UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DCD.C. 20549

 

FORM10-K

 

(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period fromto.FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM           TO

Commission file number:File Number 0-26680

 

NICHOLAS FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact Namename of Registrant as Specifiedspecified in its Charter)

 

 

British Columbia, Canada

8736-3354

59-2506879

(State or Other Jurisdictionother jurisdiction of

Incorporationincorporation or Organization)organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

2454 McMullen Booth Road, Building C

Clearwater, FL

33759

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Clearwater, Florida 33759Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (727) 726-0763

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(727)726-0763

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered underpursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

 

Title of Each Classeach class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of Each Exchangeeach exchange on Which Registeredwhich registered

Common shares, no par value

NICK

NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered underpursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YesNo

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the RegistrantRegistrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrantRegistrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). YesNo

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of RegulationS-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form10-K or any amendment to this Form10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”,filer,” “accelerated filer” andfiler,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YesNo

At September 30, 2017, theThe aggregate market value of the Registrant’svoting and non-voting common sharesequity held bynon-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on September 30, 2020, was approximately $48.8$36.3 million.

AsThe number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of June 22, 2018,19, 2021 was approximately 12.6 million shares, no par value of the Registrant were outstanding (of which approximately 4.74.9 million shares were held by the Registrant’s principal operating subsidiary and pursuant to applicable law, not entitled to vote and approximately 7.97.7 million shares were entitled to vote).

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement and Information Circular for the 20182021 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10 through 14, of this Annual Report on Form10-K.

 

 

 



NICHOLAS FINANCIAL, INC.

FORM10-K ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page No.

PART I

Page No.

PART I

Item 1.

Business

1

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

9

12

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

18

22

Item 2.

Properties

18

22

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

18

23

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

18

23

PART II

PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

18

24

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data[Reserved]

21

25

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

22

26

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

30

33

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

31

34

Item 9.

Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

52

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

52

61

Item 9B.

Other Information

55

62

PART III

PART III

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

55

63

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

55

63

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

55

63

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

55

63

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

55

63

PART IV

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

56

64


Forward-Looking Information

This Annual Report on Form10-K (this “Report” or “Annual Report”) contains various forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such statements are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions, as well as information currently available to management. When used in this document, the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although Nicholas Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) believes that the expectations reflected or implied in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. SuchAs a result, actual results could differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report may include, without limitation: (1) the projected impact of the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) outbreak on our customers and our business, (2) projections of revenue, income, and other items relating to our financial position and results of operations, (3) statements of our plans, objectives, strategies, goals and intentions, (4) statements regarding the capabilities, capacities, market position and expected development of our business operations, and (5) statements of expected industry and general economic trends. These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements, including but not limited to the risk factors discussed herein under “Item 1A – Risk Factors.” without limitation:

future impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak and measures taken in response thereto, including without limitation the successful delivery of vaccines effective against the different variants of the virus, for which future developments are highly uncertain and difficult to predict;

availability of capital (including the ability to access bank financing);

recently enacted, proposed or future legislation and the manner in which it is implemented, including taxlegislation initiatives or challenges to our tax positions and/or interpretations, and state sales tax rules and regulations;

fluctuations in the economy;

the degree and nature of competition and its effects on the Company’s financial results;

fluctuations in interest rates;

effectiveness of our risk management processes and procedures, including the effectiveness of theCompany’s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures;

demand for consumer financing in the markets served by the Company;

our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new or enhanced products and services;

the sufficiency of our allowance for credit losses and the accuracy of the assumptions or estimates used inpreparing our financial statements;

increases in the default rates experienced on automobile finance installment contracts (“Contracts”);

higher borrowing costs and adverse financial market conditions impacting our funding and liquidity;

our ability to securitize our loan receivables, occurrence of an early amortization of our securitization facilities, loss of the right to service or subservice our securitized loan receivables, and lower payment rates on our securitized loan receivables;

regulation, supervision, examination and enforcement of our business by governmental authorities, andadverse regulatory changes in the Company’s existing and future markets, including the impact of theDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and other legislative and regulatory developments, including regulations relating to privacy, information security and data protection and the impact of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (the “CFPB”) regulation of our business

fraudulent activity;

failure of third parties to provide various services that are important to our operations;

alleged infringement of intellectual property rights of others and our ability to protect our intellectual property;

litigation and regulatory actions;


our ability to attract, retain and motivate key officers and employees;

use of third-party vendors and ongoing third-party business relationships;

cyber-attacks or other security breaches;

disruptions in the operations of our computer systems and data centers;

our ability to realize our intentions regarding strategic alternatives;

our ability to expand our business, including our ability to complete acquisitions and integrate theoperations of acquired businesses and to expand into new markets; and

the risk factors discussed herein under “Item 1A – Risk Factors.”

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or expected. Among the key factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements include the availability of capital (including the ability to access bank financing), recently enacted, proposed or future legislation and the manner in which it is implemented, including the effect of changes in tax law, such as the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) that was enacted on December 22, 2017, fluctuations in the economy, the degree and nature of competition and its effects on the Company’s financial results, fluctuations in interest rates, the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, demand for consumer financing in the markets served by the Company, the Company’s products and services, increases in the default rates experienced on automobile finance installment contracts (“Contracts”), adverse regulatory changes in the Company’s existing and future markets, the Company’s intentions regarding strategic alternatives, the Company’s ability to expand its business, including its ability to complete acquisitions and integrate the operations of acquired businesses and to expand into new markets, and the Company’s ability to recruit and retain qualified employees. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on information available to the Company as of the date of filing of this Annual Report, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement. Prospective investors should also consult the risk factors described from time to time in the Company’s other filings made with the USU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including its reports on Forms10-Q,8-K 10-Q, 8-K and annual reports to shareholders.


PART I

Item 1. Business

General

Nicholas Financial, Inc. (“Nicholas Financial-Canada”) is a Canadian holding company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia in 1986. The business activities of Nicholas Financial-Canada are currently conducted exclusively through its wholly-owned indirect subsidiary, Nicholas Financial, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Nicholas Financial”). Nicholas Financial is a specialized consumer finance company engaged primarily in acquiring and servicing automobile finance installment contracts (“Contracts”) for purchases of used and new automobiles and light trucks. To a lesser extent,Additionally, Nicholas Financial also originates direct consumer loans (“Direct Loans”) and sells consumer-finance related products. A second Florida subsidiary, Nicholas Data Services, Inc. (“NDS”), serves as the intermediate holding company for Nicholas Financial. In addition, NF Funding I, LLC (“NF Funding I”), is a wholly-owned, special purpose financing subsidiary of Nicholas Financial.

Nicholas Financial-Canada, Nicholas Financial, NDS, and NDSNF Funding I are hereafter collectively referred to as the “Company”. Nicholas Financial’s operations accounted for 100% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

All financial information herein is designated in United States dollars. References to “fiscal 2018”2021” are to ourthe fiscal year ended March 31, 2018,2021 and references to “fiscal 2017”2020” are to ourthe fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, and references to “fiscal 2016” are to our fiscal year ended March 31, 2016.2020.

The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 2454 McMullen Booth Road, Building C, Clearwater, Florida 33759, and its telephone number is(727) 726-0763.

Available Information

The Company’s filings with the SEC, including annual reports on Form10-K, quarterly reports on Form10-Q, definitive proxy statements on Schedule 14A, current reports on Form8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are made available free of charge through the Investor Center section of the Company’s Internet website athttp://www.nicholasfinancial.com as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC. The Company is not including the information contained on or available through its web sitewebsite as a part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this Report. Copies of any materials the Company files with the SEC can also be obtained free of charge through the SEC’s website athttp://www.sec.gov or at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at1-800-SEC-0330..

Operating Strategy

The Company previously announced that it wasre-evaluating its operational strategy and structure. Under its new management team, however, the Company has elected to remainremains committed to its branch-based model and its core product of financing primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower.borrower through the local independent automobile dealership. The Company will strategically employemploys the use of centralized servicesservicing departments to supplement the branch operations and improve operational efficiencies, but its focus will beis on its core business model of decentralized operations. The Company’s strategy will also includeincludes risk-based pricing based on risk (rate, yield, advance, etc.)term, collateral value) and a commitment to the underwriting discipline required for optimal portfolio performance.

performance as opposed to chasing competition for to sake of simply generating volume. The Company’s principal goals are to increase its profitability and its long-term shareholder value throughvalue. During fiscal 2021, the measured acquisition of Contracts in existing markets and broadeningCompany focused on the geographic area in which its current branches operate. following items:

maintaining our commitment to the local branch model;

expanding the local branch model into new states;

identifying additional ancillary products to enhance profitability and asset performance;

continuing to focus on strategic acquisitions or bulk portfolio purchases to accelerate total revenue;

ensuring that Direct Loans are available in all our existing branch offices based on the applicable regulatory requirements.

1


The Company seeksalso focused on selecting the right markets to strengthen its automobile financing programhave branch locations. As of March 31, 2021, the Company operated brick and mortar branch locations in the seventeen16 states — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, and Wisconsin. The Company also originated business in its expansion states of Idaho, Kansas, and Texas Virginiawithout a physical branch in such markets.

In fiscal 2021, the Company did not initiate any new restructuring activities. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company consolidated two branches in North Carolina and Wisconsin —two branches in which it currently operates by employing its core branch-based business modelGeorgia. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company consolidated five branches in each market it services, while supporting itsFlorida.

In fiscal 2021, the Company expanded the branch network with targeted centralized servicing departments.the opening of branches in Columbia, South Carolina; Las Vegas, Nevada; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Salt Lake City, Utah. During fiscal 2016,2020, the Company started buying Contracts in Wisconsinexpanded into the markets of Boise, Idaho and Pennsylvania. Dealers in Wisconsin are serviced in our Gurnee, Illinois branch. During fiscal 2017, the Company consolidated branch offices located in Sarasota, Florida, Toledo, Ohio and Troy, Michigan with other branches in those markets. During fiscal 2018, the Company consolidated branch offices located in Dayton, Ohio, Doral, Florida and Villa Park, Illinois with other branches in those markets. The Company also exited the Maryland market by closing its branch office located in Baltimore. The Company will continue to evaluate any branch locations not meeting its minimum profitability targets and may elect to close additional branches in the future.Phoenix, Arizona. The Company also continues to look for other expansion opportunities both in states in which it currently operates and in new states.opportunities. Although the Company cannot assert how many new markets it will enter (if any) in the foreseeable future, it does remain focused on growing the branch network where conditions are favorable.

During fiscal 2021, the Company completed bulk portfolio purchases for a total of $1.4 million, with $0.3 million in the first quarter, $0.7 million in the third quarter, and $0.4 million in the fourth quarter, respectively. The Company plans to consider more bulk portfolio purchases when favorable opportunities present themselves.

During fiscal 2020, the Company completed bulk portfolio purchases for a total of $21.0 million, with $1.1 million in the third quarter and $19.9 million in the fourth quarter, respectively.

 

1


AlthoughOn April 30, 2019 the Company has not made anyacquired substantially all of the assets of ML Credit Group, LLC (d/b/a Metrolina

Credit Company) (“Metrolina”). Metrolina provided automobile financing to consumers by direct loans and through

purchases of retail installment sales contracts originated by automobile dealers in the states of North Carolina and South Carolina. This acquisition represented the first bulk purchasespurchase of Contracts in over two decades, if the opportunity arises, the Company may consider possible acquisitions of portfolios of seasoned Contracts from dealers or lenders in bulk transactions as a means of further penetrating its existing markets or expanding its presence in targeted geographic locations.decades.

The Company is currently licensed to provide Direct Loans in 14 states— Alabama, Florida, Georgia (over $3,000), Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and North Carolina.Tennessee. The Company is considering the solicitation ofsolicits current and former customers in Florida and North Carolinathese states for the purpose of sellingproviding Direct Loans to such customers, and intends to continue the expansion of its Direct Loan capabilities to the other states in which it acquires Contracts. Even with this targeted expansion, the Company expects its total Direct Loans portfolio to remain between 3%8% and 10%12% of its total portfolio for the foreseeable future.

The Company cannot provide any assurances that it will be able to expand in either its current markets or any targeted new markets.

Automobile Finance Business – Contracts

The Company is engaged in the business of providing financing programs, primarily to purchasers of used cars and light trucks who meet the Company’s credit standards but who do not meet the credit standards of traditional lenders, such as banks and credit unions, because of the customer’s credit history, job instability, the age of the vehicle being financed, or some other factor(s). Unlike traditional lenders whichthat look primarily to the credit history of the borrower in making lending decisions, and typically financefinancing new automobiles, the Company is willing to purchase Contracts for purchases made by borrowers who do not have a good credit history and for older model and high-mileage automobiles. In making decisions regarding the purchase of a particular Contract, the Company considers the following factors related to the borrower: current income; credit history; history in making installment payments for automobiles; current and prior job status; and place and length of residence. In addition, the Company examines its prior experience with Contracts purchased from the dealer from which the Company is purchasing the Contract, and the value of the automobile in relation to the purchase price and the term of the Contract.

2


As of the date of this Annual Report, on Form10-K,the Company’s automobile finance programs are conducted in sixteen16 states through a total of 6045 branch offices consistinglocated in the states of seventeen inAlabama, Florida, six in Georgia, five in each of Ohio,Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, andMichigan, Missouri, two in each of North Carolina, Alabama,Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Michigan,Utah, and Virginia,Wisconsin. (Texas, Idaho, and one in each of Illinois, Kansas and Pennsylvania.are expansion states with no local branch office). The Company acquires Contracts in Wisconsin usingthese states through its virtual expansion office operations based in the underwriting staff of the Gurnee, IllinoisCharlotte, North Carolina branch location. As of March 31, 2018,2021, the Company hadnon-exclusive agreements with approximately 4,50013,000 dealers, of which approximately 1,40010,000 were active, for the purchase of individual Contracts that meet the Company’s financing criteria. The Company considers a dealer agreement to be active if the Company has purchased a Contract thereunder in the last six months. Each dealer agreement requires the dealer to originate Contracts in accordance with the Company’s guidelines. Once a Contract is purchased by the Company, the dealer is no longer involved in the relationship between the Company and the borrower, other than through the existence of limited representations and warranties of the dealer in favor of the Company.

A customer under a Contract typically makes a down payment, in the form of cash and/ortrade-in, ranging from 5% to 35% of the sale price of the vehicle financed. The balance of the purchase price of the vehicle plus taxes, title fees and, if applicable, premiums for extended service contracts, gap insurance,GAP waiver coverage, roadside assistance plans, credit disability insurance and/or credit life insurance are generally financed over a period of 12 to 60 months.

At approximately the time of origination, the Company purchases a Contract from an automobile dealer at a negotiated price that is less than the original principal amount being financed by the purchaser of the automobile. We referThe Company refers to the difference between the negotiated price and the original principal amount being financed as the dealer discount. The amount of the dealer discount depends upon factors such as the age and value of the automobile and the creditworthiness of the customer. The Company has recommitted to maintaining pricing discipline and therefore places less emphasis on competition when pricing the discount. Generally, the Company will pay more (i.e., purchase the Contract at a smaller discount from the original principal amount) for Contracts as the credit risk of the customer improves. To date, the Contracts purchased by the Company have been purchased at discounts that range from 1% to 15% of the original principal amount of each Contract.Contract, with the typical average discount being between 7.00% and 8.00%. As of March 31, 2018,2021, the Company’s loan portfolio consisted exclusively of Contracts purchased from a dealer or acquired through a bulk acquisition. Such Contracts are purchased without recourse to the dealer, however each dealer remains potentially liable to the Company for breaches of certain representations and warranties made by the dealer with respect to compliance with applicable federal and state laws and valid title to the vehicle.

The Company’s policy is to only purchase a Contract after the dealer has provided the Company with the requisite proof that (a) the Company has a first priority lien on the financed vehicle (or the Company has, in fact, perfected such first priority lien), (b) the customer has obtained the required collision insurance naming the Company as loss payee with a deductible of not more than $1,000 and (c) the Contract has been fully and accurately completed and validly executed. Once the Company has received and approved all required documents, it pays the dealer for the Contract and commences servicing the Contract.

3

2


Contract Procurement

The Company currently purchasespurchased Contracts in the states listed in the table below.below during the periods indicated. The Contracts purchased by the Company are predominatelypredominantly for used vehicles; for the periods shown below, less than 1% were for new vehicles. The average model year

collateralizing the portfolio as of March 31, 20182021 was a 20112012 vehicle. The dollar amounts shown in the table below represent the Company’s finance receivables net of unearned interest on Contracts purchased:purchased within the respective fiscal year:

 

 

Maximum

allowable

interest

 

 

Number of

 

 

Fiscal year ended March 31, (In thousands)

 

State

  Maximum
allowable
interest rate (1)
  Fiscal year ended March 31,
(In thousands)
 
 2018   2017   2016 

 

rate (1)

 

 

Branches

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Alabama

   (2 $3,108   $5,106   $5,764 

 

18-36%(2)

 

 

 

2

 

 

$

2,534

 

 

$

2,359

 

Florida

   18-30%(3)   29,206    47,923    55,270 

 

18-30%(3)

 

 

 

11

 

 

 

16,268

 

 

 

19,294

 

Georgia

   18-30%(3)   11,192    16,080    18,227 

 

18-30%(3)

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

11,129

 

 

 

10,712

 

Idaho

 

 

(2

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

418

 

 

 

-

 

Illinois

   (2  2,667    7,057    7,563 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

1,128

 

 

 

815

 

Indiana

   25  7,001    9,330    8,595 

 

 

25

%

 

 

2

 

 

 

3,259

 

 

 

3,661

 

Kansas

   (2  1,788    2,946    3,052 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

14

 

 

 

1,030

 

Kentucky

   18-25%(3)   5,558    8,422    8,837 

 

18-25%(3)

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

4,890

 

 

 

3,990

 

Maryland

   24  1,040    2,714    2,626 

Michigan

   25  4,709    6,622    7,671 

 

 

25

%

 

 

2

 

 

 

2,508

 

 

 

3,043

 

Missouri

   (2  4,663    8,244    8,227 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

2

 

 

 

4,759

 

 

 

4,361

 

Nevada

 

 

(2

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

1,567

 

 

 

350

 

North Carolina

   18-29%(3)   8,836    12,910    14,291 

 

18-29%(3)

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

4,586

 

 

 

6,859

 

Ohio

   25  14,599    19,366    24,520 

 

 

25

%

 

 

6

 

 

 

11,636

 

 

 

10,380

 

Pennsylvania

   18-21%(3)   2,200    2,749    392 

 

18-21%(3)

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

1,359

 

 

 

1,678

 

South Carolina

   (2  4,055    4,572    6,145 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

3

 

 

 

4,545

 

 

 

4,566

 

Tennessee

   (2  3,374    5,249    6,134 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

2,518

 

 

 

3,285

 

Texas

   18-28%(3)   2,835    6,557    4,965 

 

18-23%(3)

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

307

 

 

 

-

 

Virginia

   (2  2,639    3,973    4,614 

Utah

 

 

(2

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

244

 

 

 

-

 

Wisconsin

   (2  105    1,121    382 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

357

 

 

 

313

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   $109,575   $170,941   $187,275 

 

 

 

 

 

45

 

 

$

74,025

 

 

$

76,696

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

The maximum allowable interest rates are subject to change and vary based on the laws of the individual states.

(2)

None of these states currently imposes a maximum allowable interest rate with respect to the types and sizes of Contracts the Company purchases. The maximum rate which the Company will typically charge any customer in each of these states is 30%36% per annum.

(3)

The maximum allowable interest rate in each of these states varies depending upon the model year of the vehicle being financed. In addition, Georgia does not currently impose a maximum allowable interest rate with respect to Contracts over $5,000.

The following table presents selected information on Contracts purchased by the Company, net of unearned interest:Company:

 

  Fiscal year ended March 31,
(Purchases in thousands)
 

 

Fiscal year ended March 31,

(Purchases in thousands)

 

Contracts

  2018 2017 2016 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Purchases

  $109,575  $170,941  $187,275 

 

$

74,025

 

 

$

76,696

 

Weighted APR

   22.35 22.22 22.66

Average APR

 

 

23.4

%

 

 

23.4

%

Average dealer discount

   7.41 7.08 7.51

 

 

7.5

%

 

 

7.9

%

Weighted average term (months)

   54  57  56 

Average term (months)

 

 

46

 

 

 

47

 

Average loan

  $11,219  $11,693  $11,348 

 

$

10,135

 

 

$

10,035

 

Number of Contracts purchased

   9,767  14,619  16,503 

 

 

7,307

 

 

 

7,647

 

4


Direct Loans

The Company currently originates Direct Loans in Alabama, Florida, Georgia (over $3,000), Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and North Carolina.Tennessee. Direct Loans are loans originated directly between the Company and the consumer. These loans are typically for amounts ranging from $1,000$500 to 11,000$11,000 and are generally secured by a lien on an automobile, watercraft or other permissible tangible personal property. The average loan made to dateduring fiscal 2021 by the Company had an initial principal balance of approximately $4,000.$4,100. The Company does not expect the average loan size to increase significantly within the foreseeable future. The majorityMost of the Direct Loans are originated with current or former customers under the Company’s automobile financing program. The typical Direct Loan represents a better credit risk than our typical Contract due to the customer’s historical payment history with the Company.Company, as well as their established relationship with the local branch staff. The Company does not have a Direct Loan license in Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee,Idaho, Nevada, Texas, VirginiaUtah, or Wisconsin, and none is presently required in Georgia provided that the original principal balance of the loan is greater than $3,000. The Company did not pursue a Direct Loan license in any other state during fiscal year ending March 31, 2018 but expects to pursue licenses in one or more states in the foreseeable future. The size of the loan and maximum interest rate that may be (and is) charged varies from state to state. The Company considers the individual’s income, credit history, job stability, and the value of the collateral offered by the borrower to secure the loan as the primary factors in determining whether an applicant will receive an approval for such loan. Additionally, because most of the Direct Loans made by the Company to date have been made to borrowers under Contracts previously purchased by the Company, the payment history of the borrower under the Contract is a significant factor in making the loan decision. The Company’s Direct Loan program was implemented in April 1995 and accounted for approximately 2.4%7% of the Company’s annual consolidated revenues during the year ended March 31, 2018.2021.

3


In connection with its Direct Loan program, the Company also makes available credit disability insurance, credit life insurance, and involuntary unemployment insurance coverage to customers through unaffiliated third-party insurance carriers. Customers in approximately 62%Approximately 71% of the approximate 2,600 Direct Loan transactionsLoans outstanding as of March 31, 20182021 elected to purchase third-party insurance coverage made available by the Company. The cost of this insurance to the customer, which includes a commission for the Company, is included in the amount financed by the customer.

The following table presents selected information on Direct Loans originated by the Company, net of unearned interest:Company:

 

  Fiscal year ended March 31,
(Originations in thousands)
 

 

Fiscal year ended March 31,

(Originations in thousands)

 

Direct Loans

  2018 2017 2016 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Originations

  $7,642  $8,676  $9,578 

 

$

14,148

 

 

$

12,638

 

Weighted APR

   25.20 25.99 25.82

Weighted average term (months)

   29  30  30 

Average APR

 

 

29.6

%

 

 

28.2

%

Average term (months)

 

25

 

 

 

25

 

Average loan

  $3,754  $3,626  $3,589 

 

$

4,131

 

 

$

4,017

 

Number of contracts originated

   2,036  2,393  2,669 

 

 

3,497

 

 

 

3,142

 

Underwriting Guidelines

The Company’s typical customer has a credit history that fails to meet the lending standards of most traditional banks and credit unions. AmongSome of the credit problems experienced by the Company’s customers that resulted in a poor credit history are:include but are not limited to: prior automobile account repossessions, unpaid revolving credit card obligations;obligations, unpaid medical bills;bill, unpaid student loans;loans, prior bankruptcy;bankruptcy, and evictions for nonpayment of rent. The Company believes that its customer profile is similar to that of its direct competitors.

PriorThe Company’s process to its approval ofapprove the purchase of a Contract begins with the Company is provided withreceiving a standardized credit application completed by the consumer which contains information relating to the consumer’s background, employment, and credit history. The Company also obtains credit reports from Equifax and/or TransUnion, which are independent credit reporting services. The Company verifies the consumer’s employment history, income, and residence. In most cases, consumers are interviewed via telephone by a Company application processor (usually the Branch Manager or Assistant Branch Manager). The Company also considers the customer’s prior payment history with the Company, if any, as well as the collateral value of the vehicle being financed.

5


The Company has established internal underwriting guidelines to be used by its Branch Managers and internal underwriters when purchasing Contracts. Any Contract that does not meet these guidelines must be approved by the District Managers or senior management of the Company. The Company currently has District Managers charged with managing the specific branches in a defined geographic area. In addition to a variety of administrative duties, the District Managers are responsible for monitoring their assigned branches’ compliance with the Company’s underwriting guidelines as well as approving underwriting exceptions.

The Company uses essentially the samesimilar criteria in analyzing a Direct Loan as it does in analyzing the purchase of a Contract. Lending decisions regarding Direct Loans are made based upon a review of the customer’s loan application, income, credit history, job stability, and the value of the collateral offered by the borrower to secure the loan. To date, since the majority of the Company’s Direct Loans have been made to individuals whose automobiles have been financed by the Company, the customer’s payment history under his or her existing or past Contract is a significant factor in the lending decision.

After reviewing the information included in the Contract or Direct Loan application and taking the other factors into account, the Company’s loan origination system categorizes the customer using internally developed credit classifications of “1,” indicating higher creditworthiness, through “4,” indicating lower creditworthiness. Contracts are financed for individuals who fall within all four acceptable rating categories utilized, “1” through “4”. Usually a customer who falls within the two highest categories (i.e., “1” or “2”) is purchasing a two to four-yearfive-year old, lowlower mileage used automobile, while a customer in any of the two lowest categories (i.e., “3,” or “4”) usually is purchasing an older, highhigher mileage automobile from an independent used automobile dealer.

4


The Company utilizes internal audit (the “IA”) to performperforms audits of its branches’ compliance with Company underwriting guidelines. IAThe Company audits Company branches on a schedule that is variable depending on the size of the branch, length of time a branch has been open, current tenure of the Branch Manager, previous branch audit score, and current and historical branch profitability. Additionally, field supervisions and audits are conducted by District Managers, Divisional Vice Presidents and Divisional Administrative Assistants to ensure operational and underwriting compliance throughout the branch network.

Monitoring and Enforcement of Contracts

The Company requires each customer under a Contract to obtain and maintain collision insurance covering damage to the vehicle. Failure to maintain such insurance constitutes a default under the Contract, and the Company may, at its discretion, repossess the vehicle. To reduce potential loss due to insurance lapse, the Company has the contractual right to obtain collateral protection insurance through a third-party, which covers loss due to physical damage to a vehicle not covered by any insurance policy of the customer.

The Company’s Management Information Services personnel maintain a number of reports to monitor compliance by customers with their obligations under Contracts and Direct Loans made by the Company. These reports may be accessed on a real-time basis or at the end of the day throughout the Company by management personnel, including Branch Managers and staff, at computer terminals located in the main office and each branch office. These reports include delinquency reports, customer promisespromise reports, vehicle information reports, purchase reports, dealer analysis reports, static pool reports, and repossession reports.

A delinquency report is an aging report that provides basic information regarding each customer account and indicates accounts that are past due. The report includes information such as the account number, address of the customer, phone numbers of the customer, original term of the Contract, number of remaining payments, outstanding balance, due dates, date of last payment, number of days past due, scheduled payment amount, amount of last payment, total past due, and special payment arrangements or agreements.

Any Contract acquired byFor portion of the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company less than 180 days priorextended assistance to its customers experiencing hardship due to COVID-19 in the determination date is included onform of up two months’ worth of hardship deferments. These hardship deferments are processed in the delinquency report onsame manner as any other deferment, including the first day that the Contract is contractually past due. Contracts acquiredproper review and approval by the Company 180 or more days prior to the determination date are not included on the delinquency report until they are more than 10 days past due. Determinations with respect to repossession are based on many factors which include but are not limited to, delinquency status, payment history, number of months since Contract acquisition, current value of the collateral, customer’s employment status, communication with the customer, customer’s intent to pay, etc. If an account is 180 days delinquent and the related vehicle has not yet been repossessed, the account ischarged-off and transferred to the Loss Prevention and Recovery Department. Once a vehicle has been repossessed, the related loan balance no longer appears on the delinquency report. Instead, the vehicle appears on the Company’s repossession report and is generally sold at auction.management.

When an account becomes delinquent, the Company immediately contacts the customer to determine the reason for the delinquency and to determine if appropriate arrangements for payment can be made. If payment arrangements acceptable to the Company can be made, the information is entered in its database and is used to generate a customer promises report, which is utilized by the Company’s collection staff for account follow up.

6


The Company prepares a repossession report that provides information regarding repossessed vehicles and aids the Company in disposing of repossessed vehicles. In addition to information regarding the customer, this report provides information regarding the date of repossession, date the vehicle was sold, number of days it was held in inventory prior to sale, year, make and model of the vehicle, mileage, payoff amount on the Contract, NADA book value, Black Book value, suggested sale price, location of the vehicle, original dealer and condition of the vehicle, as well as notes other information that may be helpful to the Company.

If an account is 121 days delinquent and the related vehicle has not yet been repossessed, the account is charged-off and transferred to the Loss Prevention and Recovery Department. Once a vehicle has been repossessed, the related loan balance no longer appears on the delinquency report. Instead, the vehicle appears on the Company’s repossession report and is generally sold at auction.

The Company also prepares a dealer analysis report that provides information regarding each dealer from which it purchases Contracts. This report allows the Company to analyze the volume of business done with each dealer, and the terms on which it has purchased Contracts from such dealer, as well as the overall portfolio performance of Contracts purchased from the dealer.

The Company is subject to seasonal variations within the subprime marketplace. While the APR, discount, and term remain consistent across quarters, write offs and delinquencies tend to be lower while purchases tend to be higher in the fourth and first quarter of the fiscal year. The second and third quarter of the fiscal year tend to have higher write offs and delinquencies, and a lower level of purchases.

Marketing and Advertising

The Company’s Contract marketing efforts currently are directed primarily toward automobile dealers. The Company attempts to meet dealers’ needs by offering highly-responsive,highly responsive, cost-competitive, and service-oriented financing programs. The Company relies on its District and Branch Managers to solicit agreements for the purchase of Contracts with automobile dealers located within a60-mile radius of each branch office. The Branch Manager provides dealers with information regarding the Company and the general terms upon which the Company is willing to purchase Contracts. The Company uses web advertising, social media and print ads in dealer association publications for marketing purposes. The Company is evaluatinga member and assessing other formscorporate sponsor of advertising, such as radio or newspaper advertisements,the National Independent Auto Dealers Association, which also gives it access to state-level associations. Its representatives attend conferences and events for the purchase of Contracts.both state and national associations to market its products directly to dealers in attendance.

The Company solicits customers under its Direct Loan program primarily through direct mailings, followed by telephone calls to individuals who have a good credit history with the Company in connection with Contracts purchased by the Company.

It also relies on other forms of electronic messaging and in-store advertising.

5


Computerized Information System

The Company uses a third-party loan origination system and an internally developed loan servicing system to assist in responding to customer inquiries and to monitor the performance of its Contract and Direct Loan portfolio and the performance of individual customers under Contracts. All Company personnel are provided with real-time access to information. The Company has created specialized programs to automate the tracking of Contracts and Direct Loans from inception. The Company’s computer network encompasses both its corporate headquarters and its branch office locations. See “Monitoring and Enforcement of Contracts” above for a summary of the different reports prepared by the Company.

7


Competition

The consumer finance industry is highly fragmented and highly competitive. Due to various factors, including the existing low interest rate environment, the competitiveness of the industry continues to increase as new competitors continue to enter the market and certain existing competitors continue to expand their operations. There are numerous financial service companies that provide consumer credit in the markets served by the Company, including banks, credit unions, other consumer finance companies, and captive finance companies owned by automobile manufacturers and retailers. Increased competition for the purchase of Contracts enabledenables automobile dealers to shop for the best price, resultingwhich can result in an erosion in the dealer discounts from the initial principal amounts at which the Company wasis willing to purchase Contracts and higher advance rates. The Company’s average dealer discount on loans purchased forHowever, the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was 7.08% and 7.51%, respectively. Further, increased competition resulted in the purchase of lower credit quality Contracts. However, with the Company’s recent change in management, it has begun to place less emphasis on competition when pricing the dealer discount. The Company instead focuses on purchasing Contracts that are priced to reflect the inherent risk level of the contract,Contract, and intends to sacrificesacrifices loan volume, if necessary, to maintain that pricing discipline. Primarily as a result of this shift in focusFor the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s average dealer discount on Contracts purchased decreased to 7.5%, compared to 7.9% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s average dealer discount on loans purchased increased to 7.41%.2020. The following table below shows number and principal amount of Contracts purchased, average amount financed, average term, and average APR and discount for the periods presented:

Key Performance Indicators on Contracts Purchased

 

(Purchases in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

Number of

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year

 

 

Contracts

 

 

Principal Amount

 

 

Amount

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Average

 

/Quarter

 

 

Purchased

 

 

Purchased#

 

 

Financed*^

 

 

APR*

 

 

 

Discount%*

 

 

 

Term*

 

2021

 

 

 

7,307

 

 

$

74,025

 

 

$

10,135

 

 

 

23.4

 

%

 

 

7.5

 

%

 

 

46

 

4

 

 

 

2,429

 

 

 

24,637

 

 

 

10,143

 

 

 

23.2

 

%

 

7.5

 

%

 

 

46

 

 

3

 

 

 

1,483

 

 

 

15,285

 

 

 

10,307

 

 

 

23.4

 

%

 

 

7.5

 

%

 

 

46

 

 

2

 

 

 

1,709

 

 

 

17,307

 

 

 

10,127

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

6.8

 

%

 

 

46

 

 

1

 

 

 

1,686

 

 

 

16,796

 

 

 

9,962

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

8.0

 

%

 

 

46

 

2020

 

 

 

7,647

 

 

$

76,696

 

 

$

10,035

 

 

 

23.4

 

%

 

 

7.9

 

%

 

 

47

 

4

 

 

 

1,991

 

 

 

19,658

 

 

 

9,873

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

7.9

 

%

 

 

46

 

3

 

 

 

1,753

 

 

 

17,880

 

 

 

10,200

 

 

 

23.3

 

%

 

7.6

 

%

 

 

47

 

2

 

 

 

2,011

 

 

 

20,104

 

 

 

9,997

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

7.9

 

%

 

 

46

 

1

 

 

 

1,892

 

 

 

19,054

 

 

 

10,071

 

 

 

23.4

 

%

 

8.3

 

%

 

 

47

 

2019

 

 

 

7,684

 

 

$

77,499

 

 

$

10,086

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

8.2

 

%

 

 

47

 

4

 

 

 

2,151

 

 

 

21,233

 

 

 

9,871

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

8.0

 

%

 

 

46

 

3

 

 

 

1,625

 

 

 

16,476

 

 

 

10,139

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

8.1

 

%

 

 

47

 

2

 

 

 

1,761

 

 

 

17,845

 

 

 

10,133

 

 

 

23.5

 

%

 

 

8.4

 

%

 

 

47

 

1

 

 

 

2,147

 

 

 

21,945

 

 

 

10,221

 

 

 

23.7

 

%

 

 

8.3

 

%

 

 

48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key Performance Indicators on Direct Loans Originated

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Originations in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year

 

 

Contracts

 

 

Principal Amount

 

 

Amount

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

 

 

/Quarter

 

 

Originated

 

 

Originated#

 

 

Financed*^

 

 

APR*

 

 

 

Term*

 

 

 

 

 

 

2021

 

 

 

3,497

 

 

$

14,148

 

 

$

4,131

 

 

 

29.6

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

753

 

 

 

3,284

 

 

 

4,362

 

 

 

29.6

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

1,265

 

 

 

4,605

 

 

 

3,641

 

 

 

30.9

 

%

 

 

22

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

924

 

 

 

3,832

 

 

 

4,147

 

 

 

29.2

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

555

 

 

 

2,427

 

 

 

4,373

 

 

28.7

 

%

 

 

26

 

 

 

 

 

 

2020

 

 

 

3,142

 

 

$

12,638

 

 

$

4,017

 

 

28.2

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

720

 

 

 

3,104

 

 

 

4,310

 

 

28.6

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

1,137

 

 

 

4,490

 

 

 

3,949

 

 

28.4

 

%

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

739

 

 

 

2,988

 

 

 

4,043

 

 

27.4

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

546

 

 

 

2,056

 

 

 

3,765

 

 

28.2

 

%

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

 

1,918

 

 

$

7,741

 

 

$

4,036

 

 

26.4

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

236

 

 

 

1,240

 

 

 

4,654

 

 

27.3

 

%

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

738

 

 

 

2,999

 

 

 

4,063

 

 

25.9

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

495

 

 

 

1,805

 

 

 

3,646

 

 

26.5

 

%

 

 

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

449

 

 

 

1,697

 

 

 

3,779

 

 

25.7

 

%

 

 

28

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Each average included in the tables is calculated as a simple average.

 

8

Fiscal Year /Quarter

  Number of
Contracts
purchased
   Principal
Amount
purchased
   Average
Financed
   Average
APR
  Average
Discount%
  Average
Term
 

2018

   9,767    109,575,099    11,219    22.4  7.4  54 

4

   2,814    29,253,725    10,396    23.3  7.9  50 

3

   2,365    27,378,449    11,577    21.7  6.9  54 

2

   2,239    25,782,056    11,515    22.0  7.3  55 

1

   2,349    27,160,869    11,563    22.3  7.6  55 

2017

   14,619    170,941,206    11,693    22.2  7.1  57 

4

   3,677    42,629,274    11,593    22.3  7.3  56 

3

   3,846    45,941,459    11,945    22.0  6.9  57 

2

   3,592    41,540,401    11,565    22.3  7.0  57 

1

   3,504    40,830,072    11,609    22.4  7.2  57 

The Company’s target market consists of persons who are generally unable to obtain traditional used car financing because of their credit history or the vehicle’s mileage or age. Historically, the Company was able to expand its automobile finance business in thenon-prime credit market by offering to purchase Contracts on terms that are competitive with those of other companies. Over the course of fiscal 2016, 2017 and most of fiscal 2018, the Company attempted to expand its product mix to include larger loans with lower APRs and reduced discounts. With the recent change in management, the Company rededicated itself to its core product of financing primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower and refocused on pricing integrity on those Contracts acquired. The Company is committed to the branch-based model and believes that model allows it maintain pricing integrity through solid dealer relationships and a knowledge of the local market.


^Average amount financed is calculated as a single loan amount.

#Bulk portfolio purchase excluded for period-over-period comparability.

The Company’s ability to compete effectively with other companies offering similar financing arrangements depends in part upon the Company maintaining close business relationships with dealers of used and new vehicles. No single dealer out of the approximately 1,40010,000 dealers with which the Company currently has active Contractualcontractual relationships represents a significant amount of the Company’s business volume for any of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 20172021 or 2016.

2020.

6


Regulation

The Company’s financing operations are subject to regulation, supervision and licensing under many federal, state and local statutes, regulations and ordinances. Additionally, the procedures that the Company must follow regarding the repossession of vehicles securing Contracts are regulated by each of the states in which the Company does business. To date, the Company’s operations have been conducted exclusively in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin. Accordingly, the laws of such states, as well as applicable federal law, govern the Company’s operations. The following constitute certain of the existing federal, state and local statutes, regulations and ordinances with which the Company must comply:

 

State consumer regulatory agency requirements. Pursuant to state regulations,on-site audits or off-site examinations can be conducted for eachany of the Company’s branches located within Alabama, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri and Texas tolocations listed below. Examinations monitor compliance with applicable regulations. These regulations include, but are not limited to: licensure requirements; requirements for maintenance of proper records; payment of required fees; maximum interest rates that may be charged on loans to finance used vehicles; and proper disclosure to customers regarding financing terms. Pursuant to Florida and North Carolina law, the Company’s Direct Loan activities in each state are subject to similar periodicon-site audits by the Florida Financial Services Commission and the North Carolina Office of the Commissioner of Banks, respectively. If the Company expands its Direct Loan operations to other states, it expects to become subject to similaron-site audits in such states.

 

State licensing requirements. The Company files a notification or obtains a license to acquire Contracts within the following states: Alabama; Florida; Illinois; Indiana; Kansas; Maryland; Michigan; Missouri; Pennsylvania; South Carolina; Texas; and, Wisconsin. In regard to its Direct Loan activities in Florida and North Carolina, the Company maintains separate Consumer Finance Licenses with the Florida Department of Banking and Finance and the North Carolina Office of the Commissioner of Banks.each state in which it acquires Contracts. Furthermore, some states require dealers to maintain a Retail Installment Seller’s License, and where applicable, the Company only conducts business with dealers who hold such a license. For Direct Loan activities, the Company obtains licenses, where required, from each state in which it offers consumer loans.

 

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”) and applicable state law counterparts prohibit the Company from contacting customers during certain times and at certain places, from using certain threatening practices and from making false implications when attempting to collect a debt.

 

Truth in Lending Act. The Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”) requires the Company and the dealers it does business with to make certain disclosures to customers, including the terms of repayment, the total finance charge and the annual percentage rate charged on each Contract or Direct Loan.

 

Equal Credit Opportunity Act. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) prohibits creditors from discriminating against loan applicants on the basis of race, color, sex, age or marital status. Pursuant to Regulation B promulgated under the ECOA, creditors are required to make certain disclosures regarding consumer rights and advise consumers whose credit applications are not approved of the reasons for the rejection.

 

Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act. The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (“ESIGN”) requires the Company to provide consumers with clear and conspicuous disclosures before the consumer gives consent to authorize the use of electronic signatures, electronic contracts, and electronic records.

 

Fair Credit Reporting Act. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) requires the Company to provide certain information to consumers whose credit applications are not approved on the basis of a report obtained from a consumer reporting agency, as well as, ensure the accuracy and integrity of consumer information reported to credit reporting agencies.

 

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”) requires the Company to maintain privacy with respect to certain consumer data in its possession and to periodically communicate with consumers on privacy matters.

9


 

Servicemembers Civil Relief Act. The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”) requires the Company to reduce the interest rate charged on each loan to customers who have subsequently joined, enlisted, been inducted or called to active military duty and places limitations on collection and repossession activity.

 

Military Lending Act. The Military Lending Act (“MLA”) requires the Company to limit the military annual percentage rate (“MAPR”) that the Company may charge to a maximum of 36 percent, requires certain disclosures to military consumers, and provides other substantive consumer protections on credit extended to Servicemembers and their families.

 

Electronic Funds Transfer Act. The Electronic Funds Transfer Act (“EFTA”) prohibits the Company from requiring its customers to repay a loan or other credit by electronic funds transfer (“EFT”), except in limited situations which do not apply to the Company. The Company is also required to provide certain documentation to its customers when an EFT is initiated and to provide certain notifications to its customers with regard to preauthorized payments.

7


Telephone Consumer Protection Act. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) governs the Company’s practice of contacting customers by certain means i.e. auto dealers,pre-recorded or artificial voice calls on customers’ land lines, fax machines and cell phones, including text messages.

 

Bankruptcy. Federal bankruptcy and related state laws may interfere with or affect the Company’s ability to recover collateral or enforce a deficiency judgment.

 

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd-Frank Act”).Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which, effective as of July 21, 2011, has the authority to issue and enforce regulations under the federal “enumerated consumer laws,” including (subject to certain statutory limitations) FDCPA, TILA, ECOA, FCRA, GLBA and EFTA. The CFPB has rulemaking and enforcement authority over certainnon-depository institutions, including us. The CFPB is specifically authorized, among other things, to take actions to prevent companies providing consumer financial products or services and their service providers from engaging in unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with consumer financial products and services, and to issue rules requiring enhanced disclosures for consumer financial products or services. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB also may restrict the use ofpre-dispute mandatory arbitration clauses in contracts between covered persons and consumers for a consumer financial product or service. The CFPB also has authority to interpret, enforce, and issue regulations implementing enumerated consumer laws, including certain laws that apply to ourthe Company’s business. The CFPB issued rules regarding the supervision and examination ofnon-depository “larger participants” in the automobile finance business. Since we areAt this time, the Company is not deemed a larger participant, we are subject to supervision and examination by the CFPB.participant.

Failure to comply with these laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on usthe Company by, among other things, limiting the jurisdictions in which wethe Company may operate, restricting ourthe Company’s ability to realize the value of the collateral securing the Contracts, and making it more costly or burdensome to do business or resulting in potential liability. The volume of new or modified laws and regulations and the activity of agencies enforcing such law have increased in recent years in response to issues arising with respect to consumer lending. From time to time, legislation and regulations are enacted which increase the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among financial services providers. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of financial institutions and financial services providers are frequently made in the U.S. Congress, in the state legislatures and by various regulatory agencies. This legislation may change ourthe Company’s operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways and may have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business.

In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations promulgated thereunder, including the rules regarding supervision and examination issued by the CFPB, are likely to affect ourthe Company’s cost of doing business, may limit or expand ourthe Company’s permissible activities, may affect the competitive balance within ourthe Company’s industry and market areas and could have a material adverse effect on us. Ourthe Company. The Company’s management continues to assess the Dodd-Frank Act’s probable impact on ourthe Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and to monitor developments involving the entities charged with promulgating regulations thereunder. However, the ultimate effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on the financial services industry in general, and on usthe Company in particular, is uncertain at this time.

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In addition to the CFPB, other state and federal agencies have the ability to regulate aspects of ourthe Company’s business. For example, the Dodd-Frank Act provides a mechanism for state Attorneys General to investigate us.the Company. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission has jurisdiction to investigate aspects of ourthe Company’s business. We expectThe Company expects that regulatory investigation by both state and federal agencies will continue and that the results of these investigations could have a material adverse impact on us.the Company.

Dealers with which we dothe Company does business must also comply with credit and trade practice statutes and regulations. Failure of these dealers to comply with such statutes and regulations could result in customers having rights of rescission and other remedies that could have a material adverse effect on us.the Company.

The sale of vehicle service contracts and other ancillary products by dealers in connection with Contracts assigned to usthe Company from dealers is also subject to state laws and regulations. As we arethe Company is the holder of the Contracts that may, in part, finance these products, some of these state laws and regulations may apply to ourthe Company’s servicing and collection of the Contracts. Although these laws and regulations may not significantly affect ourthe Company’s business, there can be no assurance that insurance or other regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which these products are offered by dealers will not seek to regulate or restrict the operation of ourthe Company’s business in these jurisdictions. Any regulation or restriction of ourthe Company’s business in these jurisdictions could materially adversely affect the income received from these products.

The Company’s management believes that the Company maintains all requisite licenses and permits and is in material compliance with applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations. The Company periodically reviews its branch office practices in an effort to ensure such compliance. Although compliance with existing laws and regulations has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations to date, given the increasingly complex regulatory environment, the increasing costs of complying with such laws and regulations, and the increasing risk of penalties, fines or other liabilities associated therewith, no assurances can be given that we arethe Company is in material compliance with all of such laws or regulations or that the costs of such compliance, or the failure to be in such compliance, will not have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

For more information, please refer to the risk factors titled “On October 5, 2017, the CFPB released the final rule Payday, Vehicle Title and Certain High-Cost Installment Loans under the Dodd Frank Act, which as adopted could potentially have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance”, “The CFPB has broad authority to pursue administrative proceedings and litigation for violations of federal consumer financing laws” and “Pursuant to the authority granted to it under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB adopted rules that subject larger nonbank automobile finance companies to supervision and examination by the CFPB. Any such examination by the CFPB likely would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance”, which are incorporated herein by reference.

8


Employees

The Company’s management and various support functions are centralized at the Company’s corporate headquarters in Clearwater, Florida. As of March 31, 2018,2021, the Company employed a total of 299261 persons, of which 5543 persons were employed at the Company’s corporate headquarters. None of the Company’s employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company considers its relations with its employees generally to be good.

We are also committed to fostering, cultivating, and preserving a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DE&I”). We believe that the collective sum of the individual differences, life experiences, knowledge, inventiveness, self-expression, unique capabilities, and talent that our employees invest in their work represent a significant part of our culture, reputation, and achievement. We believe that an emphasis on DE&I drives value for our employees, customers, and stockholders, and that our DE&I commitment enables us to better serve our communities.

In fiscal year 2021, we also focused on and invested in maintaining the health and safety of our employees in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We implemented enhanced safety measures in all of our branches, covered the cost of virtual health visits for our employees, and offered paid leave for those exposed to the COVID-19 virus.

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We also offer our employees a variety of training and development opportunities. New employees complete a comprehensive training curriculum that focuses on the company- and position-specific competencies needed to be successful. The training includes a blended approach utilizing eLearning modules, hands-on exercises, webinars, and assessments. Training content is focused on our operating policies and procedures, as well as several key compliance areas.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following factors, as well as other factors not set forth below, may adversely affect the business, operations, financial condition or results of operations of the Company (sometimes referred to in this section as “we” “us” or “our”).

Risks Related to COVID-19

The extent to which COVID-19 and measures taken in response thereto impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will continue to depend on factors outside of our control. COVID-19 has had and is likely to continue to have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition and heightens many of our known risks.

The outbreak of the global pandemic of COVID-19 and resultant economic effects of preventative measures taken

across the United States and worldwide have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, negatively

impacting consumer confidence, employment rates and other economic indicators that contribute to consumer

spending behavior and demand for credit. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will continue to depend on factors outside of our control, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak in light of different levels of vaccination across the globe and new variants of the virus, its severity, actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and whether the currently observable resumption of pre-pandemic economic and operating conditions in the United States can continue. While the magnitude of the ultimate impact from COVID-19 continues to be uncertain, we observed for a portion of the year ended March 31, 2021 declines in purchase volume that contributed to a decline in interest income. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

In addition, the spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including restricting employee

travel, developing social distancing plans for our employees and cancelling physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or as we determine is in the best interests of our employees, partners and customers. The outbreak has adversely impacted and may further adversely impact our workforce and operations and the operations of our partners, customers, suppliers and third-party vendors, throughout the time period during which the spread of COVID-19 continues and related restrictions remain in place, and even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided.

Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, our business may continue to experience materially adverse

impacts as a result of the virus’s economic impact, including the availability and cost of funding and any recession

that has occurred or may occur in the future. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the

effect COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the outbreak is highly uncertain and subject to change.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our success is dependent on our ability to forecast the performance of our Contracts and Direct Loans.

We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience high delinquency and loss rates in our portfolios. This has in the past reduced and may continue to reduce our profitability. In addition, our inability to accurately forecast and estimate the amount and timing of future collections could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity and results of operations.

Our consolidated net (loss) income for the fiscal yearsyear ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 20162021 was $(1.1)$8.4 million $5.4as compared to net income of $3.5 million and $12.4 million, respectively.for the year ended March 31, 2020. Our profitability depends, to a material extent, on the performance of

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contracts that we purchase. Historically, we have experienced higher delinquency rates than traditional financial institutions because substantially all of our Contracts and Direct Loans are tonon-prime borrowers, who are unable to obtain financing from traditional sources due primarily to their credit history. Contracts and Direct Loans made to these individuals generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default, and repossession, and higher losses than loans made to consumers with better credit.

Our underwriting standards and collection procedures may not offer adequate protection against the risk of default, especially in periods of economic uncertainty and wage stagnation such as have existed over much of the past few years. In the event of a default, the collateral value of the financed vehicle usually does not cover the outstanding Contract or Direct Loan balance and costs of recovery.

Our ability to accurately forecast performance and determine an appropriate provision and allowance for credit losses, is critical to our business and financial results. The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the portfolio, the composition of the portfolio, specific impaired Contracts and Direct Loans, and current economic conditions. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policy” in Item 7 of this Form10-K and Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” in Item 9A of this Form10-K, both of which areis incorporated herein by reference.

There can be no assurance that our performance forecasts will be accurate. In periods with changing economic conditions, such as is the case currently, accurately forecasting the performance of Contract and Direct Loans is more difficult. Our allowance for losses is an estimate, and if actual Contract and Direct Loan losses are materially greater than our allowance for losses, or more generally, if our forecasts are not accurate, our financial position, liquidity and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. For example, uncertainty surrounding the continuing economic impact of COVID-19 on our customers has made historical information on credit losses slightly less reliable in the current environment, and there can be no assurances that we have accurately estimated loan losses.

Other than limited representations and warranties made by dealers in favor of the Company, Contracts are purchased from the dealers without recourse, and we are therefore only able to look to the borrowers for repayment.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued the ASU2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other things, the amendments in this ASU require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. The ASU also requires additional disclosures related to estimates and judgments used to measure all expected credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted2020. Recently, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for all organizationsthis accounting standard, for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years,smaller reporting companies, the new effective date is beginning after December 15, 2018.2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and is collecting and analyzing data that will be needed to produce historical inputs into any models created as a result of adopting this ASU. At this time, we believethe Company believes the adoption of this ASU will have likely have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.and is expected to increase the overall allowance for credit losses.

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We operate in an increasingly competitive market.

Thenon-prime consumer-finance industry is highly competitive, and the competitiveness of the market continues to increase as new competitors continue to enter the market and certain existing competitors continue to expand their operations and become more aggressive in offering competitive terms. There are numerous financial service companies that provide consumer credit in the markets served by us, including banks, credit unions, other consumer finance companies and captive finance companies owned by automobile manufacturers and retailers. Many of these competitors have substantially greater financial resources than us. In addition, some of our competitors often provide financing on terms more favorable to automobile purchasers or dealers than we offer. Many of these competitors also have long-standing relationships with automobile dealerships and may offer dealerships, or their customers,

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other forms of financing including dealer floor-plan financing and leasing, which are not provided by us. Providers ofnon-prime consumer financing have traditionally competed primarily on the basis of:

interest rates charged;

the quality of credit accepted;

dealer discount;

amount paid to dealers relative to the wholesale book value;

the flexibility of Contract and Direct Loan terms offered; and

the quality of service provided.

Our ability to compete effectively with other companies offering similar financing arrangements depends in part on our ability to maintain close relationships with dealers of used and new vehicles. We may not be able to compete successfully in this market or against these competitors. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult for the Company to match or exceed pricing of its competitors, which has generally resulted in declining Contract acquisition rates during the 2016, 20172020 and 20182021 fiscal years.

We have focused on a segment of the market composed of consumers who typically do not meet the more stringent credit requirements of traditional consumer financing sources and whose needs, as a result, have not been addressed consistently by such financing sources. As new and existing providers of consumer financing have undertaken to penetrate our targeted market segment, we have experienced increasing pressure to reduce our interest rates, fees and dealer discounts in order to maintain our market share. The Company’s average dealer discount on Contracts purchased for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 20162020 was 7.41%, 7.08%,7.5% and 7.51%7.9%, respectively. The Company’s weighted average APR on Contracts purchased for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 20162020, was 22.35%, 22.22%,23.4% and 22.66%23.4%, respectively. These competitive factors continue to exist and may impact our ability to secure quality loans on our preferred terms in significant quantities.

In addition, the number of Contracts and Direct Loans under which customers decided to discontinue contractually required payments to us after they were approved by other lenders for new vehicle financing has recently increased. We are particularly vulnerable to the effects of these practices because of our focus on providing financing with respect to used vehicles.

Our business depends on our continued access to bank financing on acceptable terms.

Prior to March 2019, we financed our operations through traditional bank credit facilities and cash flows generated from operations. On March 29, 2019, we entered into a new senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). Our business is particularly dependent on our ability to access bank financingcapital through our existing Credit Facility, or undertake a future facility, or other debt or equity transactions on economically favorable terms or at competitive rates. We currently use a $200.0 million line of credit facility (the “Line of Credit”) with a consortium of lendersall, depends in large part on factors that are beyond our control, including:

Conditions in the securities and finance markets generally, and for securitized instruments in particular;

A negative bias toward our industry;

General economic conditions and the economic health of our earnings, cash flows and balance sheet;

Security or collateral requirements;

The credit quality and performance of our customer receivables;

Regulatory restrictions applicable to us;

Our overall business and industry prospects;

Our overall sales performance, profitability, cash flow, balance sheet quality, and regulatory restrictions;

Our ability to provide or obtain financial support for required credit enhancement;

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Our ability to adequately service our financial instruments;

Our ability to meet debt covenant requirements; and

Prevailing interest rates.

Our Credit Facility is subject to finance a large portion of our Contract purchasescertain defaults and Direct Loans. This Line ofnegative covenants.

The Credit has a maturity date of March 30, 2019. Our average indebtedness under the Line of Credit decreased to $189.4 million in fiscal 2018 from $211.0 million in fiscal 2017 and $208.2 million in fiscal 2016.

Pledged as collateral for the Line of Credit are substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Line of Credit requires compliance with certain financial ratios and covenants and satisfaction of specified financial tests, including maintenance of asset quality and performance tests. In the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company faced difficulties in complying with all of these requirements. Had the Company not entered into amendment 6 and amendment 7 to the credit agreement in effect at such time, the Company would not have been in compliance with the minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.5:1 as of June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, respectively. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to comply with all of the financial ratios, covenants and financial tests going forward. Failure to meet any financial ratios, covenants or financial tests could result in an eventFacility loan documents contain customary events of default underand negative covenants, including but not

limited to those governing indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes, investments, and sales of receivables. Such loan documents also restrict the LineCompany’s ability, without lenders’ consent, to modify its credit policies or make

changes to its form of Credit.Direct Loan contract or its form of dealer agreement. If an event of default occurs, ourthe lenders

could increase our borrowing costs, restrict our ability to obtain additional borrowingsadvances under the Line of Credit Facility,

accelerate all amounts outstanding under the Line of Credit orFacility, enforce their interest against collateral pledged under the Line of Credit.

Since the borrowings availableCredit Facility or enforce their rights under the Lineguarantees.

Our existing and future levels of Credit are calculated every month based on individual loan criteria as definedindebtedness could adversely affect our financial health, ability to obtain financing in the credit agreement, no assurancesfuture, ability to react to changes in our business and ability to fulfill our obligations under such indebtedness.

As of March 31, 2021, we had aggregate outstanding indebtedness, under our Credit Facility of $88.3 million compared to $126.8 million as of March 31, 2020. This level of indebtedness could:

Make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our outstanding notes and other indebtedness, resulting in possible defaults on and acceleration of such indebtedness;

Require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of such cash flows to fund working capital, acquisitions, new store openings, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;

Limit our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, acquisitions, new store openings, capital expenditures, debt service requirements and other general corporate purposes;

Limit our ability to refinance indebtedness or cause the associated costs of such refinancing to increase;

Increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions, including interest rate fluctuations (because a portion of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest); and

Place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors with proportionately less debt or comparable debt at more favorable interest rates which, as a result, may be better positioned to withstand economic downturns.

On May 27, 2020, the Company obtained a loan in the amount of $3,243,900 from a bank in connection with the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). Pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program, all or a portion of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if the Company uses the proceeds of the PPP Loan for its payroll costs and other expenses in accordance with the requirements of the Paycheck Protection Program. The Company used the proceeds of the PPP Loan for payroll costs and other covered expenses and sought full forgiveness of the PPP Loan, but there can be givenno assurance that the Company will maintain sufficient availability. Duringobtain any forgiveness of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017PPP Loan. The Company submitted the forgiveness application to Fifth Third Bank, the lender, on December 7, 2020 and submitted supplemental documentation on January 16, 2021. Currently the first nine monthsapplication is pending SBA decision. Therefore, per the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, P.L. 116-142, all loan payments are deferred while the Company awaits the SBA’s decision on loan forgiveness.  If the PPP Loan is not fully forgiven, the Company will remain liable for the full and punctual payment of the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Unless forgiven, the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest (accruing at the rate of 1.00% per annum) is due on May 22, 2022. The PPP Loan is unsecured. The PPP Loan may be prepaid at any time prior to

15


maturity with no prepayment penalties. The related promissory note contains events of default and other provisions customary for a loan of this type.

Any of the foregoing impacts of our level of indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on us.

An increase in market interest rates may reduce our profitability.

Our long-term profitability may be directly affected by the level of and fluctuations in interest rates. Sustained, significant increases in interest rates may adversely affect our liquidity and profitability by reducing the interest rate spread between the rate of interest we receive on our Contracts and interest rates that we pay under our Credit Facility. As interest rates increase, our gross interest rate spread on new originations will generally decline since the rates charged on the contracts originated or purchased from dealers generally are limited by statutory maximums, restricting our opportunity to pass on increased interest costs. We monitor the interest rate environment and, on occasion, enter into interest rate swap agreements relating to a portion of our outstanding debt. Such agreements effectively convert a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on our interest expense. However, the interest rate swap agreements in effect for most of the past five years matured during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the quality of the Company’s loan portfolio generally deteriorated, which resulted in an increasein non-performing loans, an increase in delinquencies (with a decrease limitedand we have not entered into new arrangements. We will continue to the quarter ended December 31, 2017)evaluate interest rate swap pricing and other factors, which in turn resulted in increased net charge-offs and an increasewe may or may not enter into interest rate swap agreements in the provision for credit losses. These conditions affected our borrowing capacity under the Line of Credit. In addition, the maximum amount that may be borrowed under our Line of Credit was recently reduced from $225 million to $200 million as of March 30, 2018.

future.

 

10We are subject to risks associated with litigation.


While management believes that it will be able to obtain renewals or extensions of the Line of Credit beyond its current maturity date, there are no assurances that the lenders will approve the renewal or extension, or, assuming they will approve it, that the renewal or extension will not be on terms less favorable than the current agreement. The Company may also determine to seek alternative financing, including but not limited through the issuance of equity or debt. We may not be able to raise additional funds on acceptable terms, or at all. IfAs a consumer finance company, we are unablesubject to secure sufficient capital to fund our operating activities, whether through use of the Line of Credit or through the issuance of equity or debt, we may be required to curtail portions of our strategic planvarious consumer claims and in certain circumstances, we may be forced to liquidate. Any equity financings may cause substantial dilution to our stockholderslitigation seeking damages and could involve the issuance of securities with rights senior to the common stock. Any allowed debt financings may require us to comply with onerous financial covenants and restrict our business operations. Our ability to complete additional financings is dependent on, among other things, the state of the capital markets at the time of any proposed offering, market reception of the Company and the likelihood of the success of our business model, and the offering terms, among other things.

The terms of our indebtedness impose significant restrictions on us.

Our existing outstanding indebtedness restricts our ability to,statutory penalties, based upon, among other things:

 

sell or transfer assets;

usury laws;

disclosure inaccuracies;

wrongful repossession;

violations of bankruptcy stay provisions;

certificate of title disputes;

fraud;

breach of contract; and

discriminatory treatment of credit applicants.

 

incur additional debt;

Some litigation against us could take the form of class action complaints by consumers. As the assignee of Contracts originated by dealers, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of actions can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but may include requests for compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages. We also are periodically subject to other kinds of litigation typically experienced by businesses such as ours, including employment disputes and breach of contract claims. No assurances can be given that we will not experience material financial losses in the future as a result of litigation or other legal proceedings.

 

repay other debt;

We depend upon our relationships with our dealers.

 

make certain investments or acquisitions;

repurchase or redeem capital stock;

engageOur business depends in mergers or consolidations; and

engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates.

In addition, our Line of Credit requires us to comply with certain financial ratios and covenants and to satisfy specified financial tests, including maintenance of asset quality and portfolio performance tests. The need to comply with such covenants and other provisions could impactlarge part upon our ability to pay dividendsestablish and maintain relationships with reputable dealers who originate the Contracts we purchase. Although we believe we have been successful in developing and maintaining such relationships, such relationships are not exclusive, and many of them are not longstanding. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in maintaining such relationships or increasing the number of dealers with whom we do business, or that our existing dealer base will continue to our shareholders,generate a volume of Contracts comparable to the extent we otherwise would bevolume of such Contracts historically generated by such dealers.

Our business is highly dependent upon general economic conditions.

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We are subject to changes in a position to do so. Moreover, our ability to continue to meet those financial ratios and tests could be affected by eventsgeneral economic conditions that are beyond our control. FailureDuring periods of economic uncertainty, such as has existed for much of the past few years, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, and losses generally increase, absent offsetting factors. These periods also may be accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, which weakens collateral coverage on our loans and increases the amount of a loss we would experience in the event of default. Because we focus on non-prime borrowers, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, and losses on these loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn. In addition, during an economic slowdown or recession, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in our servicing income. No assurances can be given that our underwriting criteria and collection methods to meet anymanage the higher risk inherent in loans made to non-prime borrowers will afford adequate protection against these risks. Any sustained period of these covenants,increased delinquencies, defaults, repossessions, or losses, or increased servicing costs could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial ratioscondition.

Furthermore, in a low interest-rate environment such as has existed in the United States in recent years, the level of competition increases in the non-prime consumer-finance industry as new competitors enter the market and many existing competitors expand their operations. Such increased competition, in turn, has exerted increased pressure on us to reduce our interest rates, fees, and dealer discount rates in order to maintain our market share. Any further reductions in our interest rates, fees or dealer discount rates could have a material adverse impact on our profitability or financial tests could result in an event of default under our Line of Credit. If an event of default occurs under this credit facility, our lenders may take one or more of the following actions:

increase our borrowing costs;

restrict our ability to obtain additional borrowings under the facility;

accelerate all amounts outstanding under the facility; or

enforce their interest against collateral pledged under the facility.

If our lender accelerates our debt payments, our assets may not be sufficient to fully repay the debt.

Potential events of default under our current line of credit facility, include, but are not limited to:

Any one person owning more than thirty percent (30%) of our voting stock without the prior written approval of the majority lenders of the credit facility;

Failure to maintain the appropriate Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 1.00:1 calculated as of the last day of each month for the three-month period then ended (defined as (a) the sum of (i) adjusted net earnings from operations for the applicable period (reduced by any increase in charge off shortfall and loss reserve shortfall), (ii) interest expense and (iii) any provision for income taxes for such period, divided by (b) aggregate interest expense for such period, as further set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as subsequently amended); or

Failure to maintain appropriate ratios as it pertains to the Accelerated Collateral Adjustment Percent (as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as subsequently amended).

We require a significant amount of cash to service our indebtedness and meet our other liquidity needs.

Our ability to make payments on or to refinance our indebtedness and to fund our operations and planned capital expenditures depends on our future operating performance. Our primary cash requirements include the funding of:

Contract purchases and Direct Loans;

interest payments under our line of credit facility and other indebtedness;

capital expenditures for technology and facilities;
condition.

 

11


ongoing operating expenses;

planned expansions by opening additional branch offices;The auction proceeds we receive from the sale of repossessed vehicles and

any required income tax payments.

Our high level of indebtedness could have important consequences for our business. For example,

we may be unable to satisfy our obligations under our outstanding indebtedness;

we may find it more difficult to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and general corporate needs;

we may have to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash resources to the payments on our outstanding indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations and future business opportunities; and

we may be more vulnerable to adverse general economic and industry conditions.

Our ability to make payments on, or to refinance, our indebtedness will depend on our future operating performance, including our ability to access additional debt and equity financing, which to a certain extent, is other recoveries are subject to

fluctuation due to economic financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control, including in light of the current volatility affecting the global economic system and uncertainty surrounding regulatory reforms. If new debt is added to our current levels, the risks described above could intensify.control.

If we failrepossess a vehicle securing a Contract, we typically have it transported to maintain an effective systemautomobile auction for sale. Auction proceeds from the sale of internal control overrepossessed vehicles and other recoveries are usually not sufficient to cover the outstanding balance of the Contract, and the resulting deficiency is charged off. In addition, there is, on average, approximately a 30-day lapse between the time we repossess a vehicle and the time it is sold. The proceeds we receive from such sales depend upon various factors, including the supply of, and demand for, used vehicles at the time of sale. Such supply and demand are dependent on many factors. For example, during periods of economic uncertainty, the demand for used cars may soften, resulting in decreased auction proceeds to us from the sale of repossessed automobiles. Furthermore, depressed wholesale prices for used automobiles may result from significant liquidations of rental or fleet inventories, and from increased volume of trade-ins due to promotional financing programs offered by new vehicle manufacturers. Newer, more expensive vehicles securing our larger dollar loans are more susceptible to wholesale pricing fluctuations than are older vehicles and also experience depreciation at a much greater rate. Until the Company’s portfolio has been successfully converted to primarily consisting of our target vehicle (primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower), the Company expects to be affected by softer auction activity and reduced vehicle values.

We partially rely on third parties to deliver services, and failure by those parties to provide these services or

meet contractual requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial reportingcondition and disclosure controls

results of operations.

We depend on third-party service providers for many aspects of our business operations, including loan origination, title processing, and procedures,online payments, which increases our operational complexity and decreases our control. We rely on these service providers to provide a high level of service and support, which subjects us to risks associated with inadequate or untimely service. If a service provider fails to provide the services that we require or expect, or fails to meet contractual requirements, such as service levels or compliance with applicable laws, a failure could negatively impact our business by adversely affecting our ability to process customers’ transactions in a timely and accurate manner, otherwise hampering our ability to service our customers, or subjecting us to litigation or regulatory risk for poor vendor oversight. We may be unable to replace or be delayed in replacing these sources and there is a risk that we would be unable to enter into a similar agreement with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner. Such a failure could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our growth depends upon our ability to retain and attract a sufficient number of qualified employees.

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To a large extent, our growth strategy depends on the opening of new offices that focus primarily on purchasing Contracts and making Direct Loans in markets we have not previously served. Future expansion of our branch office network depends, in part, upon our ability to attract and retain qualified and experienced office managers and the ability of such managers to develop relationships with dealers that serve those markets. We generally do not open a new office until we have located and hired a qualified and experienced individual to manage the office. Typically, this individual will be ablefamiliar with local market conditions and have existing relationships with dealers in the area to accuratelybe served. Although we believe that we can attract and timely report our financial results, whichretain qualified and experienced personnel as we proceed with planned expansion into new markets, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in doing so. Competition to hire personnel possessing the skills and experience required by us could leadcontribute to a loss of investor confidencean increase in our financial statementsemployee turnover rate. High turnover or an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on our stock price.origination, delinquency, default, and net loss rates and, ultimately, our business and financial condition.

Effective internal control over

Natural disasters, acts of war, terrorist attacks and threats, or the escalation of military activity in response to these attacks or otherwise may negatively affect our business, financial reportingcondition, and disclosure controlsresults of operations.

Natural disasters (such as hurricanes), acts of war, terrorist attacks and procedures are necessary for usthe escalation of military activity in response to provide reliablethese attacks or otherwise may have negative and accurate financial statements, to effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfullysignificant effects, such as a public company. As further described in Item 9A.Controls and Procedures, our management has concluded that, because of a material weakness, our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2018. The Company has and will continue to enhance its controls and expects to remediate the material weakness. However, we cannot be certain that these measures will be successful or that we will be able to prevent future significant deficiencies or material weaknesses. Inadequate internal control over financial reporting or inadequate disclosure controls and procedures could cause investors to lose confidencedisruptions in our reported financial information, which could hurtoperations, imposition of increased security measures, changes in applicable laws, market disruptions and job losses. Our headquarters are located in Clearwater, Florida and much of our reputation andrevenue is generated in Florida. Florida is particularly susceptible to hurricanes. These events may have a negativean adverse effect on the trading priceeconomy in general. Moreover, the potential for future terrorist attacks and the national and international responses to these threats could affect the business in ways that cannot be predicted. The effect of any of these events or threats could have a material adverse effect on our stockbusiness, financial condition and our accessresults of operations.

Risks Related to capital.Regulation

The Dodd-Frank Act authorizes

On October 5, 2017, the CFPB to adopt rules thatreleased the final rule Payday, Vehicle Title and Certain High-Cost Installment Loans under the Dodd Frank Act, which as adopted could potentially have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance.

Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act establishedIn 2017, the CFPB which became operational on July 21, 2011. Underadopted rules applicable to payday, title and certain high‑cost installment loans. The rules address the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB has regulatory, supervisoryunderwriting of covered short-term loans and enforcement powers over providers of consumer financial products, suchlonger-term balloon-payment loans, including payday and vehicle title loans, as well as related reporting and recordkeeping provisions. These provisions have become known as the Contracts“mandatory underwriting provisions” and Direct Loans that we offer, including explicit supervisory authority to examine and require registration of installment lenders such as ourselves. Included among the powers afforded to the CFPB is the authority to adoptinclude rules describing specified acts and practices as being “unfair,” “deceptive” or “abusive,” and hence unlawful. The CFPB has outlined several proposals under consideration for the purpose of requiring lenders to take stepsfollow to ensure determine whether or not consumers have the financial ability to repay the loans according to their loans. The proposals under consideration would require lenders to determine at the outset of each loan whetherterms. If this rule becomes effective it could have a consumer can afford to borrow from the lendermaterially adverse effect on our current business and would require that lenders comply with various restrictions designed to ensure that consumers can affordably repay their debt to the lender. To date, the proposals under consideration by the CFPBmake it less profitable. If this rule becomes effective it could have not been adopted. If adopted, the proposals outlined by the CFPB may require the Company toa materially adverse effect on our current business and make significant changes to its lending practices to develop compliant procedures.

Although the Dodd-Frank Act expressly provides that the CFPB has no authority to establish usury limits, some consumer advocacy groups have suggested that certain forms of alternative consumer finance products, such as installment loans, should be a regulatory priority and it is possible that at some time in the future the CFPB could propose and adopt rules making such lending or other products that we may offer materially less profitable or impractical. Further,profitable. Additionally, the CFPB may target specific features of loans by rulemaking that could cause us to cease offering certain products. Any such rules could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition. The CFPB could alsoproducts, or adopt rules imposing new and potentially burdensome requirements and limitations with respect to any of our current or future lines of business, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance. The CFPB could also implement rules that limit our ability to continue servicing our financial products and services.

In addition to the Dodd-Frank Act’s grant of regulatory powers to theThe CFPB the Dodd-Frank Act gives the CFPBhas broad authority to pursue administrative proceedings orand litigation for violations of federal consumer financialfinancing laws. In these proceedings,

The CFPB has the CFPB canauthority to obtain cease and desist orders (which can include orders for restitution or rescission of contracts, as well as other kinds of affirmative relief) and monetary penalties ranging from $5,000 per day for minor violations of federal consumer financial laws (including the CFPB’s own rules) to $25,000 per day for reckless violations and $1 million per day for knowing violations. If we are subject to such administrative proceedings, litigation, orders or monetary penalties in the future, this could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance. Also, where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act or CFPB regulations under Title X, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and state regulators to bring civil actions for the kind of cease and desist orders available to the CFPB (but not for civil penalties). If the CFPB or one or more state officials believe we have violated the foregoing laws, they could exercise their enforcement powers in

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ways that would have a material adverse effect on us. See “Item 1. Business – Regulation” for additional information.

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Pursuant to the authority granted to it under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB adopted rules that subject larger nonbank automobile finance companies such as us to supervision and examination by the CFPB. Any such examination by the CFPB likely would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial performance.

The CFPB defines a “larger participant” of automobile financing if it has at least 10,000 aggregate annual originations. The Company does not meet the threshold of at least 10,000 aggregate annual direct loan originations, and therefore would not fall under the CFPB’s supervisory authority. The CFPB issued rules regarding the supervision and examination ofnon-depository “larger participants” in the automobile finance business, including us. Since we are deemed a larger participant, we are subject to supervision and examination by the CFPB.business. The CFPB’s stated objectives of such examinations are: to assess the quality of a larger participant’s compliance management systems for preventing violations of federal consumer financial laws; to identify acts or practices that materially increase the risk of violations of federal consumer finance laws and associated harm to consumers; and to gather facts that help determine whether the larger participant engages in acts or practices that are likely to violate federal consumer financial laws in connection with its automobile finance business. Thus,At such time, as we become or the CFPB defines us as a larger participant, we will be subject to examination by the CFPB for, among other things, ECOA compliance; unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices (“UDAAP”) compliance; and the adequacy of our compliance management systems.

In February 2016, the CFPB published a list of nine policy priorities on which it intends to focus its resources over the next two years. These priorities include, among other things, initiation of the rulemaking process regarding debt collection practices that would apply to third-party collectors and first-party collectors and continued examination and investigation of, and potential rulemaking regarding, consumer credit reporting practices. The timing and impact of these anticipated rules on our business remain uncertain.

We have evaluatedcontinued to evaluate our existing compliance management systems and are in the process of updating, improving and/or replacing such systems. We expect this process to continue as the CFPB promulgates new and evolving rules and interpretations. Given the time and effort needed to establish, implement and maintain adequate compliance management systems and the resources and costs associated with being examined by the CFPB, such an examination wouldcould likely have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and profitability. Moreover, any such examination by the CFPB could result in the assessment of penalties, including fines, and other remedies which could, in turn, have a material effect on our business, financial condition, and profitability.

We are subject to many other laws and governmental regulations, and any material violations of or changes in these laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.

Our financing operations are subject to regulation, supervision, and licensing under various other federal, state and local statutes and ordinances. Additionally, the procedures that we must follow in connection with the repossession of vehicles securing Contracts are regulated by each of the states in which we do business. The various federal, state and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances applicable to our business govern, among other things:

licensing requirements;

requirements for maintenance of proper records;

payment of required fees to certain states;

maximum interest rates that may be charged on loans to finance used and new vehicles;

debt collection practices;

proper disclosure to customers regarding financing terms;

privacy regarding certain customer data;

interest rates on loans to customers;

late fees and insufficient fees charged;

telephone solicitation of Direct Loan customers; and

collection of debts from loan customers who have filed bankruptcy.

We believe that we maintain all material licenses and permits required for our current operations and are in substantial compliance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations. Our failure, or the failure by dealers who originate the contractsContracts we purchase, to maintain all requisite licenses and permits, and to comply with other

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regulatory requirements, could result in consumers having rights of rescission and other remedies that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Furthermore, any changes in applicable laws, rules and regulations, such as the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act and the creation of the CFPB, may make our compliance therewith more difficult or expensive or otherwise materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

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We have recently experienced substantial turnover in our senior management. The loss of our key executives could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our future growth and development is significantly dependent upon the skills and experience of our senior management team and our ability to retain that team.

On June 12, 2017, Ralph T. Finkenbrink informed us that he would be retiring as our President and Chief Executive Officer effective September 30, 2017. Mr. Finkenbrink had been employed by the Company for 29 years, including 25 years in senior executive positions. On December 11, 2017, the Company appointed Douglas Marohn as President and CEO. On February 1, 2018, Katie L. MacGillivary informed us that she would be resigning from her position as CFO and Vice President of Finance. Ms. MacGillivary was with the Company for 10 years. On February 20, 2018, we announced that Chad Steinorth would rejoin the Company as Vice President and interim CFO. Mr. Steinorth resigned from the position of interim CFO on June 20, 2018, when Kelly M. Malson assumed her role as CFO. In March 2018, our Controller position was likewise replaced. On April 27, 2018, the Company notified Kevin D. Bates that it would not be renewing his employment contract, which therefore expires in July 2018. Mr. Bates has been with the Company for 15 years, including 5 years as a senior executive.

We do not maintainkey-man life insurance policies on any of these executives. The loss of services of one or more of the executives could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In fact, the turnover of our CEO, CFO and Controller during the year ended March 31, 2018 contributed to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. SeeItem 9A. Controls and Procedures in this Annual Report, the text of which is incorporated herein by reference.

We are subject to risks associated with litigation.

As a consumer finance company, we are subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things:

usury laws;

disclosure inaccuracies;

wrongful repossession;

violations of bankruptcy stay provisions;

certificate of title disputes;

fraud;

breach of contract; and

discriminatory treatment of credit applicants.

Some litigation against us could take the form of class action complaints by consumers. As the assignee of contracts originated by dealers, we may also be named as aco-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of actions can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but may include requests for compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages. We also are periodically subject to other kinds of litigation typically experienced by businesses such as ours, including employment disputes and breach of contract claims. No assurances can be given that we will not experience material financial losses in the future as a result of litigation or other legal proceedings.

We depend upon our relationships with our dealers.

Our business depends in large part upon our abilityRisks Related to establishPrivacy and maintain relationships with reputable dealers who originate the Contracts we purchase. Although we believe we have been successful in developing and maintaining such relationships, such relationships are not exclusive, and many of them are not longstanding. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in maintaining such relationships or increasing the number of dealers with whom we do business, or that our existing dealer base will continue to generate a volume of Contracts comparable to the volume of such Contracts historically generated by such dealers.

Our success depends upon our ability to implement our business strategy.

Our financial position depends on management’s ability to execute our business strategy. Key factors involved in the execution of our business strategy include achievement of the desired contract purchase volume, the use of effective risk management techniques and collection methods, continued investment in technology to support operating efficiency, and continued access to significant funding and liquidity sources.

With the recent change in senior management, the Company’s business strategy has been redefined. This strategy includes remaining committed to the branch-based model, focusing on financing primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower, pricing based on risk (rate, yield, advance, etc.) and a commitment to the underwriting discipline required for optimal portfolio performance.

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Our failure or inability to execute any element of our business strategy could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Our business is highly dependent upon general economic conditions.

We are subject to changes in general economic conditions that are beyond our control. During periods of economic uncertainty, such as has existed for much of the past few years, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses generally increase, absent offsetting factors. These periods also may be accompanied by decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, which weakens collateral coverage on our loans and increases the amount of a loss we would experience in the event of default. Because we focus onnon-prime borrowers, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on these loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn. In addition, during an economic slowdown or recession, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in our servicing income. No assurances can be given that our underwriting criteria and collection methods to manage the higher risk inherent in loans made tonon-prime borrowers will afford adequate protection against these risks. Any sustained period of increased delinquencies, defaults, repossessions or losses or increased servicing costs could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Furthermore, in a low interest-rate environment such as has existed in the United States in recent years, the level of competition increases in thenon-prime consumer-finance industry as new competitors enter the market and many existing competitors expand their operations. Such increased competition, in turn, has exerted increased pressure on us to reduce our interest rates, fees and dealer discount rates in order to maintain our market share. Although the Company has recently shifted its focus on not reducing APR and discounts to secure new loan volume, it can provide no assurances that it will be successful in doing so. Any further reductions in our interest rates, fees or dealer discount rates could have a material adverse impact on our profitability or financial condition.

The auction proceeds we receive from the sale of repossessed vehicles and other recoveries are subject to fluctuation due to economic and other factors beyond our control.

If we repossess a vehicle securing a Contract, we typically have it transported to an automobile auction for sale. Auction proceeds from the sale of repossessed vehicles and other recoveries are usually not sufficient to cover the outstanding balance of the Contract, and the resulting deficiency is charged off. In addition, there is, on average, approximately a30-day lapse between the time we repossess a vehicle and the time it is sold. The proceeds we receive from such sales depend upon various factors, including the supply of, and demand for, used vehicles at the time of sale. Such supply and demand are dependent on many factors. For example, during periods of economic uncertainty, the demand for used cars may soften, resulting in decreased auction proceeds to us from the sale of repossessed automobiles. Furthermore, depressed wholesale prices for used automobiles may result from significant liquidations of rental or fleet inventories, and from increased volume oftrade-ins due to promotional financing programs offered by new vehicle manufacturers. Newer, more expensive vehicles securing our larger dollar loans are more susceptible to wholesale pricing fluctuations than are older vehicles and also experience depreciation at a much greater rate. Until the Company’s portfolio has been successfully converted to primarily consisting of our target vehicle (primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower), the Company expects to be affected by softer auction activity and reduced vehicle values.

An increase in market interest rates may reduce our profitability.

Our long-term profitability may be directly affected by the level of and fluctuations in interest rates. Sustained, significant increases in interest rates may adversely affect our liquidity and profitability by reducing the interest rate spread between the rate of interest we receive on our Contracts and interest rates that we pay under our Line of Credit. As interest rates increase, our gross interest rate spread on new originations will generally decline since the rates charged on the contracts originated or purchased from dealers generally are limited by statutory maximums, restricting our opportunity to pass on increased interest costs. We monitor the interest rate environment and, on occasion, enter into interest rate swap agreements relating to a portion of our outstanding debt. Such agreements effectively convert a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on our interest expense. However, the interest rate swap agreements in effect for most of the past five years matured during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and we have not entered into new arrangements. We will continue to evaluate interest rate swap pricing and we may or may not enter into interest rate swap agreements in the future.

We may experience problems with our integrated computer systems or be unable to keep pace with developments in technology.

We use various technologies in our business, including telecommunication, data processing, and integrated computer systems. Technology changes rapidly. Our ability to compete successfully with other financing companies may depend on our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively implement technological changes. Moreover, to keep pace with our competitors, we may be required to invest in technological changes that do not necessarily improve our profitability.

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We utilize our integrated computer systems to respond to customer inquiries and to monitor the performance of our Contract and Direct Loan portfolios and the performance of individual customers under our Contracts and Direct Loans. Problems with our systems’ operations could adversely impact our ability to monitor our portfolios or collect amounts due under our Contracts and Direct Loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.Cybersecurity

Failure to properly safeguard confidential customer information could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability, and damage our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our customers, on our computer networks, and share such data with third parties. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy.

Any failure, interruption, or breach in our cyber security, including through employee misconduct or any failure of ourback-up systems or failure to maintain adequate security surrounding customer information, could result in reputational harm, disruption in the management of our customer relationships, or the inability to originate, process and service our products. Further, any of these cyber security and operational risks could result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to lawsuits by customers for identity theft or other damages resulting from the misuse of their personal information and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. In addition, regulators may impose penalties or require remedial action if they identify weaknesses in our security systems, and we may be required to incur significant costs to increase our cyber security to address any vulnerabilities that may be discovered or to remediate the harm caused by any security breaches. As part of our business, we may share confidential customer information and proprietary information with clients, vendors, service providers, and business partners. The information systems of these third parties may be vulnerable to security breaches and we may not be able to ensure that these third parties have appropriate security controls in place to protect the information we share with them. If our confidential information is intercepted, stolen, misused, or mishandled while in possession of a third party, it could result in reputational harm to us, loss of customer business, and additional regulatory scrutiny, and it could expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication necessary to secure online transmission of confidential customer information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments may result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms that we use to protect sensitive customer data. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend capital and other resources to protect against, or alleviate problems caused by, security breaches or other cybersecurity incidents. Although we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents to dates, there can be no assurance that a cyber-attack, security breach or other cybersecurity incident will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations in the future. Our security measures are designed to protect against security breaches, but our failure to prevent security breaches could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability and damage our reputation.

We partially rely on third parties

Risks Related to deliver services, and failure by those parties to provide these services or meet contractual requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on third-party service providers for many aspects of our business operations, including loan origination, title processing and online payments, which increases our operational complexity and decreases our control. We rely on these service providers to provide a high level of service and support, which subjects us to risks associated with inadequate or untimely service. If a service provider fails to provide the services that we require or expect, or fails to meet contractual requirements, such as service levels or compliance with applicable laws, a failure could negatively impact our business by adversely affecting our ability to process customers’ transactions in a timely and accurate manner, otherwise hampering our ability to service our customers, or subjecting us to litigation or regulatory risk for poor vendor oversight. We may be unable to replace or be delayed in replacing these sources and there is a risk that we would be unable to enter into a similar agreement with an alternate provider on terms that we consider favorable or in a timely manner. Such a failure could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our growth depends upon our ability to retain and attract a sufficient number of qualified employees.

To a large extent, our growth strategy depends on the opening of new offices that focus primarily on purchasing Contracts and making Direct Loans in markets we have not previously served. Future expansion of our branch office network depends, in part, upon our ability to attract and retain qualified and experienced office managers and the ability of such managers to develop relationships with dealers that serve those markets. We generally do not open a new office until we have located and hired a qualified and experienced individual to manage the office. Typically, this individual will be familiar with local market conditions and have existing relationships with dealers in the area to be served. Although we believe that we can attract and retain qualified and experienced personnel as we proceed with planned expansion into new markets, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in doing so. Competition to hire personnel possessing the skills and experience required by us could contribute to an increase in our employee turnover rate. High turnover or an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on our origination, delinquency, default and net loss rates and, ultimately, our business and financial condition.Common Stock

Our stock is thinly traded, which may limit your ability to resell your shares.

The average daily trading volume of our common shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 was approximately 10,000 shares. Thus, our common7,500 shares, arewhich makes ours a thinly traded.traded stock. Thinly traded stock can be more volatilestocks pose several risks for investors because they have wider spreads and less displayed size than stock tradingother stocks that

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trade in higher volumes or an active publictrading market. Factors such as ourOther risks posed by thinly traded stocks include difficulty selling the stock, challenges attracting market makers to make markets in the stock, and difficulty with financings. Our financial results, the introduction of new products and services by us or our competitors, and various factors affecting the consumer-finance industry generally may also have a significant impact on the market price of our common shares. In recent years, the stock market has experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and market prices for the stocks of many companies, including ours, have experienced wide price fluctuations that have not necessarily been related to their operating performance. Therefore, our shareholders may not be ableThese risks could affect a shareholder’s ability to sell their shares at the volumes, prices, or times that they desire.

Natural disasters, acts

We currently do not have any analysts covering our stock which could negatively impact both the stock price and trading volume of war, terrorist attacksour stock.

The trading market for our common stock will likely be influenced by the research and threatsreports that industry or the escalation of military activity in response to these attacks or otherwisesecurities analysts may negatively affectpublish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. We do not currently have, and may never obtain, research coverage by financial conditionanalysts. If no or few analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our stock may not increase. Even if we do obtain analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluation of our stock, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline. Furthermore, if our operating results fail to meet analysts’ expectations our stock price would likely decline.

Some provisions of our Articles may deter third parties from acquiring us and resultsdiminish the value of operations.our common stock.

Natural disasters (such

Our Articles provide for, among other things:

division of our board of directors into three classes of directors serving staggered three-year terms;

our ability to issue additional shares of common stock and to issue preferred stock with terms that our board of directors may determine, in each case without stockholder approval (unless required by law); and

the absence of cumulative voting in the election of directors.

These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our Company that is in the best interest of our stockholders. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as hurricanes), actsdiscouraging future takeover attempts. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to nominate directors for election to our board of war, terrorist attacksdirectors and take other corporate actions.

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in SEC regulations, and the escalationreduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined under SEC regulations and we may take advantage of military activitycertain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies including, among other things, reduced financial disclosure requirements including being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information that they may deem important. We could remain a smaller reporting company indefinitely. As a smaller reporting company, investors may deem our stock less attractive and, as a result, there may be less active trading of our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.

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General Risk Factors

We have in response to these attacks or otherwise may have negative and significant effects, such as disruptionsthe past had material weaknesses in our operations, impositioninternal control over financial reporting. Failure to maintain an effective system of increased security measures, changesinternal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures could lead to a loss of investor confidence in applicable laws, market disruptionsour financial statements and job losses. These events may have an adverse effect on our stock price.

In fiscal 2021, we remediated each of the economytwo material weaknesses that were previously identified and were disclosed in general. Moreover,our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the potential forfiscal year ended March 31, 2020. See "Item 9A. Controls and Procedures—Remediation of Material Weaknesses."

However, we may in the future terrorist attacksdiscover areas of our internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that need improvement. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, regardless of how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the nationalcontrol system's objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and international responsesinstances of fraud will be detected.

If we are not able to these threatscomply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if we are unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If that were to happen, investors could affectlose confidence in our reported financial information, which could lead to a decline in the business in ways that cannotmarket price of our common stock and we could be predicted. The effectsubject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our common stock is listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.

Additionally, the existence of any material weakness could require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weakness and management may not be able to remediate any such material weakness in a timely manner. The existence of these events or threatsany material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect onalso result in errors in our business, financial conditionstatements that could require us to restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and resultscause the holders of operations.

Changesour common stock to lose confidence in U.S. federal, state and local tax law or interpretationsour reported financial information, all of existing tax lawwhich could increase our tax burden or otherwisematerially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.business and share price.

We are subjectmay experience problems with integrated computer systems or be unable to taxation at the federal, statekeep pace with developments in technology or conversion to new integrated computer systems.

We use various technologies in our business, including telecommunication, data processing, and local levelsintegrated computer systems. Technology changes rapidly. Our ability to compete successfully with other financing companies may depend on our ability to efficiently and cost-effectively implement technological changes. Moreover, to keep pace with our competitors, we may be required to invest in the United States. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”). Thetechnological changes included in the TCJA are broad and complex. The final transition impacts of the TCJA may differ from the estimates provided elsewhere in this Annual Report, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the TCJA, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the TCJA, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the TCJA, or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates. The estimated impact of the new law is based on management’s current knowledge and assumptions and recognized impacts could be materially different from current estimates.do not necessarily improve our profitability.

17


Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The Company leases its Corporate Headquarterscorporate headquarters and branch office facilities. The Company’s Headquarters,headquarters, located at 2454 McMullen Booth Road, Building C, in Clearwater, Florida, consist of approximately 15,000 square feet of office space leased at an annual rate of approximately $18.00$16.20 per square foot. The current lease relating to this space was entered into effective April 1, 2015 and expires on March 31, 2020.2023.

EachAs of March 31, 2021, each of the Company’s 6045 branch offices located in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,Utah, and VirginiaWisconsin consists of approximately 1,4001,700 square feet of office space.space (Idaho and Texas are expansion states with no local branch office). The Company acquires Contracts in Idaho and Texas through its virtual expansion office operations based in the Charlotte, North Carolina branch location. These offices are located in office parks, shopping centers, or strip malls and are occupied pursuant to leases with an initial term of one to five years at annual rates ranging from approximately $12.00$5.00 to $37.00$44.00 per square foot. The Company believes that these facilities and additional or alternate space available to it are adequate to meet its needs for the foreseeable future.

22


The Company currently is not a party to any pending legal proceedings other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business, none of which, if decided adversely to the Company, would, in the opinion of management, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

23


PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “NICK.”

The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of the Company’s common shares for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018

  High   Low 

First Quarter

  $11.15   $7.65 

Second Quarter

  $9.46   $8.25 

Third Quarter

  $9.44   $7.59 

Fourth Quarter

  $9.49   $8.51 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017

  High   Low 

First Quarter

  $11.03   $10.03 

Second Quarter

  $10.95   $10.01 

Third Quarter

  $12.50   $8.56 

Fourth Quarter

  $12.50   $10.01 

As of June 22, 2018,14, 2021, there were approximately 134116 holders of record of the Company’s common shares.

The Company has not declared and paid cash dividends on its common shares in the recent past and has no current plans to declare or pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of future dividends, if any, is reviewed periodically by the Company’s directors and management and will depend upon, among other things, existing conditions, including earnings, financial condition and capital requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business opportunities, tax considerations and other conditions and factors.

18


There are no Canadian foreign exchange controls or laws that would affect the remittance of dividends or other payments to the Company’snon-Canadian resident shareholders. There are no Canadian laws that restrict the export or import of capital, other than the Investment Canada Act (Canada), which requires the notification or review of certain investments bynon-Canadians to establish or acquire control of a Canadian business. The Company is not a Canadian business as defined under the Investment Canada Act because it has no place of business in Canada, has no individuals employed in Canada in connection with its business, and has no assets in Canada used in carrying on its business.

Canada and the United States of America are signatories to the Convention Between the United States of America and Canada With Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital (the “Tax Treaty”). The Tax Treaty contains provisions governing the tax treatment of interest, dividends, gains, and royalties paid to or received by a person residing in the United States. The Tax Treaty also contains provisions to prevent the occurrence of double taxation, essentially by permitting the taxpayer to claim a tax credit for taxes paid in the foreign jurisdiction.

Dividends

Earnings from U.S. subsidiaries are permanently invested in the U.S. The Company has not provided any Canadian income tax or U.S. withholding tax on unremitted earnings. If a dividend was paid to the Company from its U.S. subsidiaries’the current andor accumulated earnings and profits willof the U.S. subsidiary, the dividend would be subject to a U.S. withholding tax of 5%. The gross dividendsdividend (i.e., before payment of the withholding tax) mustwould generally be included in the Company’s netCompany's Canadian taxable income. However, under certain circumstances, the Company may be allowed to deduct the dividends in the calculation of its Canadian taxable income. If the Company has no other foreign (i.e.,non-Canadian)non-business income, no relief is available in that case to recover the withholding taxes previously paid.

A 15% Canadian withholding tax applies to dividends paid by the Company to a U.S. shareholder (including those that own less than 10% of the Company’s voting shares) that is an individual. The U.S. shareholder must include the gross amount of the dividends in the shareholder’s net income to be taxed at the regular rates. In general, a U.S. shareholder can obtain a foreign tax credit for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to the Canadian withholding tax on such dividends, but the amount of such credit is subject to a limitation that depends, in part, on the amount of the shareholder’s income and losses from other sources. A U.S. shareholder that is an individual also can elect to claim a deduction (rather than a foreign tax credit) for allnon-U.S. income taxes paid by the shareholder during the particular year. The benefit of any deduction for foreign taxes may be negatively impacted by the overall limitation on deducting income and other taxes. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of any Canadian withholding tax imposed on dividends from the Company.

24

19


Performance Graph

Set forth below is a graph comparing the cumulative total return on the Company’s common shares for the five-year period ended March 31, 2018, with that of an overall stock market (NASDAQ Composite) and the Company’s peer group index (Dow Jones US General Financial Index). The stock performance graph assumes that the value of the investment in each of the Company’s common shares, the NASDAQ Composite Index and the Dow Jones US General Financial Index was $100 on April 1, 2013 and that all dividends were reinvested.

The graph displayed below is presented in accordance with SEC requirements. Shareholders are cautioned against drawing any conclusions from the data contained therein, as past results are not necessarily indicative of future performance. This graph in no way reflects the Company’s forecast of future financial performance.

LOGO

   04/01/2013   03/31/2014   03/31/2015   03/31/2016   03/31/2017   03/31/2018 

Nicholas Financial, Inc.

  $100.00   $119.26   $106.22   $81.80   $80.59   $68.76 

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00    135.82    158.52    157.52    191.22    228.47 

Dow Jones US General Financial Index

   100.00    155.73    172.20    157.56    197.75    251.26 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

None.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

20


Item 6. Selected Financial Data and Use of Proceeds

The following tables present selected consolidated financial databelow sets forth the information with respect to purchase made by or on behalf of the Company asor any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) of andour shares of common stock during the Fiscal Year 2021:

 

 

Total Number of Shares Purchased

 

 

Weighted Average Price Paid per Share

 

 

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs

 

 

Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs

 

Period

 

(In thousands, except for average price paid per share)

 

January 1, 2021 to January 31, 2021

 

 

15

 

 

$

8.52

 

 

 

15

 

 

$

7,155

 

February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2021

 

 

2

 

 

 

9.00

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

7,137

 

March 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021

 

 

1

 

 

 

10.55

 

 

 

1

 

 

$

7,126

 

Total

 

 

18

 

 

$

8.71

 

 

 

18

 

 

 

 

 

In May 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) authorized a new stock repurchase program allowing for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015repurchase of up to $8.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or through other structures in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The authorization was effective immediately.

The timing and 2014.actual number of sharers will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements and other market and economic conditions. The selected consolidated financial data have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. You should readCompany’s stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

In August 2019, the selected consolidated financial data below in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and AnalysisCompany’s Board authorized additional repurchase of Financial Condition and Resultsup to $1.0 million of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto that are included elsewhere in this Report and, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 and as of March 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, that are included in our annual reports for such fiscal years. Quarterly results of operations are incorporated herein by reference toNote 12 – Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

   Fiscal Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except earnings per share numbers)
 
   2018  2017  2016   2015   2014 

Statement of Operations Data

        

Interest income on finance receivables

  $83,917  $90,466  $90,707   $86,790   $82,629 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest expense

   10,137   9,222   9,007    5,970    5,678 

Provision for credit losses

   37,450   37,177   26,278    20,371    14,979 

Salaries and employee benefits

   19,868   21,437   22,313    20,835    19,634 

Change in fair value of interest rate swaps

   17   (222  24    364    (688

Other expenses

   13,282   14,112   12,980    13,154    14,509 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   80,754   81,726   70,602    60,694    54,112 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income before income taxes

   3,163   8,740   20,105    26,096    28,517 

Income tax expense

   4,261   3,331   7,726    9,240    11,814 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $(1,098 $5,409  $12,379   $16,856   $16,703 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share – basic:

  $(.14 $.70  $1.60   $1.40   $1.38 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding

   7,719   7,664   7,622    12,013    12,096 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share – diluted:

  $(.14 $.69  $1.59   $1.38   $1.36 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding

   7,719   7,726   7,692    12,192    12,325 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   As of and for the Fiscal Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except number of branch locations)
 
   2018  2017  2016  2015  2014 

Balance Sheet Data

      

Total assets

  $284,162  $333,612  $325,309  $302,529  $283,430 

Finance receivables, net

   269,876   317,205   311,837   288,904   269,344 

Line of credit

   165,750   213,000   211,000   199,000   127,900 

Shareholders’ equity

   108,437   108,860   102,849   89,888   141,938 

Operating Data

      

Return on average assets

   (0.36%)   1.64  3.94  5.75  6.10

Return on average equity

   (1.01%)   5.11  12.85  14.54  12.42

Gross portfolio yield (1)

   25.60  26.04  27.10  28.00  28.44

Pre-tax yield (1)

   0.98  2.46  6.02  8.54  9.65

Total delinquencies over 30 days, excluding Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts

   10.33  9.92  5.50  4.11  4.00

Write-off to liquidation (1)

   13.92  11.81  9.10  8.13  7.17

Netcharge-off percentage (1)

   10.65  9.37  7.56  7.04  6.22

Automobile Finance Data & Direct Loan Origination

      

Contracts purchased/Direct Loans originated

  $117,217  $179,617  $196,853  $187,893  $179,031 

Average dealer discount on Contracts purchased

   7.41  7.08  7.51  8.08  8.44

Weighted average contractual rate on Contracts & Direct Loans purchased

   22.54  22.40  22.81  23.08  23.20

Number of branch locations

   60   65   67   66   65 

(1)See the definitions set forth in the notes to the Portfolio Summary table under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Overview.”
Company’s outstanding shares.

 

21Item 6. [Reserved]

25


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Nicholas Financial-Canada is a Canadian holding company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia in 1986. Nicholas Financial-Canada currently conducts its business activities exclusively through a wholly-owned indirect Florida subsidiary, Nicholas Financial. Nicholas Financial is a specialized consumer finance company engaged primarily in acquiring and servicing automobile finance installment contracts (“Contracts”) for purchases of used and new automobiles and light trucks. To a lesser extent, Nicholas Financial also originates direct consumer loans (“Direct Loans”) and sells consumer-finance related products. Nicholas Financial’s financing activities accounted for 100% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 20172021 and 2016, a2020. A second Florida subsidiary, Nicholas Data Services, Inc. (“NDS”), serves as an intermediate holding company for Nicholas Financial. In addition, NF Funding I, LLC (“NF Funding I”) is a wholly-owned, special purpose financing subsidiary of Nicholas Financial.

Nicholas Financial-Canada, Nicholas Financial, and NDS, NF Funding I are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”.

Introduction

The Company’s consolidated revenues decreased from $90.5$62.1 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20172020 to $83.9$56.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Consolidated revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 were $90.7 million.2021. The Company’s diluted earnings per share decreasedincreased from earnings of $0.69$0.45 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20172020 to a loss of $(0.14)$1.09 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Diluted earnings per share2021. The Company’s operating income increased from $2.2 million for the year ended March 31, 2020 to $10.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2021. The increase was a result of:

continuing focus on disciplined underwriting and risk-based pricing;

releasing $4.3 million of the qualitative reserve as a result of the decrease in net charge-off percentage;

expanding the local branch model into new states;

identifying additional ancillary products to enhance profitability; and

decreasing interest expense of $2.5 million for fiscal 2021due to a reduction in the outstanding balance and associated LIBOR.

The Company’s consolidated net income increased from $3.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016 were $1.59. The Company’s operating income before taxes2020 to $8.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 decreased to $3.2 million from $8.7 million and $20.1 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 2021.

26


The decrease from $8.7 million to $3.2 million was a result of decreased revenues due to a reduction in volume and the gross portfolio yield along with increased interest expense due to cost of debt and increased provision for credit losses. The Company’s consolidated net (loss) income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $(1.1) million, $5.4 million and $12.4 million, respectively.

The Company’s operating results have generally deteriorated as a result of several factors, including, but not limited to, loosened underwriting guidelines, more aggressive pricing on originations, the acquisition of Contracts that contained some degree of fraudulent information that at the time of Contract acquisition was not identified, and an increase in the number of Contracts and Direct Loans under which customers decided to discontinue payments to us after they were approved by other lenders for new vehicle financing.

In addition, aggressive competition had previously influenced the Company to purchase lower credit quality Contracts. Historically, the Company was able to expand its automobile finance business in thenon-prime credit market by offering to purchase Contracts on terms that were competitive with those of other companies. However, it became increasingly difficult for the Company to match or exceed pricing of its competitors, which resulted in declining Contract acquisition rates during the 2016, 2017 and 2018 fiscal years. The Company expects this trend of declining acquisition rates to continue in the foreseeable future; however, the driver behind this trend is now expected to be the Company’s intentional focus on pricing discipline.

22


In addition to affecting the volume of Contracts acquired in recent years, the level of competition exerted pressure on the Company’s yields associated with Contract acquisitions. While management expects that the Company’s renewed focus on pricing discipline will continue to put downward pressure on the volume of Contracts purchased to the extent that competitors continue to reduce their contract acquisition yields as part of their operating strategy, it also expects that the Company’s yields will improve. While it is difficult to predict the level of competition long-term, the Company believes that the current highly competitive environment will prevail for the foreseeable future. The weighted average APR of the portfolio for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 2016 were 22.35%, 22.44%,2020 was 27.23% and 22.73%27.41%, respectively. ThePrimarily as a result of the Company’s decision not to sacrifice pricing for volume, the average dealer discount as a percent of gross finance receivables associated with new volume for recent fiscal years has generally increased. Nevertheless, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 2016 were 7.41%, 7.08%, and 7.51%, respectively.2020, the average dealer discount decreased from 7.9% to 7.5% primarily as a result of market conditions in the 2021 fiscal year. The decrease in APR and discount (and therefore overall yield) on new purchases was consistent in fiscal 2018 as compared with2021 and fiscal 20172020, which was primarily driven by purchases in the first three quarters offset slightly by purchases in the fourth quarterCompany’s continuing commitment to its core principles of fiscal 2018.disciplined underwriting and risk-based pricing.

 

Portfolio Summary

  Fiscal Year ended March 31,
(In thousands)
 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

(In thousands)

 

  2018 2017 2016 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Average finance receivables, net of unearned interest (1)

  $327,832  $347,367  $334,754 
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Average finance receivables (1)

 

$

199,102

 

 

$

226,541

 

Average indebtedness (2)

  $189,375  $210,987  $208,214 

 

$

107,615

 

 

$

132,552

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Interest and fee income on finance receivables

  $83,917  $90,466  $90,707 

 

 

54,211

 

 

 

62,095

 

Interest expense

  $10,137  $9,222  $9,007 

 

 

5,980

 

 

 

8,515

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net interest and fee income on finance receivables

  $73,780  $81,244  $81,700 

 

$

48,231

 

 

$

53,580

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Gross portfolio yield (3)

   25.60 26.04 27.10

 

 

27.23

%

 

 

27.41

%

Interest expense as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest

   3.09 2.65 2.69

Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest

   11.42 10.70 7.85
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Interest expense as a percentage of average finance

receivables

 

 

3.00

%

 

 

3.76

%

Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average

finance receivables

 

 

3.64

%

 

 

7.46

%

Net portfolio yield (3)

   11.09 12.69 16.56

 

 

20.59

%

 

 

16.19

%

Marketing, salaries, employee benefits, depreciation, and administrative expenses as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest

   10.11 10.23 10.54
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Pre-tax yield as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest (4)

   0.98 2.46 6.02
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Write-off to liquidation (5)

   13.92 11.81 9.10

Netcharge-off percentage (6)

   10.65 9.37 7.56

Operating expenses as a percentage of average finance

receivables

 

 

15.99

%

 

 

15.20

%

Pre-tax yield as a percentage of average finance

receivables(4)

 

 

4.60

%

 

 

0.99

%

Net charge-off percentage (5)

 

 

6.16

%

 

 

10.01

%

Finance receivables

 

$

184,237

 

 

$

219,366

 

Allowance percentage (6)

 

 

3.34

%

 

 

5.09

%

Total reserves percentage (7)

 

 

7.49

%

 

 

9.18

%

 

(1)

Average finance receivables net of unearned interest, representsrepresent the average of gross finance receivables less unearned interest throughout the period.

(2)

Average indebtedness represents the average outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit.Credit Facility.

(3)

Gross portfolio yield represents interest and fee income on finance receivables as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest.receivables. Net portfolio yield represents (a) interest and fee income on finance receivables minus (b) interest expense minus (c) the provision for credit losses, as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest.receivables.

(4)

Pre-tax yield represents net portfolio yield minus administrativeoperating expenses, (marketing, salaries, employee benefits, depreciation, and administrative), as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest.receivables.

(5)

Write-off to liquidation percentage is defined as net charge-offs divided by liquidation. Liquidation is defined as beginning receivable balance plus current period purchases and originations minus ending receivable balance.
(6)

Netcharge-off percentage represents net charge-offs (charge-offs less recoveries) divided by average finance receivables, net of unearned interest, outstanding during the period.period, annualized for 12 months.

(6)

Allowance percentage represents the allowance for credit losses divided by finance receivables outstanding as of ending balance sheet date.

(7)

Total reserves percentage represents the allowance for credit losses, unearned purchase price discount, and unearned dealer discounts divided by finance receivables outstanding as of ending balance sheet date.

COVID-19

The expansion of unemployment benefits by the CARES Act, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021 and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to eligible individuals collectively had a beneficial effect on the Company. While pandemic unemployment assistance has been extended through September 6, 2021, the beneficial impact these benefits have had on the Company will disappear once its customers no longer qualify for such benefits. The Company continued to experience strong cash collections and experienced positive trending on gross charge-off balances for the twelve months ended March 31, 2021.

27


In accordance with our policies and procedures, certain borrowers qualify for, and the Company offers, one-month principal payment deferrals on Contracts and Direct Loans. Due to COVID-19, the number of deferments increased to 3,114 in April 2020 from 724 in March 2020. For the year ended March 31, 2021 the Company has experienced an average monthly number of deferments of 696, which would represent approximately 2.6% of total Contracts and Direct Loans, as of March 31, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 the Company granted deferrals to approximately 31.2% and 13.8%, respectively, of total Contracts and Direct Loans. The number of deferrals is also influenced by portfolio performance, including but not limited to, inflation, credit quality of loans purchased, competition at the time of Contract acquisition, and general economic conditions.

From May through November 2020, the monthly level of one-month principal payment deferrals declined reaching 258 deferments in November.After a brief rise in deferments in December 2020 to 446, deferments declined over the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, averaging 237 per month with a low of 173 in March 2021. The Company believes the number of one-month principal payments deferrals is now largely consistent with pre-pandemic levels.

However, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic eventually impacts our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows will depend on numerous evolving factors that we are unable to accurately predict at this time. The length and scope of the restrictions imposed by various governments, success of vaccination efforts, and scope and duration of special government benefits to be unemployed, among other factors, will determine the ultimate severity of the COVID-19 impact on our business. It is likely that prolonged periods of difficult market conditions could have material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policy

The Company’s critical accounting policy relates to the allowance for credit losses. It is based on management’s opinion of an amount that is adequate to absorb losses incurred in the existing portfolio.

The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio which includes the competitive environment that existed when the loan was acquired, the composition of the portfolio, and current economic conditions. Such evaluation considers, among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, management’s estimate of probable credit losses and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an adequate credit loss allowance.

23


Because of the nature of the customers under the Company’s Contracts and its Direct Loan program, the Company considers the establishment of adequate reserves for credit losses to be imperative.

The Company segregates its Contracts into static poolsuses trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized and applies this calculated percentage to ending finance receivables to calculate estimated future probable credit losses for purposes of establishing reserves for losses. All Contracts purchased by a branch during a fiscal quarter comprise a static pool. The Company pools Contracts according to branch location because the branches purchase Contracts in different geographic markets. This method of pooling by branch and quarter allows the Company to evaluate the different markets where the branches operate. The pools also allow the Company to evaluate the different levels of customer income, stability and credit history, and the types of vehicles purchased, in each market. The Company analyzes each consolidated static pool at specific points in time. A consolidated static pool consists of all branches for the same fiscal quarter. In analyzing a static pool, the Company considers the performance of prior static pools originated by the same branch office, the competition at time of acquisition, and current market and economic conditions. Each static pool is analyzed monthly to determine if the loss reserves are adequate, and adjustments are made if they are determined to be necessary.

The Company has been maintaining historicalwrite-off information for over 10 years with respect to every consolidated static pool, segregating each static pool by liquidation and in effect creating snapshots of a pool’swrite-off-to liquidation ratio at five different points in such pool’s liquidation cycle. These snapshots help the Company in determining the appropriate provision for credit losses and subsequent allowance for credit losses.   The five snapshots are takenCompany then takes into consideration the composition of its portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts and adjusts the above, if necessary, to determine management’s total estimate of probable credit losses and its assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.  Management utilizes significant judgment in determining probable incurred losses and in identifying and evaluating qualitative factors. This approach aligns with the Company’s lending policies and underwriting standards.

In addition, the Company takes into consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and the liquidation levels are at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%.adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate, then an additional charge to the provision would be recorded to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio.

Contracts are purchased from many different dealers and are all purchased on an individualContract-by-Contract basis. Individual Contract pricing is determined by the automobile dealerships and is generally the lesser of the applicable state maximum interest rate, if any, or the maximum interest rate which the customer will accept. In most markets, competitive forces will drive down Contract rates from the maximum rate to a level where an individual competitor is willing to buy an individual Contract. The Company generally purchases Contracts on an individual basis. The Company does not anticipate any portfolio acquisitions in the near-term.

The Company utilizes the branch model, which allows for Contract purchasing to be done onat the branch level. The Company has detailed underwriting guidelines it utilizes to determine which Contracts to purchase. These guidelines

28


are specific and are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the Contracts that the Company purchases have common risk characteristics. The Company utilizes its District Managers to evaluate their respective branch locations for adherence to these underwriting guidelines, as well as approve underwriting exceptions. The Company also utilizes IA to assure adherence to its underwriting guidelines. Any Contract that does not meet ourthe Company’s underwriting guidelines can be submitted by a branch manager for approval from the Company’s District Managers or senior management.

As of March 31, 2016, the Company refined the allowance for loan losses by changing it to a loan by loan analysis, which more

closely depicts the amount of the provision expense needed to maintain an adequate reserve. As of March 31, 2017, the Company further refined the reserve for losses by increasing the allowance for loan losses by 50% of the principal balance, with respect to accounts whose contractual delinquency falls into the range of120-180 days past due. Currently, management evaluates each Contract on an independent basis each quarter and accounts for such Contract’s term, how far along the corresponding loan is in its liquidation cycle, late charges, the number of deferments, and delinquency.

Fiscal 20182021 Compared to Fiscal 20172020

Interest and Fee Income on Finance Receivables

Interest and fee income on finance receivables, predominantly finance charge income, decreased to $83.9$54.2 million in fiscal 20182021 as compared to $90.5$62.1 million in fiscal 2017.2020. The average finance receivables net of unearned interest, totaled $327.8$199.1 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018,2021, a decrease of 6%12.1% from $347.4$226.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.2020. Purchasing volume has continued to slowdecreased from fiscal 20172020 primarily as a result of a tighteningcontinuing conservative underwriting practices, even in the face of the Company’s credit underwriting standards and a reduction in auto sales year over year.    effects of Covid-19.

Competition also continued to affect the Company’s ability to acquire Contracts furthermore, our renewed strategic focus of financing primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower has also impacted our ability to acquire Contracts at desired yields. As demonstrated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the yieldThe average APR on new Contract purchases has increased comparedwas constant at 23.4% for the fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. Concurrently, the dealer discount on new Contract purchases decreased from 7.9% for fiscal year 2020 to 7.5% for fiscal year 2021, primarily as a result of competitive pressures. Overall, the Company maintains its strategy focused on risk-based pricing (rate, yield, advance, term, etc.) and a commitment to the third quarter of fiscal 2018 with average APR increasing from 21.7% to 23.3% and average discount increasing from 6.9% to 7.9%. Although the Company will continue to try and find ways to grow market share, it is focused on yield.underwriting discipline required for optimal portfolio performance.

The gross portfolio yield decreased to 25.60%27.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 as compared to 26.04% for the fiscal year ended March 31,2017. The gross portfolio yield decreased primarily due to the decrease in the average net receivables. The net portfolio yield decreased to 11.09%27.4% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 from 12.69%2020. The net portfolio yield increased to 20.6% for the fiscal year ended March 31,2017.31, 2021 from 16.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The net portfolio yield decreasedincreased primarily due to a decrease in the gross portfolio yield and an increase in the provision for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables, as described under “Analysis of Credit Losses”.

below. Additionally, the Company recorded lower interest expenses for the fiscal year 2021, which also increased net portfolio yield.

24


Marketing, Salaries and Employee Benefits, Depreciation, and AdministrativeOperating Expenses

Marketing, salaries and employee benefits, depreciation, and administrativeOperating expenses decreased approximately $2.3 million to $33.2$31.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 compared to $35.5$34.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily2020 as a result of decreases across expense accounts, including but not limited to, repossessions, collection expenses, professional/consulting fees, and other identified expenses. Administrative expense decreased by approximately $2.1 million, due to the Company having consolidated five branch locations during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. Marketing, salariesa decrease of $1.3 million in repossession and employee benefits, depreciation,recovery expenses, and administrative expenses as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest, decreased to 10.11% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 from 10.23% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.$0.8 million in rent charges, professional fees, and several other expense areas.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increaseddecreased to $10.1$6.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021, as compared to $9.2$8.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. While the2020, due to a decrease in average outstanding debt and interest rate. The average outstanding debt during the year ended March 31, 20182021 decreased to $190.0$107.6 million from $211.0$132.6 million during the year ended March 31, 2017, this decrease was partially offset by an increase in interest rates under the Company’s Line of Credit.2020. The following table summarizes the Company’s average cost of borrowed funds for the fiscal years ended March 31:

 

   2018  2017 

Variable interest under the line of credit facility

   2.76  0.70

Settlements under interest rate swap agreements

   -0.01  0.09

Credit spread under the line of credit facility

   4.35  3.58
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average cost of borrowed funds

   7.10  4.37
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Variable interest under the line of credit and credit

   facility

 

 

1.81

%

 

 

2.67

%

Credit spread under the line of credit and credit

   facility

 

 

3.75

%

 

 

3.75

%

Average cost of borrowed funds

 

 

5.56

%

 

 

6.42

%

LIBOR rates have increased (1.88% as of March 31, 2018 compared to .98% as of March 31, 2017) which caused a decrease in expense related to our interest rate swap agreements. In addition, the Company entered into a temporary agreement on December 30, 2016 that increased the effective interest rate by 50 basis points through June 30, 2017. On November 8, 2017 the Company executed amendment 7 to this existing Line of Credit which extended the maturity date to March 31, 2018 and increased the pricing of the Line of Credit an additional 50 basis points to 400. On March 30, 2018 the Company executed amendment 8 to this Line of Credit which extended the maturity date to March 30, 2019. For further discussions regarding interest rates see“Note 5 – Line of Credit”.

29


Analysis of Credit Losses

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had approximately 1,375 active static pools. The average pool upon inception consisted of 37 Contracts with aggregate finance receivables, net of unearned interest, of approximately $422,000.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Contracts for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017 

Balance at beginning of year

  $16,885   $12,265 

Current year provision

   36,890    36,843 

Losses absorbed

   (36,183   (34,419

Recoveries

   1,841    2,196 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $19,433   $16,885 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses onand Direct Loans for the fiscal years ended March 31:

 

 

For the year ended March 31, 2021

 

  (In thousands) 

 

(In thousands)

 

  2018   2017 

 

Indirect

 

 

Direct

 

 

Total

 

Balance at beginning of year

  $773   $748 

 

$

10,433

 

 

$

729

 

 

$

11,162

 

Current year provision

   560    334 

Losses absorbed

   (536   (338

Provision for credit losses

 

 

7,250

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

7,250

 

Charge-offs

 

 

(17,141

)

 

 

(682

)

 

 

(17,823

)

Recoveries

   36    29 

 

 

5,459

 

 

 

106

 

 

 

5,565

 

  

 

   

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $833   $773 

 

$

6,001

 

 

$

153

 

 

$

6,154

 

  

 

   

 

 

 

 

For the year ended March 31, 2020

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

Indirect

 

 

Direct

 

 

Total

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

16,575

 

 

$

357

 

 

$

16,932

 

Provision for credit losses

 

 

16,096

 

 

 

805

 

 

 

16,901

 

Charge-offs

 

 

(29,174

)

 

 

(663

)

 

 

(29,837

)

Recoveries

 

 

6,936

 

 

 

230

 

 

 

7,166

 

Balance at end of year

 

$

10,433

 

 

$

729

 

 

$

11,162

 

 

25The Company uses a trailing six-month net charge-off percentage, annualized, to calculate the allowance for credit losses. Management believes that using the trailing six-month net charge-off percentage, annualized, will more quickly reflect changes in the portfolio as compared to a trailing twelve-month charge-off analysis.

In addition, the Company takes into consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate, then an additional charge to the provision is recorded to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. Conversely, the Company could identify abnormalities in the composition of the portfolio, which would indicate the calculation is overstated and management judgement may be required to determine the allowance of credit losses for both Contracts and Direct Loans. The Company’s allowance for credit losses also incorporates recent trends such as delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankruptcy. The Company believes that this approach reflects the current trends of incurred losses within the portfolio and better aligns the allowance for credit losses with the portfolio’s performance indicators.

Non-performing assets are defined as accounts that are contractually delinquent for 61 or more days past due or Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts. For these accounts, the accrual of interest income is suspended, and any previously accrued interest is reversed. Upon notification of a bankruptcy, an account is monitored for collection with other Chapter 13 accounts. In the event the debtors’ balance is reduced by the bankruptcy court, the Company will record a loss equal to the amount of principal balance reduction. The remaining balance will be reduced as payments are received by the bankruptcy court. In the event an account is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company will decide based on several factors, whether to begin repossession proceedings or allow the customer to begin making regularly scheduled payments.

The Company defines a Chapter 13 bankruptcy account as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). Beginning on March 31, 2018, the Company allocated a specific reserve using a look back method to calculate the estimated losses. Based on this look back, management calculated a specific reserve of approximately $68,000 and $0 for these accounts as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

30


The provision for credit losses increaseddecreased to $37.5$7.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 from $37.2$16.9 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 largely2020, due to netthe 12.1% decrease in the average finance receivables and enhanced performance of the portfolio. The Company’s allowance for credit losses also incorporates recent trends such as delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankruptcy. The Company believes that this approach reflects the current trends of incurred losses within the portfolio and better aligns the allowance for credit losses with the portfolio’s performance indicators.

Net charge-offs increasingdecreased to 10.65%6.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 from 9.37%10.0% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.

The Company’s losses as a percentage2020, primarily resulting from the Company‘s active management of liquidation (seethe portfolio. (See note 5 in the Portfolio Summary table in the“Introduction” “Introduction” above for the definition ofwrite-off to liquidation) increased to 13.92% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 as compared to 11.81% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017. This increase was the result of several factors, including, but not limited to, loosened underwriting guidelines, insufficient execution of our servicing model, the acquisition of Contracts that contained some degree of fraudulent information that at the time of Contract acquisition was not identified, and an increase in the number of Contracts and Direct Loans under which customers decided to discontinue payments to us after they were approved by other lenders for new vehicle financing.

In addition, aggressive competition had influenced the Company to purchase lower credit quality Contracts. The Company also experienced a decrease in auction prices relative to loan balances from fiscal year 2018 to fiscal year 2017. Decreased auction proceeds from repossessed vehicles increased the amount of write-offs which, in turn, increased thewrite-off to liquidation net charge-off percentage. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, auction proceeds from the sale of repossessed vehicles averaged approximately 35% and 37%, respectively, of the related principal balance.

Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs were approximately 5.09% and 6.40% for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company attributes a large portion of this decrease simply to the increase in charge-offs; historically, there is a six to twelve-month cooling off period prior to receiving any benefits from postcharge-off collection activity. During fiscal 2017 we were in a cycle in which credit was more easily available to our typical customer, which led many of our customers to be less disciplined about their credit record, including the payment schedule on their Contracts and Direct Loans. Periodically, the Company will aggregatecharge-off accounts it deems uncollectible and sell them to a third-party.)

The delinquency percentage for Contracts more than thirty days past due, excluding Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts, as of March 31, 20182021 was 8.07%5.7%, a decrease from 10.05%10.2% as of March 31, 2017.2020. The delinquency percentage for Direct Loans more than thirty days past due, excluding Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts, as of March 31, 20182021 was 4.88%3.2%, an increasea slight decrease from 3.89%3.6% as of March 31, 2017.2020. The decreasechanges in delinquency percentage for both Contracts and Direct Loans was driven primarily by the Company’s renewed focus on operationslocal branch-based servicing, improving servicing, and servicing.stricter underwriting policies.

The Company considers the following factors to assist in determining the appropriate loss reserve levels: competition; the number of bankruptcy filings; the results of internal branch audits; consumer sentiment; consumer spending; economic growth (i.e., changes in GDP); the condition of the housing sector; and other leading economic indicators. The Company continues to evaluate reserve levels on apool-by-pool basis during each reporting period. The longer-term outlook for portfolio performance will depend on overall economic conditions, the rational or irrational behavior of the Company’s competitors, and the Company’s ability to monitor, manage and implement its underwriting and collections philosophy in additional geographic areas as it strives to expand its operations.

In accordance with ourCompany policies and procedures, certain borrowers qualify for, and the Company offers,one-month principal payment deferrals on Contracts and Direct Loans. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 20182021 and March 31, 20172020 the Company granted deferrals to approximately 38.38%31.2% and 34.77%13.8%, respectively, of total Contracts and Direct Loans. The increase in the total number of deferrals forin fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the fiscal year ended 2018 is a result of portfolio weakness which was exacerbated by the effect of the Company’s unsuccessful attempt at centralizing collectionsa spike on April 30, 2020, as shown in the prior year. Thegraph below. However, the Company is reasonably certain that its delinquency rates would be higher without the increaseexperienced increased collections on finance receivables on gross charge-off balances in deferrals.April 2020 and May 2020. The number of deferrals is also influenced by portfolio performance, including but not limited to, inflation, credit quality of loans purchased, competition at the time of Contract acquisition, and general economic conditions.conditions. For further information on deferrals, please see the disclosure under “COVID-19” above.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes increasedCompany recorded a tax benefit of approximately $1.2 million during fiscal 2020 compared to a tax expenses of approximately $4.3$2.6 million induring fiscal 2018 from approximately $3.3 million in fiscal 2017.2021. The Company’s effective tax rate increased to 134.71% in fiscal 2018 from 38.11%2020 was (54.3)% compared to 23.7% in fiscal 2017 due to an additional expense taken by the Company caused by thewrite-off of certain deferred tax assets. These changes are a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which”) was enacted on December 22, 2017.2021. For further discussion regarding income taxes see“Note 87 – Income Taxes”.

31

26


Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016

Interest and Fee Income on Finance Receivables

Interest income on finance receivables, predominantly finance charge income, decreased slightly to $90.5 million in fiscal 2017 as compared to $90.7 million in fiscal 2016. The average finance receivables, net of unearned interest, totaled $347.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 4% from $334.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. While our purchasing volume has slowed, mainly as a result of a highly competitive market place, our finance receivables continued growing in our more recently entered markets, including our three newer states (see “Item 1. Business—Contract Procurement”). Increases in our average term and average loan amount have contributed to the increase in finance receivables.

The gross portfolio yield decreased to 26.04% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 as compared to 27.10% for the fiscal year ended March 31,2016. The gross portfolio yield decreased primarily due to the decrease in the average dealer discount and in the average weighted APR, intensified by the increase in average finance receivables, net of unearned interest, particularly as a result of an increase inpast-due accounts. The net portfolio yield decreased to 12.69% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 from 16.56% for the fiscal year ended March 31,2016. The net portfolio yield decreased due to a decrease in the gross portfolio yield and an increase in the provision for credit losses, as described under “Analysis of Credit Losses”.

Marketing, Salaries and Employee Benefits, Depreciation, and Administrative Expenses

Marketing, salaries and employee benefits, depreciation, and administrative expenses remained relatively flat at $35.5 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 compared to $35.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The Company opened one new branch location during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, and consolidated three branch locations into branches previously established within their market. Marketing, salaries, employee benefits, depreciation, and administrative expenses as a percentage of average finance receivables, net of unearned interest, decreased to 10.23% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 from 10.54% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $9.2 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 as compared to $9.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. The average outstanding debt as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 was $211.0 million and $208.2 million, respectively. The following table summarizes the Company’s average cost of borrowed funds for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   2017  2016 

Variable interest under the line of credit facility

   0.70  0.37

Settlements under interest rate swap agreements

   0.09  0.16

Credit spread under the line of credit facility

   3.58  3.80
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average cost of borrowed funds

   4.37  4.33
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

LIBOR rates have increased (.98% as of March 31, 2017 compared to .44% as of March 31, 2016) which caused a decrease in expense related to our interest rate swap agreements. The increase in LIBOR rates has also caused the credit spread to decrease and the variable interest to increase but has no net effect on total cost because there is a 1.0% floor on the line of credit. In addition, the Company entered into a temporary agreement on December 30, 2016 that increased the effective interest rate by 50 basis points through June 30, 2017. For further discussions regarding interest rates see“Note 5 – Line of Credit”.

Analysis of Credit Losses

As of March 31, 2017, the Company had approximately 1,400 active static pools. The average pool upon inception consisted of 62 Contracts with aggregate finance receivables, net of unearned interest, of approximately $708,000.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Contracts for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2017   2016 

Balance at beginning of year

  $12,265   $11,325 

Current year provision

   36,843    25,926 

Losses absorbed

   (34,419   (27,963

Recoveries

   2,196    2,977 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $16,885   $12,265 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

27


The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Direct Loans for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2017   2016 

Balance at beginning of year

  $748   $703 

Current year provision

   334    352 

Losses absorbed

   (338   (328

Recoveries

   29    21 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $773   $748 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The provision for credit losses increased to $37.2 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 from $26.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, largely due to net charge-offs increasing to 9.37% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 from 7.56% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, the Company refined its allowance for credit loss model to incorporate recent trends that include the acquisition of longer term contracts and increased delinquencies by changing it to a loan by loan analysis, which more closely depicts the amount of the allowance for credit losses needed to maintain an adequate reserve. During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Company further refined the reserve for losses by increasing the allowance by 50% of the principal balance, with respect to accounts whose contractual delinquency falls into the range of120-180 days past due. The Company believes that these improvements better reflect the current trends of incurred losses within the portfolio and better align the allowance for credit losses with the portfolio’s performance indicators.

The Company’s losses as a percentage of liquidation (see note 5 in the Portfolio Summary table in the“Introduction” above for the definition ofwrite-off to liquidation) increased to 11.81% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 as compared to 9.10% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016. This increase was the result of several factors, including, but not limited to, lower auction proceeds, the acquisition of Contracts that contained some degree of fraudulent information, that at the time of Contract acquisition was not identified, and an increase in the number of Contracts and Direct Loans under which customers decided to discontinue payments to us after they were approved by other lenders for new vehicle financing.

In addition, aggressive competition had influenced the Company’s prior Management to purchase lower credit quality Contracts. The Company also experienced a decrease in auction prices from fiscal year 2017 to fiscal year 2016 relative to its loan balances. Decreased auction proceeds from repossessed vehicles increased the amount of write-offs which, in turn, increased thewrite-off to liquidation percentage. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, auction proceeds from the sale of repossessed vehicles averaged approximately 37% and 42%, respectively, of the related principal balance.

Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs were approximately 6.40% and 10.59% for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company attributes a large portion of this decrease simply to the increase in charge-offs; historically, there is a six to twelve-month cooling off period prior to receiving any benefits from postcharge-off collection activity. We currently remain in a cycle in which credit is more easily available credit to our typical customer, which leads many of our customers to be less disciplined about their credit record, including the payment schedule on their Contracts and Direct Loans. Periodically, the Company will aggregatecharge-off accounts it deems uncollectible and sell them to a third-party.

The Company considers the following factors to assist in determining the appropriate loss reserve levels: competition; the number of bankruptcy filings; the results of internal branch audits; consumer sentiment; consumer spending; economic growth (i.e., changes in GDP); the condition of the housing sector; and other leading economic indicators. The Company continues to evaluate reserve levels on apool-by-pool basis during each reporting period. The longer-term outlook for portfolio performance will depend on overall economic conditions, the rational or irrational behavior of the Company’s competitors, and the Company’s ability to monitor, manage and implement its underwriting and collections philosophy in additional geographic areas as it strives to continue its expansion.

In accordance with our policies and procedures, certain borrowers qualify for, and the Company offers,one-month principal payment deferrals on Contracts and Direct Loans. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016 the Company granted deferrals to approximately 34.77% and 22.65%, respectively, of total Contracts and Direct Loans. The increase in the number of deferrals for the fiscal year ended 2017 is a result of portfolio weakness which was exacerbated by the effect of the Company’s unsuccessful attempt at centralizing collections described above. The Company is reasonably certain that its delinquency rates would be higher without the increase in deferrals. The number of deferrals is influenced by portfolio performance, including but not limited to, inflation, credit quality of loans purchased, competition at the time of Contract acquisition, and general economic conditions.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased to approximately $3.3 million in fiscal 2017 from approximately $7.7 million in fiscal 2016. The Company’s effective tax rate decreased to 38.11% in fiscal 2017 from 38.43% in fiscal 2016.

28


Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s cash flows are summarized as follows:

 

   Fiscal Year ended March 31,
(In thousands)
 
   2018   2017   2016 

Cash provided by (used in):

      

Operations

  $23,681   $27,321   $22,408 

Investing activities – (primarily purchases of Contracts)

   23,297    (28,703   (34,991

Financing activities

   (47,207   2,388    11,044 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash

  $(229  $1,006   $(1,539
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company made certain reclassifications to the 2016 statement of cash flows. The amortization of deferred revenues decreased cash flows from operating activities by $1.7 million for 2016, and correspondingly increased cash flows from investing activities. Net income and shareholders’ equity was not changed.

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Cash provided by (used in):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating activities

 

$

14,623

 

 

$

10,485

 

Investing activities

 

 

29,861

 

 

 

(3,676

)

Financing activities

 

 

(36,191

)

 

 

(19,767

)

Net increase (decrease) in cash

 

$

8,293

 

 

$

(12,958

)

The Company’s primary use of working capital for the fiscal year ended March 31, 20182021 was funding the purchase of Contracts, which are financed substantially through cash from principal and interest payments received, and ourthe Company’s line of credit.

On March 29, 2019, NF Funding I, a special purpose financing subsidiary of Nicholas Financial, entered into a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) pursuant to a credit agreement with Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders that are party thereto (the “Credit Agreement”). The Company’s prior line of credit (the “Linewas paid off in connection with this Credit Facility. As of Credit”). On March 30, 2018,31, 2021, the total amount outstanding under the Credit Facility was $88.3 million. The Company decreased the total amount outstanding to $74.9 million on May 31, 2021.

Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the lenders agreed to extend to the Company executed amendment 8a line of credit of up to $175,000,000, which will be used to purchase Contracts from Nicholas Financial on a revolving basis pursuant to a related receivables purchase agreement between NF Funding I and Nicholas Financial (the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”). Under the corresponding credit agreement to extend the maturity dateterms of the LineReceivables Purchase Agreement, Nicholas Financial sells to NF Funding I the receivables under Contracts. Nicholas Financial continues to service the Contracts transferred to NF Funding I pursuant to a related servicing agreement (the “Servicing Agreement”).

The availability of Credit to March 30, 2019. The amendment also reduced the maximum amount availablefunds under the Line of Credit from $225.0 millionFacility is generally limited to $200.0 million and provided for monthly rather than quarterly calculations82.5% of the interest coverage ratio. The required minimum interest coverage ratiovalue of 1.0:1.0 was reduced to 0.7:1.0 for the periods ended April 30, 2018non-delinquent receivables, and May 31, 2018. Borrowingsoutstanding advances under the Line of Credit Facility will accrue interest at 400 basis points above 30 daya rate of LIBOR withplus a 1% floor on LIBOR.credit spread, which is currently 3.75%. The Line ofcommitment period for advances under the Credit Facility is secured by allthree years. At the end of the assets ofcommitment period, the Company.

Effective November 8, 2017, the Company had executed amendment 7 to the credit agreement which had increased the pricing of the Line of Credit to 400 basis points above 30 day LIBOR, while maintaining the 1% floor on LIBOR. Such amendment also waived the minimum interest coverage ratio requirement for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017 and reduced the minimum interest coverage ratio requirement to 0.25:1.0 for the period ending December 31, 2017.

On December 30, 2016, the Company had executed an amendment which increased the pricing of the Line of Credit to 350 basis points above 30 day LIBOR while maintaining the 1% floor on LIBOR. Prior to December 30, 2016, the pricing on the Line of Credit was 300 basis points above 30 day LIBOR withoutstanding balance would be paid off over a 1% floor on LIBOR.four-year amortization period.

The Company will continue to depend on the availability of the Line of Credit Facility, together with cash from operations, to finance future operations. The availability of funds underCredit Agreement and the Line of Credit generally depends on availability calculations as defined in the corresponding credit agreement. In addition, our Line of Credit requires us to comply with certain financial ratios and covenants and to satisfy specified financial tests, including maintenance of asset quality and portfolio performance tests. See“Risk Factors—The terms of our indebtedness impose significant restrictions on us.” Failure to meet any financial ratios, covenants or financial tests could result in an eventother loan documents contain customary events of default under our Lineand negative covenants, including but not limited to those governing indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes, investments, and sales of Credit.receivables. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business and Industry - Our Credit Facility is subject to certain defaults and negative covenants.” If an event of default occurs under the Line of Credit ourFacility, the Company’s lenders could increase ourthe Company’s borrowing costs, restrict ourthe Company’s ability to obtain additional borrowings under the facility, accelerate all amounts outstanding under the facility, or enforce their interest against collateral pledged under the facility.facility, or enforce their rights under guarantees. See also “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Variable Interest Entity” and “Note 13 – Variable Interest Entity”, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.

On May 27, 2020, the Company obtained a loan in the amount of $3,243,900 from a bank in connection with the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). Pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program, all or a portion of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if the Company uses the proceeds of the PPP Loan for its payroll costs and other expenses in accordance with the requirements of the Paycheck Protection Program. The Company believes that borrowings available underused the Lineproceeds of Credit as well as cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet its funding needsthe PPP Loan for at leastpayroll costs and other covered expenses and sought full forgiveness of the next twelve months. However, since the borrowings available under the Line of Credit are calculated every month based on individual loan criteria as defined in the credit agreement, no assurancesPPP Loan, but there can be givenno assurance that the Company will maintain sufficient availability in the long term. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and the first nine monthsobtain any forgiveness of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018,PPP Loan. The Company submitted the qualityforgiveness application to Fifth Third Bank, the lender, on December 7, 2020 and submitted supplemental documentation on January 16, 2021. Currently the application is

32


pending SBA decision. Therefore, per the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, P.L. 116-142, all loan payments are deferred while the Company awaits the SBA’s decision on loan forgiveness.  If the PPP Loan is not fully forgiven, the Company will remain liable for the full and punctual payment of the Company’s loan portfolio generally deteriorated, which resulted in an increasein non-performing loans, an increase in delinquencies (with a decrease limitedoutstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Unless forgiven, the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest (accruing at the rate of 1.00% per annum) is due on May 22, 2022. The PPP Loan is unsecured. The PPP Loan may be prepaid at any time prior to the quarter ended December 31, 2017)maturity with no prepayment penalties. The related promissory note contains events of default and other factors, which in turn resulted in increased net charge-offs and an increase in the provisionprovisions customary for credit losses. These conditions negatively affected our borrowing capacity under the Linea loan of Credit.this type.

Impact of Inflation

The Company is affected by inflation primarily through increased operating costs and expenses including increases in interest rates. Inflationary pressures on operating costs and expenses historically have been largely offset by the Company’s continued emphasis on stringent operating and cost controls, although no assurances can be given regarding the Company’s ability to offset the effects of inflation in the future.

29


Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the Company’s material obligations as of March 31, 2018.

   Payments Due by Period
(In thousands)
 
   Total   Less
than
1 year
   1 to 3
years
   3 to 5
years
   More than
5 years
 

Operating leases

  $3,502   $1,984   $1,463   $55   $—   

Line of credit1

   165,750    165,750    —      —      —   

Interest on line of credit1

   10,375    10,375    —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $179,627   $178,109   $1,463   $55   $—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company’s Line of Credit matures on March 30, 2019. On March 30, 2018, aone-year renewal was executed extending the maturity date to March 30, 2019 and reducing the Line of Credit from $225 million to $200 million. The pricing of the Line of Credit is 400 basis points above 30 day LIBOR, with a 1% floor on LIBOR. Interest on outstanding borrowings under the Line of Credit as of March 31, 2018, is based on an effective interest rate of 6.82% which includes the estimated effect of the interest rate swap agreements settlements and the temporary amendment through the maturity date. The effective interest rate used in the above table does not contemplate the possibility of entering into interest rate swap agreements in the future.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative DisclosuresDisclosure About Market Risk

Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates. The Company does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

Management’s objective is to minimize the cost of borrowing through an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate debt. Derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap agreements, may be used for the purpose of managing fluctuating interest rate exposures that exist from ongoing business operations. The Company does not use interest rate swap agreements for speculative purposes.

As of March 31, 2018, $165.8 million, or 100% of our total debt, was subject to floating interest rates. A hypothetical increase in the variable interest rates of 1% or 100 basis points (which would result in the variable rates being 2.88% as of March 31, 2018) applicable to this floating rate debt would result in an annualafter-tax increase of interest expense of approximately $1.2 million.

 

30Not applicable.

33


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The following financial statements are filed as part of this Report (see pages 33-52)Report:

 


34


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

31


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the StockholdersShareholders and the Board of Directors of Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”)Company) as of March 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the related consolidated statements of income, (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the periodthen ended, March 31, 2018, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, referred to as the “financial statements”)financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, and the results of theirits operations and theirits cash flows for each of the years in the three-year periodthen ended, March 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S.accounting principles generally accepted accounting principles.in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’sCompany's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’sCompany's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018.reporting. As part of our auditaudits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for credit losses

As described in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses was $6.2 million at March 31, 2021. The Company calculates the allowance using their trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized and adjusts for qualitative factors, as necessary, such as the composition of its portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts.  Management utilizes significant judgment in determining probable incurred losses and in identifying and evaluating qualitative factors.

We identified the allowance for credit losses, specifically the qualitative factors and the reasonableness of the trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized, as a critical audit matter as auditing management’s assumptions for the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses required a high degree of subjectivity, auditor judgment and increased extent of audit effort in evaluating these assumptions.

35


Our audit procedures related to the Company’s allowance for credit losses included the following procedures, among others:

a.

We tested the completeness and accuracy of data inputs utilized by the Company to calculate the historical trailing six-month net charge-off calculations.

/s/ Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP

b.

We recomputed the mathematical accuracy of the quantitative calculations used by the Company.

c.

We have served asevaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s auditor since 2003.

Atlanta, Georgia
June 27, 2018calculations of probable losses by comparing past historical estimates with actual loss experience in subsequent periods.

d.

We evaluated management’s delinquency and past-due calculations for finance receivables by re-performing the Company’s loan system calculations on a sample of finance receivables and performing analytical review procedures over the Company’s historical and current delinquency trends and historical losses.

e.

We evaluated key assumptions and qualitative factors identified by the Company by comparing to internal and external sources for the consumer finance industry.

 

32/s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.

Raleigh, North Carolina

June 22, 2021

36


Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

 

  March 31, 

 

March 31,

 

  2018 2017 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Assets

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash

  $2,626  $2,855 

 

$

22,022

 

 

$

16,802

 

Restricted cash

 

 

10,955

 

 

 

7,882

 

Finance receivables, net

   269,876  317,205 

 

 

170,318

 

 

 

199,781

 

Assets held for resale

   2,117  2,453 

Repossessed assets

 

 

685

 

 

 

1,340

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

 

3,392

 

 

 

2,598

 

Prepaid expenses and other assets

   906  674 

 

 

1,271

 

 

 

1,126

 

Income taxes receivable

   1,505  719 

 

 

653

 

 

 

4,898

 

Property and equipment, net

   843  1,184 

 

 

859

 

 

 

482

 

Interest rate swap agreements

   —    17 

Deferred income taxes

   6,289  8,505 

 

 

2,283

 

 

 

3,909

 

Total assets

 

$

212,438

 

 

$

238,818

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit facility, net of debt issuance costs

 

$

86,154

 

 

$

124,255

 

Note payable

 

 

3,244

 

 

 

-

 

Net long-term debt

 

 

89,398

 

 

 

124,255

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

3,367

 

 

 

2,652

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

 

4,451

 

 

 

4,332

 

Total liabilities

 

 

97,216

 

 

 

131,239

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock, no par: 5,000 shares authorized; NaN issued

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, no par: 50,000 shares authorized; 12,653 and 12,639

shares issued respectively; 7,708 and 7,806 shares outstanding,

respectively

 

 

35,064

 

 

 

34,867

 

Treasury stock: 4,945 and 4,833 common shares, at cost, respectively

 

 

(72,343

)

 

 

(71,438

)

Retained earnings

 

 

152,501

 

 

 

144,150

 

Total shareholders’ equity

 

 

115,222

 

 

 

107,579

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

$

212,438

 

 

$

238,818

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following table represents the assets and liabilities of our consolidated variable interest entity as of March 31:

The following table represents the assets and liabilities of our consolidated variable interest entity as of March 31:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Restricted cash

 

$

10,955

 

 

$

7,882

 

Finance receivables, net

 

 

150,706

 

 

 

165,966

 

Repossessed assets

 

 

631

 

 

 

1,277

 

Total assets

  $284,162  $333,612 

 

$

162,292

 

 

$

175,125

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   

Line of credit

  $165,750  $213,000 

Drafts payable

   1,672  1,851 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit facility, net of debt issuance costs

 

$

86,154

 

 

$

124,255

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   5,000  5,932 

 

 

405

 

 

 

597

 

Deferred revenues

   3,303  3,969 
  

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities

   175,725  224,752 

 

$

86,559

 

 

$

124,852

 

Commitments and contingencies

   

Shareholders’ equity:

   

Preferred stock, no par: 5,000 shares authorized; none issued

   

Common stock, no par: 50,000 shares authorized; 12,609 and 12,524 shares issued respectively; 7,895 and 7,810 shares outstanding, respectively

   34,564  33,889 

Treasury stock: 4,714 common shares, at cost

   (70,459 (70,459

Retained earnings

   144,332  145,430 
  

 

  

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

   108,437  108,860 
  

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $284,162  $333,612 
  

 

  

 

 

See accompanying notes.

notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

37

33


Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

 

  Fiscal Year ended March 31, 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

  2018 2017 2016 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest and fee income on finance receivables

  $83,917  $90,466  $90,707 

 

$

54,211

 

 

$

62,095

 

Realized gain on equity investments

 

 

1,809

 

 

 

-

 

Total revenue

 

 

56,020

 

 

 

62,095

 

Expenses:

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marketing

   1,489  1,440  1,497 

 

 

1,269

 

 

 

1,548

 

Salaries and employee benefits

   19,868  21,437  22,313 

 

 

19,083

 

 

 

18,804

 

Administrative

   11,324  12,180  11,025 

 

 

11,248

 

 

 

13,393

 

Provision for credit losses

   37,450  37,177  26,278 

 

 

7,250

 

 

 

16,901

 

Amortization of intangibles

 

 

13

 

 

 

55

 

Depreciation

   469  492  458 

 

 

231

 

 

 

337

 

Goodwill impairment charge

 

 

-

 

 

 

295

 

Interest expense

   10,137  9,222  9,007 

 

 

5,980

 

 

 

8,515

 

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements

   17  (222 24 
  

 

  

 

  

 

 
   80,754  81,726  70,602 
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total expenses

 

 

45,074

 

 

 

59,848

 

Operating income before income taxes

   3,163  8,740  20,105 

 

 

10,946

 

 

 

2,247

 

Income tax expense

   4,261  3,331  7,726 
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $(1,098 $5,409  $12,379 
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

   

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

2,595

 

 

 

(1,219

)

Net income

 

$

8,351

 

 

$

3,466

 

Earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

  $(.14 $.70  $1.60 

 

$

1.09

 

 

$

.45

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Diluted

  $(.14 $.69  $1.59 

 

$

1.09

 

 

$

.45

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

See accompanying notes.

notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

38

34


Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

 

   Common Stock  Treasury
Stock
  Retained
Earnings
  Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
   Shares  Amount    

Balance at March 31, 2015

   7,702  $32,655  $(70,409 $127,642  $89,888 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

   —     —     —     12,379   12,379 

Issuance of common stock under stock options

   13   85   —     —     85 

Grants of restricted share awards, net of forfeitures

   38   —     —     —     —   

Excess tax benefit on share awards

   —     (38  —     —     (38

Share-based compensation

   —     11   —     —     11 

Common shares purchased

   —     574   —     —     574 

Additional tender offer cost

   —     —     (50  —     (50
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at March 31, 2016

   7,753  $33,287  $(70,459 $140,021  $102,849 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income

   —     —     —     5,409   5,409 

Issuance of common stock under stock options

   9   50   —     —     50 

Grants of restricted share awards, net of forfeitures

   48   —     —     —     —   

Tax deficiency on share awards

   —     (66  —     —     (66

Excess tax benefit on share awards

   —     11   —     —     11 

Share-based compensation

   —     607   —     —     607 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at March 31, 2017

   7,810  $33,889  $(70,459 $145,430  $108,860 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net Loss

   —     —     —    $(1,098 $(1,098

Issuance of common stock under stock options

   91   458   —     —     458 

Forfeitures of restricted share awards

   (6  —     —     —     —   

Share-based compensation

   —     217   —     —     217 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at March 31, 2018

   7,895  $34,564  $(70,459 $144,332  $108,437 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

Common Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

Treasury

Stock

 

 

Retained

Earnings

 

 

Shareholders'

Equity

 

Balance at March 31, 2019

 

 

7,910

 

 

$

34,660

 

 

$

(70,459

)

 

$

140,684

 

 

$

104,885

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,466

 

 

 

3,466

 

Issuance of restricted stock awards

 

 

39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise of stock options

 

 

2

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

Cancellation of restricted stock awards

 

 

(26

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury stock repurchases

 

 

(119

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(979

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(979

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

202

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

202

 

Balance at March 31, 2020

 

 

7,806

 

 

$

34,867

 

 

$

(71,438

)

 

$

144,150

 

 

$

107,579

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,351

 

 

 

8,351

 

Issuance of restricted stock awards

 

 

14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury stock repurchases

 

 

(112

)

 

 

 

 

 

(905

)

 

 

 

 

 

(905

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

197

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

197

 

Balance at March 31, 2021

 

 

7,708

 

 

$

35,064

 

 

$

(72,343

)

 

$

152,501

 

 

$

115,222

 

See accompanying notes.

notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

39

35


Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

 

   Fiscal Year ended March 31, 
   2018  2017  2016 

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net (loss) income

  $(1,098 $5,409  $12,379 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

    

Depreciation

   469   492   458 

Gain on sale of property and equipment

   (66  (17  (24

Impairment loss on property and equipment

   —     350   —   

Provision for credit losses

   37,450   37,177   26,278 

Amortization of dealer discounts

   (11,488  (13,112  (13,811

Amortization of commission for products

   (1,656  (1,754  (1,662

Deferred income taxes

   2,216   (1,956  (292

Share-based compensation

   217   607   574 

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements

   17   (222  24 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Prepaid expenses and other assets

   4   328   192 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   (932  93   (2,002

Income taxes receivable/payable

   (786  (126  (480

Deferred revenues

   (666  52   774 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   23,681   27,321   22,408 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Purchase and origination of finance contracts

   (101,131  (157,708  (173,027

Principal payments received including recoveries

   124,154   130,029   139,289 

Decrease (increase) in assets held for resale

   336   (305  (401

Purchase of property and equipment

   (130  (772  (913

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

   68   53   61 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   23,297   (28,703  (34,991

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Net (pay down) proceeds from line of credit

   (47,250  2,000   12,000 

Increase (decrease) in drafts payable

   (179  352   (977

Payment of debt origination costs

   (236  (25  (25

Proceeds from exercise of share awards

   458   50   85 

Excess tax benefits of stock options

   —     11   11 

Purchase of common shares

   —     —     (50
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   (47,207  2,388   11,044 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash

   (229  1,006   (1,539

Cash, beginning of year

   2,855   1,849   3,388 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash, end of year

  $2,626  $2,855  $1,849 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

    

Tax deficiency from share awards

  $—    $(66 $(38
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

8,351

 

 

$

3,466

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

 

231

 

 

 

337

 

Amortization of intangibles

 

 

13

 

 

 

55

 

Amortization of debt issuance costs

 

 

429

 

 

 

429

 

Amortization of operating of lease right-of-use assets

 

 

1,593

 

 

 

1,913

 

Gain on sale of property and equipment

 

 

(13

)

 

 

(23

)

Goodwill impairment charge

 

 

-

 

 

 

295

 

Purchases of equity investments

 

 

(4,142

)

 

 

-

 

Proceeds from equity investments

 

 

5,951

 

 

 

-

 

Realized gains on equity investments

 

 

(1,809

)

 

 

-

 

Repossessed assets

 

 

655

 

 

 

677

 

Provision for credit losses

 

 

7,250

 

 

 

16,901

 

Amortization of dealer discounts

 

 

(6,421

)

 

 

(8,031

)

Amortization of insurance and fee commissions

 

 

(2,370

)

 

 

(2,615

)

Accretion of purchase price discount

 

 

(551

)

 

 

(746

)

Deferred income taxes

 

 

1,626

 

 

 

3,215

 

Principal reduction on operating lease liabilities

 

 

(1,193

)

 

 

(1,841

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

197

 

 

 

202

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

879

 

 

 

(275

)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

 

(145

)

 

 

304

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

 

(373

)

 

 

(744

)

Income taxes receivable

 

 

4,245

 

 

 

(3,244

)

Unearned insurance and fee commissions

 

 

220

 

 

 

210

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

 

14,623

 

 

 

10,485

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase and origination of finance receivables

 

 

(88,173

)

 

 

(89,334

)

Principal payments received

 

 

118,629

 

 

 

106,248

 

Net assets acquired from branch acquisitions, primarily loans

 

 

-

 

 

 

(20,483

)

Purchase of property and equipment

 

 

(615

)

 

 

(130

)

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

 

 

20

 

 

 

23

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

 

 

29,861

 

 

 

(3,676

)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Repayments on credit facility

 

 

(38,530

)

 

 

(38,950

)

Proceeds from the credit facility

 

 

-

 

 

 

20,780

 

Payment of loan originations fees

 

 

-

 

 

 

(623

)

Proceeds from PPP Loan

 

 

3,244

 

 

 

-

 

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

 

 

-

 

 

 

5

 

Repurchases of treasury stock

 

 

(905

)

 

 

(979

)

Net cash used in financing activities

 

 

(36,191

)

 

 

(19,767

)

Net increase (decrease) in cash

 

 

8,293

 

 

 

(12,958

)

Cash and restricted cash, beginning of year

 

 

24,684

 

 

 

37,642

 

Cash and restricted cash, end of year

 

$

32,977

 

 

$

24,684

 

Supplemental Disclosures:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest paid, including debt originations cost, during the year

 

$

5,714

 

 

$

8,187

 

Income taxes paid during the year

 

 

1,357

 

 

 

6

 

Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

 

 

2,067

 

 

 

4,058

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following table reconciles cash and restricted cash from the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the statements above:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Cash

 

$

22,022

 

 

$

16,802

 

Restricted cash

 

 

10,955

 

 

 

7,882

 

Total cash and restricted cash

 

$

32,977

 

 

$

24,684

 

See accompanying notes.

notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

40

36


Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Nicholas Financial, Inc. (“Nicholas Financial – Canada”) is a Canadian holding company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia with two2 wholly owned United States subsidiaries, Nicholas Data Services, Inc. (“NDS”) and Nicholas Financial, Inc. (“NFI”). NDS historically was engaged in supporting and updating industry-specific computer application software for small businesses located primarily in the Southeastern United States. NDS has ceased its operations; however, it continues as the interim holding company for Nicholas Financial. NFI is a specialized consumer finance company engaged primarily in acquiring and servicing automobile finance installment contracts (“Contracts”) for purchases of used and new automobiles and light trucks. To a lesser extent, NFI also offers direct consumer loans (“Direct Loans”) and sells consumer-finance related products. Both NDS and NFIIn addition, NF Funding I, LLC (“NF Funding I”), is a wholly-owned, special purpose financing subsidiary of NFI. All three companies are based in Florida, U.S.A. The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars and are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The Company has one reportable segment, which is the consumer finance company.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Nicholas Financial – Canada and its wholly owned subsidiaries, NDS, NFI, and NFI,NF Funding I, collectively referred to as the “Company”. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Segment Reporting

The Company reports operating segments in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280, Segment Reporting. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assesses performance. FASB ASC Topic 280 requires that a public enterprise report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items, segment assets, information about the way the operating segments where determined and other items.

The Company has 1 reportable segment, which is the consumer finance company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash includes cash and cash equivalents for which the Company’s ability to withdraw funds is contractually limited. The Company’s restricted cash consist of cash restricted for debt serving of the Company’s variable interest entity.

Finance Receivables

Finance receivables are recorded at cost, net of unearned interest,dealer discounts, unearned dealer discountsinsurance and commissions (see “Revenue Recognition”), and the allowance for credit losses. The amount of unearned interest, dealer discounts and allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 are approximately $164 and $195.5 million, respectively (See Note 3).

41


Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance forCompany uses trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized and applies this calculated percentage to ending finance receivables to calculate estimated future probable credit losses is increased by charges against earnings and decreased by charge-offs (netfor purposes of recoveries). The Company aggregates Contracts into static pools consisting of Contracts purchased during a three-month period for each branch location as management considers these pools to have similar risk characteristics and are considered smaller-balance homogenous loans. The Company analyzes each consolidated static pool at specific points in time to estimate losses that are probable of being incurred as of the reporting date. It has maintained historicalwrite-off information for over 10 years with respect to every consolidated static pool and segregates each static pool by liquidation which creates snapshots or buckets of each pool’s historicalwrite-off-to liquidation ratio at five different points in each vintage pool’s liquidation cycle. These snapshots are then used to assist in determining the allowance for credit losses. The five snapshots are tracked at liquidation levelsCompany then takes into consideration the composition of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%its portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and 100%. These snapshots help us in determiningbankrupt accounts and adjusts the appropriateabove, if necessary, to determine management’s total estimate of probable credit losses and its assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.

As  Management utilizes significant judgment in determining probable incurred losses and in identifying and evaluating qualitative factors. Use of March 31, 2016,a trailing six-month net charge-off percentage reflects the Company refinedlending policies, underwriting standards, and aligns with business strategies to finance primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower.

In addition, the Company takes into consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses by changing itis determined to a loan by loan analysis, which more closely depictsbe inadequate, then an additional charge to the amount of the allowance for credit losses neededprovision is recorded to maintain an adequate reserve. As of March 31, 2017, the Company further refined the reserve for losses by increasing the allowance by 50% of the principal balance, with respect to accounts whose contractual delinquency falls into the range of120-180 days past due as a result of further delinquencies that occurred subsequent to altering ourcharge-off policy (see Note 3).

Management’s periodicreserves based on management’s evaluation of the adequacyrisk inherent in the loan portfolio. Conversely, the Company could identify abnormalities in the composition of the portfolio, which would indicate the calculation is overstated and management judgement may be required to determine the allowance is based on the Company’s past loan experience, knownof credit losses for both Contracts and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers’ ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, and current economic conditions. As conditions change, the Company’s level of provisioning and allowance may change as well.

Direct Loans.

Repossessed Assets

37


2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Assets Held for Resale

Assets held for resaleRepossessed assets are stated at net realizable value and consist primarily of automobiles that have been repossessed by the Company and are awaiting final disposition. Most costs associated with repossession, transport, and auction preparation expenses are reported under operating expenses in the period in which they are incurred.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment areis recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

Automobiles

3 years

Equipment

5 years

Furniture and fixtures

7 years

Software

7 years

Leasehold improvements

Lesser of lease term or useful life (generally 6 -7- 7 years)

Drafts Payable

Drafts payable represent checks disbursedGoodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of net assets acquired in business combinations over the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill impairment exists when the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value. Goodwill is tested for loanimpairment annually, as of the last day of the fiscal year, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Company has 1 reporting unit, which is the same level as the Company’s one operating segment, the consumer finance company. The Company has the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of our reporting unit exceeds its fair value or proceeding directly to a quantitative test. The Company elected to perform the quantitative impairment test at March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the reporting unit in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Quoted market prices in active markets are the best evidence of fair value and shall be used as the basis for the measurement, if available. If the fair value

42


exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. However, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss equal to that excess.

As the Company only has 1 reporting unit, the Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a market based approach, with the primary input being the Company’s market capitalization at the measurement date, adjusted for a control premium. Based upon the impairment test at March 31, 2020, the Company concluded that its recorded balance of goodwill was impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $0.3 million, which resulted in a full write-off of the Company’s goodwill balance. In fiscal year 2021, no purchases which haveaccounting transactions were executed by the Company and 0 goodwill was recorded. The goodwill balance remains at $0 at March 31, 2021. (See Note 5).

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets, whenever changes or events indicate that the carry amount may not yet been funded. Amountsbe recoverable. The Company assesses impairment of these assets generally clear within two business daysat the branch level based on profitability of period endthe branch and then increase the line of creditCompany’s plans for branch closings. The Company will write down such assets to fair value, based on operational results, if impairment has occurred. The Company did 0t record any impairment charges for the long-lived assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 or reduce cash.2020.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases along with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from any such position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company does not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with anyThere were 0 unrecognized tax benefits, nor has the Company recognized any related interest or penalties during the three years endedpositions as of March 31, 2018.2021 or 2020.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. TheWith few exceptions the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state tax examinations for fiscal years before 2015.prior to 2017.

We are subject to taxation at the federal, state, and local levels in the United States. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). The Company does not believe there will be any materialchanges included in TCJA are broad and complex. The final transition impacts of TCJA may differ from the estimates provided elsewhere in this Annual Report, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in its unrecognized tax positions overinterpretations of TCJA, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of TCJA, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to TCJA, or any updates or changes to estimates the next 12 months. There were no unrecognized tax positions asCompany has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates. The estimated impact of March 31, 2018.the new law is based on management’s current knowledge and assumptions and recognized impacts could be materially different from current estimates.

The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. See Note 8 for details regarding the impact of the Tax CutsCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and JobsEconomic Security Act enacted(“CARES Act”) by the U.S. government on December 22, 2017.March 27, 2020.

43

38


2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Revenue Recognition

Interest income on finance receivables is recognized using the interest method. Accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when a loan is contractually delinquent for 61 days or more, or the collateral is repossessed, whichever is earlier,earlier. The Company reverses the accrual of interest income when the loan is contractually delinquent 61 days or whenmore.

The Company defines a non-performing asset as one that is 61 or more days past due, a Chapter 7 bankruptcy account, or a Chapter 13 bankruptcy account that has not been confirmed by the courts, for which the accrual of interest income is suspended. Upon confirmation of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy trustee’s plan (BK13), the account is inimmediately charged-off. Upon notification of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 137 bankruptcy, accountsan account is monitored for collectability. In the event the debtors’ balance is reduced by the bankruptcy court, the Company records a loss equal to the amount of principal balance reduction. The remaining balance is reduced as payments are accounted for underreceived. In the cost-recovery method. Interest income on Chapter 13event an account is dismissed from bankruptcy, accounts does not resume until all principal amounts are recovered (seethe Company will decide whether to begin repossession proceedings or to allow the customer to make regularly scheduled payments. (see Note 3).

A dealer discount represents the difference between the finance receivable net of unearned interest, of a Contract, and the amount of money the Company actually pays for the Contract. The discount negotiated by the Company is a function of the lender, the wholesale value of the vehicle, and competition in any given market. In making decisions regarding the purchase of a particular Contract, the Company considers the following factors related to the borrower: place and length of residence; current and prior job status; history in making installment payments for automobiles; current income; and credit history. In addition, the Company examines its prior experience with Contracts purchased from the dealer from which the Company is purchasing the Contract, and the value of the automobile in relation to the purchase price and the term of the Contract. The dealer discount is amortized as an adjustment to yield using the interest method over the life of the loan. The average dealer discount, as a percent of the amount financed, associated with new volume for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017,2021 and 2016 was 7.41%, 7.08%2020, were 7.5% and 7.51%7.9%, respectively. The amount of future unearned income is computed as the product of the Contract rate, the Contract term

Unearned insurance and the Contract amount.

Deferred revenuesfee commissions consist primarily of commissions received from the sale of ancillary products. These products include automobile warranties, roadside assistance programs, accident and health insurance, credit life insurance, involuntary unemployment insurance, and forced placed automobile insurance. These commissions are amortized over the life of the Contract using the interest method.

44


Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company has granted stock compensation awards with nonforfeitable dividend rights which are considered participating securities. Earnings per share is calculated using thetwo-class method, as such awards are more dilutive under this method than the treasury stock method. BasicOrdinarily, basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which excludes the participating securities. DilutedDilutive earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period which includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares from stock compensation awards. EarningsFor the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Company experienced net income. Income per share havehas been computed based on the following weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

 

   Fiscal Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except earnings per
share numbers)
 
   2018   2017   2016 

Numerator:

      

Net (loss) income per consolidated statements of income

  $(1,098  $5,409   $12,379 

Less: Allocation of earnings to participating securities

   14    (70   (170
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (loss) income allocated to common stock

   (1,084   5,339    12,209 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share computation:

      

Net income (loss)allocated to common stock

  $(1,084  $5,339   $12,209 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding, including shares considered participating securities

   7,819    7,766    7,727 

Less: Weighted average participating securities outstanding

   (100   (102   (105
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average shares of common stock

   7,719    7,664    7,622 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share

  $(.14  $.70   $1.60 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted earnings (loss) per share computation:

      

Net (loss) income allocated to common stock

  $(1,084  $5,339   $12,209 

Undistributed earningsre-allocated to participating securities

   —      —      2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Numerator for diluted earnings (loss) per share

  $(1,084  $5,339   $12,211 

Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings (loss) per share

   7,719    7,664    7,622 

Incremental shares from stock options

   —      62    70 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average shares and dilutive potential common shares

   7,719    7,726    7,692 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

  $(.14  $.69   $1.59 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31,

(In thousands, except earnings

per share numbers)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Numerator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income per consolidated statements of income

 

$

8,351

 

 

$

3,466

 

Percentage allocated to shareholders *

 

 

99

%

 

 

99

%

Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share

 

 

8,307

 

 

 

3,434

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Denominator for Basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding

 

 

7,626

 

 

 

7,702

 

Dilutive effect of stock options

 

 

-

 

 

 

1

 

Denominator for diluted earnings per share

 

 

7,626

 

 

 

7,703

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Per share income from continuing operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

1.09

 

 

$

0.45

 

Diluted

 

$

1.09

 

 

$

0.45

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Basic weighted-average shares outstanding

 

 

7,626

 

 

 

7,702

 

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding and unvested restricted stock units expected to vest

 

 

7,666

 

 

 

7,774

 

Percentage allocated to shareholders

 

 

99

%

 

 

99

%

 

39


2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Diluted earnings per share do not include the effect of certain stock options as their impact would be anti-dilutive. Approximately 124,000, 161,000, and 161,000 stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Share-Based Payments

The grant date fair value of share awards is recognized in earnings over the requisite service period (presumptively, the vesting period), net of estimated forfeitures. The Company estimates the fair value of option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The risk-free interest rate is based upon a U.S. Treasury instrument with a life that is similar to the expected term of the options. Expected volatility is based upon the historical volatility for the previous period equal to the expected term of the options. The expected term is based upon the average life of previously issued options. The expected dividend yield is based upon the yield expected on date of grant to occur over the term of the option.

The fair value ofnon-vested restricted shares and performance units are measured at the market price of a share on a grant date. Restricted shares have a three-year service period. Performance units include a performance period (generally ending at the end of the fiscal year in which the units were granted) followed by atwo-year service period. At the end of the performance period, these units effectively become restricted shares for the remainingtwo-year service period at which time they become vested.

45


Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures specific assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When applicable, the Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability under a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs about which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions (see Note 7).

Financial Instruments and Concentrations

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, finance receivables (accrued interest receivable is a part of finance receivables), and a line of credit, and interest rate swap agreements.Credit Facility. Financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk are primarily finance receivables and cash.

As ofFor the year ended, March 31, 2018,2021, the Company operated in sixteen16 states through sixty45 branch locations. Of the aggregate finance receivables total as of March 31, 2018,2021, Florida represented 28%27%, Ohio represented 13%14%, Georgia represented 10%12%, and North Carolina represented 8%10%. Each of Kentucky, Missouri, and South Carolina represented 5%. Of the remaining twelve states, no one state represented more than 5% of the total finance receivables. The Company provides credit during the normal course of business and performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers.

The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses which, when realized, have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company perfects a primary security interest in all vehicles financed as a form of collateral.

The combined account balances the Company maintains at financial institutions typically exceed federally insured limits, and there is a concentration of credit risk related to accounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes this risk of loss is not significant.

Variable Interest Rate Swap AgreementsEntity

Interest rate swap agreementsIn March 2019, the Company entered into a new senior secured credit facility collateralized by customer financed receivables by transferring the receivables into a bankruptcy-remote variable interest entity (VIE). Under the terms of the transaction, all cash collections and other cash proceeds of the customer receivables go first to the servicer and the holders of the asset-backed notes, and then to the residual equity holder. The Company retained the servicing of the portfolio and receives a monthly fee of 2.5% (annualized) based on the outstanding balance of the financed receivables, and the Company currently holds all of the residual equity, monthly fees are reported as either assets or liabilitieseliminated in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Interest rate swap agreements are not designatedfinancial statements. In addition, the Company, rather than the VIE, will retain certain credit insurance income together with certain recoveries related to credit insurance and on charge-offs of the financed receivables, which will continue to be reflected as cash-flow hedges, and accordingly,a reduction of net charge-offs on a consolidated basis for as long as the changes inCompany consolidates the fair value are recorded in earnings. The Company does not use interest rate swap agreements for speculative purposes (see Note 6).VIE.

 

40


2. SummaryThe Company consolidates the VIE’s when the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Statementsthe VIE and it has the obligation to absorb losses and its right to receive residual returns is significant. The Company determined it is the primary beneficiary of Cash Flows

Cash paidthe VIE, it has the right to direct activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses and significant right to receive residual returns. The Company therefore consolidated the VIE for income taxes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 20172020 and 2016 was approximately $2.8 million, $5.4 million and $8.5 million respectively. Cash paid for interest, including debt origination costs for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $10.1 million, $9.1 million and $8.8 million respectively.2021.

Reclassifications

The Company made certain reclassificationsCertain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 statements of cash flows. The amortization of deferred revenues decreased cash flows from operating activities by $1.7 million and correspondingly increased cash flows from investing activities. Net income andcurrent presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net loss or shareholders’ equity was not changed.equity.

RecentRecently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

46


In February 2018,January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting StandardsASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the amendments in this Update, (ASU)No. 2018-02, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassificationan entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of Certain Tax Effectsa reporting unit with its carrying amount. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” was issued to address a narrow-scope financial reporting issue that arose as a consequence of the change in theany tax law. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted a tax bill, H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolutiondeductible goodwill on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017). The ASUNo. 2018-02 permits a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate. Thecarrying amount of the reclassification would bereporting unit when measuring the difference betweengoodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the historical corporate income tax raterequirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of 35 percent and the newly enacted 21 percent corporate income tax rate.goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. The ASUNo. 2018-02 isamendments in this update are effective for allpublic entities who are SEC filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018,2019. The Company adopted the guidance on March 31, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for (i) public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and (ii) all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The adoption of this guidance will not impactapplied it to the company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.Company’s goodwill impairment test at March 31, 2020 (See Note 5).

In August 2017,January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)FASB issued ASU2017-12 Derivatives No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10), Recognition and Hedging (Topic 815). The guidanceMeasurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This amendment requires that equity investments be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. When fair value is intendednot readily determinable, an entity may elect to better alignmeasure the equity investment at cost, less impairment, plus or minus any change in the investment’s observable price. For financial liabilities that are measured at fair value, the amendment requires an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships.entity to present separately, in other comprehensive income, any change in fair value resulting from a change in instrument specific credit risk. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating impact of the adoption of this guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The guidance provides clarification on when modification accounting should be used for changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt the guidance on April 1, 2018, as required, and it believes the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805). The guidance clarifies the definition of a business, which assists entities when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions of businesses or assets. This guidance is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt the guidance on April 1, 2018, as required,standard requires retrospective application for equity investments with readily determinable fair values and it believes the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued the Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payment. The new guidance focuses on making the Statement of Cash Flows more uniformprospective application for companies. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.equity investments without readily determinable fair values. The Company is currently evaluatingadopted the impactstandard during the year and no prospective basis existed for these equity investments since they were also purchased during the fiscal year. The purchase of the adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and isthese equity investments was recorded in the process of analyzing its current presentation of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. At this time, the Company does not believe ASU2016-15 will have a material impact.Balance Sheets. See Note 7 for further information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued the ASU2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other things, the amendments in this ASU require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable

forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. The ASU also requires additional disclosures related to estimates and judgments used to measure all expected credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted2020. Recently, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for all organizationsthis accounting standard, for fiscal years, and interim

41


2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

periods within thosesmaller reporting companies, the new effective date is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and is collecting and analyzing data that will be needed to produce historical inputs into any models created as a result of adopting this ASU. At this time, we believethe Company believes the adoption of this ASU will likely have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.and is expected to increase the overall allowance for credit losses.

In March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share- based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. For public entities, ASU2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU2016-09 became effective for the Company for the reporting period beginning April 1, 2017 and did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. At adoption, the Company elected to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using the prospective transition method. The Company also elected to continue to estimate the forfeitures of stock awards as a component of total stock compensation expense based on the number of awards that are expected to vest.

In February 2016,2020, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-02, “Leases”, 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitating of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions in which the reference LIBOR or another reference rate is expected to be discontinued as a result of the Reference Rate Reform. This ASU is intended to improveease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting about leasing transactions.reporting. The ASU affects all companiesnew guidance was effective immediately and other organizations that lease assets such as real estate, airplanes, and manufacturing equipment. “The ASU will require organizations that lease assets—referred to as “lessees”—to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. The accounting by organizations that own the assets leased by the lessee—also known as lessor accounting— will remain largely unchanged from current U.S. GAAP. ASU2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning afterthrough December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. Upon adoption, the Company will add the impact of the full operating lease terms, using the present value of future minimum lease payments to the balance sheet.31, 2022. The Company will continue to evaluateis currently evaluating the impact ofeffect the adoption of this ASUstandard will have on the consolidatedits financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities,” which is intended to improve the recognition and measurement of financial instruments by requiring: equity investments (other than equity method or consolidation) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; eliminating the requirement to disclose the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for organizations that are not public business entities; eliminating the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet; and requiring a reporting organization to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk (also referred to as “own credit”) when the organization has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. This ASU is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This ASU permits early adoption of the instrument-specific credit risk provision. The Company adopted ASU2016-01 during the year ended March 31, 2018 which did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.47


In May 2014, the FASB issued ASUNo. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. The ASU outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The guidance also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Entities have the option to apply the new guidance under a retrospective approach to each prior reporting period presented or a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance recognized at the date of initial application within the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date of ASU2014-09 by one year. As a result, ASU2014-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company currently will adopt the new guidance utilizing the gross down modified transition method on its effective date of April 1, 2018. Based on its current analysis the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not believe there are any other recently issued accounting standards that have not yet been adopted that will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.statements.

3. Finance Receivables

Finance receivables consist of Contracts and Direct Loans, each of which comprise a portfolio segment. Each portfolio segment consists of smaller balance homogeneous loans which are collectively evaluated for impairment.

42


3. Finance Receivables (continued)

The Company purchases individual Contracts from used and new automobile dealers in its markets. There is no relationship between the Company and the dealer with respect to a given Contract once the assignment of that Contract is complete. The dealer has no vested interest in the performance of any Contract the Company purchases. The Companycharges-off receivables when an individual account has become more than 180Company’s charge off policy is 121 days contractually delinquent.past due. In addition, Chapter 13 Bankruptcies, once confirmed by the courts, are also charged off. This policy is in line with industry standards, considering the sub-prime nature of our customers. In the event of repossession, thecharge-off will occur inafter standard collection practices by the month in whichCompany, as determined by the vehicle was repossessed.residency state of a customer. This practice is consistent with the sub-prime industry.

Contracts and Direct Loans included in finance receivables are detailed as follows as of fiscal years ended March 31:

 

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017   2016 

Indirect finance receivables, gross contract

  $423,900   $502,050   $487,118 

Unearned interest

   (127,994   (158,541   (152,911
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Indirect finance receivables, net of unearned interest

   295,906    343,509    334,207 

Unearned dealer discounts

   (13,655   (17,004   (18,023
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Indirect finance receivables, net of unearned interest and unearned dealer discounts

   282,251    326,505    316,184 

Allowance for credit losses

   (19,433   (16,885   (12,265
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Indirect finance receivables, net

  $262,818   $309,620   $303,919 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Finance receivables

 

$

184,237

 

 

$

219,366

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

2,285

 

 

 

3,164

 

Unearned dealer discounts

 

 

(7,290

)

 

 

(8,056

)

Unearned purchase price discount

 

 

(364

)

 

 

(915

)

Unearned insurance and fee commissions

 

 

(2,396

)

 

 

(2,616

)

Finance receivables, net of unearned

 

 

176,472

 

 

 

210,943

 

Allowance for credit losses

 

 

(6,154

)

 

 

(11,162

)

Finance receivables, net

 

$

170,318

 

 

$

199,781

 

The terms of the Contracts range from 12 to 72 months and bear a weighted average contractual interest rate of 22.29% and 22.37% as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Contracts for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017   2016 

Balance at beginning of year

  $16,885   $12,265   $11,325 

Provision for credit losses

   36,890    36,843    25,926 

Losses absorbed

   (36,183   (34,419   (27,963

Recoveries

   1,841    2,196    2,977 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $19,433   $16,885   $12,265 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Company purchases Contracts from automobile dealers at a negotiated price that is less than the original principal amount being financed by the purchaser of the automobile. The Contracts are predominatelypredominantly for used vehicles. As of March 31, 2018,2021, the average model year of vehicles collateralizing the portfolio was a 20102012 vehicle. The Company utilizes a static pool approach to track portfolio performance. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate for a static pool, then an additional charge to income through the provision is used to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the portfolio, and current economic conditions. Such evaluation considers, among other matters, the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, competition, management’s estimate of probable credit losses and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an adequate allowance for credit losses.

Direct Loans are loans originated directly between the Company and the consumer. Direct Loans are also included in finance receivables and are detailed as follows as of fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017   2016 

Direct finance receivables, gross contract

  $9,964   $10,670   $11,012 

Unearned interest

   (2,073   (2,312   (2,346
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Direct finance receivables, net of unearned interest

   7,891    8,358    8,666 

Allowance for credit losses

   (833   (773   (748
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Direct finance receivables, net

  $7,058   $7,585   $7,918 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The terms of the Direct LoansContracts range from 12 to72to 60 months and bear a weightedan average contractual interest rate of 25.07%23.4% and 25.62%23.4% as of March 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, respectively.

 

43


3. Finance Receivables (continued)

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the changes in the allowance for credit losses on Direct Loans for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017   2016 

Balance at beginning of year

  $773   $748   $703 

Provision for credit losses

   560    334    352 

Losses absorbed

   (536   (338   (328

Recoveries

   36    29    21 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of year

  $833   $773   $748 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Direct Loans are typically for amounts ranging from $1,000 to $11,000$15,000 and are generally secured by a lien on an automobile, watercraft or other permissible tangible personal property. The majority of Direct Loans are originated with current or former customers under the Company’s automobile financing program. The typical Direct Loan represents a better credit risk than Contracts due to the customer’s historical payment history with the Company; however, the underlying collateral is less valuable. In deciding whether or not to make a loan, the Company considers the individual’s credit history, job stability, income, and impressions created during a personal interview with a Company loan officer. Additionally, because most of the Direct Loans made by the Company to date have been made to borrowers under Contracts previously purchased by the Company, the payment history of the borrower under the Contract is a significant factor in making the loan decision. As of March 31, 2018,2021, loans made by the Company pursuant to its Direct Loan program constituted approximately 2%8% of the aggregate principal amount of the Company’s loan portfolio. ChangesThe terms of the Direct Loans range from 12 to72 months and bear an average contractual interest rate of 29.7% and 28.2% as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

48


Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company uses trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized and applies this calculated percentage to ending finance receivables to calculate estimated future probable credit losses for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses.   The Company then takes into consideration the composition of its portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts and adjusts the above, if necessary, to determine management’s total estimate of probable credit losses and its assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.  Management utilizes significant judgment in determining probable incurred losses and in identifying and evaluating qualitative factors. The Company focuses on financing primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower, which has resulted in purchasing higher yielding loans, with smaller amounts financed and shorter monthly terms. Management believes a trailing six-month will more accurately reflect changes in the portfolio.

In addition, the Company takes into consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate, then an additional charge to the provision is recorded to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. Conversely, the Company could identify abnormalities in the composition of the portfolio, which would indicate the calculation is overstated and management judgement may be required to determine the allowance of credit losses for both Contracts and Direct Loans were driven by current economic conditions andLoans.

The following presents the activity in our allowance for credit loss trends over several reporting periods which are utilized in estimating future losses and overall portfolio performance.losses:

 

 

For the year ended March 31, 2021

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

Indirect

 

 

Direct

 

 

Total

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

10,433

 

 

$

729

 

 

$

11,162

 

Provision for credit losses

 

 

7,250

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

7,250

 

Charge-offs

 

 

(17,141

)

 

 

(682

)

 

 

(17,823

)

Recoveries

 

 

5,459

 

 

 

106

 

 

 

5,565

 

Balance at end of year

 

$

6,001

 

 

$

153

 

 

$

6,154

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For the year ended March 31, 2020

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

Indirect

 

 

Direct

 

 

Total

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

16,575

 

 

$

357

 

 

$

16,932

 

Provision for credit losses

 

 

16,096

 

 

 

805

 

 

 

16,901

 

Charge-offs

 

 

(29,174

)

 

 

(663

)

 

 

(29,837

)

Recoveries*

 

 

6,936

 

 

 

230

 

 

 

7,166

 

Balance at end of year

 

$

10,433

 

 

$

729

 

 

$

11,162

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*For the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company completed bulk sales of charge-off accounts, which included $1.6 million of bankruptcy accounts and $0.1 million of non-performing accounts.

 

A performing account is defined as an account that is less than 61 days past due. We defineThe Company defines an automobile contract as delinquent when more than 25% of a payment contractually due by a certain date has not been paid by the immediately following due date, which date may have been extended within limits specified in the servicing agreements or as a result of a deferral. The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are contractually past due, as extended where applicable.

49


In certain circumstances, wethe Company will grant obligorsone-month payment extensions. The only modification of terms in those circumstances is to advance the obligor’s next due date by one month and extend the maturity date of the receivable. There are no other concessions, such as a reduction in interest rate, forgiveness of principal or of accrued interest. Accordingly, we considerthe Company considers such extensions to be insignificant delays in payments rather than troubled debt restructurings.

Anon-performing account is defined as an account that is contractually delinquent for 61 days or more or is a Chapter 13 bankruptcy account, and the accrual of interest income is suspended. As of September 1, 2016, when an account is 180 daysThe Company’s charge-off policy for contractually delinquent the account is written off. This change aligned the121 days. The Company’scharge-off policy aligns with practices within the subprime auto financing segment. Prior to September 2016, accounts that were 120 days contractually delinquent were written off. See “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more details. Upon notification of a bankruptcy, an account is monitored for collection with other Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts. In the event the debtors’ balance has been reduced by the bankruptcy court, the Company will record a loss equal to the amount of principal balance reduction. The remaining balance will be reduced as payments are received by the bankruptcy court.

In the event an account is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company will decide, based on several factors, to begin repossession proceedings or to allow the customer to begin making regularly scheduled payments.

The following table is an assessment of the credit quality by creditworthiness as of March 31:

 

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017 
   Contracts   Direct
Loans
   Contracts   Direct
Loans
 

Performing accounts

  $406,159   $9,645   $473,446   $10,406 

Non-performing accounts

   13,668    263    24,585    222 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $419,827   $9,908   $498,031   $10,628 

Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts, net of unearned interest

   4,073    56    4,019    42 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance receivables, gross contract

  $423,900   $9,964   $502,050   $10,670 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

44


3. Finance Receivables (continued)

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

 

 

Contracts

 

 

Direct

Loans

 

 

Total

 

 

Contracts

 

 

Direct

Loans

 

 

Total

 

Performing accounts

 

$

166,828

 

 

$

13,717

 

 

$

180,545

 

 

$

201,045

 

 

$

11,649

 

 

$

212,694

 

Non-performing accounts

 

 

3,367

 

 

 

192

 

 

 

3,559

 

 

 

6,202

 

 

 

195

 

 

 

6,397

 

Total

 

 

170,195

 

 

 

13,909

 

 

 

184,104

 

 

 

207,247

 

 

 

11,844

 

 

 

219,091

 

Chapter 13 bankruptcy

 

 

123

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

133

 

 

 

274

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

275

 

Finance receivables

 

$

170,318

 

 

$

13,919

 

 

$

184,237

 

 

$

207,521

 

 

$

11,845

 

 

$

219,366

 

 

The following tables present certain information regarding the delinquency rates experienced by the Company with respect to Contracts and Direct Loans, on a gross basis which includes unearned interest, excluding any Chapter 13 bankruptcy accounts:

 

   (In thousands) 

Contracts

  Gross Balance
Outstanding
   31 –
60 days
  61 –
90 days
  91-180
days
  Total 

March 31, 2018

  $419,827   $20,203  $8,339  $5,329  $33,871 
       4.81%  1.99%  1.27%  8.07% 

March 31, 2017

  $498,031   $25,450  $12,388  $12,197  $50,035 
       5.11%  2.49%  2.45%  10.05% 

March 31, 2016

  $482,864   $17,466  $6,069  $3,366  $26,901 
     3.61  1.26  0.70  5.57

Direct Loans

  Gross Balance
Outstanding
   31 –
60 days
  61 –
90 days
  91-180
days
  Total 

March 31, 2018

  $9,908   $220  $100  $163  $483 
       2.22%  1.01%  1.65%  4.88% 

March 31, 2017

  $10,628   $191  $67  $155  $413 
       1.80%  0.63%  1.46%  3.89% 

March 31, 2016

  $10,978   $161  $41  $38  $240 
       1.47%  0.37%  0.35%  2.19% 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Contracts

 

Balance

Outstanding

 

 

30 – 59 days

 

 

60 –89 days

 

 

90-119 days

 

 

120+ days

 

 

Total

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

170,195

 

 

$

6,289

 

 

$

2,430

 

 

$

896

 

 

$

42

 

 

$

9,657

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.70

%

 

 

1.43

%

 

 

0.53

%

 

 

0.02

%

 

 

5.67

%

March 31, 2020

 

$

207,247

 

 

$

14,977

 

 

$

4,290

 

 

$

1,893

 

 

$

19

 

 

$

21,179

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.23

%

 

 

2.07

%

 

 

0.91

%

 

 

0.01

%

 

 

10.22

%

Direct Loans

 

Balance

Outstanding

 

 

30 – 59 days

 

 

60 –89 days

 

 

90-119 days

 

 

120+ days

 

 

Total

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

13,909

 

 

$

253

 

 

$

101

 

 

$

81

 

 

 

10

 

 

$

445

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.82

%

 

 

0.73

%

 

 

0.58

%

 

 

0.07

%

 

 

3.20

%

March 31, 2020

 

$

11,844

 

 

$

344

 

 

$

136

 

 

$

59

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

539

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.90

%

 

 

1.15

%

 

 

0.50

%

 

 

0.00

%

 

 

4.55

%

50


4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment as of March 31, 20182021 and 20172020 is summarized as follows:

 

 

(In thousands)

 

  (In thousands) 

 

Cost

 

 

Accumulated

Depreciation

 

 

Net Book

Value

 

  Cost   Accumulated
Depreciation
   Net Book
Value
 

2018

      

2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Automobiles

  $646   $468   $178 

 

$

342

 

 

$

280

 

 

$

62

 

Software

 

 

165

 

 

 

46

 

 

 

119

 

Equipment

   1,496    1,071    425 

 

 

2,009

 

 

 

1,555

 

 

 

454

 

Furniture and fixtures

   546    457    89 

 

 

615

 

 

 

543

 

 

 

72

 

Leasehold improvements

   1,207    1,056    151 

 

 

1,297

 

 

 

1,145

 

 

 

152

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

$

4,428

 

 

$

3,569

 

 

$

859

 

  $3,895   $3,052   $843 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

2017

      

2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Automobiles

  $712   $459   $253 

 

$

451

 

 

$

396

 

 

$

55

 

Software

 

 

160

 

 

 

23

 

 

 

137

 

Equipment

   1,476    851    625 

 

 

1,571

 

 

 

1,439

 

 

 

132

 

Furniture and fixtures

   546    427    119 

 

 

575

 

 

 

519

 

 

 

56

 

Leasehold improvements

   1,194    1,007    187 

 

 

1,207

 

 

 

1,105

 

 

 

102

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

$

3,964

 

 

$

3,482

 

 

$

482

 

  $3,928   $2,744   $1,184 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2017

5. Acquisition

On April 30, 2019, the Company begancompleted an acquisition of 3 branches, representing substantially all of the processassets, of implementing ML Credit Group, LLC (d/b/a new loan operating systemMetrolina Credit Company) (“Metrolina”). NaN acquired branches are located in the state of North Carolina and capitalized1 branch is located in South Carolina. Based on its evaluation of the agreement, the Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination. The Company allocated the purchase price to acquired assets and liabilities on their fair values. The Company acquired finance receivables, net of $20.1 million, other assets of $0.1 million, assumed liabilities of $0.2 million and incurred approximately $350,000$0.3 million in related expenses. The purchase price allocation resulted in goodwill of $0.3 million which the Company determined to be impaired as of March 31, 2020. Finance receivables from the Metrolina acquisition as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 were $4.4 million and $10.9 million, respectively.

6. Credit Facility

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On March 29, 2019, NF Funding I, a wholly-owned, special purpose financing subsidiary of NFI entered into a senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) pursuant to a credit agreement with Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders that are party thereto (the “Credit Agreement”). The Company’s prior credit facility was paid off in connection with this Credit Facility.

Pursuant to the project. During that fiscal year,Credit Agreement, the Company concluded that the asset was not recoverable duelenders have agreed to extend to the project not progressing and the expectation that the costs incurred will not be recovered. As a result, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $350,000 which is classified as administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income.

5. Line of Credit.

The Company hadNF Funding I a line of credit facility (the “Line of Credit”) up to $225 million during fiscal year 2018. On March 30, 2018,$175,000,000, which will be used to purchase motor vehicle retail installment sale contracts from NFI on aone-year renewal was executed extending revolving basis pursuant to a related receivables purchase agreement between NF Funding I and NFI (the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”). Under the maturity date to March 30, 2019 and reducing the line of credit facility to $200 million. The pricingterms of the Line of Credit remained at 400 basis points above 30 day LIBOR, withReceivables Purchase Agreement, NFI will sell to NF Funding I the receivables under the installment sale contracts. NFI will continue to service the motor vehicle retail installment sale contracts transferred to NF Funding I pursuant to a 1% floor on LIBOR and the beneficial ownership limit remained at 30%related servicing agreement (the “Servicing Agreement”). On November 8, 2017, the Company executed amendment 7 to this existing Line of Credit which extended the maturity date to March 31, 2018 and increased the pricing of the Line of Credit to 400 basis points above 30 day LIBOR, while maintaining the 1% floor on LIBOR. The amendment also increased the beneficial ownership limit from 20% to 30% and revised the calculation of availability and the minimum interest coverage ratio. The threshold for the minimum interest coverage ratio was lowered for the period ending December 31, 2017.

45


On December 30, 2016, the Company executed an amendment which increased the pricing of the Line of Credit to 350 basis points above 30 day LIBOR while maintaining the 1% floor on LIBOR. Prior to December 30, 2016, the pricing on the Line of Credit was 300 basis points above 30 day LIBOR with a 1% floor on LIBOR.

Pledged as collateral for this Line of Credit are all the assets of the Company. The facility requires compliance with certain financial ratios and covenants and satisfaction of specified financial tests, including maintenance of asset quality and performance tests. As of March 31, 2018,2021, the Company washad aggregate outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility of $88.3 million, compared to $126.8 million as of March 31, 2020. In addition, the Company had $2.1 million and $2.6 million in compliancedebt issuance costs as of March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 respectively.

51


The availability of funds under the Credit Facility is generally limited to 82.5% of the value of non-delinquent receivables, and outstanding advances under the Credit Facility will accrue interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.75%. The commitment period for advances under the Credit Facility is three years. At the end of the commitment period, the outstanding balance will convert to a term loan and require monthly principal and interest payments over a four-year amortization period.

In connection with the Credit Facility, NFI has guaranteed the NF Funding I’s obligations under the Credit Agreement up to 10% of the highest aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement at any time pursuant to the Limited Guaranty. The Company is also obligated to cover any losses of the lender parties resulting from certain “bad acts” of the Company or its subsidiaries, such as fraud, misappropriation of funds or unpermitted disposition of the assets.

Pursuant to a related security agreement (the “Security Agreement”), NF Funding I granted a security interest in substantially all debt covenants.of its assets as collateral for its obligations under the Credit Facility. In addition, NFI pledged the equity interests of NF Funding I as additional collateral.

The Company’s operating results overCredit Agreement and the past two years provide indicators that the Company may not be able to continue to comply with certain of the required financial ratios, covenants and financial tests prior to the maturity date of the line of credit facility in the absence of an amendment to the corresponding credit agreement. Failure to meet any financial ratios, covenants or financial tests could result in an eventother loan documents contain customary events of default under our lineand negative covenants, including but not limited to those governing indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes, investments, and sales of credit facility.receivables. If an event of default occurs, under the credit facility, our lenders could increase our borrowing costs, restrict ourthe NF Funding I’s ability to obtain additional borrowingsadvances under the facility,Credit Facility, accelerate all amounts outstanding under the facility, orCredit Facility, enforce their interest against collateral pledged under the facility. While management believes that itCredit Facility or enforce their rights under the Company’s guarantees.

Once sold to the NF Funding I, the assets described above will be able to obtain a renewal or extension ofseparate and distinct from the credit facility, there are no assurances that the lenders will approve the renewal or extension, or, assuming that they will approve it, that the facilityCompany’s own assets and will not be on terms less favorable than the current agreement. In the event thatavailable to its creditors should the Company obtains information thatbecome insolvent, although they will be presented on a consolidated basis on the existing lenders do not intend to extend the relationship,Company’s balance sheet.

Future maturities of debt as of March 31, 2021 are as follows:

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

Year Ended March 31,

 

 

 

 

2022

 

$

 

2023

 

 

22,075

 

2024

 

 

22,075

 

2025

 

 

22,075

 

2026

 

 

22,075

 

 

 

$

88,300

 

On May 27, 2020, the Company will seek alternative financing. The Company believes it is probable that it will be ableobtained a loan in the amount of $3,243,900 from a bank in connection with the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). Pursuant to obtain financing from either its existing lendersthe Paycheck Protection Program, all or from other sources; however, it can provide no assurances that it will be successful in replacing the line of credit facility on reasonable terms or at all.

6. Interest Rate Swap Agreements

The Company previously utilized interest rate swap agreements to manage exposure to variability in expected cash flows attributable to interest rate risk. The interest rate swap agreements converted a portion of the Company’s floating rate debt to a fixed rate, more closely matchingPPP Loan may be forgiven if the interest rate characteristicsCompany uses the proceeds of the finance receivables. DuringPPP Loan for its payroll costs and other expenses in accordance with the twelve months ended March 31, 2018,requirements of the Paycheck Protection Program. The Company used the proceeds of the PPP Loan for payroll costs and other covered expenses and sought full forgiveness of the PPP Loan, but there can be no new contracts were initiatedassurance that the Company will obtain any forgiveness of the PPP Loan. The Company submitted the forgiveness application to Fifth Third Bank, the lender, on December 7, 2020 and bothsubmitted supplemental documentation on January 16, 2021. Currently the application is pending SBA decision. Therefore, per the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, P.L. 116-142, all loan payments are deferred while the Company awaits the SBA’s decision on loan forgiveness.  If the PPP Loan is not fully forgiven, the Company will remain liable for the full and punctual payment of the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Unless forgiven, the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest (accruing at the rate swap contracts matured.

of 1.00% per annum) is due on May 22, 2022. The two interest rate swap agreements which expired were as follows: A June 4, 2012 interest rate swap agreement providingPPP Loan is unsecured. The PPP Loan may be prepaid at any time prior to maturity with 0 prepayment penalties. The related promissory note contains events of default and other provisions customary for a five-year term in which the Company paid a fixed rateloan of 1% and received payments from the counterparty onthe 1-month LIBOR rate. This interest rate swap agreement had an effective date of June 13, 2012 and a notional amount of $25.0 million. A July 30, 2012 agreement provided for a five-year term in which the Company paid a fixed rate of 0.87% and received payments from the counterparty onthe 1-month LIBOR rate. This interest rate swap agreement had an effective date of August 13, 2012 and a notional amount of $25.0 million

this type.

 

4652


6. Interest Rate Swap Agreements (continued)

 

The locations and amounts of gains recognized in income are detailed as follows for the fiscal years ended March 31:

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017 

Periodic change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements

  $17   $222 

Periodic settlement differentials included in interest expense

  $18    (179
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain recognized in income

  $35   $43 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net realized gains from the interest rate swap agreements were recorded in the interest expense line item of the consolidated statements of income.

The following table summarizes the average variable rates received and average fixed rates paid under the interest rate swap agreements for the period ended March 31:

   2018  2017 

Average variable rate received

   1.05  0.58

Average fixed rate paid

   0.91  0.94

7. Fair Value Disclosures

Assets and Liabilities RecordedFinancial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

In fiscal year 2021 the Company initiated certain equity investments. The Company estimatesdefined these equity investments as trading securities for which the changes in fair value of interest rate swap agreements based on the estimatedwere immediately recognized through net present value of the future cash flows using a forward interest rate yield curveincome in effecteach quarter, respectively. The Company sold all equity investments as of March 31, 2021, all gains were recognized in the measurement period, adjustedConsolidated Statements of Income, for nonperformance risk, if any, including a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of both the Company’s credit risk and the counterparty’s credit risk. Accordingly, the Company classifies interest rate swap agreements as Level 2.year ended March 31, 2021.

   Fair Value Measurement Using
(In thousands)
 

Description

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Fair
Value
 

Interest rate swap agreements:

        

March 31, 2018 – asset:

  $—     $0   $—     $0 

March 31, 2017 – asset:

  $—     $17   $—     $17 

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and restricted cash, finance receivables, repossessed assets, and the Line of Credit.Credit Facility. For the cash and the line,credit facility, the carrying value approximates fair value.

Finance receivables, net, approximates fair value based on a calculation using the income approach and an exit price notion. The Company projected discounted cash flows taking into consideration expected contractual payments, prepayment rate, and expected credit adjustment. The Company’s approach in the prior year was based on the price paid to acquire Contracts which reflectedContracts. The price reflects competitive market interest rates and purchase discounts for the Company’s chosen credit grade in the economic environment. This market is highly liquid as the Company acquires individual loans on a daily basis from dealers.

The initial terms of the Contracts generally range from 12 to 72 months. Beginning in December 2017, the maximum initial term of a Contract was reduced to 60 months. The initial terms of the Direct Loans generally range from 12 to 60 months. If liquidated outside of the normal course of business, the amount received may not be the carrying value.

47


7. Fair Value Disclosures (continued)

Repossessed assets are valued at the lower of the finance receivable balance prior to repossession or the estimated net realizable value of the repossessed asset. The Company estimates the net realizable value using the projected cash value upon liquidation plus insurance claims outstanding, if any.

Based on current market conditions, any new or renewed credit facility would contain pricing that approximates the Company’s current Line of Credit.Credit Facility. Based on these market conditions, the fair value of the Line of Credit Facility as of March 31, 20182021 was estimated to be equal to the book value. The interest rate for the Line of Credit Facility is a variable rate based on LIBOR pricing options.

 

   Fair Value Measurement Using
(In thousands)
         

Description

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Fair
Value
   Carrying
Value
 

Cash:

          

March 31, 2018

  $2,626   $—     $—     $2,626   $2,626 

March 31, 2017

  $2,855   $—     $—     $2,855   $2,855 

Finance receivables:

          

March 31, 2018

  $—     $—     $270,404   $270,404   $269,876 

March 31, 2017

  $—     $—     $317,205   $317,205   $317,205 

Line of credit:

          

March 31, 2018

  $—     $165,750   $—     $165,750   $165,750 

March 31, 2017

  $—     $213,000   $—     $213,000   $213,000 

 

 

Fair Value Measurement Using

(In thousands)

 

 

Fair

 

 

Carrying

 

Description

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

Value

 

 

Value

 

Cash and restricted cash:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

32,977

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

32,977

 

 

$

32,977

 

March 31, 2020

 

$

24,684

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

24,684

 

 

$

24,684

 

Finance receivables:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

170,318

 

 

$

170,318

 

 

$

170,318

 

March 31, 2020

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

199,781

 

 

$

199,781

 

 

$

199,781

 

Repossessed assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

685

 

 

$

685

 

 

$

685

 

March 31, 2020

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

1,340

 

 

$

1,340

 

 

$

1,340

 

Credit facility:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

0

 

 

$

88,300

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

88,300

 

 

$

88,300

 

March 31, 2020

 

$

0

 

 

$

126,830

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

126,830

 

 

$

126,830

 

Note payable:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 31, 2021

 

$

3,244

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

3,244

 

 

$

3,244

 

March 31, 2020

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

 

$

0

 

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company didAt each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. Management has determined that this level to be most appropriate for finance receivables, repossessed assets, and note payable shown in the table above.

53


Level 2 assets are financial assets and liabilities that do not have any assets or liabilities measured atregular market pricing, but whose fair value can be determined based on other data values or market pricing. Management has determined that this level to be most appropriate for the credit facility shown in the table above.

Level 1 assets are financial assets that have a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2018regular mark to market mechanism for setting a fair market value. These assets are considered to have readily observable, transparent prices and 2017.therefore a reliable, fair market value. Management has determined that this level to be most appropriate for cash, restricted cash, and equity investments.

8. Income Taxes

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017 and introduces significant changes to U.S. income tax law. The Tax Act includes a broad range of tax reform including changes to tax rates and deductions that were effective January 1, 2018. The decrease in the enacted corporate tax rate to be applied when our temporary differences are realized or settled ultimately resulted in aone-time revaluation of our net deferred tax asset of $3.1 million with a corresponding charge to income tax expense. The effects of the Tax Act increased income tax expense to a level that reduced net income to a net loss for both the three months ending December 31, 2017 and twelve months ending March 31, 2018.

The provision for income taxes(benefit) consists of the following for the years ended March 31:

 

   (In thousands) 
   2018   2017   2016 

Current:

      

Federal

  $1,705   $4,563   $6,964 

State

   340    724    1,054 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current

   2,045    5,287    8,018 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred:

      

Federal

   1,847    (1,688   (254

State

   369    (268   (38
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred

   2,216    (1,956   (292
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

  $4,261   $3,331   $7,726 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

48


8. Income Taxes (continued)

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

969

 

 

$

(4,440

)

State

 

 

-

 

 

 

6

 

Total current

 

 

969

 

 

 

(4,434

)

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

1,447

 

 

 

3,008

 

State

 

 

179

 

 

 

207

 

Total deferred

 

 

1,626

 

 

 

3,215

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

$

2,595

 

 

$

(1,219

)

 

The net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes are reflected in deferred income taxes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets consist of the following as of March 31:

 

 

(In thousands)

 

  (In thousands) 
  2018   2017 

Deferred Tax Assets

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Allowance for credit losses not currently deductible for tax purposes

  $5,811   $7,742 

 

$

1,647

 

 

$

2,948

 

Share-based compensation

   266    487 

 

 

125

 

 

 

320

 

Interest rate swap agreements

   —      (6

State net operating loss carryforwards

 

 

496

 

 

 

458

 

Right of use liability

 

 

826

 

 

 

462

 

Other items

   212    282 

 

 

158

 

 

 

249

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

3,252

 

 

 

4,437

 

  

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Right of use asset

 

 

832

 

 

 

457

 

Other items

 

 

137

 

 

 

71

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

969

 

 

 

528

 

Deferred income taxes

  $6,289   $8,505 

 

$

2,283

 

 

$

3,909

 

  

 

   

 

 

54


The provision for income taxestax expense (benefit) reflects an effective U.S tax rate, which differs from the corporate tax rate for the following reasons:

 

 

(In thousands)

 

  (In thousands) 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

  2018   2017   2016 

Provision for income taxes at Federal statutory rate

  $976   $3,059   $7,037 

Income tax expense (benefit) at Federal statutory rate

 

$

2,303

 

 

$

479

 

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal Fiscal Year 2020 NOL rate differential

 

 

-

 

 

 

(414

)

Federal Fiscal Year 2019 NOL rate differential

 

 

-

 

 

 

(1,362

)

State income taxes, net of Federal benefit

   491    297    660 

 

 

378

 

 

 

91

 

Tax Reform – Rate Change

   3,127    —      —   

Other

   (333   (25   29 

 

 

(86

)

 

 

(13

)

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Income tax expense

  $4,261   $3,331   $7,726 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

$

2,595

 

 

$

(1,219

)

The Company’s effective tax rate increased to 134.71%23.7% in fiscal 20182021 from 38.11%(54.3.)% in fiscal 2017.2020, resulting from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). In response to the global impacts of COVID-19 on U.S. companies and citizens, the government enacted the CARES Act on March 27, 2020. The effectiveCARES Act included several tax relief options for companies, which resulted in the following provisions available to the Company.

In May 2020, the Company elected to carryback its fiscal year 2019 net operating losses of $9.7 million to 2013, thus generating a refund of $3.5 million and an income tax benefit of $1.4 million. The tax benefit is the result of the federal income tax rate differential between the current statutory rate of 21% and the 35% rate applicable to 2013.

The Company elected to carryback its fiscal year 2020 net operating losses of $3.0 million to 2014, thus generating an anticipated refund of $1.0 million and an income tax benefit of $0.4 million. The tax benefit is the result of the federal income tax rate differential between the current statutory rate of 21% and the 35% rate applicable to 2014.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of positive evidence evaluated was 38.43%the cumulative pre-tax income over the three-year period ended March 31, 2021, cumulative pre-tax income for the next three years, and substantial federal NOL rate differentials, previously noted. As of March 31, 2021, a valuation allowance was not required. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income are reduced. Generally, NOL’s begin to expire March 31, 2039.

The Company considers the earnings of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside Canada on the basis of estimates that future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs and the Company’s specific plans for reinvestment of those subsidiary earnings. The Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability related to the Canadian income taxes and U.S. withholding taxes on approximately $152.5 million of undistributed earnings of the U.S. subsidiaries indefinitely invested outside Canada. If the Company decided to repatriate the U.S. earnings, it would need to adjust its income tax provision in fiscal 2016.the period the Company determined that the earnings will no longer be indefinitely invested outside of Canada.

9. Leases

The Company adopted a new lease accounting standard in April 2019. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” for an overview of the transition to this standard.

The Company maintains lease agreements related to its branch network and for its corporate headquarters. The branch lease agreements range from one to five years and generally contain options to extend from one to three years. The corporate headquarters lease agreement expires in April 2023 and the Company is in the process of negotiating a new lease agreement. All of the Company’s lease agreements are considered operating leases. None of the Company’s lease payments are dependent on a rate or index that may change after the commencement date, other than the passage of time.

The Company’s lease liability was $3.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and $2.7 million as of March 31, 2020. The liability is based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using a discount rate that is

55


determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on its senior revolving credit facility. The right of use asset was $3.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and $2.6 million as of March 31, 2020.

The Company has made several policy elections related to lease assets and liabilities. The Company elected to utilize the package of transition practical expedients, which includes not reassessing the following at adoption: (i) whether existing contracts contained leases, (ii) the existing classification of leases as operating or financing, or (iii) the initial direct costs of leases. In addition, the Company did not use hindsight to determine the lease term or include options to extend for leases existing at the transition date.

The Company had elected the practical expedient of combining lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases in calculating the present value of the fixed payments without having to perform an allocation between the types of lease components. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases in effect as of March 31, 2021, are as follows:

in thousands

 

 

 

 

2022

 

$

1,420

 

2023

 

 

1,053

 

2024

 

 

582

 

2025

 

 

407

 

2026

 

 

223

 

Thereafter

 

 

 

Total future minimum lease payments

 

 

3,685

 

Present value adjustment

 

 

(318

)

Operating lease liability

 

$

3,367

 

The following table reports information about the Company’s lease cost for the twelve months ended March 31:

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

2020

Lease cost:

 

 

 

 

 

Operating lease cost

 

 

$        1,530

 

$    1,777

Variable lease cost

 

 

344

 

435

Total lease cost

 

 

$        1,874

 

$    2,212

The following table reports other information about the Company’s leases for the twelve months ended March 31:

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

Other Lease Information

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating Lease - Operating Cash Flows (Fixed Payments)

 

 

$        1,593

 

 

$    1,913

 

Operating Lease - Operating Cash Flows (Liability Reduction)

 

 

$        1,193

 

 

$    1,841

 

Weighted Average Lease Term - Operating Leases

 

 

2.8 years

 

 

2.5 years

 

Weighted Average Discount Rate - Operating Leases

 

 

 

6.50

%

 

 

6.50

%

Rent expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $1.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, taking into account, when applicable, lessor incentives for tenant improvements, periods where no rent payment is required and escalations in rent payments over the term of the lease.

10. Share-Based Payments

56


The Company has share awards outstanding under twounder2 share-based compensation plans (the “Equity Plans”). The Company believes that such awards generally align the interests of its employees with those of its shareholders. Under the shareholder-approved 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) the Board of Directors was authorized to grant option awards for up to approximately 1.1 million common shares. On August 13, 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the Nicholas Financial, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) for employees andnon-employee directors. Under the 2015 Plan, the Board of Directors is authorized to grant total share awards for up to 750,000 common shares. Awards under the 2006 Plan will continue to be governed by the terms of that plan. The 2015 Plan replaced the 2006 Plan; accordingly, no additional option awards may be granted under the 2006 Plan. In addition to option awards, the 2015 Plan provides for restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and other equity-based compensation.

Option awards previously granted to employees and directors under the 2006 Plan generally vest ratably based on service over a five- and three-year period, respectively, and generally have a contractual term of ten years. Vesting and contractual terms for option awards under the 2015 Plan are essentially the same as those of the 2006 Plan. Restricted stock awards generally cliff vest over a three-year period based on service conditions. Vesting of performance units generally does not commence until the attainment of Company-wide performance goals including annual revenue growth and operating income targets. There are no post-vesting restrictions for share awards.

The Company funds share awards from authorized but unissued shares and does not purchase shares to fulfill its obligations under the Equity Plans. Cash dividends, if any, are not paid on unvested performance units or unexercised options but are paid on unvested restricted stock awards.

The Company did not grant any options during the years ended March 31, 20182021 or 2017.

49


9. Share-Based Payments (continued)

2020.

A summary of option activity under the Equity Plans as of March 31, 2018,2021, and changes during the year are presented below.

 

  (Shares and Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands) 

 

(Shares and Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands)

 

Options

  Shares   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Term

 

 

Aggregate

Intrinsic

Value

 

Outstanding at March 31, 2017

   333   $10.08     

Outstanding at March 31, 2020

 

 

62

 

 

$

11.67

 

 

 

3.13

 

 

$

-

 

Granted

   —     $—       

 

 

0

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

   (91  $5.01     

 

 

0

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

   (91  $13.21     

 

 

(7

)

 

 

11.18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

   

 

     

Outstanding at March 31, 2018

   151   $11.25    4.83   $107 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Exercisable at March 31, 2018

   201   $7.71    2.02   $514 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Outstanding at March 31, 2021

 

 

55

 

 

$

11.73

 

 

 

2.09

 

 

$

-

 

Exercisable at March 31, 2021

 

 

55

 

 

$

11.73

 

 

 

2.09

 

 

$

-

 

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended March 31, 2018, 20172021 and 20162020 was approximately $343,000, $46,500$0 and $82,000$7000, respectively.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018,2021, 0 options were exercised. During the same period, approximately 91,0007,000 options were forfeited at exercise prices ranging from $7.00 to $12.68 per share.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, approximately 2,000 options were exercised at exercise prices ranging from $3.50$1.20 to $8.44$4.18 per share. During the same period, approximately 91,0008,000 options were forfeited at exercise prices ranging from $8.21$10.87 to $14.36$12.68 per share.

Cash received from options exercised during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 20172021 and 20162020 totaled approximately $458,000, $50,000,$0 and $85,000,$5,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, there was2021, the Company had no unrecognized compensation related to options grants. For the year ended, March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively, the Company had approximately $44,000$0 and $0 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to options granted. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.

57


A summary of the status of the Company’snon-vested restricted shares under the Equity Plan as of March 31, 2018,2021, and changes during the year then ended is presented below.

 

  (Shares and Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands) 

 

(Shares and Aggregate Intrinsic Value in thousands)

 

Restricted Share Awards

  Shares   Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Grant Date

Fair Value

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Term

 

 

Aggregate

Intrinsic

Value

 

Non-vested at March 31, 2017

   90   $11.95     

Non-vested at March 31, 2020

 

 

50

 

 

$

9.65

 

 

 

1.40

 

 

 

341

 

Granted

   30   $8.45     

 

 

15

 

 

 

8.05

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested

   (7  $11.71     

 

 

(17

)

 

 

9.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

   (36  $11.01     

 

 

(7

)

 

 

9.49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

   

 

     

Non-vested at March 31, 2018

   77   $11.25    1.16   $695 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Non-vested at March 31, 2021

 

 

41

 

 

$

9.24

 

 

 

0.96

 

 

$

436

 

The Company awarded approximately 30,00015,000 restricted shares during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.2021. There are no performance shares included within the 30,00015,000 restricted shares granted that resulted from the Company meeting a performance threshold. During the same period there were approximately 36,0007,000 restricted shares forfeited. With the adoption of ASU2016-09 on January 1, 2017, wethe Company no longer reducereduces stock-based compensation by estimated forfeitures. Instead we accountthe Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur. For any vesting tranche of an award, the cumulative amount of compensation cost recognized is at least equal to the portion of thegrant-date grant‑date value of the award tranche that is actually vested at that date.

As of March 31, 2018,2021, there was approximately $321,000$132,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related tonon-vested restricted share awards granted under the Equity Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.560.96 years.

50


10.11. Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has a 401(k)-retirement plan under which all employees are eligible to participate. Employee contributions are voluntary and subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations. The Company did not make a discretionary matching employee contribution. The Board willre-evaluate the Company’s matching policy for plan year 20192021 later in the year.

11.12. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company leases corporate and branch offices under operating lease agreements which provide for annual minimum rental payments as follows:

Fiscal Year Ending March 31

  (In thousands) 

2019

  $1,984 

2020

   1,160 

2021

   303 

2022

   44 

2023

   11 
  

 

 

 
  $3,502 
  

 

 

 

Rent expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was approximately $2.3, $2.4, and $2.3 million respectively. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, taking into account, when applicable, lessor incentives for tenant improvements, periods where no rent payment is required and escalations in rent payments over the term of the lease.

The Company currently is not a party to any pending legal proceedings other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business, none of which, if decided adversely to the Company, would, in the opinion of management, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

13. Variable Interest Entity

In March 2019, the Company entered into a new senior secured credit facility collateralized by customer financed receivables by transferring the receivables into a bankruptcy-remote variable interest entity (VIE). Under the terms of the transaction, all cash collections and other cash proceeds of the customer receivables go first to the servicer and the holders of the asset-backed notes, and then to the residual equity holder. The Company retained the servicing of the portfolio and receives a monthly fee of 2.5% (annualized) based on the outstanding balance of the financed receivables, and the Company currently holds all of the residual equity. In addition, the Company, rather than the VIE, will retain certain credit insurance income together with certain recoveries related to credit insurance and on charge-offs of the financed receivables, which will continue to be reflected as a reduction of net charge-offs on a consolidated basis for as long as the Company consolidates the VIE.

58


The Company consolidated the VIE’s when the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE and it has the obligation to absorb losses and has the right to receive residual returns is significant. The Company determined it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.

The assets of the VIE serve as collateral for the obligations of the VIE. The lender has 0 recourse to assets outside of the VIE.

 

51The following table presents the assets and liabilities held by the VIE (for legal purposes, the assets and the liabilities of the VIE will remain distinct from the Company):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2021

 

2020

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted cash

$

10,955

 

$

7,882

 

Finance receivables, net

 

150,706

 

 

165,966

 

Repossessed assets

 

631

 

 

1,277

 

Total assets

$

162,292

 

$

175,125

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit facility, net of debt issuance costs

$

86,154

 

$

124,255

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

405

 

 

597

 

Total liabilities

$

86,559

 

$

124,852

 

14. Stock Plans

In May 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) authorized a new stock repurchase program allowing for the repurchase of up to $8.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or through other structures in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The authorization was effective immediately.

The timing and actual number of sharers will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements and other market and economic conditions. The Company’s stock repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

In August 2019, the Company’s Board authorized additional repurchase of up to $1.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares.

The table below summarizes treasury share transactions under the Company’s stock repurchase program.

 

 

Twelve months ended March 31,

(In thousands)

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

 

 

Number of Shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

Number of Shares

 

 

Amount

 

Treasury shares at the beginning of period

 

 

4,833

 

 

$

(71,438

)

 

 

4,714

 

 

$

(70,459

)

Treasury shares purchased

 

 

112

 

 

 

(905

)

 

 

119

 

 

 

(979

)

Treasury shares at the end of period

 

 

4,945

 

 

$

(72,343

)

 

 

4,833

 

 

$

(71,438

)

15. Subsequent Events

Paycheck Protection Program: On May 27, 2020, the Company obtained a loan in the amount of $3,243,900 from a bank in connection with the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”). Pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program, all or a portion of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if the Company uses the proceeds of the PPP Loan for its payroll costs and other expenses in accordance with the requirements of the Paycheck Protection Program. The Company used the proceeds of the PPP Loan for payroll

59


12.costs and other covered expenses and sought full forgiveness of the PPP Loan, but there can be no assurance that the Company will obtain any forgiveness of the PPP Loan. The Company submitted the forgiveness application to Fifth Third Bank, the lender, on December 7, 2020 and submitted supplemental documentation on January 16, 2021. Currently the application is pending SBA decision. Therefore, per the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, P.L. 116-142, all loan payments are deferred while the Company awaits the SBA’s decision on loan forgiveness.  If the PPP Loan is not fully forgiven, the Company will remain liable for the full and punctual payment of the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Unless forgiven, the outstanding principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest (accruing at the rate of 1.00% per annum) is due on May 22, 2022. The PPP Loan is unsecured. The PPP Loan may be prepaid at any time prior to maturity with 0 prepayment penalties. The related promissory note contains events of default and other provisions customary for a loan of this type.

Share Repurchases: For the period April 1, 2021 through June 17, 2021, the Company repurchased an additional 40,110 shares of our common stock for $433 thousand at an average price of $10.63 per share.

COVID-19: The Company has discussed COVID-19 throughout the 10-K, including but not limited, to forward-looking information, Item 1. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

16. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

 

  Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands, except earnings per share amounts)
 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2021

(In thousands, except earnings per share amounts)

 

  First
Quarter
   Second
Quarter
   Third
Quarter
   Fourth
Quarter
 

 

First

Quarter

 

 

Second

Quarter

 

 

Third

Quarter

 

 

Fourth

Quarter

 

Total revenue

  $22,198   $21,338   $20,526   $19,855 

 

$

14,151

 

 

$

14,109

 

 

$

14,474

 

 

$

13,286

 

Interest expense

   2,455    2,443    2,585    2,654 

 

 

1,649

 

 

 

1,569

 

 

 

1,442

 

 

 

1,320

 

Provision for credit losses

   9,752    10,146    8,989    8,563 

 

 

3,300

 

 

 

3,050

 

 

 

650

 

 

 

250

 

Non-interest expense

   8,679    8,185    8,138    8,165 

 

 

7,343

 

 

 

8,131

 

 

 

7,407

 

 

 

8,963

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Operating income before income taxes

   1,312    564    814    473 

 

 

1,859

 

 

 

1,359

 

 

 

4,975

 

 

 

2,753

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

   500    220    3,712    (171
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $812   $344   $(2,898  $644 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Income tax expense

 

 

429

 

 

 

92

 

 

 

1,190

 

 

 

884

 

Net income

 

$

1,430

 

 

$

1,267

 

 

$

3,785

 

 

$

1,869

 

Earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

  $0.10   $0.04   $(0.37  $0.08 

 

$

0.18

 

 

$

0.16

 

 

$

0.49

 

 

$

0.24

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Diluted

  $0.10   $0.04   $(0.37  $0.08 

 

$

0.18

 

 

$

0.16

 

 

$

0.49

 

 

$

0.24

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2017
(In thousands, except earnings per share amounts)
 
  First
Quarter
   Second
Quarter
   Third
Quarter
   Fourth
Quarter
 

Total revenue

  $22,915   $22,647   $22,044   $22,860 

Interest expense

   2,244    2,243    2,258    2,477 

Provision for credit losses

   7,026    8,144    8,796    13,211 

Non-interest expense (benefit)

   8,939    9,102    8,403    8,883 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Operating income before income taxes

   4,706    3,158    2,587    (1,711

Income tax expense (benefit)

   1,803    1,188    981    (641
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net income (loss)

  $2,903   $1,970   $1,606   $(1,070
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Basic

  $0.37   $0.25   $0.21   $(0.14
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Diluted

  $0.37   $0.25   $0.21   $(0.14
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 

 

Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2020

(In thousands, except earnings per share amounts)

 

 

 

First

Quarter

 

 

Second

Quarter

 

 

Third

Quarter

 

 

Fourth

Quarter

 

Total revenue

 

$

16,641

 

 

$

15,585

 

 

$

14,973

 

 

$

14,896

 

Interest expense

 

 

2,488

 

 

 

2,298

 

 

 

1,886

 

 

 

1,843

 

Provision for credit losses

 

 

4,385

 

 

 

4,000

 

 

 

4,597

 

 

 

3,919

 

Non-interest expense

 

 

8,971

 

 

 

8,927

 

 

 

7,950

 

 

 

8,584

 

Operating income before income taxes

 

 

797

 

 

 

360

 

 

 

540

 

 

 

550

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

206

 

 

 

92

 

 

 

229

 

 

 

(1,746

)

Net income

 

$

591

 

 

$

268

 

 

$

311

 

 

$

2,296

 

Earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.07

 

 

$

0.03

 

 

$

0.04

 

 

$

0.31

 

Diluted

 

$

0.07

 

 

$

0.03

 

 

$

0.04

 

 

$

0.31

 

None.60


Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure information required to be disclosed in its reports filed pursuant toor submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Such information isforms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including ourthe Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible error and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2018.2021. Based upon this evaluation, ourthe Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2018. Notwithstanding the material weakness described in 2021.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting below, the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates, and

52


Item 9A. Controls and Procedures (continued)

for the periods presented, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended March 31, 2018, and 2017, and its report herein expressed an unqualified opinion.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018,2021, the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, based on the criteria set forth inInternal Control-Integrated Framework(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of March 31, 2018 as a result of a material weakness. A material weakness is a deficiency or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement2021.

No Attestation Report of the registrant’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, management identified the following internal control deficiencies that in combination represent a material weakness:

1)As previously reported, the Company experienced significant management turnover in the year ended March 31, 2018. This turnover included the Chief Executive Officer and, in the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Chief Financial Officer and the Controller. All three of these positions have significant roles in the structure of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Due to this turnover, the Company was unable to maintain consistent internal control processes, testing and documentation at a level necessary to enable management to assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018.

2)During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, management identified certain loans classified asnon-performing assets that were beyond 180 days past due and had not been charged off in accordance with policies and procedures for such assets. As a result, the Company wrote off approximately $800,000 with respect to such loans during the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Had such loans been charged off on a timely basis, the effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows would not have been material.

3)During the quarter and fiscal year ending March 31, 2018 close procedures relating to the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, errors were detected within the calculation model that were discovered by our external auditors. Due to the complexity of our allowance for credit losses model and the significant turnover within the group responsible for the calculation and review controls, the error was not detected by our internal control structure.

Notwithstanding the material weakness, the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates, and for the periods presented, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Remedial Actions

The Company has taken the following remedial actions to address the material weakness:

The Company hired a permanent Controller at the end of March 2018, and to assist withyear-end close and the preparation of its consolidated financial statements, engaged on a temporary basis an external accounting and financial reporting advisor.

Management has reviewed and strengthened the Company’s operational controls and has assessed the methodology and calculations of the allowance for credit losses and concluded that its methodology and calculations are sound.

The Company has clarified within its special assets group the policies and procedures to be followed regarding items classified asnon-performing assets to ensure the timely recognition of any related losses.

The Company has hired a permanent Chief Financial Officer with experience serving as CFO and director of public companies, including a company in the consumer credit space, who has assumed her role as of the Company’s CFO effective June 20, 2018.

53


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (continued)

With the arrival of the permanent Chief Financial Officer, the Company will undergo a review of its internal control policies and procedures, and make changes if deemed necessary, to ensure items noted above in numbers 1 and 3 of Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting are in place and operating as intended.

Management believes the foregoing efforts will effectively remediate the material weakness. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve internal control over financial reporting, management may determine to take additional measures to address control deficiencies or determine to modify or supplement the remediation plan described above. We cannot assure you, however, when we will remediate such weakness, nor can we be certain of whether additional actions will be required or the costs of any such actions.

Attestation report of the registered public accounting firmIndependent Registered Public Accounting Firm

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Remediation of Previously Reported Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, the Company reported that its internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of March 31, 2020, as a result of two material weaknesses. A material weakness is a deficiency or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the registrant’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, the Company reported two material weaknesses for the year ended March 31, 2020:

1)

Lack of Comprehensive Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Compliance Program

61


Deficiencies were identified in key activities which prevented the Company from achieving full compliance with Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

2)

Test of Design Effectiveness

Starting in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company identified several design gaps and design control deficiencies across multiple business processes and information technology general controls, which impacted the testing of operating effectiveness.

The Company has taken the following remedial actions to address the material weaknesses:

The Company identified key activities to establish a comprehensive SOX Compliance Program, including but not limited to planning and scoping activities, enterprise risk assessment, and initial reporting, which were completed during the first half of fiscal 2021.

The Company started the test of design effectiveness in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and completed these activities during October 2020, which the Company believes provided adequate time for remediation activities before testing of operating effectiveness.

The Company tested operating effectiveness during the second half of fiscal 2021, including reporting and aggregation of all control deficiencies, including evaluation of them individually and in the aggregate.

Management concluded that the remedial actions above were in place and operating effectively for a sufficient period of time during fiscal 2021 to conclude that the material weaknesses have been remediated as of March 31, 2021. As management continues to evaluate and work to improve the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, additional or different measures may be taken to address control deficiencies with the overall objective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 20182021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, except as identified in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reportingdisclosed above.

54


Item 9B. Other Information

Effective June 20, 2018 (the “Effective Date”), Kelly M. Malson commenced her role as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer in accordance with the terms of her employment agreement with the Company, dated as of May 29, 2018. Chad Steinorth resigned from his position as interim Chief Financial Officer as of the Effective Date, and remains employed by the Company in other functions.None

62


PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The relevant information to be set forth in the definitive Proxy Statement and Information Circular for the 201820172021 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of the Company (the “Proxy Statement”), is incorporated herein by reference.

The Company has adopted a written code of ethics applicable to its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code of ethics is posted on the Company’s web site atwww.nicholasfinancial.com. Anyone who wishes to receive a written copy of the code of ethics may receive one without charge by submitting a request in writing to Corporate Secretary, Nicholas Financial, Inc., 2454 McMullen Booth Road, Building C, Clearwater, Florida 33759. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form8-K regarding amendments to, or waivers from, the code of ethics by posting such information on the Company’s web site atwww.nicholasfinancial.com. The Company is not including the information contained on or available through its web site as a part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this Report.

Item 11. Executive Compensation, Compensation Interlocks and Insider Participation

The relevant information to be set forth in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans /

The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 31, 2018,2021, with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities of the Company were authorized for issuance:

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

(In thousands, except exercise price)

 

Plan Category

  Number of Securities to
be Issued Upon Exercise
of Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
   Weighted – Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
   Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a))
 

 

Number of

Securities to

be Issued Upon

Exercise of

Outstanding

Options, Warrants

and Rights

 

 

Weighted –

Average

Exercise Price of

Outstanding

Options, Warrants

and Rights

 

 

Number of Securities

Remaining Available

for Future Issuance

Under Equity

Compensation Plans

(Excluding Securities

Reflected in Column (a))

 

  (a)   (b)   (c) 

 

(a)

 

 

(b)

 

 

(c)

 

Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders

   151   $11.25    670 

 

 

55

 

 

$

11.73

 

 

 

662

 

Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders

   None    Not Applicable    None 

 

None

 

 

Not Applicable

 

 

None

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

TOTAL

   151   $11.25    670 

 

 

55

 

 

$

11.73

 

 

 

662

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

The relevant information to be set forth in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

The relevant information to be set forth in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The relevant information to be set forth in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

63

55


PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:

(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Report:

(1)Financial Statements

(1)Financial Statements

See Part II, Item 8, of this Report.

(2)Financial Statement Schedules

(2)Financial Statement Schedules

All financial schedules are omitted as the required information is not applicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

(3)Exhibits
(3)Exhibits

 

56


Exhibit No.

Description

3.1

  3.1

Articles of Nicholas Financial, Inc. (1)

3.2

Notice of Articles of Nicholas Financial, Inc. (2)

  4

4.1

Form of Common Stock Certificate (3)

10.1

4.2

Second AmendedDescription of the Registrant’s Securities (4)

10.1-10.11

[Reserved.]

10.12

Credit Agreement dated as of March 29, 2019 by and Restated Loanamong NF Funding I, LLC, Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders that are party thereto (5)

10.13

Consent and First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 19, 2019 by and amount NF Funding, LLC, Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders that are party thereto (6)

10.14

Receivables Purchase Agreement dates as of March 29,2019 by and between NF Funding I, LLC and Nicholas Financial, Inc. (7)

10.15

Servicing Agreement dates as of March 29,2019 by and among Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent, NF Funding I, LLC and Nicholas Financial, Inc. (8)

10.16

Limited Guaranty dated as of March 29, 2019 by Nicholas Financial, Inc. in favor of Ares Agent Services, L.P., as administrative agent and collateral agent (9)

10.17

Security Agreement dated as of January  12, 2010,March 29, 2019 by and among Nicholas Financial Inc., a Florida corporation, Bank of America, N.A.between NF Funding I, LLC, Ares Agent Services, L.P., as collateral agent and each of the Lenders parties thereto (4)(10)

10.2

10.21

Amendment No. 1,Note dated asMay 27, 2020 by the Company in favor of September  1, 2011, to Second AmendedFifth Third Bank (11)

10.22.1

Purchase and Restated Loan and SecuritySale Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2010,December 11, 2019, by and among Nicholas Financial Inc., a Florida corporation, Bankbetween Platinum Auto Finance of America, N.A., as agent, and each of the Lenders parties thereto (5)Tampa Bay, LLC (12)

10.3

10.22.2

Amendment No. 2, dated as of December  21, 2012, to Second AmendedPurchase and Restated Loan and SecuritySale Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2010,30, 2020, by and among Nicholas Financial Inc., a Florida corporation, Bankbetween Platinum Auto Finance of America, N.A., as agent, and each of the Lenders parties thereto (6)Tampa Bay, LLC (13)

10.4

10.22.3

Amendment No. 3, dated as of November  14, 2014, to Second AmendedPurchase and Restated Loan and SecuritySale Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2010,February 20, 2020, by and among Nicholas Financial, Inc., a Florida corporation, Bankbetween Platinum Auto Finance of America, N.A., as agent, and each of the Lenders parties thereto (7)Tampa Bay, LLC (14)

10.5

10.23

Amendment No. 4, dated as of January  30, 2015, to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2010, by and among Nicholas Financial, Inc., a Florida corporation, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and each of the Lenders parties thereto (8)

10.6Amendment No. 5, dated as of December  30, 2016, to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2010, by and among Nicholas Financial, Inc., a Florida corporation, Bank of America, N.A., as agent, and each of the Lenders parties thereto (9)
10.7Nicholas Financial, Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan (10)*
10.8Nicholas Financial, Inc.Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (11)*
10.9Nicholas Financial, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (12)(15) *

10.10

10.24

Form of Nicholas Financial, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan Stock Option Award (13)(16) *

10.11

10.25

Form of Nicholas Financial, Inc. 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award (14)(17) *

64


10.12

10.26

Form of Nicholas Financial, Inc.Inc 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan Performance Share Award (15)(18) *

10.13

10.27

ISDA MasterEmployment Agreement between the Company and Douglas W. Marohn, dated as of March 30, 1999, between Bank of America, N.A. and Nicholas Financial, Inc. (16)July 8, 2020 (19) *

10.14

10.27

LetterEmployment Agreement between the Company and Irina Nashtatik, dated June 4, 2012, and effective June  13, 2012, by and between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Bankas of America, N.A. relating to interest-rate swap transaction (17)July 7, 2020 (20) *

10.15

10.29

Letter Agreement, dated June 30, 2012, and effective August  13, 2012, by and between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A. relating to interest-rate swap transaction (18)

10.16Amendment No. 6 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated June  20, 2017, among Nicholas Financial, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., and each of the Lenders party thereto (19)
10.17Employment Agreement, dated July 26, 2017, between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Kevin D. Bates (20)*
10.18Employment Agreement, dated July 26, 2017, between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Katie L. MacGillivary (21)*
10.19Separation and Release of Claims Agreement, dated July 26, 2017, between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Ralph T. Finkenbrink (22)*
10.20Waiver and Amendment No. 7 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated November  8, 2017, among Nicholas Financial, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., and the Lenders party thereto (23)
10.21Employment Agreement, dated December 12, 2017, between Nicholas Financial Inc. and Douglas Marohn (24)*
10.22Form of Dealer Agreement and Schedule thereto listing dealers that are parties to such agreements (28)(21)

10.23

21

Waiver and Amendment No.  8 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 30, 2018, among Nicholas Financial Inc., Bank of America, N.A., and the Lenders thereto (25)

10.24

Employment Agreement, dated May  29, 2018, between Nicholas Financial, Inc. and Kelly M. Malson (26)*

21Subsidiaries of Nicholas Financial, Inc. (27)

23

23.1

Consent of Dixon Hughes GoodmanRSM, LLP

24

Powers of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)

57


  31.1

31.1

Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350

32.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350

101.INSXBRL Instance Document
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104.The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2021, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

*

Represents a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which a director or named executive officer of the Company participated.

(1)

Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Company’s Proxy Statement and Information Circular for the 2006 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders filed with the SEC on June 30, 2006 (FileNo. 0-26680).2006.

(2)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on FormS-8 filed with the SEC on May 24, 2007 (SEC FileNo. 0-26680).2007.

(3)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, as filed with the SEC on June 29, 2004.

(4)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Quarterly Report on Form10-Q/A for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2009, as filed with the SEC on March 23, 2010.

(5)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2011, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2011.
(6)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.134.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013,2020, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2013.22, 2020.

(7)

(5)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated November 14, 2014,March 29, 2019, as filed with the SEC on November 18, 2014.April 1, 2019.

(8)

(6)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the SEC on February 9, 2015.
(9)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated January 11, 2017,August 16, 2019, as filed with the SEC on January 11, 2017.August 19, 2019.

(10)

(7)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 410.2 to the Company’s Registration StatementCurrent Report on FormS-8 8-K, dated March 29, 2019, as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.

(8)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2019, as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.

65


(9)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2019, as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.

(10)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2019, as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2019.

(11)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 4, 2020, as filed with the SEC on June 30, 1999 (SEC FileNo. 333-81967).6, 2020.

(11)

(12)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 410.22.1 to the Company’s Registration StatementAnnual Report on FormS-8 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on June 30, 1999 (SEC FileNo. 333-81961).22, 2020.

(12)

(13)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on June 22, 2020.

(14)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on June 22, 2020.

(15)

Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement and Information Circular for the 2015 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, as filed with the SEC on July 6, 2015.

(13)

(16)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2016.

(14)

(17)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2016.

(15)

(18)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2016.

(16)

(19)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Amendment No. 210.2 to the Company’s Registration StatementCurrent Report on FormS-2 (Reg.No. 333-113215), 8-K, dated July 7, 2020, as filed with the SEC on April 7, 2004July 9, 2020.

(17)

(20)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2013.
(18)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 2013.
(19)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated August 1, 2017,July 7, 2020, as filed with the SEC on August 1, 2017.July 9, 2020.

(20)

(21)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated August 1, 2017, as filed with the SEC on August 1, 2017.
(21)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated August 1, 2017, as filed with the SEC on August 1, 2017.
(22)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated August 1, 2017, as filed with the SEC on August 1, 2017.

58


(23)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2017.
(24)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated December 11, 2017, as filed with the SEC on December 11, 2017.
(25)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated April 4, 2018, as filed with the SEC on April 4, 2018.
(26)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form8-K, dated May 30, 2018, as filed with the SEC on May 30, 2018.
(27)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, as filed with the SEC on June 29, 2004.
(28)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC on June 14, 20172017.

66


59


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

NICHOLAS FINANCIAL, INC.

Dated: June 27, 201822, 2021

By:

/s/ Douglas Marohn

Douglas Marohn

President and Chief Executive Officer

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTSthat each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Douglas Marohn, his or her true and lawfulattorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution,re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto saidattorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that saidattorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

Title

SignatureTitle

Date

 

 

 

/s/ Douglas Marohn

Douglas Marohn

President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

June 27, 201822, 2021

Douglas Marohn

/s/ Kelly M. Malson

Kelly M. MalsonIrina Nashtatik

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

June 27, 2018

22, 2021

/s/ Robin Hastings

Robin HastingsIrina Nashtatik

Chairman of the Board of DirectorsJune 27, 2018

/s/ Jeffrey C. Royal

Chairman of the Board of Directors

June 22, 2021

Jeffrey C. Royal

DirectorJune 27, 2018

/s/ Robin Hastings

Director

June 22, 2021

Robin Hastings

/s/ Adam K. Peterson

Director

June 22, 2021

Adam K. Peterson

DirectorJune 27, 2018

/s/ Jeremy Q. Zhu

Director

June 22, 2021

Jeremy Q. Zhu

Director

June 27, 2018

 

6067