UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORMFORM 10-K

 

 

 

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended May 31, 20162019

 

¨

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Transition Period From    To    .

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER0-17988

 

 

NEOGEN CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

MICHIGAN 38-2367843

(State orof other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation organization)Identification No.)

620 Lesher Place

Lansing, Michigan 48912

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

517-372-9200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: NONE

Title of each Class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

COMMON STOCK, $0.16 par value per share

(Title of Class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by a check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if disclosure of delinquent filersany, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to ItemRule 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part IIIS-T (§ 232.405 of this Form 10-K or any amendmentchapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to this Form 10-K.¨submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒     No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or anon-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

(Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  x

 Accelerated filer  ¨  Non-accelerated filer  ¨ Smaller reporting company  ¨

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Based on the closing sale price on November 30, 20152018 the aggregate market value of the voting stock held bynon-affiliates of the registrant was $2,211,000,000.$3,378,030,000. For these purposes, the registrant considers its Directors and executive officers to be its only affiliates.

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock was 37,574,89052,281,700 on June 30, 2016.2019.

 

 

 


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The Registrant’sCertain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be prepared pursuant to Regulation 14a and filed in connection with solicitation of proxies for its October 6, 20163, 2019 annual meeting of shareholders isare incorporated by reference into part III of this Form10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I   
ITEM 1. BUSINESS   4 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS   1314 
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS   1718 
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES   1719 
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS   1719 
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES   1720 
PART II   
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES   1820 
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA   2022 
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   2123 
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS   3135 
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARYSUPPLEMENTAL DATA   3135 
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE   3135 
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES   3135 
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION   3337 
PART III   
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE   3337 
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION   3439 
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS, MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS   3439 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE   3539 
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES   3539 
PART IV   
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES   3639
ITEM 16.FORM10-K SUMMARY39 
SIGNATURES   3841 
LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES   F-1 
Subsidiaries  
Consent of independent registered public accounting firm — BDO USA, LLP  
Section 302 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Executive Officer  
Section 302 Certification of ChiefPrincipal Financial Officer  
Section 1350 Certification pursuant to Section 906  

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made throughout this Annual Report on Form10-K, including statements relating to management’s expectations regarding new product introductions; the adequacy of the Company’sour sources for certain components, raw materials and finished products; and the Company’sour ability to utilize certain inventory. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause Neogen Corporation’s results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS and also under the caption Management’scaptions “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Critical” “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, and Future“Future Operating Results.

In addition, any forward-looking statements represent management’s views only as of the day this Annual Report on Form10-K was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. While management may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, it specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, even if its views change.

PART I.I

 

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

Neogen Corporation and subsidiaries (Neogen(collectively referred to as we, Neogen, or the Company) develop, manufacture and market a diverse line of products dedicated to food and animal safety. The Company’sOur Food Safety segment consists primarily of diagnostic test kits and complementary products (e.g., dehydrated culture media) sold to food producers and processors to detect dangerous and/or unintended substances in human food and animal feed, such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, ruminantby-products, meat speciation, drug residues, pesticide residues and general sanitation concerns. TheOur diagnostic test kits are generally less expensive, easier to use and provide greater accuracy and speed than conventional diagnostic methods. The majority of the teststest kits are disposable,single-use, immunoassay and DNA detection products that rely on the Company’sour proprietary antibodies and RNA and DNA testing methodologies to produce rapid and accurate test results. The Company’sOur expanding line of food safety products also includes bioluminescence-based diagnostic technology.

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment is engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and distribution of pharmaceuticals, rodenticides, disinfectants, vaccines, veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, diagnostic products, rodenticides, cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides and genomics testing services for the worldwide animal safety market, and genomic testing services.market. The majority of these consumable products are marketed through a network of nationalveterinarians, retailers, livestock producers and international distributors, as well as a number of large farm supply retail chains in the United States and Canada. The Company’sanimal health product distributors. Our USDA-licensed facility in Lansing, Michigan, produces immunostimulant products for horses and dogs, and a unique equine botulism vaccine. The Company’sOur line of drug detection products is sold worldwide for the detection of abused and therapeutic drugs in animals and animal products.products, and has expanded into the human forensic market.

Neogen’s products are marketed by Companyour sales personnel in Norththe U.S., Canada, Mexico, Central America, the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, Mexico, Brazil, China, India and India–Australia, and by distributors throughout the rest of the world.

Neogen’sOur mission is to be the leading company in the development and marketing of solutions for food and animal safety. To meet this vision,mission, a growth strategy consisting of the following elements has been developed: (i) increasing sales of existing products; (ii) introducing new products and product lines; (iii) expanding international sales; and (iv) acquiring businesses and forming strategic alliances. The Company hasWe have historically been historically successful at increasing product sales organically, including international growth, and maintainsmaintain an active acquisition program to identify and capitalize on opportunities to acquire new products and/or businesses.

Neogen Corporation was formed as a Michigan corporation in June 1981 and actual operations began in 1982. The Company’sOur principal executive offices are located at 620 Lesher Place, Lansing, Michigan 48912-1595 and itsour telephone number is(517) 372-9200.

Neogen’s Annual Report on Form10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form10-Q, Current Reports on Form8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge via our Internet website (www.neogen.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such information is filed with, or furnished to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The content of our website or the website of any third party that may be noted herein is not incorporated by reference in this form10-K.

PRODUCTS

Product trademarks and registered trademarks owned by Neogen include: CORPORATE:Neogen®, Neogen flask logo®;FOOD SAFETY:SAFETY: AccuClean®, AccuPoint®, AccuScan®, Acumedia®, Agri-Screen®, Alert®, ANSR®, BetaStar®, BioLumix®, CentrusColitag®, F.A.S.T.®, GeneQuence®, GENE-TRAK®, Harlequin™Harlequin®,ISO-GRID®, Lab M®, NeoCare™ListeriaRight Now, NeoColumn™MPNplate, NeoCare, NeoColumn, NeoFilm®, NeoSeek™, NEO-GRIDNeoNet®, NutritoneNeoSeek,NEO-GRID®, Penzyme®, PinnacleRaptor®, Reveal®, Revive®, Soleris®, µPREP™µPREP®, Veratox®, Simple. Accurate. Supported. Food Safety SolutionsSM;LIFE SCIENCES:SCIENCES: Alert®,K-Blue®,K-Blue Substrate®,K-Gold®, NeoSal®,;ANIMAL SAFETY: Acid-A-Foam™Acid-A-Foam, Aero-ssault™Aero-ssault,Ag-Tek®, AluShield™AluShield, AquaPrime®, Assault®, Barnstorm™Barnstorm®, BioCres™BioCres 50, BioPhene, BioPhene™, BioQuat™BioQuat, BotVax®, BreederSleeve®, Bromethalin One Meal Is All It Takes (design)Breeder-Sleeve®, Calf Eze™Eze, Chem-Tech, Ltd., Chem-Tech’s CT logo (with circle),Chlor-A-Foam, Chlor-A-Foam™, Companion™COMPANION, Cowboy Syringe®,CT-511®, Cykill™Cykill, D3™,D3 Needles, DC&R®, DeciMax®,Di-Kill®, Dr. Frank’s®,Dy-Fly®, Dyne-O-Might™Dyne-O-Might®, Earth City Resources (design)®, ElectroJac®, ELISA Technologies (design)®, EqStim®, EquiSleeve®,E-Z Bond™ Bond,E-Z Catch®, Farmphene™Farm-Foam, Final-Fly-TFarmphene®,Final-Fly-T®,Fly-Die Defense™ Defense,Fly-Die Ultra, Fura-Zone®, GenQuat™, Gold NuggetGenQuat®, Horse Sense®, Ideal®, ImmunoRegulin®, Insectrin®, Insight™Insight, Iodis™Iodis®, Jolt®,LD-44®, LD-44T™LD-44T, Maxi Sleeve®, MaxKlor™, MegaShot™, MycAseptic™, NeedleGard™, NFZ™, Nu-Dyne™, One Bad CatMaxKlor®, PanaKare™MegaShot, Pantek™MycAseptic, ParlorMint™NeedleGard, Neogen® Viroxide Super, Neogen® Viroxide Super (design), NFZ, Nu Dyne®, PanaKare, Pantek , ParlorMint, Parvosol®, Peraside, Place Pack®, PolyPetite™PolyPetite, PolyShield™PolyShield, Poly-SleevePolySleeve®, PoridonPreserve®, Preserve™Preserve International®, Preserve International(design)®, Prima®, Prima BMVMarc®, Prima Marc™Prima-Shot, Prima Tech®, Prima Tech logo®,Pro-Fix®,Pro-Flex®, Pro-FlexPromar®, Pro-Shot™Pro-Shot,PRO-TECT 6 MIL®,PRO-TECT 6 MIL logo®, Prozap®, Prozap (stylized mark w/fancy Z), PY-75™PY-75, Ramik®, Rat &Mouse-A-Rest II®, RenaKare™RenaKare, Rodent Elimination Station™Station, Rodex™Rodex,Rot-Not,Safe-T-Flex, Rot-Not™Siloxycide®, Safe-T-Flex™Spectrasol, Siloxycide™, Spectrasol™, Spec-Tuss™Spec-Tuss, Squire®, Starlicide®,Stress-Dex®, SureBond®, SureKill®, Synergize™Swine-O-Dyne® , Synergize®, SyrVet®, SyrVet logoTetrabase®, Tetrabase™, Tetracid™, Tetradyne™, ThyroKare™, TopHoof™, Tri-HistTetracid®, Tri-Seal™Tetradyne®, ThyroKare, TopHoof,Tri-Hist®,Tri-Seal, Tryad®, Turbocide®, Turbocide Gold®, Udder Shield®, Uniprim®, UriKare™UriKare, VAP-5™VAP-5, VAP-20™VAP-20, Vet-Tie™Vet-Tie, Vita-15™Vita-15, War Paint®, We keep ‘em movin’X-185®, X-185™, Zipcide®,;AGRIGENOMICS:GENOMICSDeoxi™: Deoxi, GeneSeek®, Genomic Profiler™Profiler, Genomic Solutions for Food Security®, Igenity®, SeekGain™SeekGain, SeekSire™SeekSire, SeekTrace™SeekTrace,Tru-Polled®;LOGOTYPES:BioSentry barn logo®, BioSentry chicken logo®, BioSentry pig logo®, Circular design®, TurboCide® (stylized).

Neogen operates in two primary business areas: the Food Safety segment, which develops and markets products for the detection of pathogens, natural toxins, allergens and other unwanted substances in food and feed products; and the Animal Safety segment, which develops and markets products and services dedicated to animal health.segments. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this Form10-K for financial information about the Company’sour business segments and international operations.

FOOD SAFETY SEGMENT

Neogen’s Food Safety segment is primarily engaged in the production and marketing of diagnostic test kits and complementary products marketed to food and feed producers and processors to detect dangerous and/or unintended substances in food and animal feed, such as foodborne pathogens, spoilage organisms, natural toxins, food allergens, genetic modifications, ruminantby-products,meat speciation, drug residues, pesticide residues and general sanitation concerns.

Neogen’sOur test kits are used to detect potential hazards in food and animal feed by testers ranging from small local grain elevators to the largest, best-known food and feed processors in the world, and numerous regulatory agencies. Neogen’s products include tests for:

Mycotoxins. Grain producers and processors of all types and sizes use the Company’sour Veratox, Agri-Screen, Reveal, Reveal Q+ and Reveal Q+ MAX tests forto detect the presence of mycotoxins, including aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, ochratoxin, zearalenone andT-2/HT-2 toxin, to help ensure product safety and quality.quality in food and animal feed.

Food allergens. The world’s largest producers of cookies, crackers, candy, ice cream and many other processed foods use the Company’sour Veratox, Alert, Reveal, Reveal3-D and BioKits testing products for food allergens to help protect their food-allergic customers from the inadvertent contamination of products with food allergens, such as peanut, milk, egg, almond, gliadin (gluten), soy, hazelnut and hazelnutcoconut residues.

Dairy antibiotics. DairiesDairy processors are the primary users of Neogen’s BetaStar S, BetaStar Combo,Advanced and BetaStar 4D and Penzyme diagnostic tests to detect the presence of beta-lactam and tetracyclineveterinary antibiotics in milk. The presence of these drugs in milk is a public health hazard and an economic risk to processorsproducers as it limits the milk’s further processing.

Foodborne pathogens. Meat and poultry processors, seafood processors, fruit and vegetable producers and many other market segments are the primary users of Neogen’s ANSR and Reveal tests for foodborne bacteria, includingE. coli O157:H7,Salmonella,Listeriaand Campylobacter. Neogen’s ANSR pathogen detection system is an isothermal amplification reaction test method which exponentially amplifies the DNA of any bacteria present in food and environmental samples to detectable levels in 10 minutes. Combined with ANSR’s single enrichment step, Neogen’s pathogen detection method providesDNA-definitive results in a fraction of the time of other molecular detection methods. OurListeria Right Now test detects the pathogen in less than 60 minutes without sample enrichment. Reveal’s lateral flow device combines an immunoassay with chromatography for a rapid and accurateone-step result.

Spoilage microorganisms. Neogen’s Soleris and BioLumix products are used by food processors to identify the presence of spoilage organisms (e.g., yeast and mold) and other microbiological contamination.contamination in food. The systems measure microbial growth by monitoring biochemical reactions that generate a color change in the media as microorganisms grow. The sensitivity of the system allows detection in a fraction of the time needed for traditional methods, with less labor and handling time. Our NeoSeek genomics services utilize a novel application of 16s metagenomics to determine all bacteria in a sample, without introducing biases from culture media, and without the need to generate a bacterial isolate for each possible microbe in a sample.

Sanitation monitoring. Neogen manufactures and markets itsour AccuPoint Advanced rapid sanitation test forto detect the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a chemical found in all living cells. Thiseasy-to-use and inexpensive test uses bioluminescence to quickly determine if a food contact surface has been completely sanitized. When ATP comes into contact with the reagents contained in the test device, a reaction takes place that produces light. More light is indicative of higher levels of ATP and a need for more thorough sanitation. The Company’sOur worldwide customer base for its ATP sanitation testing products includes food and beverage processors, the food service and healthcare industries, as well as many other users.

Dehydrated cultureCulture media.Neogen Culture Media, formerly Neogen’s Acumedia and Lab M subsidiaries offer dehydratedproducts, offers culture media for varied purposes, including traditional bacterial testing and growingthe growth of beneficial bacteria, such as cultures for sausages and beer. The Company’sOur customers for dehydrated culture media also include commercial and research laboratories and producers of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and veterinary vaccines.

Seafood contaminants. Neogen’s specialty products for the seafood market include tests for histamine, a highly allergenic substance that occurs when certain species of fish begin to decay; chloramphenicol, a banned antibiotic in most of the world, but still used by some shrimp farmers to improve the yield of their products; sulfite, an effective but potentially allergenic shrimp preservative; and shellfish toxins.

Waterborne microorganisms. Neogen offers the food and beverage industries, including water companies, several platforms for performing the microbial analysis of water. This includes Neogen’s filter tests, which are a combination of Neogen Filter membrane filtration and Neogen Culture Media ampouled media, andeasy-to-use Colitag product. With Colitag, after an incubation, the sample changes color in the presence of coliforms and fluoresces in the presence ofE. coli.

The majority of Neogen’s food safety test kits use immunoassay technology to rapidly detect target substances. The Company’sOur ability to produce high quality antibodies sets itsour products apart from immunoassay test kits produced and sold by other companies. The Company’sOur kits are available in microwell formats, which allow for automated and rapid processing of a large number of samples, and lateral flow and other similar devices that provide distinct visual results.

Typically, test kits use antibody-coated test devices and chemical reagents to indicate a positive or negative result for the presence of a target substance in a test sample; the simplicity of the tests makes them accessible to all levels of food producers, processors and handlers. Neogen also offers other test methods and products to complement its immunoassay tests.

The Company’sOur test kits are generally based on internally developed technology, licensed technology, or technology that is acquired in connection with acquisitions. In fiscal 2016,2019, the Food Safety segment incurred royalty expense totaling $1,329,000$2,210,000 for licenses and royalties for technology used in the Company’sour products, including expense of $737,000$968,000 for allergen products, $134,000$380,000 for the pathogen product line and $122,000$313,000 for licenses related to the dairy antibiotics product line. Generally, the Company’s royalty rates are in the range of 2% to 10% of revenues on products containing the licensed technology. Some licenses involve technology that is exclusive to Neogen’s use, while others are nonexclusivenon-exclusive and involve technology licensed to multiple licensees.

Neogen’s international operations in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Brazil, China and India originally focused on food safety products, and each of these units reports through the Food Safety segment. In recent years, these operations have expanded to offer our complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Animal Safety segment such as cleaners, disinfectants, rodenticides, insecticides, veterinary instruments and genomics services. These additional products and services are managed and directed by existing management at our international operations, and report through the Food Safety segment.

Revenues from Neogen’s Food Safety segment accounted for 45.4%51.5%, 46.5%48.9% and 47.0%47.5% of the Company’sour total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

ANIMAL SAFETY SEGMENT

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, manufacture, marketing and marketingdistribution of veterinary instruments, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, topicals, diagnostic products, a full suite of agricultural biosecurity products such as rodenticides, cleaners, disinfectants and insecticides, cleaners and disinfectants, genomic services and diagnostic products.genomics services.

Veterinary instruments. Neogen markets a broad line of veterinary instruments and animal health delivery systems under the Ideal brand name. Approximately 250 different products are offered, many of which are used to deliver animal health products, such as antibiotics and vaccines. Ideal’s D3 Needles are stronger than conventional veterinary needles and are uniquely detectable by commonmetal detectors at meat processing facility metal detectorsfacilities — a bigpotential market advantage in the safety-conscious beef and swine industries. Neogen’s Prima Tech product line is designed aroundconsists of highly accurate devices used by farmers, ranchers and veterinarians to inject animals, provide topical applications and to use for oral administration. Prima Tech is also a supplier of products used in artificial insemination in the swine industry. Other products include animal identification and handling equipment.

Veterinary pharmaceuticals. Animal Safety’s NeogenVet product line provides innovative, value-added, high quality products to the veterinary market. Top NeogenVet products include PanaKare, a digestive aid that serves as a replacement therapy where digestion of protein, carbohydrate and fat is inadequate due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; Natural VitaminE-AD, which aids in the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies in swine, cattle and sheep; and RenaKare, a supplement for potassium deficiency in cats and dogs. Other products sold under the NeogenVet brand includeVita-15 and Liver 7, which are used in the treatment and prevention of nutritional deficiencies. The CompanyWe also manufacturesmanufacture and market Uniprim, a leading veterinary antibiotic.

Veterinary biologics. Neogen’s BotVax B vaccine has successfully protected thousands of high-value horses and foals against Type B botulism, commonly known as Shaker Foal Syndrome. The Company’sOur product is the only USDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Type B botulism in horses. Years of research and many thousands of doses have proven Neogen’s EqStim immunostimulant to be safe and effective as a veterinarian-administered adjunct to conventional treatment of equine bacterial and viral respiratory infections. The Company’sOur ImmunoRegulin product uses similar immunostimulant technology to aid in the treatment of pyoderma (a bacterial skin inflammation) in dogs.

Veterinary OTC products. Animal Safety products offered by Neogen to the retailover-the-counter (OTC) market include Ideal brand veterinary instruments packaged for the retail market. OTC products also includeStress-Dex, an oral electrolyte replacer for performance horses, and Fura-Zone, for the prevention and treatment of surface bacterial infections in wounds, burns and cutaneous ulcers. Ag-Tek and other hoofHoof care, disposables and artificial insemination supplies are marketed to the dairy and veterinary industries.

Rodenticides. Neogen’s comprehensive line of proven rodenticides, sold under brand names such as Ramik and Havoc, effectively address rodent problems of any size and serve as a critical component of an overall biosecurity plan for major agriculturalanimal protein production operations. Neogen offers several rodenticide active ingredients including diphacinone, bromethalin, brodifacoum, and zinc phosphide formulated with food grade ingredients to generate the highest acceptance and most palatable bait possible.

Cleaners and disinfectants. Used in animal and food production facilities, Neogen’s cleaners and disinfectants, including DC&R, 904 Disinfectant,Acid-A-Foam, Preserve, Tetradyne Synergize, BioPhene, Viroxide Super and FarmFluid S, can stop a disease outbreak before it starts. The products are also are used in the veterinary clinic market to maintain sanitary conditions and limit the potential hazards of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Neogen’s water line cleaner and disinfectant products, including Peraside, MaxKlor, AquaPrime and Siloxycide, clean water lines, and provide continuous disinfection of a livestock facility’s water supply.

Insecticides. Neogen’s highly effective Chem-Tech insecticides utilize environmentally friendly technical formulas, and several are approved for use in food establishments. The company’sCompany’s Prozap insecticide brand is well known in the large animal production industry, particularly with dairy and equine producers.

Animal genomics services. Neogen’s animal genomics businesses,Neogen Genomics, formerly known as GeneSeek and Igenity, provideprovides value-added services to leading agricultural genetics providers, large national cattle associations, companion animal breed registries, university researchers, and numerous commercial beef and dairy cattle, swine and poultry producers. With both state-of-the-art genetics genomics laboratories and the comprehensive bioinformatics to interpret geneticgenomics test results, Neogen offers identity and trait determination and analysis. GeneSeek’sOur technology employs high-resolution DNA genotyping for identity and trait analysis in a variety of important animal and agricultural plant species. Igenity’sOur extensive bioinformatics systemdatabase identifies and predicts an animal’s positive or negative traits based on DNA test results. This information has helped livestock producers make significant improvements in geneticsthe genomic makeup and improve overall quality of their animals.

Life sciences. Neogen’s line of approximately 100 drug detection immunoassay test kits is sold worldwide for the detection of approximately 300 abused and therapeutic drugs in farm animals and racing animals, and for detection of drug residues in meat and meat products. The test kits are also used for human forensic toxicology drug screening applications. This line includes tests for narcotics, analgesics, stimulants, depressants, tranquilizers, anesthetics, steroids and diuretics. Neogen also has several products used by researchers for the detection of biologically active substances.

Many of the products and services in the Animal Safety segment use licensed technology. In fiscal year 2019, Animal Safety incurred royalty expense totaling $640,000$585,000 for licenses and royalties in fiscal 2016 for technology used in the segment’sour products and services, including expense of $304,000$313,000 for licenses related to the genomics services line.

Revenues from Neogen’s Animal Safety segment accounted for 54.6%48.5%, 53.5%51.1% and 53.0%52.5% of the Company’sour total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

GENERAL SALES AND MARKETING

Neogen is organized under two segments — Food Safety and Animal Safety. Within these segments, the Company’sour sales efforts are generally organized by specific markets, rather than by products or geography. During the fiscal year that ended May 31, 2016, the Company2019, we had approximately 22,00027,000 customers for itsour products. Since many customers for animal safety products are distributors, and certain animal safety products are offered to the general retail market, the total number of end users of the Company’sour products is considerably greater than 22,000.27,000. As of May 31, 2016,2019, a total of 348423 employees were assigned to sales and marketing functions, within the Company, compared to 305401 at the end of May 2015.2018. During the fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, no single customer or distributor accounted for 10% or more of the Company’sour revenues.

DOMESTIC SALES AND MARKETING

FOOD SAFETY

To reach each customer and prospect with expertise and experience, Neogen has a staff of specialized food safety sales and technical service representatives assigned to specific markets. This staff sells Companyour products directly to end users, and also handles technical support issues that arise with customers in the United States and Canada.

Neogen’s food safety markets are primarily comprised of: milling

Milling and grain, including grain elevators, feed mills, pet food manufacturers, and grain inspection companies; meat

Meat and poultry, including meat and poultry processors, producers ofready-to-eat meat and poultry products;products, and the USDA’s Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS); grocery

Grocery products, including flour millers, malters, bakeries, candy and confection manufacturers, manufacturers of prepared meals, nuts, spices, cookies, crackers and other snack foods; fruits

Fruits and vegetables, including growers and processors of juice and packaged fresh cut grocery items; seafood,

Seafood, including harvesters and processors of a wide variety of seafood products; dairy and beverage,

Dairy, including milk processors and yogurt processors;

Beverage, including soft drink bottlers; healthcare,bottlers and beer and wine producers;

Healthcare, including hospitals and distributors to the healthcare industry; traditional

Traditional culture media markets, including commercial and research laboratories and producers of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and veterinary vaccines; food

Food service and retail,, including fast food service establishments and retail grocery market chains,chains; and nutraceuticals,

Nutraceuticals, including producers and marketers of a wide variety of nutritional and holistic consumer products.

ANIMAL SAFETY

Neogen markets a broad rangeNeogen’s staff of pharmaceuticals, vitamin injectables, wound carespecialized animal safety sales, marketing, customer and technical service representatives sell our products topicals, instruments, genomicsand services directly to consumers, dealers, veterinarians, distributors and biologicals to the veterinary market. The product range is focused on the food (e.g., cattle, swineother manufacturers and poultry) and companion (e.g., horses, dogs and cats) animal markets. Neogen’s sales group works directly with veterinarians, clinics and universities and markets through established ethical distributors by supporting the efforts of over 1,000also handle domestic distributor sales representatives calling on 35,000 plus veterinarians.technical support issues. Neogen further supports its veterinary distribution channelchannels through product training, field support, promotions and technical service.

The Company believes the OTC animal health market offers growth opportunities for Neogen and its products. Neogen offers a broad range of products including well-recognized brands of rodenticides, disinfectants, insecticides, instruments and horse care products. To reach the OTC market, Neogen’s sales team works with a large network of animal health distributors including marketing groups, traditional two-step distributors, catalogers and large retail chains. Support includes product training, field support, planogram solutions,various promotions and advertising.

Neogen’s animal safety markets are primarily comprised of:

AsCompanion animal veterinarians.Neogen has a dedicated sales group that sells and technically supports the Company’s animal care, biosecurity and disposable products to the companion animal veterinary market.

Livestock producers, veterinarians and associations. Neogen has a dedicated group of sales professionals that sells the Company’s comprehensive suite of biosecurity and husbandry products and genomics services directly to livestock producers, and livestock veterinarians and veterinary clinics.

Distributors.To expand the reach of its animal safety OTC and veterinary products, Neogen has a dedicated sales team that sells the Company’s products to animal health product distributors.

Retailers.Neogen offers select animal care and biosecurity products directly to large farm and ranch retailers for sale directly to consumers.

Diagnostic labs and universities.Neogen has a dedicated lab, manufacturing, sales and technical service group that call on large commercial laboratory, GeneSeek providesand forensic testing laboratories and universities.

Other manufacturers and government agencies.Neogen has an experienced group of professionals who work directly with other manufacturers and government agencies to provide custom solution products and services direct to large-herd beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and sheep producers, universities and other research organizations, and various livestock and canine breed associations.for their needs.

INTERNATIONAL SALES AND MARKETING

Neogen maintains eight10 Company-owned locations outside of the United States to provide a direct presence in regions of particular importance to the Company,us, and maintains an extensive network of distributors to reach countries where the Company doeswe do not have a direct presence.

Neogen Europe. Neogen Europe, Ltd., located in Ayr, Scotland, provides the Company access to the European Union (E.U.), and sells products and services to itsour network of customers and distributors throughout the E.U.European Union (E.U.). Customers in the United Kingdom (U.K.), France, Germany and the Netherlands are served by Companyour employees. In other European regions, customers are generally serviced by distributors managed by Neogen Europe personnel. Neogen Europe’s research and development team continues to be a strong asset in the development of products tailored to meet the unique requirements of the European market.

Neogen Europe management is also responsible for sales and marketing for our England-based Lab M Holdings. In August 2015, Neogen acquired the stock ofand Quat-Chem businesses. Lab M, Holdings (Lab M), a developer, manufacturer and supplier of microbiological culture media and diagnostic systems located in Heywood, England. Lab M’sEngland, has an extensive range of microbiological culture media, supplements, immunomagnetic separation techniques and proficiency testing systems are used in laboratories around the world. In December 2016, Neogen acquired Quat-Chem Ltd., a Rochdale, England-based chemical company specializing in the development, manufacture and sale of agricultural, industrial, and food processing biocidal hygiene products, including cleaners and disinfectants. Quat-Chem sells its products on a global basis, with a focus on the U.K., E.U., Middle East and Asia.

Neogen LatinoaméLatinoamérica. The Company’sOur subsidiary in Mexico, Neogen Latinoamérica, is headquartered innear Mexico City and distributes Neogen’s products throughout Mexico and Central America. Neogen Latinoamérica manages the Company’sour business activities throughout the region by marketing to animal and crop producers and food processors.processors, utilizing our direct sales representatives to sell Food Safety products and genomics services, while marketing cleaners, disinfectants and other Animal Safety products primarily through distributors.

Neogen do Brasil and Deoxi.Brasil.Neogen do Brasil, (translated as Neogen of Brazil), headquartered near São Paulo, distributes Neogen’s products throughout Brazil. Brazil is one of the world leaders in the export of numerous food commodities, including beef, poultry, soybeans, coffee, sugar and orange juice, and this operation gives the Companyus direct sales representation to these important markets. Neogen do Brasil management is also responsible for sales and marketing for ourBrazil-based Deoxi and Rogama businesses. Neogen owns Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda, a genomics testing laboratory, located in Aracatuba, Brazil, which itwe purchased in April 2016. In December 2016, we acquiredBrazil-based Rogama Indústria e Comércio Ltda., a company which develops, manufactures and markets rodenticides and insecticides. Rogama offers more than 70 registered pest control products to Brazil’s agronomic, professional and retail markets. Both businesses are operated out of the same location in Pindamonhangaba,Brazil.

Neogen China. Noegen’sOur Chinese subsidiary, with locationslocated in Shanghai, and Beijing, employs sales representatives who sell directly to Chinese customers. China’s burgeoning middle class, with its rapidly growing demand for higher quality meat and dairy products, makes the country a substantial growth opportunity for Neogen products and services — both for animal production on the country’s farms, and in processing plants throughout China’s food processingproduction and distribution industry.channels. We utilize both direct sales representatives and distributors to sell our complete portfolio in this growing market.

Neogen India. In June 2015, Neogen acquired the assets of Sterling Test House, a leading commercial food testing laboratory based in southwest India, to serve as a base for the Company’s newour operations in India. Sterling Test House was incorporated in 1990, and itsThis business, has grown to include most of therenamed Neogen India, includes food safety and water quality testing for major hotels and restaurants in its home region, as well as safety and quality analysis for the country’s expanding nutraceutical market, and growing food export businesses. The laboratory is located in CochinKochi, in the state of Kerala, which is India’s leading region for the export of spices, tea, and fresh fruits and vegetables. In late fiscal 2016, Neogen transferred sales responsibility for itsour Food Safety products directly to sales representatives at Neogen India.

Neogen Canada.Australasia. In September 2015,2017, Neogen openedacquired the assets of The University of Queensland Animal Genetics Laboratory (AGL) — the leading animal genomics laboratory in Australia, a Canadian locationcountry with large cattle and sheep markets. The acquisition of AGL was intended to help accelerate the growth of our animal genomics business in Guelph, Ontario. Currently, this officeAustralia and New Zealand. With the acquisition, AGL was renamed Neogen Australasia.

Neogen Canada. In January 2019, Neogen acquired the assets of the Edmonton-based Delta Genomics Centre — a major animal genomics laboratory in Canada. With the acquisition, Delta’s laboratory operations were renamed Neogen Canada, and became Neogen’s sixth animal genomics laboratory — joining locations in the U.S., Scotland, Brazil, China and Australia. The acquisition is used forintended to help accelerate the growth of Neogen’s animal genomics sales and sample reception.business throughout Canada.

Dairy antibiotics distributor. Neogen’s dairy antibiotics diagnostic products are distributed outside ofmarketed directly to customers in North America, Brazil and China, and distributed elsewhere worldwide by Denmark based Chr. Hansen, an international supplier of natural ingredient solutions for the food, health and nutritional industries.

Other distributor partners. Outside of the Companyour physical locations and dairy antibiotics distributor mentioned above, Neogen uses itsour own sales managers in both the Food Safety and Animal Safety segments to work closely with and coordinate the efforts of a network of approximately 140150 distributors in more than 100 countries. The distributors provide local training and technical support, perform market research and promote Company products within designated countries around the world.

Animal Safety products distribution. Animal Safety has a strong presence in several key international markets with rodenticides, disinfectants, instruments, diagnostics and veterinary products. Utilizing Company personnel in Brazil, Mexico and China, as well as in-country distributors and U.S.-based exporters, these markets include Canada, Mexico and Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Australia, Europe and Asia.

Sales to customers outside the United States accounted for 33.5%40.1%, 36.7%37.6% and 38.8%35.7% of the Company’sour total revenues for fiscal years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. No individual foreign country contributed 10% or more of our revenues for those same periods.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Management maintains a strong commitment to Neogen’s research and development activities. The Company’sOur product development efforts are focused on the enhancement of existing product linesproducts and in the development of new products that fit itsour business strategy. As of May 31, 2016, the Company2019, we employed 85101 individuals in itsour worldwide research and development group, including immunologists, chemists and microbiologists. Research and development costs were approximately $9.9$12.8 million, $9.6$10.9 million and $8.3$10.4 million representing 3.1%, 3.4%2.7% and 3.4%2.9% of total revenues in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. Management currently expects the Company’sour future research and development expenditures to approximate 3% to 4% of total revenues.revenues annually.

Neogen has ongoing development projects for several new and improved diagnostic tests and other complementary products for both the food safetyFood Safety and animal safetyAnimal Safety markets. Management expects that a number of these products will be commercially available at various times during fiscal years 2017 to 2019.2020 and 2021.

Portions of certain technologies utilized in some products manufactured and marketed by Neogen were acquired from or developed in collaboration with affiliated partnerships, independent scientists, governmental units, universities and other third parties. The Company hasWe have entered into agreements with these parties that provide for the payment of license fees and royalties based upon sales of products that utilize the pertinent technology. License fees and royalties, expensed to sales and marketing, under these agreements amounted to $1,969,000, $2,189,000$2,795,000, $2,876,000 and $2,278,000$2,659,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

PROPRIETARY PROTECTION AND APPROVALS

Neogen uses trade secrets as proprietary protection in many of its food and animal safety products. In many cases, the Company haswe have developed unique antibodies capable of detecting microorganisms and residues at minute levels. The supply of these antibodies, and the proprietary techniques utilized for their development, may offer better protection than the filing of patents. Such proprietary reagents are maintained in secure facilities and stored in more than one location to reduce exposure to complete destruction by natural disaster or other means.

Patent and trademark applications are submitted whenever appropriate. Since its inception, Neogen has acquired and received numerous patents and trademarks, and has several pending patents and trademarks. The patents expire at various times over the next 23 years.

A summary of patents by product categories follows:

 

  USA   International   Expiration   USA   International   Expiration 

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues

   4     35     2018-2038  

Natural Toxins, Allergens, & Drug Residues

   23    27    2021-2026 

Bacterial & General Sanitation

   18     37     2017-2028     3    0    2021 

Life Science

   0     7     2024  

Life Sciences

   0    4    2024 

Vaccine

   2     0     2018-2028     1    0    2028 

Veterinary Instruments & Other

   11     35     2017-2039     15    50    2019-2042 

Genomics

   6     2     2021-2028  

Genomics Services

   18    4    2021-2029 

The Company doesWe do not expect the near-term expiration of any single patent to have a significant effect on future results of operations.

Management believes that Neogen has adequate protection as toregarding proprietary rights for itsour products. However, it iswe are aware that substantial research has taken place at universities, governmental agencies and other companies throughout the world and that numerous patents have been applied for and issued for technologies which may be used in the Company’sour products. To the extent some of the Company’sour products may now, or in the future, embody technologies protected by patents, copyrights or trade secrets of others, licenses to use such technologies may need to be obtained in order to continue to sell the products. These licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Failure to obtain any such licenses may delay or prevent the sale of certain new or existing products. In addition, patent litigation is not uncommon. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company’sour existing patents will be sufficient to completely protect itsour proprietary rights.

One of the major areas affecting the success of biotechnology development involves the time, cost and uncertainty surrounding regulatory approvals. Neogen products requiring regulatory approval, which the Companywe currently hashave in place, include BotVax B, EqStim, ImmunoRegulin, Uniprim and BetaStar. The Company’sOur general strategy is to select technical and proprietary products that do not require mandatory approval by regulatory bodies to be marketed. Neogen’s rodenticide, disinfectant and insecticide products are subject to registration in the United States and internationally.

Neogen utilizes third-party validations on many of itsour disposable test kits as a marketing tool to provide itsour customers with the proper assurances.assurances that our products perform to specified levels. These include validation by the AOAC International, independently administered third-party, multi-laboratory collaborative studies and approvals by the U.S. Federal Grain Inspection Service and the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service for the use of Companyour products in their operations.

PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY

Neogen manufactures itsour products in Michigan, Kentucky, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Iowa, Tennessee, California, and the United Kingdom and Brazil and provides genomics services in Nebraska, Scotland, Brazil, Australia, China and Brazil.Canada. As of May 31, 2016,2019, there were approximately 577893 full-time employees assigned to manufacturing and providing of services in these locations, operating on one or two shifts; with occasional 24/7 production during high demand periods; futureperiods. Future demand increases could be accommodated by adding shifts. Management believes itwe could increase the current output of itsour primary product lines by more than 50% using the current space available; however, to do so couldwould require investment in additional capital equipment.

Food safety diagnostics. Manufacturing of diagnostic tests for the detection of natural toxins, pathogens, food allergens, dairy antibiotics, spoilage organisms and pesticides, final kit assembly, quality assurance and shipping takes place in the Company’sat our facilities in Lansing, Michigan. Proprietary monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for Neogen’s diagnostic kits are produced on a regular schedule in the Company’sour immunology laboratories in Lansing. Generally, final assembly and shipment of diagnostic test kits to customers in Europe is performed in the Company’sour Ayr, Scotland facility. Assembly and shipmentMost of electronic readers and disposable single-use samplers takes place in the Company’s facilities in Lansing. Soleris instrumentfood

safety diagnostic instruments and readers are produced by third partythird-party vendors to our specifications, quality tested in Lansing, and then shipped to customers. Dehydrated cultureCulture media products are manufactured in aFDA-registered facility in Lansing and and also at Lab M in Heywood, England. Products are blended following strict formulations or custom blended to customer specification and shipped directly to customers from Lansing and Heywood.

Animal health products. Manufacturing of animal health products, pharmacological diagnostic test kits and test kits for drug residues takes place in the Company’s ourFDA-registered facilities in Lexington, Kentucky. In general, manufacturing operations including reagent manufacturing, quality assurance, final kit assembly and packaging are performed by Neogen personnel. Certain animal health products and veterinary instruments that are purchased finished or that are toll manufactured by third party vendors are warehoused and shipped from the Company’sour Lexington facilities. Other veterinary instruments are produced in the Company’sour facilities in Lansing, and are generally then shipped to Lexington, for distribution to customers. Manufacturing and shipment of devices used for animal injections, topical applications and oral administration takes place in a Company-owned facilityoccurs in Kenansville, North Carolina.

Veterinary biologics. Neogen maintains a Lansing-based USDA-approved manufacturing facility devoted to the production of the biologic products EqStim and ImmunoRegulin.P. acnesP.acnes seed cultures are added to media and then subjected to several stages of further processing resulting in a finished product that is filled and packaged within the facility. The Company’sOur BotVax B vaccine is also produced in the Lansing facility utilizing Type B botulism seed cultures and a traditional fermentation process. All completed biologic products are then shipped to Neogen’s Lexington facilities for inventory andwhere they are inventoried prior to distribution to customers.

Agricultural genomicgenomics services. Neogen offers agricultural genomics laboratory services and bioinformatics at itsour locations in Nebraska, Scotland, Brazil, Australia, China and Brazil.Canada. Through itsour laboratory services and bioinformatics (primarily in beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, horses and dogs), GeneSeek empowers itsNeogen Genomics allows our customers to speed genetic improvement efforts, as well as identify economically important diseases. The Company renovated a building during fiscal 2014 to meet its current and near-term future domestic needs, and added to its processing capabilities in Scotland in fiscal 2016, while also purchasing a genomics business in Brazil to enhance its presence there.

Cleaners, disinfectants and rodenticides. Manufacturing of rodenticides and certainand/or cleaners and disinfectants takes place in the following locations: Randolph, Wisconsin; Memphis, Tennessee; Turlock, California; Rochdale, England; and Turlock, California.Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. Manufacturing of rodenticides consists of blending technical material (active ingredient) with bait consisting principally of various grains. Certain cleaners and disinfectants are manufactured in Neogen facilities, while others are purchased from other manufacturers for resale, or toll manufactured by third parties.

Pesticides.Insecticides. Chem-Tech Ltd.Neogen manufactures insecticides and other pesticides at its facilityfacilities in Pleasantville, Iowa.Iowa and Pindamonhangaba, Brazil.

Neogen purchases component parts and raw materials from more than 8001,000 suppliers. Though many of these suppliesitems are purchased from a single source in order to achieve the greatest volume discounts, the Company believes it haswe believe we have identified acceptable alternative suppliers for most of itsour key components and raw materials where it is economically feasible to do so. There can be no assurance that the Companywe would avoid a disruption of supply in the event a supplier discontinues shipment of product. Shipments of products are generally accomplished within a48-hour turnaround time. As a resultBecause of this quick response time, Neogen’sour backlog of unshipped orders at any given time has historically not been significant.

COMPETITION

Although competitors vary in individual markets, management knows of no competitor that is pursuing Neogen’s fundamental strategy of developing and marketing a broad line of products, ranging from disposable tests and dehydrated culture media to veterinary pharmaceuticals and instruments for a large number of food safety and animal safety concerns. For each of itsour individual products the Company facesor product lines, we face intense competition from companies ranging from small businesses to divisions of large multinational companies. Some of these organizations have substantially greater financial resources than the Company. Neogen competesNeogen. We compete primarily on the basis of ease of use, speed, accuracy and other similar performance characteristics of itsour products. The breadth of the Company’sour product line, the effectiveness of itsour sales and customer service organizations, and pricing are also components in management’s competitive plan.strategy.

Future competition may become even more intense, includingand could result from the development of changingnew technologies, which could affect the marketability and profitability of Neogen’s products. The Company’sOur competitive position will also depend on management’s ability to continue to develop proprietary products, attract and retain qualified scientific and other personnel, develop and implement production and marketing plans and obtain patent protection.protection for new products. Additionally, the Companywe must have adequate capital resources to execute itsour strategy.

FOOD SAFETY:

With a large professional sales organization offering a comprehensive catalog of food safety solutions, management believes the Company maintainswe maintain a general competitive advantage over competitors offering only limited product lines. In most cases, Neogen sales and technical service personnel can offer unique insight into a customer’s numerous safety and quality challenges, and offer testing and other solutions to help the customer overcome those challenges.

Competition for pathogen detection products includes traditional methods and antibody and genetic-based platforms. Neogen’s product offerings compete across the entire spectrum of methods. Competitionplatforms; competition for natural toxins and allergen detection products include instrumentation and antibody-based tests. While the Company’sour offerings will not always compete on all platforms in all markets, the products that are offeredwe offer provide tests that can be well utilized by most customers to meet their testing needs.

Besides itsIn addition to our extensive product offerings and robust distribution network, the Company focuses itswe focus our competitive advantage in the areas of customer service, product performance, speed, and ease of use of itsour products. Additionally, by aggressively maintaining itselfNeogen as alow-cost producer, Neogen believeswe believe that itwe can be competitive with new market entrants that may choose a low pricing strategy in an attempt to gain market share.

ANIMAL SAFETY:

Neogen’s Animal Safety segment faces no one competitor across the products and markets it serves.we serve. In the racing industry market, the Company believes it holdswe believe we hold a leading market share position. In the life sciences and forensics markets, the Company competeswe compete against several other diagnostic and reagent companies with similar product offerings.

In the veterinary market, Neogen markets BotVax B, the only USDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of botulism Type B in horses. The Company competesWe compete on other key products through differentiated product performance and superior customer and technical support. With some of itsour products, the Company provideswe provide solutions as a lower cost alternative and offersalso offer a private label option for itsour distributors.

Competition in the rodenticide market includes several companies of comparable size that offer products into similar market segments. The retail rodenticide retail market is not dominated by a single brand. While the technical materials used by competing companies are similar, Neogen uses manufacturing and bait formula techniques which the Company believeswe believe may better attractsattract rodents to the product and thereby improves overall product performance.

Within the insecticide market, Chem-Tech products specifically focus on the area of insect control for food and animal safety applications. There are several competitors offering similar products, however, the Company haswe have a proprietary formulation chemistry that optimizes the delivery and safe application of insecticides at the customer’s location. These products are currently only sold in the U.S. through a combination of direct sales and distributors.

SeveralNumerous companies, including a number of large multinationals, compete for sales in the cleaner and disinfectant product segment. Neogen’s broad line of products are sold through itsour distributor network around the world, primarily to assist in the cleaning and disinfecting of animal production facilities.

In addition to the Company’sour extensive portfolio of Animal Safety products, Neogen also competes in the retail market by providing solutions to common retail problems, such as stock outs, wasted floor space and inconsistent brand identity. The Company offersWe differentiate ourselves by offering planograms and convenient reordering systems to maximize turns and profitability for itsour retail customers.

GeneSeek,Neogen Genomics, which includes the leading commercial agricultural genomics laboratory in the U.S., employs cutting-edge technology in the area of genomics. The result of this technology allows the acceleration of natural selection through selective breeding of traits such as disease resistance, yield improvement and meat quality. Competition comes mainly from a number of service providers, some significantly larger than us, whose primary focus are the human and pharmaceutical industries, as well as several smaller companies offering genomics services. GeneSeekNeogen Genomics is not involved in cloning or the development of transgenic animals.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

A significant portion of Neogen’s products and revenues are affected by the regulations of various domestic and foreign government agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Administration (FDA). Changes in these regulations could affect revenues and/or costs of production and distribution.

Neogen’s development and manufacturing processes involve the use of certain hazardous materials, chemicals and compounds. Management believes that the Company’sour safety procedures for handling and disposing of such commodities comply with the standards prescribed by federal, state and local regulations; however, changes in such regulations or rules could involve significant costs to the Companyus and could be materially adverse to itsour business.

The rodenticides, insecticides, cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers manufactured and distributed by Neogen are subject to Environmental Protection AgencyEPA and various state regulations. In general, any international sale of the productour products must also comply with similar regulatory requirements in the country of destination. Each country has its own individual regulatory construct with specific requirements (e.g., label in the language of the importing country). To the best of the Company’sour knowledge, Neogen products are in compliance with applicable regulations in the countries where such products are sold.

Dairy diagnostic products used in National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS), a cooperative program involving FDA, state governments and other milk monitoring programs are regulated by the FDA.industry, must first be approved. Before products requiring FDANCIMS approval can be sold in the U.S., extensive product performance data must be submitted in accordance with the FDA approvedFDA-approved protocol administered by the AOAC Research Institute (AOAC RI). Following approval of a product by the FDA,NCIMS, the product must also be approvedreviewed by NCIMS, an oversight body that includes federal, state and industry representatives. The Company’sthe FDA. Our BetaStar Advanced U.S. dairy antibiotic residue testing product has been reviewed and/or approved by the FDA, NCIMS, and AOAC RI. While some foreign countries accept AOAC RI approval as part of theirappropriate regulatory approval processes, many countries have their own regulatory requirements.bodies.

Many of the food safety diagnostic products to detect allergens and spoilage organisms do not require direct government approval. However, the Company haswe have pursued AOAC approval for manya number of thethese products to enhance their marketability. Products for mycotoxin detection, which are used by federal inspectors, must be approved by the USDA. Neogen has obtained and retained the necessary approvals to conduct its current operations.

Neogen’s veterinary vaccine products and onesome pharmaceutical productproducts require government approval to allow for lawful sales. The vaccine products are approved by United Statesthe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Biologics(USDA-CVB) and the pharmaceutical product isproducts are approved by the FDA. The products, and the facilities in which they are manufactured, are in a position of good standing with both agencies. The Company has hadWe have no warning letters based on any review of these products or facility inspection, no recalls on any of these products, and knowsare not aware of noany reason why itwe could not manufacture and market such products in the future.

Other animal safety and food safety products generally do not require additional registrations or approvals. However, Neogen’s regulatory staff routinely monitors amendments to current regulatory requirements to ensure compliance.

EMPLOYEES

As of May 31, 2016, the Company2019, we employed 1,2351,682 full-time persons worldwide. None of the employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. There have been no work stoppages or slowdowns due to labor-related problems, and management believes that itsour relationship with itsour employees is generally good. Employees havingwith access to proprietary information have executed confidentiality agreements with the Company.Neogen.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in Neogen Corporation’s common shares involves a high degree of risk. The risks described below are not the only ones that an investor faces. Additional risks that are not yet known to us or that we currently think are immaterial could also impair our business, financial condition or results of operations. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our business strategy is dependent on successfully promoting internal growth and identifying and integrating acquisitions.

Our business has grown significantly over the past several years as a result of both internal growth and acquisitions of existing businesses and their products. Management initiatives may be attempted to augment internal growth, such as strengthening our presence in select markets, reallocating research and development funds to higher growth potential products, development of new applications for our technologies, enhancing our service offerings, continuing key customer efforts, and finding new markets for our products. Failure of these management initiatives may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Identifying and pursuing acquisition opportunities, integrating these acquisitions into our business and managing their growth requires a significant amount of management’s time and skill. We cannot assure that we will be effective in identifying, integrating or managing future acquisition targets. Our failure to successfully integrate and manage a future acquisition may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

In addition, if we continue to experience growth in our business, such growth could place a significant strain on our management, customer service, operations, sales and administrative personnel, and other resources. To serve the needs of our existing and future customers we will be required to recruit, train, motivate and manage qualified employees. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs to retain qualified management, sales and marketing, engineering, production, manufacturing and administrative personnel, as well as expenses for marketing and promotional activities. Our ability to manage our planned growth depends upon our success in expanding our operating, management, information and financial systems, which might significantly increase our operating expenses.

We may not be able to effectively manage our future growth, and if we fail to do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We rely significantly on our information systems and telecommunications infrastructure to support our operations and a failure of these systems and infrastructure and/or a security breach of the Company’sour information systems could damage the Company’sour reputation and have an adverse effect on operations and results.

We rely on our information systems and telecommunications infrastructure to integrate departments and functions, to enhance our ability to service customers, to improve our control environment and to manage our cost reduction initiatives. If a security breach or cyberattack of our IT networks and systems occurs, our operations could be interrupted. Any issues involving our critical business applications and infrastructure may adversely impact our ability to manage our operations and the customers we serve. Although we have controls and security measures in place to prevent such attacks, experienced computer hackers are increasingly organized and sophisticated. Malicious attack efforts operate on a large-scale and sometimes offer targeted attacks as apaid-for service. In addition, the techniques used to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target.

We rely on several information systems throughout our company, as well as those of our third-party business partners, to provide access to ourweb-based products and services, keep financial records, analyze results of operations, process customer orders, manage inventory, process shipments to customers, store confidential or proprietary information and operate other critical functions. Although Neogen employs system backup measures and engages in information system redundancy planning and processes, such measures, planning and processes, as well as our current disaster recovery plan, may be ineffective or inadequate to address all vulnerabilities. Further, our information systems and our business partners’ and suppliers’ information systems may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers and other security breaches, including computer viruses and malware, through the Internet (including via devices and applications connected to the Internet), email attachments and persons with access to these information systems, such as our employees or third parties with whom we do business. As information systems and the use of software and related applications by us, our business partners, suppliers, and customers become more cloud-based, there has been an increase in global cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, including more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks that pose a risk to the security of our information systems and networks and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data and information.

While we have implemented network security and internal control measures, especially for the purpose of protecting our connected products and services from cyberattacks, and invested in our data and information technology infrastructure, there can be no assurance that these efforts will prevent a system disruption, attack, or security breach and, as such, the risk of system disruptions and security breaches from a cyberattack remains.

In addition, if the Company’sour security and information systems are compromised, or employees fail to comply with the applicable laws and regulations, andor this information is obtained by unauthorized persons or used inappropriately, it could adversely affect the Company’sour reputation, as well as results of operations, and could result in litigation, the imposition of penalties, or significant expenditures to remediate any damage to persons whose personal information has been compromised.

Disruption of our manufacturing and service operations could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We manufacture our products at several manufacturing facilities located in the following locations: Lansing, Michigan; Lexington, Kentucky; Randolph, Wisconsin; Kenansville, North Carolina; Pleasantville, Iowa; Memphis, Tennessee; Turlock, California; Heywood, England; Ayr, Scotland; Rochdale, England; and Ayr, Scotland.Pindamonhangaba, Brazil. We offer genomics services from facilities located in: Lincoln, Nebraska; Ayr, Scotland; Pindamonhangaba, Brazil; Edmonton, Canada; Shanghai, China and Aracatuba, Brazil.Gatton, Australia. These facilities and our distribution systems are subject to catastrophic loss due to fire, flood, terrorism or other natural orman-made disasters. If any of these facilities were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and revenue and result in largesignificant expenses to repair or replace the facility and/or distribution system. If such a disruption were to occur, we could breach agreements, our reputation could be harmed, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Although we carry insurance for property damage and business interruption, we do not carry insurance or financial reserves for interruptions or potential losses arising from terrorism. Economic conditions and uncertainties in global markets may adversely affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain third party insurance. If our third partywe are unable to obtain sufficient and cost effective third-party insurance coverage, is adversely affected, or to the extent we have elected to self-insure, we may be at greater risk that our operations will be harmed by a catastrophic loss.

Our dependence on suppliers could limit our ability to sell certain products or negatively affect our operating results.

We rely on third partythird-party suppliers to provide components in our products, manufacture products that we do not manufacture ourselves and perform services that we do not provide ourselves, including package delivery services.ourselves. Because these suppliers are independent third parties with their own financial objectives, actions taken by them could have a negative effect on our results of operations. The risks of relying on suppliers include our inability to enter into contracts with third party suppliers on reasonable terms, inconsistent or inadequate quality control, relocation of supplier facilities, supplier work stoppages and suppliers’ failure to comply with their contractual obligations. In addition, we currently purchase some raw materials and products from sole or single sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. Problems with suppliers could negatively impact our ability to supply the market, substantially decrease sales, lead to higher costs or damage our reputation with our customers.

We rely heavily on third partythird-party package delivery services, and a significant disruption in these services or significant increases in prices may disrupt our ability to ship products, increase our costs and lower our profitability.

We ship a significant portion of our products to our customers through independent package delivery companies, such as UPS, Federal Express and DHL. We also ship our products through other carriers, including national and regional trucking firms, overnight carrier services and the U.S. Postal Service. If one or more of these third partythird-party package delivery providers were to experience a major work stoppage, preventing our products from being delivered in a timely fashion or causing us to incur additional shipping costs we could not pass on to our customers, our costs could increase and our relationships with some of our customers could be adversely affected. In addition, if one or more of our third partythird-party package delivery providers were to increase prices, and we were not able to find comparable alternatives or make adjustments inwithin our delivery network, our profitability could be adversely affected.

Our business sells many products through distributors, which present risks that could negatively affect our operating results.

We sell many of our products, both within and outside of the U.S., through distributors. As a result, we are dependent on these distributors to sell our products and assist us in promoting and creating a demand for our products. Our distributors sometimes offer products from several different companies, and those distributors may carry our competitors’ products and promote our competitors’ products over our own products.own. We have limited ability, if any, to cause our distributors to devote adequate resources to promoting, marketing, selling and supporting our products. We cannot assure that we will be successful in maintaining and strengthening our relationships with our distributors or establishing relationships with new distributors who have the ability to market, sell and support our products effectively. We may rely on one or more key distributors for a product or region, and the loss of one or more of these distributors could reduce our revenue. Distributors may face financial difficulties, including bankruptcy, which could harmimpact our collection ofability to collect our accounts receivable and negatively impact our financial results. In addition, violations of anti-corruption laws or similar laws by our distributors could have a material impact on our business, and any termination of a distributor relationship may result in increased competition in the applicable jurisdiction. Failing to manage the risks associated with our use of distributors may reduce sales, increase expenses and weaken our competitive position, which could have a negative effectimpact on our operating results.

The development of new products entails substantial risk of failure due to the production ofnon-viable products, lack of properly identifying market potential, and competitors better serving the marketplace.

Our growth strategy includes significant investment in and expenditures for product development. To execute this strategy, we are continually developing new products for which we believe there should be significant market demand. We cannot assure that we will successfully develop commercially viable products, that the products will be developed on a timely basis to meet market demand or that the relevant market will be properly identified. Our competitors may also adapt more quickly, and deliver superior technologies, price and/or service to better fit our customers’ requirements. If we expend substantial resources in developing an unsuccessful product, whether that lack of success is the result of our production of anon-viable product, a misidentified market, or a competitor’s superior ability to meet our customers’ requirements, operating results could be adversely affected.

Our international operations are subject to different product standards as well as other operational risks.

In fiscal 2016, sales to customers outside of the U.S. accounted for 33.5% of the Company’s total revenue. We expect that our international business will continue to account for a significant portion of our total revenue. Foreign regulatory bodies may establish product standards different from those in the U.S. and with which the Company’s current products do not comply. Our potential inability to design products that comply with foreign standards could have a material adverse effect on our future growth. Other risks related to our sales to customers outside of the U.S. include possible disruptions in transportation, difficulties in building and managing foreign distribution, fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies, changes in import duties and quotas and unexpected economic and political changes in foreign markets. These factors could adversely affect international sales and our overall financial performance.

The markets for our products are extremely competitive, and our competitors may be able to utilize existing resource advantages to our detriment.

The markets in which the Company competeswe compete are subject to rapid and substantial changes in technology and are characterized by extensive research and development and intense competition. Many of ourOur competitors and potential competitors may have greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, research and development and management resources than we do. These competitors might be able to use their resources, reputations and ability to leverage existing customer relationships to give them a competitive advantage over us. They might also succeed in developing products that are more reliable and effective than our products, make additional measurements, are less costly than our products or provide alternatives to our products.

We are dependent on the agricultural marketplace, which is affected by factors beyond our control.

Our primary customers are in the agricultural and food production industries. Economic conditions affecting agricultural industries are cyclical and are dependent upon many factors outside of our control, including weather conditions, changes in consumption patterns or commodity prices. Any of these factors in the agricultural marketplace could affect our sales and overall financial performance.

Our quarterly operating results are subject to significant fluctuations.

We have experienced, and may experience in the future, significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results. The mix of products sold and the acceptance of new products, in addition to other factors, could contribute to this quarterly variability. We operate with relatively little backlog and have few long-term customer contracts. Substantially all of our product revenue in each quarter results from orders received in that quarter. In addition, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectation of future revenue levels. A shortfall in expected revenue could, therefore, result in a disproportionate decrease in our net income.

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to obtain protection for the intellectual property utilized in our products.

Our success and ability to compete depends in part upon our ability to obtain protection in the United StatesU.S. and other countries for our products by establishing and maintaining intellectual property rights relating to or incorporated into our technology and products. Patent applications filed by the Companyus may not result in the issuance of patents or, if issued, may not be issued in a form that will be commercially advantageous to us. Even if issued, patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of time we may have patent protection for our products. We also cannot assure that our nondisclosure agreements, together with trade secrets and other common law rights, will provide meaningful protection for the Company’sour trade secrets and other proprietary information. Moreover, the laws of some foreign jurisdictions may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as in the United States,U.S., and many companies have encountered significant difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties or we are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting our intellectual property rights domestically or in foreign jurisdictions, we may incur substantial costs and our business, including our business prospects, could be substantially harmed.

From time to time, the Company haswe have received notices alleging that the Company’sour products infringe third partythird-party proprietary rights. Whether the manufacture, sale or use of current products, or whether any products under development would, upon commercialization, infringe any patent claim will not be known with certainty unless and until a court interprets the patent claim in the context of litigation. When an infringement allegation is made against us, we may seek to invalidate the asserted patent claim and/or to allegenon-infringement of the asserted patent claim. In order forFor us to invalidate a U.S. patent claim, we would need to rebut the presumption of validity afforded to issued patents in the United StatesU.S. with clear and convincing evidence of invalidity, which is a high burden of proof. The outcome of infringement litigation is subject to substantial uncertainties, and also the testimony of experts as to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably disagree. Our defense of an infringement litigation lawsuit could result in significant expense. Regardless of the outcome, infringement litigation could significantly disrupt our marketing, development and commercialization efforts, divert management’s

attention and consume our financial resources. In the event that we are found to infringe any valid claim in a patent held by a third party, we may, among other things, be required to:

 

Pay damages, including up to treble damages and the other party’s attorneys’ fees, which may be substantial;

 

Cease the development, manufacture, importation, use and sale of products that infringe the patent rights of others, through a court-imposed injunction;

 

Expend significant resources to redesign our technology so that it does not infringe others’ patent rights, or develop or acquirenon-infringing intellectual property, which may not be possible;

 

Discontinue manufacturing or other processes incorporating infringing technology; and/or

 

Obtain licenses to the infringed intellectual property, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

Any development or acquisition ofnon-infringing products, technology or licenses could require the expenditure of substantial time and other resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. If we are required to, but cannot, obtain a license to valid patent rights held by a third party, we would likely be prevented from commercializing the relevant product, or from further manufacture, sale or use of the relevant product.

We are subject to substantial governmental regulation.

A portion of our products and facilities are regulated by various domestic and foreign government agencies including, but not limited to, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. Although less than 10% of our revenue is currently derived from products requiring government approval prior to sale, aA significant portion of our revenue is derived from products used to monitor and detect the presence of residues that are regulated by various government agencies. Furthermore, the Company’sour growth may be adversely affected by the implementation of new regulations. The Company is not aware of any failures to comply with applicable laws and regulations; the costs of compliance or failure to comply with any obligations related to these laws or regulations could adversely impact theour business.

We are dependent on key employees.

Our success depends, in large part, on members of our management team. Our loss of any of these, or other, key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company.us. We maintain certain incentive plans for key employees, and most of these employees have been with the Company in excess of five years. However, we have not executed long-term employment agreements with any of these employees and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Our success depends, significantly, on our ability to continue to attract such personnel. We cannot assure that we will be able to retain our existing personnel or attract additional qualified persons when required and on acceptable terms.

Our business may be subject to product liability claims.

The manufacturing and distribution of the Company’sour products involve an inherent risk of product liability claims being asserted against us. Regardless of whether we are ultimately determined to be liable or our products are determined to be defective, we might incur significant legal expenses not covered by insurance. In addition, product liability litigation could damage our reputation and impair our ability to market our products, regardless of the outcome. Litigation could also impair our ability to retain product liability insurance or make our insurance more expensive. Although the Companywe currently maintainsmaintain liability insurance, we cannot assure that we will be able to continue to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms, or that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against all potential claims. If we are subject to an uninsured or inadequately insured product liability claim, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Market prices for securities of technology companies are highly volatile.

The market prices for securities of technology companies have been volatile in the past and could continue to be volatile in the future. Fluctuations in our financial performance from period to period could have a significant impact on the market price of our common shares.

OperatingOur international operations are subject to different product standards as well as other operational risks.

In fiscal 2019, sales to customers outside of the U.S. accounted for 40.1% of our total revenue. We expect that our international business will continue to account for a significant portion of our total sales. Foreign regulatory bodies may establish product standards different from those in the U.S. and with which our current products do not comply. Our potential inability to design products that comply with foreign standards could have a material adverse effect on our future growth. Other risks related to sales to customers outside of the U.S. include possible disruptions in transportation, difficulties in building and managing foreign distribution, fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies, changes in import duties and quotas and unexpected economic and political changes in foreign markets. These factors could negatively impact our competitiveness in these markets or otherwise adversely impact our business results or financial condition. Moreover, discriminatory or conflicting fiscal or trade policies in different countries, including potential changes to tariffs and existing trade policies and agreements, could be negatively impacted by economic,adversely affect our results.

Changing political or other developmentsconditions could adversely impact our business and financial results.

Changes in countriesthe political conditions in markets in which we do business.

Future operatingmanufacture, sell or distribute our products may be difficult to predict and may adversely affect our business and financial results. For example, the U.K.’s decision to leave the European Union has created uncertainty regarding, among other things, the U.K.’s future legal and economic framework and how the U.K. will interact with other countries, including with respect to the free movement of goods, services, capital and people. In addition, results of elections, referendums or other political processes in certain markets in which our products are manufactured, sold or distributed could be negatively impacted by unstable economic, political and social conditions, including but not limited to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, political instability, or changes in the creation or interpretation ofcreate uncertainty regarding how existing governmental policies, laws and regulations or administrative actions in eachmay change, including with respect to sanctions, taxes, the movement of goods, services, capital and people between countries and other matters. The potential implications of such uncertainty, which include, among others, exchange rate fluctuations, trade barriers and market contraction, could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial results.

Tax legislation could materially adversely affect our financial results and tax liabilities.

We are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the countries whereU.S., including state and local governments, as well as foreign jurisdictions. Legislation may be enacted that could materially adversely affect our financial results. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate will not be adversely affected by legislation.

Our tax expense and liabilities may also be affected by other factors, such as changes in our business operations, acquisitions, investments, entry into new businesses and geographies, intercompany transactions, the Company conducts business, including the United States.

These potential negative impacts include, butrelative amount of our foreign earnings, losses incurred in jurisdictions for which we are not limited to: reductionable to realize related tax benefits, changes in our stock price, and changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities and their valuation. In addition, tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. For example, the legislation known as the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of demand for some2017 (the “U.S. Tax Act”) requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the provision of the U.S. Tax Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the U.S. Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, we may make adjustments to amounts that we have previously recorded that may materially impact our products, increasefinancial statements in the rate of order cancellationsperiod in which the adjustments are made.

Although we believe that our historical tax positions are sound and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and existing precedent, there can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or delays, increased risk of excess and obsolete inventories, increased pressure on the prices for our products and services, and longer sales cycles and greater difficultythat we would be successful in collecting accounts receivable.

any such challenge. Additionally, the Company operateswe operate in multiple income tax jurisdictions and must determine the appropriate allocation of income to each of these jurisdictions based on current interpretations of complex income tax regulations. Income tax audits associated with the allocation of income and other complex issues may result in significant income tax adjustments that could negatively impact the Company’sour future operating results.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS – NONE

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

Neogen owns 15 separate buildingsPrincipal Manufacturing, Distribution and Administrative locations

Location

Approximate Square
Feet
OperationsOwnership

Lansing, Michigan

300,000Corporate, Food Safety, Animal SafetyOwned

Lexington, Kentucky

210,000Animal SafetyOwned

Kenansville, North Carolina

33,500Animal SafetyLeased, expires 3/2020

St Joseph, Michigan

7,000Animal SafetyLeased, expires 5/2021

Randolph, Wisconsin

137,000Animal SafetyOwned

Pleasantville, Iowa

59,000Animal SafetyLeased, expires 12/2020

Lincoln, Nebraska

41,000Animal SafetyOwned

Memphis, Tennessee

66,100Animal SafetyOwned

Turlock, California

29,500Animal SafetyLeased, expires 9/2022

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

2,000Animal SafetyLeased, month to month

Ayr, Scotland, United Kingdom

74,000Food SafetyOwned

Heywood, England, United Kingdom

26,800Food SafetyOwned

Rochdale, England, United Kingdom

60,000Food SafetyOwned

Indaiatuba, Brazil

6,800Food SafetyLeased, expires 5/2021

Pindamonhangaba, Brazil

76,000Food SafetyOwned

Naucalpan, Mexico

27,000Food SafetyLeased, expires 10/2021

Shanghai, China

7,900Food SafetyLeased, expires 10/2021

Kochi, India

5,500Food SafetyLeased, expires 4/2020

Gatton, Australia

4,600Animal SafetyLeased, expires 1/2023

Our corporate headquarters are located throughoutin Lansing, Michigan, totaling 277,500 square feet. These buildings are used for corporate offices, including accounting and human resources,with administrative, sales, manufacturing and warehousing of food safety products, food safety salesin other locations domestically and marketing, and research and development.

Animal Safety sales and marketing, diagnostic test kit manufacturing, warehousing and distribution of certain Animal Safety products takes place from two Company-owned facilities totaling 210,000 square feet in Lexington, Kentucky.

The Company rents 26,000 square feet at a manufacturing facility in Kenansville, North Carolina at a monthly cost of $5,360. The lease automatically renews annually but can be terminated with six months’ notice. The Company manufactures and warehouses veterinary devices at this location.

Food Safety researchers occupy 5,400 square feet of space in St. Joseph, Michigan at a monthly cost of $3,100. The lease extends through May 2017, with two one-year extensions, at the Company’s option.

Neogen Europe Ltd. operations take place in two Company-owned facilities, totaling 74,000 square feet, in Ayr, Scotland.

Lab M manufacturing and warehousing takes place in a 24,800 square foot Company-owned facility in Heywood, England.

Rodenticide and disinfectant manufacturing and warehousing is conducted in 113,000 square feet of Company-owned buildings in Randolph, Wisconsin.

The Company’s GeneSeek subsidiary owns 26,000 square feet of laboratory and office space in Lincoln, Nebraska.

The Company’s Chem-Tech Ltd. subsidiary manufactures and warehouses insecticides and other pesticides in 59,000 square feet of rented space in Pleasantville, Iowa. The monthly rent is $17,000 and the lease extends through December 2016.

Manufacturing and warehousing facilities for cleaners and disinfectants acquired in the Preserve International acquisition are located in Memphis, Tennessee and Turlock, California. The Memphis building, totaling 66,000 square feet, is owned by the Company. The Turlock building, at 30,000 square feet, is rented at a monthly rate of $5,960, with the lease extending through May 2020.

Neogen do Brasil rents 6,800 square feet of office and warehouse space near Sao Paulo, Brazil at a cost of approximately $2,000 per month. The lease extends to May 2021. Deoxi occupies 2,000 square feet of rented lab and office space in Aracatuba, Brazil at a cost of approximately $2,100 per month. The lease extends through October 2017.

Neogen Latinoamerica rents 27,000 square feet of office and warehouse space in Mexico City, Mexico for approximately $9,500 per month. The lease extends to November 1, 2018.

Neogen China rents 3,800 square feet of office and warehouse space in Shanghai at a cost of $5,800 per month. The lease extends to February 2019. Neogen China also rents 350 square feet of office and lab space in Beijing at a cost of $2,000 per month. The lease extends to March 2017.

Neogen India rents 5,500 square feet of lab, office and warehouse space in Kerla, India at a cost of approximately $1,600 per month. The lease extends through June 2017.

globally. These properties are in good condition, well-maintained, and generally suitable and adequate to carry on the Company’ssupport our business.

 

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neogen is subject to certain legal proceedings in the normal course of business that, in the opinion of management, should not have a material effect on itsour future results of operations or financial position.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES — NOT APPLICABLE

Not Applicable

PART II

 

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKET INFORMATION:Market Information

Neogen Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “NEOG”. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the high and low sales prices for the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market.NEOG.

   HIGH   LOW 

YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2016

    

First Quarter

  $62.70    $44.90  

Second Quarter

  $59.76    $43.00  

Third Quarter

  $60.38    $45.00  

Fourth Quarter

  $53.02    $43.79  

YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2015

    

First Quarter

  $45.06    $36.78  

Second Quarter

  $44.65    $39.23  

Third Quarter

  $51.63    $43.08  

Fourth Quarter

  $51.21    $42.37  

HOLDERS:Holders

As of June 30, 2016,2019, there were approximately 304249 stockholders of record of Common Stock and management believes there are a total of approximately 11,73610,000 beneficial holders.

DIVIDENDS:Dividends

Neogen has never paid cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The graph below matches Neogen Corporation’s cumulative 5-year5-Year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite index and the NASDAQ Medical Equipment index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from May 31, 20115/31/2014 to May 31, 2016.5/31/2019.

LOGO

   5/14   5/15   5/16   5/17   5/18   5/19 

Neogen Corporation

   100.00    123.68    130.64    167.48    267.13    198.82 

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00    120.89    119.47    151.43    183.75    186.02 

NASDAQ Medical Equipment

   100.00    127.63    134.41    176.32    249.17    244.73 

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

May 31 of :

  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015   2016 

Neogen Corporation

   100.00     86.84     121.48     126.42     156.36     165.15  

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00     103.65     128.29     160.97     194.49     190.42  

NASDAQ Medical Equipment

   100.00     103.31     113.10     118.81     149.55     154.08  

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In December 2008, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to a total of 1,125,000 shares of its common stock in open market transactions. This authorization remains in effect; however, the Company made no purchases of common stock in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth selected consolidated financial data of Neogen for the year ended May 31, 2019, and each of the fivefour preceding fiscal years ended May 31, 2016.years. The selected consolidated financial data presented below have been derived from the Company’sour consolidated financial statements. This financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form10-K.

 

  Years Ended May 31 
  Years Ended May 31   2019   2018 2017 2016 2015 
(in thousands, except per share data)  2016 2015 2014 2013   2012               

Income Statement Data:

              

Food Safety Revenues

  $145,841   $131,479   $116,290   $106,158    $91,104    $213,474   $194,477  $170,034  $145,057  $129,876 

Animal Safety Revenues

   175,434   151,595   131,115   101,370     92,942     200,712    203,453  188,243  172,172  150,025 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total Revenues

   321,275   283,074   247,405   207,528     184,046     414,186    397,930  358,277  317,229  279,901 

Cost of Revenues

   168,211   143,389   124,807   98,034     91,621  

Total Cost of Revenues

   222,266    211,658  189,353  167,898  143,113 
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Gross Margin

   191,920    186,272  168,924  149,331  136,788 

Sales and Marketing

   57,599   51,757   46,432   40,791     35,026     70,230    66,929  59,380  53,866  48,860 

General and Administrative

   29,189   25,233   24,449   20,216     17,024     40,791    38,294  34,214  29,189  25,233 

Research and Development

   9,890   9,577   8,326   7,781     6,636     12,805    10,855  10,385  9,890  9,577 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Operating Income

   56,386   53,118   43,391   40,706     33,739     68,094    70,194  64,945  56,386  53,118 

Other Income (Expense)

   (873 (1,042 (360 435     100     4,865    3,271  1,728  (873 (1,042
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Income Before Income Taxes

   55,513   52,076   43,031   41,141     33,839     72,959    73,465  66,673  55,513  52,076 

Provision for Income Taxes

   18,975   18,500   15,000   14,100     11,450     12,783    10,250  22,700  18,975  18,500 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Income

   36,538   33,576   28,031   27,041     22,389     60,176    63,215  43,973  36,538  33,576 

Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interest

   26   (49 127   149     124     —      (70 (180 26  (50
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $36,564   $33,527   $28,158   $27,190    $22,513    $60,176   $63,145  $43,793  $36,564  $33,526 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Income per Share (basic)(1)

  $0.98   $0.91   $0.77   $0.76    $0.64  

Net Income per Share (diluted)(1)

  $0.97   $0.90   $0.76   $0.75    $0.62  

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (diluted)(1)

   37,875   37,444   37,267   36,491     36,029  

Net Income per Share (basic) (1)

  $1.16   $1.23  $0.87  $0.73  $0.68 

Net Income per Share (diluted) (1)

  $1.15   $1.21  $0.86  $0.72  $0.67 

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (diluted) (1)

   52,425    52,149  51,165  50,500  49,926 
  Years Ended May 31 
  2016 2015 2014 2013   2012   2019   2018 2017 2016 2015 

Balance Sheet Data:

              

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

  $107,796   $114,164   $76,496   $85,369    $68,645    $267,524   $210,810  $143,635  $107,796  $114,164 

Working Capital(2)

   221,403   205,739   163,779   150,728     123,962  

Working Capital (2)

   411,278    337,101  256,959  219,628  205,739 

Total Assets

   451,715   392,181   345,301   290,558     251,600  ��  695,740    618,009  528,409  449,940  392,181 

Long-Term Debt

   0   0   0   0     0     —      —     —     —     —   

Total Equity

   404,161   350,963   306,300   258,287     219,054     637,899    560,175  471,757  404,161  350,963 

 

(1)

On October 30, 2013,December 29, 2017, the Company paideffected a 3-for-24-for-3 stock split affected in the formwhereby shareholders of record on December 18, 2017 received a dividend of its common stock.one additional share of stock for each three shares held. All share and per share amounts in this Form10-K have been adjusted to reflect the stock split as if it had taken place at the beginning of the period presented.

 

(2)

Defined as current assets less current liabilities.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains both historical financial information and forward-looking statements. Neogen CorporationNeogen’s management does not provide forecasts of future financial performance. While management iswe are optimistic about the Company’sour long-term prospects, historical financial information may not be indicative of our future financial results.

Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors, including competition, recruitment and dependence on key employees, impact of weather on agriculture and food production, identification and integration of acquisitions, research and development risks, patent and trade secret protection, government regulation and other risks detailed in item 1A. RISK FACTORS in this Form10-K and from time to time in the Company’s reports on file at the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause Neogen Corporation’s results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

In addition, any forward-looking statements represent management’s views only as of the day this Report on Form10-K was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. While managementwe may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, itwe specifically disclaimsdisclaim any obligation to do so, even if itsour views change.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of the Company’sour financial condition and results of operations are based on the consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires that management make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates, including but not limited to, those related to receivable allowances, inventories and intangible assets. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The following critical accounting policies reflect management’s more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No.2014-09—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is designed to create greater comparability for financial statement users across industries and jurisdictions and also requires enhanced disclosures. In April 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards UpdateNo. 2016-10—Revenue from productsContracts with Customers (Topic 606), which amends and services is recognized whenadds clarity to certain aspects of the productguidance set forth in ASU2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations and licensing. The guidance became effective for the Company on June 1, 2018. We adopted this standard using the full retrospective approach. This approach was chosen to provide appropriate comparisons against our prior year financial statements; accordingly, historical information for the years ended May 31, 2018 and 2017 has been shipped oradjusted to conform to the service performed,new standard. See Revenue Recognition section of Note 1 to the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection of any receivable is probable. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred and later recognized in the period that all recognition criteria have been met. Customer creditsconsolidated financial statements for sales returns, pricing and other disputes, and other related matters (including volume rebates offered to certain distributors as marketing support) represent approximately 3% of reported net revenue for each period presented.further discussion.

Accounts Receivable Allowance

Management attempts to minimize credit risk by reviewing customers’ credit history before extending credit and by monitoring credit exposure on a regular basis. An allowance for doubtful accounts receivable is established based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. Collateral or other security is generally not required for accounts receivable. Once a receivable balance has been determined to be uncollectible, that amount is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventory

A reserve for obsolete and slow movingslow-moving inventory has been established and is reviewed at least quarterly based on an analysis of the inventory, taking into accountconsidering the current condition of the asset as well as other known facts and future plans. The reserve required to record inventory at lower of cost or marketnet realizable value may be adjusted as conditions change. Product obsolescence may be caused by shelf-life expiration, discontinuance of a product line, replacement products in the marketplace or other competitive situations.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses after amounts are allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Other intangible assets include customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, trade names, covenantsnot-to-compete and patents. Amortizable intangible assetsCustomer relationship intangibles are amortized on either an accelerated or straight-line basis, reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed, while all other amortizable intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basisbasis; intangibles are generally amortized over 5 to 25 years. The Company reviewsWe review the carrying amounts of goodwill and othernon-amortizable intangible assets annually, or when indications of impairment exist, to determine if such assets may be impaired. If the Company’s qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, or the Company skips the qualitative assessment, then the Company performsimpaired by performing a quantitative assessment. If the carrying amounts of these assets are deemed to be less than fair value based upon a discounted cash flow analysis and comparison to comparable EBITDA multiples of peer companies, such assets are reduced to their estimated fair value and a charge is made to operations.

Long-lived Assets

Management reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including definite-lived intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in business conditions warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the asset indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. In such an event, fair value is determined using discounted cash flows and, if lower than the carrying value, impairment is recognized through a charge to operations.

Equity Compensation Plans

Share options awarded to employees and shares of stock awarded to employees under certain stock purchase plans are recognized as compensation expense based on their fair value at grant date. The fair market value of options granted under the Company’sour stock option plans was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricingoption pricing model usingwith assumptions for inputs such as interest rates, expected dividends, volatility measures and specific employee exercise behavior patterns based on statistical data. Some of the inputs used are not market-observable and have to be estimated or derived from available data. Use of different estimates wouldmay produce different option values, which in turn wouldmay result in higher or lower compensation expense recognized.

To value options, several recognized valuation models exist. None of these models can be singled out as being the best or most correct one. The model applied by the Company is able tous can handle somemost of the specific features included in the options granted, which is the reason for its use. If a different model were used, the option values could differ despite using the same inputs. Accordingly, using different assumptions coupled with using a different valuation model could have a significant impact on the fair value of employee stock options. Fair value could be either higher or lower than the number provided by the model applied and the inputs used. Further information on the Company’sour equity compensation plans, including inputs used to determine the fair value of options, is disclosed in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

The Company accountsWe account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax credit carry forwardscarryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expense represents the change in net deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year.

The Company’sOur wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are comprised of Neogen Europe, (wholly-owned subsidiary), Lab M Holdings, (wholly-owned subsidiary), Neogen Latinoamerica (90% owned subsidiary),Quat-Chem, Neogen do Brasil, (90% owned subsidiary),Rogama Industria e Comercio Ltda, Neogen Latinoamérica, NeogenBio-Scientific Technology Co (Shanghai) (wholly-owned subsidiary), Neogen Food and Animal Security (India) (wholly-owned subsidiary), Neogen Canada, (wholly-owned subsidiary) and Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda (wholly-owned subsidiary).Neogen Australasia Pty Limited. Based on historical experience, as well as the Company’sour future plans, earnings from these subsidiaries are expected to bere-invested indefinitely for future expansion and working capital needs. Furthermore, the Company’sour domestic operations have historically produced sufficient operating cash flow to mitigate the need to remit foreign earnings. On an annual basis, the Company evaluateswe evaluate the current business environment and whether any new events or other external changes might require are-evaluation of the decision to indefinitelyre-invest foreign earnings. At May 31, 2016,2019, unremitted earnings of theour foreign subsidiaries were $27,880,000.

$55,553,000.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (U.S. Tax Act) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include a federal corporate tax rate reduced from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and aone-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The U. S. Tax Act also includes a provision to tax global intangiblelow-taxed income (GILTI) of foreign subsidiaries and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Executive Overview

Total consolidated revenue for Neogen Corporation in fiscal 2016 was $321.3 million, an increase of 13% compared to revenue of $283.1

Consolidated revenues were $414.2 million in fiscal 2015. Net income attributable to Neogen increased 9% to $36.6 million, or $0.97 per fully diluted share, compared to $33.5 million, or $0.90 per fully diluted share, in fiscal 2015. Cash flow from operations for fiscal 2016 was $35.3 million compared to $43.8 million in fiscal 2015.

The Company’s Food Safety segment revenues were $145.8 million in fiscal 2016, an increase of 11% compared to prior fiscal year revenues of $131.5 million. Animal Safety segment revenues were $175.4 million, up 16%, compared to $151.6 million in fiscal 2015. Organic sales growth for fiscal 2016 was 6% for the Food Safety segment and 14% for the Animal Safety segment, each compared to the prior fiscal year.

Revenue increases were aided by acquisitions the Company completed in the 2015 and 2016 fiscal years, which added revenue totaling $9.0 million during the fiscal 2016 year. BioLumix was acquired in October 2014 of the prior fiscal year. In fiscal 2016, the Company acquired Sterling Test House (June 2015), a commercial food service testing laboratory in India, which was purchased as the Company’s entry point into the important Indian market; Lab M (August 2015), a manufacturer and marketer of dehydrated culture media based in England; Virbac (December 2015), a line of rodenticides with a number of international product registrations; Deoxi (April 2016), a genomics lab in Brazil, to aid in the expansion of the Company’s genomics efforts in that country; and Preserve/Tetradyne (May 2016), manufacturers and marketers of cleaners and disinfectants, an important component of the Company’s biosecurity product offering, with particular strength in the swine and cattle markets.

International sales were $107.7 million in fiscal 2016,2019, an increase of 4% compared to the prior$397.9 million in fiscal year. Sales growth in the Company’s international operations, which report primarily in its 2018. Organic sales increased 3%.

Food Safety segment was adversely impacted bysales were $213.5 million in fiscal 2019, an increase of 10% compared to $194.5 million in fiscal 2018. Organic sales increased 9%, with the strengthacquisition of Clarus Labs, in August 2018, contributing the remainder of the U.S. dollar, which rose duringgrowth.

Animal Safety segment sales were $200.7 million in fiscal 2019, a decrease of 1% compared to $203.5 million in fiscal 2018. Organic sales decreased 2%, with the year against all currenciesacquisitions of Neogen Australasia (September 2017), Livestock Genetic Services (September 2018) and Delta Genomics (January 2019) partially offsetting the decrease.

International sales were 40.1% of total sales in whichfiscal 2019 compared to 37.6% of total sales in fiscal 2018.

Our effective tax rate was 17.5% in fiscal 2019 compared to an effective tax rate of 14.0% in fiscal 2018.

Net income was $60.2 million, or $1.15 per diluted share, a decrease of 5% compared to $63.1 million, or $1.21 per share, in the Company conducts business. Neogen Europe recorded a 3% revenue gainprior year.

Cash generated from operating activities in pound sterlingfiscal 2019 was $63.8 million, compared to $69.1 million in fiscal 2018.

Neogen’s results reflect an 11% increase in international sales in fiscal 2019 compared to the prior year; however, theseyear. We continue to focus on increasing our presence and market share throughout the world, while also integrating recent international acquisitions into our product portfolio. Sales increases for fiscal 2019 compared to the prior year are as follows for each of our international locations:

   Revenue  Revenue 
   % Increase  % Increase 
   USD  Local Currency 

Neogen Europe (including Lab M & Quat-Chem)

   8  12

Neogen do Brasil (including Deoxi & Rogama)

   16  36

Neogen Latinoamerica

   13  17

Neogen China

   13  17

Neogen India

   71  86

Neogen Australasia

   122  150

Neogen Canada

   (11)%   (7)% 

Currency translation had a negative impact of approximately $8.0 million on revenues resultedrecorded in foreign currencies during fiscal 2019, as the U.S. dollar strengthened against all the currencies in the countries in which we conduct business. The revenue increase in Europe was led by a 3% decrease when converted to U.S. dollars. Neogen do Brasil had revenue increases14% increase in sales of 49%genomics services, primarily in its local currency, the real,porcine and bovine markets. Deoxynivalenol (DON) test kit sales also increased 19% due to strong sales increasesincreased testing after a DON outbreak in France’s wheat crops in the fall of its BetaStar dairy antibiotics test kits; this was reduced to a 7% increase in dollarscalendar 2018. Sales at Quat-Chem increased 17%, due to increased sales coverage and the significantintroduction of new products into their markets.

After adjusting for a 15% devaluation of the real against the dollar, sales in fiscal 2016.Brazil increased 16%, led by a 90% increase in sales of natural toxins test kits, as we gained significant new business from customers testing for the presence of aflatoxin in corn. Sales of forensic test kits, used for required drug testing of commercial drivers in Brazil, increased significantly due to business that shifted from U.S. labs to labs in Brazil and increased demand from commercial laboratories located in Brazil. Neogen Latinoamerica recorded a revenue increase of 44%grew revenues by 13%, with gains across most product lines, in fiscal 2016, which reduced to 20% when converted to dollars. In local currency, Neogen Chinaparticular mycotoxins and culture media, and increased revenues 91% in fiscal 2016, albeit off of a small base, with minimal impact due to currency conversion. On a neutral currency basis, organic growth for the Company for fiscal 2016 was 12% for the Food Safety segment; currency had no impact on organic growth in the Animal Safety segment.

Expressed as a percentage of total sales, international sales in fiscal 2016 were 33.5% compared to 36.7% in fiscal 2015. This decline as a percentage of sales was due in part to the strength of the U.S. dollar, which reduced comparative revenues in the local currency when converted to dollars; international sales were negatively impacted by $7.7 million on a comparative basis for fiscal 2016. Additionally, sales of the Company’s cleanersboth Mexico and disinfectants to international customers declined by 28%, due to dollar strength which made these products less competitive internationally compared to products produced locally, and poor economic conditions in a number of our key international markets.Central America.

Service revenue, which consists primarily of genomics services to animal protein and companion animal markets, was $47.7$74.7 million in fiscal 2016,2019, an increase of 22% compared to12% over prior fiscal year revenues of $39.2 million. The increase for the year was primarily due to increased business with a large customer in the poultry industry, and sales of new proprietary genomic offerings developed for$66.6 million, aided by the acquisitions of Neogen Australasia (September 2017), Livestock Genetics (September 2018) and Delta Genomics (January 2019); organic sales of service revenue increased 9%. The growth was led by increases in sample volumes from the global beef and dairy cattlecompanion animal markets and pork industries for both domesticporcine and international customers. The Company also benefitted from the expansion of its genomics service capabilities at its Ayr, Scotland facilities.bovine markets in Europe.

Gross margins were 47.6% in fiscal 2016, versus 49.3% in fiscal 2015. The decrease was primarily the result of lower gross margins in the Food Safety segment, resulting from adverse currency impacts caused by the strong U.S. dollar, and product mix changes towards products which have lower gross margins within Food Safety. Additionally, a greater proportion of the Company’s overall revenues derived from the Animal Safety segment, which has lower average gross margins than the Food Safety segment. Operating expenses rose 12% in fiscal 2016 compared to 2015; expressed as a percentage of revenues, operating expenses decreased from 30.6% in fiscal 2015 to 30.1% in fiscal 2016; the Company controlled its expense growth while incurring additional amortization and other expenses related to its recent acquisitions.

REVENUES

 

  Year Ended 
  Year Ended       Increase/     Increase/   

(dollars in thousands)

  May 31, 2016   Increase/
(Decrease)
 May 31, 2015   Increase/
(Decrease)
 May 31, 2014   May 31, 2019   (Decrease) May 31, 2018   (Decrease) May 31, 2017 

Food Safety:

                

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues

  $63,269     4 $60,561     0 $60,358    $78,373    7 $72,962    3 $70,926 

Bacterial & General Sanitation

   33,899     15 29,492     20 24,652     41,966    10 38,156    10 34,706 

Dehydrated Culture Media & Other

   48,673     17 41,426     32 31,280  

Culture Media & Other

   49,857    13 44,271    12 39,367 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   25,584    7 23,821    75 13,620 

Genomics Services

   17,694    16 15,267    34 11,415 
  

 

    

 

    

 

 
  

 

    

 

    

 

    213,474    10 194,477    14 170,034 
   145,841     11 131,479     13 116,290  

Animal Safety:

                

Life Sciences

   7,815     (10%)  8,715     16 7,528     7,858    (25)%  10,411    7 9,704 

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables

   42,028     1 41,740     24 33,593     44,582    (7)%  47,749    15 41,693 

Animal Care & Other

   37,074     34 27,606     (9%)  30,366     29,941    (3)%  30,930    11 27,891 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   53,490     17 45,857     25 36,702     66,389    (2)%  67,646    (3)%  69,429 

DNA Testing

   35,027     27 27,677     21 22,926  

Genomics Services

   51,942    11 46,717    18 39,526 
  

 

    

 

    

 

   

 

    

 

    

 

 
   175,434     16 151,595     16 131,115     200,712    (1)%  203,453    8 188,243 
  

 

    

 

    

 

   

 

    

 

    

 

 

Total Revenue

  $321,275     13 $283,074     14 $247,405    $414,186    4 $397,930    11 $358,277 
  

 

    

 

    

 

   

 

    

 

    

 

 

Year Ended May 31, 20162019 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 20152018

The Company’s Food Safety segment revenues were $145.8 millionSafety:

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues –Sales in this category increased 7% in fiscal 2016, an 11% increase2019 compared to the prior year. For the natural toxins and allergens product lines, test kit sales increased 15% and 7%, respectively, for the year. The natural toxin increase predominantly volume related, from organicwas due to new business earned in Brazil for aflatoxin test kits, and higher sales was 6%, with revenues from the BioLumix (October 2014), Lab M (August 2015) and Deoxi (April 2016) acquisitions contributing the remainder of the growth. Sales of Natural Toxins, Allergens and Drug Residues increased 4%deoxynivalenol (DON) test kits in the current fiscal year compared to fiscal 2015. Natural toxin salesU.S. and France, the result of mild outbreaks. These increases were flat with a 10% increase in aflatoxin salespartially offset by a 3%5% decrease in DON sales, due to outbreaks in the prior year which were not repeated in fiscal 2016. Allergen sales increased 20%, as increased consumer awareness continued to grow demand for these products, while sales of drug residueresidues test kits, decreased 5%, caused by currency conversions, as the majority of these sales are invoiceddue to lower demand in euros.Europe.

Bacterial and & General Sanitation revenuesSales in this category increased 15%10% in fiscal 2016, aided by $1.9 million in sales from the October 2014 BioLumix acquisition. Excluding BioLumix sales, the organic increase in these products was 9% over2019 compared to the prior year. TheSales of test kits to detect pathogens increased 24%, as we continued to gain new business with ourListeria Right Now test kit that launched in fiscal 2018. Sales of our AccuPoint sanitation monitoring product line recorded an increase of 18% due to the continued successful introduction of an improved, next generation product line.increased 11%, with samplers up 13%, as we increased our market share. Sales of the Soleris and BioLumix product lines, whichproducts to detect spoilage organisms in foods increased 23% for3%.

Culture Media & Other –Sales in this category increased 13% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. Sales of Neogen Culture Media, formerly marketed as the Acumedia and Lab M brands, increased 7%, aided in part by the August 2018 acquisition of Clarus Labs, which consists of the Colitag product and reports in the culture media product line. Excluding new business from the acquisition, sales in the Neogen Culture Media product line increased 4%. This category also includes forensic test kits sold within Brazil, which increased significantly as business shifted from labs in the U.S. in the prior year (5% organic growth), with revenue(reported in the Animal Safety segment) to labs in Brazil and increased demand from commercial laboratories in that country.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Revenues of products in this category sold through our Food Safety operations increased 7% in fiscal 2019. This category was led by increases in both equipmentsales of cleaners and disposable vials. Pathogendisinfectants to customers in Europe, China and India, partially offset by lower sales increased 4%of insecticides in Brazil due to a large government tender in fiscal 2016 as2018 which did not recur in fiscal 2019.

Genomics Services –Sales of genomics services sold through our Food Safety operations increased 16% in fiscal 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to anhigher sales in the European porcine and bovine markets. We also benefitted from a large,non-recurring research project with the Brazilian government, and the commercialization of a new service offering for a type of cattle specific to the Brazilian market.

Animal Safety:

A high proportion of the Animal Safety products are marketed and sold through our veterinary distributor network; this channel was soft in 2019, with sluggish end market demand, caused in part by increased tariffs and political uncertainties in our markets. We were also negatively impacted by inventory destocking at our largest distributor partners.

Life Sciences –Sales in this category decreased 25% in fiscal 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, as approximately $2.4 million of forensic test kit revenues shifted to our operations in Brazil, which are reported in the Food Safety segment. This testing was performed by commercial labs in the U.S. in the prior fiscal year, but has since moved to commercial labs located in Brazil.

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables –Revenues in this category decreased 7% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. Protective wear and consumables decreased 17%, resulting from poor economic conditions in the commercial dairy production market. Veterinary instruments sales were down 4% for the year, however, this product line had a very strong increase in fiscal 2018, with sales up 23% in that period compared to the prior year. A 19% decline in detectable needles was partially offset by strong increases in disposable syringes and aluminum and poly hub needles.

Animal Care & Other –Sales of these products decreased 3% in fiscal 2019. Wound care and injectable vitamin products were down 13% and 6%, respectively, due to inventory destocking at distributors; dairy supplies that we distribute were down 5%, due to poor economic conditions in the commercial dairy production market. Additionally, we spent more on promotional programs and rebates with distributors, which are recorded as contra revenues within this category, in fiscal 2019 than in the prior year. Partially offsetting these losses were a 12% increase in sales ofListeria test kits our biologics product line, and a 7% increase in supplements and other care products, both due to the commercial lab market.

Dehydrated Culture Media and Other sales increased 17% in fiscal 2016. This category includes $4.8 million of Lab M sales, a business which was acquired in August 2015; excluding the impact of these revenues, the organic increase was 6%. Sales of Acumedia products into the food safety market increased 10% while sales into traditional domestic media markets increased 16%. Genomics service revenuesdemand from end customers in the Company’s international operations (reported within Other) increased 4% while sales of Animal Safety products primarily to customers in Mexico, Central Americacompanion animal and Brazil, also reportedequine markets.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Sales in this category decreased 8% in U.S. dollars, due to the strength of the dollar, poor economic conditions in some of these markets and order timing from large distributors.

The Company’s Animal Safety segment revenues were $175.4 million2% in fiscal 2016, a 16% increase, predominantly volume related, over fiscal 2015. Life Sciences sales decreased 10% in fiscal 2016 after a strong 16% increase in 2015. Sales of forensic kits to commercial labs declined as new testing requirements in Brazil for commercial drivers, originally anticipated to go into effect in late fiscal 2015, were delayed until the 4th quarter of fiscal 2016. Veterinary Instruments and Disposables increased 1%, as market share gains in disposable syringes, up 25%, and animal marking products, up 14%, were almost entirely offset by an 8% decrease in detectable needles, due to large orders in the prior year which did not recur, and an 11% decline in hoof and leg products, due to lower sales of these products to customers in the retail market.

Animal Care and Other product sales rose 34% in fiscal 2016, with the increase primarily the result of a new distribution agreement with a large manufacturer and supplier of dairy equipment, and strong sales of the Company’s line of thyroid replacement therapy for companion animals. Also contributing to growth in the Animal Care product category were increased sales of wound care products, as a key active ingredient which had been on backorder for much of fiscal 2015, became available in fiscal 2016, and veterinary antibiotics, due to a competitor exiting the business. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company was notified that a competitor had been granted approval on a new drug application for a competitive thyroid replacement product, effectively giving them exclusive rights to sell the product. As a result, the Company will be unable to sell its product into the domestic market effective the end of July 2016, until it is granted similar regulatory approval; this approval is expected in fiscal 2018. Sales of this product in fiscal 2016 were $6.6 million.

The Company’s line of Rodenticides, Insecticides and Disinfectants rose 17% in fiscal 2016, compared to the prior year, led by a 58% increase in sales of rodenticides. This increase was in large part the result of an expansion of the Company’s contract manufacturing business with a large marketer of rodenticides to the commercial and residential markets. Additionally, the Company successfully introduced a number of new products into the retail agricultural market, and also benefitted from the continued vole outbreak in the northwestern U.S. Cleaners and disinfectant revenues declined 9% compared to fiscal 2015, primarily due to lower sales to international customers as the strength of the U.S. dollar made the Company’s products less competitive internationally; poor economic conditions in a number of the Company’s key international markets also adversely impacted sales. The Company’s line of insecticides rose 1% in fiscal 2016, as incremental revenues from new product launches were almost entirely offset by lower sales of existing products due to timing of orders and backorders caused by a vendor issue.

DNA Testing Services revenues increased 27% in fiscal 20162019, compared to the same period in the prior year. IncrementalThe decrease was due primarily to the full year impact of toll manufacturing business lost in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018. Additionally, rodenticide sales declined due to poor weather conditions causing lower demand and a weak U.S. animal protein market partially caused by tariff issues.

Genomics Services –Sales in this category increased 11% in fiscal 2019, aided by the acquisitions of Neogen Australasia (September 2017), Livestock Genetics (September 2018) and Delta Genomics (January 2019); organic growth in this category was 7%. Strong growth in the beef cattle and companion animal markets was partially offset by revenue decreases in U.S. poultry and porcine markets, despite increases in sample volumes, resulting from a shift to lower priced chips and services. Additionally, poor economic conditions in the U. S. commercial dairy production market resulted in lower revenues from that market.

Year Ended May 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended May 31, 2017

Food Safety:

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues –Sales in this category increased 3% in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year. For the allergens and dairy drug residues product lines, test kit sales increased 12% and 13%, respectively, for the year. These increases were partially offset by a 26% decrease in sales of deoxynivalenol (DON) test kits, as prior year outbreaks of DON in corn crops in the U.S., Canada and Europe did not recur in fiscal 2018.

Bacterial & General Sanitation –Sales in this category increased 10% in fiscal 2018, led by strong sales of our AccuPoint sanitation monitoring product line which increased 18% on strength in both reader equipment and consumable supplies. Sales of test kits to detect pathogens increased 16%, led by growth inListeria products, including our newListeria Right Now test kit that launched earlier in the fiscal year. Additionally, sales of our product line to detect spoilage organisms in processed foods increased 2%.

Culture Media & Other –Sales in this category increased 12% in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. Sales of Neogen Culture Media, formerly marketed as the Acumedia and Lab M brands, increased 19%, due to continued strength in products manufactured at Lab M in the U.K. and a largenon-recurring order from a U.S. customer. This category also includes sales of forensic test kits sold through our Brazilian subsidiary, which decreased by 39% in fiscal 2018. Demand in fiscal 2017 was extremely high, due to a new requirement for drug testing of commercial truck drivers, however, sales of these kits in Brazil have decreased in fiscal 2018 due to increased competition and customer losses caused by conversion to different testing methods.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Sales of products in this category sold through our Food Safety operations increased 75% in fiscal 2018; excluding the December 2016 acquisitions of Quat-Chem and Rogama, organic growth was 2%. The increase was primarily due to a nonrecurring large sale of insecticides by Rogama to a government health organization. Cleaner and disinfectants sold through Food Safety operations were negatively impacted by termination of a distribution agreement in January 2017, which resulted in a decline in sales for those distributed products of $859,000 in fiscal 2018.

Genomics Services –Sales of genomics services sold through our Food Safety operations increased 34% in fiscal 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to market share increases, particularly in the beef and dairy cattle markets, and incremental business with a large poultry producer, earnedin Europe.

Animal Safety:

Life Sciences –Sales in this category increased 7% in fiscal 2015, was2018 compared to fiscal 2017, due to increased volumes of forensic test kits sold to commercial labs in the primary driver of the growth. The Company also continued to gain market shareU.S.

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables –Revenues in this category increased 15% in fiscal 2016 with its proprietary chip technology, primarily to cattle and pig producers, and grew sample volume particularly with its largest customers. In addition, the canine testing service business grew 17%2018, led by a 20% increase in sales of syringes, as the Company successfully commercializedwe gained new service offerings, developedcustomers in the priorretail and custom solutions markets. Sales of our patented detectable needles increased 23%, aided by strong sales to customers in Europe, including Russia.

Animal Care & Other –Sales of these products increased 11% in fiscal year.

Year Ended May 31, 2015 Compared2018, due to Year Ended May 31, 2014

The Company’s Food Safety segment revenues were $131.5higher sales of PanaKare, our pancreatic replacement therapy, which benefitted from competitor backorders in fiscal 2018. Additionally, results from fiscal 2017 included sales credits totaling $1.1 million in the first quarter as we removed our canine thyroid product from the market, after the FDA approved a new drug application for a competitive product.

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants –Sales in this category decreased 3% in fiscal 2015, a 13% increase2018, compared to the prior year. Sales of Natural Toxins, Allergens and Drug Residues were flatsame period in fiscal 2015 as compared to the prior year. Natural toxin sales increased 5%, with strong sales of DON test kits, up 28% due to outbreaks of this toxin in crops in Eastern Europe, Canada and the U.S. This increase was offset by a 15% decline in aflatoxin test kits due to a difficult comparison to the prior year caused by high demand from aflatoxin outbreaks in Eastern Europe, and relatively clean crops in the current fiscal year relative to that toxin.

Revenues for the Company’s test kits to detect allergens such as milk, gluten, soy, peanut, and egg, among others, in processed foods rose 18%, the result of higher demand resulting from increased recalls due to inadvertent allergenic contamination and higher consumer awareness of the risks of ingesting foods with allergenic components. Included within this category and partially offsetting the gains from allergen products were decreased sales of meat speciation test kits, which declined 40% in fiscal 2015, due to lower levels of testing during the year and competitor entry into the market. Sales of drug residue test kits were down 16% this year, primarily due to currency conversion and lower test kit volumes to customers in Eastern Europe due to delays in the launch of a new product in that region.

Bacterial and General Sanitation revenues increased 20% in fiscal 2015, aided by $4.0 million in revenues from the October 1, 2014 BioLumix acquisition. Excluding BioLumix sales, the increase was 4% over the prior year. The Soleris consumable product line, which consists primarilyJanuary 2017 termination of reagent vials used to detect spoilage organisms such as yeasta distribution agreement with a manufacturer of cleaners and moldsdisinfectants resulted in foods, increased 10%, whilelost sales of the recently-launched next generation AccuPoint environmental reader increased 35%. Ampoule media and filter sales increased 14% compared to the prior fiscal year; the Company continues to gain new customers and market share, primarily in the beverage industry.those distributed products totaling $4.7 million within this category. Partially offsetting these gains was a 43% decline in Soleris equipment sales due to difficult comparisons caused by prior year international placements, which did not repeat in the current fiscal year.

Dehydrated Culture Media and Other sales increased 32% in the current fiscal year. Within this product category, Acumedia sales increased 5% in fiscal 2015. Whileloss, sales of Acumedia products to food safety customersrodenticides increased 10%, this was offset by flat sales to the traditional media market due to lower demand and continuing credit issues at some significant customers. Genomics revenues to European customers (included as Other revenues), increased 57%11% due to market share gains for services andin the sale of new proprietary product offerings. Also includedU.S.

Genomics Services –Sales in this category wereincreased 18% in fiscal 2018; excluding the September 2017 acquisition of Neogen Australasia, organic growth was 11%. The growth was led by increases in sales of Animal Safety products to customers in Mexico and Central America, transferred to the Company’s Neogen Latinoamerica subsidiary which reports in the Food Safety segment, to better serve customers in those locations.

The Company’s Animal Safety segment revenues were $151.6 million in fiscal 2015,global beef and dairy cattle and companion animal markets and higher volumes from a 16% increase over fiscal 2014. Life Sciences sales increased 16% in fiscal 2015 compared to the prior year, led by forensic kit sales to commercial labs to meet new testing requirements in Brazil for commercial drivers. For the year, revenues of Veterinary Instruments and Disposables increased 24%. This product category benefitted from revenues from the SyrVet and Prima Tech acquisitions from fiscal 2014; these product lines were almost entirely veterinary instruments. Excluding these revenues, organic growth in this category was 14% for fiscal 2015, led by sales of detectable needles, which continued to be a strong product line with growth of 29% in fiscal 2015. Partially offsetting some of this growth was the transfer of customers and revenue in Mexico and Central America to Neogen Latinoamerica, in order to more directly serve those customers.

Sales of Animal Care and Other products declined 9% in fiscal 2015; on an organic basis, these sales were down 15%, partially due to the transfer of some customers to Neogen Latinoamerica. Within this category in fiscal 2014, the Company recorded strong sales of a wound care product caused by a supply disruption in the market. This product was available for sale from all competitors in fiscal 2015, and revenues for this product declined. Additionally, sales of a distributed antibiotic declined due to supplier discontinuance of the product. Animal supplements rose by $1.5 million in fiscal 2015, due to strong sales of the Company’s thyroid replacement offering for the canine market.

Rodenticides, Insecticides and Disinfectants sales increased 25% in fiscal 2015, largely the result of revenues gained from the Chem-Tech insecticide business acquisition in January 2014. Excluding the contribution from this acquisition, the organic increase in this category was 4%. Rodenticide sales increased 21%, primarily due to rodent infestations in the northwestern U.S. and the capture of new business. Partially offsetting this growth was a 12% decrease in sales of cleaners and disinfectants, due to unusually high sales in the prior year caused by a porcine virus outbreak, primarily in international markets.

DNA Testing revenues, excluding sales through Neogen Europe, Neogen do Brasil and Neogen China, which are reported in the Food Safety segment, increased 21% in fiscal 2015 as compared to the prior year. Continuing improvements to a number of proprietary service offerings, primarily targeted at dairy and beef cattle markets, helped the Company increase sales to existing customers and gain market share. Additionally, there were strong sales to a newlarge poultry customer in the current fiscal year.customer.

COST OF REVENUES

 

(dollars in thousands)

  2016   Increase 2015   Increase 2014   2019   Increase 2018   Increase 2017 

Cost of Revenues

  $168,211     17 $143,389     15 $124,807    $222,266    5 $211,658    12 $189,353 

Cost of revenues increased 17%5% in fiscal 20162019 and 15%12% in fiscal 20152018 in comparison with the prior years. This compares with revenue increases of 13%4% in fiscal 20162019 and 14%11% in fiscal 2015.2018. Expressed as a percentage of revenues,sales, cost of revenues was 52.4%53.7%, 50.7%53.2% and 50.4%52.9% in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. For

Fiscal 2019 – Both Food Safety and Animal Safety margins decreased in fiscal 2016,2019, primarily due to a product mix shift towards lower margin products within each segment, and to a lesser extent, the strength of the U.S. dollar, which adversely impacted top line revenue with no corresponding declinerose against all of the currencies in productthe countries in which we operate, and resulted in higher cost had the largest impact on the declineof sales in gross margins. In addition, shiftsour international operations, which pay for their inventory in product mix within theU. S. dollars. A higher overall proportion of Food Safety segment, in part the result of acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2015 and 2016, towards products which have lower gross margins than the segment average, and a shift in the proportion of Animal Safety revenues, to the overall revenue of the Company, resulted in the decline in gross margins. For fiscal year 2015, the increase in cost of revenues, expressed as a percentage of sales, and the corresponding decline in gross margin percentage was due to the strength of the U.S. dollar, the overall shift in revenues towards Animal Safety products and product mix shifts within each segment.

Food Safety gross margins were 56.7%, 59.7% and 62.5% in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In fiscal 2016, the lower gross margins resulted primarily from the strength in the U.S. dollar, which resulted in lower revenues and gross margins when international sales, primarily in Europe, Mexico and Brazil, were converted from local currencies to the dollar. All currencies the Company operates in weakened against the dollar in fiscal 2016, pressuring margins in this segment. Additionally, revenues from the acquisition of Lab M, which were at lower average gross margins than the rest of the segment, standard cost adjustments at Neogen Latinoamerica, and other product mix shifts within the segment, negatively impacted gross margins in Food Safety.

Animal Safety gross margins were 40.1%, 40.4% and 38.1% in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For fiscal 2016, improved gross margins from the 58% increase in sales of rodenticides, which have higher than average gross margins, partially offset the lower margins within the segment,each segment.

Fiscal 2018 – Improvements in Animal Safety gross margins, resulting from raw material cost reductions and favorable mix were offset by higher product costs in the Food Safety segment resulting from lower sales of our mycotoxin test kits, which have higher gross margins, and a change in mix caused by the Quat-Chem and Rogama acquisitions. These businesses have product lines with gross margins lower than the average gross margins in this segment. Depreciation expense, resulting from the investment of machinery and equipment at several manufacturing locations, increased $872,000 in fiscal 2018.

Food Safety Gross Margins:

Food Safety gross margins were 51.8%, 52.4% and 55.0% in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Fiscal 2019 –Food Safety gross margins decreased 60 basis points in fiscal 2019,primarily the result of a shift in product mix at our international operations; in fiscal 2019, these operations sold a higher proportion of lower margin traditional Animal Safety products such as cleaners and disinfectants. In addition, gross margins were also negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the international currencies in which we operate, particularly in Brazil, Europe, and Mexico, where the real, pound and peso declined in value against the U.S. dollar by 15%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. These international operations report through the Food Safety segment. Increases in higher margin product lines such as our diagnostic and forensic test kits partially offset these decreases.

Fiscal 2018 – Our fiscal 2018 results reflect the full year impact of lower gross margins onfrom revenues fromcontributed by the dairy distribution business initiated in August 2015, lowerrecent acquisitions of Quat-Chem and Rogama. Excluding these businesses, Food Safety gross margins at GeneSeekwould have been 330 basis points higher in fiscal 2018. Additionally, the decrease in sales of higher margin forensic test kits through our Brazilian subsidiary, due to increased competition, and lower sales of mycotoxin test kits, due to a DON outbreak in the significant increaseprior year which did not recur in poultry business,fiscal 2018, adversely impacted gross margins in this segment.

Animal Safety Gross Margins:

Animal Safety gross margins were 40.6%, 41.4% and 40.1% in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Fiscal 2019 –Animal Safety gross margins decreased 80 basis points in fiscal 2019,primarily the result of lower volumes in higher margin products such as diagnostics, animal care products, instruments and rodenticides. Forensic test kit revenues in Animal Safety declined as a large U.S. commercial laboratory transferred sample testing to its locations in Brazil, which haswe service through our Brazilian operation, reporting in the Food Safety segment. We also had strong growth in sales of genomics services in our Australian operations; gross margins in this operation are lower than average grosshistorical Animal Safety margins within the genomics product line,due to higher chip costs and other product mix shifts within the segment. The improvedlack of scale. Partially offsetting these lower margins were increased margins in the U.S. genomics operations, based primarily on improved input costs and increased sales of higher margin services to the bovine and companion animal markets.

Fiscal 2018 – The improvement in gross margin percentage from fiscal 2015 compared2017 to fiscal 2014 reflect a mix shift towards2018 was primarily due to raw material cost reductions in our genomics business. We also benefitted from increased sales of forensic test kits and other higher margin products and efficiency gains made in a number of the segment’s operating units. Rodenticides had a sales increase of 21% due to a vole infestation in the northwestern U.S., and the Company’s animal supplements product line experienced an increase of 16%, due to strongdecreased sales of lower margin distributed cleaners and disinfectants resulting from the Company’s higher margin thyroid replacement product.termination of a distribution agreement in January 2017.

OPERATING EXPENSES

 

(dollars in thousands)

  2016   Increase 2015   Increase 2014   2019   Increase 2018   Increase 2017 

Sales and Marketing

  $57,599     11 $51,757     11 $46,432    $70,230    5 $66,929    13 $59,380 

General and Administrative

   29,189     16 25,233     3 24,449     40,791    7 38,294    12 34,214 

Research and Development

   9,890     3 9,577     15 8,326     12,805    18 10,855    5 10,385 
  

 

    

 

    

 

 

Total Operating Expense

  $123,826    7 $116,078    12 $103,979 
  

 

    

 

    

 

 

Overall operating expenses increased by 7% in fiscal 2019 and 12% in fiscal 2018, each compared to the prior year. These increases compare to revenue increases of 4% and 11%, respectively, in each comparative period.

Sales and Marketing:

Sales and marketing expenses increased by 11%5% in fiscal 20162019 and 11%13% in fiscal 2015,2018, each compared withto the prior year. As a percentage of sales, sales and marketing expense was 17.9%17.0%, 18.3%16.8% and 18.8%16.6% in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. For fiscal 2016, salaries,

Fiscal 2019– Salaries and commissions increased by 4% in 2019, and travel expenses fordrove the 5% increase in overall sales and marketing group, which is also comprisedexpenses; shipping expenses increased 11%, the result of technical service, customer servicehigher rates and product management personnel,an increase in air shipments. Other increases were the result of higher trade show, exhibit and sponsorship costs, and provision for bad debts. Partially offsetting these increases were lower promotion and consulting expenses.

Fiscal 2018 Salaries and commissions expense rose 13%, primarily on increases9% in staffing.fiscal 2018, while travel expense increased 12%. Other significant expense increases were sales promotions and allowances, based on higher levels of sales to the Company’s largest distributors,include shipping expense, up 13%distributor support and in line with the revenue increase,promotion programs, federal and showsstate product registrations and exhibits, which rose 22%, on increased Company participation in trade shows. In fiscal 2015, salaries and commission expense were the largest increase in this category at 15%, reflectingroyalty expense. Approximately $1.2 million of the increase in personnelsales and revenue. Other significant increases were shippingmarketing expense which was 15% higherresulted from the Quat-Chem, Rogama and commensurate with the increase in revenues,Neogen Australasia acquisitions.

General and other personnel-related expenses, such as fringe benefits and travel.Administrative:

General and administrative expenses increased 16%rose 7% in fiscal 20162019 compared to fiscal 20152018 and by 3%12% in fiscal 20152018 compared to fiscal 2014. The increases2017. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expense was 9.8%, 9.6% and 9.5% in fiscal years 20162019, 2018 and 2015, respectively, are2017, respectively.

Fiscal 2019 – Higher salary and stock-based compensation costs were the primary drivers of the overall 7% expense increase. In addition, higher depreciation and license fees onIT-related hardware and software investments, increased training, recruiting and legal fees contributed to the increased expense. These increases were somewhat offset by a $427,000 reduction in amortization expense, as certain intangible assets from past acquisitions were fully amortized during the year.

Fiscal 2018 – The 12% increase was primarily the result of higher salaries, due to increased salaries, higher stock option expenseadditional headcount as well as compensation increases. Higher legal and increasedprofessional fees and additional amortization of intangible assets, resulting fromdue to our recent acquisitions, also contributed to the Company’s recent acquisitions. In addition, legalincrease compared to fiscal 2017.

Research and professional fees rose by $425,000 in fiscal 2016, the result of higher levels of acquisition activity. In fiscal 2015, legal expenses declined by $1.2 million, or 73%, primarily related to a lawsuit that was settled in October 2014; this decrease muted the overall increase in this category for that period.Development:

Research and development expenses increased 3%18% in fiscal 20162019 and 5% in fiscal 2018, each compared to fiscal 2015 and 15%the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, these expenses were 3.1% in fiscal 2015 comparedyear 2019, 2.7% in fiscal year 2018 and 2.9% in fiscal year 2017; we expect to spend approximately 3% of total revenue on research and development annually.

Fiscal 2019 – The 18% increase in research and development expenses in fiscal 2014.2019 was primarily the result of development spending for next generation products, and increases in expenditures to obtain regulatory approvals for a number of new products. Higher salaries expense, resulting from both increases in base wages as well as increased headcount and compensation increases, and increased depreciation expense, resulting from investments in development activities, areanalytical and testing equipment, accounted for the driversremainder of the increase. These increases

Fiscal 2018 – In fiscal 2018, higher compensation costs were partially offset by lower levels of consulting and other outside services. In fiscal 2015, the increase in expense was primarily due to higher salaries, resulting from increased headcount needed to support the Company’s product development efforts, and outside services and lab supplies, due to higher levels of commercialization activities. As a percentage of revenue, these expenses were 3.1% in fiscal year 2016 and 3.4% in fiscal years 2015 and 2014; the Company expects to continue to spend 3% to 4% of total revenue on research and development annually. For those products requiring support by research and development, which are primarily Food Safety diagnostics products, the Company has spent approximately 6% of revenues for the past three years on its research and development efforts.

OPERATING INCOME

 

(dollars in thousands)

  2016   Increase 2015   Increase 2014   2019   Increase 2018   Increase 2017 

Operating Income

  $56,386     6 $53,118     22 $43,391    $68,094    -3 $70,194    8 $64,945 

The Company’sOur operating income increaseddecreased by 6%3% in fiscal 20162019 compared to fiscal 2015,2018, and increased by 22%8% in fiscal 20152018 compared to fiscal 2014.2017. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, itoperating income was 17.6%16.4%, 18.8%17.6% and 17.5%18.1% in fiscal years 2016, 20152018, 2017 and 2014,2016, respectively.

The 6%3% decrease in operating income for fiscal 2019 was due primarily to overall operating expense increases of $7.7 million, up 7%, which compared to a gross margin increase of $5.6 million.

The 8% increase in operating income for fiscal 2018 was due to the 11% increase in sales, offset by slightly lower gross margins due to product mix shifts, and operating expenses which rose by 12% over fiscal 2017.

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

Other Income (Expense) for the previous three fiscal years consisted of the following:

(dollars in thousands)  2019   2018   2017 

Interest income (net of expense)

  $4,683   $2,043   $838 

Foreign currency transactions

   (1,279   274    (40

Royalty income

   150    147    171 

Licenses and insurance settlements

   672    360    660 

Quat-Chem contingent consideration

   422    255    —   

Deoxi contingent consideration

   (10   (42   (14

Neogen India contingent consideration

   —      —      32 

Other

   227    234    81 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Other Income ( Expense)

  $4,865   $3,271   $1,728 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The increase in interest income in fiscal 2016 was due primarilyyears 2019 and 2018, each compared to the 13% increaseprior year, is the result of higher cash balances and rising interest rates during thetwo-year period. The loss from foreign currency translations in revenues and lower rates of increases in operating expenses, partially offset by the 170 basis point reduction in gross margin expressed as a percentage of revenues, which wasfiscal 2019 is primarily the result of the adverse currency impactchanges in the value of foreign currencies relative to the stronger U.S. dollar and mix shifts within and between segments. The Company controlled its expense growth while incurring additional amortization and other expenses relating to its recent acquisitions.

In fiscal 2015, the 22% increase in operating income was due to the 14% increase in revenues and lower increases in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses, partially offset by the slight reduction in gross margin expressed as a percentage of revenues. The Company was able to increase revenues at a faster rate than expense growth in these categories due to efficiencies of scale gained from recent acquisitions.

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

(dollars in thousands)

  2016   Increase/
(Decrease)
   2015   Increase/
(Decrease)
   2014 

Operating Income (Expense)

  $(873)     16%    $(1,042)     (189%)    $(360)  

Other Income (Expense) consists principally of royalty income, interest income from investing the Company’s excess cash balances, the impact of foreign currency transactions, adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities relating to acquisitions, and other miscellaneous items.

In fiscal 2016, Other Expense primarily consisted of losses on foreign currency translations of $1,338,000, the result of all foreign currenciescountries in which we operate devaluingoperate; the dollar strengthened against the U.S. dollar. In addition, the Company recognized interest incomeall of $322,000, and royalty income of $217,000.

these currencies in 2019. In fiscal 2015,2019 and 2018, gains were recognized on insurance proceeds received for property loss settlements; in fiscal 2017, we terminated a licensing agreement and recognized a gain of $660,000. Other Income (Expense) primarily consistedin fiscal 2019 and 2018 included the adjustment of losses on foreign currency translations of $1,124,000, the result of the stronger U.S. dollar during the year. In addition, the Company recognized interest income of $228,000, royalty income of $150,000Quat-Chem and net expense of $297,000 resulting fromDeoxi contingent consideration payments made during the year for prior year acquisitions. The contingent consideration adjustments consisted of $241,000 of income for SyrVet, $454,000 of expense for Prima Tech, and $84,000 of expense for Chem-Tech; these adjustments were the difference between the liability recorded at the initial purchase of each business and the actual payment made to the former owners, and were based on the level of achievement of sales goalsrevenue targets for the first twelve monthsacquired businesses in each of the Company’s ownership.

Inthose fiscal 2014, Other Income (Expense) consisted primarily of losses on foreign currency translations of $717,000, partially offset by $231,000 in royalty income and $115,000 in interest income.years.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

(dollars in thousands)

  2016   Increase   2015   Increase   2014   2019   Increase 2018   Increase 2017 

Provision for Income Taxes

  $18,975     3%    $18,500     23%    $15,000    $12,783    25 $10,250    -55 $22,700 

TheIncome tax expense for fiscal 2019 was $12.8 million, an effective tax rate was 34.2% of pretax17.5%, compared to income tax expense of $10.3 million in 2018, an effective tax rate of 14.0%. For fiscal 2016, 35.5% in fiscal 2015 and 34.9% in fiscal 2014. Differences in2017, income tax expense of $22.7 million represented an effective tax rate of 34.0%.

The U.S. Tax Act reduced the statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% in December 2017. During fiscal 2019, we utilized the 35%21% statutory corporate rate werefor the entire year to compute our income tax expense, whereas the statutory rate in fiscal 2018 was a blended rate of 29.2% and fiscal 2017 was calculated using the previous statutory rate of 35%.

Differences from the U. S. statutory rate to our effective rate are primarily due to increases from international taxesprovisions in the U.S. Tax Act and the provisionexercise of stock options. Please refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for state taxes, offset by tax credits related to domestic manufacturing and research and development activities. The effective tax rate declined in fiscal 2016 due primarily to amendments filed for the fiscal 2012, 2013 and 2014 federal income tax returns and an adjustment for fiscal 2015 relating to credits claimed for research and development activities. The Company engaged a third party in fiscal 2016 to perform a study of its research and development activities, and credits originally claimed thereon, for these prior annual periods. Based on the results of the study, the Company revised its calculations for its research and development activities for those periods, resulting in higher tax credits. The effective tax rate increased in fiscal 2015 from fiscal 2014 due to increased state tax expense resulting from the Company’s presence in additional states due to recent acquisitions and a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets at Neogen do Brasil.more information.

NET INCOME AND INCOME PER SHARE

 

(dollars in thousands-except per share data)

  2016   Increase   2015   Increase   2014   2019   Increase 2018   Increase 2017 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $36,564     9%    $33,526     19%    $28,158    $60,176    -5 $63,145    44 $43,793 

Net Income Per Share-Basic

   0.98       0.91       0.77    $1.16    $1.23    $0.87 

Net Income Per Share-Diluted

   0.97       0.90       0.76    $1.15    $1.21    $0.86 

Net income decreased by 5% in fiscal 2019 as compared to fiscal 2018. This is due to the increase in our effective tax rate in fiscal 2019 and, to a lesser extent, a 1% decrease inpre-tax income.

Net income increased by 9%44% in fiscal 20162018, significantly aided by U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017 and increased by 19%a change in fiscal 2015, each compared with the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, net income was 11.4% in fiscal 2016, 11.8% in fiscal 2015 and 11.4% in fiscal 2014.accounting for stock-based compensation.

FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS

Neogen Corporation’s future operating results involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in this report. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Management’s ability to grow the business in the future depends upon itsour ability to successfully implement various strategies, including:

 

developing, manufacturing and marketing new products with new features and capabilities;capabilities, and having those new products successfully accepted in the marketplace;

 

expanding the Company’sour markets by fostering increased use of Companyour products by customers;

 

maintaining or increasing gross and net operating margins in changing cost environments;

 

strengthening operations and sales and marketing activities in geographies outside of the U.S.;

 

developing and implementing new technology development strategies; and

 

identifying and completing acquisitions that enhance existing product categories or create new products or services.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

On May 31, 2016, the Company2019, we had $55.3$41.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, $52.5$225.8 million in marketable securities and working capital of $221.4$411.3 million. For the year ended May 31, 2016,2019, cash generated from operating activities was $35.3$63.8 million, compared to the $43.8$69.1 million generated in fiscal 2015;2018; proceeds from stock option exercises provided an additional $12.4$17.0 million of cash. For the same period, additions to property and equipment were $14.7 million and business acquisitions used cash of $14.2 million and $42.5 million, respectively. The Company has$6.4 million. We have a financing agreement with a bank providing for an unsecured revolving line of credit of $12.0$15.0 million, which expires onwas amended in November 2018 to extend the expiration to September 1, 2017.30, 2021. There were no advances against this line of credit during fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, and no balance outstanding at May 31, 20162019 and 2015.2018.

Accounts receivable at May 31, 2016 increased $8.42019 were $82.6 million, or 14%, compared to balances$79.1 million at May 31, 2015,2018; the increase is primarily due to the increase in revenues. Days sales outstanding, a measurement of the time it takes to collect receivables, decreased from 63 days at May 31, 2015 towas 61 days at May 31, 2016.2019 compared to 60 days at May 31, 2018. All customer accounts are actively managed and no losses in excess of amounts reserved are currently expected.

Inventory balances were $64.4$86.0 million at May 31, 2016,2019, an increase of $12.8$10.0 million, or 25%13%, compared to $51.6$76.0 million at May 31, 2015. Approximately $4.0 million2018. During fiscal 2019, we increased inventory levels of products that are sold into our European markets, to enhance our ability to serve these markets in the event of a disorderly Brexit. While Brexit has been postponed to October 2019, we will continue to monitor and adjust our inventory levels as necessary. Excluding the impacts of the increase was from acquisitions completed during fiscal 2016, primarily relatingrelated to Lab M and Preserve/Tetradyne; an additional $1.0 million of the increase is dueBrexit, inventory levels rose 8%. All operations are participating in programs to the dairy distribution agreement entered intoimprove inventory turns in fiscal 2016. The Company also increased inventory levels at its other operations to support the increases in revenues, and to ensure2020, while ensuring adequate safety stocks to minimize backorders. The Company continues to identify and rationalize redundant product offerings resulting from recent acquisitions.

Neogen has been consistently profitable from operations and has generated positivestrong cash flow approximating its net income, from operations during each of the past three fiscal years 2014, 2015 and 2016.years. However, the Company’sour cash on hand and current borrowing capacity may not be sufficient to meet the Company’sour cash requirements to commercialize products currently under development or its potentialour future plans to acquire additional businesses, technology and products that fit within the Company’sour strategic plan. Accordingly, the Companywe may be required, or may choose, to issue equity securities or enter into other financing arrangements for a portion of itsour future capital needs.

The Company is

We are subject to certain legal and other proceedings in the normal course of business that have not had, and, in the opinion of management, are not expected to have, a material effect on itsour results of operations or financial position.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The Company hasAs of May 31, 2019, we have the following contractual obligations due by period:

 

(in thousands)  Total   Less than
one year
   1-3 years   3-5 years   More than
5 years
 
      Less than           More than 

(dollars in thousands)

  Total   1 year   1-3 years   3-5 years   5 years 

Long-Term Debt

  $0    $0    $0    $0    $0    $—     $—     $—     $—     $—   

Operating Leases

   1,144     541     485     118     0     2,320    1,112    1,106    102    —   

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

   50,091     50,091     0     0     0  

Unconditional Purchase Obligations (1)

   54,583    50,410    3,231    934    8 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $51,235    $50,632    $485    $118    $0    $56,903   $51,522   $4,337   $1,036   $8 

(1)

Unconditional purchase obligations are primarily purchase orders for future inventory and capital equipment purchases.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See discussion of any New Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements.consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

The Company hasWe have interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk exposure but no long-term fixed rate investments or borrowings. The Company’sOur primary interest rate risk is due to potential fluctuations of interest rates for variable rate borrowings (no borrowings at May 31, 2016) and short-term investments.

Foreign exchange risk exposure arises because the Company marketswe market and sells itssell our products throughout the world. Revenues in certain foreign countries as well as certain expenses related to those revenues are transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company’sOur operating results are exposed to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the British pound sterling, the euro, the Mexican peso, the Brazilian real, the Chinese yuan, the Australian dollar and to a lesser extent, the Indian rupee and the Canadian dollar.dollar; there is also exposure to a change in exchange rate between the British pound sterling and the euro. When the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the dollar value of revenues denominated in foreign currencies increases. When the U.S. dollar strengthens, the opposite situation occurs. Additionally, previously recognized revenuesinvoiced amounts can be positively or negatively affected by changes in exchange rates in the course of collection can be affected positively or negatively by changes in exchange rates. The Company usescollection. We use derivative financial instruments to help manage the economic impact of fluctuations in certain currency exchange rates. These contracts are adjusted to fair value through earnings.

Neogen has assets, liabilities and operations outside of the United States,U.S., located in Scotland, England,the United Kingdom, Brazil, Mexico, China, India, Canada and CanadaAustralia where the functional currency is the British pound sterling, Brazilian real, Mexican peso, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, Canadian dollar and CanadianAustralian dollar, respectively, and also transacts business throughout Europe in the euro. The Company’sOur investments in foreign subsidiaries are considered to be long-term. As discussed in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.

 

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

The response to this item is submitted in a separate section of this report starting on pageF-1.

 

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE—NONE

 

ITEM 9A.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’sour management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’sour disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule13a-15 (e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of May 31, 2016.2019. Based on and as of the time of such evaluation, the Company’s Management,our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’sour disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure the information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules13-a-15(f) and15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’sour management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation was conducted as to the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016,2019, based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 31, 2016.2019. The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016,2019 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its attestation report, which is included on the following page and is incorporated into this Item 9A by reference.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting were identified as having occurred during the quarteryear ended May 31, 20162019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Lansing, Michigan

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries’Corporation’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016,2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2019, based on the COSO criteria)criteria. Neogen Corporation

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of May 31, 2019 and Subsidiaries’2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2019, and the related notes and our report dated July 30, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Overover Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016, and our report dated July 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Grand Rapids, Michigan

July 29, 2016

30, 2019

ITEM 9B.

OTHER INFORMATION – NONE

PART III

 

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information regarding the Company and certain corporate governance matters appearing under the captions “Election of Directors”,Directors,” “Audit Committee”,Committee,” and “Miscellaneous-Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s 20162019 proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2016.2019.

The Company hasWe have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all of itsour directors, officers and employees. The Company has made a copy of thisThis Code of Conduct is available on its Websiteour website at http://www.neogen.com/Corporate/pdf/CodeOfConduct.pdf.

OFFICERS AND OTHER KEY INDIVIDUALS OF THE REGISTRANTInformation About Our Executive Officers

The officers of Neogen are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The names and titles of the Company’sour officers as of May 31, 2019 are set forth below.

 

Name  Position with the Company  Year Joined
the Company
 

Edward L. BradleyJohn E. Adent

  Vice

President Food Safety& Chief Executive Officer

   19952017 

Richard E. CalkStewart W. Bauck, D.V.M., Ph.D.

  

Vice President, & Chief Operating OfficerAgrigenomics

   20142012 

Joseph A. Corbett

  

Vice President, Animal Safety Sales & Operations

   1993

Robert S. Donofrio, Ph.D.

Vice President, Food Safety Research & Development

2016

Shane M. Fitzwater

Vice President, Animal Safety Operations

2018

Jerome L. Hagedorn

Vice President, Food Safety Operations

2018 

James L. Herbert

  

Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer

   1982 

Melissa K. Herbert

  

Vice President, Support Services

   2005 

Kenneth V. Kodilla

Vice President, Manufacturing2003

Jason W. Lilly, Ph.D., MBA

  

Vice President, Corporate DevelopmentInternational Business

   2005 

Terri A. Morrical

  

Vice President, Animal Safety

   1992

Mark A. Mozola, Ph.D.

Vice President, Research & Development2001 

Steven J. Quinlan

  

Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

   2011 

Jennifer A. Rice, D.V.M, Ph.D.

Vice President & Senior Research Director2008

Dwight E. Schroedter

Vice President, Animal Safety Manufacturing1995

Melissa K. Herbert, Vice President, Support Services, is the daughter of James L. Herbert, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer.Board.

Information concerning the executive officers of Neogen follows:

Edward L. Bradley,John E. Adent, age 56,51, joined the Company in February 1995Neogen as part of its acquisition of AMPCOR Diagnostics, Inc, where heChief Executive Officer on July 17, 2017. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Adent served as the Chief Executive Officer of Animal Health International, Inc., formerly known as Lextron, Inc., from 2004 to 2015, also serving as its President during that time. Animal Health International was sold to Patterson Companies, Inc. in 2015, and Mr. Adent served as the Chief Executive Officer of the $3.3 billion Animal Health Division of Patterson Animal Health from that period until his resignation on July 1, 2017. Mr. Adent began his career with management responsibilities for Ralston Purina Company, developing animal feed manufacturing and sales operations in China and the Philippines. When Ralston Purina spun off that business to Agribrands, he continued his management role in the European division in Spain and Hungary, serving as managing director of the Hungarian operations. He left Ralston Purina in 2004.

Dr. Stewart W. Bauck, age 61, joined Neogen in 2012 as our Director of Beef Cattle Genomics, and became General Manager of Neogen’s genomics operation in Lincoln, NE in 2013. In December 2016, Dr. Bauck was named Neogen’s Vice President of SalesAgrigenomics, responsible for the operation and Marketing. In June 1996, he was named a Vice Presidentexecution of Neogen. In June 2006, Mr. Bradley was named Vice President, Food Safety. From 1988 to 1995, Mr. Bradley served in several sales and marketing capacities for Mallinckrodt Animal Health, including the position of National Sales Manager in its Food Animal Products Division.our genomics strategy. Prior to joining Mallinckrodt,Neogen, Bauck spent 15 years with Merial, Inc., where he held several salescreated and marketing positionslaunched the Igenity livestock production business. Igenity was acquired by Neogen from Merial in May 2012. Dr. Bauck’s experience also includes various responsibilities in technical services and management for Stauffer Chemical Company.Merck AgVet, and earlier in his career, he owned and operated his own private veterinary practice with a major emphasis on food-producing animals.

Richard E. Calk Jr., age 53, joined the Company as President and Chief Operating Officer in December 2014. He joined the Company after gaining extensive experience in a variety of senior leadership positions, including for food ingredient companies CP Kelco, Roquette America, and DSM Food Specialties. Mr. Calk has specialized in leading the resurgence of various companies’ brands by helping to modify simple food commodities to become value-added specialty ingredients to be used in foods and other products, and then expanding the global reach of those value-added ingredients. His experience includes establishing new operations throughout Asia, Europe, North and South America.

Joseph A. Corbett, age 47,50, joined Neogen in December 1993 as a sales representative in the Animal Safety operation based in Lexington, Kentucky. Prior to Neogen, he worked for the Marriott Corporation in sales and operations. He has served in various sales, marketing and operational roles in the Neogen Animal Safety group. Most recently, Mr. Corbett was Senior Director of Sales & Operations, Animal Safety and was responsible for all Animal Safety revenues excluding GeneSeek and Life Sciences.segment. He was named Vice President, Animal Safety Sales and Operations in October 2014.

2014, responsible for all Animal Safety revenues, excluding Genomics and Life Sciences.

Dr. Robert S. Donofrio, age 46, joined Neogen in February 2016 as Director of Microbiology Research and Development, and was promoted to Director of Food Safety Research and Development in December 2016. In April 2018, Dr. Donofrio was named Vice President of Food Safety Research and Development. Prior to joining Neogen, he worked for 15 years at NSF International in various positions including Director of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and Director of Applied Research. At Neogen, Dr. Donofrio is responsible for our food safety research activities in the U.S., Scotland and England.

Shane M. Fitzwater, age 45, joined Neogen in April 2018 as Vice President of Animal Safety Operations. In his role, Mr. Fitzwater is responsible for manufacturing, quality systems, supply chain, shipping and warehousing for our Animal Safety operations, excluding Genomics. Prior to joining Neogen, he spent 18 years in positions of increasing responsibility at Ecolab, Inc., including five years as Ecolab’s Vice President of Supply Chain, Global Specialty Sector. Mr. Fitzwater managed Ecolab’s global supply chain for a $750 million business unit with worldwide manufacturing and logistics operations. Before being named a vice president, he spent four years as a director of operations at Ecolab, managing a group of 450 employees and an annual operating budget of $40 million.

Jerome L. Hagedorn, age 53, joined Neogen in April 2018 as Vice President of Food Safety Operations. In the role, Mr. Hagedorn is responsible for the manufacturing, supply chain, shipping and warehousing, production engineering and quality systems for Neogen’s Food Safety operations. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Hagedorn spent the past eight years as Vice President of Operations at Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. At Siemens, he was responsible for multiple plant operations, including diagnostic instrument manufacturing and new product introduction. Prior to joining Siemens, Mr. Hagedorn held a variety of senior level positions over a 20 year career, including Director of Manufacturing at Bayer Healthcare in Indiana, Director of Lean Manufacturing at Invensys in Ohio, and Manager of Automated Manufacturing at Siemens Electronic Components in Mexico.

James L. Herbert, age 76, has79, is Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director of Strategic Growth. He had been Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company since he joined Neogen in June 1982. He served as President from June 1982 through June 2006. From 1999 to 2001 he wasExecutive Chairman of the Company’s Board;Board since 2006; he resigned as Chief Executive Officer on July 17, 2017, when John Adent was named to that role, and was again namedfrom his role as Executive Chairman on January 29, 2019, when his executive responsibilities were transitioned to Mr. Adent. Prior to 2006, he had been President and a Director since he founded the Company in June 2006.1982. Mr. Herbert previously held the position of Corporate Vice President of DeKalb Ag Research, a major agricultural genetics and energy company. He has management experience in animal biologics, specialized chemical research, medical instruments, aquaculture, animal nutrition, and poultry and livestock breeding and production.

Melissa K. Herbert, age 52,55, joined the CompanyNeogen in August 2005 as a sales representative in the Company’sour Food Safety Division in Lansing, Michigan. In 2011, Ms. Herbert was named Manager of Industry Affairs, with oversight of regulatory issues for both the Food and Animal Safety divisions,segments, and in June 2013, Director of Industry Affairs. She was named Vice President, Support Services in October 2015. Support Services is focused on reinforcement of efforts of Neogen’s Food and Animal Safety Commercial Teams, specifically in the areascomprised of Technical Service, Regulatory Affairs and Industry Affairs.

Kenneth V. Kodilla, age 59, joined Neogen in November 2003 as Vice President of Manufacturing. He has responsibility for all manufacturing, inventory management, shipping and quality system operations for the Company’s Food Safety Division in Lansing, Michigan. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Kodilla served as plant manager for Facet Technologies in Atlanta, Georgia from 2001, as Manufacturing Manager for Becton Dickinson and Difco Laboratories from 1988, and as Quality Manager for Lee Laboratories from 1984. Mr. Kodilla’s manufacturing and regulatory experience includes FDA/ISO regulated Class and diagnostic reagents and devices, high volume automated assembly and packaging, materials management and plant operations.Affairs departments.

Dr. Jason W. Lilly, age 42,45, joined the CompanyNeogen in June 2005 as Market Development Manager for Food Safety. In June 2009, he beganmoved to work in the Corporate Development group. He was named Vice President of Corporate Development in December 2011.2011, responsible for the identification and acquisition of new business opportunities for the Company. In January 2019, Dr. Lilly was named Vice President of International Business, responsible for Neogen’s operations outside of the U.S. and Canada. Prior to joining Neogen, he served in various technical sales and marketing roles at Invitrogen Corporation. Dr. Lilly’s technical knowledge and business acumen provides the Company with a strong combination of merger and acquisition skills.

Terri A. Morrical, age 51,54, joined Neogen onin September 1, 1992 as part of the Company’sour acquisition of WTT, Incorporated. She has directed most aspects of the Company’sour Animal Safety operations since she joined Neogen and currently serves as Vice President in charge of all ofresponsible for the Company’s Animal Safety operationssegment, excluding GeneSeek.Genomics. From 1986 to 1991, Ms. Morrical was Controller for Freeze Point Cold Storage Systems and concurrently served in the same capacity for Powercore, Inc. In 1990, she joined WTT, Incorporated as VP/CFO and then became President, the position she held at the time Neogen acquired the business.

Dr. Mark A. Mozola, age 60, became Neogen’s Vice President of Research and Development in 2001 following the Company’s acquisition of Gene-Trak Systems. He served in various technical and managerial positions at Gene-Trak Systems for 16 years, most recently as General Manager. He has also served as a Laboratory Director for Silliker Laboratories. Dr. Mozola’s particular technical expertise is in the area of development of modern, rapid methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Dr. Mozola retired on October 30, 2015.

Steven J. Quinlan, age 53,56, joined Neogen in January 2011 as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He was named Secretary in October 2011. He is responsible for all internal and external financial reporting for Neogen, and manages the accounting, human resources and information technology departments. Mr. Quinlan came to the CompanyNeogen following 19 years at Detrex Corporation (1992-2010), the last eight years serving as Vice President-Finance, CFO and Treasurer. He was Corporate Controller at Detrex from 1998-2001, and was Divisional Controller for a number of Detrex operating businesses from 1992-1997. Prior to joining Detrex, Mr. Quinlan was employed by Ford Motor Company from 1989 through 1991 as a Cost Analyst. He was on the audit staff at the public accounting firm Price Waterhouse (now PriceWaterhouseCoopers)PWC) from 1985-1989.

Dr. Jennifer A. Rice, age 55, joined the Company in February 2009 as Senior Scientific Officer. In October 2010, she was named Vice President and Senior Research Director and has responsibility to manage and lead Neogen’s research and development team. Prior to joining Neogen, Dr. Rice served as Animal Health Global Product Development Leader at Dow AgroSciences. From 1996 to 2004, she held Research Director Positions at Biocor Animal Health (2001-2004) and Merial Animal Health (1996-2001). Dr. Rice’s strong background in leading large global research and development teams brings a key management skill to Neogen.

Dwight E. Schroedter, age 59, joined Neogen in January 1995 as the Research and Development Manager of the Animal Safety Division based in Lexington, Kentucky. He has served in a variety of technical, operational and sales roles as part of the Animal Safety Division and was named Vice President, Animal Safety Manufacturing in October 2014. Prior to joining Neogen, Mr. Schroedter managed the antibody development laboratory for the Ames Division of Miles, Incorporated.

ITEM 11.ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2016.2019.

 

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS, MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2016.

2019.

ITEM 13.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2016.2019.

 

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this itemItem is incorporated by reference to Neogen’s Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days of May 31, 2016.2019.

PART IV

 

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) (1) and (2) and (c). The response to this portion of ITEM 15 is submitted as a separate section of this report.report starting on pageF-1.

(a) (3). The Exhibits, listed on the accompanying ExhibitsExhibit Index on page 37, is40, are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 16.

FORM10-K SUMMARY — NONE

Neogen Corporation

Annual Report on Form10-K

Year Ended May 31, 20162019

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

EXHIBIT NO.

  

DESCRIPTION

  3.1  Restated Articles of Incorporation, as restatedamended on November  20, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) tothe exhibit filed with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q dated November 30, 2011) filed December 28, 2018).
  3.2  By-Laws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q dated February 29, filed April 14, 2000).
10.1  Neogen Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-122110) filed January 18, 2005).
10.2Neogen Corporation 2007 Stock Option Plan as amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Registrant’s 2011 Proxy Statement August 31, 2011 filed September 1, 2011).
10.310.2  Neogen Corporation 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s 2015 Proxy Statement dated and filed August 29,28, 2015).
10.3Neogen Corporation 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s 2018 Proxy Statement dated and filed August 28, 2018).
10.4  LineAmended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of Credit Note (Facility A) dated MayNovember  30, 20142018 between Registrant and JPMorgan Chase N.A. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3Exhibit 10.A to the registrant’s form 10-KForm8-K filed in July 2014)on December 6, 2018).
10.521  Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Registrant and JPMorgan Chase N.A.. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s form 10-K filed in July 2014).Listing of Subsidiaries
21.023  Listing of Subsidiaries
23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm BDO USA, LLP.LLP
24.124  Power of Attorney
31.1  Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer.Officer
31.2  Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer.Officer
32  Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS  XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 NEOGEN CORPORATION

By:

/s/ John E. Adent                                         

By:

/s/Steven J. Quinlan                                     

 /s/ James L. Herbert                          /s/ Steven J. Quinlan                        
John E. Adent, President & Chief 

James L. Herbert, Chairman &

 Steven J. Quinlan, Vice President &
 

Chief

Executive Officer

 Chief Financial Officer
 

(Principal Executive Officer)

 (Principal AccountingExecutive Officer)(Principal Financial Officer)

Dated: July 29, 201630, 2019

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

    

Title

  

Date

/s/ James L. HerbertJohn E. Adent

James L. HerbertJohn E. Adent

   Chairman of the Board of DirectorsPresident & Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)  July 29, 2016

/s/ Richard E. Calk

Richard E. Calk

President & Chief Operating OfficerJuly 29, 201630, 2019

/s/ Steven J. Quinlan

Steven J. Quinlan

   Vice President & Chief Financial Officer (Principal AccountingFinancial Officer)  July 29, 201630, 2019

*

William T. Boehm/s/ James L. Herbert

   DirectorChairman of the Board  July 30, 2019

*

A. Charles Fischer

James L. Herbert
   Director

*

Ronald D. Green

Director

*

G. Bruce Papesh

Director

*

Jack C. Parnell

Director

*

Thomas H. Reed

Director  

*

   Director
William T. Boehm, Ph.D.  

Clayton K. Yeutter*

   Director
James C. Borel

*

Director
Ronald D. Green, Ph.D.

*

Director
G. Bruce Papesh

*

Director
Jack C. Parnell

*

Director
Thomas H. Reed

*

Director
James P. Tobin

*

Director
Darci L. Vetter  

 

*By:  /s/ James L. HerbertJohn E. Adent           
 James L. Herbert, John E. Adent,Attorney-in-fact                   July 29, 201630, 2019

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM10-K

ITEM 15 (a)(1)(2) (3), (b) and (c)

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 20162019

NEOGEN CORPORATION

LANSING, MICHIGAN

FORM10-K—ITEM 15(a)(1) AND (2) AND 15(c)

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following consolidated financial statements of Neogen Corporation and subsidiaries are included below and incorporated in ITEM 8:

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  

Consolidated Balance Sheets—May 31, 20162019 and 20152018

  

Consolidated Statements of Income—Years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 20142017

  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—Years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 20142017

  

Consolidated Statements of Equity— Years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 20142017

  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows— Years ended May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 20142017

  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  

Schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.

FORM10-K – ITEM 15 (a) (3) AND (b)

A list of Exhibits required to be filed as a part of this report is set forth in the Exhibit Index, which immediately followsprecedes the signature page, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Lansing, Michigan

Opinion on theConsolidatedFinancial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Neogen Corporation (the “Company”) and Subsidiaries (the Company)subsidiaries as of May 31, 20162019 and 2015, and2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016. These2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)statements”). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Neogen Corporation and Subsidiariesthe Company at May 31, 20162019 and 2015,2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016,2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries’the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016,2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control – Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)(“COSO”) and our report dated July 29, 201630, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

Grand Rapids, Michigan

July 29, 201630, 2019

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – Assets

(in thousands)

 

  May 31   May 31 
  2016   2015   2019   2018 

Assets

        

Current Assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

  $55,257    $66,061    $41,688   $83,074 

Marketable securities

   52,539     48,103     225,836    127,736 

Accounts receivable, less allowance of $1,500 and $1,300 at May 31, 2016 and 2015

   67,652     59,208  

Accounts receivable, less allowance of $1,700 and $1,550 at May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

   82,582    79,086 

Inventories

   64,371     51,601     85,992    76,005 

Deferred income taxes

   1,775     1,991  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   8,407     4,231     13,431    9,888 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Current Assets

   250,001     231,195     449,529    375,789 

Property and Equipment

        

Land and improvements

   2,659     2,296     5,324    4,730 

Buildings and improvements

   33,417     26,925  

Building and improvements

   46,205    44,008 

Machinery and equipment

   56,470     46,794     82,752    74,911 

Furniture and fixtures

   3,068     2,691     3,895    3,568 

Construction in progress

   1,057     783     2,294    2,654 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
   96,671     79,489     140,470    129,871 

Less accumulated depreciation

   41,988     35,016     65,623    56,802 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net Property and Equipment

   54,683     44,473     74,847    73,069 

Other Assets

        

Goodwill

   88,506     70,119     103,619    99,558 

Other non-amortizable intangible assets

   9,170     9,020     15,649    14,938 

Amortizable customer-based intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $17,277 and $14,446 at May 31, 2016 and 2015

   30,909     24,170  

Other non-current intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $7,530 and $6,077 at May 31, 2016 and 2015

   18,446     13,204  

Amortizable intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $40,835 and $37,049 at May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

   52,096    54,655 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Other Assets

   147,031     116,513     171,364    169,151 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Assets

  $695,740   $618,009 
  $451,715    $392,181    

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – Liabilities and Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share)

 

  May 31   May 31 
  2016 2015   2019 2018 

Liabilities and Equity

      

Current Liabilities

      

Accounts payable

  $15,800   $13,691    $19,063  $20,750 

Accruals

      

Compensation and benefits

   4,986    4,142  

Federal income taxes

   0    1,275  

Other

   7,812    6,348  

Accrued compensation

   7,085   6,065 

Income taxes

   601   165 

Other accruals

   11,502   11,708 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Current Liabilities

   28,598    25,456     38,251   38,688 

Deferred Income Taxes

   16,533    13,711     15,618   14,103 

Other Long-Term Liabilities

   2,423    2,051  

OtherNon-Current Liabilities

   3,972   5,043 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Liabilities

   47,554    41,218     57,841   57,834 

Commitments and Contingencies (note 7)

      

Equity

      

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value - shares authorized 100,000; none issued and outstanding

   0    0  

Common stock, $0.16 par value - shares authorized 60,000,000; 37,567,689 and 37,128,269 shares issued and outstanding at May 31, 2016 and 2015

   6,011    5,941  

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value — shares authorized 100,000; none issued and outstanding

   —     —   

Common stock, $0.16 par value — shares authorized 120,000,000; 52,216,589 and 51,735,732 shares issued and outstanding at May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively

   8,355   8,278 

Additional paid-in capital

   150,000    131,906     221,937   202,572 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (3,946  (2,442   (11,640  (9,746

Retained earnings

   252,133    215,569     419,247   359,071 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

   

Stockholders’ Equity

   404,198    350,974  

Non-controlling interest

   (37  (11

Total Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries Stockholders’ Equity

   637,899   560,175 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Equity

   404,161    350,963  

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

  $695,740  $618,009 
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
  $451,715   $392,181  
  

 

  

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share)

 

  Year Ended May 31   Year Ended May 31 
  2016 2015 2014   2019   2018 2017 

Revenues

         

Product revenues

  $273,570   $243,909   $216,148    $339,439   $331,288  $303,148 

Service revenues

   47,705    39,165    31,257     74,747    66,642   55,129 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Revenues

   321,275    283,074    247,405     414,186    397,930   358,277 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Cost of Revenues

         

Cost of product revenues

   137,766    120,377    106,067     179,660    173,725   156,295 

Cost of service revenues

   30,445    23,012    18,740     42,606    37,933   33,058 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total Cost of Revenues

   168,211    143,389    124,807     222,266    211,658   189,353 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Gross Margin

   153,064    139,685    122,598     191,920    186,272   168,924 

Operating Expenses

         

Sales and marketing

   57,599    51,757    46,432     70,230    66,929   59,380 

General and administrative

   29,189    25,233    24,449     40,791    38,294   34,214 

Research and development

   9,890    9,577    8,326     12,805    10,855   10,385 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
   96,678    86,567    79,207  

Total Operating Expenses

   123,826    116,078   103,979 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Operating Income

   56,386    53,118    43,391     68,094    70,194   64,945 

Other Income (Expense)

    

Interest income

   322    228    115  

Other Income

     

Interest income, net

   4,683    2,043   838 

Royalty income

   217    150    231     150    147   171 

Change in purchase consideration

   0    (297  38  

Other, net

   (1,412  (1,123  (744   32    1,081   719 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 
   (873  (1,042  (360

Total Other Income

   4,865    3,271   1,728 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Income Before Income Taxes

   55,513    52,076    43,031     72,959    73,465   66,673 

Provision for Income Taxes

   18,975    18,500    15,000     12,783    10,250   22,700 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net Income

   36,538    33,576    28,031     60,176    63,215   43,973 

Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Non-controlling Interest

   26    (50  127  

Net Income Attributable toNon-controlling Interest

   —      (70  (180
  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen

  $36,564   $33,526   $28,158    $60,176   $63,145  $43,793 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Neogen Per Share

    

Net Income Attributable to Neogen per Share

     

Basic

  $0.98   $0.91   $0.77    $1.16   $1.23  $0.87 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Diluted

  $0.97   $0.90   $0.76    $1.15   $1.21  $0.86 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands, except per share)

 

   Year Ended May 31 
   2016  2015  2014 

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

  $36,538   $33,576   $28,031  

currency translation adjustments

   (1,504  (2,813  1,743  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   35,034    30,763    29,774  

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interest

   26    (50  127  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income attributable to Neogen Corporation

  $35,060   $30,713   $29,901  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   Year Ended May 31 
   2019  2018  2017 

Net Income

  $60,176  $63,215  $43,973 

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: foreign currency translations

   (1,894  (2,543  (3,257
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

   58,282   60,672   40,716 

Comprehensive income loss attributable tonon-controlling interest

   —     (70  (180
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income attributable to Neogen

  $58,282  $60,602  $40,536 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Equity

(in thousands, except shares)

 

   Common Stock   Additional
Paid-in
Capital
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Retained
Earnings
   Non-controlling
Interest
  Total
Equity
 
   Shares   Amount         

Balance, May 31, 2013

   36,084,021     5,773     99,935     (1,372  153,885     66    258,287  

Exercise of options, share based compensation and $4,757 income tax benefit

   629,826     101     17,522         17,623  

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   18,466     3     613         616  

Net income (loss) for 2014

          28,158     (127  28,031  

Other comprehensive income

         1,743       1,743  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2014

   36,732,313     5,877     118,070     371    182,043     (61  306,300  

Exercise of options, share based compensation and $2,475 income tax benefit

   376,364     61     13,115         13,176  

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   19,592     3     721         724  

Net income (loss) for 2015

          33,526     50    33,576  

Other comprehensive loss

         (2,813     (2,813
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2015

   37,128,269     5,941     131,906     (2,442  215,569     (11  350,963  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Exercise of options, share based compensation and $2,945 income tax benefit

   421,143     67     17,311         17,378  

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   18,277     3     783         786  

Net income (loss) for 2016

          36,564     (26  36,538  

Other comprehensive loss

         (1,504     (1,504
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2016

   37,567,689     6,011     150,000     (3,946  252,133     (37  404,161  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
            Accumulated           
   Common Stock  

Additional

Paid-in

  

Other

Comprehensive

  Retained   

Non-

Controlling

  Total 
   Shares  Amount  Capital  Income (Loss)  Earnings   Interest  Equity 

Balance, May 31, 2016

   50,090,252  $8,014  $147,996  $(3,946 $252,133   $(37 $404,160 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation and $3,922 income tax benefit

   817,284   131   26,589   —     —      —     26,720 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   24,953   4   921   —     —      —     925 

Purchase of minority interest

   —     —     (764  —     —      —     (764

Net income for 2017

   —     —     —     —     43,793    180   43,973 

Other comprehensive loss

   —     —     —     (3,257  —      —     (3,257
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2017

   50,932,489   8,149   174,742   (7,203  295,926    143   471,757 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation

   781,116   125   26,992   —     —      —     27,117 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   22,127   4   1,048   —     —      —     1,052 

Purchase of minority interest

   —     —     (210  —     —      (213  (423

Net income for 2018

   —     —     —     —     63,145    70   63,215 

Other comprehensive loss

   —     —     —     (2,543  —      —     (2,543
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2018

   51,735,732   8,278   202,572   (9,746  359,071    —     560,175 

Exercise of options, share-based compensation

   512,527   82   21,335   —     —      —     21,417 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan

   18,330   3   1,157   —     —      —     1,160 

Shares repurchased

   (50,000  (8  (3,127  —     —      —     (3,135

Net income for 2019

   —     —     —     —     60,176    —     60,176 

Other comprehensive loss

   —     —     —     (1,894  —      —     (1,894
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2019

   52,216,589  $8,355  $221,937  $(11,640 $419,247   $—    $637,899 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Inin thousands)

 

  Year Ended May 31   Year Ended May 31 
  2016 2015 2014   2019 2018 2017 

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

        

Net income

  $36,538   $33,576   $28,031    $60,176  $63,215  $43,973 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:

    

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:

 

  

Depreciation and amortization

   12,540    10,649    9,180     17,624   17,058   14,691 

Deferred income taxes

   1,906    496    (542   1,197   (2,996  (292

Share based compensation

   5,468    4,450    3,686  

Excess income tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

   (2,945  (2,475  (4,757

Share-based compensation

   5,543   4,909   5,261 

Excess income tax benefit from exercise of stock options

   —     —     (3,922

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions:

        

Accounts receivable

   (6,002  (7,252  (10,602   (4,025  (10,233  5,035 

Inventories

   (9,427  319    (3,529   (10,437  (2,647  (6,970

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   (3,836  3,264    (2,654

Prepaid expenses and other assets

   (3,569  (2,275  812 

Accounts payable

   704    412    1,970     (1,461  4,381   (1,691

Accruals and other changes

   385    353    885     (1,206  (2,281  3,377 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Cash From Operating Activities

   35,331    43,792    21,668     63,842   69,131   60,274 

Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities

    

Purchases of property, equipment and other non-current intangible assets

   (14,222  (9,619  (11,543

Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities

   147,189    93,662    91,207  

Purchases of marketable securities

   (151,625  (105,944  (91,691

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

    

Purchase of property, equipment and othernon-current intangible assets

   (14,661  (20,946  (14,578

Proceeds from the sales of marketable securities

   339,225   299,751   149,226 

Purchase of marketable securities

   (437,324  (361,419  (162,755

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired

   (42,491  (6,554  (39,265   (6,388  (468  (34,029
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Cash Used In Investing Activities

   (61,149  (28,455  (51,292

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

   (119,148  (83,082  (62,136

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

        

Exercise of stock options

   12,363    8,558    14,851  

Exercise of stock options and other

   17,034   23,261   21,148 

Repurchase of common stock

   (3,135  —     —   

Excess income tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

   2,945    2,475    4,757     —     —     3,922 

Purchase ofnon-controlling minority interest

   —     (423  —   
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Cash From Financing Activities

   15,308    11,033    19,608     13,899   22,838   25,070 

Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash

   (294  (984  659     21   (3,380  (898
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash and Cash Equivalents

   (10,804  25,386    (9,357

Cash And Cash Equivalents At Beginning of Year

   66,061    40,675    50,032  

Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents

   (41,386  5,507   22,310 

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year

   83,074   77,567   55,257 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Cash And Cash Equivalents At End of Year

  $55,257   $66,061   $40,675  

Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year

  $41,688  $83,074  $77,567 
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Supplementary Cash Flow Information

        

Income taxes paid, net of refunds

  $13,413   $10,454   $9,956    $13,027  $14,966  $17,704 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Neogen Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Neogen Corporation develops, manufactures and markets a diverse line of products and services dedicated to food and animal safety.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Neogen Corporation and its subsidiaries, (collectively, the Company), all of which are wholly owned, with the exceptionwholly-owned as of May 31, 2019. Neogen Latinoamerica and Neogen do Brasil, which are each 90%Latinoamérica was 100% owned as of May 31, 20162019 and 2015, respectively. The Company made an additional capital contributionMay 31, 2018; Neogen purchased all shares owned by the minority interest owner on December 31, 20132017, which increased its ownership in Neogen Latinoamérica from 90% to 100%. For Neogen do Brasil, the Company purchased the 10% owned by two minority interest owners on February 28, 2017, which increased its ownership interest in Neogen Latinoamerica from 60% to 90%100%.Non-controlling interest represents thenon-controlling owner’s owners’ proportionate share in the equity of these two subsidiaries; thenon-controlling owner’s owners’ proportionate share in the income or losses of the subsidiaries is subtracted from, or added to, CompanyNeogen’s net income to calculate the net income attributable to Neogen Corporation.

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Share and per share amounts reflect the October 30, 2013 3-for-2December 29, 20174-for-3 stock split as if it took place at the beginning of the period presented.

UseRecently Adopted Accounting Standards

Revenue Recognition

On June 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No.2014-09—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Refer to the Revenue Recognition section of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires managementNote 1 to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Classification of Cash Receipts and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates impactingPayments

In August 2016, the accompanyingFASB issued ASU No.2016-15—Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the

Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in ASU2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 230, Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments in ASU2016-15 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU on June 1, 2018; the impact on its consolidated financial statements includewas immaterial.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.2016-02—Leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and aright-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessor have not significantly changed from previous U.S. GAAP. This ASU is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Modified retrospective application is required with certain practical expedients. The Company will adopt this ASU on June 1, 2019. The Company has performed a review of its lessee and lessor arrangements, including revenue through leasing programs as well as lease expenses, which primarily result from operating lease arrangements at most of the Company’s facilities. The Company will record aright-of-use (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and has determined the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial condition and results of operations is immaterial.

Financial Instruments- Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.2016-13—Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how companies measure credit losses on most financial instruments measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, such as loans, receivables andheld-to-maturity debt securities. Rather than generally recognizing credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred, the revised guidance requires companies to recognize an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory valuationcredit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and intangible assets.the amount of amortized cost that the company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU2016-13 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and must be adopted as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe adoption of this guidance will have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-3, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements. ASU2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe adoption of this guidance will have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Cloud Computing Implementation Cost

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-15, Intangible-Goodwill and OtherInternal-Use Software (Subtopic350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Cost Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. ASU2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe adoption of this guidance will have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income represents net income and any revenues, expenses, gains and losses that, under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, are excluded from net income and recognized directly as a component of equity. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists solely of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments other than cash equivalents and marketable securities, which include accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value based on either their short maturity or current terms for similar instruments.

Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1:

Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:

Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3:

Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank demand accounts, savings deposits, certificates of deposit and commercial paper with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $41,688,000 and $83,074,000 at May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The carrying value of these assets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments and meets the Level 1 criteria. Cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $8,711,000 and $7,101,000 at May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Marketable Securities

The Company has marketable securities held by banks or broker-dealers at May 31, 2019, consisting of short-term domestic certificates of deposit of $17,681,000 and commercial paper and US treasuries rated at leastA-1/P-1 (short-term) and A/A2 (long-term) with original maturities between 91 days and two years of $208,155,000. Total outstanding marketable securities at May 31, 2019 was $225,836,000; there were $127,736,000 in marketable securities outstanding at May 31, 2018. These securities are classified as available for sale. The primary objective of management’s short-term investment activity is to preserve capital for the purpose of funding operations, capital expenditures and business acquisitions; short-term investments are not entered into for trading or speculative purposes. These securities are recorded at fair value (that approximates cost) based on recent trades or pricing models and therefore meet the Level 2 criteria. Interest income on these investments is recorded within Other Income on the income statement.

Marketable Securities as of May 31, 2019 and 2018 are listed below by classification and remaining maturities.

         Year ended May 31 
   

Maturity

     2019   2018 

US Treasuries

  

0 – 90 days

     2,470,000    19,910,000 
  

91 – 180 days

     —      —   
  

181 days – 1 year

     2,435,000    —   
  

1 – 2 years

     2,505,000    —   
        

Commercial Paper

  

0 – 90 days

     84,338,000    47,740,000 
  

91 – 180 days

     47,960,000    32,673,000 
  

181 days – 1 year

     34,369,000    —   
  

1 – 2 years

     34,078,000    —   
        

Certificates of Deposit

  

0 – 90 days

     7,732,000    5,446,000 
  

91 – 180 days

     5,000,000    8,747,000 
  

181 days – 1 year

     750,000    13,220,000 
  

1 – 2 years

     4,199,000    —   
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Marketable Securities

       225,836,000    127,736,000 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements requires that management make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates, including, but not limited to, variable consideration related to revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, the market value of, and demand for, inventories, stock-based compensation, provision for income taxes and related balance sheet accounts, accruals, goodwill and other intangible assets. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Accounts Receivable and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the CompanyNeogen to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. Management attempts to minimize credit risk by reviewing customers’ credit history before extending credit and by monitoring credit exposure on a regular basis. An allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable is established based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. Collateral or other security is generally not required for accounts receivable. Once a receivable balance has been determined to be uncollectible, that amount is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. No customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable at May 31, 20162019 or 2015,2018, respectively. The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows:

 

   Year ended May 31 
(in Thousands)  2016   2015   2014 

Beginning Balance

  $1,300    $1,200    $900  

Provision

   305     337     367  

Recoveries

   90     92     8  

Write-offs

   (195   (329   (75
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending Balance

  $1,500    $1,300    $1,200  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2019   2018   2017 

Beginning Balance

  $1,550   $2,000   $1,500 

Provision

   263    152    645 

Recoveries

   38    40    25 

Write-offs

   (151   (642   (170
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending Balance

  $1,700   $1,550   $2,000 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments other than cash equivalents and marketable securities, which include accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate fair value based on either their short maturity or current terms for similar instruments.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1:

Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:

Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and    

Level 3:

        Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own         assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank demand accounts, savings deposits, certificates of deposit and commercial paper with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash and cash equivalents were $55,257,000 and $66,061,000 at May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The carrying value of these assets approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments and meet the Level 1 criteria. Cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $5,320,000 and $13,277,000 at May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Marketable Securities

The Company has marketable securities held by banks or broker-dealers at May 31, 2016 consisting of short-term domestic certificates of deposit of $25,873,000 and commercial paper rated at least A-2/P-2 with maturities between 91 days and one year of $26,666,000. Outstanding marketable securities at May 31, 2016 were $52,539,000; there were $48,103,000 in marketable securities outstanding at May 31, 2015. These securities are classified as available for sale. The primary objective of the Company’s short-term investment activity is to preserve capital for the purpose of funding operations, capital expenditures and business acquisitions; short-term investments are not entered into for trading or speculative purposes. These securities are recorded at fair value (that approximates cost) based on recent trades or pricing models and therefore meet the Level 2 criteria. Interest income on these investments is recorded within Other Income on the income statement.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on thefirst-in,first-out method, or market. method. The components of inventories were as follows:

 

  May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2016   2015   2019   2018 

Raw materials

  $29,501    $21,605  

Raw Materials

  $41,594   $36,702 

Work-in-process

   4,498     3,972     5,581    5,993 

Finished and purchased finished goods

   30,372     26,024  

Finished goods

   38,817    33,310 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $64,371    $51,601    $85,992   $76,005 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The Company’s inventories are analyzed for slow moving, expired and obsolete items no less frequently thanon a quarterly basis and the valuation allowance is adjusted as required. The valuation allowance for inventory was $1,550,000$2,250,000 and $2,200,000 at both May 31, 20162019 and 2015,2018, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for major improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which are generally seven to 39 years for buildings and improvements and three to ten years for furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense was $7,452,000, $6,318,000$11,315,000, $10,315,000 and $5,383,000$8,783,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses after amounts are allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Other intangible assets include customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, trade names, covenantsnot-to-compete and patents. Amortizable intangible assets are amortized on either an accelerated or a straight-line basis, generally over 5 to 25 years. The CompanyManagement reviews the carrying amounts of goodwill and othernon-amortizable intangible assets annually, or when indications of impairment exist, to determine if such assets may be impaired. If the Company’s qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, or the Company skips the qualitative assessment, then the Company performsimpaired by performing a quantitative assessment. If the carrying amounts of these assets are deemed to be less than fair value based upon a discounted cash flow analysis and comparison to comparable earnings multiples of peer companies, such assets are reduced to their estimated fair value and a charge is made to operations. The remaining weighted-average amortization period for customer-based intangibles was 10 years and other intangibles are both 1211 years respectively, at May 31, 20162019 and May 31, 2015.2018, respectively.

Long-lived Assets

Management reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including definite-lived intangible assets, for possible impairment whenever events or changes in business conditions warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. In such an event, fair value is determined using discounted cash flows, and if lower than the carrying value, impairment is recognized through a charge to operations.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the fiscal 20152018 and 20142017 financial statements have been reclassified to conform towith the fiscal 20162019 presentation.

Stock Options

Equity Compensation Plans

At May 31, 2016,2019, the Company had stock option plans which are described more fully in Note 5.5 to the consolidated financial statements.

The weighted-average fair value per share of stock options granted during fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $13.11, $11.91$14.91, $14.47 and $9.87,$11.89, respectively. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

  Year ended May 31   Year ended May 31 
  2016   2015   2014   2019 2018 2017 

Risk-free interest rate

   1.2%     1.2%     0.8%     2.6  1.6  1.2

Expected dividend yield

   0%     0%     0%     0.0  0.0  0.0

Expected stock price volatility

   33.3%     36.2%     33.1%  

Expected stock volatility

   27.0  27.7  35.2

Expected option life

   4.0 years         4.0 years         4.0 years         3.5 years   4.0 years   4.0 years 

The risk-free interest rate for periods within the expected life of options granted is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected option life, representing the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding, is based on historical option exercise and employee termination data. The Company recognizesPrior to the fiscal 2017 grants, Neogen recognized the fair value of stock options using the accelerated method over their requisite service periods which the Companymanagement has determined to be the vesting periods.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from products and services is recognized when the product has been shipped or the service performed, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection of any receivable is probable. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred and later recognized in the period that all recognition criteria have been met. Customer creditsperiods; for sales returns, pricing and other disputes, and other related matters (including volume rebates offered to certain distributors as marketing support) represent approximately 3% of reported net revenueoptions granted in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014.2017, the Company recognized the fair value of stock options using the straight-line method.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs that are charged to and reimbursed by the customer are recognized as revenues, while the related expenses incurred by the CompanyNeogen are recorded in sales and marketing expense; these expenses totaled $9,734,000, $8,648,000$13,503,000, $12,147,000 and $7,497,000$10,185,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for tax credit carry forwardscarryforwards and are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expense represents the change in net deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year.

The Company’s wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are comprised of Neogen Europe, (wholly-owned subsidiary), Lab M Holdings, (wholly-owned subsidiary), Neogen Latinoamerica (90% owned subsidiary),Quat-Chem, Neogen do Brasil, (90% owned subsidiary),Rogama Industria e Comercio Ltda, Neogen Latinoamérica, NeogenBio-Scientific Technology (Shanghai) Co (wholly-owned subsidiary)(Shanghai), Neogen Food and Animal Security (India) (wholly-owned subsidiary), Neogen Canada, (wholly-owned subsidiary) and Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda (wholly-owned subsidiary).Neogen Australasia Pty Limited. Based on historical experience, as well as the Company’smanagement’s future plans, earnings from these subsidiaries are expected to bere-invested indefinitely for future expansion and working capital needs. Furthermore, the Company’sNeogen’s domestic operations have historically produced sufficient operating cash flow to mitigate the need to remit foreign earnings. On an annual basis, the Company evaluates the current business environment and whether any new events or other external changes might require are-evaluation of the decision to indefinitelyre-invest foreign earnings. At May 31, 2016,2019, unremitted earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries were $27,880,000.

$55,553,000.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include a federal corporate tax rate reduced from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and aone-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The U. S. Tax Act also includes a provision to tax global intangiblelow-taxed income (GILTI) of foreign subsidiaries and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for us beginning June 1, 2018. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs, which consist primarily of compensation costs, administrative expenses and new product development, among other items, are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $1,463,000, $1,371,000$1,471,000, $1,411,000 and $1,344,000$1,426,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

Net Income Attributable to Neogen per Share

Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding. The Company’sOur dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the years result entirely from dilutive stock options. The following table presents the net income per share calculations:

 

  Year ended May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands, except per share)  2016   2015   2014   2019   2018   2017 

Numerator for basic and diluted net income per share - Net income attributable to Neogen

  $36,564    $33,526    $28,158  

Numerator for basic and diluted net income per share - Net Income attributable to Neogen

  $60,176   $63,145   $43,793 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Denominator for basic net income per share - Weighted average shares

   37,402     36,953     36,511     51,888    51,358    50,544 

Effect of dilutive stock options

   473     491     756     537    791    621 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Denominator for diluted net income per share

   37,875     37,444     37,267     52,425    52,149    51,165 

Net income attributable to Neogen per share

            

Basic

  $0.98    $0.91    $0.77    $1.16   $1.23   $0.87 

Diluted

  $0.97    $0.90    $0.76    $1.15   $1.21   $0.86 

At both May 31, 2016 and 2015, the market price of the common stock exceeded the option exercise price for all outstanding options; therefore, no2019, 5,000 shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, computation. At May 31, 2014, 48,716 shares were excluded from the computation, as the option exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the common shares. In 2018 and 2017, all shares were included in the computation.

Revenue Recognition

On October 30, 2013, the Company paid a 3-for-2 stock split effected in the form of a dividend of its common stock. All share and per share amounts,June 1, 2018, Neogen adopted ASC Topic 606—Revenue from Contracts with the exception of par value per share, have been adjusted to reflect the stock split as if it had taken place at the beginning of the period presented. The common stock and additional paid-in capital accounts at May 31, 2013 reflect the retroactive capitalization of the 3-for-2 stock split.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued a new standard on revenue recognition. The new standardCustomers (Topic 606). This guidance outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Neogen adopted this standard using the full retrospective approach. This approach was chosen to provide appropriate comparisons against the Company’s prior year financial statements; accordingly, historical information for the years ended May 31, 2018 and 2017 has been adjusted to conform to the new standard.

The standardadoption of Topic 606 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Under Topic 606, the Company determines the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:

Identification of the contract with a customer;

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

Determination of the transaction price;

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

Recognition of revenue when or as the Company satisfies the performance obligations.

Essentially all of Neogen’s revenue is designedgenerated through contracts with its customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to create greater comparability for financial statement users across industries and jurisdictions and also requires enhanced disclosures. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and the change will be presented retrospectively. Early adoption is not permitted.transfer a product or service to a customer. The Company is currently evaluatinggenerally recognizes revenue at a point in time when all of its performance obligations under the impactterms of a contract are satisfied. With the adoption of this standard Topic 606, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products and services in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The collectability of consideration

on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17—Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. As part ofcontract is reasonably assured before revenue is recognized. To the FASB’s accounting simplification initiative, ASU 2015-17 removes the requirement to separateextent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. Instead, the update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with retrospective application to all periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of ASU 2015-17 on our consolidated balance sheet and statements of income.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16—Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement -Period Adjustments. Changes to the accounting for measurement-period adjustments relate to business combinations. Currently, an acquiring entity is required to retrospectively adjust the balance sheet amounts of the acquiree recognized at the acquisition date with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill as a result of changes made to the balance sheet amounts of the acquiree. The measurement period is the period after the acquisition date during which the acquirer may adjust the balance sheet amounts recognized for a business combination (generally up to one year from the date of acquisition). The changes eliminate the requirement to make such retrospective adjustments, and, instead require the acquiring entity to record these adjustments in the reporting period they are determined. The new standard is effective for public companies for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11—Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The update requires inventory not measured using either the last in, first out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal, and transportation. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2015-11 on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02—Leases, to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilitiesother accruals on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognizethe revenue is recognized in the statementperiod that all recognition criteria have been met. In certain situations, Neogen provides rebates, marketing support, credits or incentives to select customers, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of financial positionrevenue to recognize on a liabilitycontract. Variable consideration reduces the amount of revenue that is recognized. These variable consideration estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period based on information currently available.

The performance obligations in Neogen’s contracts are generally satisfied well within one year of contract inception. In such cases, management has elected the practical expedient to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to usenot adjust the underlying assetpromised amount of consideration for the lease term.effects of a significant financing component. Management has elected to utilize the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred because the amortization period for the prepaid costs that would otherwise have been deferred and amortized is one year or less. The recognition, measurement,Company accounts for shipping and presentationhandling for products as a fulfillment activity when goods are shipped. Revenue is recognized net of expensesany tax collected from customers; the taxes are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company’s terms and conditions of sale generally do not provide for returns of product or reperformance of service except in the case of quality or warranty issues. These situations are infrequent; due to immateriality of the amount, warranty claims are recorded in the period incurred.

The Company derives revenue from two primary sources — product revenue and service revenue.

Product revenue consists primarily of shipments of:

Diagnostic test kits, culture media and related products used by food producers and processors to detect harmful natural toxins, foodborne bacteria, allergens and levels of general sanitation;

Consumable products marketed to veterinarians, retailers, livestock producers and animal health product distributors; and

Rodenticides, disinfectants and insecticides to assist in the control of rodents, insects and disease in and around agricultural, food production and other facilities.

Revenue for Neogen’s products are recognized and invoiced when the product is shipped to the customer.

Service revenue consists primarily of:

Genomic identification and related interpretive bioinformatic services; and

Other commercial laboratory services.

Revenues for Neogen’s genomics and commercial laboratory services are recognized and invoiced when the applicable laboratory service is performed and the results are conveyed to the customer.

Payment terms for products and services are generally 30 to 60 days.

The following table presents disaggregated revenue by major product and service categories for the years ended May 31, 2019 and 2018:

   Year Ended 
       Increase/      Increase/    
   May 31, 2019   (Decrease)  May 31, 2018   (Decrease)  May 31, 2017 
(dollars in  thousands)                  

Food Safety:

        

Natural Toxins, Allergens & Drug Residues

  $78,373    7 $72,962    3 $70,926 

Bacterial & General Sanitation

   41,966    10  38,156    10  34,706 

Culture Media & Other

   49,857    13  44,271    12  39,367 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   25,584    7  23,821    75  13,620 

Genomics Services

   17,694    16  15,267    34  11,415 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   213,474    10  194,477    14  170,034 

Animal Safety:

        

Life Sciences

   7,858    (25)%   10,411    7  9,704 

Veterinary Instruments & Disposables

   44,582    (7)%   47,749    15  41,693 

Animal Care & Other

   29,941    (3)%   30,930    11  27,891 

Rodenticides, Insecticides & Disinfectants

   66,389    (2)%   67,646    (3)%   69,429 

Genomics Services

   51,942    11  46,717    18  39,526 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   200,712    (1)%   203,453    8  188,243 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Revenue

  $414,186    4 $397,930    11 $358,277 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for disaggregated revenues by geographical location.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

The Company has historically classified certain variable consideration components resulting from volume rebates, distributor support, and other marketing discounts as cost of revenues or sales and marketing expense in its consolidated financial statements of income. These amounts should have been classified as contra revenue in product or service revenues. The Company had determined in prior periods that the misstatements were clearly immaterial, individually and in the aggregate, to each of the reporting periods affected. The Company began properly classifying these items as contra revenues beginning in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 and has revised the financials for prior fiscal years 2018 and 2017 to conform to the current period presentation. These immaterial adjustments had no impact on the Company’s operating income, income before taxes, net income or reported earnings per share, and no change to stockholders’ equity.

Presented below are the effects of the revisions on the line items within our previously issued consolidated statements of income for the years ended May 31, 2018 and 2017. Revised consolidated statements of income related to these periods are presented in this Form10-K.

   Year Ended   Year Ended 
   May 31, 2018   May 31, 2017 
   As
Previously
Reported
   Adjustments  As Revised   As
Previously
Reported
   Adjustments  As Revised 
   (in thousands)   (in thousands) 

Revenues

          

Product revenues

  $335,554   $(4,266 $331,288   $306,512   $(3,390 $303,148 

Service revenues

   66,698    (56  66,642    55,082    73   55,129 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total revenues

   402,252    (4,322  397,930    361,594    (3,317  358,277 

Cost of revenues

          

Cost of product revenues

   174,067    (342  173,725    156,568    (273  156,295 

Cost of service revenues

   37,933    —     37,933    33,058    —     33,058 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total cost of revenues

   212,000    (342  211,658    189,626    (273  189,353 

Gross margin

   190,252    (3,980  186,272    171,968    (3,044  168,924 

Operating expenses

          

Sales and marketing

   70,909    (3,980  66,929    62,424    (3,044  59,380 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

   120,058    (3,980  116,078    107,023    (3,044  103,979 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

   70,194    —     70,194    64,945    —     64,945 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

The revisions had no impact on our audited consolidated balance sheets as of May 31, 2018 and 2017 and no impact on our audited consolidated statements of equity or audited consolidated statements of cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous U.S. GAAP. This ASU is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Modified retrospective application is permitted with certain practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2016-02 on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting to provide guidance that changes the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. The guidance requires the recognition of the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, thus eliminating additional paid-in capital pools. The guidance also allows for the employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting. In addition, the guidance allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. This ASU is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2016-09 on our consolidated financial conditionfiscal years ended May 31, 2018 and results of operations.2017.

2.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Management has completed the annual impairment analysis of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives using a quantitative assessment as of the first day of the fourth quarter of fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively, and determined that recorded amounts were not considered impaired and that no write-down was necessary.

The following table summarizes goodwill by reportable segment:

 

(in thousands)  Food Safety   Animal Safety   Total 

Balance, May 31, 2014

  $16,696    $51,494    $68,190  

Goodwill acquired and/or adjusted

   2,110     (181   1,929  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2015

  $18,806    $51,313    $70,119  

Goodwill acquired and/or adjusted

   7,322     11,065     18,387  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2016

  $26,128    $62,378    $88,506  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
(in thousands)  Food Safety   Animal Safety   Total 

Balance, May 31, 2017

  $45,920   $58,839   $104,759 

Goodwill acquired

   —      757    757 

Goodwill adjustments and/or currency (1)

   (5,919   (39   (5,958
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2018

  $40,001   $59,557   $99,558 

Goodwill acquired

   3,796    1,196    4,992 

Goodwill adjustments and/or currency (1)

   (1,244   313    (931
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2019

  $42,553   $61,066   $103,619 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Includes final purchase price allocation adjustment.

At May 31, 2016, 2019,non-amortizable intangible assets included licenses of $569,000, trademarks of $7,377,000$13,717,000 and other intangibles of $1,224,000.$1,363,000. At May 31, 2015, 2018,non-amortizable intangible assets included licenses of $569,000, trademarks of $7,227,000$12,989,000 and other intangibles of $1,224,000.

$1,380,000.

Amortizable intangible assets consisted of the following and are included in customer-based intangibleintangibles and othernon-current assets within the consolidated balance sheets:

 

(in thousands)  Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Less
Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Amount
   Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Less
Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Licenses

  $5,189    $1,782    $3,407    $9,813   $3,182   $6,631 

Covenants not to compete

   491     193     298     862    542    320 

Patents

   8,040     3,631     4,409     8,158    3,570    4,588 

Customer-based intangibles

   48,186     17,277     30,909     57,634    28,017    29,617 

Other product and service-related intangibles

   12,256     1,924     10,332  

Other products and service-related intangibles

   16,464    5,524    10,940 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2016

  $74,162    $24,807    $49,355  

Balance, May 31, 2019

  $92,931   $40,835   $52,096 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Licenses

  $4,919    $1,630    $3,289    $9,491   $2,523   $6,968 

Covenants not to compete

   428     124     304     801    483    318 

Patents

   7,701     3,087     4,614     9,693    5,013    4,680 

Customer-based intangibles

   38,616     14,446     24,170     56,420    24,579    31,841 

Other product and service-related intangibles

   6,233     1,236     4,997  

Other products and service-related intangibles

   15,299    4,451    10,848 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Balance, May 31, 2015

  $57,897    $20,523    $37,374  

Balance, May 31, 2018

  $91,704   $37,049   $54,655 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Amortization expense for intangibles totaled $5,088,000, $4,331,000$6,309,000, $6,743,000 and $3,797,000$5,908,000 in fiscal years 2016, 2015,2019, 2018, and 2014,2017, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows: $5,759,000 in 2017, $5,405,000 in 2018, $5,012,000 in 2019, $4,706,000$6,664,000 in 2020, $6,025,000 in 2021, $5,673,000 in 2022, $5,299,000 in 2023 and $4,459,000$4,989,000 in 2021.2024. The amortizable intangible assets useful lives are 52 to 20 years for licenses, 5 to 13 years for covenants not to compete, 5 to 25 years for patents, 65 to 20 years for customer-based intangibles and 5 to 20 years for other product and service-related intangibles, which primarily consist of product formulations. All definite-lived intangibles are amortized on a straight linestraight-line basis with the exception of definite-lived customer-based intangibles and product and service-related intangibles, which are amortized on either a straight-line or an accelerated basis.

3.

Business Combinations

The Consolidated Statements of Income reflect the results of operations for business acquisitions since the respective dates of purchase. All are accounted for using the acquisition method. Goodwill recognized in the acquisitions described below relates primarily to enhancing the Company’s strategic platform for the expansion of available product offerings.

Fiscal 2017

On JulyDecember 1, 2013,2016, the Company acquired the assetsstock of SyrVet Inc.Quat-Chem Ltd., a veterinary businesschemical company that manufactures biosecurity products, based in Waukee, Iowa. SyrVet offered a product line similar to Neogen’s Ideal Instruments line of veterinary instruments with a strong presence in Mexico and Latin America.Rochdale, England. Consideration for the purchase was $10,012,000$21,606,000 in cash and up to $1,500,000 of a contingent consideration liability, due at the end of the first year, based on an excess net sales formula. The Company estimated the contingent consideration liability to be $930,000, based on forecasted sales. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $747,000, inventory of $2,195,000, property and equipment of $556,000, current liabilities of $226,000, contingent consideration liabilities of $930,000, non-amortizable trademarks of $790,000, intangible assets of $4,810,000 (with an estimated life of 15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business has been relocated to Lexington, Kentucky and integrated with the Company’s current operations there, reporting within the Animal Safety segment. In August 2014, the Company paid $689,000 to the former owner for contingent consideration based upon the level of achievement of sales targets; the remaining $241,000 of the accrual was reversed to other income.

On November 1, 2013, the Company acquired the assets of Prima Tech Incorporated, a veterinary instrument company based in Kenansville, North Carolina. Prima Tech manufactures devices used by farmers, ranchers and veterinarians to inject animals, provide topical applications, and to use for oral administration. Prima Tech is also a supplier of products used in artificial insemination in the swine industry. Consideration for the purchase was $12,068,000 in cash and up to $600,000$3,778,000 of contingent consideration, due at the end of each of the first year,two years, based on an excess net sales formula. The Company estimated the contingent consideration liability to be $146,000 based on forecasted sales. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $963,000, inventory of $2,796,000, property and equipment of $1,653,000, prepaid assets of $8,000, current liabilities of $1,840,000, contingent consideration liabilities of $146,000, non-amortizable trademarks of $1,500,000, intangible assets of $4,400,000 (with an estimated life of 5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and reports within the Animal Safety segment. In October 2014, the Company paid the former owners $600,000 for contingent consideration based on achievement of defined sales targets, recording an additional $454,000 charge to other expense.

On January 2, 2014, the Company acquired all of the stock of Chem-Tech Ltd., a pest control manufacturing and distribution business located in Pleasantville, Iowa. Consideration for the purchase was $17,185,000 in cash and up to $1,000,000 of a contingent consideration liability, due at the end of the first year, based on an excess net sales formula. The Company estimated the contingent consideration liability to be $390,000, based on forecasted sales. The final purchase price allocation based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $380,000, inventory of $4,184,000, prepaid assets of $100,000, property and equipment of $807,000, current liabilities of $184,000, contingent consideration liabilities of $390,000, intangible assets of $8,327,000 (with an estimated life of 5-25 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and reports within the Animal Safety segment. In February 2015, the Company paid the former owners $474,000 for contingent consideration, based upon achievement of sales targets, and recorded an additional $84,000 charge to other expense.

On October 1, 2014, the Company acquired all of the stock of BioLumix, Inc., a manufacturer and marketer of automated systems for the detection of microbial contaminants located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Consideration for the purchase was $4,514,000 in cash. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $499,000, other receivable of $178,000, net inventory of $421,000 prepaid assets of $48,000, property and equipment of $159,000, current liabilities of $155,000, long-term liabilities of $780,000, intangible assets of $2,090,000 (with an estimated life of 5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business has been relocated to Lansing, Michigan and integrated with the Company’s operations there, reporting within the Food Safety segment.

On December 8, 2014, the Company acquired the food safety and veterinary genomic assets of its Chinese distributor Beijing Anapure BioScientific Co., Ltd. Consideration for the purchase was $2,040,000 in cash. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $525,000, property and equipment of $64,000, intangible assets of $422,000 (with an estimated life of 5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business has been integrated into the Company’s subsidiary in China and reports within the Food Safety segment.

On June 1, 2015, the Company acquired the assets of Sterling Test House, a commercial food testing laboratory based in India. Consideration for the purchase was $1,118,000 in cash and approximately $150,000 of a contingent consideration liability, due in installments on the first two anniversary dates, based on an excess sales formula. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $43,000,$4,684,000, inventory of $14,000,$1,243,000, land, property and equipment of $141,000,$2,526,000, accounts payable of $2,197,000, deferred tax liability of $1,758,000, contingent consideration accrual of $97,000,$1,058,000, other current liabilities of $604,000,non-amortizable intangible assets of $345,000$1,889,000, intangible assets of $6,900,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible(non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In January 2018, Neogen paid the former owners $249,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the first year, and recorded a credit of $255,000 to Other Income, reducing the contingent consideration accrual by a corresponding amount; $554,000 remained accrued for contingent consideration payable at the end of the second year. In January 2019, Neogen paid the former owners $184,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the second year; the remaining accrual balance was adjusted to Other Income. This business continues to operate in its current location and reportsis managed by Neogen Europe, reporting within the AnimalFood Safety segment.

On August 26, 2015,December 27, 2016, the Company acquired all of the stock of Lab M Holdings,Rogama Industria e Comercio, Ltda., a developer, manufacturercompany that develops and supplier of microbiological culture mediamanufactures rodenticides and diagnostic systems located in the United Kingdom.insecticides, based near São Paulo, Brazil. Consideration for the purchase was $12,436,000 in cash. The preliminary purchase price allocation included cash of $285,000, accounts receivable of $975,000, inventory of $1,169,000, property and equipment of $3,337,000, other current assets of $596,000, current liabilities of $1,350,000, long-term deferred tax liability of $784,000, intangible assets of $3,918,000 (with an estimated life of 3-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continues to operate in its current location and reports within the Food Safety segment.

On December 22, 2015, the Company acquired the rodenticide assets of Virbac Corporation, the North American affiliate of the France-based Virbac group, a global animal health company. The acquired assets include a rodenticide active ingredient that complements Neogen’s existing active ingredients, and more than 40 regulatory approvals for a variety of formulations in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The acquired assets also include a large retail and OEM customer base. Consideration for the purchase was $3,525,000$12,423,000 in cash and up to $300,000$2,069,000 of contingent consideration.consideration, due at the end of each of the first two years, based on an excess net sales formula. The preliminaryfinal purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included accounts receivable of $1,866,000, othernon-current assets of $26,000, inventory of $317,000,$960,000, land, property and equipment of $60,000,$4,734,000, current liabilities of $2,562,000, contingent consideration accrual of $213,000, deferred tax liability of $2,034,000,non-amortizable intangible assets of $2,545,000$870,000, intangible assets of $5,112,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In April 2018, Neogen paid the former owners $130,000 in contingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the first year. The products will be manufacturedcontingent consideration accrual was reduced by the same amount; $83,000 remained accrued for contingent consideration payable at the Company’s production facilityend of the second year. In April 2019, the Company paid the former owners $23,000 in Randolph, Wisconsincontingent consideration based on the achievement of sales targets in the second year; the remaining accrual balance was adjusted to Other Income. This business continues to operate in its current location and will report throughis managed by Neogen do Brasil, reporting within the Food Safety segment.

Fiscal 2018

On September 1, 2017, the Company acquired the assets of The University of Queensland Animal Safety.Genetics Laboratory, an animal genomics laboratory located near Brisbane, Australia. This acquisition is intended to accelerate the growth of Neogen’s animal genomics business in Australia and New Zealand. Consideration for the purchase was $2,063,000; $468,000 was initially paid in cash with the remainder due in annual installments over the next five years. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $19,000, equipment of $419,000,non-current liabilities of $1,629,000, intangible assets of $902,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill(non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. The business, renamed Neogen Australasia, continues to operate in its current location, reporting within the Animal Safety segment.

Fiscal 2019

On April 26, 2016,August 1, 2018, the Company acquired the stock of Deoxi Biotecnologia Ltda, an animal genomics laboratory located in Aracatuba, Brazil. Deoxi wasClarus Labs, Inc., a competitormanufacturer of Neogen’s inwater testing products. Neogen has distributed Clarus’ Colitag water test to the livestock genomics marketfood and beverage industries since 2004 and this acquisition is intendedgives the Company access to help accelerate the growth of Neogen’s GeneSeek animal genomics services in Brazil.sell this product to new markets. Consideration for the purchase was $1,560,000$4,204,000 in cash and up to $2,552,000approximately $1.3 million of contingent consideration, due at the end of the each ofsemiannually for the first twofive years, based on an excess net sales formula. The preliminaryfinal purchase price allocation, included accounts receivablebased upon the fair value of $150,000,these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $89,000, other current

assets of $6,000, property$32,000, machinery and equipment of $229,000, current liabilities$120,000, accounts payable of $246,000,$53,000, contingent consideration liabilitiesaccrual of $741,000,$1,256,000,non-current deferred tax liability of $544,000,non-amortizable intangible assets of $852,000$878,000, intangible assets of $1,487,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill(non-deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. In February 2019, $90,000 was paid to the former owners as contingent consideration from the accrual. Manufacturing of these products was moved to the Company’s Lansing, Michigan location in October 2018, reporting within the Food Safety segment.

On September 4, 2018, the Company acquired the assets of Livestock Genetic Services, LLC, a Virginia-based company that specializes in genetic evaluations and data management for cattle breeding organizations. Livestock Genetic Services has been a long-time strategic partner of Neogen and the acquisition enhances the Company’sin-house genetic evaluation capabilities. Consideration for the purchase was $1,100,000 in cash, with $700,000 paid at closing and $400,000 payable to the former owner on September 1, 2019, and approximately $385,000 of contingent consideration, payable over the next three years. The final purchase price allocation, based upon the fair value of these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included office equipment of $15,000, contingent consideration accrual of $385,000, intangible assets of $942,000 (with an estimated life of5-15 years) and the remainder to goodwill (deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business will continue to operate in its currentServices provided by this operation are now performed at the Company’s Lincoln, Nebraska location, and reportsreporting within the FoodAnimal Safety segment.

On MayJanuary 1, 2016,2019, the Company acquired the stockassets of Preserve InternationalEdmonton, Alberta-based Delta Genomics Centre, an animal genomics laboratory in Canada. Delta’s laboratory operations were renamed Neogen Canada and its sister company, Tetradyne LLC., manufacturers and marketersthe acquisition is intended to accelerate growth of cleaners, disinfectants and associated products to the swine, poultry, food processing and dairy markets. Preserve and Tetradyne have manufacturing locationsCompany’s animal genomics business in Memphis, Tennessee and Turlock, California.Canada. Consideration for the purchase was $24,086,000$1,485,000 in cash. The preliminaryfinal purchase price allocation, included accounts receivablebased upon the fair value of $1,588,000,these assets and liabilities determined using the income approach, included inventory of $1,964,000, other current assets of $338,000, land, property$38,000, machinery and equipment of $1,625,000, current liabilities$371,000, unearned revenue liability of $756,000, long-term liabilities of $660,000,$125,000, intangible assets of $10,590,000$532,000 (with an estimated life of 5-155 to 10 years) and the remainder to goodwill (partially deductible(deductible for tax purposes). These values are Level 3 fair value measurements. This business continuesServices provided by this operation continue to operatebe performed in its current locations and reportsEdmonton, reporting within the Animal Safety segment.

 

4.

Long-Term Debt

The Company has a financing agreement with a bank providing for ana $15,000,000 unsecured revolving line of credit, of upwhich was amended on November 30, 2018 to $12,000,000, which expires onextend the maturity from September 1, 2017.30, 2019 to September 30, 2021. There were no advances against thisthe line of credit during fiscal years 2016, 20152019 and 2014, and2018; there was no balance outstanding at May 31, 2016 and 2015.2019. Interest on any borrowings is at LIBOR plus 100 basis points (rate under the terms of the agreement was 1.58%3.49% at May 31, 2016)2019). Financial covenants include maintaining specified levels of tangible net worth, debt service coverage, and funded debt to EBITDA, each of which the Company was in compliance with at May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015.2019.

5.

Equity Compensation Plans

QualifiedIncentive andnon-qualified options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to directors, officers and employees of the CompanyNeogen under the terms of the Company’s stock option plans. These options are granted at an exercise price of not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Remaining shares available for grant under stock option plans were 2,457,000, 306,0003,997,000, 1,913,000 and 805,0002,525,000 at May 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. Options vest ratably over three and five yearfive-year periods and the contractual terms are generally five or ten years.

 

(shares in thousands)  Shares   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair  Value
 

Outstanding at May 31, 2013 (749 exercisable)

   2,092     19.21     6.00  
      Weighted-Average   Weighted-Average 
(options in thousands)  Options   Exercise Price   Grant Date Fair Value 

Outstanding at May 31, 2016 (875 exercisable)

   2,775   $27.53   $7.97 

Granted

   512     36.44     9.87     828    40.68    11.89 

Exercised

   (643   13.69     4.28     (827   22.82    6.77 

Forfeited

   (92   22.08     6.65     (77   32.04    9.17 
  

 

       

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2014 (577 exercisable)

   1,869     25.69     7.62  

Outstanding at May 31, 2017 (661 exercisable)

   2,699    32.88    9.51 

Granted

   536     39.79     11.91     829    59.37    14.47 

Exercised

   (380   16.69     5.17     (821   28.18    8.20 

Forfeited

   (37   33.55     9.45     (208   39.57    11.12 
  

 

       

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2015 (639 exercisable)

   1,988     31.04     9.20  

Outstanding at May 31, 2018 (508 exercisable)

   2,499    42.63    11.44 

Granted

   549     46.98     13.11     527    62.92    14.91 

Exercised

   (427   23.47     7.15     (513   31.28    8.92 

Forfeited

   (29   38.57     11.14     (128   47.08    12.42 
  

 

       

 

     

Outstanding at May 31, 2016 (656 exercisable)

   2,081     36.71     10.63  

Outstanding at May 31, 2019 (617 exercisable)

   2,385    49.37    12.70 
  

 

       

 

     

The following is a summary of stock options outstanding at May 31, 2016:2019:

 

(options in thousands)        
   Options Outstanding   Options Exercisable 

Range of Exercise price

  Number   Average Remaining
Contractual Life

(in years)
   Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Number   Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 

$  6.01 - $28.26

   277     1.8    $20.67     209    $19.88  

  28.27 - 32.37

   321     2.1     28.67     173     28.67  

  32.38 - 38.03

   408     2.6     36.07     156     36.07  

  38.04 - 43.75

   532     4.1     39.88     118     40.10  

  43.76 - 47.12

   543     4.9     46.99     0     —    
  

 

 

       

 

 

   
   2,081     3.4     36.71     656     29.69  

Range of Exercise Price

  Number   (in years)   Exercise Price   Number   Exercise Price 

$10.17 - $37.26

   575    1.7   $32.07    290   $30.62 

$37.27 - $40.91

   492    2.8    40.45    147    40.44 

$40.92 - $59.78

   172    4.0    51.03    54    49.19 

$59.79 - $61.56

   614    3.5    60.43    124    60.43 

$61.57 - $68.96

   532    4.5    63.03    2    68.36 
  

 

 

       

 

 

   
   2,385    3.2    49.37    617    40.68 

The weighted average exercise price of shares that were exercisable at May 31, 20162019 and 20152018 was $29.69$40.68 and $24.50,$31.23, respectively.

Compensation expense related to share-based awards was $5,468,000, $4,450,000$5,543,000, $4,909,000 and $3,686,000$5,261,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. Remaining compensation cost to be expensed in future periods fornon-vested options was $7,335,000$15,880,000 at May 31, 2016,2019, with a weighted average expense recognition period of 2.33.4 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable was $26,344,000 and $12,912,000, respectively, at May 31, 2016, $31,204,000 and $14,201,000 respectively, at May 31, 2015 and $22,751,000 and $10,984,000 respectively, at May 31, 2014. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the year was $12,980,000 in fiscal 2016, $10,690,000 in fiscal 2015 and $17,669,000 in fiscal 2014.

   Year Ended 
(in thousands)  May 31, 2019   May 31, 2018   May 31, 2017 

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding

  $22,798   $82,649   $39,388 

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable

  $10,222   $22,572   $13,929 

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised

  $21,382   $25,844   $18,067 

Common stock totaling 27,440365,395 of the 337,500 originally712,500 authorized shares are reserved for issuance under the terms of the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. An additional 375,000 shares are also reserved for issuance under the terms of the 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The plans giveplan gives eligible employees the option to purchase common stock at a 5% discount to the lower of the market value of the stock at the beginning or end of each participation period.period; the discount is recorded in general and administrative expense. Total individual purchases in any year are limited to 10% of compensation. Shares purchased by employees were 18,277, 19,592 and 18,46618,330 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 22,127 in fiscal 2018 and 2014, respectively.24,953 in fiscal 2017.

6.

Income Taxes

Income before income taxes by source consists of the following amounts:

 

  Year ended May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2016   2015   2014   2019   2018   2017 

U.S.

  $50,662    $45,156    $37,568    $58,479   $62,310   $55,171 

Foreign

   4,851     6,920     5,463     14,480    11,155    11,502 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $55,513    $52,076    $43,031    $72,959   $73,465   $66,673 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The provision for income taxes consistedconsists of the following:

 

  Year ended May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2016   2015   2014   2019   2018   2017 

Current:

            

U.S. Taxes

  $14,630    $15,269    $14,442    $8,451   $10,129   $20,259 

Foreign

   1,756     1,364     1,100     3,758    3,066    2,514 

Deferred

   2,589     1,867     (542   574    (2,945   (73
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Provision for Income Taxes

  $12,783   $10,250   $22,700 
  $18,975    $18,500    $15,000    

 

   

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

The reconciliation of income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to income tax expense is as follows:

 

  Year ended May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2016   2015   2014   2019   2018   2017 

Tax at U.S. statutory rates

  $19,429    $18,227    $15,061  

Tax at U.S. statutory rate

  $15,321   $21,459   $23,336 

Section 199 domestic production deduction

   (1,143   (1,067   (821   —      (1,167   (1,057

Global intangiblelow-taxed income (GILTI)

   840    —      —   

Foreign derived intangible income deduction (FDII)

   (1,531   —      —   

Foreign rate differential

   (699   (949   (726   495    (461   (1,247

Subpart F income

   1,049     1,396     1,143     842    816    996 

Tax credits and other

   337     39     (170

Provisions for state income taxes, net of federal benefit

   779     854     513  

Amended U.S. Federal tax returns, FY12, FY13 & FY14

   (777   0     0  

Tax benefits on stock-based compensation

   (2,586   (4,816   (535

FIN 48 reserve adjustments

   13    (1,035   576 

Provision for state income taxes, net of federal benefit

   1,251    975    972 

Remeasurement of deferred taxes

   —      (6,022   —   

Transition tax on foreign earnings and profits

   —      1,223    —   

Tax credits

   (1,726   (1,151   (1,213

Other

   (136   429    872 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  $18,975    $18,500    $15,000    $12,783   $10,250   $22,700 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

On June 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No.2016-09—Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to employees. The guidance requires the recognition of the income effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, thus eliminating additionalpaid-in capital pools. The guidance also allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than on an estimated basis, and requires that excess tax benefits be classified as an operating activity on the Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this ASU decreased income tax expense by $2.6 million in fiscal 2019 and by $4.8 million in fiscal 2018.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the U.S. Tax Act) was signed into law, making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and aone-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The U.S. Tax Act also includes a provision to tax global intangiblelow-taxed income (GILTI) of foreign subsidiaries and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (FDII), both of which became effective for the Company beginning June 1, 2018.

In fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a net benefit of $4.8 million related to the U.S. Tax Act, due to the impact of the reduction in the tax rate on deferred tax assets and liabilities of $6.0 million, partially offset by $1.2 million ofone-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. In fiscal 2019, the Company finalized its calculation of these amounts and recorded immaterial adjustments to income tax expense; the Company also recorded expense of $840,000 related to GILTI and a tax benefit of $1.5 million related to FDII.

Foreign tax credits, primarily offsetting taxes associated with Subpart F and GILTI income, were $1,296,000, $791,000 and $729,000 in fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s U.S. R & D credit was $430,000 in fiscal 2019 and $422,000 in fiscal years 2018 and 2017.

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’sour deferred income tax liabilities and assets are as follows:

 

  May 31   Year ended May 31 
(in thousands)  2016   2015   2019   2018 

Deferred income tax liabilities

        

Indefinite and long-lived assets

  $(19,296  $(15,906  $(18,963  $(17,503

Prepaid expenses

   (824   (431   (586   (573

Brazil valuation allowance

   (542   (542
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
   (20,662   (16,879   (19,549   (18,076

Deferred income tax assets

        

Stock options

   2,786     2,234  

Stock Options

   1,497    1,489 

Inventories and accounts receivable

   2,076     1,809     1,315    1,593 

Tax loss carryforwards

   813     542     417    134 

Valuation allowance on tax loss carryforwards

   (407   —   

Accrued expenses and other

   229     574     1,109    757 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
   5,904     5,159     3,931    3,973 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net deferred income tax liabilities

  $(14,758  $(11,720  $(15,618  $(14,103
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The Company had no accrual for unrecognized tax benefits at both May 31, 2016 and 2015. Should the accrual of any interest or penalties relative to unrecognized tax benefits be necessary, such accruals will be reflected within income tax accounts. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal incomeexamination by the Internal Revenue Service for 2016 and earlier tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years before 2011.

years.

7.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in environmental remediation and monitoring activities at its Randolph, Wisconsin manufacturing facility and accrues for related costs when such costs are determined to be probable and estimable. The Company currently utilizes a pump and treat remediation strategy, which includes semi-annual monitoring and reporting, consulting, and maintenance of monitoring wells. Neogen expenses these annual costs of remediation, which have ranged from $47,000$38,000 to $57,000$131,000 per year over the past five years. The Company’s estimated liability for these costs iswas $916,000 at both May 31, 20162019 and 2015,2018, measured on an undiscounted basis over an estimated period of 15 years; $60,000$100,000 of the liability is recorded within current liabilities and the remainder is recorded within other long termnon-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. In fiscal 2019, the Company performed an updated Corrective Measures Study (CMS) on the site, per a request from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), and is currently in discussion with the WDNR regarding potential alternative remediation strategies going forward. The Company believes that the current pump and treat strategy is appropriate for the site. At this time, the outcome of the review in terms of approach and future costs is unknown, but a change in the current remediation strategy, depending on the alternative selected, could require an increase in the currently recorded liability, with an offsetting charge to operations in the period recorded.

The Company has agreements with unrelated third parties that provide for the payment of license fees and royalties on the sale of certain products. Royalty expense, recorded in sales and marketing, under the terms of these agreements was $1,969,000, $2,189,000$2,795,000, $2,876,000 and $2,278,000$2,659,000 for fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively. Some of these agreements provide for guaranteed minimum royalty payments to be paid each fiscal year by the Company for certain technologies. Future minimum royalty payments are as follows: 2017—$572,000, 2018—$597,000, 2019—$597,000, 2020—$593,000183,000, 2021—$191,000, 2022—$114,000, 2023—$109,000 and 2021—2024—$586,000.109,000.

The CompanyNeogen leases office and manufacturing facilities undernon-cancelable operating leases. Rent expense for fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 20142017 was $662,000, $736,000$871,000, $799,000 and $856,000,$729,000, respectively. Future fiscal year minimum rental payments for these leases over their remaining terms are as follows: 2017—2020—$541,000, 2018—1,112,000, 2021—$290,000, 2019—810,000, 2022—$195,000, 2020 – $96,000297,000, 2023—$101,000, and 20212024 and later—$22,000.0.

The Company is subject to certain legal and other proceedings in the normal course of business that, in the opinion of management, should not have a material effect on its future results of operations or financial position.

 

8.

Defined Contribution Benefit Plan

The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) benefit plan covering substantially all domestic employees. Employees are permitted to defer compensation up to IRS limits, with the CompanyNeogen matching 100% of the first 3% of deferred compensation and 50% of the next 2% deferred. The Company’sNeogen’s expense under this plan was $1,188,000, $1,051,000$1,361,000, $1,325,000, and $954,000$1,259,000 in fiscal years 2016, 20152019, 2018 and 2014,2017, respectively.

9.

Segment Information

The Company has two reportable segments: Food Safety and Animal Safety. The Food Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, production and marketing of diagnostic test kits and related products used by food producers and processors to detect harmful natural toxins, foodborne bacteria, allergens and levels of general sanitation. The Animal Safety segment is primarily engaged in the development, production and marketing of products dedicated to animal safety, including a complete line of consumable products marketed to veterinarians and animal health product distributors; this segment also provides genomic identification and related interpretive bioinformatic services. Additionally, the Animal Safety segment produces and markets rodenticides, disinfectants, and insecticides to assist in the control of rodents, insects and disease in and around agricultural, food production and other facilities.

Neogen’s international operations in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Brazil, China and India originally focused on the sales and marketing of our Food Safety products, and each of these units reports through the Food Safety segment. In recent years, these operations have expanded to offer the Company’s complete line of products and services, including those usually associated with the Animal Safety segment such as cleaners, disinfectants, rodenticides, insecticides, veterinary instruments and genomics services. These segmentsadditional products and services are managed separately because they represent strategic business units that offer different products and require different marketing strategies. The Company evaluates performance based on total salesdirected by existing management and operating income ofare reported through the respective segments. Food Safety segment.

The accounting policies of each of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1.

Segment information is as follows:

 

(in thousands)  Food Safety   Animal Safety   Corporate and
Eliminations (1)
 Total   Food Safety   Animal Safety   Corporate and
Eliminations (1)
 Total 

Fiscal 2016

       

Fiscal 2019

       

Product revenues to external customers

  $133,685    $139,885    $0   $273,570    $190,675   $148,764   $—    $339,439 

Service revenues to external customers

   12,156     35,549     0    47,705     22,799    51,948    —     74,747 
  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   145,841     175,434     0    321,275     213,474    200,712    —     414,186 

Operating income (loss)

   29,185     30,777     (3,576  56,386     39,020    33,875    (4,801  68,094 

Depreciation and amortization

   5,745     6,795     0    12,540     9,525    8,099    —     17,624 

Total assets

   142,078     216,599     93,038    451,715  

Total Assets

   206,267    221,950    267,523   695,740 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   9,192     5,030     0    14,222     8,916    5,745    —     14,661 

Fiscal 2015

       

Fiscal 2018

       

Product revenues to external customers

  $119,990    $123,919    $0   $243,909    $174,553   $156,735   $—    $331,288 

Service revenues to external customers

   11,489     27,676     0    39,165     19,924    46,718    —     66,642 
  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   131,479     151,595     0    283,074     194,477    203,453    —     397,930 

Operating income (loss)

   30,265     26,034     (3,181  53,118     34,561    39,529    (3,896  70,194 

Depreciation and amortization

   4,620     6,029     0    10,649     9,083    7,975    —     17,058 

Total assets

   110,655     179,082     102,444    392,181  

Total Assets

   186,570    220,629    210,810   618,009 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   4,216     5,403     0    9,619     10,538    10,408    —     20,946 

Fiscal 2014

       

Fiscal 2017

       

Product revenues to external customers

  $107,959    $108,189    $0   $216,148    $154,431   $148,717   $—    $303,148 

Service revenues to external customers

   8,331     22,926     0    31,257     15,603    39,526    —     55,129 
  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total revenues to external customers

   116,290     131,115     0    247,405     170,034    188,243    —     358,277 

Operating income (loss)

   28,009     18,571     (3,189  43,391     33,971    34,841    (3,867  64,945 

Depreciation and amortization

   4,181     4,999     0    9,180     7,088    7,603    —     14,691 

Total assets

   105,607     173,643     66,051    345,301  

Total Assets

   190,895    210,927    126,587   528,409 

Expenditures for long-lived assets

   5,999     5,544     0    11,543     10,332    4,246    —     14,578 

 

(1)

Includes corporate assets, including cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, current and deferred tax accounts, and overhead expenses not allocated to specific business segments. Also includes the elimination of intersegment transactions and noncontrollingnon-controlling interests.

Revenues to customers located outside the United States amounted to $107,680,000 or 33.5% of consolidated revenues in fiscal 2016, $103,867,000 or 36.7% in fiscal 2015 and $96,111,000 or 38.8% in fiscal 2014 and were derived primarily in various countries throughout Europe, Canada, South and Central America and Asia. No customer represented revenues in excess of 10% of consolidated net sales in any of the three years. The United States based operations represent 89% offollowing table presents the Company’s long-lived assets as of May 31, 2016 and 95% as May 31, 2015.

revenue disaggregated by geographical location:

   Year ended May 31 
   2019   2018 
   (in thousands) 

Revenues by Geographic Location

    

Domestic

  $248,304   $248,236 

International

   165,882    149,694 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

   414,186    397,930 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

10.

Stock Repurchase

In December 2008,October 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors passed a resolution canceling the Company’s prior stock buyback program, which had been approved in December 2008, and authorized a new program to purchase, subject to market conditions, up to 1,125,0003,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of May 31, 2016, 112,026 cumulativeIn December 2018, the Company purchased 50,000 shares have been purchasedunder the new program in negotiated and open market transactions for a total price, including commissions, of approximately $923,000. There were no purchases in fiscal years 2016 or 2015.$3,134,727. Shares purchasedacquired under the program werehave been retired.

 

11.

Summary of Quarterly Data (Unaudited)

 

  Quarter Ended   Quarter Ended 
(in thousands, except per share)  August
2015
   November
2015
   February
2016
   May
2016
   August
2018
   November
2018
   February
2019
   May 2019 

Total revenues

  $74,860    $79,610    $76,725    $90,080  

Gross margin

   37,792     38,224     35,196     41,852  

Total Revenue

  $99,626   $107,098   $97,700   $109,762 

Gross Margin

   46,729    50,033    44,628    50,530 

Net income

   9,289     9,142     8,289     9,818     15,237    16,051    13,073    15,815 

Net income attributable to Neogen

   9,323     9,073     8,311     9,857  

Basic net income per share

   0.25     0.24     0.22     0.27     0.29    0.31    0.25    0.31 

Diluted net income per share

   0.25     0.24     0.22     0.26     0.29    0.31    0.25    0.30 
  Quarter Ended   Quarter Ended 
(in thousands, except per share)  August
2014
   November
2014
   February
2015
   May
2015
   August
2017
   November
2017
   February
2018
   May 2018 

Total revenues

   67,599     68,455     68,409    $78,611  

Gross margin

   34,076     34,208     33,703     37,698  

Total Revenue

  $94,209   $100,698   $94,903   $108,120 

Gross Margin

   44,924    48,249    44,601    48,498 

Net income

   8,909     7,826     7,409     9,432     11,936    17,153    16,581    17,545 

Net income attributable to Neogen

   8,883     7,806     7,454     9,384     11,914    17,100    16,586    17,545 

Basic net income per share

   0.24     0.21     0.20     0.26     0.23    0.33    0.32    0.34 

Diluted net income per share

   0.24     0.21     0.20     0.25     0.23    0.33    0.32    0.33 

Quarterly net income per share is based on weighted-average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive stock options for the specific period, and as a result, will not necessarily aggregate to total net income per share as computed for the year as disclosed in the consolidated statements of income.

 

F-21F-26