     2,816,853     301,163     3,159,272  

Other financial assets

   13,882     2,353     0     16,235  
                    

Total assets

  $55,138    $2,898,783    $301,163    $3,255,084  
                    

Other financial liabilities

  $13,882    $1,480    $0    $15,362  
                    

31:

 2011
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (in thousands)
Mortgage loans held for sale$
 $47,009
 $
 $47,009
Available for sale investment securities:
 
 
 
Equity securities34,586
 
 
 34,586
U.S. Government securities
 334
 
 334
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities
 4,073
 
 4,073
State and municipal securities
 322,018
 
 322,018
Corporate debt securities
 114,017
 9,289
 123,306
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 1,001,209
 
 1,001,209
Mortgage-backed securities
 880,097
 
 880,097
Auction rate securities
 
 225,211
 225,211
Total available for sale investment securities34,586
 2,321,748
 234,500
 2,590,834
Other financial assets13,130
 3,901
 
 17,031
Total assets$47,716
 $2,372,658
 $234,500
 $2,654,874
Other financial liabilities$13,130
 $2,734
 $
 $15,864
        
 2010
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (in thousands)
Mortgage loans held for sale$
 $83,940
 $
 $83,940
Available for sale investment securities:
 
 
 
Equity securities40,070
 
 
 40,070
U.S. Government securities
 1,649
 
 1,649
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities
 5,058
 
 5,058
State and municipal securities
 349,563
 
 349,563
Corporate debt securities
 111,675
 13,111
 124,786
Collateralized mortgage obligations
 1,104,058
 
 1,104,058
Mortgage-backed securities
 871,472
 
 871,472
Auction rate securities
 
 260,679
 260,679
Total available for sale investment securities40,070
 2,443,475
 273,790
 2,757,335
Other financial assets13,582
 9,256
 
 22,838
Total assets$53,652
 $2,536,671
 $273,790
 $2,864,113
Other financial liabilities$13,582
 $760
 $
 $14,342
The valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the items in the table above are as follows:

Mortgage loans held for sale – This category consists of mortgage loans held for sale that the Corporation has elected to measure at fair value. Fair values as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were measured as the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics. See Note A, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for details related to the Corporation’s election to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

100


Available for sale investment securities – Included within this asset category are both equity and debt securities. Level 2 available for sale debt securities are valued by a third-party pricing service commonly used in the banking industry. The pricing service uses evaluated pricing models that vary based on asset class and incorporate available market information including quoted prices of investments securities with similar characteristics. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, evaluated pricing models use available information, as applicable, through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing
Standard market inputs include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the standard market inputs may not be applicable.

Management tests the values provided by the pricing service by obtaining securities prices from an alternative third party source and comparing the results. This test is done for approximately 80% of the securities valued by the pricing service. Generally, differences by security in excess of 5% are researched to reconcile the difference.
Equity securities – Equity securities consist of stocks of financial institutions ($27.9 million at December 31, 2011 and $33.1 million at December 31, 2010) and other equity investments ($6.7 million at December 31, 2011 and $7.0 million at December 31, 2010). These Level 1 investments are measured at fair value based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets. Restricted equity securities issued by the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank ($82.5 million at December 31, 2011 and $96.4 million at December 31, 2010) have been excluded from the above table.
U.S. Government securities/U.S. Government sponsored agency securities/State and municipal securities/Collateralized mortgage obligations/Mortgage-backed securities – These debt securities are classified as Level 2 investments. Fair values are determined by a third-party pricing service, as detailed above.
Corporate debt securities – This category consists of subordinated debt issued by financial institutions ($41.3 million at December 31, 2011 and $35.9 million at December 31, 2010), single-issuer trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions ($74.4 million at December 31, 2011 and $81.8 million at December 31, 2010), pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions ($5.1 million at December 31, 2011 and $4.5 million at December 31, 2010) and other corporate debt issued by non-financial institutions ($2.5 million at December 31, 2011 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2010).
Mortgage loans held for sale – This category consists of mortgage loans held for sale that the Corporation has elected to measure at fair value. Fair values as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 were measured as the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics. See Note A, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for details related to the Corporation’s election to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

Available for sale investment securities – Included within this asset category are both equity and debt securities:

Equity securities – Equity securities consist of stocks of financial institutions ($33.1 million at December 31, 2010 and $32.3 million at December 31, 2009) and mutual fund and other equity investments ($7.0 million at December 31, 2010 and $9.0 million at December 31, 2009). These Level 1 investments are measured at fair value based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets. Restricted equity securities issued by the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank ($96.4 million at December 31, 2010 and $99.1 million at December 31, 2009) have been excluded from the above table.

U.S. Government securities/U.S. Government sponsored agency securities/State and municipal securities/Collateralized mortgage obligations/Mortgage-backed securities – These debt securities are classified as Level 2 investments. Fair values are determined by a third-party pricing service using both quoted prices for similar assets, when available, and model-based valuation techniques that derive fair value based on market-corroborated data, such as instruments with similar prepayment speeds and default interest rates. The pricing data and market quotes the Corporation obtains from outside sources are reviewed internally for reasonableness.

Corporate debt securities– This category consists of subordinated debt issued by financial institutions ($35.9 million at December 31, 2010 and $32.7 million at December 31, 2009), single-issuer trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions ($81.8 million at December 31, 2010 and $75.8 million at December 31, 2009), pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions ($4.5 million at December 31, 2010 and $5.0 million at December 31, 2009) and other corporate debt issued by non-financial institutions ($2.6 million at December 31, 2010 and $3.2 million at December 31, 2009).

Classified as Level 2 investments are the subordinated debt, other corporate debt issued by non-financial institutions and $73.2$70.2 million and $68.8$73.2 million of single-issuer trust preferred securities held at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009,, respectively. These corporate debt securities are measured at fair value by a third-party pricing service, using both quoted prices for similar assets, when available, and model-based valuation techniques that derive fair value based on market-corroborated data, such as instruments with similar prepayment speeds and default interest rates. As with the debt securities described above, an active market presently exists for securities similar to these corporate debt security holdings.

detailed above.

Classified as Level 3 assets are the Corporation’s investments in pooled trust preferred securities and certain single-issuer trust preferred securities ($($4.2 million at December 31, 2011 and $8.6 million at December 31, 2010 and $7.0 million at December 31, 2009)). The fair values of these securities were determined based on quotes provided by third-party brokers who determined fair values based predominantly on internal valuation models which were not indicative prices or binding offers. The Corporation’s third-party pricing service cannot derive fair values for these securities primarily due to inactive markets for similar investments.

Level 3 values are tested by management primarily through trend analysis, by comparing current values to those reported at the end of the preceding calendar quarter, and determining if they are reasonable based on price and spread movements for this asset class.

Auction rate securities – Due to their illiquidity, ARCs are classified as Level 3 investments and are valued through the use of an expected cash flows model prepared by a third-party valuation expert. The assumptions used in preparing the expected cash flows model include estimates for coupon rates, time to maturity and market rates of return. Management tests Level 3 valuations for ARCs by performing a trend analysis of the market price and discount rate. Changes in the price and discount rates are compared to changes in market data, including bond ratings, parity ratios, balances and delinquency levels. Any inconsistencies are reconciled through discussions with the third-party valuation expert.
Other financial assets – Included within this asset category are: Level 1 assets, consisting of mutual funds that are held in trust for employee deferred compensation plans and measured at fair value based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets; and Level 2 assets representing the fair values of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors. The fair values of the Corporation’s interest rate locks and forward commitments are determined as the amounts that would be required to settle the derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. See Note A, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.
Other financial liabilities – Included within this category are: Level 1 employee deferred compensation liabilities which

101


represent amounts due to employees under the deferred compensation plans, described under the heading “Other financial assets” above and Level 2 mortgage banking derivatives, described under the heading “Other financial assets” above.
Auction rate securities – Due to their illiquidity, ARCs are classified as Level 3 investments and are valued through the use of an expected cash flows model prepared by a third-party valuation expert. The assumptions used in preparing the expected cash flows model include estimates for coupon rates, time to maturity and market rates of return. The expected cash flows model the Corporation obtains from outside sources is reviewed internally for reasonableness.

Other financial assets – Included within this asset category are: Level 1 assets, consisting of mutual funds that are held in trust for employee deferred compensation plans and measured at fair value based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets; and Level 2 assets representing the fair values of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors. The fair values of the Corporation’s interest rate locks and forward commitments are determined as the amounts that would be required to settle the derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. See Note A, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

Other financial liabilities – Included within this category are: Level 1 employee deferred compensation liabilities which represent amounts due to employees under the deferred compensation plans, described under the heading “Other financial assets” above and Level 2 mortgage banking derivatives, described under the heading “Other financial assets” above.

The following tables present the changes in the Corporation’s assets and liabilitiesavailable for sale investment securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31:

   2010 
   Available for Sale Investment Securities 
   (in thousands) 
   Pooled Trust
Preferred
Securities
  Single-issuer
Trust
Preferred
Securities
   Auction Rate
Securities
(ARCs)
 

Balance, December 31, 2009

  $4,979   $6,981    $289,203  

Realized adjustments to fair value (2)

   (11,969  0     0  

Unrealized adjustments to fair value (3)

   11,842    1,601     (10,850

Sales

   0    0     (15,266

Redemptions

   (328  0     (8,969

Discount accretion (4)

   4    1     6,561  
              

Balance, December 31, 2010

  $4,528   $8,583    $260,679  
              

   2009 
   Available for Sale Investment Securities  Other
Financial

Liabilities
– ARC
Financial
Guarantee
 
   Pooled Trust
Preferred
Securities
  Single-issuer
Trust
Preferred
Securities
  Auction Rate
Securities
(ARCs)
  
   (in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2008

  $15,381   $7,544   $195,900   $(8,653

Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2

   0    (1,008  0    0  

Purchases (1)

   0    0    89,385    14,890  

Realized adjustments to fair value (2)

   (9,470  0    0    (6,237

Unrealized adjustments to fair value (3)

   (925  443    10,326    0  

Sales

   0    0    (2,872  0  

Redemptions

   0    0    (7,589  0  

(Premium amortization)/Discount accretion (4)

   (7  2    4,053    0  
                 

Balance, December 31, 2009

  $4,979   $6,981   $289,203   $0  
                 

31
:
 2011
 Pooled Trust
Preferred
Securities
 Single-issuer
Trust
Preferred
Securities
 Auction Rate
Securities
(ARCs)
 (in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2010$4,528
 $8,583
 $260,679
Transfer from Level 3 to Level 2 (1)
 (800) 
Realized adjustments to fair value (2)(1,406) 
 (292)
Unrealized adjustments to fair value (3)2,465
 28
 (4,383)
Sales (4)
 
 
Settlements - maturities

(1,650)


Settlements - calls(476) (1,980) (34,844)
(Premium amortization) discount accretion (5)(2) (1) 4,051
Balance, December 31, 2011$5,109
 $4,180
 $225,211
 2010
 Pooled Trust
Preferred
Securities
 Single-issuer
Trust
Preferred
Securities
 Auction Rate
Securities
(ARCs)
 (in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2009$4,979
 $6,981
 $289,203
Transfer from Level 2 to Level 3
 650
 

Realized adjustments to fair value (2)(11,969) 
 
Unrealized adjustments to fair value (3)11,842
 951
 (10,850)
Sales
 
 (15,266)
Settlements - calls(328) 
 (8,969)
Discount accretion (4)4
 1
 6,561
Balance, December 31, 2010$4,528
 $8,583
 $260,679
(1)

In 2008,

During the Corporation offered to purchase illiquid ARCs from customers. The estimatedyear ended December 31, 2011, one single-issuer trust preferred security with a fair value of $800,000 as of December 31, 2010 was reclassified as a Level 2 asset. As of December 31, 2011, the guaranteefair value of this security was measured by a third-party pricing service using both quoted prices for similar assets and model-based valuation techniques that derived fair value based on market-corroborated data, such as instruments with similar prepayment speeds and default interest rates. As of December 31, 2010, the fair value of this security was determined based on the difference between thequotes provided by third-party brokers who determined its fair value of the ARCs and their estimated purchase price. During 2009, the Corporation completed the repurchase of all eligible ARCs and, as of December 31, 2009, there were no longer any ARCs still held by customers that the Corporation had agreed to purchase.

based predominantly on an internal valuation model.
(2)

For pooled trust preferred securities and ARCs, realized adjustments to fair value represent credit related other-than-temporary impairment charges that were recorded as a reduction to investment securities gains on the consolidated statements of operations. For the ARC financial guarantee, the realized adjustment to fair value was included as a component of operating risk loss on the consolidated statements of operations.

income.
(3)

Pooled trust preferred securities, single-issuer trust preferred securities and ARCs are classified as available for sale investment securities; as such, the unrealized adjustment to fair value was recorded as an unrealized holding gain (loss) and included as a component of available for sale investment securities on the consolidated balance sheet.

(4)

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Corporation sold one pooled trust preferred security with a par value of $6.4 million and a book value of zero for no gain or loss. This security had a book value of zero as a result of prior year other-than-temporary impairment charges.
(5)Included as a component of net interest income on the consolidated statements of operations.

income.



102


Certain financial assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value measurement in certain circumstances, such as upon their acquisition or when there is evidence of impairment. The following tables present the Corporation’s financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and reported on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31:

   2010 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Net loans

  $0    $0    $457,678    $457,678  

Other financial assets

   0     0     62,109     62,109  
                    

Total assets

  $0    $0    $519,787    $519,787  
                    

Reserve for unfunded commitments

  $0    $0    $1,227    $1,227  
                    
   2009 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
   (in thousands) 

Loans held for sale

  $0    $5,807    $0    $5,807  

Net loans

   0     0     642,889     642,889  

Other financial assets

   0     0     45,807     45,807  
                    

Total assets

  $0    $5,807    $688,696    $694,503  
                    

Reserve for unfunded commitments

  $0    $0    $855    $855  
                    

31:

 2011
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (in thousands)
Net loans$
 $
 $216,812
 $216,812
Other financial assets
 
 63,919
 63,919
Total assets$
 $
 $280,731
 $280,731
Reserve for unfunded commitments$
 $
 $1,706
 $1,706
        
 2010
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
 (in thousands)
Net loans
 
 457,678
 457,678
Other financial assets
 
 62,109
 62,109
Total assets$
 $
 $519,787
 $519,787
Reserve for unfunded commitments$
 $
 $1,227
 $1,227

The valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the items in the table above are as follows:

Loans held for sale – This category consists of floating rate residential mortgage construction loans which are measured at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. Fair value was measured as the prices that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics.

Net loans – This category consists of loans which were considered to be impaired under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 and have been classified as Level 3 assets. Impaired loans are generally measured at fair value of their underlying collateral. An allowance for loan losses is allocated to an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The amount shown is the balance of impaired loans, net of the related allowance for loan losses.

Other financial assets – This category includes OREO ($33.0 million at December 31, 2010 and $23.3 million at December 31, 2009) and MSRs, net of the MSR valuation allowance ($29.1 million at December 31, 2010 and $22.5 million at December 31, 2009), both classified as Level 3 assets.

Net loans – This category consists of loans that were evaluated for impairment under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35 and have been classified as Level 3 assets. The amount shown is the balance of impaired loans, net of the related allowance for loan losses. See Note D, "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses," for additional details.
Other financial assets – This category includes OREO ($30.8 million at December 31, 2011 and $33.0 million at December 31, 2010)and MSRs net of the MSR valuation allowance ($33.1 million at December 31, 2011 and $29.1 million at December 31, 2010), both classified as Level 3 assets.
Fair values for OREO were based on estimated selling prices less estimated selling costs for similar assets in active markets.

MSRs are initially recorded at fair value upon the sale of residential mortgage loans, which the Corporation continues to service, to secondary market investors. MSRs are amortized as a reduction to servicing income over the estimated lives of the underlying loans. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment by comparing the carrying amount to estimated fair value. Fair value is determined at the end of each quarter through a discounted cash flows valuation. Significant inputs to the valuation include expected net servicing income, the discount rate and the expected life of the underlying loans.

Reserve for unfunded commitments – This Level 3 liability represents the estimate of losses associated with unused commitments to extend credit.
Reserve for unfunded commitments – This liability, included as Level 3 liabilities above, represents the estimate of losses associated with unused commitments to extend credit on loans which are impaired under FASB ASC Section 310-10-35. The reserve for unfunded commitments represents the shortfall between commitments to extend credit on impaired loans in comparison to the fair value of their underlying collateral.

As required by FASB ASC Section 825-10-50, the following table details the book values and the estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and 2009.. In addition, a general description of the methods and assumptions used to estimate such fair values is also provided below.

provided.

Fair values of financial instruments are significantly affected by assumptions used, principally the timing of future cash flows and discount rates. Because assumptions are inherently subjective in nature, the estimated fair values cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent market quotes and, in many cases, the estimated fair values could not necessarily be realized in an immediate sale or settlement of the instrument. Further, certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments not measured at fair value on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets are excluded. The aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of the Corporation.

   2010   2009 

FINANCIAL ASSETS

  Book Value   Estimated
Fair Value
   Book Value   Estimated
Fair Value
 
   (in thousands) 

Cash and due from banks

  $198,954    $198,954    $284,508    $284,508  

Interest-bearing deposits with other banks

   33,297     33,297     16,591     16,591  

Loans held for sale (1)

   83,940     83,940     85,384     85,384  

Securities held to maturity

   7,751     7,818     8,700     8,797  

Securities available for sale (1)

   2,853,733     2,853,733     3,258,386     3,258,386  

Loans, net of unearned income (1)

   11,933,307     11,909,539     11,972,424     11,972,109  

Accrued interest receivable

   53,841     53,841     58,515     58,515  

Other financial assets (1)

   230,044     230,044     128,374     128,374  

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

                

Demand and savings deposits

  $7,758,613    $7,758,613    $6,784,050    $6,784,050  

Time deposits

   4,629,968     4,677,494     5,313,864     5,349,237  

Short-term borrowings

   674,077     674,077     868,940     868,940  

Accrued interest payable

   33,333     33,333     46,596     46,596  

Other financial liabilities (1)

   56,591     56,591     53,267     53,267  

FHLB advances and long-term debt

   1,119,450     1,077,724     1,540,773     1,474,082  


103


 2011 2010
 Book Value Estimated
Fair Value
 Book Value Estimated
Fair Value
FINANCIAL ASSETS(in thousands)
Cash and due from banks$292,598
 $292,598
 $198,954
 $198,954
Interest-bearing deposits with other banks175,336
 175,336
 33,297
 33,297
Loans held for sale (1)47,009
 47,009
 83,940
 83,940
Securities held to maturity6,669
 6,699
 7,751
 7,818
Securities available for sale (1)2,673,298
 2,673,298
 2,853,733
 2,853,733
Loans, net of unearned income (1)11,968,970
 11,992,586
 11,933,307
 11,909,539
Accrued interest receivable51,098
 51,098
 53,841
 53,841
Other financial assets (1)315,952
 315,952
 282,174
 282,174
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES       
Demand and savings deposits$8,511,789
 $8,511,789
 $7,758,613
 $7,758,613
Time deposits4,013,950
 4,056,247
 4,629,968
 4,677,494
Short-term borrowings597,033
 597,033
 674,077
 674,077
Accrued interest payable25,686
 25,686
 33,333
 33,333
Other financial liabilities (1)69,816
 69,816
 80,250
 80,250
FHLB advances and long-term debt1,040,149
 982,010
 1,119,450
 1,077,724
(1)

Description of fair value determinations for these financial instruments, or certain financial instruments within these categories, measured at fair value on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, are disclosed above.

For short-term financial instruments defined as those with remaining maturities of 90 days or less, excluding those recorded at fair value on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, the book value was considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

The following instruments are predominantly short-term:

Assets

  

Liabilities

Cash and due from banks

  

Demand and savings deposits

Interest bearing deposits

  

Short-term borrowings

Federal funds sold

  

Accrued interest payable

Accrued interest receivable

  

Other financial liabilities

For those financial instruments within the above-listed categories with remaining maturities greater than 90 days, fair values were determined by discounting contractual cash flows using rates which could be earned for assets with similar remaining maturities and, in the case of liabilities, rates at which the liabilities with similar remaining maturities could be issued as of the balance sheet date.


The estimated fair values of securities held to maturity as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and 2009 were generally based on quoted market prices, broker quotes or dealer quotes.

For short-term loans and variable rate loans that reprice within 90 days, the book value was considered to be a reasonable estimate of

Estimated fair value. For other types ofvalues for loans and time deposits fair value waswere estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

Fair values estimated in this manner do not fully incorporate an exit price approach to fair value, as defined in FASB ASC Topic 820.

The fair value of FHLB advances and long-term debt was estimated by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows using a rate at which the Corporation could issue debt with a similar remaining maturity as of the balance sheet date. The fair values of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are estimated to equal their carrying amounts.

NOTE Q – CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - PARENT COMPANY ONLY




104


NOTE Q – CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - PARENT COMPANY ONLY
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

   December 31      December 31 
   2010   2009      2010   2009 

ASSETS

      LIABILITIES AND EQUITY    

Cash

  $10    $119    Long-term debt  $381,976    $381,659  

Securities and other assets

   12,073     7,667    Payable to non-bank subsidiaries   253,338     16,380  

Receivable from subsidiaries

   14,974     6,385    Other liabilities   42,343     36,360  
                

Investment in:

              Total Liabilities   677,657     434,399  
          

Bank subsidiaries

   1,963,412     1,798,610        

Non-bank subsidiaries

   567,577     558,100    Shareholders’ equity   1,880,389     1,936,482  
                      

        Total Assets

  $2,558,046    $2,370,881            Total Liabilities and           Shareholders’ Equity  $2,558,046    $2,370,881  
                      

 December 31  December 31
 2011 2010  2011 2010
ASSETS    LIABILITIES AND EQUITY   
Cash$59
 $10
 Long-term debt$371,999
 $381,976
Other assets9,694
 10,931
 Payable to non-bank subsidiaries24,144
 253,338
Receivable from subsidiaries18,752
 14,974
 Other liabilities59,338
 41,201

    Total Liabilities455,481
 676,515
Investments in:        
Bank subsidiaries2,067,415
 1,963,412
     
Non-bank subsidiaries352,100
 567,577
 Shareholders’ equity1,992,539
 1,880,389
Total Assets$2,448,020
 $2,556,904
 Total Liabilities and           Shareholders’ Equity$2,448,020
 $2,556,904

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Income:

    

Dividends from subsidiaries

  $63,850   $157,900   $76,453  

Other

   73,438    70,775    68,174  
             
   137,288    228,675    144,627  

Expenses

   105,012    99,526    98,757  
             

Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries

   32,276    129,149    45,870  

Income tax benefit

   (11,180  (10,354  (11,312
             
   43,456    139,503    57,182  

Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of:

    

Bank subsidiaries

   78,146    18,596    (23,449

Non-bank subsidiaries

   6,730    (84,175  (39,350
             

Net Income (Loss)

  $128,332   $73,924   $(5,617

Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion

   (16,303  (20,169  (463
             

Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders

  $112,029   $53,755   $(6,080
             

INCOME

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Income:     
Dividends from subsidiaries$91,325
 $63,850
 $157,900
Other78,662
 73,438
 70,775
 169,987
 137,288
 228,675
Expenses112,398
 105,012
 99,526
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries57,589
 32,276
 129,149
Income tax benefit(11,523) (11,180) (10,354)
 69,112
 43,456
 139,503
Equity in undistributed net income (loss) of:     
Bank subsidiaries80,908
 78,146
 18,596
Non-bank subsidiaries(4,447) 6,730
 (84,175)
Net Income145,573
 128,332
 73,924
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion
 (16,303) (20,169)
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders$145,573
 $112,029
 $53,755


105


CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   2010  2009  2008 
   (in thousands) 

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

    

Net Income (Loss)

  $128,332   $73,924   $(5,617

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to

    

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

    

Stock-based compensation

   1,996    1,781    2,058  

(Increase) decrease in other assets

   (12,531  6,489    (5,322

Equity in undistributed net (income) loss of subsidiaries

   (84,876  65,579    62,799  

Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and payable to non-bank subsidiaries

   244,063    (35,312  4,862  
             

Total adjustments

   148,652    38,537    64,397  
             

Net cash provided by operating activities

   276,984    112,461    58,780  

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

    

Investment in bank subsidiaries

   (86,300  (53,000  0  

Investment in non-bank subsidiaries

   0    (10,000  (294,500

Line of credit to non-bank subsidiary

   0    88,114    (88,212
             

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

   (86,300  25,114    (382,712

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

    

Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings

   0    (86,000  38,268  

(Redemption) proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and common stock warrant

   (387,300  0    376,500  

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

   231,510    7,419    13,177  

Dividends paid

   (35,003  (58,913  (103,976
             

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

   (190,793  (137,494  323,969  
             

Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents

   (109  81    37  

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year

   119    38    1  
             

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year

  $10   $119   $38  
             

 2011 2010 2009
 (in thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:     
Net Income$145,573
 $128,332
 $73,924
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:     
Stock-based compensation4,249
 1,996
 1,781
Decrease (increase) in other assets2,086
 (11,389) 6,489
Equity in undistributed net (income) loss of subsidiaries(76,461) (84,876) 65,579
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and payable to non-bank subsidiaries18,428
 242,921
 (35,312)
Total adjustments(51,698) 148,652
 38,537
Net cash provided by operating activities93,875
 276,984
 112,461
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:     
Investments in bank subsidiaries(15,000) (86,300) (53,000)
Investments in non-bank subsidiaries(41,125) 
 (10,000)
Line of credit to non-bank subsidiary
 
 88,114
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(56,125) (86,300) 25,114
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:     
Net decrease in short-term borrowings
 
 (86,000)
Repayments of long-term debt(10,619) 
 
Redemption of preferred stock and common stock warrant
 (387,300) 
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock6,835
 231,510
 7,419
Dividends paid(33,917) (35,003) (58,913)
Net cash used in financing activities(37,701) (190,793) (137,494)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents49
 (109) 81
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year10
 119
 38
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year$59
 $10
 $119

106


Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of Fulton Financial Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Fulton Financial Corporation’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010,2011, using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2010,2011, the company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

/s/ R. SCOTT SMITH, JR.        
R. Scott Smith, Jr.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ CHARLES J. NUGENT        
Charles J. Nugent
Senior Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer



107


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Fulton Financial Corporation:


We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fulton Financial Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’income, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010.2011. We also have audited Fulton Financial Corporation’sCorporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010,2011, based oncriteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Fulton Financial Corporation’sCorporation's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’sCompany's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’scompany's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’scompany's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention, or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’sCompany's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent, or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Fulton Financial Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 20102011 and 2009,2010, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010,2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, Fulton Financial Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010,2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

As discussed in Note A to the financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for other-than-temporary impairment for debt securities in 2009, due to the adoption of FASB Staff Position No. 115-2 and 124-2, “RecognitionRecognition and Presentation of Other-than-Temporary Impairments,” which was codified as FASB ASC Subtopic 320-10.


/s/ KPMG LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 1, 2011February 29, 2012



108


QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per-share data)

   Three Months Ended 
   Mar 31  Jun 30  Sep 30  Dec 31 

FOR THE YEAR 2010

     

Interest income

  $190,588   $187,680   $185,356   $181,749  

Interest expense

   52,079    48,522    45,170    40,856  
                 

Net interest income

   138,509    139,158    140,186    140,893  

Provision for credit losses

   40,000    40,000    40,000    40,000  

Other income

   38,260    44,912    52,998    48,732  

Other expenses

   100,022    101,105    102,711    107,069  
                 

Income before income taxes

   36,747    42,965    50,473    42,556  

Income tax expense

   9,267    11,283    12,793    11,066  
                 

Net income

   27,480    31,682    37,680   ��31,490  

Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion

   (5,065  (5,066  (6,172  0  
                 

Net income available to common shareholders

  $22,415   $26,616   $31,508   $31,490  
                 

Per common share data:

     

Net income (basic)

  $0.13   $0.14   $0.16   $0.16  

Net income (diluted)

   0.13    0.14    0.16    0.16  

Cash dividends

   0.03    0.03    0.03    0.03  

FOR THE YEAR 2009

     

Interest income

  $195,567   $198,097   $197,861   $194,942  

Interest expense

   71,451    70,153    65,060    58,849  
                 

Net interest income

   124,116    127,944    132,801    136,093  

Provision for credit losses

   50,000    50,000    45,000    45,020  

Other income

   47,700    46,209    41,915    40,036  

Other expenses

   107,158    108,638    100,545    101,121  
                 

Income before income taxes

   14,658    15,515    29,171    29,988  

Income tax expense

   1,573    2,404    5,825    5,606  
                 

Net income

   13,085    13,111    23,346    24,382  

Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion

   (5,031  (5,046  (5,046  (5,046
                 

Net income available to common shareholders

  $8,054   $8,065   $18,300   $19,336  
                 

Per common share data:

     

Net income (basic)

  $0.05   $0.05   $0.10   $0.11  

Net income (diluted)

   0.05    0.05    0.10    0.11  

Cash dividends

   0.03    0.03    0.03    0.03  

 Three Months Ended
 Mar 31 Jun 30 Sep 30 Dec 31
FOR THE YEAR 2011       
Interest income$175,694
 $174,935
 $173,736
 $169,333
Interest expense36,131
 34,290
 32,243
 30,874
Net interest income139,563
 140,645
 141,493
 138,459
Provision for credit losses38,000
 36,000
 31,000
 30,000
Other income45,461
 45,779
 48,139
 48,348
Other expenses100,864
 100,885
 105,867
 108,860
Income before income taxes46,160
 49,539
 52,765
 47,947
Income tax expense12,375
 13,154
 13,441
 11,868
Net income$33,785
 $36,385
 $39,324
 $36,079
Per common share data:       
Net income (basic)$0.17
 $0.18
 $0.20
 $0.18
Net income (diluted)0.17
 0.18
 0.20
 0.18
Cash dividends0.04
 0.05
 0.05
 0.06
FOR THE YEAR 2010       
Interest income$190,588
 $187,680
 $185,356
 $181,749
Interest expense52,079
 48,522
 45,170
 40,856
Net interest income138,509
 139,158
 140,186
 140,893
Provision for credit losses40,000
 40,000
 40,000
 40,000
Other income37,797
 44,150
 52,616
 47,757
Other expenses99,559
 100,343
 102,329
 106,094
Income before income taxes36,747
 42,965
 50,473
 42,556
Income tax expense9,267
 11,283
 12,793
 11,066
Net income27,480
 31,682
 37,680
 31,490
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion(5,065) (5,066) (6,172) 
Net income available to common shareholders$22,415
 $26,616
 $31,508
 $31,490
Per common share data:       
Net income (basic)$0.13
 $0.14
 $0.16
 $0.16
Net income (diluted)0.13
 0.14
 0.16
 0.16
Cash dividends0.03
 0.03
 0.03
 0.03


109


Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not Applicable.

applicable.


Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Corporation carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon the evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2010,2011, the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

The “Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” and the “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” may be found in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this document.

Changes in Internal Controls

There was no change in the Corporation’s “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.


Item 9B. Other Information

Not Applicable.

applicable.



110


PART III


Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Incorporated by reference herein is the information appearing under the headings “Information about Nominees, Directors and Independence Standards,” “Named Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Code of Conduct,” “Procedure for Shareholder Nominations,” and “Other Board Committees”within the Corporation’s 20112012 Proxy Statement.

The information concerning executive officers required by this Item is provided under the caption “Executive Officers” within Item 1, Part I,“Business” in this Annual Report.

The Corporation has adopted a code of ethics (Code of Conduct) that applies to all directors, officers and employees, including the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Corporate Controller. A copy of the Code of Conduct may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Corporate Secretary at Fulton Financial Corporation, P.O. Box 4887, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-4887, and is also available via the internet at www.fult.com.


Item 11. Executive Compensation

Incorporated by reference herein is the information appearing under the headings “Information Concerning Compensation” and “Human Resources Interlocks and Insider Participation”within the Corporation’s 20112012 Proxy Statement.


Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Incorporated by reference herein is the information appearing under the heading “Security Ownership of Directors, Nominees, Management and Certain Beneficial Owners”within the Corporation’s 20112012 Proxy Statement, and information appearing under the heading “Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans” within Item 5, “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in this Annual Report.


Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Incorporated by reference herein is the information appearing under the headings “Related“Related Person Transactions” and “Information about Nominees, Continuing Directors and Independence Standards”within the Corporation’s 20112012 Proxy Statement, and the information appearing in “Note D - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.

in this Annual Report.


Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Incorporated by reference herein is the information appearing under the heading “Relationship With Independent Public Accountants”within the Corporation’s 20112012 Proxy Statement.



111


PART IV


Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:

1.

Financial Statements — The following consolidated financial statements of Fulton Financial Corporation and subsidiaries are incorporated herein by reference in response to Item 8 above:

 (i)

Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 20102011 and 2009.

2010.

 (ii)

Consolidated Statements of OperationsIncome - Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008.

2009.

 (iii)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008.

2009.

 (iv)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008.

2009.

 (v)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 (vi)

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

2.

Financial Statement Schedules — All financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and have therefore been omitted.

3.

Exhibits — The following is a list of the Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K and filed as part of this report:

 

3.1

Articles of Incorporation, as amended and restated, of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Form S-4 Registration Statement filed on October 7, 2005.

3.2

Bylaws of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 18, 2008.

3.3

Certificate of Designations of Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A of Fulton Financial Corporation – Incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

4.1

An Indenture entered into on March 28, 2005 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.35% subordinated notes due April 1, 2015 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2005.

4.2

Purchase Agreement entered into between Fulton Financial Corporation, Fulton Capital Trust I, FFC Management, Inc. and Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. with respect to the Trust’s issuance and sale in a firm commitment public offering of $150 million aggregate liquidation amount of 6.29% Capital Securities – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 20, 2006.

4.3

First Supplemental Indenture entered into on May 1, 2007 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% subordinated notes due May 1, 2017 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 1, 2007.

4.4

Form of Preferred Stock Certificate to the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

4.5

Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock to the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

10.1

Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and R. Scott Smith, Jr. dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.

10.2

Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Craig H. Hill dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.

10.3

Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Charles J. Nugent dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.

10.4

Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and James E. Shreiner dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.

10.5

Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and E. Philip Wenger dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.

10.6

Form of Death Benefit Only Agreement to Senior Management – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10K dated March 1, 2007.

10.7

Fulton Financial Corporation 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 1, 2010.

10.8

Form of Stock Option Agreement and Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Officers of the Corporation as of July 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 20, 2008.

10.9

Form of Amendment to Stock Option Agreement for John M. Bond – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2006.

10.10

Fulton Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.

10.11

Form of Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.

10.12

Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.

10.13

Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives First Covered After 2004 but Before 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.

10.14

Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Fiserv Solutions, Inc. dated as of January 1, 2005. Portions of this exhibit have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a request for confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. See also Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 24, 2005.

10.15

Letter agreement dated December 23, 2008 with the U.S. Department of the Treasury, including Securities Purchase Agreement – Standard Terms – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

10.16

Form of waiver required for senior executive officers in connection with sale of preferred stock under the Capital Purchase Program – between Senior Executive Officers and the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

10.17

Form of letter agreement with senior executive officers related to compensation, in conformity with the Capital Purchase Program – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.

10.18

Form of executive letter agreement, related to the Capital Purchase Program compensation standards – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers or Most Highly Compensated Employees – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 24, 2009.

10.19

Fulton Financial Corporation Variable Compensation Plan Summary Description – filed herewith.

21

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

23

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

99.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

99.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

101

Interactive data file containing the following financial statements formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008; and, (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this interactive data file shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and shall not be deemed “filed” or part of any registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 under the Securities Act of 1933, or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

FULTON FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Dated:

March 1, 2011

By:/S/    R. SCOTT SMITH, JR.        
R. Scott Smith, Jr.,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been executed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Capacity

Date

/S/    JEFFREY G. ALBERTSON, ESQ.        

Jeffrey G. Albertson, Esq.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    JOE N. BALLARD        

Joe N. Ballard

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    JOHN M. BOND, JR.        

John M. Bond, Jr.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    DONALD M. BOWMAN, JR.        

Donald M. Bowman, Jr.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    DANA A. CHRYST        

Dana A. Chryst

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    BETH ANN L. CHIVINSKI        

Beth Ann L. Chivinski

Executive Vice President and Controller

(Principal Accounting Officer)

March 1, 2011

/S/    CRAIG A. DALLY        

Craig A. Dally

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    PATRICK J. FREER        

Patrick J. Freer

Director

March 1, 2011

Signature

Capacity

Date

/S/    RUFUS A. FULTON, JR.        

Rufus A. Fulton, Jr.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    GEORGE W. HODGES        

George W. Hodges

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    WILLEM KOOYKER        

Willem Kooyker

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    DONALD W. LESHER, JR.        

Donald W. Lesher, Jr.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    CHARLES J. NUGENT        

Charles J. Nugent

Senior Executive Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer (Principal

Financial Officer)

March 1, 2011

/S/    JOHN O. SHIRK, ESQ.        

John O. Shirk, Esq.

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    R. SCOTT SMITH, JR.        

R. Scott Smith, Jr.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

March 1, 2011

/S/    GARY A. STEWART        

Gary A. Stewart

Director

March 1, 2011

/S/    E. PHILIP WENGER

E. Philip Wenger

President and Chief Operating Officer

March 1, 2011

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibits Required Pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K

 3.13.1Articles of Incorporation, as amended and restated, of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Form S-4 Registration Statement filed on October 7, 2005.
8-K dated June 24, 2011.
 3.43.2Bylaws of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 18, 2008.
  3.5Certificate of Designations of Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A of Fulton Financial Corporation – Incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
4.1An Indenture entered into on March 28, 2005 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.35% subordinated notes due April 1, 2015 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2005.
4.2Purchase Agreement entered into between Fulton Financial Corporation, Fulton Capital Trust I, FFC Management, Inc. and Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. with respect to the Trust’s issuance and sale in a firm commitment public offering of $150 million aggregate liquidation amount of 6.29% Capital Securities – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 20, 2006.
4.3First Supplemental Indenture entered into on May 1, 2007 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% subordinated notes due May 1, 2017 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 1, 2007.
  4.4Form of Preferred Stock Certificate to the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
  4.5Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock to the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.1Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and R. Scott Smith, Jr. dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.2Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Craig H. Hill dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.3Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Charles J. Nugent dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.4Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and James E. Shreiner dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.510.5Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and E. Philip Wenger dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.6Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Craig A. Roda dated August 1, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 5, 2011.
10.7Retention Bonus Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and R. Scott Smith dated September 28, 2011 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2011.


112


10.610.8Form of Death Benefit Only Agreement to Senior Management – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K10K dated March 1, 2007.
10.710.9Fulton Financial Corporation 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 1, 2010.
10.810.10Form of Stock Option Agreement and Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Officers of the Corporation as of July 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 20, 2008.
10.910.11Form of Amendment to Stock Option Agreement for John M. Bond – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2006.
10.12
Amended and Restated Fulton Financial Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Fulton Financial Corporation’s definitive proxy statement, dated April 2, 2007.

10.1010.13Fulton Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.1110.14Form of Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.1210.15Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.1310.16Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives First Covered After 2004 but Before 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.1410.17Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Fiserv Solutions, Inc. dated as of January 1, 2005.June 23, 2011. Portions of this exhibit have been omittedredacted and are subject to a confidential treatment request filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a request for confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 ofunder the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. See also1934, as amended. The redacted material was filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation CurrentQuarterly Report on Form 8-K10-Q dated June 24, 2005.August 8, 2011.
10.1510.18Letter agreement dated December 23, 2008 with the U.S. Department of the Treasury, including Securities Purchase Agreement – Standard Terms – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.1610.19Form of waiver required for senior executive officers in connection with sale of preferred stock under the Capital Purchase Program – between Senior Executive Officers and the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.1710.20Form of letter agreement with senior executive officers related to compensation, in conformity with the Capital Purchase Program – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.1810.21Form of executive letter agreement, related to the Capital Purchase Program compensation standards – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers or Most Highly Compensated Employees – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 24, 2009.

10.1910.22Fulton Financial Corporation Variable Compensation Plan Summary Description – filed herewith.Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 18, 2011.
10.23Fulton Financial Corporation Directors' Equity Participation Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Fulton Financial Corporation’s definitive proxy statement, dated March 24, 2011.
2110.24Form of Restricted Stock Agreement betwen Fulton Financial Corporation and Directors of the Corporation as of July 1, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 8, 2011.
21Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.332.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.


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99.1101Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.
99.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

101

Interactive data file containing the following financial statements formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 20102011 and December 31, 2009;2010; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of OperationsIncome for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008;2009; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008;2009; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 2009 and 2008;2009; and, (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.Statements. As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this interactive data file shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and shall not be deemed “filed” or part of any registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 under the Securities Act of 1933, or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.



114


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
FULTON FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Dated:February 29, 2012By:
/S/ R. SCOTT SMITH, JR.        
R. Scott Smith, Jr.,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been executed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SignatureCapacityDate
/S/ JEFFREY G. ALBERTSON, ESQ.

DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Jeffrey G. Albertson, Esq.
/S/ JOE N. BALLARD 

DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Joe N. Ballard
/S/ JOHN M. BOND, JR.  

DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
John M. Bond, Jr.
/S/ BETH ANN L. CHIVINSKI
Executive Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
February 29, 2012
Beth Ann L. Chivinski
/S/ CRAIG A. DALLY
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Craig A. Dally
/S/ PATRICK J. FREER
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Patrick J. Freer

115


SignatureCapacityDate
/S/ RUFUS A. FULTON, JR.        
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Rufus A. Fulton, Jr.
/S/ GEORGE W. HODGES
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
George W. Hodges
/S/ WILLEM KOOYKER
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Willem Kooyker
/S/ DONALD W. LESHER, JR.       
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Donald W. Lesher, Jr.
/S/ ALBERT MORRISON
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Albert Morrison, III
/S/ CHARLES J. NUGENT
Senior Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer (Principal
Financial Officer)
February 29, 2012
Charles J. Nugent
/S/ R. SCOTT SMITH, JR.
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
February 29, 2012
R. Scott Smith, Jr.
/S/ GARY A. STEWART
DirectorFebruary 29, 2012
Gary A. Stewart
/S/ E. PHILIP WENGER
President and Chief Operating OfficerFebruary 29, 2012
E. Philip Wenger

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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibits Required Pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K
3.1
 Articles of Incorporation, as amended and restated, of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Form 8-K dated June 24, 2011.
3.2
 Bylaws of Fulton Financial Corporation as amended – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 18, 2008.
4.1
 An Indenture entered into on March 28, 2005 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.35% subordinated notes due April 1, 2015 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2005.
4.2
 Purchase Agreement entered into between Fulton Financial Corporation, Fulton Capital Trust I, FFC Management, Inc. and Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. with respect to the Trust’s issuance and sale in a firm commitment public offering of $150 million aggregate liquidation amount of 6.29% Capital Securities – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 20, 2006.
4.3
 First Supplemental Indenture entered into on May 1, 2007 between Fulton Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as trustee, relating to the issuance by Fulton of $100 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% subordinated notes due May 1, 2017 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 1, 2007.
10.1
 Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and R. Scott Smith, Jr. dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.2
 Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Craig H. Hill dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.3
 Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Charles J. Nugent dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.4
 Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and James E. Shreiner dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.5
  Amended Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and E. Philip Wenger dated November 12, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 14, 2008.
10.610,600
Employment Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Craig A. Roda dated August 1, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 5, 2011.
10.710,700
Retention Bonus Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and R. Scott Smith dated September 28, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 2011.
10.810,800
Form of Death Benefit Only Agreement to Senior Management – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10K dated March 1, 2007.
10.910,900
Fulton Financial Corporation 2004 Stock Option and Compensation Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 1, 2010.
10.1010,100.00
Form of Stock Option Agreement and Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Officers of the Corporation as of July 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 20, 2008.
10.1110,110.00
Form of Amendment to Stock Option Agreement for John M. Bond – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2006.
10.12 Amended and Restated Fulton Financial Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Fulton Financial Corporation’s definitive proxy statement, dated April 2, 2007.

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10.13
10,120
Fulton Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.14
10,130
Form of Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan – For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.15
10,140
Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan – For Use with Executives with no Pre-2008 Accruals – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.16
10,150
Form of Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan - For Use with Executives First Covered After 2004 but Before 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 26, 2007.
10.17
10,160
Agreement between Fulton Financial Corporation and Fiserv Solutions, Inc. dated June 23, 2011. Portions of this exhibit have been redacted and are subject to a confidential treatment request filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The redacted material was filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 8, 2011.
10.18
10,170
Letter agreement dated December 23, 2008 with the U.S. Department of the Treasury, including Securities Purchase Agreement – Standard Terms – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.19
10,180
Form of waiver required for senior executive officers in connection with sale of preferred stock under the Capital Purchase Program – between Senior Executive Officers and the United States Department of the Treasury – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.20
Form of letter agreement with senior executive officers related to compensation, in conformity with the Capital Purchase Program – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2008.
10.21
Form of executive letter agreement, related to the Capital Purchase Program compensation standards – between Fulton Financial Corporation and Senior Executive Officers or Most Highly Compensated Employees – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 24, 2009.
10.22
Fulton Financial Corporation Variable Compensation Plan Summary Description – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 18, 2011.
10.23
Fulton Financial Corporation Directors' Equity Participation Plan – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Fulton Financial Corporation’s definitive proxy statement, March 24, 2011.
10.24
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement betwen Fulton Financial Corporation and Directors of the Corporation as of July 1, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Fulton Financial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 8, 2011.
21
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101
Interactive data file containing the following financial statements formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009; and, (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this interactive data file shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and shall not be deemed “filed” or part of any registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 under the Securities Act of 1933, or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.

118