and leasing costs), from operating cash flow. Consequently, we may rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain the necessary financing on favorable terms, in the time period that we desire or at all. Any additional debt we incur will increase our leverage, expose us to the risk of default and may impose operating restrictions on us, and any additional equity we raise could be dilutive to existing stockholders. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
general market conditions;
the market’s view of the quality of our assets;
the market’s perception of our growth potential;
our current debt levels;
our current and expected future earnings;
our cash flow and cash distributions; and
the market price per share of our common stock.securities we may issue from time to time.
If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy our principal and interest obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Covenants in our Amended and Restated theCredit Agreement governing our Unsecured Credit Facility may cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are generally required under the Code to distribute annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income, including any net capital gains. Under thecredit agreement governing our Amended and RestatedUnsecured Credit Agreement,Facility (the “Credit Agreement”), we are generally prohibited from makingsubject to various financial covenants that may inhibit our ability to make distributions in excess of 100% of Core Funds From Operations, as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.to our stockholders. If Core Funds From Operations is less than 90% ofwe are unable to make distributions to our net taxable income,stockholders, we will not be able to make sufficient distributions to maintain our REIT status. In addition, if Core Funds From Operations is greater than 90% of our net taxable income but less than 100% of our net taxable income, we will be required to pay income tax at regular corporate rates on any net taxable income we are prohibited from distributing as a result of this covenant. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, 95% of our REIT capital gain for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior years, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amount we actually distribute.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding which may affect our ability to pay distributions, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.
Our total consolidated principal indebtedness, as of December 31, 2016,2019, was approximately $374.9$612.3 million. We do not anticipate that our internally generated cash flows will be adequate to repay our existing indebtedness upon maturity, and, therefore, we expect to repay our indebtedness through refinancings and future offerings of equity and debt securities, either of which we may be unable to secure on favorable terms or at all. Our substantial outstanding indebtedness, and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements, could have other significant adverse consequences, including the following:
our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to capitalize upon emerging acquisition opportunities or meet operational needs;
we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms;
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we may be forced to enter into financing arrangements with particularly burdensome collateral requirements or restrictive covenants;
we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate our debt obligations or require us to retain cash for reserves;
we may be unable to hedge floating rate debt, counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under our hedge agreements and these agreements may not effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk;
we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their loans;
our default under any of our indebtedness with cross default provisions could result in a default on other indebtedness; and
cross default provisions on properties with minority parties could trigger indemnity obligations.
If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, market price of our common stock and preferred stock and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to you could be adversely affected. In addition, any foreclosure on our properties could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could adversely affect our ability to meet the distribution requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We could become highly leveraged in the future because our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur.
As of December 31, 2016,2019, our principal indebtedness represented approximately 56.7%49.8% of our total assets. However, our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of indebtedness that we or City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (our “Operating Partnership”) may incur. We could alter the balance between our total outstanding indebtedness and the value of our properties at any time. If we become more highly leveraged, the resulting increase in outstanding debt could adversely affect our ability to make debt service payments, to pay our anticipated distributions and to make the distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the trading price of our securities.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
In providing financing to us, a lender may impose restrictions on us that would affect our ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments, reduce liquidity below certain levels, make distributions to our stockholders and otherwise affect our distribution and operating policies. In general, we expect that our loan agreements will restrict our ability to encumber or otherwise transfer our interest in the respective property without the prior consent of the lender. Such loan documents may contain other negative covenants that may limit our ability to discontinue insurance coverage or impose other limitations. Any such restriction or limitation may limit our ability to make distributions to you. Further, such restrictions could make it difficult for us to satisfy the requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We may engage in hedging transactions, which can limit our gains and increase exposure to losses.
Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may enter into hedging transactions to protect us from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt. Our hedging transactions may include entering
into interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap or floor agreements, or other interest rate exchange contracts. Hedging activities may not have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial
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condition. No hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates. Moreover, interest rate hedging could fail to protect us or adversely affect us because, among other things:
available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which we seek protection;
the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay;
the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
the value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value, such as downward adjustments, or“mark-to-market losses,” which would reduce our stockholders’ equity.
Hedging involves risk and typically involves costs, including transaction costs, that may reduce our overall returns on our investments. These costs increase as the period covered by the hedging increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. These costs will also limit the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders. We generally intend to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as we determine is in our best interests given the cost of such hedging transactions. The REIT tax rules may limit our ability to enter into hedging transactions by requiring us to limit our income fromnon-qualifying hedges. If we are unable to hedge effectively because of the REIT tax rules, we will face greater interest rate exposure than may be commercially prudent.
In September 2019, in connection with the increase in authorized borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility from $250.0 million to $300.0 million, we entered into the five-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50.0 million (the “Interest Rate Swap”). Pursuant to the Interest Rate Swap, the Company will pay a fixed rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate30-day LIBOR payments.
The Interest Rate Swap has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge and has been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
As of December 31, 2019, the Interest Rate Swap was reported as an asset at its fair value of approximately $0.7 million, which is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 2019 the amount of realized gains reclassified to interest expense due to payments received by the swap counterparty was $0.1 million. Accordingly, the fair value of the Interest Rate Swap has been classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Changes in the method pursuant to which reference rates are determined and phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may affect our financial results.
The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, has announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Furthermore, in the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial
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institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing SOFR rates in April 2018. The market transition away from LIBOR and towards SOFR is expected to be gradual and complicated. There are significant differences between LIBOR and SOFR, such as LIBOR being an unsecured lending rate and SOFR a secured lending rate, and SOFR is an overnight rate and LIBOR reflects term rates at different maturities. Although there have been some issuances utilizing SOFR, it is unknown whether this alternative reference rate will attain market acceptance as a replacement for LIBOR. These and other differences create the potential for basis risk between the two rates. The impact of any basis risk between LIBOR and SOFR may negatively affect our operating results. In addition, there is currently no definitive information regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate. Any of these alternative methods may result in interest rates that are higher than if LIBOR were available in its current form, which could have a material adverse effect on results. As such, the potential effect on us cannot yet be determined.
Any changes announced by the FCA, including the FCA Announcement, other regulators or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method pursuant to which the reference rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported reference rates. If that were to occur, the level of interest payments we incur may change. In addition, although certain of our LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest rate payable on certain of our obligations if LIBOR is not reported, which include requesting certain rates from major reference banks in London or New York, or alternatively using LIBOR for the immediately preceding interest period or using the initial interest rate, as applicable, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR rate was available in its current form.
Economic conditions may adversely affect the real estate market and our income.
Continued concerns regarding the uncertaintyUncertainty over whether the U.S. economy will be adversely affected by inflation deflation or stagflation, and the systemic impact of increased unemployment and underemployment, volatile energy costs, geopolitical issues, the possibility of any pandemic, the availability and cost of credit, future policy and fiscal decisiondecisions of the new administration,federal government, the mortgage market in the United States and a distressedthe late-cycle real estate market have contributedmay contribute to increased market volatility and threatenedor threaten business and consumer confidence. This uncertain operating environment could adversely affect our ability to generate revenues, thereby reducing our operating income and earnings.
In addition, local real estate conditions such as an oversupply of properties or a reduction in demand for properties, competition from other similar properties, our ability to provide or arrange for adequate maintenance, insurance and management and advisory services, increased operating costs (including real estate taxes), the attractiveness, location of the property, changes in market rental rates and region-specific legislation or political initiatives may adversely affect a property’s income and value. A rise in energy costs could result in higher operating costs, which may affect our results of operations. In addition, local conditions in the markets in which we own or intend to own properties may significantly affect occupancy or rental rates at such properties. Events that could prevent us from raising or maintaining rents or cause us to reduce rents include layoffs, plant closings, relocations of significant local employers and other events reducing local employment rates, an oversupply of—or a lack of demand for—office space, a decline in household formation, the inability or unwillingness of tenants to pay rent increases, and geopolitical developments having a disproportionate effect on the markets in which we operate.
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Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by the capital markets, our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners’ financial condition and any disputes that may arise between us and our joint venture partners.
We have in the pastco-invested, and may in the futureco-invest, with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other structures, acquiringnon-controlling interests in, or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of, a property, partnership,co-tenancy or other entity. Investments in joint ventures may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present when a third party is not involved, including potential deadlocks in making major decisions, restrictions on our ability to exit the joint venture, reliance on our joint venture partners and the possibility that joint venture partners might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, thus exposing us to liabilities in excess of our share of the investment or take action that could jeopardize our REIT status. The funding of our capital contributions may be dependent on proceeds from asset sales, credit facility advances and/or sales of equity securities. Joint venture partners may have business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. We may in specific circumstances be liable for the actions of our joint venture partners. In addition, any disputes that may arise between us and joint venture partners may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses.
We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and market price of our common stock.
The properties in our portfolio are subject to various covenants and federal, state and local laws and regulatory requirements, including permitting and licensing requirements. Local regulations, including municipal or local ordinances, zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by community developers may restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval or waivers from local officials or restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials of community standards organizations at any time with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. Among other things, these restrictions may relate to fire and safety, seismic or hazardous material abatement requirements. There can be no assurance that existing or future laws and regulatory policies, including federal laws or executive actions affecting the markets in which we operate, will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that could increase such delays or result in additional costs. Our growth strategy may be affected by our ability to obtain permits, licenses and zoning relief. Our failure to obtain such permits, licenses and zoning relief or to comply with applicable laws could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
We could incur significant costs related to government regulation and private litigation over environmental matters involving the presence, discharge or threat of discharge of hazardous or toxic substances, which could adversely affect our operations, the value of our properties and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our properties may be subject to environmental liabilities. Under various federal, state and local laws, a current or previous owner, operator or tenant of real estate can face liability for environmental contamination created by the presence, discharge or threat of discharge of hazardous or toxic substances. Liabilities can include the cost to investigate, clean up and monitor the actual or threatened contamination and damages caused by the contamination or threatened contamination.
The liability under such laws may be strict, joint and several, meaning that we may be liable regardless of whether we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the government entity or private party may seek recovery of the entire amount from us even if there are other responsible parties.
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Liabilities associated with environmental conditions may be significant and can sometimes exceed the value of
the affected property. The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent that property or to borrow using that property as collateral.
Environmental laws also:
may require the removal or upgrade of underground storage tanks;
regulate the discharge of storm water, wastewater and other pollutants;
regulate air pollutant emissions;
regulate hazardous materials’ generation, management and disposal; and
regulate workplace health and safety.
Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose us to liability related to environmental matters.
Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I or similar environmental site assessments on all of our properties. Site assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. These assessments do not generally include subsurface investigations or mold or asbestos surveys. None of the recent site assessments revealed any past or present environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. However, the assessments may have failed to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may have arisen after the review was completed or may arise in the future; and future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability.
Costs of future environmental compliance could negatively affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and remedial measures required to address such conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Our properties may contain asbestos or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem, which could adversely affect the value of the affected property and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We are required by federal regulations with respect to our properties to identify and warn, via signs and labels, of potential hazards posed by workplace exposure to installed asbestos-containing materials (“ACMs”) and potential ACMs. We may be subject to an increased risk of personal injury lawsuits by workers and others exposed to ACMs and potential ACMs at our properties as a result of these regulations. The regulations may affect the value of any of our properties containing ACMs and potential ACMs. Federal, state and local laws and regulations also govern the removal, encapsulation, disturbance, handling and disposal of ACMs and potential ACMs when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of construction, remodeling, renovation or demolition of a property.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing because exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions.
The presence of ACMs or significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the ACMs or mold from the affected property. In addition, the presence of ACMs or significant mold could expose us to claims of liability to our tenants, their or our employees, and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
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Potential losses, including from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and title claims, may not be covered by insurance.
Certain of our properties are located in states where natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes are more common than in other states. Given recent extreme weather events across other parts of the United States, including devastating hurricanes in Florida and wildfires in California, it is also possible that our other properties could incur significant damage due to other natural disasters. While we carry insurance to cover a substantial portion of the cost of such events, such as draughtsdroughts or flooding, our insurance includes deductible amounts and certain items may not be covered by insurance. Future natural disasters may significantly affect our operations and properties and, more specifically, may cause us to experience reduced rental revenue (including from increased vacancy), incurclean-up costs or otherwise incur costs in connection with such events. Any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Furthermore, we do not carry insurance for certain losses, including, but not limited to, losses caused by certain environmental conditions, such as mold or asbestos, riots, civil unrest or war. In addition, our title insurance policies may not insure for the current aggregate market value of our portfolio, and we do not intend to increase our title insurance coverage as the market value of our portfolio increases. As a result, we may not have sufficient coverage against all losses that we may experience, including from adverse title claims.
If we experience a loss that is uninsured or exceeds policy limits, we could incur significant costs and lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged.
Moreover, we carry several different lines of insurance, placed with several large insurance carriers. If any one of these large insurance carriers were to become insolvent, we would be forced to replace the existing insurance coverage with another suitable carrier and any outstanding claims would be at risk for collection. In such an event, we cannot be certain that we would be able to replace the coverage at similar or otherwise favorable terms. Replacing insurance coverage at unfavorable rates and the potential of uncollectible claims due to carrier insolvency could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.
Climate change may adversely affect our business.
To the extent that climate change does occur, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage or a decrease in demand for our properties located in the areas affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties in order to comply with such regulations.
We may be limited in our ability to diversify our investments making us more vulnerable economically than if our investments were diversified.
Our ability to diversify our portfolio may be limited both as to the number of investments owned and the geographic regions in which our investments are located. While we seek to diversify our portfolio by geographic location, we focus on our specified target markets that we believe offer the opportunity for attractive returns and, accordingly, our actual investments may result in concentrations in a limited number of geographic regions. As a result, there is an increased likelihood that the performance of any single property, or the economic performance of a particular region in which our properties are located, could materially affect our operating results.
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We may acquire properties withlock-out provisions, or agree to such provisions in connection with obtaining financing, which may prohibit us from selling or refinancing a property during thelock-out period.
We may acquire properties in exchange for common units and agree to restrictions on sales or refinancing, called“lock-out” provisions, which are intended to preserve favorable tax treatment for the owners of such properties who sell them to us. In addition, we may agree tolock-out provisions in connection with obtaining financing for the acquisition of properties.Lock-out provisions could materially restrict us from selling, otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These restrictions could affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders.Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take actions during thelock-out period that would otherwise be in the best interests of
our stockholders and, therefore, could adversely impact the market value of our common stock. In particular,lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
The real estate investments made, and to be made, by us are relatively difficult to sell quickly. As a result, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objectives by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, our ability to dispose of one or more properties is subject to weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions such as the recent economic downturn, and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of jurisdictions in which the property is located. Furthermore, our ability to dispose of the properties that we acquired through our initial public offering within the four years immediately following the completion of our initial public offering and the related Formation Transactions is subject to certain limitations imposed by our tax protection agreements.
In addition, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT’s ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forego or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interest. Therefore, we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser.
If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use commercially reasonable efforts to sell them for cash. However, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. If we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchasers which would reduce the value of our assets, impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and reduce the price of our common stock.
We may be unable to collect balances due on our leases from any tenants in bankruptcy, which could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of one or more of our tenants may adversely affect the income produced by our properties. We cannot assure you that any tenant that files for bankruptcy protection will continue to pay us rent. If a tenant files for bankruptcy, any or all of the tenant’s or a guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Chapter 11 or Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Such a
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bankruptcy filing would impose an automatic stay barring all efforts by us to collectpre-bankruptcy rents from these entities or their properties, unless we receive an order from the bankruptcy court lifting the automatic stay to permit us to pursue collections. A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases and could ultimately preclude collection of these sums. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would only have a general unsecured claim for damages. This claim could be paid only in the event funds were available and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims. Our claim would be capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the
greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. Therefore, if a lease is rejected, it is possible that we would not receive payment from the tenant or that we would receive substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims we hold, which would result in a reduction in our rental income, cash flow and the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may face additional risks and costs associated with owning properties occupied by government tenants, which could negatively impact our cash flows and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2016,2019, we owned seven properties in which some or all of the tenants are federal government agencies. We may continue to pursue the acquisition of office properties in which substantial space is leased to governmental agencies. As such, lease agreements with these federal government agencies contain certain provisions required by federal law, which require, among other things, that the contractor (which is the lessor or the owner of the property), agree to comply with certain rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, rules and regulations related to anti-kickback procedures, examination of records, audits and records, equal opportunity provisions, prohibition against segregated facilities, certain executive orders, subcontractor cost or pricing data, certain provisions intending to assist small businesses and contractual rights of termination by the tenants. We may be subject to requirements of the Employment Standards Administration’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs and requirements to prepare affirmative action plans pursuant to the applicable executive order may be determined to be applicable to us.
In addition, some of our leases with government tenants may be subject to statutory or contractual rights of termination by the tenants, which will allow them to vacate the leased premises before the stated terms of the leases expire with little or no liability. For fiscal policy reasons, security concerns or other reasons, some or all of our government tenants may decide to vacate our properties. If a significant number of such vacancies occur, our rental income may materially decline, our cash flow and results of operations could be adversely affected and our ability to pay regular distributions to you may be jeopardized.
Our government tenants are also subject to discretionary funding from the federal government. Federal government programs are subject to annual congressional budget authorization and appropriation processes. For many programs, Congress appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though the program performance period may extend over several years. Laws and plans adopted by the U.S. Governmentfederal government relating to, along with pressures on and uncertainty surrounding the federal budget, potential changes in priorities and spending levels, sequestration, the appropriations process, use of continuing resolutions (with restrictions, e.g., on new starts) and the permissible federal debt limit, could adversely affect the funding for our government tenants. The budget environment and uncertainty surrounding the appropriations processes remain significant long-term risks as budget cuts could adversely affect the viability of our government tenants.
Some of the leases at our properties contain “early termination” provisions which, if triggered, may allow tenants to terminate their leases without further payment to us, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of the applicable property.
Certain tenants have a right to terminate their leases upon payment of a penalty, but others are not required to pay any penalty associated with an early termination. Most of our tenants that are federal or state governmental agencies, which account for approximately 53.9%12.0% of the base rental revenue from our properties as
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of December 31, 2016,2019, may, under certain circumstances, vacate the leased premises before the stated terms of the leases expire with little or no liability to us. There can be no assurance that tenants will continue their activities and continue occupancy of the premises. Any cessation of occupancy by tenants may have an adverse effect on our operations.
The federal government’s “green lease” policies may adversely affect us.
In recent years, the federal government has instituted “green lease” policies which allow a government tenant to require leadership in energy and environmental design for commercial interiors, or LEED®-CI,
certification in selecting new premises or renewing leases at existing premises. In addition, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 allows the General Services Administration to prefer buildings for lease that have received an “Energy Star” label. Obtaining such certifications and labels may be costly and time consuming, but our failure to do so may result in our competitive disadvantage in acquiring new or retaining existing government tenants.
We may be unable to complete acquisitions and, even if acquisitions are completed, we may fail to successfully operate acquired properties.
Our business plan includes, among other things, growth through identifying suitable acquisition opportunities, consummating acquisitions and leasing such properties. We will evaluate the market of available properties and may acquire properties when we believe strategic opportunities exist. Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully develop or operate them is subject to, among others, the following risks:
we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other real estate investors with substantial capital, including from other REITs and institutional investment funds;
even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price;
even if we enter into agreements for the acquisition of properties, these agreements are subject to customary conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction;
we may incur significant costs in connection with evaluation and negotiation of potential acquisitions, including acquisitions that we are subsequently unable to complete;
we may acquire properties that are not initially accretive to our results upon acquisition, and we may not successfully lease those properties to meet our expectations;
we may be unable to finance the acquisition on favorable terms in the time period we desire, or at all;
even if we are able to finance the acquisition, our cash flows may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
we may spend more than budgeted to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties;
we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly the acquisition of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations;
market conditions may result in higher than expected vacancy rates and lower than expected rental rates; and
we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities forclean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by tenants or other persons dealing with former owners of the properties and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
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Acquired properties may be located in new markets where we may face risks associated with investing in an unfamiliar market.
We may acquire properties in markets that are new to us. When we acquire properties located in new markets, we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local government and permitting procedures. We work to mitigate such risks through extensive diligence and research and associations with experienced service providers. However, there can be no guarantee that all such risks will be eliminated.
Adverse market and economic conditions could cause us to recognize impairment charges or otherwise impact our performance.
We intend to review the carrying value of our properties when circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, (including conditions resulting from the recent economic downturn), indicate a potential impairment may exist. We intend to base our review on an estimate of the future cash flows (excluding interest charges) expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition on an undiscounted basis. We intend to consider factors such as future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If our evaluation indicates that we may be unable to recover the carrying value of a real estate investment, an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
Impairment losses would have a direct impact on our operating results because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to our operating results. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. If the real estate market deteriorates, we may reevaluate the assumptions used in our impairment analysis. Impairment charges could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions on, and the per share market price of, our common stock or preferred stock.
Litigation may result in unfavorable outcomes.
Like many real estate operators, we may be involved in lawsuits involving premises liability claims and alleged violations of landlord-tenant laws, which may give rise to class action litigation or governmental investigations. Any material litigation not covered by insurance, such as a class action, could result in us incurring substantial costs and harm our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions to you.
We may invest in properties with other entities, and our lack of sole decision-making authority or reliance on a joint-venturer’s financial condition could make these joint venture investments risky and expose us to losses or impact our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We mayco-invest in the future with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities. We may acquirenon-controlling interests or share responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. In such events, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property or entity. Investments in entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved. These risks include the possibility that partners or joint-venturers:
might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions;
may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals; and
may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives or exercise rights to buy or sell at an inopportune time for us.
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Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale or refinancing of the property, because neither we nor the partner or joint-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or joint-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business or result in costs to terminate the relationship. Actions of partners or joint-venturers may cause losses to our investments and adversely affect our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or joint-venturers if:
we structure a joint venture or conduct business in a manner that is deemed to be a general partnership with a third party;
we agree to cross default provisions or to cross-collateralize our properties with the properties in a joint venture, in which case we could face liability if there is a default relating to those properties in the joint venture or the obligations relating to those properties.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar laws may require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures.
All of our properties and any future properties that we acquire are and will be required to comply with the ADA. The ADA requires that all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. For those projects receiving federal funds, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (the “RA”) also has requirements regarding disabled access. Although we believe that our properties are substantially in compliance with the present requirements, we may incur unanticipated expenses to comply with the ADA, the RA and other applicable legislation in connection with the ongoing operation or redevelopment of our properties. These and other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to our properties, or affect renovations of our properties.Non-compliance with these laws could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants and also could result in an order to correct anynon-complying feature, which could result in substantial capital expenditures.
Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment, which may adversely impact our cash flows.
Even as a REIT, we will be required to pay some state and local taxes on our properties. The real property taxes on our properties may increase as property tax rates change or as our properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Therefore, the amount of property taxes that we pay in the future may increase substantially. In addition, the real property taxes on Cherry Creek are reduced due to having a government user as its largest tenant and loss of such tenant would increase the amount of property taxes. If the property taxes that we pay increase, our cash flow could be impacted, and our ability to pay expected distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against members of our board of directors or our executive officers.
SomeMost of the members of our board of directors and our executive officers reside in Canada and substantially all of the assets of such persons are located in Canada. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States or in any other jurisdiction outside of Canada upon these persons or to enforce against them in any jurisdiction outside of Canada judgments predicated upon the laws of any such jurisdiction, including any judgment predicated upon the federal and state securities laws of the United States.
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Our commitments to Second City Real Estate II Corporation (“Second City”), Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership (“Clarity RE”), Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (together with Clarity RE, “Clarity”), and their respective affiliates may give rise to various conflicts of interest.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with Second City and Clarity. As a result of the internalization of our former external advisor on February 1, 2016, we agreed to allow our management to continue to provide services to Second City under the terms of anadministrative services agreement. In addition, the terms of the administrative services agreement and theemployment agreements we entered into with each of our executive officers permit, under certain circumstances and subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, our executive officers to advise or oversee new or additional funds in the future. On July 31, 2019, we, through an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a separate administrative services agreement with Clarity to provide administrative services to Clarity similar to those provided to Second City. These arrangements with Second City and Clarity may create potential conflicts of interests, including competition for the time and services of personnel that work for us and our affiliates.
Our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting.
The design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent all errors, misstatements or misrepresentations. While management will continue to review the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, there can be no guarantee that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in accomplishing all control objectives all of the time. Deficiencies, including any material weakness, in our internal control over financial reporting that may occur in the future could result in misstatements of our results of operations, restatements of our financial statements, or otherwise adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the quoted trading price of our securities, and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to our security holders.
Risks Related to Our Status Asas a REIT
Our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT would result in significant adverse tax consequences to us and would adversely affect our business and the value of our stock.
We have elected and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex tax rules, for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The fact that we hold substantially all of our assets through our Operating Partnership further complicates the application of the REIT requirements. Even a seemingly minor technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Our REIT status depends upon various factual matters and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control. For example, in order to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, such as rents from real property, and we must satisfy a number of requirements regarding the composition of our assets. Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. In addition, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions, each of which could have retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to maintain our qualifiactionasqualification as a REIT, or could reduce the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this annual report are not binding on the IRS or any court. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in maintaining our qualification as a REIT.
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If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences that would substantially reduce the funds available to distribute to you. If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT:
we would not be allowed to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
we could also be subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax for taxable years prior to 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year in which we were disqualified.
In addition, if we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we will not be required to make distributions to stockholders. As a result of all these factors, our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital and would adversely affect the value of our capital stock.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, state and local income, property and excise taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. In addition, our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) are subject to tax as regular corporations in the jurisdictions in which they operate.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions to make distributions to our stockholders.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, and we will be subject to regular corporate income taxes to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income each year. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds to meet the REIT distribution requirements. These borrowing needs could result from:
differences in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures;
the creation of reserves; or
required debt or amortization payments.
We may need to borrow funds at times when the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for borrowing. These borrowings could increase our costs or reduce our equity and adversely affect the value of our common stock.
If our Operating Partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe that our Operating Partnership will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our Operating Partnership generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, will be required to pay tax on its allocable share of our Operating Partnership’s income. We cannot assure you, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of our Operating Partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our Operating Partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our Operating Partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership could cause it to become subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to “qualified dividends”qualified dividend income payable to certainnon-corporate U.S. stockholders, including individuals, trusts and estates, is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rate.qualified dividend rates. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026,non-corporate taxpayers may deduct up to 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations, resulting in an
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effective maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 29.6% on such income. Although these rules dothe reduced U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends and the reduced corporate tax rate could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks ofnon-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the market price of our capital stock.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held in inventory primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as inventory held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the IRS would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors.
We may face risks in connection with like-kind exchanges pursuant to section 1031 of the Code (“Section 1031 Exchanges”).
From time to time, we dispose of properties in transactions that are intended to qualify as Section 1031 Exchanges. It is possible that the qualification of a transaction as a Section 1031 Exchange could be successfully challenged and determined to be currently taxable or that we may be unable to identify and complete the acquisition of a suitable replacement property to effect a Section 1031 Exchange. In such case, our taxable income and earnings and profits would increase. This could increase the dividend income to our stockholders by reducing any return of capital they received. In some circumstances, we may be required to pay additional dividends or, in lieu of that, corporate income tax, possibly including interest and penalties. As a result, we may be required to borrow funds in order to pay additional dividends or taxes and the payment of such taxes could cause us to have less cash available to distribute to our stockholders. In addition, if a Section 1031 Exchange were later to be determined to be taxable, we may be required to amend our tax returns for the applicable year in question, including any information reports we sent our stockholders, and we may be required to make a special dividend payment to our shareholders if we are unable to mitigate the taxable gains realized. Moreover, for exchanges completed after December 31, 2017, unless the property was disposed of or received in the exchange on or before such date, section 1031 of the Code permits exchanges of real property only. It is possible that additional legislation could be enacted that could further modify or repeal the laws with respect to Section 1031 Exchanges, which could make it more difficult or not possible for us to dispose of properties on a tax deferred basis.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts that we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities, securities of any qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS of ours and securities that are qualified real estate assets) generally may not include more than 10% of the
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outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities, securities of any qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS of ours and securities that are qualified real estate assets) may consist of the securities of any one issuer. No more than 25% (20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017)20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of our assets can be represented by debt of “publicly offered” REITs (i.e., REITs that are required to file annual and periodic reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act) that is not secured by real property or interests in real property. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must remedy the failure within 30 days or qualify for certain limited statutory relief provisions to avoid losing status as a REIT. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of our shares of capital stock.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs may be amended or the administrative and judicial interpretations of those laws may be changed. We cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative and judicial interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective, and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may be effective retroactively. In addition, according to publicly released statements, a top legislative priority ofWe cannot predict the Trump administration and Congress may be significant reform of the Code, including significant changes to taxation of business entities. There is a substantial lack of clarity around both the timing and the detailslong-term effect of any such tax reformrecent changes or any future changes on REITs and the impact of any potential tax reform on an investment in us.their stockholders. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative and judicial interpretation.
Risks Associated With the Internalization
We are subject to risks and uncertainties associated with the Internalization.
We have a limited operating history, particularly as an internally-managed company. Prior to the internalization of our management, we were externally managed by City Office Real Estate Management Inc. Realizing our business objectives depends in large part on the ability of our internal management structure to effectively manage theday-to-day operations of our assets and properties. We cannot assure you that our past performance with external management will be indicative of internal management’s ability to function effectively and successfully operate our Company. If our internal management structure is not successful in managing our properties to achieve the investment returns we anticipate, our operations may be adversely impacted.
Our commitment to Second City following our internalization may give rise to various conflicts of interest.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with Second City and its affiliates. As a result of our Internalization, our management will continue to provide services to Second City under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement. An example of these potential conflicts of interests includes competition for the time and services of personnel that work for us and our affiliates.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our Operating Partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our Operating Partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our Company under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our Company. At the same time, we, as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners under Maryland law and thepartnership agreement of our Operating Partnership in connection with the management of our Operating Partnership. Our fiduciary duties and obligations as general partner to our Operating Partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company.
Additionally, the partnership agreement provides that we and our officers, directors and employees, will not be liable or accountable to our Operating Partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived if we, or such officer, director or employee acted in good faith. The partnership agreement also provides that we will not be liable to our Operating Partnership or any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by our Operating Partnership or any limited partner, except for liability for our intentional harm or gross negligence. Moreover, the partnership agreement provides that our Operating Partnership is required to indemnify us and our officers, directors, employees, agents and designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our Operating Partnership, except (1) if the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) for any transaction for which the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit, in money, property or services or otherwise in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, if the indemnified person had
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reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. We are not aware of any reported decision of a Maryland appellate court that has interpreted provisions similar to the provisions of the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership that modify and reduce our fiduciary duties or obligations as the general partner or reduce or eliminate our liability for money damages to our Operating Partnership and its partners, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel as to the enforceability of the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to modify or reduce the fiduciary duties that would be in effect were it not for the partnership agreement.
The consideration that we pay for the properties and assets we own may exceed their aggregate fair market value.
The amount of consideration that we pay for properties is based on management’s estimate of fair market value, including an analysis of market sales comparables, market capitalization rates for other properties and assets and general market conditions for such properties and assets. In certain instances, management’s estimate of fair market value may exceed the fair market value of these properties and assets.
We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our Operating Partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through our Operating Partnership. We do not have, apart from an interest in our Operating Partnership, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from our Operating Partnership to pay any dividends that we may declare on shares of our capital stock. We also rely on distributions from our Operating Partnership to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from our Operating Partnership. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
We may have assumed unknown liabilities in connection with our acquisition of properties and any properties we may acquire in the future may expose us to unknown liabilities.
As part of the Formation Transactions and thereafter, weWe may have acquired entities and assets that may be subject to existing liabilities, some of which may be unknown or unquantifiable. These assumed liabilities might include liabilities for cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions, claims by tenants, vendors, tax liabilities and accrued but unpaid liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business or other potential claims or liabilities. While in some instances we may have the right to seek reimbursement against an insurer, any recourse against third parties, including the contributors of our assets, for these liabilities are limited. There can be no assurance that we are entitled to any such reimbursements or that ultimately we will be able to recover in respect of such rights for any of these historical liabilities.
In addition, there can be no assurance that our current title insurance policies will adequately protect us against any losses resulting from such title defects or adverse developments.
We may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:
liabilities forclean-up of undisclosed or undiscovered environmental contamination
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claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;
liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
We may be unable to renew expiring leases orre-lease vacant space on a timely basis or on attractive terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flow.
At December 31, 2016,2019, approximately 18.6%8.1%, 16.5%15.3% and 14.8%14.4% of our annualized cash basisbase rent is scheduled to expire in 2017, 20182020, 2021, and 2019,2022, respectively, excludingmonth-to-month leases. Current tenants may not renew their leases upon the expiration of their terms and may attempt to terminate their leases prior to the expiration of their current terms. Ifnon-renewals or terminations occur, we may not be able to locate qualified replacement tenants and, as a result, we could lose a significant source of revenue while remaining responsible for the payment of our financial obligations. Moreover, the terms of a renewal or new lease, including the
amount of rent, may be less favorable to us than the current lease terms, or we may be forced to provide tenant improvements at our expense or provide other concessions or additional services to maintain or attract tenants. Any of these factors could cause a decline in lease revenue or an increase in operating expenses, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flow.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.
Despite system redundancy and the implementation of security measures for our IT networks and related systems, our systems are vulnerable to damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication failures. We rely on our IT networks and related systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and keeping of records, which may include personal identifying information of tenants and lease data. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing confidential tenant information, such as individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our IT networks and related systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our operations. As such, any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.
We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments toe-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to performday-to-day operations (including managing our building systems), and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. There can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could, among other things:
result in unauthorized access to, destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, including personally
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identifiable and account information that could be used to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; |
result in unauthorized access to or changes to our financial accounting and reporting systems and related data;
result in our inability to maintain building systems relied on by our tenants;
require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damage that results;
subject us to regulatory penalties or claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or terminations of leases or other agreements; or
damage our reputation among our tenants and investors.
These events could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the quoted trading price of our securities, and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to our security holders.
We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or OFAC, maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned, or Prohibited Persons. OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons. Certain of our loan and other agreements may require us to comply with these OFAC requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC list, we may be required by the OFAC requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful.
Our taxTax protection agreements couldmay limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties.
In connection with our initial public offeringproperties and the related Formation Transactions, our Operating Partnership entered into tax protection agreements that provide that if we dispose of any interest in our initial properties in a taxable transaction prior to the fourth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, subject to certain exceptions, we will indemnify certain contributors of properties in our Formation Transactions for their tax liabilities attributable to thebuilt-in gain that exists with respect to our properties as of the time of our initial public offering and their tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment. Therefore, although it may be in our stockholders’ best interests that we sell one of these properties, it may be economically prohibitive for us to do so because of these obligations. Moreover, as a result of these potential tax liabilities, certain of our officers may have a conflict of interest with respect to our determination as to these properties.
Our tax protection agreements may require our Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate our business.
UnderIn connection with contributions of properties to our Operating Partnership, our Operating Partnership has entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements under which it agrees to minimize the tax consequences to the contributing partners resulting from the sale or other disposition of the contributed properties. Tax protection agreements may make it economically prohibitive to sell any properties that are subject to such agreements even though it may otherwise be in our Operating Partnership isstockholders’ best interests to do so. In addition, we may be required to maintain a minimum level of indebtedness throughout the four years immediately following our initial public offering and the related Formation Transactions,term of any tax protection agreement regardless of whether such debt levels are otherwise required to operate our business. Moreover,Nevertheless, we have entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements to assist contributors of properties to our Operating Partnership may be required to provide certain contributors of properties in our Formation Transactions with the opportunity to guarantee debt upon a future repayment, retirement, refinancing
or other reduction of currently outstanding debt prior to the fourth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering. After such fourth anniversary, our Operating Partnership will be required to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the protected parties with an opportunity to guarantee its debt, provided that it will not be required to incur any debt that it otherwise would not have incurred. If we fail to make such opportunities available, we will be required to make a cash payment intended to approximate the sum of the tax liabilities resulting from our failure to make such opportunities available or to maintain the minimum level of indebtedness and the tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment. We agreed to these provisions in order to assist the contributors and their owners in deferring the recognition of taxable gain as a result of and after our initial public offering and the related Formation Transactions. These obligations may require us to maintain more or different indebtedness than we would otherwise require for our business.any such contribution.
Our charter, our amended and restated bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares.
Our charter contains ownership limits that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to qualify as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, our charter provides that no person may own more than 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares of capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or
27
number (whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Our board of directors may not grant such an exemption to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the foregoing ownership limits would result in the termination of our status as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify as a REIT. The ownership limit may delay or impede a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
We could authorize and issue stock without stockholder approval that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. Our board of directors may also, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase the authorized number of shares of our common stock or our preferred stock that we may issue. Our board of directors could establish a class or series of common stock or preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control. In some cases, such an acquisition or change of control could provide you with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of your shares. These MGCL provisions include:
“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” for certain periods. An “interested stockholder” is generally any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within thetwo-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then-outstanding voting stock. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if our board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. Business combinations with an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. After that period, the MGCL imposes two super-majority voting requirements on such combinations; and
In the case of the business combination provisions of the MGCL, we opted out by resolution of our board of directors. In the case of the control share provisions of the MGCL, we opted out pursuant to a provision in our amended and restated bylaws. However, our board of directors may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL. Further, we may opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future by amending our bylaws, which our board of directors can do without stockholder approval.
Maryland law, and our charter and amended and restated bylaws, also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
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The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT status without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.
Our board of directors may amend our investing and financing guidelines without stockholder approval, and, accordingly, you would have limited control over changes in our policies that could increase the risk that we default under our debt obligations or that could harm our business, results of operations and share price.
Although we are not required to maintain any particular leverage ratio, we intend, when appropriate, to employ prudent amounts of leverage and to use debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of our target assets and the diversification of our portfolio. Our organizational documents do not limit the amount or percentage of debt that we may incur, nor do they limit the types of properties that we may acquire or develop. The amount of leverage we will deploy for particular investments in our target assets will depend upon our management team’s assessment of a variety of factors, which may include the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the target assets in our investment portfolio, the potential for losses, the availability and cost of financing the assets, our opinion of the creditworthiness of our financing counterparties, the health of the U.S. economy and commercial mortgage markets, our outlook for the level, slope and volatility of interest rates, the credit quality of our target assets and the collateral underlying our target assets. Our board of directors may alter or eliminate our current guidelines on investing and financing at any time without stockholder approval. Changes in our strategy or in our investing and financing guidelines could expose us to greater credit risk and interest rate risk and could also result in a more leveraged balance sheet. These factors could result in an increase in our debt service and could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make expected distributions to you. Higher leverage also increases the risk that we would default on our debt.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer generally has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and
with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or
active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
In addition, our charter authorizes us to obligate our Company, and our amended and restated bylaws require us, to indemnify and pay or reimburse our present and former directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken in good faith by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our Company, your ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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| ITEM 2. |
As of December 31, 2016,2019, we owned 1825 office complexes comprised of 3765 office buildings with a total of approximately 4.45.8 million square feet of NRA in the metropolitan areas of Boise, Dallas, Denver, Orlando, Phenix,Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, Seattle and Tampa. The following table presents an overview of our portfolio as of December 31, 2016.2019.
Metropolitan Area | Property | Economic Interest | NRA (000s Square Feet) | In Place Occupancy | Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot | Annualized Gross Rent per Square Foot(1) | Annualized Base Rent(2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Tampa, FL | Park Tower | 95.0 | % | 473 | 85.1 | % | $ | 20.78 | $ | 20.78 | $ | 8,359 | ||||||||||||||
City Center | 95.0 | % | 241 | 98.4 | % | $ | 24.01 | $ | 24.01 | $ | 5,695 | |||||||||||||||
Intellicenter | 100.0 | % | 204 | 100.0 | % | $ | 22.37 | $ | 22.37 | $ | 4,552 | |||||||||||||||
Carillon Point | 100.0 | % | 124 | 100.0 | % | $ | 26.13 | $ | 26.13 | $ | 3,245 | |||||||||||||||
Denver, CO | Cherry Creek | 100.0 | % | 356 | 100.0 | % | $ | 17.61 | $ | 17.61 | $ | 6,262 | ||||||||||||||
Plaza 25 | 100.0 | % | 196 | 68.1 | % | $ | 20.32 | $ | 20.32 | $ | 2,704 | |||||||||||||||
DTC Crossroads | 100.0 | % | 191 | 92.4 | % | $ | 25.12 | $ | 25.12 | $ | 4,431 | |||||||||||||||
Superior Pointe | 100.0 | % | 149 | 82.5 | % | $ | 16.13 | $ | 26.13 | $ | 1,983 | |||||||||||||||
Logan Tower | 100.0 | % | 70 | 95.5 | % | $ | 19.06 | $ | 19.06 | $ | 1,276 | |||||||||||||||
Boise, ID | Washington Group Plaza | 100.0 | % | 581 | 83.7 | % | $ | 17.32 | $ | 17.32 | $ | 8,421 | ||||||||||||||
Orlando, FL | FRP Collection | 95.0 | % | 272 | 93.5 | % | $ | 25.03 | $ | 27.41 | $ | 6,354 | ||||||||||||||
Central Fairwinds | 90.0 | % | 170 | 89.8 | % | $ | 26.00 | $ | 26.00 | $ | 3,960 | |||||||||||||||
FRP Ingenuity Drive | 100.0 | % | 125 | 100.0 | % | $ | 20.50 | $ | 28.50 | $ | 2,552 | |||||||||||||||
Dallas, TX | 190 Office Center | 100.0 | % | 303 | 89.6 | % | $ | 23.46 | $ | 23.46 | $ | 6,372 | ||||||||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe | 100.0 | % | 163 | 100.0 | % | $ | 14.50 | $ | 22.50 | $ | 2,368 | |||||||||||||||
Phoenix, AZ | SanTan | 100.0 | % | 267 | 100.0 | % | $ | 25.03 | $ | 25.03 | $ | 6,670 | ||||||||||||||
5090 N 40th St | 100.0 | % | 176 | 90.4 | % | $ | 26.09 | $ | 26.09 | $ | 4,145 | |||||||||||||||
Portland, OR | AmberGlen | 76.0 | % | 353 | 89.1 | % | $ | 18.01 | $ | 19.44 | $ | 5,670 | ||||||||||||||
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Total / Weighted Average—December 31, 2016(3) |
| 4,414 | 91.0 | % | $ | 21.18 | $ | 22.32 | $ | 85,019 | ||||||||||||||||
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Metropolitan Area | Property | Economic Interest | NRA (000s Square Feet) | In Place Occupancy | Annualized Base Rent per Square Foot | Annualized Gross Rent per Square Foot(1) | Annualized Base Rent(2) ($000s) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Phoenix, AZ (20.8% of NRA) | Pima Center | 100.0 | % | 272 | 87.0 | % | $ | 27.19 | $ | 27.19 | $ | 6,431 | ||||||||||||||
SanTan | 100.0 | % | 267 | 91.7 | % | $ | 28.05 | $ | 28.05 | $ | 6,855 | |||||||||||||||
5090 N 40th St | 100.0 | % | 174 | 100.0 | % | $ | 29.28 | $ | 29.28 | $ | 5,108 | |||||||||||||||
Camelback Square | 100.0 | % | 174 | 78.8 | % | $ | 30.92 | $ | 30.92 | $ | 4,237 | |||||||||||||||
The Quad | 100.0 | % | 163 | 100.0 | % | $ | 28.85 | $ | 29.17 | $ | 4,703 | |||||||||||||||
Papago Tech | 100.0 | % | 163 | 86.7 | % | $ | 21.88 | $ | 21.88 | $ | 3,087 | |||||||||||||||
| Denver, CO (19.9%) | Cherry Creek | 100.0 | % | 356 | 100.0 | % | $ | 18.59 | $ | 19.31 | $ | 6,612 | ||||||||||||||
Circle Point | 100.0 | % | 272 | 94.3 | % | $ | 17.84 | $ | 31.72 | $ | 4,573 | |||||||||||||||
Denver Tech(4) | 100.0 | % | 381 | 62.7 | % | $ | 22.98 | $ | 27.80 | $ | 5,264 | |||||||||||||||
Superior Pointe | 100.0 | % | 151 | 96.5 | % | $ | 17.81 | $ | 30.29 | $ | 2,602 | |||||||||||||||
| Tampa, FL (17.9%) | Park Tower | 94.8 | % | 471 | 92.4 | % | $ | 24.66 | $ | 24.66 | $ | 10,732 | ||||||||||||||
City Center | 95.0 | % | 242 | 93.1 | % | $ | 25.66 | $ | 25.66 | $ | 5,774 | |||||||||||||||
Intellicenter | 100.0 | % | 204 | 100.0 | % | $ | 23.99 | $ | 23.99 | $ | 4,881 | |||||||||||||||
Carillon Point | 100.0 | % | 124 | 100.0 | % | $ | 28.23 | $ | 28.23 | $ | 3,505 | |||||||||||||||
| Orlando, FL (12.4%) | Florida Research Park (5) | 96.6 | % | 397 | 92.9 | % | $ | 23.97 | $ | 27.51 | $ | 8,794 | ||||||||||||||
Central Fairwinds | 97.0 | % | 168 | 93.7 | % | $ | 25.50 | $ | 25.50 | $ | 4,019 | |||||||||||||||
Greenwood Blvd | 100.0 | % | 155 | 100.0 | % | $ | 22.75 | $ | 22.75 | $ | 3,527 | |||||||||||||||
| San Diego, CA (10.0%) | Sorrento Mesa | 100.0 | % | 296 | 85.3 | % | $ | 25.36 | $ | 33.36 | $ | 6,402 | ||||||||||||||
Mission City | 100.0 | % | 286 | 96.9 | % | $ | 35.53 | $ | 35.53 | $ | 9,845 | |||||||||||||||
| Dallas, TX (9.9%) | 190 Office Center | 100.0 | % | 303 | 89.5 | % | $ | 25.67 | $ | 25.67 | $ | 6,970 | ||||||||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe | 100.0 | % | 163 | 100.0 | % | $ | 16.00 | $ | 25.00 | $ | 2,613 | |||||||||||||||
2525 McKinnon | 100.0 | % | 111 | 92.5 | % | $ | 28.15 | $ | 45.15 | $ | 2,899 | |||||||||||||||
| Portland, OR (5.6%) | AmberGlen | 76.0 | % | 201 | 96.9 | % | $ | 21.69 | $ | 24.28 | $ | 4,227 | ||||||||||||||
Cascade Station | 100.0 | % | 128 | 100.0 | % | $ | 26.61 | $ | 27.98 | $ | 3,393 | |||||||||||||||
| Seattle, WA (3.5%) | Canyon Park | 100.0 | % | 207 | 100.0 | % | $ | 21.20 | $ | 29.20 | $ | 4,384 | ||||||||||||||
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| Total / Weighted Average—December 31, 2019(3) |
| 5,829 | 91.9 | % | $ | 24.60 | $ | 27.54 | $ | 131,437 | ||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | Annualized gross rent per square foot |
| (2) | Annualized base rent is calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month ended December 31, |
| (3) | Averages weighted based on the property’s NRA, adjusted for occupancy. |
| (4) | Denver Tech is comprised of 7601 Tech, which was acquired during the third quarter of 2019, and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”). |
| (5) | Florida Research Park is comprised of FRP Collection and FRP Ingenuity Drive. |
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Lease Maturity Profile
The chart below sets out the percentage of NRA of our properties subject to lease expiration during the periods shown without regard to renewal options.
Lease Maturity Schedule(1)
| (1) | Percentage represents the NRA of the leases divided by the total NRA of the portfolio, as of December 31, |
| (2) | 1.8% represents the leases under contract but not yet in occupancy as of December 31, 2019 |
The following table sets forth the lease expirations for leases in place in our properties as of December 31, 2016,2019, plus available space, for each of the calendar years ending December 31, 20172020 to December 31, 2026,2029, and thereafter. The information set forth in the table assumes that tenants exercise no renewal options and do not exercise early termination rights. Leases in place have a weighted average term to maturity of 5.24.4 years.
Year of Lease Expiration | Number of Leases Expiring | NRA of Expiring Leases (000s) | Percentage of Properties NRA | Annualized Base Rent(1) | Percentage of Properties Annualized Rent | Annualized Rent per Leased Square Foot Expiring(2) | Annualized Base Rent (including Rent Abatement) | Annualized Rent per Leased Square Foot Expiring (Including Rate Abatement) | Number of Leases Expiring | NRA of Expiring Leases (000s) | Percentage of NRA | Annualized Base Rent(1) (000s) | Percentage of Total Properties Rent | Annualized Base Rent per Leased Square Foot Expiring(2) | Annualized Base Rent (including Rent Abatement at Dec 31, 2019) | Annualized Base Rent per Leased Square Foot Expiring (Including Rent Abatement at Dec 31, 2019) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vacant and | — | 399 | 9.0 | % | — | 0.0 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2017 | 47 | 397 | 9.0 | % | 9,355 | 11.0 | % | 23.58 | 9,331 | 23.52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 47 | 484 | 11.0 | % | 9,832 | 11.6 | % | 20.32 | 9,832 | 20.32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | 52 | 376 | 8.5 | % | 8,616 | 10.1 | % | 22.91 | 8,530 | 22.68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vacant | — | 367 | 6.3 | % | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contracted | — | 102 | 1.8 | % | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | 27 | 236 | 5.4 | % | 5,365 | 6.3 | % | 22.73 | 5,308 | 22.49 | 51 | 420 | 7.2 | % | 10,589 | 8.1 | % | 25.21 | 10,540 | 25.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 | 39 | 684 | 15.5 | % | 14,053 | 16.5 | % | 20.56 | 13,789 | 20.17 | 68 | 819 | 14.1 | % | 20,051 | 15.3 | % | 24.48 | 19,753 | 24.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2022 | 22 | 360 | 8.2 | % | 7,331 | 8.6 | % | 20.37 | 5,237 | 14.55 | 54 | 730 | 12.5 | % | 18,979 | 14.4 | % | 26.00 | 18,877 | 25.86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2023 | 3 | 216 | 4.9 | % | 5,175 | 6.1 | % | 23.93 | 5,175 | 23.93 | 57 | 752 | 12.9 | % | 20,155 | 15.3 | % | 26.80 | 19,951 | 26.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 11 | 261 | 5.9 | % | 6,037 | 7.1 | % | 23.14 | 6,014 | 23.05 | 51 | 575 | 9.9 | % | 14,591 | 11.1 | % | 25.38 | 14,371 | 24.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2025 | 4 | 32 | 0.7 | % | 666 | 0.8 | % | 20.82 | 666 | 20.82 | 26 | 397 | 6.8 | % | 10,118 | 7.7 | % | 25.49 | 9,170 | 23.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2026 | 9 | 703 | 15.9 | % | 13,372 | 15.7 | % | 19.03 | 13,372 | 19.03 | 13 | 700 | 12.0 | % | 15,157 | 11.5 | % | 21.65 | 15,157 | 21.65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thereafter | 2 | 266 | 6.0 | % | 5,217 | 6.2 | % | 19.59 | 5,217 | 19.59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2027 | 5 | 348 | 6.0 | % | 7,778 | 5.9 | % | 22.35 | 7,211 | 20.72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2028 | 11 | 259 | 4.4 | % | 5,892 | 4.5 | % | 22.75 | 5,745 | 22.18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2029 & Thereafter | 5 | 360 | 6.1 | % | 8,127 | 6.2 | % | 22.58 | 5,782 | 16.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total | 263 | 4,414 | 100.0 | % | $ | 85,019 | 100.0 | % | $ | 21.18 | $ | 82,471 | $ | 20.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 341 | 5,829 | 100.0 | % | $ | 131,437 | 100.0 | % | $ | 24.60 | $ | 126,557 | $ | 23.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | Annualized base rent is calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month |
| (2) | Annualized rent per leased square foot expiring reflects |
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| ITEM 3. |
We and our subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to litigation arising from the ordinary course of their business. We are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any other litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence or other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance and all of which collectively are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations or business or financial condition.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock has been listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CIO” since April 15, 2014. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low and last sale prices of our common stock and the cash dividends per share of our common stock that we declared with respect to the periods indicated.
| High | Low | Last | Distributions | |||||||||||||
2015 | ||||||||||||||||
First quarter | $ | 13.11 | $ | 12.15 | $ | 12.73 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Second quarter | $ | 13.50 | $ | 12.32 | $ | 12.40 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Third quarter | $ | 12.81 | $ | 10.09 | $ | 11.36 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Fourth quarter | $ | 12.55 | $ | 10.61 | $ | 12.18 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
2016 | ||||||||||||||||
First quarter | $ | 13.08 | $ | 10.65 | $ | 11.40 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Second quarter | $ | 13.00 | $ | 11.01 | $ | 12.98 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Third quarter | $ | 13.93 | $ | 12.30 | $ | 12.73 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
Fourth quarter | $ | 13.25 | $ | 11.87 | $ | 13.17 | $ | 0.235 | ||||||||
On February 28, 2017,24, 2020, the closing sale price of our common stock on the NYSE was $13.03.$13.72. American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. On February 28, 2017,24, 2020, we had 4455 holders of record of our common stock. This figure does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners of our common stock because shares of our common stock are frequently held in “street name” by securities dealers and others for the benefit of beneficial owners who may vote the shares.
We intend to continue to declare quarterly distributions on our common stock. The actual amount and timing of distributions, however, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our financial condition in addition to the requirements of the Code, and no assurance can be given as to the amounts or timing of future distributions. See “Distribution Policy.”
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by Item 5 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
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Stock Performance Graph
The following graph sets forth the cumulative stockholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends) to our stockholders during the period April 21, 2014, the date our common stock began trading on the NYSE, through December 31, 2016,2019, as well as the corresponding returns on an overall stock market index (Russell 2000 Index) and a peer group index (MSCI US REIT Index). The stock performance graph assumes that $100 was invested on April 21, 2014. Historical total stockholder return is not necessarily indicative of future results. The MSCI US REIT Index consists of equity REITs that are included in the MSCI US Investible Market 2500 Index, except for specialty equity REITs that do not generate a majority of their revenue and income from real estate rental and leasing operations. We have included the MSCI US REIT Index because we believe that it is representative of the industry in which we compete and, therefore, is relevant to an assessment of our performance.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
There has been no material change in our planned use of proceeds from our public offering as described in the final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b).
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited historical consolidated and combined financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on FormForm 10-K.
The following table sets forth summary financial and operating data on a consolidated combined and historical basis for our Company.
We had no business operations prior to completion of our initial public offering and the related Formation Transactions. As a result, the summary historical consolidated and combined financial and operating data as of December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from our audited financial statements
subsequent to our IPO and our audited historical financial statements of the Predecessor prior to our IPO. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU2015-3, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. In 2016, we adopted ASU2015-3 and retrospectively reclassified debt issuance costs from deferred financing costs, net, to long term debt.34
The Predecessor was not a legal entity, but rather a combination of certain real estate entities. The historical financial data of our Predecessor is not necessarily indicative of our results of operations, cash flows or financial position following the completion of the initial public offering.
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income | $ | 63,702 | $ | 48,009 | $ | 33,236 | $ | 18,428 | $ | 9,992 | ||||||||||
Expense reimbursement | 7,140 | 5,808 | 2,869 | 1,316 | 1,053 | |||||||||||||||
Other | 1,619 | 1,235 | 791 | 747 | 471 | |||||||||||||||
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Total Revenues | $ | 72,461 | $ | 55,052 | $ | 36,896 | $ | 20,491 | $ | 11,516 | ||||||||||
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Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Property operating expenses | 28,305 | 20,420 | 14,332 | 8,465 | 6,049 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition costs | 692 | 2,959 | 2,133 | 1,480 | 213 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 6,429 | 3,728 | 2,405 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Base management fee | 109 | 1,302 | 682 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
External advisor acquisition | 7,045 | 492 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 30,178 | 21,624 | 14,729 | 7,775 | 3,956 | |||||||||||||||
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Total Operating Expenses | 72,758 | 50,525 | 34,281 | 17,720 | 10,218 | |||||||||||||||
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Operating (loss)/income | (297 | ) | 4,527 | 2,615 | 2,771 | 1,298 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | (14,761 | ) | (11,353 | ) | (10,952 | ) | (5,368 | ) | (3,686 | ) | ||||||||||
Change in fair value ofearn-out | (500 | ) | (841 | ) | (1,048 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||
Gain on equity investment | — | — | 4,475 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | 15,934 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Equity in income of unconsolidated entity | — | — | — | 403 | 506 | |||||||||||||||
Canadian offering costs | — | — | — | (1,983 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
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Net income/(loss) | 376 | (7,667 | ) | (4,910 | ) | (4,177 | ) | (1,882 | ) | |||||||||||
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Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net (income)/loss attributable tonon-controlling interests in properties | (354 | ) | (500 | ) | (82 | ) | 44 | 286 | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Predecessor | — | — | (1,973 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss attributable to Predecessor | $ | (4,133 | ) | $ | (1,595 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Net (income)/loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’non-controlling interest | (865 | ) | 1,576 | 1,955 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net loss attributable to the Company | (843 | ) | (6,591 | ) | (5,010 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Preferred stock distributions | (1,781 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
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Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (2,624 | ) | $ | (6,591 | ) | $ | (5,010 | ) | |||||||||||
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Net loss per common share and unit | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | |||||||||||
Dividend distributions declared per common share and unit | $ | (0.94 | ) | $ | (0.94 | ) | $ | (0.65 | ) | |||||||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rental and other revenues | $ | 156,297 | $ | 129,484 | $ | 106,487 | $ | 72,461 | $ | 55,052 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Property operating expenses | 57,316 | 49,872 | 42,886 | 28,305 | 20,420 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 11,066 | 8,137 | 6,792 | 6,429 | 3,728 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 59,159 | 52,352 | 41,594 | 30,178 | 21,624 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of real estate | — | 3,497 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition costs | — | — | — | 692 | 2,959 | |||||||||||||||
Base management fee | — | — | — | 109 | 1,302 | |||||||||||||||
External advisor acquisition | — | — | — | 7,045 | 492 | |||||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses | 127,541 | 113,858 | 91,272 | 72,758 | 50,525 | |||||||||||||||
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Operating income/(loss) | 28,756 | 15,626 | 15,215 | (297 | ) | 4,527 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | (29,726 | ) | (23,937 | ) | (20,173 | ) | (14,761 | ) | (11,353 | ) | ||||||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | 3,412 | 46,980 | 12,116 | 15,934 | — | |||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | — | — | 2,000 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Change in fair value ofearn-out | — | — | — | (500 | ) | (841 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Net income/(loss) | 2,442 | 38,669 | 9,158 | 376 | (7,667 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable tonon-controlling interests in properties | (644 | ) | (501 | ) | (3,402 | ) | (354 | ) | (500 | ) | ||||||||||
Net (income)/loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’non-controlling interests | — | — | — | (865 | ) | 1,576 | ||||||||||||||
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Net income/(loss) attributable to the Company | 1,798 | 38,168 | 5,756 | (843 | ) | (6,591 | ) | |||||||||||||
Preferred stock distributions | (7,420 | ) | (7,420 | ) | (7,411 | ) | (1,781 | ) | — | |||||||||||
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Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders | $ | (5,622 | ) | $ | 30,748 | $ | (1,655) | $ | (2,624) | $ | (6,591) | |||||||||
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Net (loss)/income per common share—basic and diluted | $ | (0.13) | $ | 0.82 | $ | (0.05) | $ | (0.13) | $ | (0.53) | ||||||||||
Dividend distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.94 | $ | 0.94 | $ | 0.94 | $ | 0.94 | $ | 0.94 | ||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (as of end of period): | ||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate properties, net of accumulated depreciation | $ | 1,007,338 | $ | 935,163 | $ | 728,067 | $ | 550,324 | $ | 354,880 | ||||||||||
Total assets | 1,228,474 | 1,100,431 | 896,489 | 661,494 | 440,207 | |||||||||||||||
Debt | 607,250 | 645,354 | 489,509 | 370,057 | 341,278 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 679,342 | 702,054 | 536,657 | 405,435 | 366,487 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 548,008 | 397,413 | 359,624 | 254,202 | 65,845 | |||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests in properties | 1,124 | 964 | 208 | 1,749 | (675 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Operating Partnership unitholders’non-controlling interests | — | — | — | 108 | 8,550 | |||||||||||||||
Total equity | 549,132 | 398,377 | 359,832 | 256,059 | 73,720 | |||||||||||||||
Other Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from/(to) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 49,499 | $ | 42,187 | $ | 36,553 | $ | 19,147 | $ | 14,163 | ||||||||||
Investing activities | (81,922 | ) | (197,309 | ) | (243,298 | ) | (216,235 | ) | (175,471 | ) | ||||||||||
Financing activities | 86,801 | 153,253 | 212,108 | 203,425 | 138,667 | |||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (as of end of period): Real estate properties, net of accumulated depreciation Investments in unconsolidated entity Total assets Debt Total liabilities Stockholders’ and predecessor equity Operating partnership Non-controlling interest in properties Total equity Other Data Cash flows from/(to): Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 $ 550,324 $ 354,880 $ 211,828 $ 100,126 $ 42,172 — — — 4,338 4,883 661,494 440,207 298,605 142,472 60,424 370,057 341,278 187,039 108,749 52,665 405,435 366,487 207,370 114,764 54,414 254,202 66,845 80,111 26,624 6,149
unitholders’non-controlling interests 108 8,550 11,878 — — 1,749 (675 ) (745 ) 1,084 (140 ) 256,059 73,720 91,235 27,708 6,010 $ 19,147 $ 14,163 $ 7,787 $ 1,460 $ 3,891 (216,776 ) (175,471 ) (94,580 ) (75,106 ) (17,110 ) 203,194 134,584 114,527 77,667 14,858
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the consolidated and combined financial statements and the related notes thereto of the City Office REIT, Inc. and the Predecessor (as defined in this section) for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 20152019 and December 31, 2014.2018.
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “our company” refer to City Office REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including City Office REIT Operating Partnership L.P., a Maryland limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and which we refer to in this section as our Operating Partnership, except where it is clear from the context that the term only means City Office REIT, Inc. References to the “Predecessor” are to the real estate activity and holdings of the entities that own the historical interests in the AmberGlen, Central Fairwinds, City Center, Cherry Creek, Corporate Parkway and Washington Group Plaza properties.
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (this “MD&A”) contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with those statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those in “Risk Factors” and included in other portions of this document.
You should read the following MD&A in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Report. We have omitted from this MD&A a detailed discussion of the year-over-year changes from the Company’s fiscal year 2017 as compared to fiscal year 2018, which can be found in the MD&A section in the Company’s annual report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2019.
Overview
Company
We were formed as a Maryland corporation on November 26, 2013. On April 21, 2014, we completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) of shares of common stock. We contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to our Operating Partnership in exchange for common units in our Operating Partnership. Both we and our Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and certain related formation transactions (the “Formation Transactions”).transactions.
The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles the Company to share in distributions from, and allocations of profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s percentage ownership of common units. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive power under the Operating Partnership’spartnership agreement to manage and conduct the Operating Partnership’s business, subject to limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners.
The Company has elected to be taxed and will continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT under the Code. Subject to qualification as a REIT, the Company will be permitted to deduct dividend distributions paid to its stockholders, eliminating the U.S. federal taxation of income represented by such distributions at the Company level. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax.
On February 1, 2016, the Company closed on the previously announced management internalization (“the Internalization”). The Company had previously entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“Stock Purchase Agreement”) with certain stockholders of the Company’s external advisor, City Office Real Estate Management Inc. (the “Advisor”), pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of the Advisor. Pursuant to this Stock Purchase Agreement, at closing, the Company issued 297,321 shares of its common stock with a fair market value of $3.5 million to the stockholders of the Advisor (the “Sellers”). The Company paid an
additional $3.5 million in cash in the first quarter of 2016 representing payments to be made to the Sellers upon reaching certain fully diluted market capitalization thresholds prior to December 31, 2016, which, together with the initial payment, resulted in a total cost of $7.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The amount was recorded as an expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations as it represented the cost of terminating the relationship.
In connection with the closing of the Internalization, the Company entered into an amendment to the Advisory Agreement between the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Company’s former external Advisor (“Advisory Agreement”) that eliminates the payment of acquisition fees by the Company to the Advisor. In addition, each of the Company’s executive officers entered into an employment agreement with the Company and became employees of the Company, and, at the same time, approximately 11 additional former employees of the Advisor and its affiliates became employees of the Company.
In connection with the closing of the transactions under the Stock Purchase Agreement, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an Administrative Services Agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with Second City Capital II Corporation and Second City Real Estate II Corporation, related entities controlled by Samuel Belzberg, who served as a member of our Board of Directors until March 1, 2017. The Administrative Services Agreement has a three year term and pursuant to the agreement, the Company will provide various administrative services and support to the related entities managing the Second City funds. The Company’s subsidiary will receive annual payments for these services under the Administrative Services Agreement as follows: first 12 months—$1.5 million, second 12 months—$1.15 million and third 12 months—$0.625 million, for a total of $3.275 million over the three-year term.
On April 5, 2016, the Company completed a public offering pursuant to which we sold 8,050,000 shares of our common stock to the public at a price of $11.40 per share, inclusive of the overallotment option. We raised $91.8 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $86.7 million after deducting $5.1 million in underwriting discounts and other expenses related to the offering.
On June 15, 2016,7, 2019, the Company sold the Corporate ParkwayPlaza 25 property in Allentown, PennsylvaniaDenver, Colorado for $17.9 million. No gain or loss was recognized on the sale as the property was carried at fair value less cost to sell on the date of disposition.
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On February 25, 2019, the Company, through a sales pricewholly owned subsidiary of $44.9the Operating Partnership, closed on the acquisition of Canyon Park, a 206,771 square foot property in Seattle, Washington, for $63.0 million.
On May 7, 2019, the Company sold the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa property in San Diego, California for $16.5 million, resulting in an aggregate net gain of $15.9$0.5 million net of $2.0 million indisposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the sale of the property, certain debt repayments were made. In accordance with ASU2014-08, the sale was not considered a discontinued operation. Proceeds from the sale were applied subsequently in a like-kind exchange so as to qualify fortax-deferred treatment under Section 1031 of the Code.
On June 29, 2016,13, 2019, the Company, through a wholly-ownedwholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, closed on the acquisition of Carillon Point,Cascade Station, a 124,187127,508 square foot Class A office buildingproperty in Tampa, FloridaPortland, Oregon, for $26.3$32.5 million.
On July 12, 2016, the Company, through two joint ventures, closed on the acquisition of the FRP Collection located in Orlando, Florida for $49.8 million, exclusive of closing costs and working capital adjustments. The Company acquired a 95% interest in the FRP Collection, with the remaining 5% interest held by the joint venture partners. One of the Company’s subsidiaries is acting as the general partner of each joint venture.
On July 14, 2016, the Company issued a total of 3,126,084 shares of its common stock to certain members of Second City in connection with Second City’s redemption of a total of 3,126,084 common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.
In September 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the Washington Group Plaza property in Boise, Idaho for a sales price of $86.5 million which is scheduled to close in April 2018. A $5.0 millionnon-refundable deposit was received in December 2016, $0.25 million in the form of earnest money deposit and $4.75 million as an irrevocable letter of credit.
On October 4, 2016, the Company completed a public preferred stock offering pursuant to which we sold 4,000,000 shares of our 6.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”) to the public at a price of $25.00 per share. The Company raised $100.0 million in
gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $96.5 million after deducting $3.5 million in underwriting discounts and expenses related to the offering. On October 28, 2016, the Company issued an additional 480,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, raising an additional $12.0 million in gross proceeds before underwriting discounts and expenses.
On November 2, 2016, the Company, in a joint venture with Tampa Street Feldman Tower, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, closed on the acquisition of Park Tower, a 472,596 square foot tower located in Tampa, Florida, for $79.8 million, exclusive of closing costs. The Company acquired a 95% interest in the Joint Venture.
On November 30, 2016,5, 2019, the Company, through a wholly-ownedwholly owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, closed on the acquisition of 5090 N 40th St,7601 Tech, a 175,835191,368 square foot Class A multi-tenant property in Phoenix, ArizonaDenver, Colorado, for $42.6$48.8 million.
On December 15, 2016, the Company, through two wholly-owned subsidiaries the Operating Partnership, closed on the acquisition of SanTan, a 266,531 square foot,two-building Class A office complex located in Phoenix, Arizona, for $58.5 million, exclusive of closing costs.
On January 12, 2017, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership closed on the acquisition of 2525 McKinnon, a 111,334 square foot tower located in Dallas, Texas, for $46.8 million, exclusive of closing costs.
On January 13, 2017,October 7, 2019, the Company completed a public offering pursuant to which the Company sold 5,750,0006,900,000 shares of its common stock, to the public at a price of $12.40 per share, inclusive of the overallotment option. The Company raised $71.3$95.6 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to usthe Company of approximately $68.1$94.1 million after deducting $3.2 million in underwriting discounts and other expenses relatedoffering expenses.
On December 12, 2019, the Company sold the Logan Tower property in Denver, Colorado for $12.6 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $2.9 million net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 8,000,000 shares of common stock under itsat-the-market offering program (the “ATM Program”). The Company raised $106.5 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the offering.Company of approximately $104.8 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses.
Indebtedness
On September 2, 2016,February 25, 2019, the Company closed on a $30.9$41.0 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the FRP CollectionCanyon Park property in Orlando, Florida.Seattle, Washington. The mortgage loan matures in September 2023 and provides for monthly payments of principal and interest.anticipated repayment date is March 2027. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 3.85%4.30% per annum.
On October 12, 2016,June 13, 2019, the Company closed onassumed a $17.1$22.5 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the Carillon PointCascade Station property in Tampa, Florida.Portland, Oregon. The mortgage loan matures in October 2023 and provides for monthly payments of principal and interest.May 2024. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 3.5%4.55% per annum.
On October 26, 2016, the Company exercised its option under its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Secured Credit Facility”) to utilize the accordion feature to increase the authorized borrowing capacity under the Secured Credit Facility from $75 million to $100 million.
On January 4, 2017,August 30, 2019, the Company closed on a $22.0 million loan secured by a first mortgage lienmodification agreement reducing the interest rate from 4.60% to 3.15% per annum on the 5090 N 40th StGreenwood Blvd property in Phoenix, Arizona.Orlando, Florida. The modification has the same maturity of December 2025 and loan matures in January 2027 and provides for monthly paymentsamount of principal and interest. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 3.92% per annum.$22.4 million as the original agreement.
On February 9, 2017,August 30, 2019, the Company closed on a $35.1 million loan secured by a first mortgage lienmodification agreement reducing the interest rate from 3.85% to 3.10% per annum on the SanTanFRP Collection property in Phoenix, Arizona.Orlando, Florida. The modification has the same maturity of September 2023 and loan maturesamount of $30.9 million as the original agreement.
On August 30, 2019, the Company closed on a loan modification agreement reducing the interest rate from 3.50% to 3.10% per annum on the Carillon property in March 2027Tampa, Florida. The modification has the same maturity of October 2023 and providesloan amount of $17.1 million as the original agreement.
On September 24, 2019, the Company closed on a loan modification agreement reducing the interest rate from 4.00% to 3.15% per annum on the Central Fairwinds property in Orlando, Florida. The modification has the same maturity of June 2024 and loan amount of $18.0 million as the original agreement.
37
On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year $50 million term loan (the “Term Loan”), increasing its authorized borrowings under the Company’s unsecured credit facility (the “Unsecured Credit Facility”) from $250 million to $300 million. Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus a margin between 125 to 215 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. In conjunction with the Term Loan, the Company also entered into a five-year interest rate swap for monthly paymentsa notional amount of principal and interest.$50 million (the “Interest Rate Swap”). Pursuant to the Interest is payable atRate Swap, the Company will pay a fixed rate of 4.56% per annum.approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate30-day LIBOR payments.
For additional information regarding these mortgage loans, the Unsecured Credit Facility, the Term Loan and the Secured Credit Facility,Interest Rate Swap, please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.
Revenue Base
As of December 31, 2016,2019, we owned 1825 properties comprised of 3765 office buildings with a total of approximately 4.45.8 million square feet of net rentable area (“NRA”). As of December 31, 2016,2019, our properties were approximately 91.0%91.9% leased.
Office Leases
Historically, most leases for our properties were on a full-service gross or net lease basis, and we expect to continue to use such leases in the future. A full-service gross lease generally has a base year expense “stop”, whereby we pay a stated amount of expenses as part of the rent payment while future increases (above the base year stop) in property operating expenses are billed to the tenant based on such tenant’s proportionate square footage in the property. The property operating expenses are reflected in operating expenses; however, only the increased property operating expenses above the base year stop recovered from tenants are reflected as tenant recoveries in our statements of operations. In a triple net lease, the tenant is typically responsible for all property taxes and operating expenses. As such, the base rent payment does not include any operating expenses, but rather all such expenses are billed to or paid by the tenant. The full amount of the expenses for this lease type is reflected in operating expenses, and the reimbursement is reflected in tenant recoveries. TheAll tenants in the Lake Vista Pointe, FRP Ingenuity Drive2525 McKinnon, Sorrento Mesa and Superior PointeCanyon Park properties have triple net leases. FRP Collection hasCertain tenants at AmberGlen, Cherry Creek, Superior Pointe, Florida Research Park, Circle Point, The Quad, Cascade Station and Denver Tech have leases on a triple net leases for three of its tenants.basis. We are also a lessor for a fee simple ground lease at the AmberGlen property. MostAll of our remaining leases are full-service gross leases.
Factors That May Influence Our Operating Results and Financial Condition
Business and Strategy
We focus on owning and acquiring office properties in our target markets. Our target markets generally possess what we believe are favorable economic growth trends, growing populations with above-average employment growth forecasts, a large number of government offices, large international, national and regional employers across diversified industries, are generallylow-cost centers for business operations, and exhibit favorable occupancy trends. We utilize our management’s market-specific knowledge and relationships as well as the expertise of local real estate operators and our investment partners to identify acquisition opportunities that we believe will offer cash flow stability and long-term value appreciation. Our target markets are attractive, among other reasons, because we believe that ownership is often concentrated among local real estate operators that typically do not benefit from the same access to capital as public REITs and there is a relatively low level of participation of large institutional investors. We believe that these factors result in attractive pricing levels and risk-adjusted returns.
Rental Revenue and Tenant Recoveries
The amount of net rental revenue generated by our properties will depend principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space and space that becomes available from lease terminations. As of December 31, 2016, our properties were approximately 91.0% leased. The amount of rental revenue generated also depends on our ability
38
to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. We believe that the average rental rates for our portfolio of properties are generallyin-line or slightly below the current average quoted market rates. Negative trends in one or more of these factors could adversely affect our rental revenue in future periods. Future economic downturns or regional downturns affecting our markets or submarkets or downturns in our tenants’ industries that impair our ability to renew orre-let space and the ability of our tenants to fulfill their lease commitments, as in the case of tenant bankruptcies, could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. In addition, growth in rental revenue will also partially depend on our ability to acquire additional properties that meet our investment criteria.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses generally consist of utilities, property and ad valorem taxes, insurance and site maintenance costs. Increases in these expenses over tenants’ base years (until the base year is reset at expiration) are generally passed along to tenants in our full-service gross leased properties and are generally paid in full by tenants in our net leased properties.
Conditions in Our Markets
Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions in the markets we operate in, including state budgetary shortfalls, employment rates, natural hazards and other factors, may impact our overall performance. While we generally expect a trend of positive economic growth and increasing interest rates to continue, there is no way for us to predict whether these trends will continue, especially in light of the potential changes in tax policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy that may result from the US election held on November 8, 2016, and any effect these developments may have on us.policy.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Preparation
The accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
The Predecessor represents a combination of certain entities holding interests in real estate that were commonly controlled prior to the Formation Transactions. Due to their common control, the financial statements of the separate entities which own the properties are presented on a combined basis in the Predecessor financial statements.
Use of Estimates
We haveThe Company has made a number of significant estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses to prepare these combinedconsolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Significant estimates made include the recoverability of accounts receivable, allocation of property purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of impairment of long-lived assets and the useful lives of long-lived assets. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best estimates and judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. The most significant estimates made include the recoverability of accounts receivable, allocation of property purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of impairment of long-lived assets, loans receivable and equity method investments, valuation of theearn-out liability on the Central Fairwinds property and derivative financial instruments and the useful lives of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Business Combinations
The fair value of the real estate acquired, which includes the impact of fair value adjustments for assumed mortgage debt related to property acquisitions, is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, building and improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, other value ofin-place leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each
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case on their fair values. AcquisitionFor acquisitions that do not meet the business combination accounting criteria, these are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company allocates the cost of the acquisition, which includes any associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred in the accompanying combined statement of income.to individual assets and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Also,non-controlling interests acquired are recorded at estimated fair market value.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property (which includes land, building and improvements and fixtures and equipment) is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The“as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to land and building and improvements based on our determination of relative fair values of these assets. Factors considered by us in performing these analyses include an estimate of carrying costs during the expectedlease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expectedlease-up periods based on current market demand. We also estimate costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions.
The fair value of above-market and below-market lease values are recorded based on the difference between the current in place lease rent and our estimate of current market rents. Below-market lease intangibles are recorded as part lease intangibles liability and amortized into rental revenue over thenon-cancelable periods and bargain renewal periods of the respective leases. Above-market leases are recorded as part of intangible assets and amortized as a direct charge against rental revenue over thenon-cancelable portion of the respective leases.
The fair value of acquired in place leases are recorded based on the costs we estimate we would have incurred to lease the property to the occupancy level of the property at the date of acquisition. Such estimates include the fair value of leasing commissions and legal costs that would be incurred to lease the property to this occupancy level. Additionally, we evaluate the time period over such occupancy level would be achieved and include an estimate of the net operating costs incurred during thelease-up period.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases allow for the tenant to terminate the lease, but the tenant must make a termination payment as stipulated in the lease. If the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of lease inception, to be reasonably assured, then we recognize revenue over the term of the lease. We have determined that for these leases, the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of inception, to be reasonably assured. We recognize lease termination fees as other revenue in the period received and write off unamortized lease-related intangible and other lease-related account balances, provided there are no further obligations by us under the lease. Otherwise, such fees and balances are recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining obligation period with the termination payments being recorded as a component of rent receivable-deferred or deferred revenue on the combinedconsolidated balance sheets.
If we fund tenant improvements and the improvements are deemed to be owned by us, revenue recognition will commence when the improvements are substantially completed and possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant. If we determine that the tenant allowances are lease incentives, we commence revenue recognition when possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant for tenant work to begin. The lease incentive is recorded as a deferred expense and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term.
Recoveries from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period that the applicable costs are incurred. We recognize differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. Final billings to tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses did not vary significantly as compared to the estimated receivable balances.
Expenditures
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Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and financingright-of-use assets and lease liabilities are included within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for maintenancethe lease term and repairslease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.Right-of-use assets and liabilities are chargedrecognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.Right-of-use assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to operationsextend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. For lease agreements with lease andnon-lease components, we account for the components as incurred.a single combined lease component.
Impairment of Real Estate Properties
Long-lived assets currently in use are reviewed periodically for possible impairment and will be written down to fair value if considered impaired. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are written down to the lower of cost or fair value less the estimated cost to sell. We review our real estate properties for impairment when there is an event or a change in circumstances that indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We measure and record impairment losses and reduce the carrying value of properties when indicators of impairment are present and the expected undiscounted cash flows related to those properties are less than their carrying amounts. In cases in which we do not expect to recover our carrying costs on properties held for use, we reduce our carrying costs to fair value. We do not believe that the values of our properties are impaired as of December 31, 2016.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards
Adopted in the Current Year
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. ASU2015-3 requires an entity to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU2015-3 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented. The Company adopted ASU2015-3 on January 1, 2016 and retrospectively reclassified $3.4 million of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2015 from deferred financing costs, net, to long term debt.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The update requires that acquiring entities in a business combination recognize adjustments to provisional amounts identified in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined, including the cumulative effect of the change in provisional amount, as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Adjustments related to previous reporting periods must be disclosed by income statement line item, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes, in the period for which the adjustment was identified. ASU2015-16 was adopted January 1, 2016. There was no impact to the Company’s 2016 financial statements upon adopting ASU2015-16.
To Be Adopted in Future Years
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which creates a new Topic Accounting Standards Codification (Topic 606). The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a Company should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This standard is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of Topic 606 will have on our financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic825-10). The amendments in ASU2016-01 address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU2016-01 is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and for annual periods and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issuedestablished Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)No. 2016-02, which requires lessors to classify leases as a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease and requires lessees to recognize leaseson-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASUNo. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASUNo. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASUNo. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB ASU2016-02, Leases.Leases (ASC 842) and elected the effective date method for the transition. The update amendsCompany elected the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lesseesfollowing practical expedients:
Transition method practical expedient – permits the Company to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making targeted changes to lessor accounting. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after,use the effective date as the date of initial application, with an optionapplication. Upon adoption, the Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment to use certain transition relief. ASU2016-02 will be effectivethe opening balance of retained earnings. Financial information and disclosures for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Thebefore January 1, 2019 were not updated.
Package of practical expedients – permits the Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoptingnot to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. This allowed the Company to continue classifying its leases at transition in substantially the same manner.
Single component practical expedient – permits the Company to not separate lease andnon-lease components of leases. Upon transition, rental income, expense reimbursement, and other were aggregated into a single line within rental and other revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.
Land easement practical expedient – permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.prior conclusions about land easements.
In March 2016,41
Short-term lease practical expedient – permits the FASB issued ASU2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: ImprovementsCompany not to Employee Share-Based Paymentrecognize leases with a term equal to or less than 12 months.
Lessor Accounting (ASU2016-09), to amend and simplify several aspects of the
The accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including:lessors under the new standard remained relatively unchanged with a few targeted updates impacting the Company, which included: (i) income tax consequences,narrower definition of initial direct costs that requires certain costs to be expensed rather than capitalized, and (ii) classification of awardsprovisions for uncollectible rents to be recorded as equity or liabilitiesa reduction in revenue rather than as bad debt expense.
Lessee Accounting
The new standard requires lessees to recognize aright-of-use asset and (iii) classificationlease liability on the statementbalance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as finance or operating at inception, with classification affecting the pattern and recording of cash flows. ASU2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides clarified guidance on the presentation and classification of certain cash receipts and cash paymentsexpenses in the statement of cash flows. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Theoperations. Upon transition, the Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our statement of cash flows.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASUrecognized2016-18,right-of Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The new standard requires that the statement of cash flows explain the changes during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our statement of cash flows.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new standard provides an initial screening test to determine when a set ofuse assets and activities is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This standard is effectivelease liabilities principally for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017its ground and interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.
JOBS Act
In April 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging grown company (“EGC”) can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(b) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised financial accounting standards. An EGC can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we have determined to opt out of such extended transition period and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised financial accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required fornon-EGCs.office leases.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 20162019 to Year Ended December 31, 20152018
Revenue
Total Revenue.Rental and Other Revenues. Revenue includes net rental income, including parking, signage and other income, as well as the recovery of operating costs and property taxes from tenants. TotalRental and other revenues increased $17.5$26.8 million, or 32%21%, to $72.5$156.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20162019 compared to $55.0$129.5 million infor the corresponding period in 2015. $1.8 million ofyear ended December 31, 2018. Of this increase, $1.5 million was attributedattributable to the acquisition of Carillon PointPima Center in June 2016, $2.9April 2018, $4.5 million fromattributable to the acquisition of FRP CollectionCircle Point in July 2016, $1.82018, $3.1 million fromattributable to the acquisition of Park TowerThe Quad in November 2016, $0.4July 2018, $4.5 million fromattributable to the acquisition of 5090 N 40th StGreenwood Blvd in November 2016 and $0.3December 2018, $4.7 million fromattributable to the acquisition of SanTanCamelback Square in December 2016. Revenue in 2016 increased by $0.22018, $4.9 million fromattributable to the acquisition of Logan TowerCanyon Park in February 2015, $1.62019, $2.0 million fromattributable to the acquisition of Superior PointeCascade Station in June 2015, $2.42019 and $1.5 million fromattributable to the acquisition of DTC Crossroads in June 2015, $5.1 million from the acquisition7601 Tech, part of 190 Office Centerour Denver Tech property, in September 2015 and $3.7 million2019. Revenue from the acquisition of Intellicenter in September 2015. Central Fairwinds, Park Tower, Mission City and Florida Research Park (comprised of “FRP Collection” and “FRP Ingenuity Drive”) also increased by $0.5$0.4 million, due to$0.9 million, $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively, as a result of increased average occupancy at the property over the prior year. OffsettingPartially offsetting these increases, Washington Group Plaza and AmberGlen decreased by $1.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, due to the downtime associated with tenant improvement work for new tenants at each property replacing tenants who departed on December 31, 2015. Corporate Parkway decreasedoverall revenue by $1.7 million due to the sale of the property in June 2016. The remaining properties revenues were relatively unchanged, increased $0.4 million in comparison to the prior year.
Rental Income. Rental income includes net rental income and income from a ground lease. Total rental income increased $15.7 million, or 33%, to $63.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $48.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in rentalincome wasprimarily due to the acquisitions described above. The acquisitions of Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St and SanTan properties contributed an additional $1.8 million, $2.7 million, $1.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million in rental income, respectively,to the 2016 period rental income. Rental Income in 2016 increased by $0.2 million from the acquisition of Logan Tower in February 2015, $1.0 million from the acquisition of Superior Pointe in June 2015, $2.1 million from the acquisition of DTC Crossroads in June 2015, $4.8 million from the acquisition of 190 Office Center in September 2015 and $3.3 million from the acquisition of Intellicenter in September 2015.March 2018, Plaza 25 increased $0.3 million due to early termination fees received from tenants who departed the property early. Central Fairwinds increaseddecreased overall revenue by $0.4 million due to increased occupancy at the property over the prior year. Offsetting these increases, Washington Group Plaza and AmberGlen decreased by $1.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, due to the tenant departures described above.Corporate Parkway decreased by $1.7$2.4 million due to the sale of the property in June 2016.
Expense Reimbursement. Total expense reimbursement increased $1.3February 2019 and Logan Tower decreased overall revenue by $0.2 million or 23%, to $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $5.8 million for the same period in 2015, primarily due to the acquisitionsale of the Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St and SanTan properties described above. Offsetting these increases, is a decreaseproperty in Plaza 25 expense reimbursement incomeDecember 2019. Revenue from Cherry Creek decreased by $0.5 million due to reduceda property tax refund received during the year which correspondingly decreased the expense reimbursement. Revenue from 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”), part of our Denver Tech property, decreased $0.9 million as a result of decreased occupancy over the prior year and Sorrento Mesa also decreased by $1.5 million as a result of the termination fee payment received in the prior year.
Other. The remaining properties’ revenues were modestly higher in comparison to the prior year primarily as a result of modestmark-to-market increases in rents upon renewal. Other revenue includes parking, signageRevenues benefited from aone-time payment of $2.6 million received as consideration for the assignment of a purchase contract. The assignment fee originated through our administrative services relationship. Upon adoption of Topic 842, prior year amounts disclosed in rental income, expense reimbursement, and other miscellaneous income. Total other revenues increased $0.4 million, or 31%,have been combined into a single line to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 comparedconform to $1.2 million for the samecurrent period in 2015. Other income was predominantly generated by City Center, Central Fairwinds, Plaza 25, Logan Tower, DTC Crossroads and Park Tower with the largest contribution from City Center parking income.presentation.
Operating Expenses
Total Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses consist of property operating expenses, as well as acquisition costs, base management fees, stock-based compensation, external advisor acquisition costs, general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization. Total operating expenses increased by $22.3$13.6 million,
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or 44%12%, to $72.8$127.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, from $50.5 million for the same period in 2015, primarily due to the increase of external advisor acquisition costs of $6.6 million and the property acquisitions described above. Total operating expenses increased by $1.5 million, $3.1 million, $1.9 million, $0.4 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, from the acquisition of Carillon Point in June 2016, the acquisition of FRP Collection in July 2016, the acquisition of Park Tower and 5090 N 40th St in November 2016 and the acquisition of the SanTan in December 2016. Operating expenses in 2016 increased by $1.4 million from the acquisition of Superior Pointe in June 2015, $1.9 million from the acquisition of DTC Crossroads in June 2015, $3.5 million from the acquisition of 190 Office Center in September 2015 and $2.1 million from the acquisition of Intellicenter in September 2015. Corporate Parkway decreased operating expenses by $1.3 million due to the sale of the property in June 2016. Plaza 25 and Washington Group Plaza increased operating expenses by $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, compared to the prior year. The remaining property operating expenses were relatively unchanged, decreased by $0.1 million, in comparison to the prior year. The remaining $0.1 million decrease relates to a decrease in base management fees, offset by increases in general and administrative expenses including stock-based compensation and acquisition costs related to our growth over the prior year.
Property Operating Expenses. Property operating expenses are comprised mainly of building common area and maintenance expenses, insurance, property taxes, property management fees, as well as certain expenses that are not recoverable from tenants, the majority of which are related to costs necessary to maintain the appearance and marketability of vacant space. In the normal course of business, property expenses fluctuate and are impacted by various factors including, but not limited to, occupancy levels, weather, utility costs, repairs, maintenance and
re-leasing costs. Property operating expenses increased $7.9 million, or 39%, to $28.3$113.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $20.4 million for the same period in 2015. The increase in property operating expenses was primarily due to the acquisitions described above. The acquisitions of the Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St and SanTan properties contributed an additional $0.6 million, $0.9 million, $0.7 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million in additional property operating expenses, respectively.
Acquisition Costs. Acquisition costs were $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $2.9 million in the prior year. The acquisition costs in the current year related to the Carillon Point acquisition which occurred in June 2016, FRP Collection acquisition which occurred in July 2016, Park Tower and 5090 N 40th St acquisitions which occurred in November 2016 and SanTan in December 2016. The 2015 costs are related to the Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, Intellicenter and 190 Office Center acquisitions in the prior year. The acquisitions in 2015 were all subject to an additional acquisition fee payable to the former external manager whereas, following the Internalization, no acquisition fees were paid in 2016.
Base Management Fee. Base Management Fee decreased $1.2 million, or 92%, to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 representing the fee paid to our former external advisor. Effective February 1, 2016, following the Internalization, no base management fees will be paid going forward.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses comprise of normal public company reporting costs and the compensation of our management team and board of directors as well asnon-cash stock-based compensation expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $2.7 million, or 72%, to $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $3.7 million for the same period in 2015. The increase is primarily attributable to payroll and other costs which the external advisor paid prior to February 1, 2016 and which the Company now pays following the closing of the Internalization on February 1, 2016. Included in general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.4 million ofnon-cash stock-based compensation expense. Certain prior year amounts related to stock-based compensation expenses have been reclassified to General and Administrative expenses to conform to current period presentation.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $8.6 million, or 40%, to $30.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $21.6 million for the same period in 2015, primarily due to the addition of the Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St and SanTan properties.
Internalization Fee. Internalization fee increased $6.5 million, or 1,300% to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $0.5 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to the internalization of management which occurred in February 2016.
Other Expense (Income)
Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense increased $3.4 million, or 30%, to $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $11.4 million for the corresponding period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to interest expense related to acquisitions. Interest expense for the Carillon Point and FRP Collection property level debt increased by $0.1 million and $0.4 million respectively in 2016, and the interest expense on the secured line of credit increased by $0.2 million in 2016. Interest expenses in 2016 increased by $0.4 million from the additional interest on DTC Crossroads in June 2015, $1.4 million from the acquisition of 190 Office Center in September 2015 and $1.1 million from the acquisition of Intellicenter in September 2015. Also in June 2015, property level debt was placed on Plaza 25 which contributed a $0.3 million increase in 2016. Corporate Parkway interest expense decreased $0.5 million due to the sale of the property in June 2016.
Change in Fair Value ofEarn-Out. The estimated fair value of theearn-out liability decreased from $5.7 million at December 31, 2015 to $2.4 million at December 31, 2016 primarily due to a $3.8 million payment
in March 2016, satisfied through the issuance of common stock, partially offset by an increase in the fair value of the remaining liability at December 31, 2016 of approximately $0.5 million.
Net Gain on the Sale of Real Estate Property. Net gain on the sale of real estate property relates to the sale of Corporate Parkway in June 2016. No sales were made in the prior year.
Cash Flows
Comparison of Period Ended December 31, 2016 to Period Ended December 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents were $13.7 million and $8.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Cash flow from operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $4.9 million to $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $14.2 million for the same period in 2015. The slight increase was primarily attributable to an increase in operating cash flows from new acquisitions.
Cash flow to investing activities.Net cash used in investing activities increased by $41.3 million to $216.8 million used for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $175.5 million used for the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to the of the purchase of Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St and SanTan offset by the sale of Corporate Parkway in June 2016. The $175.5 million incurred in 2015 primarily related to the purchase of Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office Center and Intellicenter properties.
Cash flow from financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $68.6 million to $203.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $134.6 million for the same period in 2015. Cash flow from financing activities increased primarily due to proceeds from public offerings of common and preferred stock that closed in April and October 2016, respectively, which were partially offset by the repayment of borrowings from the Secured Credit Facility and decreased loan proceeds in 2016.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2015 to Year Ended December 31, 2014
The year ended December 31, 2015 includes our consolidated results whereas the comparable period in 2014 are the combined results which includes the Predecessor from January 1, 2014 until April 20, 2014 and our results from April 21, 2014 through December 31, 2014 and accordingly may not be directly comparable due to the impact of the IPO and the Formation Transactions on April 21, 2014 and the absence of any public company and related costs prior to that time. In the discussion below, we have highlighted the impact of the IPO and Formation Transactions where applicable.
Revenue
Total Revenue. Revenue includes net rental income, including parking, signage and other income, as well as the recovery of operating costs and property taxes from tenants. Total revenues increased $18.2 million, or 49%, to $55.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $36.9 million in the corresponding period in 2014. Revenue in 2015 increased by $2.0 million from the acquisition of the Plaza 25 property in June 2014, $2.0 million from the acquisition of the Lake Vista Pointe property in July 2014 and $2.6 million from the acquisition of Florida Research Park in November 2014, $1.4 million from the acquisition of Logan Tower in February 2015, $1.9 million from the acquisition of Superior Pointe in June 2015, $2.2 million from the acquisition of DTC Crossroads in June 2015, $2.6 million from the acquisition of 190 Office Center in September 2015 and $1.7 million from the acquisition of Intellicenter in September 2015. City Center and Central Fairwinds increased total revenues by $1.0 million, and $0.4 million, respectively due to the increased
occupancy at the property over the prior year period. AmberGlen rental revenues increased by $0.4 million over the prior year due to a combination of increased occupancy and increased operating expense recoveries. Corporate Parkway, Washington Group Plaza and Cherry Creek revenues were relatively unchanged in comparison to the prior year.
Rental Income. Rental income includes net rental income, income from a ground lease and lease termination income. Total rental income increased $14.8 million, or 44%, to $48.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in rental income was primarily due to the acquisitions described above. The acquisition of the Plaza 25, Lake Pointe Vista, Florida Research Park, Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office Center and Intellicenter properties contributed an additional $1.6 million, $1.3 million, $2.2 million, $1.2 million, $1.1 million, $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $1.6 million in rental income, respectively to the 2015 period rental income. City Center, Central Fairwinds and AmberGlen increased total rental income by $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million due to the increased occupancy at the property over the prior year period.
Expense Reimbursement. Total expense reimbursement increased $2.9 million, or 102%, to $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $2.9 million for the same period in 2014, primarily due to the acquisitions described above.
Other. Other revenue includes parking, signage and other miscellaneous income. Total other revenues increased $0.4 million, or 56%, to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $0.8 million for the same period in 2014. Nominal other income was generated by City Center, Central Fairwinds, Plaza 25, Logan Tower and DTC Crossroads with the largest contribution from City Center parking income.
Operating Expenses
Total Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses consist of property operating expenses, as well as acquisition costs, base management fees, stock-based compensation, external advisor acquisition costs, general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization. Total operating expenses increased by $16.2 million, or 47%, to $50.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, from $34.3 million for the same period in 2014,2018, primarily due to the acquisitions described above. Total operating expenses increased by $1.7 million, $1.4$4.1 million, $1.2$2.1 million, $2.9 million, $4.2 million, $2.4 million, $1.5 million $2.1 million, $2.0 million, $2.8 million and $1.6$1.3 million, respectively, from the acquisitionacquisitions of Pima Center, Circle Point, The Quad, Greenwood Blvd, Camelback Square, Canyon Park, Cascade Station and 7601 Tech properties. Park Tower operating expenses also increased by $0.8 million due to the Plaza 25 property in June 2014, the acquisition of the Lake Vista Pointe property in July 2014, the acquisition of Florida Research Park property in November 2014, the acquisition of the Logan Tower property in February 2015, the Superior Pointe acquisition in June 2015, the DTC Crossroads acquisition in June 2015, the 190 Office Center acquisition in September 2015 and Intellicenter acquisition in September 2015. AmberGlen, Central Fairwinds, Corporate Parkway,higher occupancy at that property. Washington Group Plaza operating expenses decreased by $0.8 million due to its sale in March 2018 and Cherry CreekPlaza 25 operating expenses decreased by $6.4 million due to its sale in February 2019. Sorrento Mesa decreased by $3.0 million due to the sale of the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa property in May 2019. General and administrative expenses increased by approximately $2.7 million, of which $1.1 million was the result ofone-time expenses and accruals incurred as a result of the assignment fee income earned during the year ended December 31, 2019 and the balance related to higher payroll costs. The remaining operating expenses were relatively unchangedmodestly higher in comparison to the prior year. The year ended December 31, 2015 also includes $0.5 million of costs relatedprior-year period primarily due to the acquisition of the external advisor. The remaining increase relates to acquisition costs, stock-based compensation, base management fees and general and administrative expenses following the closing of the IPO and Formation Transactions on April 21, 2014.higher occupancy at our properties.
Property Operating Expenses. Property operating expenses are comprised mainly of building common area and maintenance expenses, insurance, property taxes, property management fees, as well as certain expenses that are not recoverable from tenants, the majority of which are related to costs necessary to maintain the appearance and marketability of vacant space. In the normal course of business, property expenses fluctuate and are impacted by various factors including, but not limited to, occupancy levels, weather, utility costs, repairs, maintenance andre-leasing costs. Property operating expenses increased $6.1by $7.4 million, or 42%15%, to $20.4$57.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20152019, from $14.3$49.9 million for the same period in 2014.year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in property operating expenses was primarily due to the acquisitions described above. The acquisition of the Plaza 25, Florida ResearchPima Center, Circle Point, The Quad, Greenwood Blvd, Camelback Square, Canyon Park, Lake Vista Pointe, Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office CenterCascade Station and Intellicenter7601 Tech properties contributed an additional $1.0$0.6 million, $2.1 million, $1.1 million, $1.5 million, $1.5 million, $0.7 million, $0.4 million, $0.6 million, $0.9 million, $1.0 million, $1.0$0.5 million and $0.5$0.8 million, respectively, in additional property operating expenses. Park Tower operating expenses respectively.
Acquisition Costs. Acquisition costsalso increased by $0.2 million due to the higher occupancy at that property. Washington Group Plaza decreased by $0.8 million or 39%, to $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $2.1 million for the prior year. The acquisition costs in the 2015 period are relateddue to the Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office Centersale of that property in March 2018 and Intellicenter acquisitions whereas in the prior year period, the acquisition costs were primarily related to Cherry Creek, Plaza 25 Lake Vista Pointe and Florida Research Park.
Base Management Fee. Base Management Fee increased $0.6decreased by $1.6 million or 91%, to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $0.7 million for the prior year representing the fee paid to our Advisor. No management fees were payable by the Predecessor for the 2014 period priordue to the IPO andsale of that property in February 2019. The remaining property operating expenses aggregate to an increase of $0.8 million in comparison to the Formation Transactions in April 2014.prior-year period.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses are comprised of normal public company reporting compensationcosts and the costscompensation of our management team and board of directors, as well asnon-cash Stock Based Compensationstock-based compensation expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $1.3$3.0 million, or 54%36%, to $3.7$11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $2.4 million for the prior year representing public company costs following completion of the IPO. The Predecessor did not have any general and administrative costs. In addition to the fee payable to our former external advisor pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, we paid $1.9 million and $1.1 million of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $6.9 million, or 47%, to $21.62019, from $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared2018. Of this increase, $1.1 million can be attributed to $14.7theone-time expenses and accruals incurred as a result of the assignment fee income earned during the year ended December 31, 2019, as described above, and the balance of the increase was primarily attributable to higher payroll costs.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $6.8 million, or 13%, to $59.2 million for the same period in 2014,year ended December 31, 2019, from $52.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the addition of the Pima Center, Circle Point, The Quad, Greenwood Blvd, Camelback Square, Canyon Park, Cascade Station and 7601 Tech properties. These increases were partially offset by a decrease at Washington Group Plaza, Plaza 25, Lake Vista Pointe, Florida Research Park, Logan Tower Superior Pointe, 190 Officeand the 10455 Pacific Center and Intellicenterbuilding of the Sorrento Mesa property due to the sale of those properties.
Impairment of Real Estate. Impairment of real estate was nil for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $3.5 million in the prior year. The impairment estimate was related to the write down of the book value of Plaza 25, which was held for sale as of December 31, 2018, to its expected sale price. In February 2019, the Company completed the sale of the Plaza 25 property.
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Other Expense (Income)
Interest Expense, NetExpense.. Interest expense net is comprised of interest expense, amortization of deferred financing fees and the loss on early extinguishment of certain debts in the prior year. Interest expense, net increased $0.4$5.8 million, or 4%24%, to $11.4$29.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $11.02019, from $23.9 million for the prior year. Interest expense increased by $2.8 million over the prior year primarily as a result of new debt associated with the acquisitions described above. Amortization of deferred financing fees decreased by $0.7 million over the prior year. The decrease was composed of the accelerated amortization on the Cherry Creek bridge loan incurred by the Predecessor in the prior year of $0.9 million and an offsetting increase of $0.2 million primarily as a result of new debt associated with the acquisitions in the period. A loss on the early extinguishment of certain debts was incurred in the prior year of $1.7 million due to the refinancing of certain property level debts upon completion of the IPO and Formation Transactions.
Change in Fair Value ofEarn-Out.The estimated fair value of theearn-out liability decreased from $8.0 million at December 31, 2014 to $5.7 million at December 31, 2015 primarily due to a $3.2 million payment in August 2015, satisfied through the issuance of common stock, partially offset by an increase in the fair value of the remaining liability during the year ended December 31, 20152018. The increase was primarily due to interest expense related to acquisitions. Interest expense for the Circle Point, The Quad, Greenwood Blvd, Canyon Park and Cascade Station property level debt increased by $1.2 million, $0.9 million, $1.0 million, $1.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and the interest on our Unsecured Credit Facility increased by $2.1 million as a result of approximately $0.9 million.
As partacquisitions funded by borrowings thereunder, net of the Formation Transactionsrepayments resulting from the proceeds of the equity raises during the year. These increases were partially offset by decreases of $0.2 million and contribution agreement with respect to$0.7 million, of debt of the Central FairwindsWashington Group Plaza and Plaza 25, respectively, as a result of the sale of those properties and the extinguishment of its property the Company is obligated to make additional payments to Second City (each, an“Earn-Out Payment”) for up to a five year period commencinglevel debt.
Net Gain on the initial IPO dateSale of April 21, 2014.Earn-Out Payments are contingentReal Estate Property. Net gain on the sale of real estate property reaching certain specified occupancy levels through new leases to qualified tenants and exceeding a net operating income threshold, which grows annually. Second City will be entitled to receive anEarn-Out Payment (net of the associated leasing costs and inclusive of leasing commissions and tenant improvements/allowances and free rent) as and when the occupancy of Central Fairwinds reaches each of 70%, 80% and 90% (each, an“Earn-Out Threshold”) based on the incremental cash flow generated by new leases and
a 7.75% stabilized capitalization rate. The Company will make any additionalEarn-Out Payment within 30 days of the end of theEarn-Out Term based on new qualified leases entered into since the achievement of the lastEarn-Out Threshold.Earn-Out Payments will be subject to a claw-back if a qualified tenant defaults in the payment of rent and is not replaced with another qualified tenant.
During$3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015,2019 relates to the 70%sales of the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa property in May 2019 and 80%earn-out occupancy and net operating income thresholds were met. This triggered a paymentLogan Tower property in December 2019. Net gain on the sale of approximately $3.2real estate property of $47.0 million which was made on August 6, 2015 and a second paymentfor the year ended December 31, 2018 relates to the sale of approximately $3.8 million which was madeour Washington Group Plaza property in March 2016.
Gain on Equity Investment. Gain on equity investment is related to the purchase in January 2014 of the remaining 57.7% of Cherry Creek property that the Predecessor did not already own. As a result of this transaction, a gain of $4.5 million was recorded in the 2014 period.2018.
Cash Flows
Comparison of Period Ended December 31, 20152019 to Period Ended December 31, 20142018
Cash, and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $8.1$87.5 million and $34.9$33.1 million as of December 31, 20152019 and December 31, 2014,2018, respectively.
Cash flow from operating activitiesactivities.. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $6.4$7.3 million to $14.2$49.5 million for the year ended December 31, 20152019 compared to $7.8$42.2 million for the same period in 2014.2018. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase inincreased operating cash flows from new acquisitions.acquired properties, including related changes in working capital.
Cash flow to investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities increaseddecreased by $80.9$115.4 million to $175.5$81.9 million for the year ended December 31, 20152019 compared to $94.6$197.3 million used in investing activities for the same period in 2014.2018. The net cash useddecrease was primarily due to fewer acquisitions made in investing activities in the 2015 period was used2019 compared to acquire the Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office Center and Intellicenter properties and enhance capital assets.2018.
Cash flow from financing activities.Net cash fromprovided by financing activities increaseddecreased by $20.1$66.5 million to $134.6$86.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20152019 compared to a $114.5$153.3 million forprovided by the same period in 2014. Cash flow from financing activities increased2018. The decrease was primarily due to the Plaza 25, 190 Office Center and Intellicenter mortgage loan andlower net proceeds from borrowings, partially offset by higher proceeds from the Secured Credit Facility.sale of common stock in 2019 compared to 2018.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had approximately $13.7$70.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and $15.9$17.4 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2016.2019.
On March 15, 2018, the Company entered into acredit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) for our Unsecured Credit Facility that provided for commitments of up to $250 million, which includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to borrow up to $500 million, subject to customary terms and conditions. The Company’s previous secured credit facility was replaced and repaid in full from the proceeds of our Unsecured Credit Facility. Our Unsecured Credit Facility matures in March 2022 and may be extended to March 2023 at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. Borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility bear an interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus a margin of between 140 to 225 basis points depending upon the
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Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2019, we had no amounts outstanding under our Unsecured Credit Facility and approximately $7.0 million of letters of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for mortgage lenders.
On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into the five-year Term Loan, increasing its authorized borrowings under the Company’s Unsecured Credit Facility from $250 million to $300 million. Borrowings under the Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus a margin between 125 to 215 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. In conjunction with the Term Loan, the Company also entered into the five-year Interest Rate Swap for a notional amount of $50 million. Pursuant to the Interest Rate Swap, the Company will pay a fixed rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate30-day LIBOR payments.
On June 16, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership previously entered into the equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Original Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of common stock and the Company’s 6.625% Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On November 1, 2018, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into amendments (the “Amendments”) to the Original Agreements (as amended by the Amendments, the “EDAs”) with each of the Sales Agents to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the ATM Program. Pursuant to the terms of the EDAs, the Company may issue and sell from time to time, up to 8,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents pursuant to the ATM Program. Pursuant to the EDAs, the shares may be offered and sold through the Sales Agents in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or, with the prior consent of the Company, in privately negotiated transactions. The Sales Agents will be entitled to compensation of up to 2.0% of the gross proceeds of shares sold through the Sales Agents from time to time under the EDAs. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares under the EDAs and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under, or terminate, the EDAs. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 8,000,000 shares of common stock under the ATM Program. The Company raised $106.5 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $104.8 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3,410,802 shares of common stock under the ATM Program pursuant to the Original Agreements. The Company raised $43.6 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $42.9 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. The Company terminated the EDAs effective February 25, 2020.
On October 7, 2019, the Company completed a public offering pursuant to which the Company sold 6,900,000 shares of its common stock, inclusive of the overallotment option. The Company raised $95.6 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $94.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.
Our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, distributions to our limited partners and distributions to our stockholders required to qualify for REIT status, capital expenditures and, potentially, acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, reserves established from existing cash, and proceeds from our January Common Stock offering.public offerings, including under our at the market issuance program, and borrowings under our mortgage loans and our Unsecured Credit Facility.
Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at maturity, property acquisitions andnon-recurring capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness and the issuance of
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equity and debt securities. We also may fund property acquisitions andnon-recurring capital improvements using our SecuredUnsecured Credit Facility pending longer term financing.
While there are signs that slow and steady economic growth will continue to persist in the United States, uncertainty continues to dominate credit and capital markets. We believe that the general business environment may continue to be challenging for the rest of 2017. Our growth outlook and strategy are dependent, in part, on the strength of financial markets, the impact of fiscal and monetary policy actions by the United States and other countries and liquidity in the financial system. We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. However, we cannot assure you that this is or will continue to be the case. Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders. Our ability to access the equity capital markets is dependent on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about us.
Consolidated Indebtedness as of December 31, 20162019
As of December 31, 2016,2019, we had approximately $374.9$612.3 million of outstanding consolidated principal indebtedness, 86%91.8% of which is fixed rate debt. The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 20162019 with respect to our outstanding indebtedness (in thousands).
Debt | December 31, 2016 | Interest Rate as of December 31, 2016 | Maturity Date | |||||||||
Secured Credit Facility(1) | $ | 52,500 | LIBOR(2) +2.25% | June 2018 | ||||||||
Washington Group Plaza(3) | 32,995 | 3.85 | July 2018 | |||||||||
AmberGlen Mortgage Loan(4) | 24,280 | 4.38 | May 2019 | |||||||||
Midland Life Insurance(5) | 90,124 | 4.34 | May 2021 | |||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe(3) | 18,460 | 4.28 | August 2024 | |||||||||
FRP Ingenuity Drive(3)(6) | 17,000 | 4.44 | December 2024 | |||||||||
Plaza 25(3)(7) | 17,000 | 4.10 | July 2025 | |||||||||
190 Office Center(7)7) | 41,250 | 4.79 | October 2025 | |||||||||
Intellicenter(7) | 33,563 | 4.65 | October 2025 | |||||||||
FRP Collection(7) | 30,737 | 3.85 | September 2023 | |||||||||
Carillon Point(7) | 17,000 | 3.50 | October 2023 | |||||||||
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Total | $ | 374,909 | ||||||||||
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Property | December 31, 2019 | Interest Rate as of December 31, 2019(1) | Maturity | |||||||||
Unsecured Credit Facility(3)(4) | $ | — | LIBOR +1.40%(2) | March 2022 | ||||||||
Term Loan(4) | 50,000 | LIBOR +1.25%(2) | September 2024 | |||||||||
Midland Life Insurance(5) | 85,293 | 4.34 | May 2021 | |||||||||
Mission City | 47,000 | 3.78 | November 2027 | |||||||||
Canyon Park(6) | 40,950 | 4.30 | March 2027 | |||||||||
190 Office Center | 40,854 | 4.79 | October 2025 | |||||||||
Circle Point | 39,650 | 4.49 | September 2028 | |||||||||
SanTan | 34,053 | 4.56 | March 2027 | |||||||||
Intellicenter | 32,971 | 4.65 | October 2025 | |||||||||
The Quad | 30,600 | 4.20 | September 2028 | |||||||||
FRP Collection(7) | 28,969 | 3.10 | September 2023 | |||||||||
2525 McKinnon | 27,000 | 4.24 | April 2027 | |||||||||
Greenwood Blvd(7) | 22,425 | 3.15 | December 2025 | |||||||||
Cascade Station | 22,304 | 4.55 | May 2024 | |||||||||
5090 N 40th St | 22,000 | 3.92 | January 2027 | |||||||||
AmberGlen | 20,000 | 3.69 | May 2027 | |||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe | 17,717 | 4.28 | August 2024 | |||||||||
Central Fairwinds(8) | 17,534 | 3.15 | June 2024 | |||||||||
FRP Ingenuity Drive | 17,000 | 4.44 | December 2024 | |||||||||
Carillon Point(7) | 15,972 | 3.10 | October 2023 | |||||||||
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Total principal | 612,292 | |||||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net | (5,660 | ) | ||||||||||
Unamortized fair value adjustments | 618 | |||||||||||
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Total | $ | 607,250 | ||||||||||
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| (1) | All interest rates are fixed interest rates with the exception of the Unsecured Credit Facility and the Term Loan as explained in footnotes 3 and 4 below. |
| (2) | As of December 31, |
| (3) | In March 2018, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement for our Unsecured Credit Facility |
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| (4) | In September 2019, the Company |
| plus a margin between 125 to 215 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. In conjunction with the Term Loan, the Company also entered into the five-year Interest |
| (5) | The mortgage loan is cross-collateralized by |
| (6) | The mortgage loan anticipated repayment date (“ARD”) is March 1, 2027. The final scheduled maturity date can be extended up to |
| (7) | In August 2019, the Company entered into loan modification agreements for |
On January 4, 2017, the Company closed on a $22.0 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the 5090 N 40th St property in Phoenix, Arizona. The loan matures in January 2027 and provides for monthly payments of principal and interest. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 3.92% per annum.
On February 09, 2017, the Company closed on a $35.1 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the SanTan property in Phoenix, Arizona. The loan matures in March 2027 and provides for monthly payments of principal and interest. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 4.56% per annum.
| (8) | In September 2019, the Company entered into a loan modification agreement for Central Fairwinds reducing the interest rate from 4.0% to 3.15%. |
Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities
The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2016,2019, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations. The table does not reflect available debt extension options.
| Payments Due by Period(in thousands) | Payments Due by Period(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | Total | 2017 | 2018-2019 | 2020-2021 | More than 5 years | Total | 2020 | 2021-2022 | 2023-2024 | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Principal payments on mortgage loans | $ | 374,909 | $ | 3,853 | $ | 116,017 | $ | 91,590 | $ | 163,449 | $ | 612,292 | $ | 6,279 | $ | 95,885 | $ | 173,253 | $ | 336,875 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest payments(1) | 118,951 | 14,524 | 24,022 | 18,515 | 61,890 | 135,458 | 24,525 | 42,527 | 36,958 | 31,448 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tenant-related commitments | 2,319 | 1,166 | 1,139 | 14 | — | 10,509 | 9,140 | 1,369 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease obligations | 30,173 | 560 | 1,669 | 1,264 | 26,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total | $ | 496,179 | $ | 19,543 | $ | 141,178 | $ | 110,119 | $ | 225,339 | $ | 788,432 | $ | 40,504 | $ | 141,450 | $ | 211,475 | $ | 395,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | Contracted interest on the floating rate debt was calculated based on the |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2016,2019, we did not have anyoff-balance sheet arrangements.
Inflation
Substantially all of our office leases provide for separate real estate tax and operating expense escalations. In addition, most of the leases provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and expense escalationsreimbursements described above.
We believe that we are less susceptible to the negative economic effects that inflation may have on our industry than many of our competitors, because 86.0%91.8% of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness had a fixed contractual interest rate at December 31, 2016.2019. The entire balance of the variable rate debt relates to the Term Loan against which we have applied the Interest Rate Swap. The Interest Rate Swap effectively fixes the30-day LIBOR rate at approximately 1.27% until maturity of the Term Loan. When factoring in the Term Loan as fixed rate debt through the Interest Rate Swap, 100% of our debt had fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2019.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We have used, and will use derivative financial instruments to manage or hedge interest rate risks related to borrowings. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and only enter into contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit rating and other factors. We have entered, and we will only enter into, contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. As of December 31, 2016, our Company did not have any outstanding derivatives.
As of December 31, 2016, approximately $322.4 million, or 86.0%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and approximately $52.5 million, or 14.0%, had variable interest rates. The variable rate indebtedness relatesSee Note 7 to borrowings under the Secured Credit Facility.
The variable rate component of our consolidated indebtedness is LIBOR-based. Assuming no increasefinancial statements in the amountItem 15 of this Report for more information regarding our variable rate debt as of December 31, 2016, if LIBOR were to increase by 100 basis points, the increase in interest expense on our variable rate debt would decrease our future earnings and cash flows by approximately $0.5 million annually. If LIBOR were to decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense on our variable rate debt would decrease by approximately $0.5 million annually.derivatives.
The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure is LIBOR. We primarily use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We consider our interest rate exposure to be minimal because as of December 31, 2019, approximately $562.3 million, or 91.8%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and $50 million, or 8.2%, had variable interest rates. The entire balance of the variable rate debt relates to the Term Loan against which we have applied the Interest Rate Swap. The Interest Rate Swap effectively fixes the30-day LIBOR rate at approximately 1.27% until maturity of the Term Loan. When factoring in the Term Loan as fixed rate debt through the Interest Rate Swap, 100% of our debt had fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2019. A 10% increase in LIBOR would increase our interest costs by approximately $0.1 million on debt outstanding as of December 31, 2019, and would decrease the fair value of our outstanding debt, as well as increase interest costs associated with future debt issuances or borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility. A 10% decrease in LIBOR would decrease our interest costs by approximately $0.1 million on debt outstanding as of December 31, 2019, and would increase the fair value of our outstanding debt, as well as decrease interest costs associated with future debt issuances or borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility.
Interest risk amounts are our management’s estimates based on our Company’s capital structure and were determined by considering the effect of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in that environment. We may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our Company’s financial structure.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our consolidated and combined financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item 8 are included as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form10-K commencing on page 5752 and are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating
48
the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016,2019, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2016,2019, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (i) is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our financial statements; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of Company assets are made in accordance with management authorization; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected.
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.2019.
This annual report does not include an attestation reportThe effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, has been audited by KPMG LLP, the Company’sindependent registered public accounting firm regardingthat audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, as stated in their report appearing on page 54, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rulesreporting as of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.December 31, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
| ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATIONOn June 16, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership previously entered into the equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Original Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp., (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of common stock and the Company’s 6.625% Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On November 1, 2018, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into amendments (the “Amendments”) to
None.
49
the Original Agreements (as amended by the Amendments, the “EDAs”) with each of the Sales Agents to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the ATM Program. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 8,000,000 shares of common stock under the ATM Program. The Company raised $106.5 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $104.8 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3,410,802 shares of common stock under the ATM Program pursuant to the Original Agreements. The Company raised $43.6 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $42.9 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. The Company terminated the EDAs effective February 25, 2020.
50
| ITEM 10. |
|
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20172020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 1011 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20172020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 1012 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20172020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 1013 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20172020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The information required by Item 1014 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20172020 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
51
CITY OFFICE REIT, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20162019
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
Page | ||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, | ||||
| 58 | ||||
Schedule III – Real Estate Properties and Accumulated Depreciation | ||||
52
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors and Shareholders of City Office REIT, Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of City Office REIT, Inc., as described in note 1, (the Company) as of December 31, 20162019 and December 31, 2015 and2018, the related consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three yearthree-year period ended December 31, 2016. In connection with our audit of2019, and the consolidated and combined financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement Schedule III for the year ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated and combined financial statements and financial statement Schedule III are the responsibility of City Office REIT, Inc. management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated and combined financial statementsrelated notes and financial statement schedule based onIII (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our audits.opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in thethree-year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We conducted our auditsalso have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has adopted ASC 842, Leases, using the effective date method, under which the cumulative effect of initial application was recognized in retained earnings at January 1, 2019, the date of initial application.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includesmisstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supportingregarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit
Our audits also includes assessingincluded evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statement presentation.statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion,/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
We have served as the consolidatedCompany’s auditor since 2013.
Vancouver, Canada
February 26, 2020
53
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and combined financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positionBoard of Directors of City Office REIT, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited City Office REIT, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 and2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015,2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the resultsrelated consolidated statements of its operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and its cash flows for each of the years in the three yearthree-year period ended December 31, 2016,2019, and the related notes and financial statement schedules III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 26, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in conformitythe accompanying “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with USthe PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the relatedA company’s internal control over financial statement Schedule III, when considered in relationreporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the basic consolidatedmaintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements taken asin accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a whole, present fairly,material effect on the financial statements.
54
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in all material respects,conditions, or that the information set forth therein.degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
March 1, 2017
City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Note 1)
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||
Real estate properties | ||||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 115,634 | $ | 90,205 | $ | 230,034 | $ | 223,789 | ||||||||
Building and improvement | 423,707 | 256,317 | 784,636 | 704,113 | ||||||||||||
Tenant improvement | 49,813 | 35,069 | 94,218 | 77,426 | ||||||||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 222 | 198 | 285 | 319 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
| 589,376 | 381,789 | 1,109,173 | 1,005,647 | |||||||||||||
Accumulated depreciation | (39,052 | ) | (26,909 | ) | (101,835 | ) | (70,484 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
| 550,324 | 354,880 | 1,007,338 | 935,163 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 13,703 | 8,138 | 70,129 | 16,138 | ||||||||||||
Restricted cash | 15,948 | 15,176 | 17,394 | 17,007 | ||||||||||||
Rents receivable, net | 17,257 | 14,382 | 32,112 | 26,095 | ||||||||||||
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization | 5,422 | 5,074 | ||||||||||||||
Acquired lease intangibles assets, net | 56,214 | 40,990 | ||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 2,626 | 1,567 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred leasing costs, net | 12,393 | 10,402 | ||||||||||||||
Acquired lease intangible assets, net | 67,533 | 75,501 | ||||||||||||||
Other assets | 17,061 | 2,755 | ||||||||||||||
Assets held for sale | 4,514 | 17,370 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 661,494 | $ | 440,207 | $ | 1,228,474 | $ | 1,100,431 | ||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Liabilities and Equity | ||||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Debt | $ | 370,057 | $ | 341,278 | $ | 607,250 | $ | 645,354 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 12,976 | 8,745 | 28,786 | 25,892 | ||||||||||||
Deferred rent | 5,558 | 2,653 | 6,593 | 5,331 | ||||||||||||
Tenant rent deposits | 2,621 | 2,178 | 5,658 | 4,564 | ||||||||||||
Acquired lease intangibles liability, net | 4,302 | 2,292 | ||||||||||||||
Dividend distributions payable | 7,521 | 3,663 | ||||||||||||||
Earn-out liability | 2,400 | 5,678 | ||||||||||||||
Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net | 8,194 | 8,887 | ||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | 22,794 | 11,148 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | 67 | 878 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Total Liabilities | 405,435 | 366,487 | 679,342 | 702,054 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10) | ||||||||||||||||
Equity: | ||||||||||||||||
6.625% Series A Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 4,480,000 and 0 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively | 112,000 | — | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 24,382,226 and 12,517,777 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively | 244 | 125 | ||||||||||||||
6.625% Series A Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5,600,000 shares authorized, 4,480,000 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively | 112,000 | 112,000 | ||||||||||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 54,591,047 and 39,544,073 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively | 545 | 395 | ||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 195,566 | 95,318 | 577,131 | 377,126 | ||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (53,608 | ) | (29,598 | ) | (142,383 | ) | (92,108 | ) | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 715 | — | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 254,202 | 65,845 | 548,008 | 397,413 | ||||||||||||
Operating Partnership unitholders’ non-controlling interests | 108 | 8,550 | ||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests in properties | 1,749 | (675 | ) | 1,124 | 964 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Total Equity | 256,059 | 73,720 | 549,132 | 398,377 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 661,494 | $ | 440,207 | $ | 1,228,474 | $ | 1,100,431 | ||||||||
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined financial statements.
56
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations (Note 1)
(In thousands, except per share data)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||
Rental income | $ | 63,702 | $ | 48,009 | $ | 33,236 | ||||||
Expense reimbursement | 7,140 | 5,808 | 2,869 | |||||||||
Other | 1,619 | 1,235 | 791 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Total Revenues | 72,461 | 55,052 | 36,896 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||
Property operating expenses | 28,305 | 20,420 | 14,332 | |||||||||
Acquisition costs | 692 | 2,959 | 2,133 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 6,429 | 3,728 | 2,405 | |||||||||
Base management fee | 109 | 1,302 | 682 | |||||||||
External advisor acquisition | 7,045 | 492 | — | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 30,178 | 21,624 | 14,729 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 72,758 | 50,525 | 34,281 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Operating (loss)/income | (297 | ) | 4,527 | 2,615 | ||||||||
Interest Expense: | ||||||||||||
Contractual interest expense | (13,804 | ) | (10,607 | ) | (7,854 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | (957 | ) | (746 | ) | (1,443 | ) | ||||||
Loss on early extinguishment of Predecessor debt | — | — | (1,655 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
| (14,761 | ) | (11,353 | ) | (10,952 | ) | |||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out | (500 | ) | (841 | ) | (1,048 | ) | ||||||
Gain on equity investment | — | — | 4,475 | |||||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | 15,934 | — | — | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net income/(loss) | 376 | (7,667 | ) | (4,910 | ) | |||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in properties | (354 | ) | (500 | ) | (82 | ) | ||||||
Net income attributable to Predecessor | — | — | (1,973 | ) | ||||||||
Net (income)/loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’ non-controlling interests | (865 | ) | 1,576 | 1,955 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company | (843 | ) | (6,591 | ) | (5,010 | ) | ||||||
Preferred stock distributions | (1,781 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (2,624 | ) | $ | (6,591 | ) | $ | (5,010 | ) | |||
|
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|
|
|
| |||||||
Net loss per common share and unit: | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (0.59 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | 20,460 | 12,409 | 8,476 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Dividend distributions declared per common share and unit | $ | 0.940 | $ | 0.940 | $ | 0.653 | ||||||
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|
|
| |||||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Rental and other revenues | $ | 156,297 | $ | 129,484 | $ | 106,487 | ||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
Property operating expenses | 57,316 | 49,872 | 42,886 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 11,066 | 8,137 | 6,792 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 59,159 | 52,352 | 41,594 | |||||||||
Impairment of real estate | — | 3,497 | — | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Total operating expenses | 127,541 | 113,858 | 91,272 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Operating income | 28,756 | 15,626 | 15,215 | |||||||||
Interest expense: | ||||||||||||
Contractual interest expense | (28,401 | ) | (22,316 | ) | (18,721 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt fair value | (1,325 | ) | (1,621 | ) | (1,452 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
| (29,726 | ) | (23,937 | ) | (20,173 | ) | |||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | 3,412 | 46,980 | 12,116 | |||||||||
Change in fair value of contingent consideration | — | — | 2,000 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net income | 2,442 | 38,669 | 9,158 | |||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||
Net income attributable tonon-controlling interests in properties | (644 | ) | (501 | ) | (3,402 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net income attributable to the Company | 1,798 | 38,168 | 5,756 | |||||||||
Preferred stock distributions | (7,420 | ) | (7,420 | ) | (7,411 | ) | ||||||
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|
|
|
| |||||||
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders | $ | (5,622 | ) | $ | 30,748 | $ | (1,655 | ) | ||||
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|
|
|
| |||||||
Net (loss)/income per common share: | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | 0.82 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
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|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | 0.82 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
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|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||
Basic | 43,997 | 37,321 | 30,198 | |||||||||
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|
|
|
| |||||||
Diluted | 43,997 | 37,670 | 30,198 | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Dividend distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.940 | $ | 0.940 | $ | 0.940 | ||||||
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|
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| |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined financial statements.
57
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Note 1)Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)
| Number of shares of preferred stock | Preferred stock | Number of shares of common stock | Common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Accu- mulated deficit | Predecessor equity | Total stockholders’ and Predecessor equity | Operating Partnership unitholders’ non- controlling interests | Non- controlling interests in properties | Total equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance—January 1, 2014 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 26,624 | $ | 26,624 | $ | — | $ | 1,084 | $ | 27,708 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,844 | 3,844 | — | 62 | 3,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1,347 | ) | (1,347 | ) | — | (153 | ) | (1,500 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income/(loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,973 | 1,973 | — | (29 | ) | 1,944 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance—April 20, 2014 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31,094 | 31,094 | — | 964 | 32,058 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City Office REIT, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of common shares | — | — | 6,582 | 66 | 72,405 | — | — | 72,471 | — | — | 72,471 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Formation Transaction | — | — | 1,611 | 16 | (27,568 | ) | — | (31,094 | ) | (58,646 | ) | 17,684 | (1,658 | ) | (42,620 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from secondary public offering | — | — | 4,086 | 41 | 45,380 | — | — | 45,421 | (1,806 | ) | — | 43,615 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock award grants | — | — | — | — | 1,091 | — | — | 1,091 | — | — | 1,091 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend distributions declared | — | — | — | — | — | (6,310 | ) | — | (6,310 | ) | (2,045 | ) | — | (8,355 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (171 | ) | (171 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (5,010 | ) | — | (5,010 | ) | (1,955 | ) | 111 | (6,854 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance—December 31, 2014 | — | — | 12,279 | 123 | 91,308 | (11,320 | ) | — | 80,111 | 11,878 | (754 | ) | 91,235 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of OP units to shares | — | — | 12 | — | 47 | — | — | 47 | (47 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock award grants | — | — | 137 | 1 | 1,906 | — | — | 1,907 | — | — | 1,907 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earn out payment in shares | — | — | 90 | 1 | 2,057 | — | — | 2,058 | 1,105 | — | 3,163 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividend distributions declared | — | — | — | — | — | (11,687 | ) | — | (11,687 | ) | (2,810 | ) | — | (14,497 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (421 | ) | (421 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | (6,591 | ) | — | (6,591 | ) | (1,576 | ) | 500 | (7,667 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Balance—December 31, 2015 | — | — | 12,518 | 125 | 95,318 | (29,598 | ) | — | 65,845 | 8,550 | (675 | ) | 73,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of OP units to shares | — | — | 3,206 | 32 | 10,754 | — | — | 10,786 | (10,786 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock award grants and vesting | — | — | 164 | 2 | 2,434 | — | — | 2,436 | — | — | 2,436 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internalization payment in shares | — | — | 297 | 3 | 3,461 | — | — | 3,464 | — | — | 3,464 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earn out payment in shares | — | — | 147 | 2 | 767 | — | — | 769 | 3,009 | — | 3,778 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of common stock | — | — | 8,050 | 80 | 86,705 | — | — | 86,785 | — | — | 86,785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of preferred stock | 4,480 | 112,000 | — | — | (3,873 | ) | — | — | 108,127 | — | — | 108,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common stock dividend distributions declared | — | — | — | — | — | (21,386 | ) | — | (21,386 | ) | (1,530 | ) | — | (22,916 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividend distributions declared | — | — | — | — | — | (1,781 | ) | — | (1,781 | ) | — | — | (1,781 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,525 | 2,525 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (455 | ) | (455 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss)/income | — | — | — | — | — | (843 | ) | — | (843 | ) | 865 | 354 | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Balance—December 31, 2016 | 4,480 | $ | 112,000 | 24,382 | $ | 244 | $ | 195,566 | $ | (53,608 | ) | — | $ | 254,202 | $ | 108 | $ | 1,749 | $ | 256,059 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 2,442 | $ | 38,669 | $ | 9,158 | ||||||
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains | 821 | — | — | |||||||||
Amounts reclassed from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense | (106 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
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| |||||||
Comprehensive income | 3,157 | 38,669 | 9,158 | |||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable tonon-controlling interests in properties | (644 | ) | (501 | ) | (3,402 | ) | ||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to the Company | 2,513 | 38,168 | 5,756 | |||||||||
Preferred stock distributions | (7,420 | ) | (7,420 | ) | (7,411 | ) | ||||||
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Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders | $ | (4,907 | ) | $ | 30,748 | $ | (1,655) | |||||
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined financial statementsstatements..
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash Flows (Note 1)Changes in Equity
(In thousands)
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income/(loss) | $ | 376 | $ | (7,667 | ) | $ | (4,910 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 30,178 | 21,624 | 14,729 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 957 | 746 | 1,443 | |||||||||
Amortization of above/below market leases | 299 | 349 | 541 | |||||||||
Increase in straight-line rent | (3,751 | ) | (1,895 | ) | (1,315 | ) | ||||||
Non-cash stock compensation | 2,436 | 1,907 | 1,091 | |||||||||
Change in fair value of earn-out | 500 | 841 | 1,048 | |||||||||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | — | 885 | |||||||||
Gain on equity investment | — | — | (4,475 | ) | ||||||||
Internalization shares issued | 3,464 | — | — | |||||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | (15,934 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Changes in non-cash working capital: | ||||||||||||
Rents receivable, net | (4,331 | ) | (4,506 | ) | (1,986 | ) | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (587 | ) | (648 | ) | (399 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 3,135 | 2,988 | (88 | ) | ||||||||
Deferred rent | 2,743 | 440 | 723 | |||||||||
Tenant rent deposits | (338 | ) | (16 | ) | 500 | |||||||
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| |||||||
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 19,147 | 14,163 | 7,787 | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Cash Flows to Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Additions to real estate properties | (8,729 | ) | (5,466 | ) | (4,156 | ) | ||||||
Acquisition of real estate, net of cash assumed | (248,957 | ) | (166,788 | ) | (89,565 | ) | ||||||
Net proceeds from sale of real estate | 42,984 | — | — | |||||||||
Deferred leasing costs | (2,074 | ) | (3,217 | ) | (859 | ) | ||||||
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| |||||||
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | (216,776 | ) | (175,471 | ) | (94,580 | ) | ||||||
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| |||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of preferred stock | 108,127 | — | — | |||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of common stock | 86,785 | — | 122,142 | |||||||||
Formation transactions | — | — | (35,245 | ) | ||||||||
Redemption of common stock and common units held by Operating Partnership non-controlling interests | — | — | (6,056 | ) | ||||||||
Debt issuance and extinguishment costs | (2,414 | ) | (1,239 | ) | (4,063 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from mortgage loans payable | 47,938 | 105,813 | 205,860 | |||||||||
Proceeds of Secured Credit Facility | 2,500 | 50,000 | — | |||||||||
Repayment of mortgage loans payable | (20,199 | ) | (1,082 | ) | (161,837 | ) | ||||||
Contributions from partners and members | — | — | 3,844 | |||||||||
Contributions from non-controlling interests in properties | 2,525 | — | 62 | |||||||||
Distributions to partners and members | — | — | (1,347 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions to non-controlling interests in properties | (455 | ) | (421 | ) | (324 | ) | ||||||
Dividend distributions paid to stockholders and Operating Partnership unitholders | (20,841 | ) | (14,404 | ) | (4,784 | ) | ||||||
Change in restricted cash | (772 | ) | (4,083 | ) | (3,725 | ) | ||||||
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| |||||||
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | 203,194 | 134,584 | 114,527 | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: Cash paid for interest Earn-out payment in common stock Balance—January 1, 2017 Conversion of OP units to shares Restricted stock award grants and vesting Net proceeds from sale of common stock Common stock dividend distributions declared Preferred stock dividend distributions declared Distributions Net income Balance—December 31, 2017 Restricted stock award grants and vesting Net proceeds from sale of common stock Common stock dividend distributions declared Preferred stock dividend distributions declared Minority interest buyout Contributions Distributions Net income Balance—December 31, 2018 Restricted stock award grants and vesting Net proceeds from sale of common stock Common stock dividend distributions declared Preferred stock dividend distributions declared Contributions Distributions Net income Unrealized cash flow hedge gains Balance—December 31, 2019 Years ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 5,565 (26,724 ) 27,734 8,138 34,862 7,128 $ 13,703 $ 8,138 $ 34,862 $ 13,621 $ 10,030 $ 7,826 $ 3,778 $ 3,163 $ — Number
of
shares of
preferred
stock Preferred
stock Number
of
shares of
common
stock Common
stock Additional
paid-in
capital Accumulated
deficit Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income Total
stockholders’
equity Operating
Partnership
unitholders’
non-
controlling
interests Non-
controlling
interests
in
properties Total
equity 4,480 112,000 24,382 244 195,566 (53,608 ) — 254,202 108 1,749 256,059 �� — 40 — 108 — — 108 (108 ) — — — — 90 1 1,741 (71 ) — 1,671 — — 1,671 — — 11,500 115 136,826 — — 136,941 — — 136,941 — — — — — (31,148 ) — (31,148 ) — — (31,148 ) — — — — — (7,906 ) — (7,906 ) — — (7,906 ) — — — — — — — — — (4,943 ) (4,943 ) — — — — — 5,756 — 5,756 — 3,402 9,158 4,480 112,000 36,012 360 334,241 (86,977 ) — 359,624 — 208 359,832 — — 121 1 1,641 (312 ) — 1,330 — — 1,330 — — 3,411 34 42,868 — — 42,902 — — 42,902 — — — — — (35,567 ) — (35,567 ) — — (35,567 ) — — — — — (7,420 ) — (7,420 ) — — (7,420 ) — — — — (1,624 ) — — (1,624 ) — 485 (1,139 ) — — — — — — — — — 297 297 — — — — — — — — — (527 ) (527 ) — — — — — 38,168 — 38,168 — 501 38,669 4,480 112,000 39,544 395 377,126 (92,108 ) — 397,413 — 964 398,377 — — 147 1 1,280 (374 ) — 907 — — 907 — — 14,900 149 198,725 — — 198,874 — — 198,874 — — — — — (44,279 ) — (44,279 ) — — (44,279 ) — — — — — (7,420 ) — (7,420 ) — — (7,420 ) — — — — — — — — — 112 112 — — — — — — — — — (596 ) (596 ) — — — — — 1,798 — 1,798 — 644 2,442 — — — — — — 715 715 — — 715 4,480 $ 112,000 54,591 $ 545 $ 577,131 $ (142,383 ) $ 715 $ 548,008 $ — $ 1,124 $ 549,132
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated and combined financial statementsstatements..
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 2,442 | $ | 38,669 | $ | 9,158 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 59,159 | 52,352 | 41,594 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt fair value | 1,325 | 1,621 | 1,452 | |||||||||
Amortization of above/below market leases | (27 | ) | (182 | ) | (337 | ) | ||||||
Increase in straight-line rent/expense | (5,233 | ) | (4,703 | ) | (2,820 | ) | ||||||
Non-cash stock compensation | 1,742 | 1,416 | 1,671 | |||||||||
Earn-out termination payment | — | — | (2,400 | ) | ||||||||
Net gain on sale of real estate property | (3,412 | ) | (46,980 | ) | (12,116 | ) | ||||||
Impairment of real estate | — | 3,497 | — | |||||||||
Changes innon-cash working capital: | ||||||||||||
Rents receivable, net | (1,061 | ) | (1,602 | ) | (1,647 | ) | ||||||
Other assets | (330 | ) | (353 | ) | 349 | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (5,538 | ) | (910 | ) | 670 | |||||||
Deferred rent | 1,022 | (834 | ) | 324 | ||||||||
Tenant rent deposits | (590 | ) | 196 | 655 | ||||||||
|
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| |||||||
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities | 49,499 | 42,187 | 36,553 | |||||||||
|
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| |||||||
Cash Flows to Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Additions to real estate properties | (16,002 | ) | (23,586 | ) | (8,189 | ) | ||||||
Acquisition of real estate | (108,358 | ) | (254,514 | ) | (249,299 | ) | ||||||
Net proceeds from sale of real estate | 46,364 | 84,839 | 18,479 | |||||||||
Deferred leasing costs | (3,926 | ) | (4,048 | ) | (4,289 | ) | ||||||
|
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|
|
|
| |||||||
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities | (81,922 | ) | (197,309 | ) | (243,298 | ) | ||||||
|
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|
| |||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of common stock | 198,874 | 42,902 | 136,941 | |||||||||
Debt issuance and extinguishment costs | (1,008 | ) | (2,963 | ) | (3,202 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from borrowings | 154,750 | 398,749 | 392,340 | |||||||||
Repayment of borrowings | (216,336 | ) | (241,820 | ) | (272,772 | ) | ||||||
Shares withheld for payment of taxes on restricted stock unit vesting | (832 | ) | (87 | ) | — | |||||||
Minority interest buyout | — | (1,140 | ) | — | ||||||||
Contributions fromnon-controlling interests in properties | 112 | 297 | — | |||||||||
Distributions tonon-controlling interests in properties | (596 | ) | (527 | ) | (4,943 | ) | ||||||
Dividend distributions paid to stockholders and Operating Partnership unitholders | (48,163 | ) | (42,158 | ) | (36,256 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities | 86,801 | 153,253 | 212,108 | |||||||||
|
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| |||||||
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | 54,378 | (1,869 | ) | 5,363 | ||||||||
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period | 33,145 | 35,014 | 29,651 | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period | $ | 87,523 | $ | 33,145 | $ | 35,014 | ||||||
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| |||||||
60
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: | ||||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period | 70,129 | 16,138 | 12,301 | |||||||||
Restricted Cash, End of Period | 17,394 | 17,007 | 22,713 | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period | $ | 87,523 | $ | 33,145 | $ | 35,014 | ||||||
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Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 28,479 | $ | 22,131 | $ | 18,408 | ||||||
Purchases of additions in real estate properties included in accounts payable | $ | 6,489 | $ | 6,791 | $ | 2,616 | ||||||
Purchases of deferred leasing costs included in accounts payable | $ | 603 | $ | 654 | $ | 815 | ||||||
Debt assumed on acquisition of real estate | $ | 22,473 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
61
City Office REIT, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements
1. Organization and Description of Business
City Office REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was organized in the state of Maryland on November 26, 2013. On April 21, 2014, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Maryland limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), in exchange for common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“common units”). Both the Company and the Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and certain related formation transactions (the “Formation Transactions”).
The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles the Company to share in distributions from, and allocations of profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s percentage ownership of common units. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive power under the Operating Partnership’spartnership agreement to manage and conduct the Operating Partnership’s business, subject to limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners.
The Company has elected to be taxed and will continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to qualification as a REIT, the Company will be permitted to deduct dividend distributions paid to its stockholders, eliminating the U.S. federal taxation of income represented by such distributions at the Company level. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and, for years prior to 2019, any applicable alternative minimum tax.
Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), the Company qualifies as an emerging growth company (“EGC”). An EGC may choose to take advantage of the extended private company transition period provided for complying with new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company has elected to opt out of such extended transition period. This election is irrevocable.
On February 1, 2016, the Company closed on the previously announced management internalization (“the Internalization”). The Company had previously entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“Stock Purchase Agreement”) with certain stockholders of the Company’s external advisor, City Office Real Estate Management Inc. (the “Advisor”), pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of the Advisor. Pursuant to this Stock Purchase Agreement, at closing, the Company issued 297,321 shares of its common stock with a fair market value of $3.5 million to the stockholders of the Advisor (the “Sellers”). The Company paid an additional $3.5 million in cash in the first quarter of 2016 representing payments to be made to the Sellers upon reaching certain fully diluted market capitalization thresholds prior to December 31, 2016, which, together with the initial payment, resulted in a total cost of $7.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2016. The amount was recorded as an expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated and combined statements of operations as it represented the cost of terminating the relationship.
In connection with the closing of the Internalization, the Company entered into an amendment to the Advisory Agreement between the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Company’s former external Advisor (“Advisory Agreement”) that eliminates the payment of acquisition fees by the Company to the Advisor. In addition, each of the Company’s executive officers entered into an employment agreement with the Company and became employees of the Company, and, at the same time, approximately 11 additional former employees of the Advisor and its affiliates became employees of the Company.
In connection with the closing of the transactions under the Stock Purchase Agreement, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an Administrative Services Agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with
Second City Capital II Corporation and Second City Real Estate II Corporation, related entities controlled by Samuel Belzberg, who served as a member of our Board of Directors until March 1, 2017. The Administrative Services Agreement has a three year term and pursuant to the agreement, the Company will provide various administrative services and support to the related entities managing the Second City funds. The Company’s subsidiary will receive annual payments for these services under the Administrative Services Agreement as follows: first 12 months—$1.5 million, second 12 months—$1.15 million and third 12 months—$0.625 million, for a total of $3.275 million over the three-year term.
Initial Public Offering and Formation Transactions
The Company’s operations are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership and wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. Both the Company and the Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and certain related Formation Transactions.
On April 21, 2014, the Company closed the IPO, pursuant to which it sold 5,800,000 shares of common stock to the public at a public offering price of $12.50 per share. The Company raised $72.5 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $63.4 million after deducting approximately $5.1 million in underwriting discounts and approximately $4.0 million in other expenses relating to the IPO. On May 9, 2014, the underwriters of the IPO exercised their overallotment option to purchase an additional 782,150 shares of the Company’s common stock at the IPO price of $12.50 a share resulting in additional gross proceeds of approximately $9.8 million. The net proceeds to the Company were $9.1 million after deducting approximately $0.7 million in underwriting discounts. The Company’s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CIO” on April 15, 2014.
The Company contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to the Operating Partnership in exchange for common units in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership utilized a portion of the net proceeds of the IPO to pay fees in connection with the assumption of the indebtedness, pay expenses incurred in connection with the IPO and Formation Transactions and repay loans that were made to several of the contributing entities by certain investors in such entities. The remaining funds were used for general working capital purposes and to fund acquisitions.
Pursuant to the Formation Transactions and exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, the Operating Partnership acquired a 100% interest in each of the Washington Group Plaza, Cherry Creek and Corporate Parkway properties and acquired an approximate 76% economic interest in the AmberGlen property, 90% interest in the Central Fairwinds property and 95% interest in the City Center property. These initial property interests were contributed in exchange for 3,731,209 common units, 1,858,860 common stock and $19.4 million of cash. On May 9, 2014, subsequent to the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, 479,305 common units and 248,095 common stock were redeemed for $9.1 million in cash.
In connection with the IPO and Formation Transactions, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, extinguished the loan on the Central Fairwinds property and completed a refinancing of three properties (Cherry Creek, City Center and Corporate Parkway) with a new $95 million non-recourse mortgage loan and proceeds from the IPO. The loan bears a fixed interest rate of 4.34% and matures on May 6, 2021.
The following is a summary of the Predecessor Statements of Operations for the period from January 1, 2014 through April 20, 2014, and the Company’s Statement of Operations for the period from April 21, 2014 through December 31, 2014. These amounts are included in the consolidated and combined statement of operations herein for the year ended December 31, 2014.
(in thousands)
| Predecessor | City Office REIT, Inc. | |||||||
| January 1, 2014 through April 20, 2014 | April 21, 2014 through December 31, 2014 | |||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||
Rental income | $ | 8,865 | $ | 24,371 | ||||
Expense reimbursement | 555 | 2,314 | ||||||
Other | 343 | 448 | ||||||
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| |||||
Total Revenues | 9,763 | 27,133 | ||||||
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|
| |||||
Operating Expenses: | ||||||||
Property operating expenses | 3,775 | 10,557 | ||||||
Acquisition costs | 806 | 1,327 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | 1,091 | ||||||
General and administrative | 79 | 1,235 | ||||||
Base management fees | — | 682 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,862 | 10,867 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Total Operating Expenses | 8,522 | 25,759 | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Operating income | 1,241 | 1,374 | ||||||
Interest expense, net | (3,772 | ) | (7,180 | ) | ||||
Change in fair value of earn-out | — | (1,048 | ) | |||||
Gain on equity investment | 4,475 | — | ||||||
|
|
|
| |||||
Net income / (loss) | 1,944 | (6,854 | ) | |||||
Net loss / (income) attributable to non-controlling interests in properties | 29 | (111 | ) | |||||
|
| |||||||
Net income attributable to Predecessor | 1,973 | — | ||||||
|
| |||||||
Net loss attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’ non-controlling interests | 1,955 | |||||||
|
| |||||||
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | (5,010 | ) | ||||||
|
| |||||||
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Preparation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
The Predecessor represents a combination of certain entities holding interests in real estate that were commonly controlled prior to the Formation Transactions. Due to their common control, the financial statements of the separate entities which own the properties are presented on a combined basis in the Predecessor financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparationCompany has made a number of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certainsignificant estimates and assumptions that affectrelating to the reported amountsreporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated and combined financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses duringto prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Significant estimates made include the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions includerecoverability of accounts receivable, allocation of theproperty purchase price of acquired real estate properties amongto tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of the useful lifeimpairment of real estate properties and other long livedlong-lived assets and the valuationuseful lives of the earn-out liability on the Central Fairwinds property. Suchlong-lived assets. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’sour best judgment, after considering past,estimates and judgment. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and expected eventsassumptions. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and economic conditions.circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ materially from management’sthose estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash and short-term investments with a maturity date of less than three months when acquired.
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Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow by lenders pursuant to certain lender agreements and cash received from contracted building sales.
Rent Receivable, Net
The Company continuously monitors collections from tenants and makes a provision for estimated losses based upon historical experience and any specific tenant collection issues that the Company has identified. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was not significant.
Business Combinations
When a property is acquired, management considers the substance of the agreement in determining whether the acquisition represents an asset acquisition or a business combination. Upon acquisitions of properties that constitutes a business, the fair value of the real estate acquired, which includes the impact of fair value adjustments for assumed mortgage debt related to property acquisitions, is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings and improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, other value ofin-place leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. AcquisitionFor acquisitions that do not meet the business combination accounting criteria, these are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company allocates the cost of the acquisition, which includes any associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred in the accompanying combined statements of operations.to individual assets and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Also,non-controlling interests acquired are recorded at estimated fair market value.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property (which includes land, buildings and improvements and fixtures and equipment) is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The “as-if-vacant”“as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to land and buildings and improvements based on management’s determination of relative fair values of these assets. Factors considered by management in performing these analyses include an estimate of carrying costs during the expectedlease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expectedlease-up periods based on current market demand. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions.
The fair value of above-market and below-market lease values are recorded based on the difference between the currentin-place lease rent and management’s estimate of current market rents. Below-market lease intangibles are recorded as part of acquired lease intangibles liability and amortized into rental revenue over thenon-cancelable periods and bargain renewal periods of the respective leases. Above-market leases are recorded as part of intangible assets and amortized as a direct charge against rental revenue over thenon-cancelable portion of the respective leases.
The fair value of acquiredin-place leases are recorded based on the costs management estimates the Company would have incurred to lease the property to the occupancy level of the property at the date of acquisition. Such estimates include the fair value of leasing commissions and legal costs that would be incurred to lease the property to this occupancy level. Additionally, management evaluates the time period over which such occupancy level would be achieved and includes an estimate of the net operating costs incurred during thelease-up period. Acquiredin-place leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the individual leases.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases allow for the tenant to terminate the lease, but the tenant must make a termination payment as stipulated in the
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lease. If the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of lease inception, to be reasonably assured, then the Company recognizes revenue over the term of the lease. The Company has determined that for these leases, the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of inception, to be reasonably assured. The Company recognizes lease termination fees as revenue in the period received and writes off unamortized lease-related intangible and other lease-related account balances, provided there are no further Company obligations under the lease. Otherwise, such fees and balances are recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining obligation period with the termination payments being recorded as a component of rent receivable-deferred or deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.
If the Company funds tenant improvements and the improvements are deemed to be owned by the Company, revenue recognition will commence when the improvements are substantially completed and possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant. If the Company determines that the tenant allowances are lease incentives, the Company commences revenue recognition when possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant for tenant work to begin. The lease incentive is recorded as a deferred expense and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term.
Recoveries from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period that the applicable costs are incurred. The Company recognizes differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. Final billings to tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses did not vary significantly as compared to the estimated receivable balances.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and financingright-of-use assets and lease liabilities are included within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.Right-of-use assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. For lease agreements with lease andnon-lease components, we account for the components as a single combined lease component.
Real Estate Properties
Real estate properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, except land. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of:
| Years | ||||
Buildings | 28-50 | |||
Site improvement | ||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | ||||
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.
Impairment of Real Estate Properties
Long-lived assets currently in use are reviewed periodically for possible impairment and will be written down to fair value if considered impaired. Long-lived assets, to be disposed of, are written down to the lower of
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cost or fair value less the estimated cost to sell. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment when there is an event or a change in circumstances that indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company measures and records impairment losses and reduces the carrying value of properties when indicators of impairment are present and the expected undiscounted cash flows related to those properties are less than their carrying amounts. In cases where the Company does not expect to recover its carrying costs on properties held for use, the Company reduces its carrying costs to fair value.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company consolidates variable interest entities (“VIE”) if the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the entity. When evaluating the accounting for a VIE, the Company considers the purpose for which the VIE was created, the importance of each of the activities in which it is engaged and our decision-making role, if any, in those activities that significantly determine the entity’s economic performance relative to other economic interest holders. The Company determines the rights, if any, to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE by considering the economic interest in the entity, regardless of form, which may include debt, equity, management and servicing fees, or other contractual arrangements. The Company considers other relevant factors including each entity’s capital structure, contractual rights to earnings (losses), subordination of the Company’s interests relative to those of other investors, contingent payments, and other contractual arrangements that may be economically significant.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company places its temporary cash investments in high credit financial institutions. However, a portion of temporary cash investments may exceed FDIC insured levels from time to time. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed, and intends to continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to continue to qualify, as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute dividends equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders, and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to matters such as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Provided the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on the earnings distributed currently to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and, for years prior to 2018, any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, the Company may not be able tore-elect as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years.
For periods prior to the completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions on April 21, 2014, no provision was made for U.S. federal, state or local income taxes because profits and losses of the Predecessor flowed through to its respective partners, members and shareholders who were individually responsible for reporting such amounts.
For periods subsequent to the completion of the IPO and the Formation Transactions, the taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes to the extent there is taxable income.
Non-controlling Interests
The Company follows the provisions pertaining tonon-controlling interests of ASC Topic 810. Anon-controlling interest is the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Among other matters, thenon-controlling interest standards require thatnon-controlling interests be reported as part of equity in the consolidated balance sheet (separately from the controlling interest’s equity).
Upon completion of the IPO and Formation Transactions and exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, the Operating Partnership issued 3,251,904 common units of limited partnership interest to the Predecessor’s prior investors as partial consideration for the contribution of their interest in the Predecessor to the Operating Partnership. Non-controlling interest in the Company represents common units of the Operating Partnership held by the Predecessor’s prior investors.
On July 14, 2016, the Company issued a total of 3,126,084 shares of its common stock to certain limited partners of the Operating Partnership. The shares of common stock were issued in connection with Second City’s redemption of a total of 3,126,084 common units pursuant to the terms of the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, as amended and restated.
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company held a 99.8% and 80.3% interest, respectively, in the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner and the majority interest holder, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership.
Equity-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for equity-based compensation, including shares of restricted stock units, in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to recognize an expense for the fair value of equity-based awards. The estimated fair value of restricted stock units is amortized over their respective vesting periods.
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Earnings per Common Share
The Company calculates net income per common share based upon the weighted average shares outstanding for the yearyears ended December 31, 2016,2019 and December 31, 20152018 and for the period from April 21 – December 31, 2014.2017. Diluted earnings per share is calculated after giving effect to all potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. There were 40,001, 3,070,405, and 2,915,709 potentially dilutive shares outstanding related to the issuance of common units held by non-controlling interests during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively; however, the shares were excluded from the computation of diluted shares as their impact would have been anti-dilutive. As a result, the number of diluted outstanding common shares was equal to the number of basic outstanding common shares.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. The Company has not elected toFor derivatives that qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate anythe instruments as a hedge.fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC820-10”) establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).
Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which is typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Deferred Leasing Costs
Fees and costs paid in the successful negotiation of leases are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases.
Accumulated amortization of deferred leasing costs as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $3.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates in one industry segment, commercial real estate.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted in the Current Year
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. ASU 2015-3 requires an entity to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. Amortization of the costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. ASU 2015-3 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The new guidance must be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented. The Company adopted ASU 2015-3 on January 1, 2016 and retrospectively reclassified $3.4 million of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2015 from deferred financing costs, net, to long term debt.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The update requires that acquiring entities in a business combination recognize adjustments to provisional amounts identified in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined, including the cumulative effect of the change in provisional amount, as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Adjustments related to previous reporting periods must be disclosed by income statement line item, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes, in the period for which the adjustment was identified. ASU 2015-16 was adopted January 1, 2016. There was no impact to the Company’s 2016 financial statements upon adopting ASU 2015-16.
To Be Adopted in Future Years
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which creates a new Topic Accounting Standards Codification (Topic 606). The standard is principle-based and provides a five-step model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle is that a Company should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This standard is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The new standard will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of Topic 606 will have on our financial statements.
In January of 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 825-10). The amendments in ASU 2016-01 address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for the annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and for annual periods and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASUestablished Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)No. 2016-02, Leases. The update amends the existing accounting standards for which requires lessors to classify leases as a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease accounting, including requiringand requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheetson-balance sheet and
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Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted FASB ASU2016-02, Leases (ASC 842) and elected the effective date method for the transition. The Company elected the following practical expedients:
Transition method practical expedient – permits the Company to lessor accounting. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after,use the effective date as the date of initial application, with an optionapplication. Upon adoption, the Company did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment to use certain transition relief. ASU 2016-02 will be effectivethe opening balance of retained earnings. Financial information and disclosures for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Thebefore January 1, 2019 were not updated.
Package of practical expedients – permits the Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoptingnot to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. This allowed the Company to continue classifying its leases at transition in substantially the same manner.
Single component practical expedient – permits the Company to not separate lease andnon-lease components of leases. Upon transition, rental income, expense reimbursement, and other were aggregated into a single line within rental and other revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.
Land easement practical expedient – permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.prior conclusions about land easements.
Short-term lease practical expedient – permits the Company not to recognize leases with a term equal to or less than 12 months.
Lessor Accounting
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09), to amend and simplify several aspects of theThe accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including:lessors under the new standard remained relatively unchanged with a few targeted updates impacting the Company, which included: (i) income tax consequences,narrower definition of initial direct costs that requires certain costs to be expensed rather than capitalized, and (ii) classification of awardsprovisions for uncollectible rents to be recorded as equity or liabilitiesa reduction in revenue rather than as bad debt expense.
Lessee Accounting
The new standard requires lessees to recognize aright-of-use asset and (iii) classificationlease liability on the statementbalance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as finance or operating at inception, with classification affecting the pattern and recording of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.
In August of 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides clarified guidance on the presentation and classification of certain cash receipts and cash paymentsexpenses in the statement of cash flows. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Theoperations. Upon transition the Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our statement of cash flows.
In November of 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The new standard requires that the statement of cash flows explain the changes during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our statement of cash flows.
In January of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new standard provides an initial screening test to determine when a set ofrecognizedright-of use assets and activities is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This standard is effectivelease liabilities principally for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017its ground and interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.office leases.
3. Rents Receivable, Net
The Company’s rents receivable is comprised of the following components (in thousands):
| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||
Billed receivables | $ | 2,024 | $ | 588 | $ | 2,880 | $ | 2,383 | ||||||||
Straight-line receivables | 15,233 | 13,794 | 29,232 | 23,712 | ||||||||||||
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Total rents receivable | $ | 17,257 | $ | 14,382 | $ | 32,112 | $ | 26,095 | ||||||||
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Substantially allAs of these assets have been pledged as collateralDecember 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company’s allowance for mortgage loans payable (see Note 6).
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4. Real Estate Investments
Acquisitions
During the years ended December 31, 2016, 20152019, December 31, 2018 and 2014December 31, 2017 the Company acquired the following properties:
Property | Date Acquired | Percentage Owned | ||||
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The above
| (1) | Denver Tech is comprised of 7601 Tech, which was acquired in September 2019, and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”). |
Each of the foregoing acquisitions have beenwere accounted for as business combinations.
The following table summarizes the Company’s preliminary allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
| Carillon Point | FRP Collection | Park Tower | 5090 N 40th St | SanTan | Total December 31, 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 5,172 | $ | 7,031 | $ | 3,484 | $ | 6,696 | $ | 6,803 | $ | 29,186 | ||||||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 14,500 | 36,480 | 66,967 | 31,465 | 35,202 | 184,614 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvements | 2,816 | 2,219 | 1,689 | 658 | 1,984 | 9,366 | ||||||||||||||||||
Acquired intangible assets | 3,851 | 3,932 | 8,324 | 3,616 | 10,284 | 30,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 73 | 101 | 307 | — | — | 481 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (217 | ) | (532 | ) | (296 | ) | (448 | ) | (544 | ) | (2,037 | ) | ||||||||||||
Lease intangible liabilities | (353 | ) | — | (773 | ) | (604 | ) | (930 | ) | (2,660 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Total Consideration | $ | 25,842 | $ | 49,231 | $ | 79,702 | $ | 41,383 | $ | 52,799 | $ | 248,957 | ||||||||||||
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Consideration paid on acquisitions was in the form of cash and debt.asset acquisitions.
The following table summarizes the Company’s allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 20152019 (in thousands):
| Logan Tower | Superior Pointe | DTC Crossroads | 190 Office Center | Intellicenter | Total December 31, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 1,306 | $ | 3,153 | $ | 7,137 | $ | 7,162 | $ | 5,244 | $ | 24,002 | ||||||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 7,844 | 19,250 | 22,545 | 39,367 | 31,359 | 120,365 | ||||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvements | 353 | 584 | 638 | 323 | 2,919 | 4,817 | ||||||||||||||||||
Acquired intangible assets | 1,274 | 2,866 | 4,152 | 5,673 | 7,742 | 21,707 | ||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | — | 24 | — | 64 | — | 88 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (48 | ) | (316 | ) | (605 | ) | (720 | ) | (321 | ) | (2,010 | ) | ||||||||||||
Lease intangible liabilities | (306 | ) | (53 | ) | (353 | ) | (805 | ) | (664 | ) | (2,181 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Total Consideration | $ | 10,423 | $ | 25,508 | $ | 33,514 | $ | 51,064 | $ | 46,279 | $ | 166,788 | ||||||||||||
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| Canyon Park | Cascade Station | 7601 Tech | Total December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||
Land | $ | 7,098 | $ | — | $ | 10,865 | $ | 17,963 | ||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 36,619 | 25,141 | 25,677 | 87,437 | ||||||||||||
Tenant improvements | 1,797 | 2,080 | 3,858 | 7,735 | ||||||||||||
Lease intangible assets | 8,109 | 3,134 | 7,401 | 18,644 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | 10 | 3,164 | 293 | 3,467 | ||||||||||||
Debt | — | (697 | ) | — | (697 | ) | ||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (1,266 | ) | (186 | ) | (668 | ) | (2,120 | ) | ||||||||
Lease intangible liabilities | (1,297 | ) | (220 | ) | (79 | ) | (1,596 | ) | ||||||||
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Net assets acquired | $ | 51,070 | $ | 32,416 | $ | 47,347 | $ | 130,833 | ||||||||
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On January 2, 2014,Consideration paid on acquisitions was in the Predecessor acquired the remaining 57.7% interest it did not already own in ROC-SCCP Cherry Creek I, LP (“Cherry Creek”) for approximately $12.0 million.form of cash and debt. The acquisition of the Cascade Station property was financedpartially funded through an assumption of debt with a new $50principal amount of $22.5 million mortgage loan, the proceeds of which were used to repay $36 million of existing debt of Cherry Creek, fund the payment of $12.0 million to the seller, pay $1.2 million of deferred financing costs and $0.8 million in transactions costs.
The Company recognized expenses relating to the Cherry Creek acquisition of $806,344 for the year ended December 31, 2014. A gain of $4.5 million was recognized from the fair value adjustment associated with the Predecessor’s original ownership due to a change in control, calculated as follows (in thousands):at closing.
Fair value of assets and liabilities acquired | $ | 56,833 | ||
Less existing mortgage in Cherry Creek | (36,000 | ) | ||
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Less cash paid to seller | (12,021 | ) | ||
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Fair value of 42.3% equity interest | 8,812 | |||
Carrying value of investment in Cherry Creek | (4,337 | ) | ||
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Gain on existing 42.3% equity interest | $ | 4,475 | ||
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The following table summarizes the Company’s allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 20142018 (in thousands):
| Cherry Creek | Plaza 25 | Lake Vista Pointe | FRP Ingenuity Drive | Total December 31, 2014 | Pima Center | Circle Point | The Quad | Circle Point Land | Greenwood Blvd | Camelback Square | Total December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 25,745 | $ | 1,764 | $ | 4,115 | $ | 4,415 | $ | 36,039 | $ | — | $ | 8,744 | $ | 8,079 | $ | 4,937 | $ | 3,945 | $ | 11,738 | $ | 37,443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 15,771 | 18,487 | 17,562 | 16,376 | 68,196 | 42,235 | 33,708 | 38,060 | — | 23,741 | 35,532 | 173,276 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tenant improvements | 4,372 | 2,076 | 3,038 | 1,399 | 10,885 | 2,898 | 5,393 | 1,798 | — | 2,278 | 2,390 | 14,757 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquired intangible assets | 12,009 | 2,924 | 3,685 | 4,309 | 22,927 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | — | 2 | 30 | 104 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease intangible assets | 10,691 | 10,299 | 4,209 | — | 4,578 | 4,304 | 34,081 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 95 | 25 | 15 | — | 15 | 10 | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (815 | ) | (641 | ) | (1,733 | ) | (41 | ) | (3,230 | ) | (337 | ) | (1,157 | ) | (527 | ) | (72 | ) | (96 | ) | (421 | ) | (2,610 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease intangible liabilities | (249 | ) | (328 | ) | — | — | (577 | ) | (129 | ) | (390 | ) | (1,247 | ) | — | — | (827 | ) | (2,593 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total Consideration | $ | 56,833 | $ | 24,284 | $ | 26,697 | $ | 26,562 | $ | 134,376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets acquired | $ | 55,453 | $ | 56,622 | $ | 50,387 | $ | 4,865 | $ | 34,461 | $ | 52,726 | $ | 254,514 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The operating resultsfollowing table summarizes the Company’s allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired properties,and liabilities assumed during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, since the date of acquisition have been included in the Company’s consolidated and combined financial statements. The following table represents the results of the properties’ operations from the date of acquisition for properties acquired during the year that is presented.2017 (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, 2016 | Year ended December 31, 2015 | Year ended December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 7,215 | $ | 10,047 | $ | 11,282 | ||||||
Operating expenses | (7,433 | ) | (9,957 | ) | (10,007 | ) | ||||||
Interest | (589 | ) | (1,192 | ) | (3,987 | ) | ||||||
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| $ | (807 | ) | $ | (1,102 | ) | $ | (2,712 | ) | ||||
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| 2525 McKinnon | Mission City and Sorrento Mesa | Papago Tech | Total December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||
Land | $ | 10,629 | $ | 66,097 | $ | 10,746 | $ | 87,472 | ||||||||
Buildings and improvements | 33,357 | 78,072 | 17,469 | 128,898 | ||||||||||||
Tenant improvements | 1,158 | 8,393 | 2,293 | 11,844 | ||||||||||||
Lease intangible assets | 3,267 | 22,846 | 2,816 | 28,929 | ||||||||||||
Other assets | — | 140 | 10 | 150 | ||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities | (190 | ) | (1,507 | ) | (246 | ) | (1,943 | ) | ||||||||
Lease intangible liabilities | (2,186 | ) | (3,766 | ) | (99 | ) | (6,051 | ) | ||||||||
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Net assets acquired | $ | 46,035 | $ | 170,275 | $ | 32,989 | $ | 249,299 | ||||||||
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Sale of Real Estate Property
On June 15, 2016,December 12, 2019, the Company sold the Corporate ParkwayLogan Tower property in Allentown, Pennsylvania,Denver, Colorado for $12.6 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $2.9 million net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.
On May 7, 2019, the Company sold the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa property in San Diego, California for $16.5 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $0.5 million net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.
On February 7, 2019, the Company sold the Plaza 25 property in Denver, Colorado for $17.9 million. No gain or loss was recognized on the sale as the property was carried at fair value less cost to sell on the date of disposition.
On March 8, 2018, the Company sold the Washington Group Plaza property in Boise, Idaho for $86.5 million, resulting in an aggregate net gain of $47.0 million, net of $1.7 million in costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.
On May 2, 2017, the Company sold the 1400 and 1600 buildings at the AmberGlen property in Portland, Oregon, and its related assets and liabilities, for a sales price of $44.9$18.9 million, resulting in an aggregate net gain
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of $15.9$12.1 million,
net of $2.0 million in costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In connection with
Assets Held for Sale
On May 10, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell a land parcel at the Circle Point property for $6.5 million. The Company determined that the land parcel met the criteria for classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. The transaction is anticipated to close in the first half of 2020, subject to customary closing conditions. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has received a $0.5 millionnon-refundable deposit.
The property has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
December 31, 2019 | Circle Point Land | |||
Real estate properties, net | $ | 4,514 | ||
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Assets held for sale | $ | 4,514 | ||
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Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred rent and tenant rent deposits | (67) | |||
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Liabilities related to assets held for sale | $ | (67) | ||
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On November 30, 2018, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell the Plaza 25 property for $17.9 million. The Company determined that the property met the criteria for classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2018. Upon classification as held for sale, we recognized an impairment charge of $3.5 million to lower the carrying amount of the property to its estimated fair value less cost to sell. As of December 31, 2018, a $0.5 millionnon-refundable deposit was received. On February 7, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the Plaza 25 property.
The property certain debt repayments were made. Inwas classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
December 31, 2018 | Plaza 25 | |||
Real estate properties, net | $ | 16,149 | ||
Deferred leasing costs, net | 419 | |||
Acquired lease intangible assets, net | 11 | |||
Rents receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets | 791 | |||
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Assets held for sale | $ | 17,370 | ||
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Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred rent and tenant rent deposits | (878 | ) | ||
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Liabilities related to assets held for sale | $ (878) | |||
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Variable Interest Entities
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had entered into a purchase and sale transaction in accordance with ASU 2014-08, the sale was not considered a discontinued operation. Proceeds from the sale were applied subsequently in a like-kind exchange so as to qualify for tax-deferred treatment under Section 1031 of the Code.
In September 2016,Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for the exchange of like-kind property to defer taxable gains on the sale of properties (“1031 Exchange”). For reverse transactions under a 1031 Exchange in which the Company entered into an agreementpurchases new properties prior to sellselling the Washington Group Plaza property in Boise, Idaho for a sales price of $86.5 million which is scheduled to close in April 2018. A $5.0 million non-refundable deposit was received in December 2016, $0.25 millionbe matched in the formlike-kind exchange, legal title to the new properties is held by a Qualified Intermediary engaged to execute the 1031 Exchange until the sale transaction and the 1031 Exchange is completed. The Company retained essentially all of earnest money depositthe legal and $4.75 millioneconomic benefits and obligations related to Mission City, Sorrento Mesa and Papago Tech prior to
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completion of the 1031 Exchanges. As such, Mission City, Sorrento Mesa and Papago Tech are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations as an irrevocable lettera VIE. As of credit.
The following table presents the unaudited revenuesDecember 31, 2019 and income from continuing operations for Logan Tower, Superior Pointe, DTC Crossroads, 190 Office Center, Intellicenter, Carillon Point, FRP Collection, Park Tower, 5090 N 40th St, and SanTan on a pro forma basis as ifDecember 31, 2018 the Company had completed the acquisition of the properties as of January 1, 2015 (in thousands):did not have any variable interest entities.
| Year ended December 31, 2016 | Year ended December 31, 2015 | |||||||
Total revenues as reported by City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor | $ | 72,461 | $ | 55,052 | ||||
Plus: Logan Tower | — | 143 | ||||||
Superior Pointe | — | 1,666 | ||||||
DTC Crossroads | — | 1,904 | ||||||
190 Office Center | — | 3,798 | ||||||
Intellicenter | — | 3,196 | ||||||
Carillon Point | 1,736 | 3,350 | ||||||
FRP Collection | 3,003 | 5,877 | ||||||
Park Tower | 9,252 | 10,231 | ||||||
5090 N 40th St | 4,395 | 4,795 | ||||||
SanTan | 6,224 | 5,719 | ||||||
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Proforma total revenues | $ | 97,071 | $ | 95,731 | ||||
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Total operating (loss)/income as reported by the City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor | $ | (296 | ) | $ | 4,527 | |||
Property acquisition costs | 567 | (567 | ) | |||||
Plus: Logan Tower | — | (13 | ) | |||||
Superior Pointe | — | (86 | ) | |||||
DTC Crossroads | — | (59 | ) | |||||
190 Office Center | — | (233 | ) | |||||
Intellicenter | — | 930 | ||||||
Carillon Point | 398 | 738 | ||||||
FRP Collection | (1,034 | ) | (1,126 | ) | ||||
Park Tower | 1,385 | 944 | ||||||
5090 N 40th St | 612 | 667 | ||||||
SanTan | 208 | (552 | ) | |||||
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Proforma operating (loss)/income | $ | 1,840 | $ | 5,170 | ||||
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5. Lease Intangibles
Lease intangibles and the value of assumed lease obligations as of December 31, 20162019 and 2015December 31, 2018 were comprised as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2016 | Above Market Leases | In Place Leases | Leasing Commissions | Total | Below Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Intangible Assets | Lease Intangible Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | Above Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease(1) | In Place Leases | Leasing Commissions | Total | Below Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease(1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost | $ | 7,796 | $ | 59,370 | $ | 25,693 | $ | 92,859 | $ | (5,587 | ) | $ | (138 | ) | $ | (5,725 | ) | $ | 15,242 | $ | — | $ | 87,320 | $ | 36,048 | $ | 138,610 | $ | (13,878) | $ | (138) | $ | (14,016) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization | (3,779 | ) | (24,384 | ) | (8,482 | ) | (36,645 | ) | 1,395 | 28 | 1,423 | (6,704 | ) | — | (48,229 | ) | (16,144 | ) | (71,077 | ) | 5,782 | 40 | 5,822 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| $ | 4,017 | $ | 34,986 | $ | 17,211 | $ | 56,214 | $ | (4,192 | ) | $ | (110 | ) | $ | (4,302 | ) | $ | 8,538 | $ | — | $ | 39,091 | $ | 19,904 | $ | 67,533 | $ | (8,096) | $ | (98) | $ | (8,194) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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December 31, 2015 | Above Market Leases | In Place Leases | Leasing Commissions | Total | Below Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Intangible Assets | Lease Intangible Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2018 | Above Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease(1) | In Place Leases | Leasing Commissions | Total | Below Market Leases | Below Market Ground Lease(1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost | $ | 5,616 | $ | 44,478 | $ | 17,530 | $ | 67,624 | $ | (2,928 | ) | $ | (138 | ) | $ | (3,066 | ) | $ | 10,595 | $ | 1,855 | $ | 82,474 | $ | 31,706 | $ | 126,630 | $ | (12,925) | $ | (138) | $ | (13,063) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated Amortization | (2,830 | ) | (17,641 | ) | (6,163 | ) | (26,634 | ) | 750 | 24 | 774 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated amortization | (4,800 | ) | (19 | ) | (34,273 | ) | (12,037 | ) | (51,129 | ) | 4,140 | 36 | 4,176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| $ | 2,786 | $ | 26,837 | $ | 11,367 | $ | 40,990 | $ | (2,178 | ) | $ | (114 | ) | $ | (2,292 | ) | $ | 5,795 | $ | 1,836 | $ | 48,201 | $ | 19,669 | $ | 75,501 | $ | (8,785) | $ | (102) | $ | (8,887) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| (1) | For the below market ground lease asset the Company is the lessee, whereas, for the below market ground lease liability the Company is the lessor. Upon the adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company derecognized the below market ground lease intangible asset related to one of its lessee ground leases and included the net carrying value of the intangible asset within theright-of-use asset recognized upon transition to the new standard. |
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for lease intangibles for the five succeeding years and in the aggregate are as follows (in thousands):
2017 | $ | 15,641 | ||||||
2018 | 10,845 | |||||||
2019 | 9,071 | |||||||
2020 | 7,438 | $ | 18,987 | |||||
2021 | 5,410 | 15,894 | ||||||
2022 | 8,217 | |||||||
2023 | 5,358 | |||||||
2024 | 3,190 | |||||||
Thereafter | 3,507 | 7,693 | ||||||
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| $ | 51,912 | $ | 59,339 | |||||
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6. Debt
The following table summarizes the securedoutstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 20162019 and 20152018 (in thousands):
Property | December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | Interest Rate as of December 31, 2016 | Maturity | ||||||||||||
Secured Credit Facility (1) | $ | 52,500 | $ | 50,000 | LIBOR +2.25 | %(2) | June 2018 | |||||||||
Washington Group Plaza (3) | 32,995 | 33,669 | 3.85 | July 2018 | ||||||||||||
AmberGlen Mortgage Loan (4) | 24,280 | 24,729 | 4.38 | May 2019 | ||||||||||||
Midland Life Insurance (5) | 90,124 | 95,000 | 4.34 | May 2021 | ||||||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe (3) | 18,460 | 18,460 | 4.28 | August 2024 | ||||||||||||
FRP Ingenuity Drive (3)(6) | 17,000 | 17,000 | 4.44 | December 2024 | ||||||||||||
Plaza 25 (3)(7) | 17,000 | 17,000 | 4.10 | July 2025 | ||||||||||||
190 Office Center(7) | 41,250 | 41,250 | 4.79 | October 2025 | ||||||||||||
Intellicenter(7) | 33,563 | 33,563 | 4.65 | October 2025 | ||||||||||||
FRP Collection(7) | 30,737 | — | 3.85 | September 2023 | ||||||||||||
Carillon Point(7) | 17,000 | — | 3.50 | October 2023 | ||||||||||||
Term Loan(8) | — | 14,000 | LIBOR+6.00 | %(2) | — | |||||||||||
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Total Principal | 374,909 | 344,671 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net | (4,852 | ) | (3,393 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Total | $ | 370,057 | $ | 341,278 | ||||||||||||
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All interest rates are fixed interest rates with the exception of the revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) as explained in footnote 1 below.
Property | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | Interest Rate as of December 31, 2019(1) | Maturity | ||||||||||||
Unsecured Credit Facility(3)(4) | $ | — | $ | 147,500 | LIBOR +1.40 | %(2) | March 2022 | |||||||||
Term Loan(4) | 50,000 | — | LIBOR +1.25 | %(2) | September 2024 | |||||||||||
Midland Life Insurance(5) | 85,293 | 86,973 | 4.34 | May 2021 | ||||||||||||
Mission City | 47,000 | 47,000 | 3.78 | November 2027 | ||||||||||||
Canyon Park(6) | 40,950 | — | 4.30 | March 2027 | ||||||||||||
190 Office Center | 40,854 | 41,250 | 4.79 | October 2025 | ||||||||||||
Circle Point | 39,650 | 39,650 | 4.49 | September 2028 | ||||||||||||
SanTan | 34,053 | 34,682 | 4.56 | March 2027 | ||||||||||||
Intellicenter | 32,971 | 33,481 | 4.65 | October 2025 | ||||||||||||
The Quad | 30,600 | 30,600 | 4.20 | September 2028 | ||||||||||||
FRP Collection(7) | 28,969 | 29,589 | 3.10 | September 2023 | ||||||||||||
2525 McKinnon | 27,000 | 27,000 | 4.24 | April 2027 | ||||||||||||
Greenwood Blvd(7) | 22,425 | 22,425 | 3.15 | December 2025 | ||||||||||||
Cascade Station | 22,304 | — | 4.55 | May 2024 | ||||||||||||
5090 N 40th St | 22,000 | 22,000 | 3.92 | January 2027 | ||||||||||||
AmberGlen | 20,000 | 20,000 | 3.69 | May 2027 | ||||||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe | 17,717 | 18,044 | 4.28 | August 2024 | ||||||||||||
Central Fairwinds(8) | 17,534 | 17,882 | 3.15 | June 2024 | ||||||||||||
FRP Ingenuity Drive | 17,000 | 17,000 | 4.44 | December 2024 | ||||||||||||
Carillon Point(7) | 15,972 | 16,330 | 3.10 | October 2023 | ||||||||||||
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Total Principal | 612,292 | 651,406 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net | (5,660 | ) | (6,052 | ) | ||||||||||||
Unamortized fair value adjustments | 618 | — | ||||||||||||||
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Total | $ | 607,250 | $ | 645,354 | ||||||||||||
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| (1) | All interest rates are fixed interest rates with the exception of the unsecured credit facility (“Unsecured Credit Facility”) and the term loan (“Term Loan”) as explained in footnotes 3 and 4 below. |
| (2) | As of December 31, |
| (3) | In March 2018, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement for our Unsecured Credit Facility |
| (4) | In September 2019, the Company |
| (5) | The mortgage loan is cross-collateralized by |
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| (6) | The |
| (7) | In August 2019, the Company |
| (8) | In September 2019, the Company entered into a loan modification agreement for Central Fairwinds reducing the interest rate from 4.0% to 3.15%. |
The scheduled principal repayments of mortgage payable as of December 31, 20162019 are as follows (in thousands):
2017 | $ | 3,853 | ||
2018 | 88,509 | |||
2019 | 27,508 | |||
2020 | 4,829 | |||
2021 | 86,761 | |||
Thereafter | 163,449 | |||
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Total | $ | 374,909 | ||
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On January 4, 2017, the Company closed on a $22.0 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the 5090 N 40th St property in Phoenix, Arizona. The loan matures in January 2027. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 3.92% per annum.
On February 9, 2017, the Company closed on a $35.1 million loan secured by a first mortgage lien on the SanTan property in Phoenix, Arizona. The loan matures in March 2027. Interest is payable at a fixed rate of 4.56% per annum.
2020 | $ | 6,279 | ||
2021 | 89,355 | |||
2022 | 6,529 | |||
2023 | 48,529 | |||
2024 | 124,725 | |||
Thereafter | 336,875 | |||
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| $ | 612,292 | |||
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7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value measurements are based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is as follows:
Level 1 Inputs – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 Inputs – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
Level 3 Inputs – unobservable inputs
In September 2019, the Company entered into the five-year Interest Rate Swap for a notional amount of $50.0 million. Pursuant to the Interest Rate Swap, the Company will pay a fixed rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate30-day LIBOR payments.
The Interest Rate Swap has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge and has been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,2019, the Interest Rate Swap was reported as an asset at its fair value of approximately $0.7 million, which is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 2019 the amount of realized gains reclassified to interest expense due to payments received by the swap counterparty was $0.1 million. Accordingly, the fair value of the Interest Rate Swap has been classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any hedges or derivatives.
The estimated fair value of the earn-out liability decreased from $5.7 million at December 31, 2015 to $2.4 million at December 31, 2016. A $3.8 million payment was made in March 2016, satisfied through the issuance of common stockCash and common units. Subsequent to year-end, the Company entered into a Termination and Mutual Release Agreement which increased the liability by $0.5 million to a final cash payment of $2.4 million (see Note 10).
Level 3 sensitivity analysis:
The Company applies judgment in determining unobservable inputs used to calculate the fair value of Level 3 instruments. Level 3 instruments held by the Company include the earn-out. The unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the earn-out primarily include the net effective rent assumptions. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the potential gain or loss by varying the significant unobservable inputs by increasing or decreasing them by 10%. The impact of applying these other reasonably possible inputs is a potential loss of $0.5 million and a potential gain of $0.5 million. This potential gain or loss would be recorded through profit and loss.
Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, AccountsRents Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
The Company estimates that the fair value approximates carrying value due to the relatively short-term nature of these instruments.
73
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
With the exception of fixed rate mortgage loans payable, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair value. The Company determines the fair value of its fixed rate mortgage loan payable based on a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate that approximates the current borrowing rates for instruments of similar maturities. Based on this, the Company has determined that the fair value of these instruments was $323.7$576.9 million and $285.9$503.3 million as of December 31, 20162019 and December 31, 2015,2018, respectively. Although the Company has determined the majority of the inputs used to value its fixed rate debt fall within Level 2 ofAccordingly, the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its fixed rate debt utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads. Accordingly, mortgage loans payable have been classified as Level 3 fair value measurements.
8. Related Party Transactions
Equity TransactionsAdministrative Services Agreements
On February 1, 2016,October 29, 2018, the Company closed on the previously announced Internalization. The Company had previously entered into a Stock PurchasetheFirst Amendment (the “Amendment”) to theAdministrative Services Agreement with certain stockholders of the Company’s Advisor pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of the Advisor (see Note 1).
On July 14, 2016, the Company issued a total of 3,126,084 shares of its common stock to certain limited partners of the Operating Partnership. The shares of common stock were issued in connectionreal estate investment funds affiliated with Second City’s redemption of a total of 3,126,084 common units pursuant to theCity Capital II Corporate and Second City Real Estate II Corporation (“SCRE II”). The terms of the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, as amendedAmendment were effective on February 1, 2019 (the “Effective Date”). After February 1, 2019, the annual fees payable to the Company will be $500,000 for the first twelve months following the Effective Date and restated.
Property Management Fees
Fivethereafter an amount equal to 40% of the properties (City Center, Central Fairwinds, AmberGlen, FRP Collection and Park Tower) engaged related parties to perform asset and property management services for a fee ranging from 2.0% to 3.5% of gross revenue. Management fees paid to SCRE II by the minority partners of these three properties totaled $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million forfund managed by SCRE II. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 20152019, 2018, and 2014, respectively.2017, the Company earned $0.5 million, $0.7 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, in administrative services performed for SCRE II and its affiliates.
AdvisoryAlso during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company was assigned a purchase contract which had been entered into by an entity affiliated with principals of Second City, which principals are also officers of the Company. The Company subsequently assigned the purchase contract to a third party. The Company paid no consideration to the related party for the contract other than return of deposits which the Company subsequently recovered from a third party in addition to an assignment fee. The Company recognized income of $2.6 million on the assignment of the purchase contract to the third party, which was recorded in rental and Transaction Feesother revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.
On July 31, 2019, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into anadministrative services agreement with Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership and Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (together, “Clarity”), entities affiliated with principals of Second City and officers of the Company. Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Company will provide various administrative services and support to the related entities managing the Clarity funds. During the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014,2019, the amounts earned by the Company incurred $0.1for the administrative services performed for Clarity were nominal.
Earn-Out Payment
On February 15, 2017, the Company entered into a Termination and Mutual Release Agreement with Second City that terminated our obligation to make any futureearn-out payments associated with the Central Fairwinds property in exchange for a cash payment of $2.4 million, $3.0 million, and $1.5 million, respectively,which was made to Second City on February 21, 2017.
Minority Interest Buy Out
On August 1, 2018, the Company signed an agreement with Second City Capital Partners II, Limited Partnership (“SCCP”) whereby SCCP agreed to sell its seven percent minority interest in advisory and transaction fees payableCentral Fairwinds Limited Partnership to the Advisor.Company for $1.1 million. As a result of the agreement, the Company’s ownership percentage in Central Fairwinds Limited Partnership is 97%.
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9. Leases
Earn-Out PaymentLessor Accounting
DuringThe Company is focused on acquiring, owning and operating high-quality office properties for lease to a stable and diverse tenant base. Our properties have both full-service gross and net leases which are generally classified as operating leases. Rental income related to such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. The Company’s total revenue includes fixed base rental payments provided under the lease and variable payments which principally consist of tenant expense reimbursements for certain property operating expenses. The Company elected the practical expedient to account for its lease andnon-lease components as a single combined operating lease component under the new leasing standard. As a result, rental income, expense reimbursement, and other were aggregated into a single line within rental and other revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, a payment2019, the Company recognized $153.5 million, respectively, of approximately $3.8 million was maderental and other revenue related to Second City in March 2016 under the Earn-Out provision described in Note 10.its operating leases (in thousands):
9. Future Minimum Rent Schedule
| Year ended December 31, 2019 | ||||
Fixed payments | $ | 132,540 | ||
Variable payments | 20,990 | |||
|
| |||
| $ | 153,530 | |||
|
| |||
Future minimum lease payments to be received as of December 31, 20162019 under noncancellable operating leases for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
2017 | $ | 76,581 | ||
2018 | 67,837 | |||
2019 | 60,793 | |||
2020 | 53,872 | |||
2021 | 46,616 | |||
Thereafter | 104,940 | |||
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| |||
| $ | 410,639 | |||
|
|
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter $ 116,513 110,491 94,800 73,959 53,905 113,580 $ 563,248
The above minimum lease payments to be received do not include reimbursements from tenants for certain operating expenses and real estate taxes and do not include early termination payments provided for in certain leases.
ThirteenThe Company’s leases may include various provisions such as scheduled rent increases, renewal options and termination options. The majority of the Company’s leases include defined rent increase rather than variable payments based on an index or unknown rate. One state government tenantstenant currently havehas the exercisable right to terminate their lease if the state does not appropriate rent in its annual budgets. The Company has determined that the occurrence of the government tenant not appropriating the rent in its annual budget is a remote contingency and accordingly recognizes lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term. These tenants representThis tenant represents approximately 15.0%7.3% of the Company’s total future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2016.2019.
Lessee Accounting
As a lessee, the Company has ground and office leases classified as operating leases and one office lease classified as a financing lease. Upon adoption of Topic 842, on January 1, 2019, the Company recognizedright-of-use assets of $9.2 million and lease liabilities of $7.2 million. The difference between the recorded
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right-of-use assets and lease liabilities is mainly due to the reclassification of the below market ground lease intangible asset, which was included within theright-of-use assets recognized upon transition. As of December 31, 2019, these leases had remaining terms of two to 69 years and a weighted average remaining lease term of 56 years. Operating and financingright-of-use assets and lease liabilities have been included within other assets and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2019 | ||||
Right-of-use asset – operating leases | $ | 13,130 | ||
Lease liability – operating leases | $ | 8,033 | ||
Right-of-use asset – financing leases | $ | 79 | ||
Lease liability – financing leases | $ | 79 | ||
Lease liabilities are measured at the commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments. One of the Company’s operating ground leases includes rental payment increases over the lease term based on increases in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). Changes in the CPI were not estimated as part of the measurement of the operating lease liability. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The Company used a weighted average discount rate of 6.3% in determining its lease liabilities. The discount rates were derived from the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the Company and adjusted to reflect secured borrowing, estimated yield curves and long-term spread adjustments.
Right-of-use assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.
Operating lease expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 was $0.8 million. Financing lease expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 was nominal.
Future minimum lease payments to be paid by the Company as a lessee as of December 31, 2019 for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
| Operating Leases | Financing Leases | |||||||
2020 | $ | 533 | $ | 27 | ||||
2021 | 817 | 27 | ||||||
2022 | 798 | 27 | ||||||
2023 | 663 | 4 | ||||||
2024 | 597 | — | ||||||
Thereafter | 26,680 | — | ||||||
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| |||||
Total future minimum lease payments | 30,088 | 85 | ||||||
Discount | (22,055 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
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Total | $ | 8,033 | $ | 79 | ||||
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10. Commitments and Contingencies
Earn-Out
As part of the Formation Transactions and contribution agreement with respect to the Central Fairwinds property, the Company was obligated to make additional payments to Second City (each, an “Earn-Out Payment”) for up to a five year period commencing on the initial IPO date of April 21, 2014. Earn-Out Payments were contingent on the property reaching certain specified occupancy levels through new leases to qualified tenants and exceeding a net operating income threshold, which grows annually. Second City will be entitled to receive an Earn-Out Payment (net of the associated leasing costs and inclusive of leasing commissions and tenant improvements/allowances and free rent) as and when the occupancy of Central Fairwinds reaches each of 70%, 80% and 90% (each, an “Earn-Out Threshold”) based on the incremental cash flow generated by new leases and a 7.75% stabilized capitalization rate. The Company will make any additional Earn-Out Payment within 30 days of the end of the Earn-Out Term based on new qualified leases entered into since the achievement of the last Earn-Out Threshold. Subsequent to year-end, the Company entered into a Termination and Mutual Release Agreement and a final cash payment of $2.4 million was made to Second City in February 2017.
The estimated fair value of the earn-out liability decreased from $5.7 million at December 31, 2015 to $2.4 million at December 31, 2016. A $3.8 million payment was made in March 2016, satisfied through the issuance of common stock and common units. Subsequent to year-end, the Company entered into a Termination and Mutual Release Agreement which increased the liability by $0.5 million to a final cash payment of $2.4 million.
Tax Protection Agreements
In connection with our initial public offering and the related Formation Transactions, our Operating Partnership entered into tax protection agreements that provide that if we dispose of any interest in our initial properties in a taxable transaction prior to the fourth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, subject to certain exceptions, we will indemnify certain contributors of properties in our Formation Transactions for their tax liabilities attributable to the built-in gain that exists with respect to our properties as of the time of our initial public offering and their tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payment.
Other
The Company is obligated under certain tenant leases to fund tenant improvements and the expansion of the underlying leased properties.
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Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances disposed, stored, generated, released, manufactured or discharged from, on, at, under, or in a property. As such, the Company may be potentially liable for costs associated with any potential environmental remediation at any of its formerly or currently owned properties.
The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances. Management is not aware of any environmental liability that it believes would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Management is unaware of any instances in which the Company would incur significant environmental costs if any or all properties were sold, disposed of or abandoned. However, there can be no assurance that any suchnon-compliance, liability, claim or expenditure will not arise in the future.
The Company is involved from time to time in lawsuits and other disputes which arise in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 20162019, management believes that these matters will not have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
11. Earnings per Share
The table below is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 2,442 | $ | 38,669 | $ | 9,158 | ||||||
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in properties | (644 | ) | (501 | ) | (3,402 | ) | ||||||
Less: Net income attributable to Preferred stockholders | (7,420 | ) | (7,420 | ) | (7,411 | ) | ||||||
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| |||||||
Numerator for basic and diluted EPS | $ | (5,622 | ) | $ | 30,748 | $ | (1,655) | |||||
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Denominator for basic EPS | 43,997 | 37,321 | 30,198 | |||||||||
Dilutive effect of RSUs | — | 349 | — | |||||||||
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| |||||||
Denominator for dilutive EPS | 43,997 | 37,670 | 30,198 | |||||||||
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Net (loss)/income per common share: | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | 0.82 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Dilutive | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | 0.82 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
12. Stockholder’s Equity
The Company issued 5,800,000 shares in conjunction with the IPO resulting in net proceeds of $63.4 million after deducting the underwriters’ discount and offering expenses. The underwriters of the IPO exercised their overallotment option to purchase an additional 782,150 shares of the Company’s common stock resulting in additional net proceeds to us of $9.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts.
On December 10, 2014,June 16, 2017, the Company completed a follow-on public offeringand the Operating Partnership previously entered into the equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Original Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company sold 3,750,000may issue and sell from time to time shares of our common stock and the Company’s 6.625% Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On November 1, 2018, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into amendments (the “Amendments”) to the publicOriginal Agreements (as amended by the Amendments, the “EDAs”) with each of the Sales Agents to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the ATM Program. Pursuant to the terms of the EDAs, the Company may issue and sell from time to time, up to 8,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents pursuant to the ATM Program. Pursuant to the EDAs, the shares may be offered and sold through the Sales Agents in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange or sales made to or through a market maker
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other than on an exchange or, with the prior consent of the Company, in privately negotiated transactions. The Sales Agents will be entitled to compensation of up to 2.0% of the gross proceeds of shares sold through the Sales Agents from time to time under the EDAs. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares under the EDAs and may at a priceany time suspend solicitations and offers under, or terminate, the EDAs. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 8,000,000 shares of $12.50 per share.common stock under the ATM Program. The Company raised $46.9$106.5 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $104.8 million after deducting sales commissions and offering expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 3,410,802 shares of common stock under the ATM Program pursuant to the Original Agreements. The Company raised $43.6 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $43.6$42.9 million after deducting approximately $2.6 million in underwriting discountssales commissions and approximately $0.7 million in other expenses relating tooffering expenses. The Company terminated the offering. On December 23, 2014, the underwriters of the offering exercised their overallotment option to purchase an additional 512,664 shares of our common stock at the offering price of $12.50 a share resulting in additional gross proceeds to us of approximately $6.4 million resulting in net proceeds to us of $6.1 million after deducting approximately $0.3 million in underwriting discounts. The net proceeds were used entirely to redeem 336,195 common units and 176,469 common stock held by the Operating Partnerships’ non-controlling interest.EDAs effective February 25, 2020.
On February 1, 2016, the Company closed on the Internalization. Upon closing of the Internalization, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries acquired all of the outstanding stock of the Advisor. Pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, at closing, the Company issued 297,321 shares of its common stock to the sellers. In addition, the Company recorded $3.5 million in the first quarter of 2016 in payments to the sellers upon reaching certain fully diluted market capitalization thresholds.
On April 5, 2016,October 7, 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering pursuant to which the Company sold 8,050,0006,900,000 shares of its common stock, to the public at a price of $11.40 per share, inclusive of the overallotment option. The Company raised $91.8$95.6 million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $86.7 million after deducting $5.1 million in underwriting discounts and other expenses related to the offering.
On July 14, 2016, the Company issued a total of 3,126,084 shares of its common stock to certain members of Second City in connection with Second City’s redemption of a total of 3,126,084 common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.
On October 4, 2016, the Company completed a public preferred stock offering pursuant to which the Company sold 4,000,000 shares of our 6.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), par value $0.01 per share to the public at a price of $25.00 per share. The Company raised $100.0 million in gross proceeds, resulting inaggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $96.5$94.1 million after deducting $3.5 million in underwriting discounts and expenses related to the offering. On October 28, 2016, the Company issued an additional 480,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, raising an additional $12.0 million in gross proceeds before underwriting discounts andoffering expenses. The preferred stock is perpetual and from October 4, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any
accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to, but not including, the date of redemption. During the year ended December 31, 2016, a pro-rated dividend of $1.8 million was declared and paid subsequently in January 2017.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests in the Company represent common units of the Operating Partnership held by the Predecessor’s prior investors. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, non-controlling interests consisted of 40,001 and 3,070,405 Operating Partnership units and represented approximately 0.2% and 19.7% of the Operating Partnership, respectively. Operating Partnership units and shares of common stock have essentially the same economic characteristics, as they share equally in the total net income or loss distributions of the Operating Partnership. Each limited partner and assignees of limited partners have the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the partnership agreement, to require the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of the common units held by such limited partner or assignee in exchange for a cash amount per common unit equal to the value of one share of common stock, determined in accordance with and subject to adjustment under the partnership agreement. The Company has the sole option at its discretion to redeem the common units by issuing common stock on a one-for-one basis. The Operating Partnership unitholders are entitled to share in cash distributions from the Operating Partnership in proportion to its percentage ownership of common units.
The following table summarizes thenon-controlling interests in properties as of December 31, 20162019 and December 31, 20152018 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||
City Center | $ | (65 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | $ | (183 | ) | ||||
Central Fairwinds | 571 | 484 | (314 | ) | (304 | ) | ||||||||||
AmberGlen | (1,240 | ) | (1,154 | ) | (1,141 | ) | (1,272 | ) | ||||||||
FRP Collection | 995 | — | 851 | 791 | ||||||||||||
Park Tower | 1,488 | — | 1,875 | 1,932 | ||||||||||||
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| $ | 1,749 | $ | (675 | ) | $ | 1,124 | $ | 964 | ||||||||
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Common Stock and Common Unit Distributions
During the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, the Company declared aggregate cash distributions to common stockholders and common unitholders of $22.9$44.3 million. The Company paid aggregate cash distributions of $20.8$40.7 million for the year-ended December 31, 20162019 and $5.7$12.8 million was payable as of December 31, 2016.2019.
During the year ended December 31, 2016,2019, the Company declared the following distributions per share and unit:
Period | Distribution per Common Share/ Unit | Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | ||||||||||||
January 1, 2016 – March 31, 2016 | $ | 0.235 | March 15, 2016 | April 5, 2016 | April 19, 2016 | |||||||||||
April 1, 2016 – June 30, 2016 | 0.235 | June 20, 2016 | July 7, 2016 | July 21, 2016 | ||||||||||||
July 1, 2016 – September 30, 2016 | 0.235 | September 15, 2016 | October 11, 2016 | October 25, 2016 | ||||||||||||
October 1, 2016 – December 31, 2016 | 0.235 | December 21, 2016 | January 13, 2017 | January 25, 2017 | ||||||||||||
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Total | $ | 0.940 | ||||||||||||||
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Period January 1, 2019 – March 31, 2019 April 1, 2019 – June 30, 2019 July 1, 2019 – September 30, 2019 October 1, 2019 – December 31, 2019 Total Distribution per
Common
Share/Unit Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date $ 0.235 March 15, 2019 April 11, 2019 April 25, 2019 0.235 June 14, 2019 July 11, 2019 July 25, 2019 0.235 September 16, 2019 October 11, 2019 October 25, 2019 0.235 December 13, 2019 January 10, 2020 January 24, 2020 $ 0.940
Preferred Stock Distributions
During the year ended December 31, 2016, a pro-rated dividend2019, the Company declared aggregate cash distributions to preferred stockholders of $1.8$7.4 million. The Company paid aggregate cash distributions of $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and $1.9 million was declared and paid subsequently in January 2017.payable as of December 31, 2019.
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Restricted Stock Units
The Company has an equity incentive plan (“Equity(as amended, “Equity Incentive Plan”) for certain officers, directors, advisors and personnel, and, with approval of the board of directors, for subsidiaries and their respective affiliates. The Equity Incentive Plan provides for grants of restricted common stock, restricted stock units, phantom shares, stock options, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards (including LTIP Units), subject to the total number of shares available for issuance under the plan. The Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the compensation committee of the board of directors (the “plan administrator”).
TheOn May 2, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Equity Incentive Plan increasing the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan isfrom 1,263,580 shares to 2,263,580 shares. To the extent an award granted under the Equity Incentive Plan expires or terminates, the shares subject to any portion of the award that expires or terminates without having been exercised or paid, as the case may be, will again become available for the issuance of additional awards.
During the twelve monthsyear ended December 31, 2016, 78,2502019, 162,500 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were granted to directors, executive officers andnon-executive employees with a fair value of $1.0$1.8 million. The awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 156,375 RSUs were granted to directors, executive officers andnon-executive employees with a fair value of $1.9 million. The awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, 117,478 RSUs were granted to directors, executive officers andnon-executive employees with a fair value of $1.5 million. The awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
For the year ended December 31, 20162019, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2015,2017, the Company recognized net compensation expense of $2.4$1.7 million, $1.4 million and $1.9$1.7 million respectively related to the RSU’s.RSUs.
A RSU award represents the right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock in the future, after the applicable vesting criteria, determined by the plan administrator, has been satisfied. The holder of an award of RSU has no rights as a stockholder until shares of common stock are issued in settlement of vested restricted stock units. The plan administrator may provide for a grant of dividend equivalent rights in connection with the grant of RSU; provided, however, that if the restricted stock units do not vest solely upon satisfaction of continued employment or service, any payment in respect to the related dividend equivalent rights will be held by the Company and paid when, and only to the extent that, the related RSU vest.
12.
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13. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited):
The following tables summarize certain selected quarterly financial data for 20162019 and 20152018 (in thousands, except per share data):. Summation of the individual quarters of net income/(loss) per share may not equal annual totals due to rounding.
| 2019 Quarters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth | Third | Second | First | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 39,060 | $ | 38,946 | $ | 41,171 | $ | 37,120 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income/(loss) | 2,988 | (947 | ) | 1,321 | (920 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders | 987 | (2,966 | ) | (699 | ) | (2,944 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income/(loss) per share | 0.02 | (0.07 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.07 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 Quarters | 2018 Quarters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth | Third | Second | First | Fourth | Third | Second | First | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 21,304 | $ | 18,791 | $ | 16,092 | $ | 16,274 | $ | 34,167 | $ | 33,547 | $ | 30,236 | $ | 31,534 | ||||||||||||||||
Net (loss)/income | (3,193 | ) | (1,882 | ) | 14,244 | (8,793 | ) | (6,684 | ) | (1,161 | ) | (684 | ) | 47,198 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders | (5,080 | ) | (1,945 | ) | 11,522 | (7,121 | ) | (8,656 | ) | (3,151 | ) | (2,653 | ) | 45,208 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss)/income per share | (0.21 | ) | (0.08 | ) | 0.56 | (0.56 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.07 | ) | 1.25 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2015 Quarters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth | Third | Second | First | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 17,543 | $ | 14,616 | $ | 11,634 | $ | 11,259 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) | (1,798 | ) | (2,984 | ) | (2,086 | ) | (799 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | (1,551 | ) | (2,499 | ) | (1,798 | ) | (743 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss per share | (0.12 | ) | (0.20 | ) | (0.15 | ) | (0.06 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
13. Subsequent Events80
On January 12, 2017, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership closed on the acquisition of 2525 McKinnon, an approximately 111,000 square foot tower located in Dallas, Texas, for $46.8 million, exclusive of closing costs.
On January 13, 2017, the Company completed a public offering pursuant to which the Company sold 5,750,000 shares of its common stock to the public at a price of $12.40 per share, inclusive of the overallotment option. The Company raised $71.3 million in gross proceeds, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $68.1 million after deducting $3.2 million in underwriting discounts and other expenses related to the offering.
City Office REIT, Inc. and Predecessor
SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 20162019
(In Thousands)thousands)
Description | Encumbrances | Initial Cost to Company | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition | Gross Amount at Which Carried as of December 31, 2016 | Accumulated Amortization | Date of Construction | Date Acquired | Depreciation Life For Latest Income Statement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Encumbrances(2) | Intial Costs to Company | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
| Gross Amount at Which Carried as of December 31, 2019(1) | Accumulated Amortization | Year of Construction | Year Acquired | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Encumbrances | Land | Buildings and Improvements | Improvements | Land | Building and Improvements | Total | Accumulated Amortization | Date of Construction | Date Acquired | Depreciation Life For Latest Income Statement | Land | Buildings and Improvements | Improvements | Land | Building and Improvements | Total(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 8,790 | $ | 5,705 | $ | 4,513 | $ | 8,790 | $ | 10,218 | $ | 19,008 | $ | 20,000 | $ | 6,546 | $ | 3,490 | $ | 2,578 | $ | 6,546 | $ | 6,068 | $ | 12,614 | $ | 2,898 | 1984-1998 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
City Center | 24,265 | 3,123 | 10,656 | 8,761 | 3,123 | 19,417 | 22,540 | 5,810 | 1984 | December 2010 | 40 Years | 22,965 | 3,123 | 10,656 | 9,790 | 3,123 | 20,446 | 23,569 | 7,484 | 1984 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central Fairwinds | — | 1,747 | 9,751 | 4,261 | 1,747 | 14,012 | 15,759 | 2,541 | 1982 | May 2012 | 40 Years | 17,534 | 1,747 | 9,751 | 6,927 | 1,747 | 16,678 | 18,425 | 4,471 | 1982 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Washington Group Plaza | 32,995 | 12,748 | 20,716 | 7,485 | 12,748 | 28,201 | 40,949 | 5,852 | 1970-1982 | June 2013 | 29 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cherry Creek | 49,521 | 25,745 | 20,144 | 472 | 25,745 | 20,616 | 46,361 | 3,862 | 1962-1980 | January 2014 | 36 Years | 46,867 | 25,745 | 20,144 | 1,837 | 25,745 | 21,981 | 47,726 | 6,590 | 1962-1980 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plaza 25 | 17,000 | 1,764 | 20,563 | 1,313 | 1,764 | 21,876 | 23,640 | 3,533 | 1981 | June 2014 | 30 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lake Vista Pointe | 18,460 | 4,115 | 20,600 | 55 | 4,115 | 20,655 | 24,770 | 2,324 | 2007 | July 2014 | 45 Years | 17,717 | 4,115 | 20,600 | 178 | 4,115 | 20,778 | 24,893 | 5,171 | 2007 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FPR Ingenuity Drive | 17,000 | 4,415 | 17,775 | 11 | 4,415 | 17,786 | 22,201 | 1,466 | 1999 | November 2014 | 40 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logan Tower | — | 1,305 | 8,197 | 274 | 1,305 | 8,471 | 9,776 | 714 | 1983 | February 2015 | 33 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Florida Research Park(4) | 45,969 | 11,446 | 56,475 | 3,228 | 11,446 | 59,703 | 71,149 | 9,100 | 1999 | 2014; 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Superior Pointe | — | 3,153 | 19,834 | 728 | 3,153 | 20,562 | 23,715 | 1,304 | 2000 | June 2015 | 40 Years | — | 3,153 | 19,834 | 1,810 | 3,153 | 21,644 | 24,797 | 3,452 | 2000 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DTC Crossroads | 16,337 | 7,137 | 23,184 | 298 | 7,137 | 23,482 | 30,619 | 1,325 | 1999 | June 2015 | 33 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Denver Tech(5) | 15,461 | 18,002 | 52,719 | 1,679 | 18,002 | 54,398 | 72,400 | 4,314 | 1999; 1997 | 2015; 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
190 Office Center | 41,250 | 7,162 | 39,690 | 133 | 7,162 | 39,823 | 46,985 | 1,708 | 2001/2008 | September 2015 | 45 Years | 40,854 | 7,162 | 39,690 | 1,596 | 7,162 | 41,286 | 48,448 | 5,110 | 2001 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intellicenter | 33,563 | 5,244 | 34,278 | 4 | 5,244 | 34,282 | 39,526 | 1,468 | 2008 | September 2015 | 50 Years | 32,971 | 5,244 | 34,278 | 69 | 5,244 | 34,347 | 39,591 | 4,726 | 2008 | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carillon Point | 17,000 | 5,173 | 17,316 | — | 5,173 | 17,316 | 22,489 | 450 | 2007 | June 2016 | 39 Years | 15,972 | 5,172 | 17,316 | 213 | 5,172 | 17,529 | 22,701 | 3,160 | 2007 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FRP Collection | 30,737 | 7,030 | 38,700 | 168 | 7,030 | 38,868 | 45,898 | 1,051 | 1986-1999 | July 2016 | 40 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Park Tower | — | 3,484 | 68,656 | — | 3,484 | 68,656 | 72,140 | 467 | 1973/2006 | November 2016 | 35 Years | — | 3,479 | 68,656 | 15,513 | 3,479 | 84,169 | 87,648 | 9,617 | 1973 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5090 N 40th St | — | 6,696 | 32,123 | 71 | 6,696 | 32,194 | 38,890 | 74 | 1988 | November 2016 | 45 Years | 22,000 | 6,696 | 32,123 | 1,633 | 6,696 | 33,756 | 40,452 | 3,018 | 1988 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SanTan | — | 6,803 | 37,187 | — | 6,803 | 37,187 | 43,990 | 65 | 2000/2003 | December 2016 | 41 Years | 34,053 | 6,803 | 37,187 | 4,556 | 6,803 | 41,743 | 48,546 | 5,180 | 2000-2003 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2525 McKinnon | 27,000 | 10,629 | 34,515 | 1,778 | 10,629 | 36,293 | 46,922 | 2,846 | 2003 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mission City | 47,000 | 25,741 | 41,474 | 6,337 | 25,741 | 47,811 | 73,552 | 6,066 | 1990-2007 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sorrento Mesa | — | 34,305 | 36,726 | 2,445 | 34,305 | 39,171 | 73,476 | 4,093 | 1985-2001 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papago Tech | — | 10,746 | 19,762 | 709 | 10,746 | 20,471 | 31,217 | 2,169 | 1993-1995 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pima Center | — | — | 45,133 | 1,030 | — | 46,163 | 46,163 | 3,345 | 2006-2008 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circle Point | 39,650 | 9,320 | 39,101 | 1,581 | 9,320 | 40,682 | 50,002 | 3,036 | 2001 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Quad | 30,600 | 8,079 | 39,858 | 93 | 8,079 | 39,951 | 48,030 | 2,103 | 1982 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greenwood Blvd | 22,425 | 3,945 | 26,019 | 500 | 3,945 | 26,519 | 30,464 | 915 | 1997 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Camelback Square | — | 11,738 | 37,922 | 1,267 | 11,738 | 39,189 | 50,927 | 1,325 | 1978 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canyon Park | 40,950 | 7,098 | 38,416 | 2,691 | 7,098 | 41,107 | 48,205 | 1,046 | 1993; 1999 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cascade Station | 22,304 | — | 27,220 | 36 | — | 27,256 | 27,256 | 600 | 2008-2009 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate | 52,500 | — | — | 120 | — | 120 | 120 | 65 | 50,000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Financing Costs | (4,851 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Total | $ | 612,292 | $ | 230,034 | $ | 809,065 | $ | 70,074 | $ | 230,034 | $ | 879,139 | $ | 1,109,173 | $ | 101,835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 370,057 | $ | 115,634 | $ | 445,075 | $ | 28,667 | $ | 115,634 | $ | 473,742 | $ | 589,376 | $ | 39,052 |
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| (1) | The aggregate cost for federal tax purposes as of December 31, |
| (2) | Encumbrances exclude net deferred financing costs of |
| (3) | Properties identified as held for |
| (4) | Florida Research Park is comprised of “FRP Ingenuity Drive” and |
| (5) | Denver Tech is |
| 2016 | 2015 | |||||||
Real Estate Properties | ||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 381,789 | $ | 227,139 | ||||
Acquisitions | 223,167 | 149,184 | ||||||
Dispositions | (24,309 | ) | — | |||||
Capital improvements | 8,729 | 5,466 | ||||||
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Balance, end of year | $ | 589,376 | $ | 381,789 | ||||
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Accumulated depreciation | ||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 26,909 | $ | 15,311 | ||||
Depreciation | 30,178 | 11,598 | ||||||
Depreciation on dispositions | (18,035 | ) | — | |||||
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Balance, end of year | $ | 39,052 | $ | 26,909 | ||||
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81
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
| 2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Real Estate Properties | ||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 1,005,647 | $ | 776,301 | ||||
Acquisitions | 113,134 | 225,476 | ||||||
Dispositions and impairments | (27,585 | ) | (5,715 | ) | ||||
Capital improvements | 22,491 | 30,378 | ||||||
Assets held for sale | (4,514 | ) | (20,793 | ) | ||||
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Balance, end of year | $ | 1,109,173 | $ | 1,005,647 | ||||
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Accumulated Depreciation | ||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 70,484 | $ | 48,234 | ||||
Depreciation | 35,531 | 29,196 | ||||||
Dispositions | (4,180 | ) | (2,301 | ) | ||||
Depreciation on assets held for sale | — | (4,645 | ) | |||||
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Balance, end of year | $ | 101,835 | $ | 70,484 | ||||
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82
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Description | |
| 101.CAL | CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT** | |
| 101.LAB | LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT** | |
| 101.PRE | PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT** | |
| 101.DEF | DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT** | |
| † | Filed herewith. |
| * | Compensatory Plan or arrangement |
| ** | Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| CITY OFFICE REIT, INC. | ||||||
| Date: | By: | /s/ James Farrar | ||||
| James Farrar | ||||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name | Title | Date | ||
/s/ James Farrar James Farrar | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ Anthony Maretic Anthony Maretic | Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
/s/ John McLernon John McLernon | Independent Director, Chairman of Board of Directors | |||
/s/ Mark Murski Mark Murski | Independent Director | |||
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/s/ William Flatt William Flatt | Independent Director | |||
/s/
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John Sweet John Sweet | Independent Director | |||
EXHIBIT INDEX
Sabah Mirza |
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