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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
10-K
 
 
(Mark One)
 
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20202023
OR
 
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from
to
Commission file no:
001-36409
 
 
CITY OFFICE REIT, INC.
 
 
 
Maryland
 
98-1141883
(State or other jurisdiction
(IRS Employer
of incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
666 Burrard Street
Suite 3210
Vancouver,
BC
V6C 2X8
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (604)
806-3366
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of Each Class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
6.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
“CIO”
“CIO.PrA”
 
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes
 ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T
(§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filterfiler  ☐  Accelerated filterfiler  ☒
Non-accelerated
filterfiler		  ☐  Smaller reporting company  ☐
    Emerging Growth Company  ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  Yes ☒ No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to
§240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2020,2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by
non-affiliates
of the registrant was approximately $427.6$214.9 million, based on the closing sales price of $10.06$5.57 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.
As of February 19, 2021,16, 2024, the registrant had 43,397,11740,154,055 shares of common stock outstanding.
Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 20212024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year end) are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form
10-K
in response to Part II, Item 5 and Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
 
 
 
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CITY OFFICE REIT, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM
10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20202023
Table of Contents
 
    
 
Page
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
   13 
PART I
   35 
ITEM 1.
  BUSINESS   35 
ITEM 1A.
  RISK FACTORS   79 
ITEM 1B.
  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS   3639 
ITEM 1C.
CYBERSECURITY   39
ITEM 2.
  PROPERTIES   3741 
ITEM 3.
  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS   3943 
ITEM 4.
  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES   3943 
PART II
   4044 
ITEM 5.
  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES   4044 
ITEM 6.
  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA[RESERVED]   4246 
ITEM 7.
  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   4447 
ITEM 7A.
  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK   5560 
ITEM 8.
  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA   5660 
ITEM 9.
  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE   5660 
ITEM 9A.
  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES   5660 
ITEM 9B.
  OTHER INFORMATION   5761 
ITEM 9C.
  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS61
PART III
   5862 
ITEM 10.
  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE   5862 
ITEM 11.
  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION   5862 
ITEM 12.
  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS   5862 
ITEM 13.
  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE   5862 
ITEM 14.
  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES   5862 
PART IV
   5862 
ITEM 15.
  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES   5862
ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY96 
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form
10-K
contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are included throughout this Annual Report on Form
10-K,
including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” and relate to matters such as our industry, business strategy, goals and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, capital expenditures, financial condition, liquidity, capital resources, cash flows, results of operations and other financial and operating information. We have used the words “approximately,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “hypothetical,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will” and similar terms and phrases to identify forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
All of our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we are expecting, including:
 
adverse economic or real estate developments in the office sector or the markets in which we operate;
 
increased interest rates, any resulting increase in financing or operating costs, the impact of inflation and a stall in economic growth or an economic recession;
changes in local, regional, national and international economic conditions, including as a result of the ongoing
COVID-19recent pandemics or any future epidemics or pandemics;
pandemic;
 
requests from tenants for rent deferrals, rent abatement or relief from other contractual obligations, or a failure
the extent to pay rent, as a result of changes in business behavior stemming from the ongoing
COVID-19which “work-from-home” and hybrid work policies continue;
pandemic or the availability of government assistance programs;
 
our inability to compete effectively;
 
our inability to collect rent from tenants or renew tenants’ leases on attractive terms if at all;
our dependence upon significant tenants, bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or a significant number of small tenants or borrowers, or defaults on or
non-renewal
of leases by tenants;
 
demand for and market acceptance of our properties for rental purposes, including as a result of near-term market fluctuations or long-term trends that result in an overall decrease in the demand for office space;
 
defaults on or
non-renewal
of leases by tenants, including as a result of the ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic;
increased interest rates and any resulting increase in financing or operating costs;
decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates, including as a result of the ongoing
COVID-19rates;
pandemic;
 
our failure to obtain necessary financing or access the capital markets on favorable terms or at all;
 
changes in the availability of acquisition opportunities;
 
availability of qualified personnel;
 
our inability to successfully complete real estate acquisitions or dispositions on the terms and timing we expect, or at all;
 
our failure to successfully operate acquired properties and operations;
 
changes in our business, financing or investment strategy or the markets in which we operate;
 
our failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness;
 
environmental uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters;
 
our failure to qualify and maintain our statusqualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”); for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
 
government approvals, actions and initiatives, including the need for compliance with environmental requirements or actions in response to the
COVID-19requirements;
pandemic;
 
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outcome of claims and litigation involving or affecting us;
 
financial market fluctuations;
 
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changes in real estate, taxation and zoning laws and other legislation and government activity and changes to real property tax rates and the taxation of REITs in general; and
 
additional factors discussed under the sections captioned “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.”
The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form
10-K
are based on historical performance and management’s current plans, estimates and expectations in light of information currently available to us and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to the factors, risks and uncertainties described above, changes in global, regional or local political, economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors described in “Risk Factors,” many of which are beyond our control. We believe that these factors include those described in “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary in material respects from what we may have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution that you should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Annual Report on Form
10-K
speaks only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable securities laws.
 
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PART I
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We are an internally-managed corporation organized in the state of Maryland on November 26, 2013 focused on owning, operating and acquiring high-quality office properties located in
“18-hour
cities”predominantly in the Southern and Western United States.Sun Belt markets. Our target markets possess a number of attractive demographic and employment characteristics that we believe will lead to capital appreciation and growth in rental income at our properties.properties over time. Our senior management team has extensive industry relationships and a proven track record in executing this strategy, which we believe provides a competitive advantage to our stockholders. We have elected to be taxed, and intend to continue to qualify, to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We believe that the vibrant characteristics of our target markets offerand the opportunityquality of our portfolio positions us for attractive, long-term risk-adjusted returns due to the following characteristics: growing populations with above averagereturns. The cities in which we operate provide a high-quality standard of living, strong population and employment growth forecasts, a large number of government offices, large international, national and regional employers across diversified industries,
low-cost
centers for business operations, proximity to large universitiestrends and a high qualitydepth and diversity of life.local economies. Within our target markets, we focus primarily on Class Aacquiring properties that are well located, highly amenitized and B properties with a purchase price between $25 millionpositioned for long-term leasing success and $100 million.value creation. We believe that we have a competitive advantage in acquiring these properties inacross our target markets becausedue to the strength of our existing portfolio holdings, our local relationships prior transaction experience and reduced competition from large institutional investors in our typical transaction size.proven track record of execution.
Our senior management team has extensive experience in real estate markets and is made up of James Farrar, our Chief Executive Officer, Gregory Tylee, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and Anthony Maretic, our Chief Financial Officer, each with over 20 years of experience. We internally asset manage our properties but use local firms for property management and leasing in our markets to benefit from their local market knowledge, efficient operations and existing infrastructure.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we owned 6558 office buildings with a total of approximately 5.85.7 million square feet of net rentable area (“NRA”) in the metropolitan areas of Dallas, Denver, Orlando, Phoenix, Portland, Raleigh, San Diego, Seattle and Tampa. We believe that our properties are high qualityhigh-quality assets that provide excellent access to transportation options, are located near affluent neighborhoods, contain extensive amenities and are well-maintained. We also believe that our properties have a stable and diverse tenant profile, including federal and state governmental agencies and national and regional businesses. As of December 31, 2020,2023, our portfolio was approximately 90.5%84.5% occupied. Our occupied leases have staggered expirations and a weighted average remaining lease term to maturity of 4.54.6 years as of December 31, 2020. The majority of our leases are full service gross leases pursuant to which our tenants reimburse us for operating expenses, property taxes and insurance in excess of a base amount. This structure helps insulate us from increases in certain operating expenses and provides a more predictable cash flow.2023. Our leases typically include rent escalation provisions designed to provide annual growth in our rental income.income as well as an ability to pass through cost escalations to our tenants.
For further information on our target markets and the composition of our tenant base, see “Item 2—Properties.”
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Business Objectives and Growth Strategies
Our principal business objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation. We believe the following strategies will help us achieve our business objective and continue to distinguish us from other owners and operators of office properties in our markets:
Drive Value Creation and Earnings per Share Growth:
We evaluate a range of strategies to create per share growth, including at the property level and through prudent capital allocation. In addition to driving rental revenue through strategic leasing, we also evaluate the opportunity to harvest value through dispositions and accretive redeployment of capital. We also evaluate and have executed prior share repurchase programs to buy back our shares at what we believe are significant discounts to their inherent value.
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Drive Cash Flow Increases through Rent Growth:
Our leases typically provide for contractual increases in base rental rates. These rental escalations are expected to result in predictable increases in rental revenues for us over time. We will continue to seek to include contractual rent escalators in future leases to further facilitate predictable growth in rental income. In circumstances where
in-place
rental rates are below market rental rates, we will aim to capture increases in cash flow by increasing rents to market, particularly in our life science portfolio.market.
Lease Currently Vacant Space and Complete Strategic Lease Renewals:
As of December 31, 2020,2023, our portfolio was approximately 90.5%84.5% occupied, and we believe that there is potential to generate additional rental income by leasing space in these properties that is currently unoccupied. We believe we have been successful in enhancing the appeal of vacant spaces by completing improvements to vacant leasable space, creating or improving building amenities and renovating common areas. We also seek to create stable, long-term cash flow through strategic lease renewals at market rental rates.
Drive Earnings per Share Growth:
We evaluate a range of strategies to create per share growth, including at the property level and through prudent capital allocation. In addition to driving rental revenue through strategic leasing, we also evaluate the opportunity to harvest value through dispositions and accretive redeployment of capital. We also evaluate and have executed share repurchase programs to buy back our shares at what we believe are significant discounts to their inherent value to enhance earnings per share.
Acquire Properties in Our Target Markets:
We seek to expand our portfolio through acquisitions of office properties primarily located predominantly in our target
18-hour
cities.vibrant Sun Belt markets. We believe that relatively low levelsexpanding the depth of competition from institutional buyersour portfolio in our typical transaction size create attractive investment opportunities for the acquisitionmarkets and adding new strategic markets with similar characteristics creates economies of office properties
in our target markets.scale and builds a more desirable portfolio. We also use our management team’s market-specific knowledge as well as the expertise of our local real estate operators and our investment partners to identify acquisitions that we believe offer cash flow stability and long-term value enhancement.creation opportunities.
Leverage Strong Relationships of Our Management Team:
Our senior management team has extensive relationships within our markets, including with real estate owners, developers, operators and brokers. We have strong relationships with our local third-party real estate operators, whichproperty and leasing managers who typically manage or leaseoperate a large number of properties in the submarkets and markets where our properties are located, providing economies of scale and local market insight. In addition, our management team has strong lending relationships with various banks and insurance companies.
Implement ImprovementsProperty Enhancements and Cost-Saving Initiatives:
We actively pursue opportunities to enhance our properties through capital improvements initiatives to position them optimally within their competitive set. These improvements include creating
ready-to-lease
spec suites at certain of our properties to enhance leasing appeal. We also pursue cost reduction initiatives such as eliminating redundant or unnecessary expenses and engaging property tax appeal specialistsuse our scale to lower property tax costs, and make an ongoing effort to increase expense recoveries from tenants on new and renewed leases.generate operating synergies.
20202023 Highlights
 
Completed 1.0 millionapproximately 599,000 square feet of new and renewal leasing;
 
Completed significant leasing transactions at our Sorrento Mesa property in San Diego, our Denver Tech property in Denver and our Lake Vista Pointe property in Dallas, allIncreased the total authorized borrowings of which are expectedthe unsecured credit facility (the “Unsecured Credit Facility”) from $350 million to generate significant increases in base rental revenue;
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Collected over 99% of 2020 contractual base rent;
Repurchased an aggregate 11,363,851 shares of common stock at an average gross price of $8.80 per share for a total cost of approximately $100.0$375 million;
 
Closed the disposition of 7.8 acres of land at Circle Point in Denver, Colorado for $6.5 million;Completed loan renewals on two property loans, extending each maturity date by five years;
 
Entered into a contract for the sale
Continued construction and leasing of the Cherry Creek property in Denver, Colorado for $95.0 million, which closed subsequent to
year-end;high-quality spec suites and successfully executed numerous renovation projects; and
and
 
Declared and paid an aggregate of $0.60 of dividends per share of common stock.Actively positioned Company properties to maximize overall corporate value.
Competition
We compete with other REITs (both public and private), public and private real estate companies, private real estate investors and lenders, both domestic and foreign, in acquiring properties. We also face competition in leasing or subleasing available properties to prospective tenants.
We believe that our management’s experience and relationships in, and local knowledge of, the markets in which we operate put us at a competitive advantage when seeking acquisitions. However, some of our
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competitors have greater resources than we do, or may have a more flexible capital structure when seeking to finance acquisitions. We also face competition in leasing or subleasing available properties to prospective tenants. Some real estate operators may be willing to enter into leases at lower contractual rental rates. However, we believe that the quality of our intensiveproperties, the high caliber of our local management servicesteams and our active property reinvestment strategy are attractive to tenants and serve as a competitive advantage.
Segment and Geographic Financial Information
During 2020,2023, we had one reportable segment, our office properties segment. For information about our office property revenues and long-lived assets and other financial information, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations.”Operations” in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Environmental Matters
A wide variety of environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations affect our properties. These complex laws, and their enforcement, involve a myriad of regulations, many of which involve strict liability on the part of the potential offender. Some of these laws may directly impact us. Under various local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner of real property, such as us, may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at, under or disposed of in connection with such property, as well as other potential costs relating to hazardous or toxic substances (including government fines and damages for injuries to persons and adjacent property). The cost of any required remediation, removal, fines or personal or property damages and the owner’s liability therefore could exceed or impair the value of the property, and/or the assets of the owner. In addition, the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly dispose of or remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral which, in turn, could reduce our revenues.
We believe that our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances and other environmental matters. We have not been notified by any governmental authority of any material
non-compliance,
liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances or other environmental matter in connection with any of our properties.
Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2020,2023, the Company employed 20 full-time employees. The Company believes that corporate social responsibility goes
hand-in-hand
with business growth and maximizing returns for our investors.
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Social responsibility furthers our mission to be an upstanding corporate citizen within the real estate community. We take pride in our work culture and strive to create an environment where our employees feel valued.valued and are compensated fairly. Our reputation for acting with integrity, discipline and transparency is essential to the successful execution of our business goals. Key areas of focus for the Company include:
Diversity and Equality:
Equal employment opportunity has been, and will continue to be, a fundamental principle of our business success, where employment is based upon personal capabilities and qualifications without discrimination.
Employee Development:
We recognize that having an engaging and rewarding work environment allows us to attract and retain the highest caliber personnel. We also encourage professional growth, which is why we invest in employee development and ensure that onboarding and ongoing training are pillars of our workplace. We achieve this through ongoing training and continuing education opportunities for every employee within the company.Company. In addition, employees are encouraged to further their own unique development through reimbursement for approved courses and training.
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Safe, active and healthy environment:
We offer modern, open and amenitized office space to our employees, which creates a positive and collaborative work environment. To promote health and wellness within our offices, we offer a health snack program. We also provide an annual employee fitness allowance, which allows all employees to be reimbursed for gym memberships, sports lessons or similar fitness-oriented expenses.expenses as well as a variety of other initiatives. To encourage intra-company team building, we hold team events regularly throughout the year and participate in community and charitable events.
Diversity
Fair and Equality:Equitable Compensation:
Equal
We offer competitive employment opportunity has been, and will continuecompensation packages that strive to be, a fundamental principle of our business success,equitably reward employees’ contributions. We believe that recognizing special employee contributions creates an environment where employment is based upon personal capabilities and qualifications without discrimination.team members are driven to achieve exceptional performance.
Availability of Reports Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
A copy of this Annual Report on Form
10-K,
as well as our quarterly reportsQuarterly Reports on Form
10-Q,
current reports on Form
8-K
and any amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available, free of charge, on our Internet website (www.cityofficereit.com)(www.cioreit.com). All of these reports are made available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the charters of the Audit, Compensation, Investment, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees of our Board of Directors are also available on our website at www.cityofficereit.com,www.cioreit.com, and are available in print to any stockholder upon written request to City Office REIT, Inc., c/o Investor Relations, Suite 3210—3210 – 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2X8. The Company may, from time to time, amend these charters and policies, and such amended charters and policies will be posted on the Company’s website. Our telephone number is +1 (604)
806-3366.
The information on or accessible through our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filing we make with the SEC.
 
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ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
SUMMARY
Risks RelatingRelated to Our Business and Our Properties
 
There are inherent risks associated with real estate investments and with the real estate industry, each of which could have an adverse impact on our financial performance and the value of our properties.
 
Significant competition may decrease or prevent increases in our properties’ occupancy and rental rates and may reduce our investment opportunities.
 
We may be unable to renew expiring leases or
re-lease
vacant space on a timely basis or on attractive terms.
We are dependent on our key personnel and the loss of such key personnel could materially adversely affect our businessbusiness.
 
A decrease in demand for office space in our markets may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Failure by any major tenant to make rental payments to us, because of a deterioration of its financial condition, a termination of its lease, a
non-renewal
of its lease or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Systemic changes in the demand for office real estate are the result of many factors, including historical or possible future public health events. The currentchange in tenant behavior resulting from the work-from-home trend may be significant, and a future pandemic of the
COVID-19,
or epidemic outbreak could materially and the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases, could have an adverse effect onadversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, ability to pay dividendsliquidity and the per share market priceperformance and that of our common stock or preferred stock.tenants.
We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant or other capital improvements or payment of leasing commissions.
 
We may be required to make rent or other concessions and significant capital expenditures to improve our properties in order to retain and attract tenants.
 
We depend on external sources of capital that are outside of our control, which may affect our ability to seize strategic opportunities, satisfy our debt obligations and make distributions to our stockholders.
 
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding which may affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.
 
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
 
The impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and the Middle East on the global economy are uncertain.
Failure of the U.S. federal government to manage its fiscal matters or to raise or further suspend the debt ceiling, and changes in the amount of federal debt, may negatively impact the economic environment and adversely impact our results of operations.
We may engage in hedging transactions, which can limit our gains and increase exposure to losses.
 
Economic conditions may adversely affect the real estate market and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
 
Inflation and price volatility in the global economy could negatively impact our tenants and our results of operations.
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Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by the capital markets, our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners’ financial condition and any disputes that may arise between us and our joint venture partners.
 
We could incur significant costs related to government regulation and private litigation over environmental matters involving the presence, discharge or threat of discharge of hazardous or toxic substances.
 
Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose us to liability related to environmental matters.
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Our properties may contain asbestos or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem.
 
Potential losses, including from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, climate change and title claims, may not be covered by insurance.
 
We may be limited in our ability to diversify our investments making us more vulnerable economically than if our investments were diversified.
 
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
 
If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser.
 
We
If a tenant defaults or declares bankruptcy, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases and may become subject to uncertainty and increased expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our leases from any tenants in bankruptcy.financial condition and ability to pay distributions.
 
We may face additional risks and costs associated with owning properties occupied by government tenants.
 
Some of the leases at our properties contain “early termination” provisions which, if triggered, may allow tenants to terminate their leases without further payment to us.
 
The federal government’s “green lease” policies may adversely affect us.
 
We may be unable to complete acquisitions and dispositions, and even if acquisitions are completed, we may fail to successfully operate acquired properties.
 
Acquired properties may be located in new markets where we may face risks associated with investing in an unfamiliar market.
 
Adverse market and economic conditions could cause us to recognize impairment charges or otherwise impact our performance.
 
Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment or inability to use any tax assets, which may adversely impact our cash flows.
 
Our commitments to Second City Real Estate II Corporation (“Second City”), Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership (“Clarity RE”), Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (together with Clarity RE, “Clarity”), and their respective affiliates may give rise to various conflicts of interest.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
 
Our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT would result in significant adverse tax consequences to us and would adversely affect our business and the value of our stock.
 
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To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions to make distributions to our stockholders.
 
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
 
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
We may face risks in connection with like-kind exchanges pursuant to section 1031 of the Code (“Section 1031 Exchanges”).
 
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
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We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of our shares of capital stock.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
 
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in ourCity Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (our “Operating Partnership”), which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
 
The consideration that we pay for the properties and assets we own may exceed their aggregate fair market value.
 
We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our Operating Partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.
 
We may have assumed unknown liabilities in connection with our acquisition of properties and any properties we may acquire in the future may expose us to unknown liabilities.
 
Our charter, our amended and restated bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares.
 
The ability of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors to revoke our REIT status without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
 
Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may amend our investing and financing guidelines without stockholder approval, and, accordingly, you would have limited control over changes in our policies that could increase the risk that we default under our debt obligations.
 
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
General Risk Factors
 
We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties.
 
Climate change may adversely affect our business.
 
Litigation may result in unfavorable outcomes.
 
Our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting.
 
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.
 
We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks,cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT)(“IT”) networks and related systems.
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The following risk factors may adversely affect our overall business,
 financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows; our ability to make distributions to our stockholders; our access to capital; or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock, as further described in each risk factor below. In addition to the information set forth herein, one should carefully review and consider the information contained in our other reports and filings that we make with the SEC from time to time. The risks that we describe in our public filings are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or are out of our control, or that we currently consider immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additional information regarding forward-looking statements is included herein.
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Risks RelatingRelated to Our Business and Our Properties
There are inherent risks associated with real estate investments and with the real estate industry, each of which could have an adverse impact on our financial performance and the value of our properties.
Real estate investments are subject to various risks and fluctuations and cycles in value and demand, many of which are beyond our control. Our financial performance and the value of our properties can be affected by many of these factors, including the following:
 
adverse changes in financial conditions of buyers, sellers and tenants of our properties, including bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;
 
the national, regional and local economy, which may be negatively impacted by concerns about inflation, government deficits or government budgets, unemployment rates, decreased consumer confidence, industry slowdowns, reduced corporate profits, liquidity concerns in our markets and other adverse business concerns;
 
local real estate conditions, such as an oversupply of, or a reduction in, demand for office space and the availability and creditworthiness of current and prospective tenants;
 
longevity of general real estate trends, such as the curtailment in demand for office space and the increased flexibility for tenants to relocate to other states, to the extent they continue to maintain a physical office at all;
vacancies or ability to rent space on favorable terms, including possible market pressures to offer tenants rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options;
 
changes in operating costs and expenses, including, without limitation, increasing labor and material costs, insurance costs, energy prices, water and sewer costs, environmental restrictions, real estate taxes and costs of compliance with laws, regulations and government policies, which we may be restricted from passing on to our tenants;
 
fluctuations in interest rates, which could adversely affect our ability, or the ability of buyers and tenants of our properties, to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, or impact the market price of our properties we own or target for investment;
 
competition from other real estate investors with significant capital, including other real estate operating companies, other publicly traded REITs and institutional investment funds;
 
inability to refinance our indebtedness or secure financing on terms favorable to us, which could result in a default on our obligation and trigger cross default provisions that could result in a default on other indebtedness;
 
the convenience and quality of competing office properties;
 
inability to collect rent from tenants;
 
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our ability to secure adequate insurance;
 
our ability to secure adequate management services and to maintain our properties;
 
changes in, and changes in enforcement of, laws, regulations and governmental policies, including, without limitation, health, safety, environmental, zoning, immigration and tax laws, government fiscal, monetary and trade policies and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”); and
 
civil unrest, acts of war, cyber attacks,cyber-attacks, terrorist attacks and natural disasters, including earthquakes, wind damage and floods, which may result in uninsured and underinsured losses.
In addition, because the yields available from equity investments in real estate depend in large part on the amount of rental income earned, as well as property operating expenses and other costs incurred, a period of economic slowdown or recession, or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults among our
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existing leases, and, consequently, our properties, including any held by joint ventures, may fail to generate revenues sufficient to meet operating, debt service and other expenses. As a result, we may have to borrow amounts to cover fixed costs, and our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, per share market price of our common stock or preferred stock, and ability to satisfy our principal and interest obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
Significant competition may decrease or prevent increases in our properties’ occupancy and rental rates and may reduce our investment opportunities.
We compete with numerous owners, operators, and developers of office properties, many of which own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. Furthermore, undeveloped land in many of the markets in which we operate is generally more readily available and less expensive than in gateway markets, which are commonly defined as New York, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco. If our competitors offer space from existing or new buildings at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates that we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those that we currently charge or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options in order to retain or attract tenants when our tenants’ leases expire. Our competitors may have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. In the future, competition from these entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and market price of our common stock or preferred stock could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to renew expiring leases or
re-lease
vacant space on a timely basis or on attractive terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flow.
At December 31, 2020,2023, approximately 11.7%11.0%, 13.9%10.6% and 16.3%9.9% of our annualized base rent is scheduled to expire in 2021, 2022,2024, 2025, and 2023,2026, respectively, excluding
month-to-month
leases. Current tenants may not renew their leases upon the expiration of their terms and may attempt to terminate their leases prior to the expiration of their current terms. This risk has been increased by tenants working from home during the recent pandemic which has resulted in certain tenants
re-evaluating
the size and/or
lay-out
of their existing leased premises. If
non-renewals
or terminations occur, we may not be able to locate qualified replacement tenants and, as a result, we could lose a significant source of revenue while remaining responsible for the payment of our financial obligations. Moreover, the terms of a renewal or new lease, including the amount of rent, may be less favorable to us than the current lease terms, or we may be forced to provide tenant improvements at our expense or provide other concessions or additional services to maintain or attract tenants. Any of these factors could cause a decline in lease revenue or an increase in operating expenses, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
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We are dependent on our key personnel and the loss of such key personnel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
We are dependent on the efforts of our key officers and employees, including James Farrar, our Chief Executive Officer, Gregory Tylee, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and Anthony Maretic, our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. The loss of Mr. Farrar’s, Mr. Tylee’s and/or Mr. Maretic’s services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. Although we have employment agreements with them, we cannot assure you they will remain employed with us.
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A decrease in demand for office space in our markets may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our portfolio of properties consists of office properties and because we seek to acquire similar properties, a decrease in the demand for office space may have a greater adverse effect on our business and financial condition than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. If parts of our properties are leased within a particular sector, a significant downturn in that sector in which the tenants’ businesses operate would adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, where a government agency is a tenant, which is the case for a number of our properties, austerity measures, the inability of the federal, state, or local government to approve a budget, and governmental deficit reduction programs may lead government agencies to stop paying rent, consolidate and reduce their office space, terminate their lease or decrease their workforce, which may reduce demand for office space in the government sector. In addition, the ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic work-from-home trend has resulted in lower than normal utilization levels for our properties and it is uncertain how utilization levels will be impacted asin the pandemic continues and after the pandemic ends.long term. In the event that our tenants implement or maintain full or partial “work from home”“work-from-home” or other remote work policies, after the pandemic ends, the overall demand for office space in the markets in which we own properties or seek to acquire properties may be materially adversely affected, which may impact our leasing activity and ability to enter into leases favorable to the Company and result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flow and market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Failure by any major tenant to make rental payments to us, because of a deterioration of its financial condition, a termination of its lease, a
non-renewal
of its lease or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, approximately 28.5%25.4% of the base rental revenue of our properties was derived from our ten largest tenants. At any time, our tenants may experience a downturn in their businesses that may significantly weaken their financial condition, whether as a result of general economic conditions changes in the severity or duration of the
COVID-19
pandemic or otherwise. As a result, our tenants may fail to make rental payments when due, delay lease commencements, decline to extend or renew leases upon expiration or declare bankruptcy or be subject to involuntary insolvency proceedings. Any of these actions could result in the termination of the tenants’ leases or the failure to renew a lease and the loss of rental income attributable to the terminated leases. The occurrence of any of the situations described above could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
The current
COVID-19
pandemic,Company, through wholly owned subsidiaries, is the landlord under leases totaling approximately 177,000 square feet with subsidiaries of WeWork Inc. (“WeWork”) at three of the Company’s properties. WeWork announced on November 6, 2023, that it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As of December 31, 2023, WeWork was operating at all three locations and the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, ability to pay dividendsleases with Block 23, The Terraces and the per share market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Since being reported in December 2019,
COVID-19
has spread globally, including to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared
COVID-19
a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to
COVID-19.
Since that time, the global impactBloc 83 had not been rejected as part of the outbreak has been rapidly evolvingWeWork bankruptcy proceedings. As at December 31, 2023, the Company assessed the likelihood of lease rejection and many countries, includingcollection of contractual lease payments across the United States, have reacted by instituting quarantines, mandating businessthree locations and school closuresdetermined at Block 23 it was not probable that the lease payments would be collected, and restricting travel.therefore the straight-line receivable and acquired lease intangible balances should be
written-off. This
The
COVID-19
pandemic has had,resulted in a $1.4 million reduction in rental and other revenues and a future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases could have, repercussions across regional$1.5 million increase to depreciation and global financial markets and economies. The outbreak of
COVID-19
in many countries, including the United States, has adversely impacted global economic activity, and has contributed to significant volatility in financial markets.
Certain states and cities, including where we own properties and where our principal place of business is located, have also reacted by instituting quarantines, restrictions on travel,
“stay-at-home”
rules, and restrictions on the types of businesses that may continue to operate. As the pandemic continues, the Company cannot predict
 
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if additional states
amortization expense. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the lease at Block 23 was rejected effective February 7, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining balance sheet exposure to WeWork was $1.4 million in straight-line rent receivables, $2.8 million in tenant improvements, and cities will implement similar restrictions, whether or how the nature of these restrictions may evolve or when restrictions currently$8.5 million in place or modified restrictionsacquired lease intangible assets. The Company continues to monitor rental payments and potential lease rejections related to WeWork.
Systemic changes in the future will expire. As a result,demand for office real estate are the
COVID-19
pandemic has negatively impacted and continues to negatively impact many industries and governmental operations directly or indirectly, including the industries in which the Company and its tenants operate. A number of our tenants have announced temporary closures of their offices and other operations and requested rent deferral or rent abatements during the pandemic. To date, we have provided temporary relief to certain tenants in the form of rent deferral and rent abatements, the financial impacts of which have been immaterial to the Company. However, it is impossible to predict the extent to which future requests from tenants for rent deferrals, rent abatements or relief from other contractual obligations, or a failure to pay rent, as a result of among others, changesmany factors, including historical or possible future public health events. The change in businesstenant behavior stemmingresulting from the ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic, the availability of government assistance programs, the efficacywork-from-home trend may be significant, and availability of vaccines or other remedies for
COVID-19,
the long-term economic impacts from the
COVID-19
a future pandemic or otherwise, may impact our financial condition, results of operationsepidemic outbreak could materially and cash flow.
In addition, many of our employees in our principal offices have or may in the future work remotely. The effects of an extended period of remote work arrangements could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks, and impair our ability to manage our properties and business.
The
COVID-19
pandemic, or a future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases, could also have material adverse effects onadversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, ability to pay dividendsliquidity and performance and that of our tenants.
Historical disease outbreak and the per share market pricethreat of our common stock or preferred stock, duepossible future public health events, which have contributed to among other factors:
a complete or partial closure of, decline or cessation in the usage of, or other operational issues at, one or more of our properties resulting from government or tenant action;
a reductionsignificant volatility in economic activity that severely impactsand financial markets, have also led to systemic changes in the demand for office real estate. The work-from-home trend, and corresponding changes in our tenants’ businesses,and our tenants’ customers’ behavior, may continue in varying degrees to adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, liquidity and creditworthiness, which may cause one or moreperformance, and that of our tenants, the severity and duration of indirect economic and social impacts such as recession, supply chain disruptions, labor market disruptions, inflation, dislocation and volatility in capital markets, job losses, potential longer-term changes in consumer and tenant behavior, as well as current and possible future governmental responses. These uncertainties make it impossible for us to be unablepredict to meet their obligationswhat extent our business will return to us in full,metrics from before the work-from-home trend gained popularity. Factors related to public health events that have had, or at all, seek modificationscould have, a material adverse effect on our results of such obligations or exercise early termination rights;operations and financial condition, include:
 
a decrease in the usage of our properties or the demand for office space as a result of our tenants’ implementation of full or partial “work from home”“work-from-home” or other remote work policies during or after thea pandemic ends, or the Company’s ability to maintain or increase rents, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio;
 
difficulty accessing sources of capital on attractive terms, or at all, impacts to our credit ratings, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affect our access to debt or equity capital necessary to fund future capital needs (including redevelopment, acquisition, expansion and renovation activities, payments of principal and interest on and the refinancing of our existing debt, tenant improvements and leasing costs, and our operations) or refinancings on a timely basis and our tenants’ ability to fund their business operations and meet their obligations to us;
 
a reduction in economic activity that severely impacts our tenants’ businesses, financial condition, liquidity and creditworthiness, which may cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all, seek modifications of such obligations or exercise early termination rights;
the financial impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic work-from-home trend could negatively impact our future compliance with financial covenants of our unsecured credit facility (“Unsecured Credit Facility,Facility”), including the Term Loan,Company’s term loans thereunder, and other debt agreements, including mortgage debt, and result in a default and potentially an acceleration of indebtedness, which
non-compliance
could negatively impact our ability to make additional borrowings and pay dividends on our common stock or preferred stock, or foreclosure on one or more our properties secured by mortgage debt;
 
any impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets which could be recorded as a result of weaker economic conditions;conditions or resulting from an impairment evaluation;
 
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a general decline in business activity and demand for real estate transactions could adversely affect our ability or desire to grow our portfolio of properties due to a lack of suitable acquisition opportunities; and
 
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a general decline in the attractiveness of our properties due to changes in the demand for office space, which may adversely impact our ability to consummate pending or future dispositions on terms that allow us to recover expected carrying values of a real estate investment; and
the potential negative impact on the health of a significant number of our employees could result in a deterioration in our ability to ensure business continuity or maintain adequate disclosure reporting or internal controls through the duration of this disruption.investment.
The extent to which the
COVID-19
pandemic work-from-home trend impacts our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow, and those of our tenants, will depend on future developments, which continue to be highly uncertain and are not reasonably estimable, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic,work-from-home trend, the actions taken to prevent and contain thea future pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of thea future pandemic and its containment measures, among others. In addition,
non-payment
of rent or early lease terminations by our tenants could reduce our cash flows, which could impact our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock or preferred stock.
We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant or other capital improvements or payment of leasing commissions, which could limit our ability to attract or replace tenants and adversely impact our ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders.
When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is common that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we will be required to expend funds for tenant improvements, payment of leasing commissions and other concessions related to the vacated space. Such tenant improvements may require us to incur substantial capital expenditures. We may not be able to fund capital expenditures solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we must distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, each year to qualify as a REIT. As a result, our ability to fund tenant and other capital improvements or payment of leasing commissions through retained earnings may be limited. If we have insufficient capital reserves, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. We may also have future financing needs for other capital improvements to refurbish or renovate our properties. If we are unable to secure financing on terms that we believe are acceptable or at all, we may be unable to make tenant and other capital improvements or payment of leasing commissions or we may be required to defer such improvements. If this happens, it may cause one or more of our properties to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value, as a result of fewer potential tenants being attracted to the property or existing tenants not renewing their leases. If we do not have access to sufficient funding in the future, we may not be able to make necessary capital improvements to our properties, pay leasing commissions or other expenses or pay distributions to our stockholders.
We may be required to make rent or other concessions and significant capital expenditures to improve our properties in order to retain and attract tenants, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
In order to retain existing tenants and attract new tenants, we may be required to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements and early termination rights, provide options to purchase our properties within the lease term or accommodate requests for renovations,
build-to-suit
remodeling and other improvements or provide additional services to our tenants. As a result, we may have to make significant capital or other expenditures in order to retain tenants whose leases expire and to attract new tenants in sufficient numbers, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Additionally, if we need to raise capital to make such expenditures and are unable to do so, or such capital is otherwise unavailable, we may be unable to make the required expenditures. This could result in
non-renewals
by tenants upon expiration of their leases, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
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We depend on external sources of capital that are outside of our control, which may affect our ability to seize strategic opportunities, satisfy our debt obligations and make distributions to our stockholders.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are generally required under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) to annually distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income,
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determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, as a REIT, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, including any net capital gains. Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs (including redevelopment, acquisition, expansion and renovation activities, payments of principal and interest on and the refinancing of our existing debt, tenant improvements and leasing costs), from operating cash flow. Consequently, we may rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain the necessary financing on favorable terms, in the time period that we desire or at all. Any additional debt we incur will increase our leverage, expose us to the risk of default and may impose operating restrictions on us, and any additional equity we raise could be dilutive to existing stockholders. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
 
general market conditions and interest rates;
 
the market’s view of the quality of our assets and our leasing activity;
 
the market’s perception of our growth potential;
 
our current debt levels;
 
our current and expected future earnings;
 
our cash flow and cash distributions; and
 
the market price of securities we may issue from time to time.
If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy our principal and interest obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Covenants in the Credit Agreement governing our Unsecured Credit Facility may cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are generally required under the Code to distribute annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income, including any net capital gains. Under the credit agreement governing our Unsecured Credit Facility (the “Credit Agreement”), we are subject to various financial covenants that may inhibit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. If we are unable to make distributions to our stockholders, we will not be able to make sufficient distributions to maintain our REIT status.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding which may affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.
Our total consolidated principal indebtedness, as of December 31, 2020,2023, was approximately $681.0$672.7 million. We do not anticipate that our internally generated cash flows will be adequate to repay our existing indebtedness upon maturity, and, therefore, we expect to repay our indebtedness through refinancings and future offerings of equity and debt securities, either of which we may be unable to secure on favorable terms or at all. Our substantial outstanding indebtedness, and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements, could have other significant adverse consequences, including the following:
 
our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
 
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we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to capitalize upon emerging acquisition opportunities or meet operational needs;
 
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we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness;
 
we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms, or terminate pending acquisitions that may require us to forfeit amounts paid into escrow or pay termination fees;
 
we may be forced to enter into financing arrangements with particularly burdensome collateral requirements or restrictive covenants;
 
we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate our debt obligations or require us to retain cash for reserves;
 
we may be unable to hedge floating rate debt, counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under our hedge agreements andor these agreements may not effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk;
 
we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their loans;
 
our default under any of our indebtedness with cross default provisions could result in a default on other indebtedness; and
 
cross default provisions on properties with minority parties could trigger indemnity obligations.
If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to you could be adversely affected. In addition, any foreclosure on our properties could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could adversely affect our ability to meet the distribution requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We could become highly leveraged in the future because our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, our principal indebtedness represented approximately 58.8%44.5% of our total assets. However, our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of indebtedness that we or City Office REITour Operating Partnership L.P. (our “Operating Partnership”) may incur. We could alter the balance between our total outstanding indebtedness and the value of our properties at any time. If we become more highly leveraged, the resulting increase in outstanding debt could adversely affect our ability to make debt service payments, to pay our anticipated distributions and to make the distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the trading price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
In providing financing to us, a lender may impose restrictions on us that would affect our ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments, reduce liquidity below certain levels, make distributions to our stockholders and otherwise affect our distribution and operating policies. In general, we expect that our loan agreements will restrict our ability to encumber or otherwise transfer our interest in the respective property without the prior consent of the lender. Such loan documents may contain other negative covenants that may limit our ability to discontinue insurance coverage or impose other limitations. Any such restriction or limitation
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may limit our ability to make distributions to you. Further, such restrictions could make it difficult for us to satisfy the requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
As of December 31, 2023, the lenders for three of our mortgage borrowings have elected their right to direct property cash flows into lender-controlled restricted cash accounts to fund property operations until certain
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thresholds are met. For these three properties, the total restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 was $9.3 million. It is possible that we could fail certain financial covenants within certain property-level mortgage borrowings or under our Credit Agreement. For mortgages with financial covenants, the lenders’ remedy of a covenant failure would be a requirement to escrow funds for the purpose of meeting our future debt payment obligations.
The impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and the Middle East on the global economy are uncertain, but may prove to negatively impact our business and operations.
While the Company does not have any material business, operations or assets in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Israel or the Middle East, and has not been materially impacted by the actions of the Russian government at this time, the short and long-term implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in Israel and the Middle East are difficult to predict. We continue to monitor any adverse impact that the conflict in Israel and the Middle East and the outbreak of war in Ukraine and the subsequent institution of sanctions against Russia by the United States and several European and Asian countries may have on the global economy in general, on our business and operations and on the businesses and operations of our suppliers and customers. To the extent the war in Ukraine and conflict in Israel and the Middle East may adversely affect our business, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to information technology and market conditions, any of which could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
Failure of the U.S. federal government to manage its fiscal matters or to raise or further suspend the debt ceiling, and changes in the amount of federal debt, may negatively impact the economic environment and adversely impact our results of operations.
The U.S. federal government has established a limit on the level of federal debt that the U.S. federal government can have outstanding, often referred to as the debt ceiling. The U.S. Congress has authority to raise or suspend the debt ceiling and to approve the funding of U.S. federal government operations within the debt ceiling, and has done both frequently in the past, often on a relatively short-term basis. Generally, if effective legislation to manage the level of federal debt is not enacted and the debt ceiling is reached in any given year, the federal government may suspend its investments for certain government accounts, among other available options, in order to prioritize payments on its obligations. Contention among policymakers, among other factors, may hinder the enactment of policies to further increase the borrowing limit or address its debt balance timely. A failure by the U.S. Congress to raise the debt limit would increase the risk of default by the U.S. on its obligations, the risk of a lowering of the U.S. federal government’s credit rating, and the risk of other economic dislocations. Such a failure, or the perceived risk of such a failure, could consequently have a material adverse effect on the financial markets and economic conditions in the U.S. and globally. If economic conditions severely deteriorate as a result of U.S. federal government fiscal gridlock, our operations, or those of our tenants, could be affected, which may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. These risks may also impact our overall liquidity, our borrowing costs, or the market price of our common stock.
We may engage in hedging transactions, which can limit our gains and increase exposure to losses.
Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may enter into hedging transactions to protect us from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt. Our hedging transactions may include entering into interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap or floor agreements, or other interest rate exchange contracts. Hedging activities may not have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. No hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates. Moreover, interest rate hedging could fail to protect us or adversely affect us because, among other things:
 
available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which we seek protection;
 
the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
 
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the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay;
 
the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
 
the value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value, such as downward adjustments, or
“mark-to-market
losses,” which would reduce our stockholders’ equity.
Hedging involves risk and typically involves costs, including transaction costs, that may reduce our overall returns on our investments. These costs increase as the period covered by the hedging increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. These costs will also limit the amount of cash available for distribution to stockholders. We generally intend to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as we determine is in our best interests given the cost of such hedging transactions. The REIT tax rules may limit our ability to enter into hedging transactions by requiring us to limit our income from
non-qualifying
hedges. If we are unable to hedge effectively because of the REIT tax rules, we will face greater interest rate exposure than may be commercially prudent.
In September 2019, in connection with the increase in authorized borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility from $250 million to $300 million, we entered
The Company enters into the five-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50 million (the “Interest Rate Swap”). Pursuantcontracts to mitigate its interest rate risk on the Interest Rate Swap, the Company will pay a fixedrelated financial instruments. The interest rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate
30-day
LIBOR payments.
The Interest Rate Swap hasswaps have been designated and qualifiesqualify as a cash flow hedgehedges and hashave been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value.value, presented within other assets and other liabilities. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that arehave been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss) income and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, three of the Interest Rate Swap wasinterest rate swaps were reported as a liabilityliabilities at itstheir fair value of approximately $2.0$1.6 million, which is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and two of the interest rate swaps were reported as assets at their fair value of approximately $1.3 million, which is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 20202023, the amount of net realized lossesgains reclassified to interest expense due to payments received byfrom the swap counterparty was $0.3$3.4 million. Accordingly, theThe fair value of the Interest Rate Swap hasinterest rate swaps have been classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
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Changes in the method pursuant to which reference rates are determined and phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may affect our financial results.
The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, has announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. In November 2020, ICE Benchmark Administration (“IBA”), the
FCA-regulated
and authorized administrator of LIBOR, announced that it was delaying the phase out of LIBOR, such that one week and two month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease at the end of 2021 and that the U.S. dollar LIBOR panel will cease as of June 30, 2023. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, including the delay in the phase out of LIBOR, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Furthermore, in the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York began publishing SOFR rates in April 2018. Despite IBA’s announcement to delay the phase out of LIBOR, in November 2020, the U.S. Federal Reserve issued a statement encouraging banks to cease entering into new contracts that use U.S. dollar LIBOR as a reference rate as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021.
The market transition away from LIBOR and towards SOFR is expected to be gradual and complicated. There are significant differences between LIBOR and SOFR, such as LIBOR being an unsecured lending rate and SOFR a secured lending rate, and SOFR is an overnight rate and LIBOR reflects term rates at different maturities. Although there have been some issuances utilizing SOFR, it is unknown whether this alternative reference rate will attain market acceptance as a replacement for LIBOR. These and other differences create the potential for basis risk between the two rates. The impact of any basis risk between LIBOR and SOFR may negatively affect our operating results. In addition, there is currently no definitive information regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate. Any of these alternative methods may result in interest rates that are higher than if LIBOR were available in its current form, which could have a material adverse effectAnnual Report on results. As such, the potential effect on us cannot yet be determined.
Form
Any changes announced by the IBA, FCA, U.S. Federal Reserve, other regulators or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method pursuant to which the reference rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported reference rates. If that were to occur, the level of interest payments we incur may change. In addition, although certain of our LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest rate payable on certain of our obligations if LIBOR is not reported, which include requesting certain rates from major reference banks in London or New York, or alternatively using LIBOR for the immediately preceding interest period or using the initial interest rate, as applicable, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR rate was available in its current form.10-K.
Economic conditions may adversely affect the real estate market and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Uncertainty over whether the U.S. economy will be adversely affected by inflation or stagflation, volatile energy costs, geopolitical issues, the possibility of any pandemic, including the
COVID-19
pandemic, the availability and cost of credit, future policy and fiscal decisions of the federal government, the mortgage market in the United States and the late-cycle real estate market may contribute to increased market volatility or threaten business and consumer confidence. This uncertain operating environment could adversely affect our ability to generate revenues, thereby reducing our operating income and earnings.
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In addition, local real estate conditions such as an oversupply of properties or a reduction in demand for properties, competition from other similar properties, our ability to provide or arrange for adequate maintenance, insurance and management and advisory services, increased operating costs (including real estate taxes), the attractiveness, location of the property, changes in market rental rates and region-specific legislation or political initiatives may adversely affect a property’s income and value. A rise in energy costs could result in higher operating costs, which may affect our results of operations. In addition, local conditions in the markets in which we own or intend to own properties may significantly affect occupancy or rental rates at such properties. Events that could prevent us from raising or maintaining rents or cause us to reduce rents include layoffs, plant closings, relocations of significant local employers and other events reducing local employment rates, an oversupply of—of, or a lack of demand for—for, office space, a decline in household formation, the inability or unwillingness of tenants to pay rent increases, and geopolitical developments having a disproportionate effect on the markets in which we operate.
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Inflation and price volatility in the global economy could negatively impact our tenants and our results of operations.
Inflation in the United States has risen to levels not experienced in recent decades, including rising energy prices, prices for consumer goods, interest rates, wages and currency volatility. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the consumer price index rose by approximately 3.4% compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. These increases and any fiscal or other policy interventions by the U.S. government in reaction to such events could negatively impact our results of operations, and could also negatively impact our tenants’ businesses. While our leases generally provide for fixed annual rent increases, high levels of inflation could outpace our contractual rent increases. The leases at our properties are either full-service gross or net lease basis. Our full-service gross leases generally have a base year expense “stop,” whereby we pay a stated amount of expenses as part of the rent payment while future increases (above the base year stop) in property operating expenses are billed to the tenant based on such tenant’s proportionate square footage in the property. Additionally, our
triple-net
leases require the lessee to pay all property operating expenses. Therefore, increases in property-level expenses resulting from inflation could have an adverse impact on our lessees if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in their revenue, which may adversely affect our lessees’ ability to pay rent or other obligations owed to us. An increase in our lessees’ expenses and a failure of their revenues to increase at least with inflation could adversely affect our lessees’ and our financial condition and our results of operations.
Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by the capital markets, our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners’ financial condition and any disputes that may arise between us and our joint venture partners.
We have in the past
co-invested,
and may in the future
co-invest,
with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other structures, acquiring
non-controlling
interests in, or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of, a property, partnership,
co-tenancy
or other entity. Investments in joint ventures may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present when a third party is not involved, including potential deadlocks in making major decisions, restrictions on our ability to exit the joint venture, triggering of forced sale or
buy-out
mechanisms, reliance on our joint venture partners and the possibility that joint venture partners might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, thus exposing us to liabilities in excess of our share of the investment or take action that could jeopardize our REIT status. The funding of our capital contributions may be dependent on proceeds from asset sales, credit facility advances and/or sales of equity securities. Joint venture partners may have business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. We may in specific circumstances be liable for the actions of our joint venture partners. In addition, any disputes that may arise between us and joint venture partners may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses.
We could incur significant costs related to government regulation and private litigation over environmental matters involving the presence, discharge or threat of discharge of hazardous or toxic substances, which could adversely affect our operations, the value of our properties and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our properties may be subject to environmental liabilities. Under various federal, state and local laws, a current or previous owner, operator or tenant of real estate can face liability for environmental contamination created by the presence, discharge or threat of discharge of hazardous or toxic substances. Liabilities can include the cost to investigate, clean up and monitor the actual or threatened contamination and damages caused by the contamination or threatened contamination.
The liability under such laws may be strict, joint and several, meaning that we may be liable regardless of whether we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the government entity or private party may seek recovery of the entire amount from us even if there are other responsible parties.
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Liabilities associated with environmental conditions may be significant and can sometimes exceed the value of the affected property. The presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent that property or to borrow using that property as collateral.
Environmental laws also:
 
may require the removal or upgrade of underground storage tanks;
 
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regulate the discharge of storm water, wastewater and other pollutants;
 
regulate air pollutant emissions, including greenhouse gas emissions;
 
regulate hazardous materials’ generation, management and disposal; and
 
regulate workplace health and safety.
Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose us to liability related to environmental matters.
Independent environmental consultants have conducted Phase I or similar environmental site assessments on all of our properties. Site assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. These assessments do not generally include subsurface investigations or mold or asbestos surveys. None of the recent site assessments revealed any past or present environmental liability that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. However, the assessments may have failed to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may have arisen after the review was completed or may arise in the future; and future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability.
Costs of future environmental compliance could negatively affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, and remedial measures required to address such conditions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Our properties may contain asbestos or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem, which could adversely affect the value of the affected property and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We are required by federal regulations with respect to our properties to identify and warn, via signs and labels, of potential hazards posed by workplace exposure to installed asbestos-containing materials (“ACMs”) and potential ACMs. We may be subject to an increased risk of personal injury lawsuits by workers and others exposed to ACMs and potential ACMs at our properties as a result of these regulations. The regulations may affect the value of any of our properties containing ACMs and potential ACMs. Federal, state and local laws and regulations also govern the removal, encapsulation, disturbance, handling and disposal of ACMs and potential ACMs when such materials are in poor condition or in the event of construction, remodeling, renovation or demolition of a property.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing because exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions.
The presence of ACMs or significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the ACMs or mold from the affected property. In addition, the
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presence of ACMs or significant mold could expose us to claims of liability to our tenants, their or our employees, and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
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Potential losses, including from adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, climate change and title claims, may not be covered by insurance.
Certain of our properties are located in states where natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes are more common than in other states. Given recent extreme weather events across parts of the United States, including devastating hurricanes in Florida, wildfires and wildfiresfloods in California, and winter storms in Texas, it is also possible that our other properties could incur significant damage due to other natural disasters. While we carry insurance to cover a substantial portion of the cost of such events, such as droughts or flooding, our insurance includes deductible amounts and certain items may not be covered by insurance. Future natural disasters may significantly affect our operations and properties and, more specifically, may cause us to experience reduced rental revenue (including from increased vacancy), incur
clean-up
costs or otherwise incur costs in connection with such events. Any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Furthermore, we do not carry insurance for certain losses, including, but not limited to, losses caused by certain environmental conditions, such as mold or asbestos, riots, civil unrest or war. In addition, our title insurance policies may not insure for the current aggregate market value of our portfolio, and we do not intend to increase our title insurance coverage as the market value of our portfolio increases. As a result, we may not have sufficient coverage against all losses that we may experience, including from adverse title claims.
If we experience a loss that is uninsured or exceeds policy limits, we could incur significant costs and lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged.
Moreover, we carry several different lines of insurance, placed with several large insurance carriers. If any one of these large insurance carriers were to become insolvent, we would be forced to replace the existing insurance coverage with another suitable carrier and any outstanding claims would be at risk for collection. In such an event, we cannot be certain that we would be able to replace the coverage at similar or otherwise favorable terms. Replacing insurance coverage at unfavorable rates and the potential of uncollectible claims due to carrier insolvency could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
We may be limited in our ability to diversify our investments making us more vulnerable economically than if our investments were diversified.
Our ability to diversify our portfolio may be limited both as to the number of investments owned and the geographic regions in which our investments are located. While we seek to diversify our portfolio by geographic location, we focus on our specified target markets that we believe offer the opportunity for attractive returns and, accordingly, our actual investments may result in concentrations in a limited number of geographic regions. As a result, there is an increased likelihood that the performance of any single property, or the economic performance of a particular region in which our properties are located, could materially affect financial condition, results of operation, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
We may acquire properties with
lock-out
provisions, or agree to such provisions in connection with obtaining financing, which may prohibit us from selling or refinancing a property during the
lock-out
period.
We may acquire properties in exchange for common units and agree to restrictions on sales or refinancing, called
“lock-out”
provisions, which are intended to preserve favorable tax treatment for the owners of such
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properties who sell them to us. In addition, we may agree to
lock-out
provisions in connection with obtaining financing for the acquisition of properties.
Lock-out
provisions could materially restrict us from selling,
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otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These restrictions could affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to our stockholders.
Lock-out
provisions could impair our ability to take actions during the
lock-out
period that would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, could adversely impact the market value of our common stock. In particular,
lock-out
provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
The real estate investments made, and to be made, by us are relatively difficult to sell quickly. As a result, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objectives by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, our ability to dispose of one or more properties is subject to weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of jurisdictions in which the property is located.
In addition, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT’s ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forego or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interest. Therefore, we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchaser.
If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use commercially reasonable efforts to sell them for cash. However, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. If we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk of default by the purchasers which would reduce the value of our assets, impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and reduce the price of our common stock or preferred stock.
WeIf a tenant defaults or declares bankruptcy, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases and may become subject to uncertainty and increased expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our leases from any tenants in bankruptcy, which could adversely affect our cash flowfinancial condition and the amount of cash available for distributionability to our stockholders.pay distributions.
The default, bankruptcy or insolvency of one or more of our tenantsa tenant may adversely affect the income produced by our properties.properties, and a tenant in bankruptcy or subject to insolvency proceedings may be able to limit or delay our ability to collect unpaid rent. We cannot assure you that any tenant thatwho files for bankruptcy protection will continue to pay us rent. If a tenant files for bankruptcy, then any or all of the tenant’s such bankrupt-tenant’s and/or, under certain circumstances, a guarantor of a tenant’ssuch bankrupt-tenant’s lease obligations could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Chapter 11 or Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Such a bankruptcy filing would impose an automatic stay barring all efforts by us to collect
pre-bankruptcy
rents from these entitiesany such bankrupt-tenant or theirits properties, unless we receive an order from the bankruptcy court lifting the automatic stay to permit us to pursue collections. A tenant
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or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases and could ultimately preclude collection of these sums. If
Under bankruptcy law, a landlord can neither terminate a lease is rejected bysolely because of a tenant’s bankruptcy nor take any action against such tenant inwithout an order from the bankruptcy court lifting the automatic stay, and the tenant has the option to assume or reject any unexpired lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, any resulting claim we would only have for breach of the lease (other than to the extent of any collateral securing the claim) will be treated as a general unsecured claim. Our claim against the bankrupt tenant for damages.unpaid and future rent will be subject to a statutory cap that might be substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and it is unlikely that a bankrupt tenant who rejects its lease would pay in full amounts it owes us under the lease. This claim could be paid only in the event funds were available and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims. Our claim would be capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the
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greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. Therefore, if a lease is rejected, it is possible that we would not receive payment from the tenant or that we would receive substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims we hold, which would result in a reduction in our rental income, cash flow and the amount of cash available for distribution to the holders of our common stock or preferred stock.
Even if a lease is assumed and brought current, we still run the risk that a tenant could condition lease assumption on a restructuring of certain terms, including rent, that would have an adverse impact on us. Any shortfall resulting from the bankruptcy of one or more of our tenants could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow or our ability to satisfy our debt payment obligations or to maintain our level of distributions.
Further, there is no guarantee that the full balance of any receivable will be collected in the event one of our tenants file for bankruptcy. Bankruptcy proceedings are subject to uncertainty and there can be no assurance how the bankruptcy court’s or other parties’ actions or decisions may impact us. In addition to a tenant-related bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding potentially increasing our collection costs significantly, we may also be required to fund certain expenses (e.g., real estate taxes and maintenance) to preserve the value of a property, avoid the imposition of liens on a property and/or transition a property to a new tenant. Publicity about the tenant involved in such bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings may also negatively impact their and our reputations, decreasing demand and revenues. Should such events occur, our revenue and cash flows may be adversely affected.
The Company, through wholly owned subsidiaries, is the landlord under leases totaling approximately 177,000 square feet with subsidiaries of WeWork at three of the Company’s properties. WeWork announced on November 6, 2023, that it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As of December 31, 2023, WeWork was operating at all three locations and the leases with Block 23, The Terraces and Bloc 83 had not been rejected as part of the WeWork bankruptcy proceedings. As at December 31, 2023, the Company assessed the likelihood of lease rejection and collection of contractual lease payments across the three locations and determined at Block 23 it was not probable that the lease payments would be collected, and therefore the straight-line receivable and acquired lease intangible balances should be
written-off. This
resulted in a $1.4 million reduction in rental and other revenues and a $1.5 million increase to depreciation and amortization expense. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the lease at Block 23 was rejected effective February 7, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining balance sheet exposure to WeWork was $1.4 million in straight-line rent receivables, $2.8 million in tenant improvements, and $8.5 million in acquired lease intangible assets. The Company continues to monitor rental payments and potential lease rejection related to WeWork, and the Company will continue to assess what it believes will be the likelihood of each of the two remaining WeWork leases being rejected in the bankruptcy proceedings as of each reporting period. If the Company believes rejection is probable in a subsequent reporting period, then the Company will write off the applicable straight-line rent receivable balance to rental and other revenues in the statement of operations in the period. The Company will further assess the remaining tenant improvement and acquired lease intangible asset balances to determine if a write off is required, which would be
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recorded partially to rental and other revenues and partially to depreciation and amortization expense in the statement of operations.
We may face additional risks and costs associated with owning properties occupied by government tenants, which could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we owned sevenfour properties in which some or all of the tenants are federal government agencies. We may continue to pursue the acquisition of office properties in which substantial space is leased to governmental agencies. As such, lease agreements with these federal government agencies contain certain provisions required by federal law, which require, among other things, that the contractor (which is the lessor or the owner of the property), agree to comply with certain rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, rules and regulations related to anti-kickback procedures, examination of records, audits and records, equal opportunity provisions, prohibition against segregated facilities, certain executive orders, subcontractor cost or pricing data, certain provisions intending to assist small businesses and contractual rights of termination by the tenants. We may be subject to requirements of the Employment Standards Administration’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs and requirements to prepare affirmative action plans pursuant to the applicable executive order may be determined to be applicable to us.
In addition, some of our leases with government tenants may be subject to statutory or contractual rights of termination by the tenants, which will allow them to vacate the leased premises before the stated terms of the leases expire with little or no liability. For fiscal policy reasons, security concerns or other reasons, some or all of our government tenants may decide to vacate our properties. If a significant number of such vacancies occur, our rental income may materially decline, our cash flow and results of operations could be adversely affected and our ability to pay regular distributions to you may be jeopardized.
Our government tenants are also subject to discretionary funding from the federal government. Federal government programs are subject to annual congressional budget authorization and appropriation processes. For many programs, Congress appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though the program performance period may extend over several years. Laws and plans adopted by the federal government relating to, along with pressures on and uncertainty surrounding the federal budget, potential changes in priorities and spending levels, sequestration, the appropriations process, use of continuing resolutions (with restrictions, e.g., on new starts) and the permissible federal debt limit, could adversely affect the funding for our government tenants. The budget environment and uncertainty surrounding the appropriations processes remain significant long-term risks as budget cuts could adversely affect the viability of our government tenants.
Some of the leases at our properties contain “early termination” provisions which, if triggered, may allow tenants to terminate their leases without further payment to us, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of the applicable property.
Certain tenants have a right to terminate their leases upon payment of a penalty, but others are not required to pay any penalty associated with an early termination. Most of our tenants that are federal or state governmental agencies, which account for approximately 11.9%6.5% of the base rental revenue from our properties as of December 31, 2020,2023, may, under certain circumstances, vacate the leased premises before the stated terms of the leases expire with little or no liability to us. There can be no assurance that tenants will continue their activities and continue occupancy of the premises. Any cessation of occupancy by tenants may have an adverse effect on our operations.
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We have entered into a lease with the sole tenant at our Lake Vista Pointe property that contains a right of first refusal and option to purchase the property according to a
pre-determined
pricing formula which, if exercised, would terminate the applicable lease and result in the sale of the property.
We have entered into a lease with the sole tenant at our Lake Vista Pointe property that contains a right of first refusal and option to purchase the property according to a
pre-determined
pricing formula during a specified period of time. In the event that the right of first refusal or option are exercised by the tenant, the applicable lease would terminate and we would be contractually obligated to sell the property in accordance therewith. Termination of the lease for the Lake Vista Pointe property would result in the loss of future rental income from such property, which could impact our results of operations and cash flows. Likewise, if the property is sold, we may not realize the full benefits from continuing to hold the property or consummating the disposition on terms then available in the market. The occurrence of any of the situations described above could have a material adverse effect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
The federal government’s “green lease” policies may adversely affect us.
In recent years, the federal government has instituted “green lease” policies which allow a government tenant to require leadership in energy and environmental design for commercial interiors, or LEED
®
-CI,
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certification in selecting new premises or renewing leases at existing premises. In addition, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 allows the General Services Administration to prefer buildings for lease that have received an “Energy Star” label. Obtaining such certifications and labels may be costly and time consuming, but our failure to do so may result in our competitive disadvantage in acquiring new or retaining existing government tenants.
We may be unable to complete acquisitions and dispositions, and even if acquisitions are completed, we may fail to successfully operate acquired properties.
Our business plan includes, among other things, growth through identifying suitable acquisition opportunities, consummating acquisitions and leasing such properties. We will evaluate the market of available properties and may acquire, or dispose of, properties when we believe strategic opportunities exist. Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully develop or operate them is subject to, among others, the following risks:
 
we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other real estate investors with substantial capital, including from other REITs and institutional investment funds;
 
even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price;
 
even if we enter into agreements for the acquisition of properties, these agreements are subject to customary conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction;
 
we may incur significant costs in connection with evaluation and negotiation of potential acquisitions, including acquisitions that we are subsequently unable to complete;
 
we may acquire properties that are not initially accretive to our results upon acquisition, and we may not successfully lease those properties to meet our expectations;
 
we may be unable to finance the acquisition on favorable terms in the time period we desire, or at all;
 
even if we are able to finance the acquisition, our cash flows may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;
 
we may spend more than budgeted to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties;
 
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we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly the acquisition of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations;
 
market conditions may result in higher than expected vacancy rates and lower than expected rental rates; and
 
we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities for
clean-up
of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by tenants or other persons dealing with former owners of the properties and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
Acquired properties may be located in new markets where we may face risks associated with investing in an unfamiliar market.
We may acquire properties in markets that are new to us. When we acquire properties located in new markets, we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, forging new business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local government and permitting procedures. We work to mitigate such risks through extensive diligence and research and associations with experienced service providers. However, there can be no guarantee that all such risks will be eliminated.
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Adverse market and economic conditions could cause us to recognize impairment charges or otherwise impact our performance.
We intend to review the carrying value of our properties when circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate a potential impairment may exist. We intend to base our review on an estimate of the future cash flows (excluding interest charges) expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition on an undiscounted basis. We intend to consider factors such as future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If our evaluation indicates that we may be unable to recover the carrying value of a real estate investment, then an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
Impairment losses would have a direct impact on our operating results because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to our operating results. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. If the real estate market deteriorates, we may reevaluate the assumptions used in our impairment analysis. Impairment charges could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions on, and the per share market price of, our common stock or preferred stock.
We may invest in properties with other entities, and our lack of sole decision-making authority or reliance on a joint-venturer’s financial condition could make these joint venture investments risky and expose us to losses or impact our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
We may
co-invest
in the future with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities. We may acquire
non-controlling
interests or share responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. In such events, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property or entity. Investments in entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved. These risks include the possibility that partners or joint-venturers:
 
might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions;
 
may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals; and
 
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may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives or exercise rights to buy or sell at an inopportune time for us.
Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale or refinancing of the property, because neither we nor the partner or joint-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or joint-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business or result in costs to terminate the relationship. Actions of partners or joint-venturers may cause losses to our investments and adversely affect our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or joint-venturers if:
 
we structure a joint venture or conduct business in a manner that is deemed to be a general partnership with a third party;
 
third-party managers incur debt or other liabilities on behalf of a joint venture which the joint venture is unable to pay, and the joint venture agreement provides for capital calls, in which case we could be liable to make contributions as set forth in any such joint venture agreement or suffer adverse consequences for a failure to contribute; or
 
we agree to cross default provisions or to cross-collateralize our properties with the properties in a joint venture, in which case we could face liability if there is a default relating to those properties in the joint venture or the obligations relating to those properties.
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Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar laws may require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures.
All of our properties and any future properties that we acquire are and will be required to comply with the ADA. The ADA requires that all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. For those projects receiving federal funds, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (the “RA”) also has requirements regarding disabled access. Although we believe that our properties are substantially in compliance with the present requirements, we may incur unanticipated expenses to comply with the ADA, the RA and other applicable legislation in connection with the ongoing operation or redevelopment of our properties. These and other federal, state and local laws may require modifications to our properties, or affect renovations of our properties.
Non-compliance
with these laws could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants and also could result in an order to correct any
non-complying
feature, which could result in substantial capital expenditures.
Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment or inability to use any tax assets, which may adversely impact our cash flows.
Even as a REIT, we will be required to pay some state and local taxes on our properties. The real property taxes on our properties may increase as property tax rates change or as our properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Therefore, the amount of property taxes that we pay in the future may increase substantially. If the property taxes that we pay increase, our cash flow could be impacted, and our ability to pay expected distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against members of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors or our executive officers.
Most of the members of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors and our executive officers reside in Canada and substantially all of the assets of such persons are located in Canada. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States or in any other jurisdiction outside of Canada upon these persons or to enforce against them in any jurisdiction outside of Canada judgments predicated upon the laws of any such jurisdiction, including any judgment predicated upon the federal and state securities laws of the United States.
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Our commitments to Second City Real Estate II Corporation (“Second City”), Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership (“Clarity RE”), Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (together with Clarity RE, “Clarity”), and their respective affiliates may give rise to various conflicts of interest.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with Second City and Clarity. As a result of the internalization of our former external advisor on February 1, 2016, we agreed to allow our management to continue to provide services to Second City under the terms of an administrative services agreement. In addition, the terms of the administrative services agreement and the employment agreements we entered into with each of our executive officers permit, under certain circumstances and subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, our executive officers to advise or oversee new or additional funds in the future. On July 31, 2019, we, through an indirect, wholly-ownedwholly owned subsidiary, entered into a separate administrative services agreement with Clarity to provide administrative services to Clarity similar to those provided to Second City. These arrangements with Second City and Clarity may create potential conflicts of interests, including competition for the time and services of personnel that work for us and our affiliates.
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Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT would result in significant adverse tax consequences to us and would adversely affect our business and the value of our stock.
We have elected and intend to continue to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex tax rules, for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The fact that we hold substantially all of our assets through our Operating Partnership further complicates the application of the REIT requirements. Even a seemingly minor technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Our REIT status depends upon various factual matters and circumstances that may not be entirely within our control. For example, in order to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, such as rents from real property, and we must satisfy a number of requirements regarding the composition of our assets. Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. In addition, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions, each of which could have retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to maintain our qualification
as a REIT, or could reduce the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this annual report are not binding on the IRS or any court. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in maintaining our qualification as a REIT.
If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences that would substantially reduce the funds available to distribute to you. If we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT:
 
we would not be allowed to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
we could also be subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax for taxable years prior to 2018 and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
 
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year in which we were disqualified.
In addition, if we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we will not be required to make distributions to stockholders. As a result of all these factors, our failure to maintain our qualification as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital and would adversely affect the value of our capital stock.
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Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, state and local income, property and excise taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. In addition, our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) are subject to tax as regular corporations in the jurisdictions in which they operate.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions to make distributions to our stockholders.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain, and we will be subject to regular corporate income taxes to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income each year. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years.
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To maintain our qualification as a REIT and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds to meet the REIT distribution requirements. These borrowing needs could result from:
 
differences in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
 
the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures;
 
the creation of reserves; or
 
required debt or amortization payments.
We may need to borrow funds at times when the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for borrowing. These borrowings could increase our costs or reduce our equity and adversely affect the value of our common stock or preferred stock.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to certain
non-corporate
U.S. stockholders, including individuals, trusts and estates, is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced qualified dividend rates. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026,
non-corporate
taxpayers may deduct up to 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations, resulting in an effective maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 29.6% on such income. Although the reduced U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends and the reduced corporate tax rate could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of
non-REIT
corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including the market price of our capital stock.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held in inventory primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as inventory held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the IRS would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors.
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We may face risks in connection with like-kind exchanges pursuant to section 1031 of the Code (“Section 1031 Exchanges”).
From time to time, we dispose of properties in transactions that are intended to qualify as Section 1031 Exchanges. It is possible that the qualification of a transaction as a Section 1031 Exchange could be successfully challenged and determined to be currently taxable or that we may be unable to identify and complete the acquisition of a suitable replacement property to effect a Section 1031 Exchange. In such case, our taxable income and earnings and profits would increase. This could increase the dividend income to our stockholders by reducing any return of capital they received. In some circumstances, we may be required to pay additional dividends or, in lieu of that, corporate income tax, possibly including interest and penalties. As a result, we may be required to borrow funds in order to pay additional dividends or taxes and the payment of such taxes could cause us to have less cash available to distribute to our stockholders. In addition, if a Section 1031 Exchange
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were later to be determined to be taxable, we may be required to amend our tax returns for the applicable year in question, including any information reports we sent our stockholders, and we may be required to make a special dividend payment to our shareholders if we are unable to mitigate the taxable gains realized. Moreover, for exchanges completed after December 31, 2017, unless the property was disposed of or received in the exchange on or before such date, section 1031 of the Code permits exchanges of real property only. It is possible that additional legislation could be enacted that could further modify or repeal the laws with respect to Section 1031 Exchanges, which could make it more difficult or not possible for us to dispose of properties on a tax deferred basis.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts that we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities, securities of any qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS of ours and securities that are qualified real estate assets) generally may not include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities, securities of any qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS of ours and securities that are qualified real estate assets) may consist of the securities of any one issuer. No more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs, and no more than 25% of our assets can be represented by debt of “publicly offered” REITs (i.e., REITs that are required to file annual and periodic reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act) that is not secured by real property or interests in real property. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must remedy the failure within 30 days or qualify for certain limited statutory relief provisions to avoid losing status as a REIT. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of our shares of capital stock.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs may be amended or the administrative and judicial interpretations of those laws may be changed. We cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative and judicial interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal
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income tax law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective, and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may be effective retroactively. We cannot predict the long-term effect of any recent changes or any future changes on REITs and their stockholders.stockholders generally. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative and judicial interpretation.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of units in our Operating Partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our Operating Partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have
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duties to our Company under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our Company. At the same time, we, as the general partner of our Operating Partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners under Maryland law and the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership in connection with the management of our Operating Partnership. Our fiduciary duties and obligations as general partner to our Operating Partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company.
Additionally, the partnership agreement provides that we and our officers, directors and employees, will not be liable or accountable to our Operating Partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived if we, or such officer, director or employee acted in good faith. The partnership agreement also provides that we will not be liable to our Operating Partnership or any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by our Operating Partnership or any limited partner, except for liability for our intentional harm or gross negligence. Moreover, the partnership agreement provides that our Operating Partnership is required to indemnify us and our officers, directors, employees, agents and designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of our Operating Partnership, except (1) if the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) for any transaction for which the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit, in money, property or services or otherwise in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, if the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. We are not aware of any reported decision of a Maryland appellate court that has interpreted provisions similar to the provisions of the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership that modify and reduce our fiduciary duties or obligations as the general partner or reduce or eliminate our liability for money damages to our Operating Partnership and its partners, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel as to the enforceability of the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to modify or reduce the fiduciary duties that would be in effect were it not for the partnership agreement.
The consideration that we pay for the properties and assets we own may exceed their aggregate fair market value.
The amount of consideration that we pay for properties is based on management’s estimate of fair market value, including an analysis of market sales comparables, market capitalization rates for other properties and assets and general market conditions for such properties and assets. In certain instances, management’s estimate of fair market value may exceed the fair market value of these properties and assets.
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We are a holding company with no direct operations and, as such, we rely on funds received from our Operating Partnership to pay liabilities, and the interests of our stockholders are structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through our Operating Partnership. We do not have, apart from an interest in our Operating Partnership, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from our Operating Partnership to pay any dividends that we may declare on shares of our capital stock. We also rely on distributions from our Operating Partnership to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from our Operating Partnership. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
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We may have assumed unknown liabilities in connection with our acquisition of properties and any properties we may acquire in the future may expose us to unknown liabilities.
We may have acquired entities and assets that may be subject to existing liabilities, some of which may be unknown or unquantifiable. These assumed liabilities might include liabilities for cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions, claims by tenants, vendors, tax liabilities and accrued but unpaid liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business or other potential claims or liabilities. While in some instances we may have the right to seek reimbursement against an insurer, any recourse against third parties, including the contributors of our assets, for these liabilities are limited. There can be no assurance that we are entitled to any such reimbursements or that ultimately we will be able to recover in respect of such rights for any of these historical liabilities.
In addition, there can be no assurance that our current title insurance policies will adequately protect us against any losses resulting from such title defects or adverse developments.
We may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, against the prior owners or other third parties with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include:
 
liabilities for
clean-up
of undisclosed or undiscovered environmental contaminationcontamination;
 
claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;
 
liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
 
claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or OFAC, maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned, or Prohibited Persons. OFAC regulations and other laws prohibit conducting business or engaging in transactions with Prohibited Persons. Certain of our loan and other agreements may require us to comply with these OFAC requirements. If a tenant or other party with whom we contract is placed on the OFAC
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list, we may be required by the OFAC requirements to terminate the lease or other agreement. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or a damage claim by the other party that the termination was wrongful.
Tax protection agreements may limit our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties and may require our Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate our business.
In connection with contributions of properties to our Operating Partnership, our Operating Partnership has entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements under which it agrees to minimize the tax consequences to the contributing partners resulting from the sale or other disposition of the contributed properties. Tax protection agreements may make it economically prohibitive to sell any properties that are subject to such agreements even though it may otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests to do so. In addition, we may be required to maintain a minimum level of indebtedness throughout the term of any tax protection agreement regardless of whether such debt levels are otherwise required to operate our business.
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Nevertheless, we have entered and may in the future enter into tax protection agreements to assist contributors of properties to our Operating Partnership in deferring the recognition of taxable gain as a result of and after any such contribution.
Our charter, our amended and restated bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares.
Our charter contains ownership limits that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to qualify as a REIT. Unless exempted by our boardBoard of directors,Directors, our charter provides that no person may own more than 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares of capital stock or more than 9.8% in value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may not grant such an exemption to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the foregoing ownership limits would result in the termination of our status as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our boardBoard of directorsDirectors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify as a REIT. The ownership limit may delay or impede a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
We could authorize and issue stock without stockholder approval that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may also, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase the authorized number of shares of our common stock or our preferred stock that we may issue. Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors could establish a class or series of common stock or preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
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Certain provisions of Maryland law could delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control. In some cases, such an acquisition or change of control could provide you with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of your shares. These MGCL provisions include:
 
“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” for certain periods. An “interested stockholder” is generally any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the
two-year
period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then-outstanding voting stock. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if our boardBoard of directorsDirectors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. Business combinations with an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. After that period, the MGCL imposes two super-majority voting requirements on such combinations; and
 
“control share” provisions that provide that holders of “control shares” of our Company acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights with respect to the control shares unless holders of
two-thirds
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two-thirds
of our voting stock (excluding interested shares) consent. “Control shares” are shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors. A “control share acquisition” is the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares” from a party other than the issuer.
In the case of the business combination provisions of the MGCL, we opted out by resolution of our boardBoard of directors.Directors. In the case of the control share provisions of the MGCL, we opted out pursuant to a provision in our amended and restated bylaws. However, our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL. Further, we may opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future by amending our bylaws, which our boardBoard of directorsDirectors can do without stockholder approval.
Maryland law, and our charter and amended and restated bylaws, also contain other provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
The ability of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors to revoke our REIT status without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.
Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may amend our investing and financing guidelines without stockholder approval, and, accordingly, you would have limited control over changes in our policies that could increase the risk that we default under our debt obligations or that could harm our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Although we are not required to maintain any particular leverage ratio, we intend, when appropriate, to employ prudent amounts of leverage and to use debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of our target assets and the diversification of our portfolio. Our organizational documents do not limit the amount
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or percentage of debt that we may incur, nor do they limit the types of properties that we may acquire or develop. The amount of leverage we will deploy for particular investments in our target assets will depend upon our management team’s assessment of a variety of factors, which may include the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the target assets in our investment portfolio, the potential for losses, the availability and cost of financing the assets, our opinion of the creditworthiness of our financing counterparties, the health of the U.S. economy and commercial mortgage markets, our outlook for the level, slope and volatility of interest rates, the credit quality of our target assets and the collateral underlying our target assets. Our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may alter or eliminate our current guidelines on investing and financing at any time without stockholder approval. Changes in our strategy or in our investing and financing guidelines could expose us to greater credit risk and interest rate risk and could also result in a more leveraged balance sheet. These factors could result in an increase in our debt service and could adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make expected distributions to you. Higher leverage also increases the risk that we would default on our debt.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer generally has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. As
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permitted by the MGCL, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
 
actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or
 
active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
In addition, our charter authorizes us to obligate our Company, and our amended and restated bylaws require us, to indemnify and pay or reimburse our present and former directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken in good faith by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our Company, your ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited.
General Risk Factors
We may incur significant costs complying with various federal, state and local laws, regulations and covenants that are applicable to our properties, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock and preferred stock.
The properties in our portfolio are subject to various covenants and federal, state and local laws and regulatory requirements, including permitting and licensing requirements. Local regulations, including municipal or local ordinances, zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by community developers may restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval or waivers from local officials or restrict our use of our properties and may require us to obtain approval from local officials of community standards organizations at any time with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. Among other things, these restrictions may relate to fire and safety, seismic or hazardous material abatement requirements. There can be no assurance that existing or future laws and regulatory policies, including federal laws or executive actions affecting the markets in which we operate, will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that could increase such delays or result in additional costs. Our growth strategy may be affected by our ability to obtain permits, licenses and zoning relief. Our failure to obtain such permits, licenses and zoning relief or to comply with applicable laws could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
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Climate change may adversely affect our business.
To the extent that climateClimate change does occur, we may experienceresult in extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage or a decrease in demand for our properties located in the areas affected by these conditions. For example, a number of our properties are located in Arizona which is facing water supply issues resulting from the ongoing drought in the Western United States. In August 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation declared a Tier 2 shortage at Lake Mead, which increased water restrictions for states in the southwest. Beginning in January 2023, Arizona will forfeit approximately 21% of the state’s yearly allotment of water from Lake Mead. The success of our Arizona properties may continue to be negatively impacted by increased stress on water supplies caused by climate change. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties in order to comply with such regulations. The federal government has enacted, and some of the states and localities in which we operate may enact, certain climate change laws and regulations or have begun regulating carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions. Although these laws and regulations have not had any known material adverse effects on our business to date, they could result in substantial costs, including compliance costs, increased energy costs,
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retrofit costs and construction costs, including monitoring and reporting costs, and capital expenditures for environmental control facilities and other new equipment. Furthermore, our reputation could be negatively affected if we violate climate change laws or regulations. We cannot predict how future laws and regulations, or future interpretations of current laws and regulations, related to climate change will affect our properties, business, results of operations and financial condition. Lastly, the physical impacts of climate change on our operations are highly uncertain, and would be particular to the geographic circumstances in areas in which we operate. These may include changes in global weather patterns, which could include changes in rainfall and storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, changing sea levels and changing temperature averages or extremes. These impacts may adversely affect our properties, our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Litigation may result in unfavorable outcomes.
Like many real estate operators, we may be involved in lawsuits involving premises liability claims and alleged violations of landlord-tenant laws, which may give rise to class action litigation or governmental investigations. Any material litigation not covered by insurance, such as a class action, could result in us incurring substantial costs and harm our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
Our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting.
The design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent all errors, misstatements or misrepresentations. While management will continue to review the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, there can be no guarantee that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in accomplishing all control objectives all of the time. Deficiencies, including any material weakness, in our internal control over financial reporting that may occur in the future could result in misstatements of our results of operations, restatements of our financial statements, or otherwise adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock, and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to the holders of our common stock or preferred stock.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.
Despite system redundancy and the implementation of security measures for our IT networks and related systems, our systems are vulnerable to damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war, and telecommunication failures. We rely on our IT networks and related systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and keeping of records, which may include personal identifying information of tenants and lease data. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing confidential tenant information, such as individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our IT networks and related systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our operations. As such, any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or the market price of our common stock or preferred stock.
We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks,cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT)IT networks and related systems.
We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attackscyber-attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to
e-mails,
persons inside our organization or persons with
 
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access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attackcyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform
day-to-day
operations (including managing our building systems or those of our third-party providers that we rely on), and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. There can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could, among other things:
 
result in unauthorized access to, destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, including personally identifiable and account information that could be used to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;
 
result in unauthorized access to or changes to our financial accounting and reporting systems and related data;
 
result in our inability to maintain building systems relied on by our tenants;
 
require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damage that results;
 
subject us to regulatory penalties or claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or terminations of leases or other agreements; or
 
damage our reputation among our tenants and investors.
These events could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the quoted trading price of our securities, and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to our security holders.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
City Office REIT recognizes the importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data.
The Company has integrated cybersecurity risk management into our overall risk assessment framework to identify, evaluate and manage cybersecurity threats and risks. Our CFO works closely with our IT service provider and internal auditors to continuously evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.
Recognizing the complexity and evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, the Company engages with internal auditors and a range of external experts, including cybersecurity assessors and consultants, in evaluating and testing our systems and security processes. These partnerships enable us to leverage specialized knowledge and insights, ensuring our cybersecurity strategies and processes remain at the forefront of industry best practices. Our collaboration with these third-parties includes reviews of cybersecurity-related processes and controls in line with current international cybersecurity standards to evaluate the maturity and risks of our current
 
36 
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cybersecurity program and consults on security enhancements. The Company further collaborates with these third-parties to conduct threat assessments, penetration testing and social engineering testing to assess the Company’s systems, applications and personnel education and awareness regarding cybersecurity threats. As we are aware of the risks associated with third-party service providers, the Company maintains ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with our service level requirements.
As of the date of this filing, we do not believe that our Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, have been materially affected by any cybersecurity incidents for the reporting period covered by this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
While we have not experienced any material cybersecurity threats or incidents to our knowledge in recent years, there can be no guarantee that we will not be the subject of future threats or incidents. For further discussion of the risks we face from cybersecurity threats, including those that could materially affect us, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form
10-K,
including “We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems.”
Governance
The Board of Directors and Audit Committee are acutely aware of the critical nature of managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Audit Committee is composed of Board members with diverse expertise, including in risk management, technology and finance, equipping them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively. The Audit Committee is central to the Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risks and bears the primary responsibility for this domain.
The CFO and CEO play a pivotal role in informing the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risks. The CFO, in his capacity, regularly informs the CEO of all aspects related to cybersecurity risks and incidents ensuring the highest levels of management are kept abreast of the cybersecurity posture and potential risks facing the Company. They provide briefings to the Audit Committee as needed, with a minimum frequency of once per year. These briefings encompass a broad range of topics, including:
Current cybersecurity landscape and emerging threats;
Status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies;
Incident reports and learnings from any cybersecurity events; and
Compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.
Monitoring
While we have not had any material cybersecurity breaches to our knowledge in recent years, the CFO is continually informed about the latest developments in cybersecurity, including potential threats and risk management techniques. The CFO implements and oversees processes for the regular monitoring of our information systems. This includes the deployment of security measures and system audits as needed to identify potential vulnerabilities. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, the CFO is equipped with an incident response plan. This plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact and long-term strategies for remediation and prevention of future incidents.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we owned 2524 office complexes comprised of 6558 office buildings with a total of approximately 5.85.7 million square feet of NRA in the metropolitan areas of Dallas, Denver, Orlando, Phoenix, Portland, Raleigh, San Diego, Seattle and Tampa. The following table presents an overview of our portfolio as of December 31, 2020.2023.
 
Metropolitan
Area
  
Property
  
Economic
Interest
  
NRA
(000s
Square
Feet)
   
In Place
Occupancy
  
Annualized
Base Rent
per Square
Foot
   
Annualized
Gross Rent
per Square
Foot
(1)
   
Annualized
Base Rent
(2)

($000s)
 
Phoenix, AZ
(20.8% of NRA)
  Pima Center   100.0%   272    67.9%  $27.47   $27.47   $5,072 
  SanTan   100.0%   267    93.1%  $29.02   $29.02   $7,199 
  
5090 N. 40
th
 St
   100.0%   175    94.4%  $29.99   $29.99   $4,959 
  Camelback Square   100.0%   174    77.0%  $31.86   $31.86   $4,270 
  The Quad   100.0%   163    97.4%  $30.23   $30.55   $4,799 
  Papago Tech   100.0%   163    90.9%  $22.73   $22.73   $3,362 
Tampa, FL (17.9%)
  Park Tower   94.8%   470    88.4%  $26.44   $26.44   $10,983 
  City Center   95.0%   243    93.8%  $26.57   $26.57   $6,046 
  Intellicenter   100.0%   204    100.0%  $24.53   $24.53   $4,993 
  Carillon Point   100.0%   124    100.0%  $28.80   $28.80   $3,577 
Denver, CO (13.8%)
  
Denver Tech
(3)
   100.0%   381    89.7%  $23.09   $27.16   $7,831 
  Circle Point   100.0%   272    81.6%  $18.63   $32.63   $4,134 
  Superior Pointe   100.0%   152    94.4%  $18.31   $30.77   $2,622 
Orlando, FL (12.4%)
  
Florida Research Park 
(4)
   96.6%   397    98.5%  $23.74   $27.17   $9,266 
  Central Fairwinds   97.0%   168    85.5%  $26.17   $26.17   $3,764 
  Greenwood Blvd   100.0%   155    100.0%  $23.25   $23.25   $3,605 
San Diego, CA (9.9%)
  Sorrento Mesa   100.0%   296    85.3%  $33.91   $41.91   $8,561 
  Mission City   100.0%   281    91.1%  $36.41   $36.41   $9,333 
Dallas, TX (9.9%)
  190 Office Center   100.0%   303    79.8%  $26.13   $26.13   $6,327 
  Lake Vista Pointe   100.0%   163    100.0%  $16.50   $25.50   $2,695 
  2525 McKinnon   100.0%   111    91.6%  $28.61   $45.61   $2,919 
Portland, OR (5.7%)
  AmberGlen   76.0%   203    98.4%  $22.42   $24.95   $4,468 
  Cascade Station   100.0%   128    100.0%  $27.37   $28.74   $3,490 
Seattle, WA (3.5%)
  Canyon Park   100.0%   207    100.0%  $21.84   $29.84   $4,515 
                                
Total / Weighted Average—Excluding Assets Held For Sale
(5)
 
 
 
5,472
 
  
 
90.6
% 
 
$
26.00
 
  
$
29.07
 
  
$
128,790
 
                         
Denver, CO (6.1%)
  
Cherry Creek
(6)
   100.0%   356    89.7%  $19.58   $19.58   $6,245 
                                
Total / Weighted Average—December 31, 2020
(5)
 
 
 
5,828
 
  
 
90.5
% 
 
$
25.61
 
  
$
28.50
 
  
$
135,035
 
                         
Metropolitan
Area
 
Property
 
Economic
Interest
  
NRA
(000s
Square
Feet)
  
In Place
Occupancy
  
Annualized
Base Rent
per Square
Foot
  
Annualized
Gross Rent
per Square
Foot
(1)
  
Annualized
Base Rent
(2)

($000s)
 
Phoenix, AZ
(26.7% of NRA)
 
Block 23
  100.0%   307   94.5%  $30.24  $33.29  $8,771 
 
Pima Center
  100.0%   272   56.9%  $29.74  $29.74  $4,596 
 
SanTan
  100.0%   267   49.1%  $32.28  $32.28  $4,224 
 
5090 N. 40
th
St
  100.0%   175   69.3%  $34.73  $34.73  $4,215 
 
Camelback Square
  100.0%   172   85.9%  $34.97  $34.97  $5,179 
 
The Quad
  100.0%   163   94.8%  $33.81  $34.18  $5,223 
 
Papago Tech
  100.0%   163   67.8%  $25.87  $25.87  $2,856 
Tampa, FL
(18.5%)
 
Park Tower
  94.8%   480   90.0%  $28.65  $28.65  $12,389 
 
City Center
  95.0%   244   88.6%  $30.75  $30.75  $6,647 
 
Intellicenter
  100.0%   204   100.0%  $26.21  $26.21  $5,333 
 
Carillon Point
  100.0%   124   100.0%  $30.86  $30.86  $3,833 
Denver, CO
(14.1%)
 
Denver Tech
  100.0%   381   85.6%  $24.66  $29.11  $7,848 
 
Circle Point
  100.0%   272   90.6%  $20.07  $35.94  $4,948 
 
Superior Pointe
  100.0%   152   71.7%  $18.79  $32.79  $2,051 
Orlando, FL
(12.7%)
 
Florida Research Park
  96.6%   397   87.2%  $26.28  $28.23  $9,002 
 
Central Fairwinds
  97.0%   168   90.7%  $28.62  $28.62  $4,365 
 
Greenwood Blvd
  100.0%   155   100.0%  $24.75  $24.75  $3,837 
Raleigh, NC
(8.7%)
 
Bloc 83
  100.0%   495   83.6%  $38.41  $38.81  $15,896 
Portland, OR
(5.8%)
 
AmberGlen
  76.0%   203   90.1%  $23.75  $27.30  $4,356 
 
Cascade Station
  100.0%   128   61.4%  $27.92  $31.48  $2,196 
Dallas, TX
(5.0%)
 
The Terraces
  100.0%   173   100.0%  $39.53  $60.53  $6,824 
 
2525 McKinnon
  100.0%   111   97.8%  $30.84  $50.84  $3,360 
San Diego, CA
(4.9%)
 
Mission City
  100.0%   281   80.9%  $39.87  $39.87  $9,070 
Seattle, WA
(3.6%)
 
Canyon Park
  100.0%   207   100.0%  $23.86  $29.86  $4,934 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total / Weighted Average—December 31, 2023
(3)
 
 
 
5,694
 
 
 
84.5
% 
 
$
29.55
 
 
$
33.01
 
 
$
141,953
 
   
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
(1)
Annualized gross rent per square foot includes adjustment for estimated expense reimbursements of triple net leases for the year ended December 31, 2020.leases.
(2)
Annualized base rent is calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month ended December 31, 20202023 by (ii) 12.
(3)Denver Tech is comprised of 7601 Tech and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”).
(4)Florida Research Park is comprised of FRP Collection and FRP Ingenuity Drive.
(5)
Averages weighted based on the property’s NRA, adjusted for occupancy.
(6)The Cherry Creek property was under contract for sale at December 31, 2020.
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Lease Maturity Profile
The chart below sets out the percentage of NRA of our properties subject to lease expiration during the periods shown without regard to renewal options.
Lease Maturity Schedule
(1)
 

 
(1)
Percentage represents the NRA of the leases divided by the total NRA of the portfolio, as of December 31, 2020.2023.
(2)
1.3%2.0% represents the leases under contract but not yet in occupancy as of December 31, 2020, of which 0.7% represents the Cherry Creek property, which was under contract for sale at December 31, 2020.
(3)
6.0% represents the Cherry Creek property, which was under contract for sale at December 31, 2020.2023.
The following table sets forth the lease expirations for leases in place in our properties as of December 31, 2020,2023, plus available space, for each of the calendar years ending December 31, 20212024 to December 31, 2030,2033 and thereafter. The information set forth in the table assumes that tenants exercise no renewal options and do not exercise early termination rights. Leases in place have a weighted average term to maturity of 4.54.6 years.
 
Year of Lease Expiration
 
Number of
Leases
Expiring
 
NRA of
Expiring
Leases
(000s)
 
Percentage of
NRA
 
Annualized
Base Rent
(1
)
(000s)
 
Percentage of
Total Properties
Rent
 
Annualized
Base Rent
per Leased
Square
Foot
Expiring
(2)
 
Annualized
Base Rent
(including Rent
Abatement at
Dec 31, 2020)
 
Annualized
Base Rent
per Leased
Square Foot
Expiring
(Including
Rent
Abatement
at Dec 31,
2020)
  
Number of
Leases
Expiring
 
NRA of
Expiring
Leases
(000s)
 
Percentage of
NRA
 
Annualized
Base Rent
(1)
(000s)
 
Percentage of
Total Properties
Rent
 
Annualized
Base Rent
per Leased
Square
Foot
Expiring
(2)
 
Annualized
Base Rent
(including Rent
Abatement at
Dec 31, 2023)
 
Annualized
Base Rent
per Leased
Square Foot
Expiring
(Including
Rent
Abatement at
Dec 31, 2023)
 
Vacant
  —  477  8.2%   —   —   —   —   —   —  767  13.5%   —   —   —   —   — 
Contracted
  —  74  1.3%   —   —   —   —   — 
2021
 60  500  8.6%  15,806  11.7%  31.61  15,806  31.61 
2022
 54  698  12.0%  18,819  13.9%  26.96  18,714  26.81 
2023
 65  800  13.7%  21,961  16.3%  27.45  21,559  26.95 
Contracted
Contracted
Contracted
  —  114  2.0%   —   —   —   —   — 
2024
 54  596  10.2%  15,753  11.7%  26.43  15,587  26.15 
2024
2024
2024
 62  551  9.7%  15,629  11.0%  28.36  15,629  28.36 
2025
 35  455  7.8%  12,236  9.1%  26.89  12,213  26.84 
2025
2025
2025
 57  499  8.8%  15,060  10.6%  30.18  15,060  30.18 
2026
 23  719  12.3%  16,189  12.0%  22.52  15,832  22.02 
2026
2026
2026
 41  510  9.0%  14,034  9.9%  27.52  13,312  26.10 
2027
 11  528  9.1%  10,652  7.9%  20.17  10,035  19.01 
2027
2027
2027
 43  717  12.6%  20,102  14.2%  28.04  20,102  28.04 
2028
 10  257  4.4%  6,015  4.5%  23.40  6,015  23.40 
2028
2028
2028
 57  641  11.3%  17,682  12.5%  27.59  16,138  25.18 
2029
 3  230  3.9%  5,157  3.8%  22.42  4,202  18.27 
2030 & Thereafter
 8  494  8.5%  12,447  9.1%  25.20  10,886  22.04 
2029
2029
2029
 31  605  10.6%  18,319  12.9%  30.28  17,302  28.60 
2030
2030
2030
2030
 19  333  5.8%  11,746  8.3%  35.27  9,791  29.40 
2031
2031
2031
2031
 10  239  4.2%  6,242  4.4%  26.12  3,396  14.21 
2032
2032
2032
2032
 9  231  4.1%  8,418  5.9%  36.44  7,395  32.01 
2033 & Thereafter
2033 & Thereafter
2033 & Thereafter
2033 & Thereafter
 17  487  8.4%  14,721  10.3%  30.23  12,477  25.62 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
                        
Total / Weighted Average
 
 
323
 
 
 
5,828
 
 
 
100.0
% 
 
$
135,035
 
 
 
100.0
% 
 
$
25.61
 
 
$
130,849
 
 
$
24.80
 
Total / Weighted Average
Total / Weighted Average
Total / Weighted Average
 
 
346
 
 
 
5,694
 
 
 
100.0
% 
 
$
141,953
 
 
 
100.0
% 
 
$
29.55
 
 
$
130,602
 
 
$
27.14
 
                      
 
(1)
Annualized base rent is calculated by multiplying (i) rental payments (defined as cash rents before abatements) for the month of December 31, 2020,2023, by (ii) 12.
(2)
Annualized rent per leased square foot expiring reflects rental payments for the month of December 31, 2020,2023, multiplied by 12 and divided by the NRA of expiring lease.
 
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We and our subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to litigation arising from the ordinary course of their business. We are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any other litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence or other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance and all of which collectively are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations or business or financial condition.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
 
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock has been listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CIO” since April 15, 2014. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock.
On February 19, 2021,16, 2024, the closing sale price of our common stock on the NYSE was $10.15 American Stock Transfer &$4.75. Equiniti Trust Company, LLC is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. On February 19, 2021,16, 2024, we had 4558 holders of record of our common stock. This figure does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners of our common stock because shares of our common stock are frequently held in “street name” by securities dealers and others for the benefit of beneficial owners who may vote the shares.
We generally intend to continue to declare quarterly dividends on our common stock.stock, subject to the Board’s discretion and applicable law. The actual amount and timing of dividends, however, will be at the discretion of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors and will depend upon our financial condition in addition to the requirements of the Code and Maryland law, and no assurance can be given as to the amounts or timing of future distributions. See “Distribution Policy.”distributions, if any. From time to time, our boardBoard of directorsDirectors may approve the repurchase of our shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, through open market purchases or otherwise.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by Item 5 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
 
40
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Stock Performance Graph
The following graph sets forth the five-year cumulative stockholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends) to our stockholders, during the period April 21, 2014, the date our common stock began trading on the NYSE, through December 31, 2020, as well as the corresponding returns on an overall stock market index (Russell 2000 Index) and atwo peer group indexindexes (MSCI US REIT Index and Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Office Index). The stock performance graph assumes that $100 was invested on April 21, 2014.December 31, 2018. Historical total stockholder return is not necessarily indicative of future results. The MSCI US REIT Index consists of equity REITs that are included in the MSCI US Investible Market 2500 Index, except for specialty equity REITs that do not generate a majority of their revenue and income from real estate rental and leasing operations. The Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index consists of publicly traded U.S. office REITs. We have included the MSCI US REIT Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Office Index because we believe that iteach is representative of the industry in which we compete and, therefore, each is relevant to an assessment of our performance.
 

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
On March 9, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. In July 2020, the Company completed the full March 2020 share repurchase program. On August 5, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase up to an additional aggregate amount of $50 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. In September 2022, the Company completed the full August 2020 share repurchase plan. On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase plan (“Repurchase Program”) authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $50 million of its outstanding shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock. Under the share repurchase programs, the shares may be repurchased from time to time using a variety of methods, which may include open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, all in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC and other applicable legal requirements.
Repurchased shares of common stock will be classified as authorized and unissued shares. The Company recognizes the cost of shares of common stock it repurchases, including direct costs incurred, as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. Such reductions of stockholders equity due to the repurchases of shares of common stock
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repurchased will be applied first, to reduce common stock in the amount of the par value associated with the shares of common stock repurchased and second, to reduce additional
paid-in
capital by the amount that the purchase price for the shares of common stock repurchased exceed the par value.
There were no shares repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed the repurchase of 4,006,897 shares of its common stock for approximately $50.0 million. There were no shares repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2021.
41
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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Share repurchase activity under our share repurchase plans, on a trade date basis, for the three months ended December 31, 2020, was as follows:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Period
  
Total

Number of
Shares of Common
Stock

Purchased
   
Average Price
Paid per Share of
Common Stock
Repurchased
   
Total Number of
Shares of Common
Stock Purchased
as Part of Share
Repurchase Plans
   
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares of
Common Stock that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Share Repurchase

Plans
(1)

(thousands)
 
October 1 – 31, 2020
   —     $—      —     $50,000 
November 1 – 30, 2020
           —              —              —      50,000 
December 1 – 31, 2020
   —      —      —      50,000 
                    
Total
   —     $—      —     $50,000 
                    
(1)
Represents approximate dollar value of shares that could have been purchased under the plans in effect at the end of the month.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company completed the repurchase of 11,363,851 shares of its common stock for approximately $100.0 million. There were no shares repurchased during the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
The following table sets forth summary financial and operating data on a consolidated and historical basis for our Company.
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City Office REIT, Inc.
(In thousands, except per share data)
  
Years Ended December 31,
 
  
2020
  
2019
  
2018
  
2017
  
2016
 
Statement of Operations Data
     
Rental and other revenues
 $160,840  $156,297  $129,484  $106,487  $72,461 
Operating expenses:
     
Property operating expenses
  58,312   57,316   49,872   42,886   28,305 
General and administrative
  10,690   11,066   8,137   6,792   6,429 
Depreciation and amortization
  60,367   59,159   52,352   41,594   30,178 
Impairment of real estate
  —     —     3,497   —     —   
Acquisition costs
  —     —     —     —     692 
Base management fee
  —     —     —     —     109 
External advisor acquisition
  —     —     —     —     7,045 
                    
Total operating expenses
  129,369   127,541   113,858   91,272   72,758 
                    
Operating income/(loss)
  31,471   28,756   15,626   15,215   (297) 
Interest expense, net
  (27,689)   (29,726)   (23,937)   (20,173)   (14,761) 
Net gain on sale of real estate property
  1,347   3,412   46,980   12,116   15,934 
Change in fair value of contingent consideration
  —     —     —     2,000   —   
Change in fair value of
earn-out
  —     —     —     —     (500) 
                    
Net income
  5,129   2,442   38,669   9,158   376 
Less:
     
Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interests in properties
  (602)   (644)   (501)   (3,402)   (354) 
Net income attributable to Operating Partnership unitholders’
non-controlling
interests
  —     —     —     —     (865) 
                    
Net income/(loss) attributable to the Company
  4,527   1,798   38,168   5,756   (843) 
Preferred stock distributions
  (7,420)   (7,420)   (7,420)   (7,411)   (1,781) 
                    
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders
 $(2,893)  $(5,622)  $30,748  $(1,655)  $(2,624) 
                    
Net (loss)/income per common share—basic and diluted
 $(0.06)  $(0.13)  $0.82  $(0.05)  $(0.13) 
Dividend distributions declared per common share
 $0.60  $0.94  $0.94  $0.94  $0.94 
Balance Sheet Data (as of end of period)
     
Real estate properties, net of accumulated depreciation
 $955,589  $1,007,338  $935,163  $728,067  $550,324 
Total assets
  1,157,292   1,228,474   1,100,431   896,489   661,494 
Debt
  677,242   607,250   645,354   489,509   370,057 
Total liabilities
  739,417   679,342   702,054   536,657   405,435 
Total stockholders’ equity
  416,926   548,008   397,413   359,624   254,202 
Non-controlling
interests in properties
  949   1,124   964   208   1,749 
Operating Partnership unitholders’
non-controlling
interests
  —     —     —     —     108 
Total equity
  417,875   549,132   398,377   359,832   256,059 
Other Data
     
Cash flows from/(to):
     
Operating activities
 $59,923  $49,499  $42,187  $36,553  $19,147 
Investing activities
  (27,803)   (81,922)   (197,309)   (243,298)   (216,235) 
Financing activities
  (73,692)   86,801   153,253   212,108   203,425 
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ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto of the City Office REIT, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 2019. 
2022.
As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “our company” refer to City Office REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including City Office REIT Operating Partnership L.P., a Maryland limited partnership of which we are the sole general partner and which we refer to in this section as our Operating Partnership,“Operating Partnership”, except where it is clear from the context that the term only means City Office REIT, Inc.
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (this “MD&A”) contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with those statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those in “Risk Factors” and included in other portions of this document.Annual Report on Form
10-K.
You should read the following MD&A in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Report. Annual Report on Form
10-K.
We have omitted from this MD&A a detailed discussion of the year-over-year changes from the Company’s fiscal year 20182021 as compared to fiscal year 2019,2022, which can be found in the MD&A section in the Company’s annual report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2019,2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2020.23, 2023.
Overview
Company
We were formed as a Maryland corporation on November 26, 2013. On April 21, 2014, we completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) of shares of common stock. We contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to our Operating Partnership in exchange for common units in our Operating Partnership. Both we and our Operating Partnership commenced operations upon completion of the IPO and certain related formation transactions.
The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles the Company to share in distributions from, and allocations of profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s percentage ownership of common units. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive power under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to manage and conduct the Operating Partnership’s business, subject to limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners.
The Company has elected to be taxed and will continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT under the Code. Subject to qualification as a REIT, the Company will be permitted to deduct dividend distributions paid to its stockholders, eliminating the U.S. federal taxation of income represented by such distributions at the Company level. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax.
During the year ended December 31, 2020,second quarter of 2023, the Company completedconsented to the repurchaseappointment of 11,363,851 sharesa receiver to assume possession and control of its common stockthe 190 Office Center property as a result of an event of default as defined in the property’s
non-recourse
loan agreement. Given the appointment of the receiver, the Company assessed whether the entity holding the property should be reassessed for approximately $100.0 million.
consolidation as a VIE in accordance with ASC 810 –
 
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On July 23, 2020,Consolidation. Based on its analysis, the Company soldconcluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE and therefore deconsolidated the property as of May 15, 2023. The Company deconsolidated the net carrying value of real estate assets of $35.7 million, the mortgage loan of $38.6 million, cash and restricted cash of $4.0 million and net current liabilities of $1.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a land parcel at the Circle Point property in Denver, Colorado for $6.5loss on deconsolidation of $0.1 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $1.3 million net of disposal-related costs and taxes paid by our taxable REIT subsidiary, which has been classified asincluded within net loss/gain on saledisposition of real estate property inon the Company’s consolidated statementsstatement of operations.operations and statement of cash flows. During the fourth quarter of 2023, title of the property was transferred to the lender.
Indebtedness
On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to its amended and restated credit agreement, dated November 16, 2021 (as amended, the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) for the Unsecured Credit Facility and entered into a three-year $25 million term loan, increasing its total authorized borrowings from $350 million to $375 million. Borrowings under the $25 million term loan bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of 210 basis points. In conjunction with the term loan, the Company also entered into a three-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $25 million, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately 3.90%.
On January 5, 2023, the Company transitioned the borrowing rate of its Unsecured Credit Facility and $50 million term loan from LIBOR to daily-simple SOFR. The Company also amended the $50.0 million interest rate swap to transition from LIBOR to daily-simple SOFR. The Company applied the practical expedients available under the reference rate reform guidance and accounted for the modifications as continuations of the existing contracts. The Company also applied the practical expedients available for hedging relationships, which preserves the presentation of the derivative consistent with past presentation and does not result in dedesignation of the hedging relationship. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately 1.17% for the remainder of the five-year term.
On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a three-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $140.0 million, effective March 8, 2023, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the borrowing rate for $140.0 million of the Unsecured Credit Facility at approximately 4.19%.
On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into two amended and restated loan agreements for FRP Collection and Carillon Point for initial principal amounts of $26.3 million and $14.5 million, respectively, which among other things, extended the term for an additional five years and amended the interest rates from fixed to floating. The loans bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of 275 basis points. In conjunction with the amended and restated loan agreements, the Company also entered into two five-year interest rate swap agreements, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the borrowing rate of the loans at 4.30%.
At December 31, 2020, we2023, the Company had approximately $75.0$200.0 million outstanding under the Company’s unsecured credit facility (the “UnsecuredUnsecured Credit Facility”)Facility and a $7.0$4.2 million letter of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for a mortgage lender.
For additional information regarding these mortgage loans, the Unsecured Credit Facility, including the Company’s five-year $50 million term loanloans thereunder (the “Term Loan”) and the related five-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50 millionswaps to which the Company is a party, (the “Interest Rate Swap”), please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.
Revenue Base
As of December 31, 2020,2023, we owned 2524 properties comprised of 6558 office buildings with a total of approximately 5.85.7 million square feet of net rentable area (“NRA”).NRA. As of December 31, 2020,2023, our properties were approximately 90.5%84.5% leased.
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Office Leases
Historically, most leases for our properties have been on a full-service gross or net lease basis, and we expect to continue to use such leases in the future. A full-service gross lease generally has a base year expense “stop”,“stop,” whereby we pay a stated amount of expenses as part of the rent payment while future increases (above the base year stop) in property operating expenses are billed to the tenant based on such tenant’s proportionate square footage in the property. The property operating expenses are reflected in operating expenses; however, only the increased property operating expenses above the base year stop recovered from tenants are reflected as tenant recoveries inwithin rental and other revenues on our consolidated statements of operations. In a triple net lease, the tenant is typically responsible for all property taxes and operating expenses. As such, the base rent payment does not include any operating expenses, but rather all such expenses are billed to or paid by the tenant. The full amount of the expenses for this lease type is reflected in operating expenses, and the reimbursement is reflected inas tenant recoveries. All tenants in the Lake Vista Pointe, 2525 McKinnon, Sorrento Mesa and Canyon Park properties have triple net leases. Certain tenants at AmberGlen, Superior Pointe, Florida Research Park, Circle Point, The Quad, Cascade Station and Denver Tech have leases on a triple net basis. We are also a lessor for a fee simple ground lease at the AmberGlen property. All of our remaining leases are full-service gross leases.
Factors That May Influence Our Operating Results and Financial Condition
COVID-19
Economic Environment and Inflation
During
Economic conditions in the first quarter of 2020, the World Health Organization declared the
COVID-19
outbreak a pandemic. There have been mandates from international, federal, stateU.S. and local authorities requiring forced closures of businesses and other facilities, and most of the markets in which our buildings are located have been or are subject to some form of pandemic-related restrictions. These forced closures and restrictions have had a material adverse effect on the global economy and the regional U.S. economies in which we operate, including negatively impacting some of our tenants’ ability to pay their rent.
All of our buildings are open andglobally continue to operate. We have adoptedbe volatile, primarily due to the impacts of inflation. As inflation continued to reach new policieshighs, a chain reaction of events was set off, beginning with the U.S. Federal Reserve taking severe tightening measures, interest rates rising across the yield curve, volatility and procedures to incorporate best practices forlosses in the safety ofpublic equity and debt markets and concerns that the U.S. economy may experience a recession. The banking and lending sector in particular has been impacted by the interest rate environment. This evolving economic environment impacts our tenants, our vendors and our employees. However, the usage ofoperating activities as:
 
45
business leaders may generally become more reticent to make large capital allocation decisions, such as entry into a new lease, given the uncertain economic environment;
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our assetscost of capital has increased due to higher interest rates and credit spreads, and private market debt financing is significantly more challenging to arrange; and
retaining and attracting new tenants has become increasingly challenging due to potential business layoffs, downsizing and industry slowdowns.
Despite the challenging economic environment, there is increasing evidence that many businesses have or will tighten up
in-person
work policies as economic conditions worsen. Many of these companies increased their workforce beginning in 2020 was significantly lower than normal.without increasing their available space. We expect these factors will help offset, at least partially, the headwinds to office space demand.
Work-From-Home Trends
Our business has been and will likely continue to be impacted by tenant uncertainty regarding office space needs given the evolving remote and hybrid working trends. Usage of our assets in the near future depends on the duration of the pandemic, the implementation of
COVID-19
vaccines and corporate and individual decisions regarding return to usage of office space, which is impossible to estimate.
We continue to closely monitor the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on all aspects of our business and geographies. While we did not experience any significant disruptions during the year ended December 31, 2020, as a result of
COVID-19
or governmental or tenant actions in response thereto, the Company granted rent relief to nine tenants comprising approximately 1.1% of the Company’s occupied NRA, most often in the form of a rent deferral or rent abatement. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company granted additional rent abatements to four tenants who previously received relief, which combined comprises approximately 0.1% of the Company’s occupied NRA and an immaterial amount of rental revenue. Although the rent deferrals and rent abatements granted to date did not have a material impact on our rental revenue, the long-term impact of the pandemic on our tenants and the world-wide economy is uncertain and impossible to estimate, and will depend on the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic.
We believe that some of the industries most impacted by
COVID-19
are coworking, retail, restaurant and café, travel and accommodation, live event related and energy. We generally have limited exposure to these industries, with these sectors comprising approximately 3% of our portfolio by square footage. However, the impact of
COVID-19
extends to all sectors of the U.S. economy and as such, we expect that tenants outside of these select industries will also face significant challenges. Rating agencies downgraded the credit rating and outlook of many businesses as a result of
COVID-19.
Through February 19, 2021, we collected over 99% of contractually required base rents from our tenants for both the three months and fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. We granted rent relief for another approximately 0.1% and 0.3% of contractually required base rents from our tenants for the three months ended and fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, respectively. We have developed dedicated teams and processes to evaluate
non-payments
and rent relief requests. We evaluate each tenant rent relief request on an individual basis, considering a number of factors. Not all tenant requests ultimately result in modification agreements, nor are we foregoing our contractual rights under our lease agreements. We believe many of these requests received were from tenants who had the ability to pay rent at the time and were seeking opportunistic deferral opportunities. We continue to work efficiently to find tailored resolutions in each case where warranted, including potential deferrals of rent, lease term extensions with short-term rent relief, temporary percentage rent opportunities, or, in limited circumstances, rent abatement particularly when the tenant is viewed as an amenity to the building. We may incur additional losses in future periods due to tenants that default on their leases, file for bankruptcy and/or otherwise experience significant financial difficulty as a result of the duration of the
COVID-19
pandemic, but the extent of those losses is impossible to predict given the fluidity of the pandemic and its uncertain impact on economic activity.
Leasing activity has generally been slow, with the exception of the life science sector, and we believe it will continueis expected to be impacted by
COVID-19.
the evolving work-from-home trend until and unless tenants increase the utilization of their spaces. We have experienced and we expect that we will continue to experience slower new leasing, and there remains uncertainty over existing tenants’ long-term space requirements. Overall, this could reduce our anticipated rental revenues. In addition, certain tenants in our markets have and may explore opportunities to sublease all or a portion of their leased square footage to other tenants or third parties. While subleasing generally does not impact the ability to collect payment from the original lessee and will not result in any decrease in the rental revenues expected to be received from the primary tenant, this trend could reduce our ability to lease incremental square footage to new tenants, could increase the square footage of our properties that “goes dark”,dark,” could reduce anticipated rental revenue should tenants
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determine their long-term needs for square footage are lower than originally anticipated and potentiallycould impact the pricing and competitiveness for leaseleasing office space in our markets. Because construction activities have generally been classified as essential activities throughout our markets during the pandemic, we do not currently expect meaningful delays in customers taking occupancy under recently signed leases.
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During 2020, we made strategic adjustments to our business operations as a result of
COVID-19.
We ceased acquisition activities, allocated capital towards our share repurchase program and adjusted our common stock dividend which will allow us to operate with lower leverage and higher levels of liquidity than previously planned. We believe economic conditions, leasing activity and acquisition prospects have improved substantially since the initial phase of the pandemic and we will continue to actively evaluate business operations and strategies to optimally position ourselves. For a discussion of the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on our liquidityourselves given current economic and balance sheet, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.industry conditions.
The situation surrounding
COVID-19
remains fluid and we will continue to monitor and actively manage our response in collaboration with tenants, government officials and other third parties to optimally position the Company. Additional information about our response to the
COVID-19
pandemic and the impact on our business is included elsewhere in this MD&A.
Business and Strategy
We focus on owning and acquiring office properties in our target markets.footprint of growth markets predominantly in the Sun Belt. Our target markets generally possess what we believe are growing populations with above-average employment growth forecasts, a large number of government offices, large international, national and regional employers across diversified industries, generally
low-cost
lower-cost centers for business operations and a high quality of life. We believe these characteristics have made our markets desirable, as evidenced by domestic net migration generally towards our geographic footprint. We utilize our management’s market-specific knowledge and relationships as well as the expertise of local real estate operatorsproperty and our investment partnersleasing managers to identify acquisition opportunities that we believe will offer cash flow stability and long-term value appreciation. Our target markets are attractive, among other reasons, because we believe that ownership is often concentrated among local real estate operators that typically do not benefit from the same access to capital as public REITs and there is a relatively low level of participation of large institutional investors. We believe that these factors result in attractive pricing levels and risk-adjusted returns. The long-term impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic on these markets is uncertain and impossible to estimate, and will depend on the scope, severity and duration of the
COVID-19
pandemic.
Rental Revenue and Tenant Recoveries
The amount of net rental revenue generated by our properties will depend principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space and space that becomes available from lease terminations. The amount of rental revenue generated also depends on our ability to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. We believe that the average rental rates for our portfolio of properties are generally
in-line
or slightly below the current average quoted market rates. Negative trends in one or more of these factors could adversely affect our rental revenue in future periods. We continually monitor our tenants’ ability to meet their lease obligations to pay us rent to determine if any adjustments should be reflected currently. Future economic downturns or regional downturns affecting our markets or submarkets or downturns in our tenants’ industries, including as a result of rising interest rates and the
COVID-19
pandemic, increasing likelihood of a U.S. recession, that impair our ability to renew or
re-let
space and the ability of our tenants to fulfill their lease commitments, as in the case of tenant bankruptcies, could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase rental rates at our properties. In addition, growth in rental revenue will also partially depend on our ability to acquire additional properties that meet our investment criteria.
The Company, through wholly owned subsidiaries, is the landlord under leases totaling approximately 177,000 square feet with subsidiaries of WeWork Inc. (“WeWork”) at three of the Company’s properties. WeWork announced on November 6, 2023, that it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As of December 31, 2023, WeWork was operating at all three locations and the leases with Block 23, The Terraces and Bloc 83 had not been rejected as part of the WeWork bankruptcy proceedings. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the lease at Block 23 was rejected effective February 7, 2024. The Company continues to monitor rental payments and potential lease rejection related to WeWork, and the Company will continue to assess what it believes will be the likelihood of each of the two remaining WeWork leases being rejected in the bankruptcy proceedings as of each reporting period. For more information regarding the risks associated with a tenant in bankruptcy, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses generally consist of utilities, property and ad valorem taxes, insurance and site maintenance costs. Increases in these expenses over tenants’ base years (until the base year is reset at expiration) are generally passed along to tenants in our full-service gross leased properties and are generally paid in full by tenants in our net leased properties. The
COVID-19
pandemic did not cause a material change in our operating expenses for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
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Conditions in Our Markets
Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions in the markets we operate in, including state budgetary shortfalls, employment rates, natural hazards and other factors, may impact our overall performance.
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While we generally expect athe trend of positive population and economic growth in our
18-hour
Sun Belt cities to continue, there is no way for us to predict whether these trends will continue, especially in light of inflation and rising interest rates as well as the potential changes in tax policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy. In addition, it is uncertain and impossible to estimate the potential impact that the
COVID-19
pandemic work-from-home trend will have on the short- and long-term demand for office space in our markets. However, we continue to believe that the markets in which our properties are located will benefit over the long-term relative to gateway markets, such as New York, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Boston, Chicago and San Francisco.
Summary of SignificantCritical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Basis of Preparation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The Company hasWe have made a number of significant estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Significant estimates made include the recoverability of accounts receivable, allocation of property purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination and measurement of impairment of long-lived assets and the useful lives of long-lived assets. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best estimates and judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. Management adjustsWe adjust such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Business Combinations
TheWhen a property is acquired, we consider the substance of the agreement in determining whether the acquisition represents an asset acquisition or a business combination. Upon acquisitions of properties that constitute a business, the fair value of the real estate acquired, which includes the impact of fair value adjustments for assumed mortgage debt related to property acquisitions, is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, buildingbuildings and improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, other value of
in-place
leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. For acquisitions that do not meet the business combination accounting criteria, these are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company allocatesWe allocate the cost of the acquisition, which includes any associated acquisition costs, to individual assets and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Also,
non-controlling
interests acquired are recorded at estimated fair market value.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property (which includes land, buildingbuildings and improvements and fixtures and equipment) is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The
“as-if-vacant”
value is then allocated to land and buildingbuildings and improvements based on our determination of relative fair values of these assets. Factors considered by us in performing these analyses include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected
lease-up
periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected
lease-up
periods based on current market demand. We also estimate costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions.
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The fair value of above-market and below-market lease values are recorded based on the difference between the current in place lease rent and our estimate of current market rents. Below-market lease intangibles are
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recorded as part of acquired lease intangibles liability and amortized into rental revenue over the
non-cancelable
periods and bargain renewal periods of the respective leases. Above-market leases are recorded as part of intangible assets and amortized as a direct charge against rental revenue over the
non-cancelable
portion of the respective leases.
The fair value of acquired in place
in-place
leases are recorded based on the costs we estimate we would have incurred to lease the property to the occupancy level of the property at the date of acquisition. Such estimates include the fair value of leasing commissions and legal costs that would be incurred to lease the property to this occupancy level. Additionally, we evaluate the time period over which such occupancy level would be achieved and include an estimate of the net operating costs incurred during the
lease-up
period. Acquired
in-place
leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the individual leases.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases allow for the tenant to terminate the lease, but the tenant must make a termination payment as stipulated in the lease. If the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of lease inception, to be reasonably assured, then we recognize revenue over the term of the lease. We have determined that for these leases, the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of inception, to be reasonably assured. We recognize lease termination fees as other revenue in the period received and write off unamortized lease-related intangible and other lease-related account balances, provided there are no further obligations by us under the lease. Otherwise, such fees and balances are recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining obligation period with the termination payments being recorded as a component of rent receivable-deferred or deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.
If we fund tenant improvements and the tenant improvements are deemeddetermined to be owned by us, revenue recognition will commence when the improvements are substantially completed and possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant. Tenant improvements are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective lease.lease term. If we determine that the tenant allowances are lease incentives, we commence revenue recognition when possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant for tenant work to begin. The lease incentive is recorded as a deferred expense and amortized as a reduction of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term.
Recoveries from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period that the applicable costs are incurred. We recognize differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. Final billings to tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses did not vary significantly as compared to the estimated receivable balances.
Leases
We classify leases as a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease and recognize leases
on-balance
sheet where we are the lessee. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and financing
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities are included within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use
assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
Right-of-use
assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
Right-of-use
assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
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The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. For lease agreements with lease and
non-lease
components, we account for the components as a single combined lease component.
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Impairment of Real Estate Properties
Long-lived assets currently in use are reviewed periodically for possible impairment and will be written down to fair value if considered impaired. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are written down to the lower of cost or fair value less the estimated cost to sell. We review our real estate properties for impairment when there is an event or a change in circumstances that indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We measure and record impairment losses and reduce the carrying valueamount of properties when indicators of impairment are present and the expected undiscounted cash flows related to those properties are less than their carrying amounts. In cases in which we do not expect to recover ourthe carrying costs onamount of properties held for use, we reduce our carrying costsamount to fair value. The valuation of impaired assets is determined using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions and purchase offers received from third parties. We may consider a single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques, as appropriate, when estimating the fair value of our real estate.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) established Topic 848, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No. 2020-04.2020-04
(“ASU
2020-04”).
ASU
2020-04
provides companies with optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. For contracts affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met, companies can elect to not remeasure contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting conclusion. Companies can also elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. Further, in January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)ASU
No. 2021-01,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU
2021-01”).
ASU
2021-01
clarifiesclarified the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848.
ASU
2020-04
and ASU
2021-01
can be applied as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, however, the guidance will only be available for optional use through December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2022-06,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU
2022-06”).
ASU
2022-06
amends the date the guidance will be available to December 31, 2024. The new standard applies prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company transitioned its LIBOR-based contracts to SOFR and elected to apply the practical expedients to modifications of qualifying debt contracts and hedging relationships as continuations of the existing contracts, rather than as new contracts. Application of the hedge accounting expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation and does not result in dedesignation of hedging relationships. Applying the expedients did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has no remaining LIBOR-based contracts.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2023-07
(“ASU
2023-07”)
Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which will enhance segment disclosures. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This standard must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has not yet adopted the standard and continues to evaluateis currently evaluating the impact of ASU
2020-04
and ASU
2021-012023-07
on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements and may elect optional expedients in future periods as reference rate reform activities occur.disclosures.
On April 10, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a Staff Q&A to respond to some frequently asked questions about accounting for rent relief related to the effects
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COVID-19
pandemic. Consequently, for rent relief related to the effects of the
COVID-19
pandemic, an entity will not be required to analyze each contract to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for abatements exist in the contract and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance to those contracts. Entities may make the elections for any lessor-provided rent relief related to the effects of the
COVID-19
pandemic (e.g., deferrals of lease payments, reduced future lease payments, etc.) as long as the rent relief does not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. To date, the Company granted rent relief to certain tenants, most often in the form of a rent deferral or rent abatement. For rent relief granted that did not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee, the Company elected to not apply the lease modification guidance and instead account for the rent relief as though the enforceable rights and obligations for the relief existed in the original contract. For rent relief granted that resulted in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee, the Company applied the lease modification guidance to the applicable contracts.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 20202023 to Year Ended December 31, 20192022
Rental
and Other Revenues.
Revenue includes
Rental and other revenues include net rental income, including parking, signage and other income, as well as the recovery of operating costs and property taxes from tenants. Rental and other revenues increased $4.5decreased $1.4 million, or 3%1%, to $160.8$179.1 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to
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$156.3 $180.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Of2022. Revenue decreased at SanTan by $3.7 million due to a termination fee recognized in the prior year and lower resulting occupancy in the current period associated with an early tenant departure. In addition, the dispositions of 190 Office Center in May 2023 and Lake Vista Pointe in June 2022 reduced revenue by $4.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Revenue also decreased at 5090 by $1.1 million, due to lower occupancy at the property compared to the prior year. Offsetting these decreases, the December 2021 acquisition of Bloc 83 and The Terraces, which were undergoing first generation
lease-up
in 2022, increased revenue by $2.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Block 23 also benefited from first generation
lease-up
in 2022, as revenue increased by $1.7 million before write-offs, however, the
write-off
of straight-line rent and above market lease amortization totaling $1.4 million associated with the WeWork lease at this increase, the acquisitions of 7601 Tech, Cascade Station andlocation resulted in only a $0.3 million increase. Revenue also increased at Canyon Park contributed increasesby $1.5 million mainly due to the reversal of $4.0an accrued liability for a tenant improvement reimbursement that was no longer owed as the claim period had expired. In addition, higher occupancy at Park Tower, Circle Point, FRP Collection and City Center increased revenue by $2.1 million, $1.7 million, $0.9 million and $1.3$0.9 million, respectively. Revenue increased by $1.2 million at our DTC Crossroads property within the Denver Tech portfolio and by $0.9 million at our Sorrento Mesa property due to significant leasing transactions during the year, which lifted occupancy and rental income. Revenue from the Cherry Creek property also increased by $0.7 million, as it benefited from a lease termination fee payment during the year ended December 31, 2020. Partially offsetting these increases, rental revenue decreased at 190 Office Center and Pima Center by $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, due to a decrease in occupancy during the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 also benefited from a
one-time
payment of $2.6 million received as consideration for the assignment of a purchase contract. The assignment fee originated through our administrative services relationship. Revenues during the year ended December 31, 2020 were further impacted due to the sale of the Logan Tower property in December 2019 and the Plaza 25 property in February 2019, which decreased overall revenue by $1.2 and $0.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. The remaining properties’ rental and other revenues were relatively unchanged$0.9 million lower in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2019.prior period.
Operating Expenses
Total
Operating Expenses.
Total operating expenses consist of property operating expenses, general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization. Total operating expenses increased by $1.9decreased $9.7 million, or 1%6%, to $129.4$147.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from $127.5$157.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Total2022. The dispositions of 190 Office Center in May 2023 and Lake Vista Pointe in June 2022 decreased total operating expenses increased by $2.8 million, $1.2$10.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, fromrespectively. Of the acquisitions190 Office Center decrease, $6.9 million relates to the impairment of 7601 Tech,real estate recorded in the prior year as a result of the write-down of the property to fair value. Total operating expenses also decreased at Cascade Station by $6.8 million mainly due to the impairment of real estate recorded in the prior year as a result of the write-down of the property to fair value. Offsetting these decreases, the December 2021 acquisition of Block 23 and Canyon Park properties. Partially offsetting these increases,Bloc 83, which were undergoing first generation
lease-up
in 2022, increased total operating expenses decreased by $1.2$2.7 million and $0.2$1.9 million, respectively,respectively. The increase at Block 23 was further due to the saleaccelerated amortization of tenant-related assets recorded in the Logan Tower and Plaza 25 properties. Operatingcurrent year associated with the WeWork lease. In addition, total operating expenses at our Camelback SquarePark Tower, FRP Collection, and 5090 N. 40
th
Street properties decreased byCity Center increased $1.5 million, $0.6 million, and $0.5$0.7 million, respectively, due to higher depreciation and amortization expenses as a result ofoperating costs associated with higher occupancy over the full depreciation of certain assets during the year ended December 31, 2019.prior year. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4also increased $1.0 million, in the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to $1.1 million of
one-time
expenses incurred as a result of the assignment fee income earned during the year ended December 31, 2019, which was partially offset by higher payroll and stock-based compensation costs for the year ended December 31, 2020.expense. The remaining properties’ total operating expenses were marginally lower in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2019.prior period.
Property Operating Expenses.
Property operating expenses are comprised mainly of building common area and maintenance expenses, insurance, property taxes, property management fees, as well as certain expenses that are not recoverable from tenants, the majority of which are related to costs necessary to maintain the appearance and marketability of vacant space. In the normal course of business, property expenses fluctuate and are impacted by various factors including, but not limited to, occupancy levels, weather, utility costs, repairs, maintenance and
re-leasing
costs. Property operating expenses increased by $1.0$2.3 million, or 2%3%, to $58.3$70.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from $57.3$67.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Property operating expenses increased by $1.52022. Of the increase, the December 2021 acquisition of Block 23, Bloc 83 and The Terraces, which were undergoing first generation
lease-up
in 2022, contributed $0.8 million, $0.5$0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, from the acquisitions of 7601 Tech, Cascade Station and Canyon Park properties. Partially offsetting these increases,respectively. In addition, property operating expenses decreased by $0.8at Park Tower, FRP Collection and City Center increased $1.0 million, $0.3 million and $0.2$0.4 million, respectively, due to higher operating costs associated with higher occupancy over the saleprior year. Offsetting these increases, the dispositions of the Logan Tower190 Office Center in May 2023 and Plaza 25 properties.Lake Vista Pointe in June 2022 decreased
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property operating expenses by $2.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The remaining propertiesproperties’ property operating expenses were relatively unchanged$1.6 million higher in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2019.prior period, primarily due to inflation.
General and Administrative.
General and administrative expenses are comprised of public company reporting costs and the compensation of our management teamemployees and boardBoard of directors,Directors, as well as
non-cash
stock-based compensation expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased $0.4increased $1.0 million, or 3%8%, to $10.7$14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from $11.1$13.8 million reported for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease wassame period in 2022. General and administrative expenses increased primarily due to $1.1 million of
one-time
expenses incurred as a result of the assignment fee income earned during the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was partially offset by higher payroll and stock-based compensation costs for the year ended December 31, 2020.expense.
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Depreciation and Amortization.
Depreciation and amortization increased $1.2$0.5 million, or 2%1%, to $60.4$63.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from $59.2$62.5 million reported for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due tosame period in 2022. Of the addition of 7601 Tech, Cascade Stationincrease, Bloc 83 and Canyon Park properties. These increases were partially offset by a decrease at Logan Tower and the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa portfolio due to the sale of those properties. Depreciation and amortization was also lower at Camelback Square and 5090 N. 40
th
Street due to due toBlock 23 incurred higher depreciation and amortization expense of $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, related to amortization of tenanting costs. The increase at Block 23 was further due to the accelerated amortization of tenant-related assets recorded in the current year associated with the WeWork lease. Offsetting these increases, depreciation and amortization expense at our SanTan property decreased $1.3 million mainly due to accelerated amortization of tenant-related assets recorded in the prior year as certain assets had been fully depreciatedassociated with an early lease termination at the property. In addition, the disposition of 190 Office Center in May 2023 decreased depreciation and amortization expense by $1.1 million. The remaining properties’ depreciation and amortization expenses were marginally lower in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2019.prior year.
Other Expense (Income)
Interest Expense.
Interest expense decreased $2.0increased $6.2 million, or 7%23%, to $27.7$33.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, from $29.7$27.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The decreaseincrease was primarily attributable to a decrease ofhigher amounts drawn and higher interest expenserates on our Unsecured Credit Facility (as defined herein) primarilyfloating rate debt.
Net Loss/Gain on the Disposition of Real Estate Property.
 During the second quarter of 2023, the Company consented to the appointment of a receiver to assume possession and control of the 190 Office Center property as a result of lower floating interest ratesan event of default as defined in the property’s loan agreement. Given the appointment of the receiver, the Company deconsolidated the entity holding the property and related assets and liabilities during the second quarter and during the fourth quarter, title of the property was transferred to the lender. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a loss on deconsolidation of $0.1 million. In the prior year, the sole tenant at the Lake Vista Pointe property exercised its lease option to purchase the building and we signed a purchase and sale agreement with the tenant. At the time the tenant exercised the option, we reassessed the lease classification of the lease, in accordance with ASC 842 – Leases, and determined that the lease should be reclassified from an operating lease to a sales-type lease. This reclassification resulted in a gain on sale of $21.7 million net of disposal related costs. The Lake Vista Pointe property was sold in June 2022.
Impairment of Real Estate.
Impairment of real estate was nil for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to $13.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2019.
Net Gain on the Sale of Real Estate Property.
 We recorded a net gain on the sale of real estate property of $1.3 millionprior year. The impairment for the year ended December 31, 20202022 was related to the salewrite down of the land parcel at the Circle Point property in July 2020. The gross gain on sale was reduced by disposal-related costscarrying amounts of 190 Office Center and taxes paid by our taxable REIT subsidiary. In the prior year, we recorded a net gain on the sale of real estate property of $3.4 million relatedCascade Station, to the sale of the Logan Tower property in December 2019 for $2.9 million and the 10455 Pacific Center building of the Sorrento Mesa property in May 2019 for $0.5 million.fair value.
Cash Flows
Comparison of Period Ended December 31, 20202023 to Period Ended December 31, 20192022
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $46.0$43.4 million and $87.5$44.3 million as of December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 2019,2022, respectively.
Cash flow from operating activities.
Net cash provided by operating activities increaseddecreased by $10.4$49.5 million to $59.9$57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to $49.5$106.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The increasedecrease was primarily attributable to increased operating cash flowsreceipts from acquired properties and changes in working capital.the sales-type lease related to Lake Vista Pointe for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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Cash flow to investing activities.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $54.1$5.8 million to $27.8$41.3 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to $81.9$47.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily dueattributable to no acquisitionslower additions to real estate properties and deferred leasing costs in the current year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in cash used in investing activities attributable to the reduction of cash on disposition of real estate and lower proceeds fromproperty in the sale of real estate during thecurrent year ended December 31, 2020.related to 190 Office Center.
Cash flow to financing activities.
Net cash used in financing activities increaseddecreased by $160.5$40.8 million to $73.7$16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 compared to $86.8$57.6 million provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019.2022. The increasedecrease in cash used in financing activities was primarily dueattributable to repurchases of our common stock and no proceeds from sale of our common stock for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was partially offset by higher2022 and the decrease in net proceeds from our Unsecured Credit Facility borrowings in 2020for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2019.the year ended December 31, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had approximately $25.3$30.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and $20.6$13.3 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2020.2023.
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On March 15, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) for ourthe Unsecured Credit Facility that provided for commitments of up to $250 million, which includesincluded an accordion feature that allowsallowed the Company to borrow up to $500 million, subject to customary terms and conditions. The Company’s previous secured credit facility was replaced and repaid in full from the proceeds of our Unsecured Credit Facility. Our Unsecured Credit Facility matures in March 2022 and may be extended to March 2023 at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. Borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility bear an interest at a rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus a margin of between 140 to 225 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately $75.0 million outstanding under our Unsecured Credit Facility and approximately $7.0 million of letters of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for mortgage lenders.
On September 27, 2019, the Company entered into thea five-year Term Loan,$50 million term loan, increasing its authorized borrowings under the Company’s Unsecured Credit Facility from $250 million to $300 million. BorrowingsOn November 16, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement that increased the total authorized borrowings from $300 million to $350 million. On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement for the Unsecured Credit Facility and entered into a three-year $25 million term loan, increasing its total authorized borrowings from $350 million to $375 million. The Unsecured Credit Facility matures in November 2025 and may be extended 12 months at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. As of December 31, 2023, of the $375 million total authorized borrowings, we had approximately $200.0 million outstanding under our Unsecured Credit Facility, $75.0 million outstanding under term loans and a $4.2 million letter of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for a mortgage lender.
On August 16, 2023, the Term LoanCompany entered into two amended and restated loan agreements for FRP Collection and Carillon Point, which among other things, extended the term for an additional five years and amended the interest rates from fixed to floating. The loans bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBORdaily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin between 125 to 215of 275 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio.points. In conjunction with the Term Loan,amended and restated loan agreements, the Company also entered into two five-year interest rate swap agreements, effectively fixing the five-year Interest Rate Swap for a notional amountSOFR component of $50 million. Pursuant to the Interest Rate Swap, the Company will pay a fixedborrowing rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate
30-day
LIBOR payments.
On June 16, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership previously entered into equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Initial Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. (collectively, the “Initial Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of common stock and the Company’s 6.625% Series A Preferred Stock ( “Series A Preferred Stock”) through the Initial Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “Prior ATM Program”)loans at 4.30%. On November 1, 2018, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into amendments (the “Initial Amendments”) to the Initial Agreements (as amended by the Amendments, the “Prior EDAs”) with each of the Initial Sales Agents to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the Prior ATM Program. The Company terminated the Prior EDAs effective February 25, 2020. The Company did not issue any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the Prior ATM Program for the period beginning on January 1, 2020 through the date the Prior EDAs were terminated.
On February 26, 2020, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, B. Riley FBR, Inc., D.A. Davidson & Co. and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (the “Sales Agents”) pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time up to 15,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 1,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On May 7, 2021 the Company delivered to D.A. Davidson & Co. a notice of termination of the Agreement, effective May 7, 2021. The Company did not issue any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the ATM Program during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.2023.
After considering the effect of the work-from-home trend upon our consolidated operations, it is possible that we could fail certain financial covenants within certain property-level mortgage borrowings. For mortgages
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with financial covenants, the lenders’ remedy of a covenant failure would be a requirement to escrow funds for the purpose of meeting our future debt payment obligations.
As of December 31, 2023, the lenders for three of our mortgage borrowings have elected their right to direct property cash flows into lender-controlled restricted cash accounts to fund property operations until certain thresholds are met. For these three properties, the total restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 was $9.3 million.
Our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, distributions to our limited partners and distributions to our stockholders required to qualify for REIT status, capital expenditures and, potentially, acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations and reserves established from existing cash,cash. We have further sources such as proceeds from our public offerings, including under our at the market issuance program,ATM Program, and borrowings under our mortgage loans and our Unsecured Credit Facility.
Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at maturity, property acquisitions and
non-recurring
capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness and the issuance of equity and debt securities. We also may fund property acquisitions and
non-recurring
capital improvements using our Unsecured Credit Facility pending longer term financing.
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We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. However, we cannot assure you that this is or will continue to be the case. Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, interest rates, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders. Our ability to access the equity capital markets is dependent on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about us.
In addition to the incurrence of debt and the offering of equity securities, dispositions of property may serve as additional capital resources and sources of liquidity. We may recycle capital from stabilized assets or from sales of properties. Capital from these types of transactions is intended to be redeployed into property acquisitions, capital improvements, or to pay down existing debt. For example, the loan on our Cascade Station property in Portland matures in 2024, and the loan’s maturity presents us with the potential to make a disposition of the property to the lender.
Consolidated Indebtedness as of December 31, 20202023
On January 5, 2023, the Company transitioned the borrowing rate of its Unsecured Credit Facility and $50 million term loan from LIBOR to daily-simple SOFR. The Company applied the practical expedients available under the reference rate reform guidance and accounted for the modifications as continuations of the existing contracts.
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As of December 31, 2020,2023, we had approximately $681.0$672.7 million of outstanding consolidated principal indebtedness, 81.6%91.1% of which is effectively fixed rate debt.debt when factoring in interest rate swaps. The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 20202023 with respect to our outstanding indebtedness (in thousands)., including the impact of the effective interest rate swaps described in Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements:
 
Property
  
December 31,

2020
   
Interest Rate as of
December 31, 2020
(1)
 
Maturity
   
December 31, 2023
 
Interest Rate as of
December 31, 2023
(1)
 
Maturity
 
Unsecured Credit Facility
(3)(4)
  $75,000    LIBOR +1.50%
(2)
  March 2022 
Unsecured Credit Facility
(2)(4)
  $200,000   SOFR +1.50%
(1)(2)
   November 2025 
Term Loan
(3)
   50,000   SOFR +1.35%
(1)(3)
   September 2024 
Term Loan
(4)
   50,000    LIBOR +1.40%
(2)
  September 2024    25,000   6.00%
(4)
   January 2026 
Midland Life Insurance
(5)
   83,537    4.34%  May 2021 
Mission City
   47,000    3.78%  November 2027    45,994   3.78%   November 2027 
Canyon Park
(6)
   40,950    4.30%  March 2027 
190 Office Center
   40,236    4.79%  October 2025 
Canyon Park
(5)
   38,932   4.30%   March 2027 
Circle Point
   39,650    4.49%  September 2028    38,789   4.49%   September 2028 
SanTan
   33,444    4.56%  March 2027 
SanTan
(6)
   31,501   4.56%   March 2027 
Intellicenter
   32,442    4.65%  October 2025    30,682   4.65%   October 2025 
The Quad
   30,600    4.20%  September 2028    30,600   4.20%   September 2028 
FRP Collection
   28,263    3.10%  September 2023 
2525 McKinnon
   27,000    4.24%  April 2027    27,000   4.24%   April 2027 
FRP Collection
(7)
   26,139   7.05%
(7)
   August 2028 
Greenwood Blvd
   22,425    3.15%  December 2025    20,856   3.15%   December 2025 
Cascade Station
   21,952    4.55%  May 2024 
5090 N. 40
th
St
   21,640    3.92%  January 2027 
Cascade Station
(8)
   20,752   4.55%   May 2024 
5090 N. 40th St
   20,370   3.92%   January 2027 
AmberGlen
   20,000    3.69%  May 2027    20,000   3.69%   May 2027 
Lake Vista Pointe
   17,375    4.28%  August 2024 
FRP Ingenuity Drive
(9)
   15,860   4.44%   December 2024 
Central Fairwinds
   17,127    3.15%  June 2024    15,826   3.15%   June 2024 
FRP Ingenuity Drive
   16,736    4.44%  December 2024 
Carillon Point
   15,585    3.10%  October 2023 
Carillon Point
(7)
   14,419   7.05%
(7)
   August 2028 
190 Office Center
(10)
   —   —       — 
  
 
    
Total Principal
   680,962    
Deferred financing costs, net
   (4,195)    
Unamortized fair value adjustments
   475    
  
 
    
Total
  $677,242    
  
 
    
 
(1)
All interest rates are fixed interest rates withAs of December 31, 2023, the exception of the Unsecured Credit Facility (“Unsecured Credit Facility”) and the Term Loan (as defined herein), as explained in footnotes 3 and 4 below.daily-simple SOFR rate was 5.38%.
(2)
As of December 31, 2020, the
one-month
LIBOR rate was 0.14%.
(3)
In March 2018, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement for the Unsecured Credit Facility that provides for commitments of up to $250 million, which includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to borrow up to $500 million, subject to customary terms and conditions. The Unsecured Credit Facility matures in March 2022 and may be extended to March 2023 at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. Borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBORdaily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of between 140135 to 225235 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a three-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $140 million, effective March 8, 2023, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the borrowing rate for $140 million of the Unsecured Credit Facility at 4.19%. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the Unsecured Credit Facility had $75.0$200.0 million drawn and $7.0a $4.2 million of lettersletter of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for a mortgage lenders.lender. The Unsecured Credit Facility matures in November 2025 and may be extended 12 months at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. The Unsecured Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.50x.
(4)(3)
In September 2019, the Company entered into a five-year $50 million Term Loan (the “Term Loan”) increasing its authorized borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility from $250 million to $300 million. Borrowings under the
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Term Loan $50 million term loan bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBORdaily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of between 125135 to 215225 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The SOFR component of the borrowing rate is effectively fixed for the remainder of the five-year term by a $50 million interest rate swap at 1.17%.
(4)
On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to its amended and restated credit agreement, dated November 16, 2021 for the Unsecured Credit Facility and entered into a three-year $25 million term loan, increasing its total authorized borrowings from $350 million to $375 million. Borrowings under the $25 million term loan bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of 210 basis points. In conjunction with the Term Loan,term loan, the Company also entered into a five-yearthree-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50$25 million, (the “Interest Rate Swap”). Pursuant toeffectively fixing the Interest Rate Swap,SOFR component of the Company will pay a fixedborrowing rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rate
30-day
LIBOR payments.
(5)
The mortgageterm loan is cross-collateralized by Cherry Creek, City Center and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”)at 3.90%. In February 2021, the loan balance of $83.5 million was repaid in full.
(6)(5)
The mortgage loan anticipated repayment date (“ARD”) is March 1, 2027. The final scheduled maturity date can be extended up to 5 years beyond the ARD. If the loan is not paid off at ARD, the loan’s interest rate shall be adjusted to the greater of (i) the initial interest rate plus 200 basis points or (ii) the yield on the five year “on the run” treasury reported by Bloomberg market data service plus 450 basis points.
(6)
In the second quarter of 2023, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (“DSCR”) and debt yield covenants for SanTan were not met, which triggered a ‘cash-sweep period’ that began in the second quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the DSCR and debt yield covenants were still not met. As of December 31, 2023, total restricted cash for the property was $4.1 million.
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(7)
On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into two amended and restated loan agreements for FRP Collection and Carillon Point, which among other things, extended the term for an additional five years and amended the interest rates from fixed to floating. The loans bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of 275 basis points. In conjunction with the amended and restated loan agreements, the Company also entered into two five-year interest rate swap agreements, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the borrowing rate of the loans at 4.30%.
(8)
In the first quarter of 2023, a ‘cash-sweep period’ began for the Cascade Station loan due to the
non-renewal
of a major tenant’s leased space in the building. As of December 31, 2023, total restricted cash for the property was $2.0 million.
(9)
In the third quarter of 2022, the DSCR covenant for FRP Ingenuity Drive was not met, which triggered a ‘cash-sweep period’ that began in the fourth quarter of 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the DSCR was still not met. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total restricted cash for the property was $3.2 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
(10)
In the second quarter of 2023, the
non-recourse
debt associated with the 190 Office Center property was deconsolidated as a result of the appointment of a receiver to assume possession and control of the property. The loan balance as of the date of deconsolidation was $38.6 million.
Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities
The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2020,2023, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations. The table does not reflect available debt extension options.
 
  
Payments Due by Period
(in thousands)		   
Payments Due by Period
(in thousands)
 
Contractual Obligations
  
Total
   
2021
   
2022-2023
   
2024-2025
   
More than
5 years
   
Total
   
2024
   
2025-2026
   
2027-2028
   
More than
5 years
 
Principal payments on mortgage loans
  $680,962   $89,304   $130,058   $216,761   $244,839   $672,720   $107,675   $284,260   $280,785   $—  
Interest payments
(1)
   112,754    23,447    40,655    30,830    17,822    83,938    31,323    40,103    12,512    —  
Tenant-related commitments
   9,663    9,663    —      —      —      12,104    12,104    —     —     —  
Lease obligations
   29,348    579    1,492    1,193    26,084    36,264    658    1,510    1,190    32,906 
  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
Total
  $832,727   $122,993   $172,205   $248,784   $288,745   $805,026   $151,760   $325,873   $294,487   $32,906 
  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
(1)
Contracted interest on the floating rate borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility was calculated based on the balance and interest rate at December 31, 2020.2023. Contracted interest on our term loans, part of the Term Loan wasUnsecured Credit Facility, the FRP Collection loan and the Carillon Point loan were calculated based on the Interest Rate Swapinterest rate swap rates fixing the LIBORSOFR component of the borrowing rate to approximately 1.27%.rates.
Off-BalanceInflation
Sheet Arrangements
As
We believe that we are less susceptible to the negative economic effects that inflation may have on our industry due to the presence of December 31, 2020, we did not have any
off-balance
sheet arrangements.
Inflation
expense pass through provisions in our leases and the predominance of fixed contractual interest rates on our indebtedness.
Substantially all of our office leases include expense reimbursements that provide for separate real estate tax andproperty operating expense escalations. In addition, most of the leases provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by thethese contractual rent increases and expense reimbursements described above.escalations. However, a longer period of inflation could affect our cash flows or earnings, or impact our borrowings, as discussed elsewhere in this Report.
We believe that we are less susceptible to the negative economic effects that inflation may have on our industry than many
As of our competitors, because 81.6%December 31, 2023, 91.1% of our outstanding consolidated indebtedness had a fixed contractual interest rate at December 31, 2020. A portion of the balance relates to the Term Loan against which we have applied the Interest Rate Swap. The Interest Rate Swapwas effectively fixes the
30-day
LIBOR rate at approximately 1.27% until maturity of the Term Loan. When factoring in the Term Loan as fixed rate debt through the Interest Rate Swap, 89.0% of our debt was fixedwhen factoring in interest rate debt as of December 31, 2020.swaps.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We use derivative financial instruments to manage or hedge interest rate risks related to
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borrowings. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and only enter into contracts with
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major financial institutions based upon their credit rating and other factors. We have entered, and we will only enter into, contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K
for more information regarding our derivatives.
The primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure is LIBOR.
We primarily use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. Wecurrently consider our interest rate exposure to be minimalmoderate because as of December 31, 2020,2023, approximately $556.0$612.7 million, or 81.6%91.1%, of our debt had fixed interest rates, or effectively fixed rates when factoring in interest rate swaps, and $125.0$60.0 million, or 18.4%8.9%, had variable interest rates. Of the $125.0The $612.7 million variablefixed rate debt includes the $50.0 million relates toterm loan, the Term Loan$25.0 million term loan, $140.0 million of the Unsecured Credit Facility, the $26.1 million FRP Collection loan and the $14.4 million Carillon Point loan against which we have applied interest rate swaps. The interest rate swaps effectively fix the InterestSecured Overnight Financing Rate Swap. The Interest Rate Swap effectively fixes(“SOFR”) component of the
30-day
LIBOR rate at approximately 1.27% borrowing rates until maturity of the Term Loan. When factoring in the Term Loan as fixed rate debt through the Interest Rate Swap, 89.0% of our debt had fixed rate debt and 11.0% was variable rate debt as of December 31, 2020.debt. A 10%1% increase in LIBORSOFR would result in a nominal$0.6 million increase to our annual interest costs on debt outstanding as of December 31, 20202023 and would decrease the fair value of our outstanding debt, as well as increase interest costs associated with future debt issuances or borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility. A 10%1% decrease in LIBORSOFR would result in a nominal increase$0.6 million decrease to our annual interest costs on debt outstanding as of December 31, 20202023 and would increase the fair value of our outstanding debt, as well as decrease interest costs associated with future debt issuances or borrowings under our Unsecured Credit Facility.
Interest rate risk amounts are our management’s estimates based on our Company’s capital structure and were determined by considering the effect of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in that environment. We may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our Company’s financial structure.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required by Item 8 is included as a separate section in this annual reportAnnual Report on Form
10-K.
Refer to “Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule
13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure
 
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controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020,2023, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2020,2023, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (i) is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our financial statements; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of Company assets are made in accordance with management authorization; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected.
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the 2013 Internal Control—Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.2023.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, has been audited by KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, as stated in their report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.2023.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
57
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule
10b5-1
trading arrangement” or
“non-Rule
10b5-1
trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation
S-K.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to our definitive Proxy Statement for our 20212024 annual stockholders’ meeting.
PART IV
ITEM 15.EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
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CITY OFFICE REIT, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM
10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 20202023
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
 
   Page 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 85)
   60
64

 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022
   6468 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, December 31, 20192022 and December 31, 20182021
   6569 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, December 31, 20192022 and December 31, 20182021
   6670 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, December 31, 20192022 and December 31, 20182021
   6771 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020,2023, December 31, 20192022 and December 31, 20182021
   6872 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
   6973 
Schedule III – Real Estate Properties and Accumulated Depreciation
   8791 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
City Office REIT, Inc.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of City Office REIT, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss)/income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three year
three-year
period ended December 31, 2020, 2023,
and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year
three-year
period ended December 31, 2020,2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 25, 202122, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has adopted ASC 842, Leases, using the effective date method, under which the cumulative effect of initial application was recognized in retained earnings at January 1, 2019, the date of initial application.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and thatthat: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that isare material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
 
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Revenue recognition for new and modified lease arrangements
As discussed in NotesNote 2 and 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company generally recognizes lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reported $160.7 million of lease revenue, which includes revenue related to new and modified lease arrangements. The timing and amount of revenue recognized on a straight-line basis for new and modified leases is impacted by the determination of the
non-cancellable
lease term and tenant allowances granted in connection with each lease. Atwho is the lease commencement date, the
non-cancellable
lease term is determined based on whetheraccounting owner of the tenant is reasonably certainimprovements of the leased space for accounting purposes. The cost to exercise any options to renew or terminate the lease. Tenant allowances areconstruct tenant improvements is either recorded as a reduction of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term or as a capital asset dependingamortized on who is determined to owna straight-line basis over the improvements. Modifications of leases are recorded either as separate lease contracts or as a modification of the existing lease,term, depending on whether the tenant improvements are determined to be owned by the Company or the tenant. As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported $176.0 million of lease grants an additional right of userevenue, which includes revenue related to new and themodified lease payments increase commensurately.arrangements.
We identified the assessment of the Company’s determination of revenue recognition on a straight-line basis for new and modified lease arrangements as a critical audit matter. Complex auditor judgment is required to determineAssessing the determination of the ownership of the tenant allowanceimprovements and the natureimpact on revenue recognized required complex auditor judgment and increased extent of the lease modification.audit effort.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s process over recognition of lease revenue for new and modified lease arrangements. This included controls related to the assessment of the ownership of the tenant allowanceimprovements and the natureaccuracy of lease modifications.straight-line rent calculations. We examined a selection of new and modified lease arrangements and (1) compared the terms contained in the lease agreements to the factors evaluatedassessed by the Company in order to determineand (2) evaluated whether the costs incurred, incentives granted, and payments made in connection with the new or modified lease arrangementarrangements were tenant improvements owned by the Company or lease incentives. In the caseFor this selection of new and modified lease modifications,arrangements, we evaluated the factors considered by the Company to determineassessed whether the lease modification should be accounted for as a separate contract and compared those factors to the terms contained in the lease arrangement. We assessed the straight-line lease revenue calculations prepared bywere consistent with the Company for new and modified leases after considering the impact ofconclusions on the ownership of tenant allowances and nature of lease modifications.improvements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
Vancouver, Canada
February 25, 202122, 2024
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
City Office REIT, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited City Office REIT, Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)
 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,2023, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)
 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019,2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss)/income, (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020,2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 25, 202122, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Management’s Report on Internal Control overOver Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/
KPMG LLP
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, Canada
February 25, 202122, 2024 
 
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except par value and share data)
 
  
December 31,

2020
  
December 31,
2019
 
Assets
  
Real estate properties
  
Land
  $204,289  $230,034 
Building and improvement
   777,184   784,636 
Tenant improvement
   104,694   94,218 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
   642   285 
          
   1,086,809  1,109,173 
Accumulated depreciation
   (131,220)   (101,835) 
          
   955,589  1,007,338 
          
Cash and cash equivalents
   25,305   70,129 
Restricted cash
   20,646   17,394 
Rents receivable, net
   32,968   32,112 
Deferred leasing costs, net
   16,829   12,393 
Acquired lease intangible assets, net
   44,143   67,533 
Other assets
   15,758   17,061 
Assets held for sale
   46,054   4,514 
          
Total Assets
  $1,157,292
 
 $1,228,474
 
          
Liabilities and Equity
  
Liabilities:
  
Debt
  $677,242  $607,250 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   25,414   28,786 
Deferred rent
   7,295   6,593 
Tenant rent deposits
   4,801   5,658 
Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net
   6,035   8,194 
Other liabilities
   18,099   22,794 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
   531   67 
          
Total Liabilities
  
 
739,417   679,342
 
          
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)
 0 0
Equity:
  
6.625% Series A Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5,600,000 shares authorized, 4,480,000 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
   112,000   112,000 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 43,397,117 and 54,591,047 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively
   433   545 
Additional
paid-in
capital
   479,411   577,131 
Accumulated deficit
   (172,958)   (142,383) 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income
   (1,960)   715 
          
Total Stockholders’ Equity
   416,926   548,008 
Non-controlling
interests in properties
   949   1,124 
          
Total Equity
   417,875   549,132 
          
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $1,157,292  $1,228,474 
        
Subsequent Events (Note 13)
  
   
December 31, 2023
  
December 31, 2022
 
Assets
        
Real estate properties
        
Land
 $193,524  $199,537 
Building and improvement
  1,194,819   1,215,000 
Tenant improvement
  152,540   139,365 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
  820   689 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
   1,541,703   1,554,591 
Accumulated depreciation
  (218,628)   (175,720) 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
   1,323,075   1,378,871 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  30,082   28,187 
Restricted cash
  13,310   16,075 
Rents receivable, net
  53,454   44,429 
Deferred leasing costs, net
  21,046   21,989 
Acquired lease intangible assets, net
  42,434   55,438 
Other assets
  27,975   29,450 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Assets
 $1,511,376  $1,574,439 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Liabilities and Equity
        
Liabilities:
        
Debt
 $669,510  $690,099 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  29,070   35,753 
Deferred rent
  7,672   9,147 
Tenant rent deposits
  7,198   7,040 
Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net
  7,736   9,150 
Other liabilities
  17,557   20,076 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Liabilities
  738,743   771,265 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)
      
Equity:
        
6.625% Series A Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5,600,000 shares authorized,
4,480,000 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
  112,000   112,000 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 39,938,451 and 39,718,767
shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022
  399   397 
Additional
paid-in
capital
  438,867   436,161 
Retained earnings
  221,213   251,542 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income
  (248)   2,731 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
  772,231   802,831 
Non-controlling
interests in properties
  402   343 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Equity
  772,633   803,174 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total Liabilities and Equity
 $1,511,376  $1,574,439 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
.
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
      
  
Years Ended December 31,
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
  
2020
  
2019
  
2018
   
2023
 
2022
 
2021
 
Rental and other revenues
  $160,840  $156,297  $129,484
 
  $179,096  $180,485  $164,041 
Operating expenses:
               
Property operating expenses
   58,312 57,316 49,872    69,997  67,739  58,005 
General and administrative
   10,690 11,066 8,137    14,841  13,782  15,489 
Depreciation and amortization
   60,367 59,159 52,352    62,987  62,495  57,317 
Impairment of real estate
   —   —   3,497    —   13,444   —  
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Total operating expenses
  
 
129,369
 
 
 
127,541
 
 
 
113,858
 
   147,825  157,460  130,811 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Operating income
   31,471 28,756 15,626    31,271  23,025  33,230 
Interest expense:
               
Contractual interest expense
   (26,363)  (28,401)  (22,316)    (31,876)  (25,784)  (23,268) 
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt fair value
   (1,326)  (1,325)  (1,621)    (1,296)  (1,218)  (1,332) 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
   (27,689)  (29,726)  (23,937)    (33,172)  (27,002)  (24,600) 
Net gain on sale of real estate property
   1,347 3,412 46,980 
Net (loss)/gain on disposition of real estate property
   (134)  21,658  476,651 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Net income
  
 
5,129   2,442   38,669
 
Net (loss)/income
   (2,035)  17,681  485,281 
Less:
               
Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interests in properties
   (602)  (644)  (501)    (647)  (691)  (886) 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Net income attributable to the Company
  
 
4,527   1,798   38,168
 
Net (loss)/income attributable to the Company
   (2,682)  16,990  484,395 
Preferred stock distributions
   (7,420)  (7,420)  (7,420)    (7,420)  (7,420)  (7,420) 
   
 
  
 
  
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
 
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders
  
$
(2,893)  $(5,622)  $30,748
 
  $(10,102)  $9,570  $476,975 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Net (loss)/income per common share:
               
Basic
  $(0.06)  $(0.13)  $0.82   $(0.25)  $0.23  $10.97 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Diluted
  $(0.06)  $(0.13)  $0.82   $(0.25)  $0.22  $10.80 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
               
Basic
   47,223 43,997 37,321    39,922  42,052  43,498 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Diluted
   47,223 43,997 37,670    39,922  42,866  44,145 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Dividend distributions declared per common share
  $0.60 $0.94 $0.94   $0.50  $0.80  $0.65 
            
 
  
 
  
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
.
 
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income
(In thousands)
 
  
Years Ended December 31,
 
  
2020
 
2019
 
2018
 
Net income
  $5,129 $2,442 $38,669 
Other comprehensive (loss)/income:
    
Unrealized cash flow hedge (loss)/gain
   (3,003)  821  —   
Amounts reclassified to interest expense
   328 (106)   —   
                   
   (2,675)  715  —     
Years Ended December 31,
 
               
2023
 
2022
 
2021
 
Comprehensive income
   2,454 3,157  38,669 
Net (loss)/income
  $(2,035)  $17,681  $485,281 
Other comprehensive (loss)/income:
       
Unrealized cash flow hedge gain
   417  3,336  989 
Amounts reclassified to interest expense
   (3,438)  (223)  589 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
Other comprehensive (loss)/income
   (3,021)  3,113  1,578 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
Comprehensive (loss)/income
   (5,056)   20,794  486,859 
Less:
           
Comprehensive income attributable to
non-controlling
interests in properties
   (602)  (644)   (501)   (605)   (691)  (886) 
               
 
  
 
  
 
 
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company
  $1,852 $2,513 $38,168 
Comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to the Company
  $(5,661)  $20,103  $485,973 
            
 
  
 
  
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
.
 
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(In thousands)
 
  
Number
of shares
of
preferred
stock
  
Preferred
stock
  
Number
of
shares of
common
stock
  
Common
stock
  
Additional
paid-in

capital
  
Accumulated
deficit
  
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income/(loss)
  
Total
stockholders’
equity
  
Non-controlling

interests in
properties
  
Total
equity
 
Balance—January 1, 2018
  4,480  $112,000   36,012  $360  $334,241  $(86,977)  $—    $359,624  $208  $ 359,832 
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —     —     121   1   1,641   (312)               —     1,330               —     1,330 
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
  —     —     3,411   34   42,868   —     —     42,902   —     42,902 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (35,567)   —     (35,567)   —     (35,567) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (7,420)   —     (7,420)   —     (7,420) 
Minority interest buyout
  —     —     —     —     (1,624)   —     —     (1,624)   485   (1,139) 
Contributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     297   297 
Distributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     (527)   (527) 
Net income
  —     —     —     —     —     38,168   —     38,168   501   38,669 
                                         
Balance—December 31, 2018
  4,480  $112,000   39,544  $395  $377,126  $ (92,108)  $—    $ 397,413  $964  $398,377 
                                        
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —     —     147   1   1,280   (374)   —     907   —     907 
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
  —     —     14,900   149   198,725   —     —     198,874   —     198,874 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (44,279)   —     (44,279)   —     (44,279) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (7,420)   —     (7,420)   —     (7,420) 
Contributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     112   112 
Distributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     (596)   (596) 
Net income
  —     —     —     —     —     1,798   —     1,798   644   2,442 
Other comprehensive income
  —     —     —     —     —     —     715   715   —     715 
                                         
Balance—December 31, 2019
  4,480  $112,000   54,591  $545  $577,131  $ (142,383)  $715  $548,008  $ 1,124  $549,132 
                                        
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —     —     170   2   2,531   (243)   —     2,290   —     2,290 
Common stock repurchased
  —     —     (11,364)   (114)   (100,251)   —     —     (100,365)   —     (100,365) 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (27,439)   —     (27,439)   —     (27,439) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —     —     —     —     —     (7,420)   —     (7,420)   —     (7,420) 
Contributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     52   52 
Distributions
  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     (829)   (829) 
Net income
  —     —     —     —     —     4,527   —     4,527   602   5,129 
Other comprehensive loss
  —     —     —     —     —     —     (2,675)   (2,675)   —     (2,675) 
                                         
Balance—December 31, 2020
  4,480  $112,000   43,397  $433  $479,411  $ (172,958)  $(1,960)  $416,926  $949  $417,875 
                                         
  
Number
of shares
of
preferred
stock
  
Preferred
stock
  
Number
of
shares of
common
stock
  
Common
stock
  
Additional
paid-in

capital
  
(Accumulated
deficit)/
retained
earnings
  
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(loss)/income
  
Total
stockholders’
equity
  
Non-controlling

interests in
properties
  
Total
equity
 
Balance—January 1, 2021
  4,480  $112,000   43,397  $433  $479,411  $(172,958)  $(1,960)  $416,926  $949  $417,875 
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —    —    157   2   2,650   (228)   —    2,424   —    2,424 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (28,287)   —    (28,287)   —    (28,287) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (7,420)   —    (7,420)   —    (7,420) 
Contributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    286   286 
Distributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    (1,142)   (1,142) 
Net income
  —    —    —    —    —    484,395   —    484,395   886   485,281 
Other comprehensive income
  —    —    —    —    —    —    1,578   1,578   —    1,578 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance—December 31, 2021
  4,480  $112,000   43,554  $435  $482,061  $275,502  $(382)  $869,616  $979  $870,595 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —    —    171   2   4,142   (352)   —    3,792   —    3,792 
Common stock repurchased
  —    —    (4,007)   (40)   (50,042)   —    —    (50,082)   —    (50,082) 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (33,178)   —    (33,178)   —    (33,178) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (7,420)   —    (7,420)   —    (7,420) 
Contributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    170   170 
Distributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    (1,497)   (1,497) 
Net income
  —    —    —    —    —    16,990   —    16,990   691   17,681 
Other comprehensive income
  —    —    —    —    —    —    3,113   3,113   —    3,113 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance—December 31, 2022
  4,480  $112,000   39,718  $397  $436,161  $251,542  $2,731  $802,831  $343  $803,174 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Restricted stock award grants and vesting
  —    —    220   2   2,706   (257)   —    2,451   —    2,451 
Common stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (19,970)   —    (19,970)   —    (19,970) 
Preferred stock dividend distribution declared
  —    —    —    —    —    (7,420)   —    (7,420)   —    (7,420) 
Contributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    231   231 
Distributions
  —    —    —    —    —    —    —    —    (777)   (777) 
Net (loss)/income
  —    —    —    —    —    (2,682)   —    (2,682)   647   (2,035) 
Other comprehensive loss
  —    —    —    —    —    —    (2,979)   (2,979)   (42)   (3,021) 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance—December 31, 2023
  4,480  $112,000   39,938  $399  $438,867  $221,213  $(248)  $772,231  $402  $772,633 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
.
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2020
  
2019
  
2018
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
    
Net income
 $5,129  $2,442  $38,669 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
    
Depreciation and amortization
  60,367   59,159   52,352 
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt fair value
  1,326   1,325   1,621 
Amortization of above and below market leases
  (17)   (27)   (182) 
Straight-line rent/expense
  (3,389)   (5,233)   (4,703) 
Non-cash
stock compensation
  2,332   1,742   1,416 
Net gain on sale of real estate property
  (1,347)   (3,412)   (46,980) 
Impairment of real estate
  —     —     3,497 
Changes in
non-cash
working capital:
    
Rents receivable, net
  (182)   (1,061)   (1,602) 
Other assets
  53   (330)   (353) 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  (4,194)   (5,538)   (910) 
Deferred rent
  702   1,022   (834) 
Tenant rent deposits
  (857)   (590)   196 
             
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
 
59,923
 
 
 
49,499
 
 
 
42,187
 
             
Cash Flows to Investing Activities:
    
Additions to real estate properties
  (26,352)   (16,002)   (23,586) 
Acquisition of real estate
  —     (108,358)   (254,514) 
Net proceeds from sale of real estate
.
  6,340   46,364   84,839 
Deferred leasing costs
  (7,791)   (3,926)   (4,048) 
             
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
 
 
(27,803
) 
 
 
(81,922
) 
 
 
(197,309
) 
             
Cash Flows (to)/from Financing Activities:
    
Repurchases of common stock
  (100,365)   —     —   
Proceeds from sale of common stock
  —     198,874   42,902 
Debt issuance and extinguishment costs
  —     (1,008)   (2,963) 
Proceeds from borrowings
  130,000   154,750   398,749 
Repayment of borrowings
  (61,330)   (216,336)   (241,820) 
Shares withheld for payment of taxes on restricted stock unit vesting
  (42)   (832)   (87) 
Minority interest buyout
  —     —     (1,140) 
Contributions from
non-controlling
interests in properties .
  52   112   297 
Distributions to
non-controlling
interests in properties
  (829)   (596)   (527) 
Dividend distributions paid to stockholders
  (41,178)   (48,163)   (42,158) 
             
Net Cash (Used In)/Provided By Financing Activities
 
 
(73,692
) 
 
 
86,801
 
 
 
153,253
 
             
Net (Decrease)/Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
 
 
(41,572
) 
 
 
54,378
 
 
 
(1,869
) 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period
 
 
87,523
 
 
 
33,145
 
 
 
35,014
 
             
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period
 
$
45,951
 
 
$
87,523
 
 
$
33,145
 
             
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
    
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
  25,305    70,129    16,138 
Restricted Cash, End of Period
  20,646    17,394    17,007 
               
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period
 
$
45,951
 
  
$
87,523
 
  
$
33,145
 
               
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
    
Cash paid for interest
 $26,454   $28,479   $22,131 
Purchase of additions in real estate properties included in accounts payable
 $7,640   $6,489   $6,791 
Purchase of deferred leasing costs included in accounts payable
 $289   $603   $654 
Debt assumed on acquisition of real estate
 $—     $22,473   $—   
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2023
  
2022
  
2021
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
             
Net (loss)/income
  $(2,035)  $17,681  $485,281 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss)/income to net cash provided by operating activities:
             
Depreciation and amortization
   62,987   62,495   57,317 
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt fair value
   1,296   1,218   1,332 
Amortization of above and below market leases
   1,069   75   343 
Straight-line rent/expense
   (7,704)   (9,218)   (566) 
Non-cash
stock compensation
   4,094   3,879   2,641 
Receipts from sales-type lease
   —    43,549   —  
Net loss/(gain) on disposition of real estate property
   134   (21,658)   (476,651) 
Impairment of real estate
   —    13,444   —  
Changes in
non-cash
working capital:
             
Rents receivable, net
   (897)   (6,033)   (654) 
Other assets
   (884)   (10)   (345) 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   281   2,833   451 
Deferred rent
   (1,316)   (2,453)   3,653 
Tenant rent deposits
   198   875   420 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
   57,223   106,677   73,222 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cash Flows to Investing Activities:
             
Additions to real estate properties
   (32,487)   (37,485)   (17,869) 
Acquisition of real estate   —    —    (632,317) 
Net proceeds from sale of real estate   —   —    640,995 
Reduction of cash on disposition of real estate
 property
   (4,050)   —    —  
Deferred leasing costs
   (4,802)   (9,565)   (8,190) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
   (41,339)   (47,050)   (17,381) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cash Flows to Financing Activities:
             
Debt issuance and extinguishment costs
   (743)   —    (2,506) 
Proceeds from borrowings
   35,000   97,500   180,000 
Repayment of borrowings
   (17,483)   (62,270)   (202,442) 
Dividend distributions paid to stockholders
   (31,339)   (41,365)   (33,506) 
Repurchases of common stock
   —    (50,082)   —  
Distributions to
non-controlling
interests in properties
   (777)   (1,497)   (1,142) 
Shares withheld for payment of taxes on restricted stock unit vesting
   (1,643)   (87)   (216) 
Contributions from
non-controlling
interests in properties
   231   170   286 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net Cash Used In Financing Activities
   (16,754)   (57,631)   (59,526) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net (Decrease)/Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
   (870)   1,996   (3,685) 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period
   44,262   42,266   45,951 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period
  $43,392  $44,262  $42,266 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
             
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
   30,082   28,187   21,321 
Restricted Cash, End of Period
   13,310   16,075   20,945 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period
  $43,392  $44,262  $42,266 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
             
Cash paid for interest
  $30,773  $23,064  $23,344 
Purchase of additions in real estate properties included in accounts payable
  $6,963  $13,004  $5,815 
Purchase of deferred leasing costs included in accounts payable
  $1,216  $1,274  $2,790 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
.
 
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City Office REIT, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Description of Business
City Office REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was organized in the state of Maryland on November 26, 2013. On April 21, 2014, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) of shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company contributed the net proceeds of the IPO to City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Maryland limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), in exchange for common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“common units”).
The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles the Company to share in distributions from, and allocations of profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s percentage ownership of common units. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive power under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to manage and conduct the Operating Partnership’s business, subject to limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners.
The Company has elected to be taxed and will continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to qualification as a REIT, the Company will be permitted to deduct dividend distributions paid to its stockholders, eliminating the U.S. federal taxation of income represented by such distributions at the Company level. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and, for years prior to 201
8
,2018, any applicable alternative minimum tax.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Preparation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The Company has made a number of significant estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Significant estimates made include the recoverability of accounts receivable, allocation of property purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination and measurement of impairment of long-lived assets and the useful lives of long-lived assets. These estimates and assumptions are based on ourthe Company’s best estimates and judgment. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash and short-term investments with a maturity date of less than three months when acquired.
 
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Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of cash held in escrow by lenders pursuant to certain lender agreements and cash received from contracted building sales.
Rent Receivable, Net
The Company continuously monitors collections from tenants and makes a provision for estimated losses based upon historical experience and any specific tenant collection issues that the Company has identified.
Business Combinations
When a property is acquired, management considers the substance of the agreement in determining whether the acquisition represents an asset acquisition or a business combination. Upon acquisitions of properties that constitutesconstitute a business, the fair value of the real estate acquired, which includes the impact of fair value adjustments for assumed mortgage debt related to property acquisitions, is allocated to the acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings and improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, other value of
in-place
leases and value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. For acquisitions that do not meet the business combination accounting criteria, these are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The Company allocates the cost of the acquisition, which includes any associated acquisition costs, to individual assets and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Also,
non-controlling
interests acquired are recorded at estimated fair market value.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property (which includes land, buildings and improvements and fixtures and equipment) is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant. The
“as-if-vacant”
value is then allocated to land and buildings and improvements based on management’s determination of relative fair values of these assets. Factors considered by management in performing these analyses include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected
lease-up
periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected
lease-up
periods based on current market demand. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions.
The fair value of above-market and below-market lease values are recorded
based
on the difference between the current
in-place
lease rent and management’s estimate of current market rents. Below-market lease intangibles are recorded as part of acquired lease intangibles liability and amortized into rental revenue over the
non-cancelable
periods and bargain renewal periods of the respective leases. Above-market leases are recorded as part of intangible assets and amortized as a direct charge against rental revenue over the
non-cancelable
portion of the respective leases.
The fair value of acquired
in-place
leases are recorded based on the costs management estimates the Company would have incurred to lease the property to the occupancy level of the property at the date of acquisition. Such estimates include the fair value of leasing commissions and legal costs that would be incurred to lease the property to this occupancy level. Additionally, management evaluates the time period over which such occupancy level would be achieved and includes an estimate of the net operating costs incurred during the
lease-up
period. Acquired
in-place
leases are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the individual leases.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain leases allow for the tenant to terminate the lease, but the tenant must make a termination payment
a
s as stipulated in the
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lease. If the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of lease inception, to be reasonably assured, then the Company recognizes revenue over the term of the lease. The
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Company has determined that for these leases, the termination payment is in such an amount that continuation of the lease appears, at the time of inception, to be reasonably assured. The Company recognizes lease termination fees as revenue in the period received and writes off unamortized lease-related intangible and other lease-related account balances, provided there are no further Company obligations under the lease. Otherwise, such fees and balances are recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining obligation period with the termination payments being recorded as a component of rent receivable-deferred or deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.
If the Company funds tenant improvements and the tenant improvements are deemeddetermined to be owned by the Company, revenue recognition will commence when the improvements are substantially completed and possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant. Tenant improvements are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective lease.lease term. If the Company determines that the tenant allowances are lease incentives, the Company commences revenue recognition when possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant for tenant work to begin. The lease incentive is recorded as a deferred expense and amortized as a reduction of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term.
Recoveries from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period that the applicable costs are incurred. The Company recognizes differences between estimated recoveries and the final billed amounts in the subsequent year. Final billings to tenants for real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses did not vary significantly as compared to the estimated receivable balances.
Leases
Effective January 1, 2019, the
The Company adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), and elected the effective date method for the transition. ASU 2016-02 requires lessors to classifyclassifies leases as a sales-type, direct financing, or operating lease and requires lessees to recognizerecognizes leases
on-balance
sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. 
We determinewhere it is the lessee. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and financing
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities are included within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use
assets represent ourthe Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent ourthe Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
Right-of-use
assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of ourthe Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use ourthe Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.
Right-of-use
assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain wethe Company will exercise that option. For lease agreements with lease and
non-lease
components, we accountthe Company accounts for the components as a single combined lease component.
Real Estate Properties
Real estate properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, except land. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of:
 

   
Years
 
Buildings
   28-5029-59 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
   4-10 
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operationsoperating expenses as incurred.
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Impairment of Real Estate Properties
Long-lived assets currently in use are reviewed periodically for possible impairment and will be written down to fair value if determined impaired. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are written down to the lower of
cost or fair value less the estimated cost to sell. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment
for
impairment
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when there is an event or a change in circumstances that indicates that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company measures and records impairment losses and reduces the carrying valueamount of properties when indicators of impairment are present and the expected undiscounted cash flows related to those properties are less than their carrying amounts. In cases where the Company does not expect to recover itsthe carrying costs onamount of properties held for use, the Company reduces its carrying costsamount to fair value. The valuation of impaired assets is determined using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis, analysis of recent comparable sales transactions and purchase offers received from third parties. The Company may consider a single valuation technique or multiple valuation techniques, as appropriate, when estimating the fair value of its real estate.
Variable Interest Entit
ies
The Company consolidates variable interest entities (“VIE”) if the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the entity. When evaluating the accounting for a VIE, the Company considers the purpose for which the VIE was created, the importance of each of the activities in which it is engaged and our decision-making role, if any, in those activities that significantly determine the entity’s economic performance relative to other economic interest holders. The Company determines the rights, if any, to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE by considering the economic interest in the entity, regardless of form, which may include debt, equity, management and servicing fees, or other contractual arrangements. The Company considers other relevant factors including each entity’s capital structure, contractual rights to earnings (losses), subordination of the Company’s interests relative to those of other investors, contingent payments, and other contractual arrangements that may be economically significant.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company places its temporary cash investments in high credit financial institutions. However, a portion of temporary cash investments may exceed FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured levels from time to time. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed, and intends to continue to operate in a manner that will allow it to continue to qualify, as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute dividends equal to at least 90%
of its REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders, and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to matters such as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Provided the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on the earnings distributed currently to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and, for years prior to 2018, any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, the Company may not be able to
re-elect
as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. From time to time, the Company has elected to treat certain subsidiaries as TRSs. A TRS is treated as a regular corporation and is subject to federal income tax and applicable state income and franchise taxes at
regular
corporate rates.
Non-controlling
Interests
The Company follows the provisions pertaining to
non-controlling
interests of ASC Topic 810.810, Consolidation. A
non-controlling
interest is the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Among other matters, the
non-controlling
interest standards require that
non-controlling
interests be reported as part of equity in the consolidated balance sheet (separately from the controlling interest’s equity).
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Equity-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for equity-based compensation, including shares of restricted stock units, in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires the Company to recognize an expense for the fair value of equity-based awards. The estimated fair value of restricted stock units is amortized over their respective vesting period.
Earnings per Common Share
The Company calculates net income per common share based upon the weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and D
e
cember 31, 2018.at period end. Diluted earnings per share is calculated after giving effect to all potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period.
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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to mitigate its interest rate risk on the related financial instruments. The Company does not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes. The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. For derivatives that qualify as hedging instruments, a companyan entity must designate the instruments as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC
ASC 820-10,
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC
820-10”)
establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level
3 of the hierarchy).
Level
1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level
2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level
1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level
2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level
3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which is typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Deferred Leasing Costs
Fees and costs paid in the successful negotiation of leases are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates in one industry segment, commercial real estate.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) established Topic 848, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No. 2020-04. 2020-04
(“ASU
2020-04”).
ASU
2020-04
provides companies with optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. For contracts affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met, companies can elect to not remeasure contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting conclusion. Companies can also elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. Further, in January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards BoardFASB issued Accounting
ASU
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Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-01,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU
2021-01”).
ASU
2021-01 clarifies
clarified the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848. ASU
2020-04
and ASU
2021-01
can be applied as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, however, the guidance will only be available for optional use through December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2022-06,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (“ASU
2022-06”).
ASU
2022-06
amends the date the guidance will be available to December 31, 2024. The new standard applies prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships
and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company transitioned its LIBOR-based contracts to SOFR and elected to apply the practical expedients to modifications of qualifying debt contracts and hedging relationships as continuations of the existing contracts, rather than as new contracts. Application of the hedge accounting expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation and does not result in dedesignation of hedging relationships. Applying the expedients did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has no remaining LIBOR-based contracts.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2023-07
(“ASU
2023-07”)
Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which will enhance segment disclosures. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This standard must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company has not yet adopted the standard and continues to evaluateis currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01
2023-07
on itsthe Company’s consolidated financial statements and may elect optional expedients in future periods as reference rate reform activities o
c
cur.
disclosures.
On April 10, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued a Staff Q&A to respond to some frequently asked questions about accounting for rent relief related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, for rent relief related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, an entity will not be required to analyze each contract to determine whether enforceable rights and obligations for abatements exist in the contract and can elect to apply or not apply the lease modification guidance to those contracts. Entities may make the elections for any lessor-provided rent relief related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., deferrals of lease payments, reduced future lease payments, etc.) as long as the rent relief does not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee. To date, the Company granted rent relief to certain tenants, most often in the form of a rent deferral or rent abatement. For rent relief granted that did not result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee, the Company elected to not apply the lease modification guidance and instead account for the rent relief as though the enforceable rights and obligations for the relief existed in the original contract. For rent relief granted that resulted in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or the obligations of the lessee, the Company applied the lease modification guidance to the applicable contracts.
3. Rents Receivable, Net
The Company’s rents receivable is comprised of the following components (in thousands):
 

   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Billed receivables
  $2,239   $2,880 
Straight-line receivables
   30,729    29,232 
           
Total rents receivable
  $32,968
 
  $32,112
 
           
   
December 31, 2023
   
December 31, 2022
 
Billed receivables
  $5,132   $4,675 
Straight-line receivables (unbilled receivables)
   48,322    39,754 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total rents receivable
  $53,454   $44,429 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2020,2023, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.1
million.nominal. As of December 31, 2019,2022, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was nominal.$0.1 
million.
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4. Real Estate Investments
Acquisitions
During the years ended December 31, 2020,
2023, December 31, 20192022 and December 31, 20182021 the Company acquired the following properties:
 

Property
 
Date Acquired
  
Percentage Owned
 
7601 TechBloc 83
December 2021100%
The Terraces
December 2021100%
Block 23
December 2021100%
5910 Pacific Center and 9985 Pacific Heights
(1)
   September 2019May 2021    100
%
Cascade Station
June 2019100
%
Canyon Park
February 2019100
%
Camelback Square
December 2018100
%
Greenwood Blvd
December 2018100
%
Circle Point Land
December 2018100
%
The Quad
July 2018100
%
Circle Point
July 2018100
%
Pima Center
April 2018100
%
100%		 
 
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(1)
Denver Tech is comprised5910 Pacific Center and 9985 Pacific Heights were added to the existing Sorrento Mesa portfolio of 7601 Tech and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”properties (collectively “Sorrento Mesa”). The Sorrento Mesa portfolio was subsequently sold in December 2021.
Each of the foregoing acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions.
The following table summarizes the Company’s allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 20192021 (in thousands):
 
   
Canyon
Park
   
Cascade
Station
   
7601
Tech
   
December 31,
2019
 
Land
  $7,098   $—     $10,865   $17,963 
Buildings and improvements
   36,619    25,141    25,677    87,437 
Tenant improvements
   1,797    2,080    3,858    7,735 
Lease intangible assets
   8,109    3,134    7,401    18,644 
Other assets
   10    3,164    293    3,467 
Debt
   —      (697)    —      (697) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
   (1,266)    (186)    (668)    (2,120) 
Lease intangible liabilities
   (1,297)    (220)    (79)    (1,596) 
                     
Net assets acquired
  $51,070   $32,416   $47,347   $130,833 
                     
   
5910 Pacific
Center and 9985
Pacific Heights
  
Block 23
  
The
Terraces
  
Bloc 83
  
December 31, 2021
 
Land
  $37,294  $—   $15,861  $18,956  $72,111 
Building and improvements
   2,979   115,747   101,455   280,313   500,494 
Tenant improvements
   917   2,375   6,431   5,075   14,798 
Lease intangible assets
   2,469   11,306   11,074   19,560   44,409 
Other assets
   19   10,627   15   291   10,952 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
   (319)   (1,914)   (319)   (463)   (3,015) 
Lease intangible liabilities
   (103)   (2,197)   (2,118)   (3,014)   (7,432) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net assets acquired
  $43,256  $135,944  $132,399  $320,718  $632,317 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Consideration paid on acquisitionsAs part of the Block 23 acquisition, the Company was assigned an agreement from the prior owner for a billboard asset located at the property. The Company and a third party each hold a 50% undivided interest in the form of cashbillboard and debt.the related debt associated with the asset. The acquisitionCompany has accounted for this arrangement under the equity method. As of the Cascade Station propertyacquisition date, the fair value assigned to the equity method investment was partially funded through an assumption$0.3 million, which was included in other assets. As of debt with a principal amount of $22.5December 31, 2023, the Company’s interest in the investment was $0.3 
million.
million at closing.
The following table summarizes the Company’s allocations of the purchase price of assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
   
Pima
Center
  
Circle
Point
  
The
Quad
  
Circle Point
Land
  
Greenwood
Blvd
  
Camelback
Square
  
December 31,
2018
 
Land
  $—    $8,744  $8,079  $4,937  $3,945  $11,738  $37,443 
Buildings and improvements
   42,235   33,708   38,060   —     23,741   35,532   173,276 
Tenant improvements
   2,898   5,393   1,798   —     2,278   2,390   14,757 
Lease intangible assets
   10,691   10,299   4,209   —     4,578   4,304   34,081 
Other assets
   95   25   15   —     15   10   160 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
   (337)   (1,157)   (527)   (72)   (96)   (421)   (2,610) 
Lease intangible liabilities
   (129)   (390)   (1,247)   —     —     (827)   (2,593) 
                              
Net assets acquired
  $55,453  $56,622  $50,387  $4,865  $34,461  $52,726  $254,514 
                              
SaleDisposition of Real Estate Property
190 Office Center
On July 23, 2020,May 15, 2023, the Company soldconsented to the appointment of a land parcel atreceiver to assume possession and control of the Circle Point190 Office Center property as a result of an event of default as defined in Denver, Coloradothe property’s
non-recourse
loan agreement. Given the appointment of the receiver, the Company assessed whether the entity holding the property should be reassessed for $6.5 consolidation as a VIE in accordance with ASC 810 – Consolidation.
Based on its analysis, the Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE and therefore deconsolidated the property as of May 15, 2023. The Company deconsolidated the net carrying value of real estate assets of
$
35.7
million, resulting in an aggregate gainthe mortgage loan of $1.3
$
38.6
 
million, cash and restricted cash of
$
4.0
million and net current liabilities of
$
1.0
million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a loss on deconsolidation of
$
0.1
million, net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified asincluded within net loss/gain on saledisposition of real estate property inon the Company’s consolidated statementsstatement of operations.operations and statement of cash flows. During the fourth quarter of 2023, title of the property was transferred to the lender.
On December 12, 2019, the Company sold the Logan Tower property in Denver, Colorado for
 
$
12.6
 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $
2.9
million net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.79
On May 7, 2019, the Company sold the 10455 Pacific Center building of t
h
e Sorrento Mesa property in San Diego, California for
$16.5 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of $0.5 
million net of disposal-related costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.
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Lake Vista Pointe
During the first quarter of 2022, the sole tenant at the Lake Vista Pointe property exercised its lease option to purchase the building and the Company signed a purchase and sale agreement with the tenant. At the time the tenant exercised the option, the Company reassessed the lease classification of the lease, in accordance with ASC 842 – Leases, and determined that the lease should be reclassified from an operating lease to a sales-type lease. This reclassification resulted in a gain on sale of $21.7 million net of disposal related costs. On February 7, 2019,June 15, 2022, the Company sold the Plaza 25Lake Vista Pointe property in Denver, ColoradoDallas, Texas for $17.9a gross sales price of $43.8 million. No gain or loss was recognized on the sale as the property was carried at fair value less cost to sell on the date of disposition.
Sorrento Mesa
On
March 
8
,
2018
, December 2, 2021, the Company sold the Washington Group Plaza propertySorrento Mesa portfolio (“Sorrento Mesa”) in Boise, IdahoSan Diego, California for $
86.5
a gross sales price of $576.0 million, resulting in an aggregate net gain of $
47.0
$429.3 million net of $
1.7
$28.3 million in costs, which has been classified as net gain on sale of real estate property in the consolidated statements of operations.disposal-related
costs
.
Assets Held for Sale
Cherry Creek
On November 18
, 2020
,February 10, 2021, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sellsold the Cherry Creek property in Denver,
Colorado
for $95.0
million. The Company determined that the property met the criteria for classification as held for sale asa gross sales price of December 31
, 2020
.
Refer to Note 13 “Subsequent Events” to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
The property was classified as held for sale as$95.0 million, resulting in an aggregate gain of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Cherry Creek
  
December 31,
2020
 
Real estate properties, net
  $40,849 
Deferred leasing costs, net
   150 
Acquired lease intangible assets, net
   2,256 
Rents receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets
   2,799 
      
Assets held for sale
  $46,054 
      
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred rent and tenant rent deposits
  $(531) 
      
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
  $(531) 
      
On May 10, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell a land parcel at the Circle Point property for $6.5
million. The Company determined that the land parcel met the criteria for classification as held for sale as$47.4 million net of December 31, 2019. On July 23, 2020, the Company completed the sale of the land parcel at the Circle Point property.
The property has been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Circle Point Land
December 31,
2019
Real estate properties, net
$4,514
Assets held for sale
$4,514
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred rent and tenant rent deposits
$(67) 
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
$(67) 
disposal-related costs.
76Impairment of Real Estate
There was no impairment of real estate during the year ended December 31, 2023. In December 2022, the Company determined there were indicators of impairment for two of its properties, which resulted in the Company recognizing impairment of real estate for $13.4 million. The impairment was related to the write down of the carrying amount of 190 Office Center in Dallas, Texas and Cascade Station in Portland, Oregon for $6.9 million and $6.5 million, respectively, to fair value. Fair value was determined based either on recent comparable sales transactions (adjusted for relevant factors such as the size, quality and occupancy rates of comparable properties) or on reports provided by an external valuator (which considered comparable sales transactions, discounted cash flows and other factors), each of which are classified as Level 3 inputs. There was no impairment of real estate during the year ended December 31, 2021.
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5. Lease Intangibles
Lease intangibles and the value of assumed lease obligations as of December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022 were comprised as follows (in thousands):
 

  
Lease Intangible Assets
  
Lease Intangible Liabilities
   
Lease Intangible Assets
 
Lease Intangible Liabilities
 
December 31, 2020
  
Above

Market
Leases
  
In Place

Leases
  
Leasing
Commissions
  
Total
  
Below
Market
Leases
   
Below
Market
Ground
Lease
   
Total
 
December 31, 2023
  
Above

Market
Leases
 
In Place

Leases
 
Leasing
Commissions
 
Total
 
Below
Market
Leases
   
Below
Market
Ground
Lease
   
Total
 
Cost
  $14,894  $80,259  $30,284  $125,437  $(13,093)   $(138)   $(13,231)   $17,463  $73,128  $32,541  $123,132  $(14,968)  $(138)  $(15,106) 
Accumulated amortization
   (8,497)   (55,636)   (17,161)   (81,294)   7,152    44    7,196    (10,222)  (51,290)  (19,186)  (80,698)  7,314  56  7,370 
                           
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  $6,397  $24,623  $13,123  $44,143  $(5,941)   $(94)   $(6,035)   $7,241  $21,838  $13,355  $42,434  $(7,654)  $(82)  $(7,736) 
                             
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
Lease Intangible Assets
  
Lease Intangible Liabilities
 
December 31, 2019
  
Above

Market
Leases
  
In Place

Leases
  
Leasing
Commissions
  
Total
  
Below
Market
Leases
   
Below
Market
Ground
Lease
   
Total
 
Cost
  $15,242  $87,320  $36,048  $138,610  $(13,878)   $(138)   $(14,016) 
Accumulated amortization
   (6,704)   (48,229)   (16,144)   (71,077)   5,782    40    5,822 
                         
  $8,538  $39,091  $19,904  $67,533  $(8,096)   $(98)  $(8,194) 
                           

   
Lease Intangible Assets
  
Lease Intangible Liabilities
 
December 31, 2022
  
Above

Market
Leases
  
In Place

Leases
  
Leasing
Commissions
  
Total
  
Below
Market
Leases
   
Below
Market
Ground
Lease
   
Total
 
Cost
  $18,793  $78,720  $34,123  $131,636  $(15,682)  $(138)  $(15,820) 
Accumulated amortization
   (9,069)   (49,772)   (17,357)   (76,198)   6,618   52   6,670 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
   $9,724  $28,948  $16,766  $55,438  $(9,064)  $(86)  $(9,150) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
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The estimated aggregate amortization expense for lease intangibles for the five succeeding years and in the aggregate are as follows (in thousands):
2021
  $13,632 
2022
   8,229 
2023
   5,355 
2024
   3,040 
2025
   2,659 
Thereafter
   5,193 
      
   $38,108 
      
 
77
     
2024
  $6,371 
2025
   6,201 
2026
   5,888 
2027
   4,901 
2028
   4,206 
Thereafter
   7,131 
   
 
 
 
   $34,698 
   
 
 
 
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6. Debt
On January 5, 2023, the Company transitioned the borrowing rate of its unsecured credit facility (the “Unsecured Credit Facility”) and $50 million term loan from LIBOR to daily-simple SOFR. The Company applied the practical expedients available under the reference rate reform guidance and accounted for the modifications as continuations of the existing
contracts.
The following table summarizes the outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 20202023 and 2019 (in2022 (dollars in thousands):, including the impact of the effective interest rate swaps described in Note 7:
Property
 
December 31,

2020
  
December 31,
2019
  
Interest Rate as
of
December 31,

2020
(1)
  
Maturity
 
Unsecured Credit Facility
(3)(4)
  $75,000   $—      LIBOR +1.50%
(2)
  March 2022 
Term Loan
(4)
   50,000    50,000    LIBOR +1.40%
(2)
  September 2024 
Midland Life Insurance
(5)
   83,537    85,293    4.34%   May 2021 
Mission City
   47,000    47,000    3.78%   November 2027 
Canyon Park
(6)
   40,950    40,950    4.30%   March 2027 
190 Office Center
   40,236    40,854    4.79%   October 2025 
Circle Point
   39,650    39,650    4.49%   September 2028 
SanTan
   33,444    34,053    4.56%   March 2027 
Intellicenter
   32,442    32,971    4.65%   October 2025 
The Quad
   30,600    30,600    4.20%   September 2028 
FRP Collection
   28,263    28,969    3.10%   September 2023 
2525 McKinnon
   27,000    27,000    4.24%   April 2027 
Greenwood Blvd
   22,425    22,425    3.15%   December 2025 
Cascade Station
   21,952    22,304    4.55%   May 2024 
5090 N
.
40th St
   21,640    22,000    3.92%   January 2027 
AmberGlen
   20,000    20,000    3.69%   May 2027 
Lake Vista Pointe
   17,375    17,717    4.28%   August 2024 
Central Fairwinds
   17,127    17,534    3.15%   June 2024 
FRP Ingenuity Drive
   16,736    17,000    4.44%   December 2024 
Carillon Point
   15,585    15,972    3.10%   October 2023 
                    
Total Principal
   680,962    612,292          
Deferred financing costs, net
   (4,195)    (5,660)          
Unamortized fair value adjustments
   475    618          
                    
Total
  $677,242   $607,250          
                    


Property
 
December 31, 2023
  
December 31, 2022
  
Interest Rate as of
December 31, 2023
  
Maturity
 
Unsecured Credit Facility
(2)(4)
 $200,000  $200,500   SOFR +1.50%
(1)(2)
 		  November 2025 
Term Loan
(3)
  50,000   50,000   SOFR +1.35%
(1)(3)
 		  September 2024 
Term Loan
(4)
  25,000   —    6.00%
(4)
 		  January 2026 
Mission City  45,994   46,859   3.78%   November 2027 
Canyon Park
(5)
  38,932   39,673   4.30%   March 2027 
Circle Point
  38,789   39,440   4.49%   September 2028 
SanTan
(6)
  31,501   32,140   4.56%   March 2027 
Intellicenter
  30,682   31,297   4.65%   October 2025 
The Quad
  30,600   30,600   4.20%   September 2028 
2525 McKinnon
  27,000   27,000   4.24%   April 2027 
FRP Collection
(7)
  26,139   26,784   7.05%
(7)
 		  August 2028 
Greenwood Blvd
  20,856   21,396   3.15%   December 2025 
Cascade Station
(8)
  20,752   21,192   4.55%   May 2024 
5090 N. 40th St  20,370   20,810   3.92%   January 2027 
AmberGlen
  20,000   20,000   3.69%   May 2027 
FRP Ingenuity Drive
(9)
  15,860   16,165   4.44%   December 2024 
Central Fairwinds
  15,826   16,273   3.15%   June 2024 
Carillon Point
(7)
  14,419   14,773   7.05%
(7)
 		  August 2028 
190 Office Center
(10)
  —    38,894   —    —  
  
 
 
  
 
 
         
Total Principal
  672,720   693,796         
Deferred financing costs, net
  (3,258)   (3,887)         
Unamortized fair value
 
adjustments
  48   190         
  
 
 
  
 
 
         
Total
 $669,510  $690,099         
  
 
 
  
 
 
         

 (1)
All interest rates are fixed interest rates withAs of December 31, 2023, the exception of the Unsecured Credit Facility (“Unsecured Credit Facility”) and the Term Loan (as defined herein), as explained in footnotes 3 and 4 below.daily-simple SOFR rate was 5.38%.
 (2)
As of December 31, 2020, the
one-month
LIBOR rate was 0.14%.
(3)
In March 2018, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement for the Unsecured Credit Facility that provides for commitments of up to $250
million, which includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to borrow up to $500
million, subject to customary terms and conditions. The Unsecured Credit Facility matures in March
2022
and may be extended to
March 2023
at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. Borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBORdaily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of between 140135 to 225235 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a three-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $140 million, effective March 8, 2023, effectively fixing the SOFR
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component of the borrowing rate for $140 million of the Unsecured Credit Facility at 4.19%. As of December 31, 2020,2023, the Unsecured Credit Facility had $75.0 
$200.0 million drawn and $7.0
a $4.2 million of lettersletter of credit to satisfy escrow requirements for a mortgage lenders.lender. The Unsecured Credit Facility matures in November 2025 and may be extended 12 months at the Company’s option upon meeting certain conditions. The Unsecured Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of no less than 1.50x.
 (4)(3)
In September 2019, the Company entered into a five-year $50
million Term Loan (the “Term Loan”) increasing its authorized borrowings under the Unsecured Credit Facility from $250
million to $300
million. Borrowings under the Term Loan$50 million term loan bear interest at a rate equal to the LIBORdaily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of between 125135 to 215225 basis points depending upon the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The SOFR component of the borrowing rate is effectively fixed
for the remainder of the five-year term 
by a $50 million interest rate swap at 1.17%.
(4)
On January 5, 2023, the Company entered into a second amendment to its
amended and restated credit agreement
, dated November 16, 2021 for the Unsecured Credit Facility and entered into a three-year $
25
 million term loan, increasing its total authorized borrowings from $
350
 million to $
375
 million. Borrowings under the $
25
 million term loan bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of
210
basis points. In conjunction with the Term Loan,term loan, the Company also entered into a five-yearthree-year interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50 $
25
 
million, (the “Interest Rate Swap”). Pursuant toeffectively fixing the Interest Rate Swap,SOFR component of the Company will pay a fixedborrowing rate of approximately 1.27% of the notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floating rateterm loan at
30-day3.90
LIBOR payments.
%.
 (5)
The mortgage loan is cross-collateralized by Cherry Creek, City Center and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”).
 In February 2021, the loan balance of 
$83.5
million was repaid in full.
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(6)
The mortgage loan anticipated repayment date (“ARD”) is March 1, 2027. The final scheduled maturity date can be extended up to 5 years beyond the ARD. If the loan is not paid off at ARD, the loan’s interest rate shall be adjusted to the greater of (i) the initial interest rate plus 200 basis points or (ii) the yield on the five year “on the run” treasury reported by Bloomberg market data service plus 450 basis points.
(6)
In the second quarter of 2023, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (“DSCR”) and debt yield covenants for SanTan were not met, which triggered a ‘cash-sweep period’ that began in the second quarter of 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the DSCR and debt yield covenants were still not met. As of
December 
31, 2023, total restricted cash for the property was $4.1 million.
(7)
On August 16, 2023, the Company entered into two amended and restated loan agreements for FRP Collection and Carillon Point, which among other things, extended the term for an additional five years and amended the interest rates from fixed to floating. The loans bear interest at a rate equal to the daily-simple SOFR rate plus a margin of 275 basis points. In conjunction with the amended and restated loan agreements, the Company also entered into two five-year interest rate swap agreements, effectively fixing the SOFR component of the borrowing rate of the loans at 4.30%.
(8)
In the first quarter of 2023, a ‘cash-sweep period’ began for the Cascade Station loan due to the
non-renewal
of a major tenant’s leased space in the building. As of December 31, 2023, total restricted cash for the property was $2.0 million.
(9)
In the third quarter of 2022, the DSCR covenant for FRP Ingenuity Drive was not met, which triggered a ‘cash-sweep period’ that began in the fourth quarter of 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the DSCR was still not met. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, total restricted cash for the property was $3.2 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
(10)
In the second quarter of 2023, the non-recourse debt associated with the 190 Office Center property was deconsolidated as a result of the appointment of a receiver to assume possession and control of the property. The loan balance as of the date of deconsolidation was
$38.6 
million. 
The scheduled principal repayments of mortgage payable as of December 31, 20202023 are as follows (in thousands):
 
  
2021
  $89,304 
2022
   81,529 
2023
   48,529 
2024
   124,725   $107,675 
2025
   92,036    254,697 
2026
   29,563 
2027
   176,477 
2028
   104,308 
Thereafter
   244,839    —  
       
 
 
  $680,962   $672,720 
      
 
 
7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value measurements are based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is as follows:
Level 1 Inputs – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 Inputs – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
Level 3 Inputs – unobservable inputs
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In September 2019, the Company entered into the five-year Interest Rate Swapa LIBOR interest rate swap for a notional amount of $50$50.0 million. Pursuant to the Interest Rate Swap,In
January 2023, the Company will pay a fixedamended the $
50.0
 million interest rate of approximately 1.27%swap to transition from LIBOR to daily-simple SOFR. The Company applied the practical expedients available for hedging relationships under the reference rate reform guidance, which preserves the presentation of the derivative consistent with past presentation and does not result in dedesignation of the hedging relationship. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately
1.17
%
for the remainder of the five-year term
.
In January 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount annually, payable monthly, and receive floatingof $25.0 million. The interest rate
30-day swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately 3.90% for the three-year term.
LIBOR payments.
In February 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap for a notional amount of $140.0 million. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately 4.19% for the three-year term.
In August 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap at FRP Collection for an initial notional amount of $26.3 million. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately 4.30% for the five-year term. The notional amount of the interest rate swap amortizes over the term consistent with the balance of the corresponding loan.

In August 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap at Carillon Point for an initial notional amount of $
14.5
 million. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the SOFR component of the corresponding loan at approximately
4.30
% for the five-year term. The notional amount of the interest rate swap amortizes over the term consistent with the balance of the corresponding loan.
The Interest Rate Swap hasfair value of the interest rate swaps have been classified as Level 2 fair value measurements.
The interest rate swaps have been designated and qualifiesqualify as a cash flow hedgehedges and hashave been recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The fair value, of the Interest Rate Swap has been classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement.presented within other assets and other liabilities. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive incomeincome/(loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
As
The following table summarizes the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2020, the Interest Rate Swap was reported as a liability at its fair value of approximately $2.02023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
 
million, which is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
  
Notional Value

December 31, 2023
  
Effective Date
  
Maturity Date
  
Fair Value

Assets/(Liabilities)
 
 
December 31, 2023
  
December 31, 2022
 
Interest Rate Swap
 $50,000   September 2019   September 2024  $1,268  $2,731 
Interest Rate Swap
  25,000   January 2023   January 2026   49   —  
Interest Rate Swap
  140,000   March 2023   November 2025   (295)   —  
Interest Rate Swap
  26,139   August 2023   August 2028   (846)   —  
Interest Rate Swap
  14,419   August 2023   August 2028   (466)   —  
  
 
 
          
 
 
  
 
 
 
  $255,558          $(290)  $2,731 
  
 
 
          
 
 
  
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 20202023, approximately $0.3
$3.4 million of net realized lossesgains were reclassified to interest expense due to payments made toreceived from the swap counterparty.
As of December 31, 2019, the Interest Rate Swap was reported as an asset at its fair value of approximately $0.7
million, which is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. For the year ended December 31, 2019 the amount2022, approximately $0.2 million of net realized gains were reclassified to interest expense due to payments received byfrom the swap counterparty was $0.1counterparty.
 
million.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Rents Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
The Company estimates that the fair value approximates carrying value due to the relatively short-term nature of these instruments.
7
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
With the exception of fixed rate mortgage loans payable, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair value. The Company determines the fair value of its fixed rate mortgage loan payable
loans
based on a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate that approximates the current borrowing rates for instruments of similar maturities. Based on this, the Company has determined that the fair value of these instruments was $573.6
$343.1 million and $576.9
$420.7 million (compared to a carrying value of $357.2 million and $443.3 million) as of December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 2019,2022, respectively. Accordingly, the fair value of mortgage loans payable have been classified as Level
3 fair value measurements.
8. Related Party Transactions
Administrative Services Agreements
On October 29, 2018, the Company entered into the First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Administrative Services Agreementwith real estate investment funds affiliated with Second City Capital II
Corporate and Second City Real Estate II Corporation (“SCRE II”). The terms of the Amendment were effective on February 1, 2019 (the “Effective Date”). After February 1, 2019, the annual fees payable to the Company
will be were
$
500,000
for the first twelve months following the Effective Date and thereafter an amount equal to
40
% of the management fee paid to SCRE II by the fund managed by SCRE II. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019,2023, 2022, and 2018,2021, the Company earned $
0.50.1
 
million, $
0.50.3
 
million, and $
0.70.4
 
million, respectively, in administrative services performed for SCRE II and its affiliates.
Also during the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company was assigned a purchase contract which had been entered into by an entity affiliated with principals of Second City, which principals are also officers of the Company. The Company subsequently assigned the purchase contract to a third party. The Company paid no consideration to the related party for the contract other than return of deposits which the Company subsequently recovered from a third party in addition to an assignment fee. The Company recognized income of $2.6
million on the assignment of the purchase contract to the third party, which was recorded in rental and other revenues on the consolidated statements of operations.
On July 31, 2019, an indirect, wholly-ownedwholly owned subsidiary of the Company entered into an administrative services agreement with Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership and Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (together, “Clarity”), entities affiliated with principals of Second City and officers of the Company. Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, the Company will provide various administrative services and support to the related entities managing the Clarity funds. During the yearyears ended December 31, 2020,2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company earned
$0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively, in administrative services performed for Clarity. During the y
e
ar ended December 31, 2019, the amounts earned by the Company for the administrative services performed for Clarity were nominal.
Minority Interest Buy Out
On August 1, 2018, the Company signed an agreement with Second City Capital Partners II, Limited Partnership (“SCCP”) whereby SCCP agreed to sell its seven percent minority interest in Central Fairwinds Limited Partnership to the Company for $1.1
million. As a result of the agreement, the Company’s ownership percentage in Central Fairwinds Limited Partnership is 97%.
9. Leases
Lessor Accounting
The Company is focused on acquiring, owning a
n
dand operating high-quality office properties for lease to a stable and diverse tenant base. OurThe Company’s properties have both full-service gross and net leases which are generally
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classified as operating leases. Rental income related to such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. The Company’s total revenue includes fixed base rental payments provided under the lease and variable payments, which principally consist of tenant expense reimbursements for certain property operating expenses.expenses as provided under the lease. The Company elected the practical expedient to account for its lease and
non-lease
components as a single combined operating lease component under ASC 842. As a result, rental income, expense reimbursement, and other were aggregated into a single line within rental and other revenues on the consolidated stat
e
mentsstatements of operations.
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The Company recognized fixed and variable lease payments for operating leases for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022 as follows (in thousands):
 
   
Years Ended
December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
Fixed payments
  $137,247   $132,540 
Variable payments
   23,502    20,990 
           
   $160,749   $153,530 
           
   
Years Ended
December 31,
 
   
2023
   
2022
 
Fixed payments
  $149,203   $154,126 
Variable payments
   26,826    24,827 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   $176,029   $178,953 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The Company ceased recognizing rental lease income with respect to the 190 Office Center property on the deconsolidation of the entity on May 15, 2023 (refer to Note 4).
The Company recognized interest income of $0.6 million and variable lease payments of $0.2 million for the sales-type lease at the Lake Vista Pointe property for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Future minimum lease payments to be received as of December 31, 20202023 under noncancellable operating leases for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
 

2021
  $125,736 
2022
   108,493 
2023
   91,708 
  
2024
   72,312   $126,964 
2025
   56,709    116,129 
2026
   105,597 
2027
   88,679 
2028
   74,116 
Thereafter
   146,488    160,944 
       
 
 
  $601,446   $672,429 
      
 
 
The Company’s leases may include various provisions such as scheduled rent increases, renewal options, purchase options and termination options. The majority of the Company’s leases include defined rent increase rather than variable payments based on an index or unknown rate.
The Company, through wholly owned subsidiaries, is the landlord under leases totaling approximately
177,000
square feet with subsidiaries of WeWork Inc. (“WeWork”) at three of the Company’s properties. WeWork announced on November 6, 2023 that it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As of December 31, 2023, WeWork was operating at all three locations and the leases with Block 23, The Terraces and Bloc 83 had not been rejected as part of the WeWork bankruptcy proceedings. As at December 31, 2023, the Company assessed the likelihood of lease rejection and collection of contractual lease payments across the three locations and determined at Block 23 it was not probable that the lease payments would be collected and therefore the straight-line rent receivable and acquired lease intangible balances should be
written-off. This
resulted in a
$1.4 
million reduction in rental and other revenues and a
$1.5
million increase to depreciation and amortization expense. Subsequent to December 31, 2023 the lease at Block 23 was rejected effective February 7, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining balance sheet exposure to WeWork was
$1.4 
million in straight-line rent receivables,
$2.8 
million in tenant improvements, and
$8.5 
million in acquired lease intangible assets. The Company continues to monitor rental payments and potential lease rejection related to WeWork.
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Lessee Accounting
As a lessee, the Company has ground and office leases which are classified as operating leases and one office lease classified as a financing lease.leases. As of December 31, 2020,2023, these leases had remaining terms of 1
three
to 6865 years and a weighted average remaining lease term of 5850 years.
Right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities have been included within other assets and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as follows (in thousands):
 
   
December 31,
2020
   
December 31,
2019
 
Right-of-use
asset – operating leases
  $12,739   $13,130 
Lease liability – operating leases
  $7,719   $8,033 
Right-of-use
asset – financing leases
  $55   $79 
Lease liability – financing leases
  $55   $79 
  
December 31, 2023
  
December 31, 2022
 
Right
-of-use
asset –
operating leases
  $12,564   $12,935 
Lease l
iability –
operating leases
  $8,550   $8,802 
Right
-of-use
asset –
financing leases
  $9,820   $10,054 
Lease
liability –
financing
leases
  $1,551   $1,475 
Lease liabilities are measured at the commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments. One of the Company’s operating ground leases includes rental payment increases over the lease term based on increases in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). Changes in the CPI were not estimated as part of the measurement of the operating lease liability. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in
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determining the present value of future payments. The Company used a weighted average discount rate of 6.3%6.2% in determining its lease liabilities. The discount rates were derived from the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the Company and adjusted to reflect secured borrowing, estimated
yield
curves and long-term spread adjustments.
Right-of-use
assets include any prepaid lease payments and exclude any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.
Operating lease expense for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and 20192022 was $0.9
million and $0.8
$1.0 million,
,
respectively. Financing lease expense for the years ended December 31, 20202023 and December 31, 20192022 was nominal.$0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments to be paid by the Company as a lessee for operating and finance leases as of December 31, 20202023 for the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
 

  
Operating
Leases
   
Financing
Leases
   
Operating
Leases
   
Financing
Leases
 
2021
  $552   $27 
2022
   798    27 
2023
   663    4 
2024
   597    0     $651   $7 
2025
   596    0      770    8 
2026
   724    8 
2027
   587    8 
2028
   587    8 
Thereafter
   26,084    0      25,976    6,930 
           
 
   
 
 
Total future minimum lease payments
   29,290    58    29,295    6,969 
Discount
   (21,571)    (3)    (20,745)    (5,418) 
           
 
   
 
 
Total
  $7,719   $55   $8,550   $1,551 
          
 
   
 
 
10. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is obligated under certain tenant leases to fund tenant improvements and the expansion of the underlying leased properties.
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Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances disposed, stored, generated, released, manufactured or discharged from, on, at, under, or in a property. As such, the Company may be potentially liable for costs associated with any potential environmental remediation at any of its formerly or currently owned properties.
The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances. Management is not aware of any environmental liability that it believes would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. Management is unaware of any instances in which the Company would incur significant environmental costs if any or all properties were sold, disposed of or abandoned. However, there can be no assurance that any such
non-compliance,
liability, claim or expenditure will not arise in the future.
The Company is involved from time to time in lawsuits and other disputes which arise in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020,2023, management believes that these matters will not have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the Company’s financial position or results
of operations.
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11.1. Earnings per Share
The table below is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019,2023, 2022, and 20182021 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 

  
Years ended December 31,
   
Years ended December 31,
 
  
2020
  
2019
  
2018
   
2023
 
2022
 
2021
 
Net income
  $5,129 $2,442 $38,669 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in properties
   (602)  (644)  (501) 
Less: Net income attributable to Preferred stockholders
   (7,420)  (7,420)  (7,420) 
Net (loss)/income
  $(2,035)  $17,681  $485,281 
Less: Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interests in properties
   (647)  (691)  (886) 
Less: Net income attributable to preferred stockholders
   (7,420)  (7,420)  (7,420) 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Numerator for basic and diluted EPS
  $(2,893)  $(5,622)  $30,748   $(10,102)  $9,570  $476,975 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Denominator for basic EPS
   47,223 43,997 37,321    39,922  42,052  43,498 
Dilutive effect of RSUs
   —    —    349 
Dilutive effect of RSUs and PSUs
   —   814  647 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
Denominator for dilutive EPS
  $ 47,223 
$
 
43,997 
$
 
37,670    39,922  42,866  44,145 
             
 
  
 
  
 
 
Net (loss)/income per common share:
               
Basic
  $(0.06)  $(0.13)  $0.82   $(0.25)  $0.23  $10.97 
Dilutive
  $(0.06)  $(0.13)  $0.82 
Diluted  $(0.25)  $0.22  $10.80 
12. Stockholder’s Equity
On June 16, 2017,October 4, 2016, the Company and the Operating Partnership previously entered into the equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Original Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and BMO Capital
Markets Corp. 
(collectively, the “Sales Agents”),completed a public preferred stock offering pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to timesold 4,000,000 shares of common stock and the Company’s
6.625
% our 6.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On November 1, 2018, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into amendments (the “Amendments”), par value $0.01 per share to the Original Agreements (as amended by the Amendments, the “EDAs”) with eachpublic at a price of the Sales Agents to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the ATM Program. Pursuant to the terms of the EDAs, the Company may issue and sell from time to time, up to
8,000,000
shares of common stock and up to
1,000,000
shares of Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents pursuant to the ATM Program. Pursuant to the EDAs, the shares may be offered and sold through the Sales Agents in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or, with the prior consent of the Company, in privately negotiated transactions. The Sales Agents will be entitled to compensation of up to
2.0
% of the gross proceeds of shares sold through the Sales Agents from time to time under the EDAs. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares under the EDAs and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under, or terminate, the EDAs. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued
8,000,000
shares of common stock under the ATM Program.$25.00 per share. The Company raised $
106.5
$100.0 million in ag
g
regate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $
104.8
$96.5 million after deducting sales commissions$3.5 million in underwriting discounts and offering expenses. Theexpenses related to the offering. On October 28, 2016, the Company terminated the Prior EDAs effective February 25, 2020. The Company did not issue anyissued an additional 480,000 shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock underpursuant to the Prior ATM Program forpartial exercise of the period beginning on January 1, 2020 throughunderwriters’ overallotment option, raising an additional $12.0 million in gross proceeds before underwriting discounts and expenses. The preferred stock is perpetual and from October 4, 2021, the Company may at its option redeem the Preferred Stock in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to, but not including the date the Prior EDAs were terminated.of redemption.
On February 26, 2020, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into equity distribution agreements (collectively, the “Agreements”) with each of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Raymond James &
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Associates, Inc., BMO Capital
Markets Corp., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, B. Riley FBR, Inc., D.A. Davidson & Co. and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (the “Sales Agents”) pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time up to t
o
15,000,000
shares of common stock and up to
1,000,000
shares of Series A Preferred Stock through the Sales Agents, acting as agents or principals (the “ATM Program”). On May 7, 2021 the Company delivered to D.A. Davidson & Co. a notice of termination of the Agreement, effective May 7, 2021. The Company did not issue any shares of
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common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the ATM Program during the fiscal yearyears ended December 31, 2020.
On October 7, 2019, the Company completed a public offering pursuant to which the Company sold 6,900,000 shares of its common stock, inclusive of the overallotment option. The Company raised $95.6
million in aggregate gross proceeds, resulting in aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $94.1
million after deducting underwriting discounts2023, December 31, 2022 and offering expenses.December 31, 2021.
Share Repurchase Plan
On March 9, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $100
million of its outstanding shares of common stock. In July 2020, the Company completed the full March 2020 share repurchase plan. On August 5, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase up to an additional aggregate amount of $50
million of its outstanding shares of common stock. In September 2022, the Company completed the full August 2020 share repurchase plan. On May 4, 2023, the Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase plan (“Repurchase Program”) authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $50 
million of its outstanding shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock. Under the share repurchase programs, the shares may be repurchased from time to time using a variety of methods, which may include open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, all in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC and other applicable legal requirements.
Repurchased shares of common stock will be classified as authorized and unissued shares. The Company recognizes the cost of shares of common stock it repurchases, including direct costs incurred, as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. Such reductions of stockholders equity due to the repurchases of shares of common stock will be applied first, to reduce common stock in the amount of the par value associated with the shares of common stock repurchased and second, to reduce additional
paid-in
capital by the amount that the purchase price for the shares of common stock repurchased exceed the par value.
There were no shares repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2020,2022, the Company completed the repurchase of 11,363,8514,006,897 shares of its common stock for approximately $100.0
$50.0 million. There were no shares repurchased during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.2021.
Common Stock and Common Unit Distributions
During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, the Company declared aggregate cash distributions to common stockholders and common unitholders of $27.4
$20.0 million. The Company paid aggregate cash distributions of $33.8
$23.9 million for the year-endedyear ended December 31, 20202023 and $6.5
$4.0 million was payable as of December 31, 2020.2023, which is included within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, the Company declared the following distributions per share and unit:
 

Period
 
Distribution per
Common
Share/Unit
  
Declaration Date
  
Record Date
  
Payment Date
 
January 1, 2020 – March 31, 2020
 $0.15   March 25, 2020   April 9, 2020   April 24, 2020 
April 1, 2020 – June 30, 2020
  0.15   June 12, 2020   July 10, 2020   July 24, 2020 
July 1, 2020 – September 30, 2020
  0.15   September 15, 2020   October 8, 2020   October 22, 2020 
October 1, 2020 – December 31, 2020
  0.15   December 15, 2020   January 11, 2021   January 25, 2021 
                 
Total
 $0.60             
                 
Period
 
Distribution per
Common
Share/Unit
  
Declaration Date
  
Record Date
  
Payment Date
 
January 1, 2023 – March 31, 2023
 $0.20   March 14, 2023   April 11, 2023   April 25, 2023 
April 1, 2023 – June 30, 2023
  0.10   May 5, 2023   July 7, 2023   July 21, 2023 
July 1, 2023 – September 30, 2023
  0.10   September 15, 2023   October 10, 2023   October 24, 2023 
October 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023
  0.10   December 15, 2023   January 10, 2024   January 24, 2024 
  
 
 
             
Total
 $0.50             
  
 
 
             
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Preferred Stock
Distributions
During the year ended December 31, 2020,2023, the Company d
e
clareddeclared aggregate cash distributions to preferred stockholders of $7.4 million. The Company paid aggregate cash distributions of $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20202023 and $1.9 million was payable as of December 31, 2020.
2023, which is included within in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
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Equity Incentive Plan
The Company has an equity incentive plan
(“(“Equity Incentive Plan”) for executive officers, directors
and certain
non-executive
employees, and with approval of the Board of Directors, for subsidiaries and their respective affiliates. The Equity Incentive Plan provides for grants of restricted common stock, restricted stock units, phantom shares, stock options, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards (including LTIP Units)the grant of Operating Partnership long-term incentive plan units), subject to the total number of shares available for issuance under the plan. The Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors (the “Plan Administrator”“Compensation Committee”).
On May 2, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the The Equity Incentive Plan increasingprovides for the maximum numberissuance of up to 3,763,580 shares of common stock that may be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan from 1,263,580 shares to 2,263,580 shares.stock. To the extent an award granted under the Equity Incentive Plan expires or terminates, the shares subject to any portion of the award that expires or terminates without having been exercised or paid, as the case may be, will again become available for the issuance
of additional awards.
A restricted stock unit (“RSU”) award represents the right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock in the future, after the applicable vesting criteria, determined by the plan administrator, has been satisfied. The holder of an award of RSU has no rights as a stockholder until shares of common stock are issued in settlement of vested restricted stock units. The plan administrator may provide for a grant of dividend equivalent rights in connection with the grant of RSU; provided, however, that if the restricted stock units do not vest solely upon satisfaction of continued employment or service, any payment in respect to the related dividend equivalent rights will be held by the Company and paid when, and only to the extent that, the related RSU vest.
On January 27, 2020, each of the Board of Directors and the Compensation Committee approved a new
form
of
performance-based restricted unit award agreement (the “Performance RSU Award Agreement”)
that will be used to grant
performance-based restricted stock unit awards (“Performance RSU Awards”) pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan. The Performance RSU Awards are based upon the total stockholder return (“TSR”) of the Company’s common stock over a three-year measurement period beginning January 1 2020 and ending on December 31, 2022of the year of grant (the “Measurement Period”) relative to the TSR of a defined peer group list of other US Office REIT companies (the “Peer Group”) as of the companiesfirst trading date in the SNL US REIT Office index asyear of January 2, 2020 (the “2020 RSU Peer Group”).grant. The payouts under the Performance RSU Awards are evaluated on a sliding scale as follows: TSR below the 30th percentile of the 2020 RSU Peer Group would result in a 50% payout; TSR at the 50th percentile of the 2020 RSU Peer Group would result in a 100% payout; and TSR at or above the 75th percentile of the 2020 RSU Peer Group would result in a 150% payout. Payouts are mathematically interpolated between these stated percentile targets, subject to a 150% maximum. To the extent earned, the payouts of the Performance RSU Awards are intended to be settled in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan. Upon satisfaction of the vesting conditions, dividend equivalents in an amount equal to all regular and special dividends declared with respect to the Company’s common stock during each annual measurement period during the Measurement Period are determined and paid on a cumulative, reinvested basis over the term of the applicable Performance RSU Award, at the time such award vests and based on the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that are earned.
During the yearfirst quarter of 2023, the Performance RSU Awards granted in January 2020, with a January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022 Measurement Period, were vested at 150% of the target number of shares granted based on achievement of a TSR that was at or above the 75th percentile of the 2020 Peer Group.
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The following table summarizes the activity of the awards under the Equity Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2020, 147,0502023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
         
   
Number
of RSUs
   
Number of
Performance
RSUs
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020
   332,435    97,500 
Granted
   169,500    120,000 
Issuance of dividend equivalents
   18,665    —  
Vested
   (177,038)    —  
Forfeited
   (1,403)    —  
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2021
   342,159    217,500 
Granted
   237,986    90,000 
Issuance of dividend equivalents
   25,987    —  
Vested
   (177,812)    —  
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
   428,320    307,500 
Granted
   198,022    214,888 
Issuance
of dividend equivalents
   43,721    —  
Vested
   (216,520)    (97,500) 
Forfeited
   (1,802)    —  
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
   451,741    424,888 

During the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the Company granted the following restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were grantedand Performance RSU Awards to directors, executive officers and certain
non-executive
employees with a fair value of $2.0employees:
 
million.
   
Units Granted
   
Fair Value

(in thousands)
   
Weighted Average
Grant Fair Value
Per Share
 
   
RSUs
   
Performance
RSUs
 
2023
   198,022    214,888   $3,729   $9.03 
2022
   237,986    90,000    5,753    17.54 
2021
   169,500    120,000    2,808    9.70 
The awardsRSU Awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, 162,500 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) were granted to directors, executive officers and
non-executive
employees with a fair value of $1.8
million. The awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, 156,375 RSUs were granted to directors, executive officers and
non-executive
employees with a fair value of $1.9
million. The awards will vest in three equal, annual installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant.
For the year ended December 31, 2020,
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company recognized net compensation expense of $1.9
million, $1.7
million and $1.4
million respectively related to the RSUs.
A RSU award represents the right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock in the future, after the applicable vesting criteria, determined by the plan administrator, has been satisfied. The holder of an award of RSU has no rights as a stockholder until shares of common stock are issued in settlement of vested restricted
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stock units. The plan administrator may provide for a grant of dividend equivalent rights in connection with the
grant of RSU; provided, however, that if the restricted stock units do not vest solely upon satisfaction of continued employment or service, any payment in respect to the related dividend equivalent rights will be held by the Company and paid when, and only to the extent that, the related RSU vest.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, 97,500 Performance RSU Awards were granted to executive officers with a fair value of $1.3
million.date. The Performance RSU Awards will vest on the last day of the three-year measurement period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Forperiod.
During the yearyears ended December 31, 2020,2023, December 31, 2022 and
December 
31, 2021 the Company recognized net compensation expense of $0.4 million, related tofor the Performance RSU Awards. There was 0 compensation expense related t
o
 theRSUs and Performance RSU Awards for the year ended December 31, 2019.
13. Subsequent Events
On February 10, 2021, the Company sold the Cherry Creek property in Denver, Colorado for a sales price of $95.0
million.
Also in February 2021, the Midland Life Insurance loan balance of $83.5 million was repaid in full.
1
4
. Quarterly Financial Information (unaudited)
The following tables summarize certain selected quarterly financial data for 2020 and 2019as follows (in thousands, except per share data). Summation of the individual quarters of net income/(loss) per share may not equal annual totals due to rounding.thousands):
 
   
2020 Quarters
 
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Revenue
  $39,840   $
 
41,261   $39,617   $40,122 
Net income
   461    3,039    623    1,006 
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders
   (1,482)    1,031    (1,411)    (1,031) 
Net (loss)/income per share
   (0.03)    0.02    (0.03)    (0.02) 
  
   
2019 Quarters
 
   
Fourth
   
Third
   
Second
   
First
 
Revenue
  $39,060   $38,946   $41,171   $37,120 
Net income/(loss)
   2,988    (947)    1,321    (920) 
Net income/(loss) attributable to common stockholders
   987    (2,966)    (699)    (2,944) 
Net income/(loss) per share
   0.02    (0.07)    (0.02)    (0.07) 
   
RSUs
   
Performance
RSUs
   
Total
 
2023  $  2,542   $  1,552   $  4,094 
2022   2,554    1,325    3,879 
2021   1,833    808    2,641 
As of December 31, 2023, there was $4.7 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense, which will be recognized over the next two years, with a weighted average period of approximately one year.
 
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City Office REIT, Inc.
SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
December 31, 2020
2023
(In thousands)th
o
usands)
  
Intial Costs to Company
  
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
  
Gross Amount at Which

Carried as of December 31,

2020
(1)
  
Accumulated
Amortization
  
Year of
Construction
  
Year
Acquired
 
Description
 
Encumbrances
(2)
  
Land
  
Buildings and
Improvements
  
Improvements
  
Land
  
Building and
Improvements
  
Total
(3)
 
AmberGlen
 $20,000  $6,546  $3,490  $2,919  $6,546  $6,409  $12,955  $3,226   1984-1998   2009 
City Center
  22,492   3,123   10,656   10,321   3,123   20,977   24,100   8,397   1984   2010 
Central Fairwinds
  17,127   1,747   9,751   6,833   1,747   16,584   18,331   5,072   1982   2012 
Lake Vista Pointe
  17,375   4,115   20,600   196   4,115   20,796   24,911   6,128   2007   2014 
Florida Research Park
(4)
  44,999   11,446   56,475   3,518   11,446   59,993   71,439   11,562   1999   2014; 2016 
Superior Pointe
  —     3,153   19,834   1,971   3,153   21,805   24,958   4,372   2000   2015 
Denver Tech
(5)
  15,142   18,002   52,719   8,397   18,002   61,116   79,118   6,901   1999; 1997   2015; 2019 
190 Office Center
  40,236   7,162   39,690   1,609   7,162   41,299   48,461   6,357   2001   2015 
Intellicenter
  32,442   5,244   34,278   87   5,244   34,365   39,609   5,765   2008   2015 
Carillon Point
  15,585   5,172   17,316   227   5,172   17,543   22,715   4,040   2007   2016 
Park Tower
  —     3,479   68,656   16,138   3,479   84,794   88,273   13,348   1973   2016 
5090 N 40th St
  21,640   6,696   32,123   3,213   6,696   35,336   42,032   4,136   1988   2016 
SanTan
  33,444   6,803   37,187   4,999   6,803   42,186   48,989   7,314   2000-2003   2016 
2525 McKinnon
  27,000   10,629   34,515   2,396   10,629   36,911   47,540   3,949   2003   2017 
Mission City
  47,000   25,741   41,474   8,756   25,741   50,230   75,971   9,010   1990-2007   2017 
Sorrento Mesa
  —     34,305   36,726   4,143   34,305   40,869   75,174   6,287   1985-2001   2017 
Papago Tech
  —     10,746   19,762   775   10,746   20,537   31,283   3,193   1993-1995   2017 
Pima Center
  —     —     45,133   2,431   -       47,564   47,564   4,883   2006-2008   2018 
Circle Point
  39,650   9,320   39,101   2,995   9,320   42,096   51,416   4,934   2001   2018 
The Quad
  30,600   8,079   39,858   129   8,079   39,987   48,066   3,486   1982   2018 
Greenwood Blvd
  22,425   3,945   26,019   1,224   3,945   27,243   31,188   1,864   1997   2018 
Camelback Square
  —     11,738   37,922   5,842   11,738   43,764   55,502   2,754   1978   2018 
Canyon Park
  40,950   7,098   38,416   4,197   7,098   42,613   49,711   2,537   1993; 1999   2019 
Cascade Station
  21,952   —     27,220   283   —     27,503   27,503   1,705   2008-2009   2019 
Corporate
  125,000   —     —     —     —     —     —     —           
                                         
Total
 $635,059  $204,289  $788,921  $93,599  $204,289  $882,520  $1,086,809  $131,220         
                                         

     
Initial Costs to Company
  
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
  
Gross Amount at Which
 
Carried
 as of December 31,
 
2023
(1)
          
Description
 
Encumbrances
(2)
  
Land
  
Buildings and
Improvements
  
Improvements
(3)
  
Land
  
Building and
Improvements
  
Total
  
Accumulated
Amortization
  
Year of
Construction
  
Year
Acquired
 
AmberGlen
 $20,000  $6,546  $3,490  $2,166  $6,546  $5,656  $12,202  $3,086   1984-1998   2009 
City Center
  —    3,123   10,656   13,315   3,123   23,971   27,094   10,436   1984   2010 
Central Fairwinds
  15,826   1,747   9,751   7,780   1,747   17,531   19,278   6,769   1982   2012 
Florida Research Park
  41,999   11,446   56,475   7,425   11,446   63,900   75,346   17,382   1999   2014; 2016 
Superior Pointe
  —    3,153   19,834   3,876   3,153   23,710   26,863   7,067   2000   2015 
Denver Tech
  —    18,002   52,719   11,306   18,002   64,025   82,027   15,158   1999; 1997   2015; 2019 
Intellicenter
  30,682   5,244   34,278   164   5,244   34,442   39,686   8,472   2008   2015 
Carillon Point
  14,419   5,172   17,316   2,142   5,172   19,458   24,630   5,997   2007   2016 
Park Tower
  —    3,479   68,656   24,901   3,479   93,557   97,036   24,705   1973   2016 
5090 N 40
th
St
  20,370   6,696   32,123   4,669   6,696   36,792   43,488   7,827   1988   2016 
SanTan
  31,501   6,803   37,187   7,653   6,803   44,840   51,643   10,662   2000-2003   2016 
2525 McKinnon
  27,000   10,629   34,515   3,240   10,629   37,755   48,384   7,263   2003   2017 
Mission City
  45,994   25,741   41,474   12,722   25,741   54,196   79,937   16,547   1990-2007   2017 
Papago Tech
  —    10,746   19,762   2,028   10,746   21,790   32,536   5,259   1993-1995   2017 
Pima Center
  —    —    45,133   11,126   —    56,259   56,259   10,762   2006-2008   2018 
Circle Point
  38,789   9,320   39,101   6,784   9,320   45,885   55,205   10,280   2001   2018 
The Quad
  30,600   8,079   39,858   432   8,079   40,290   48,369   7,072   1982   2018 
Greenwood Blvd
  20,856   3,945   26,019   1,224   3,945   27,243   31,188   4,836   1997   2018 
Camelback Square
  —    11,738   37,922   8,503   11,738   46,425   58,163   8,050   1978   2018 
Canyon Park
  38,932   7,098   38,416   6,628   7,098   45,044   52,142   7,772   1993; 1999   2019 
Cascade Station
  20,752   —    27,220   (8,568)   —    18,652   18,652   757   2008-2009   2019 
Block 23
  —    —    115,747   8,737   —    124,484   124,484   5,885   2019   2021 
The Terraces
  —    15,861   101,455   6,901   15,861   108,356   124,217   5,237   2017   2021 
Bloc 83
  —    18,956   280,313   13,605   18,956   293,918   312,874   11,347   2019; 2021   2021 
Corporate
  275,000   —    —    —    —    —    —    —          
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
         
Total
 $672,720  $193,524  $1,189,420  $158,759  $193,524  $1,348,179  $1,541,703  $218,628         
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
         
 
(1)
The aggregate cost for federal tax purposes as of December 31, 20202023 of our real estate assets was approximately $1.1$1.0 billion.
(2)
Encumbrances excluderepresent total principal debt which excludes net deferred financing costs
 of $4.2
million and unamortized fair value adjustments of $0.5
 $3.3 million.
(3)
Properties identified as heldIncludes impairment recorded subsequent to acquisition for sale at December 31, 2020 are excluded.
(4)
Florida Research Park is comprised of FRP Ingenuity Drive
and FRP Collection.
(5)
Denver Tech is comprised of 7601 Tech
and 7595 Tech (formerly “DTC Crossroads”)
.
Cascade Station.
 
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Table of Contents
A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2020
,
2019
2023, 2022 and 2018 
2021 is as follows:
 
   
2020
  
2019
  
2018
 
Real Estate Properties
             
Balance, beginning of year
  $1,109,173  $1,005,647  $776,301 
Acquisitions
   —     113,134   225,476 
Dispositions
   (1,993)   (27,585)   (5,715) 
Capital improvements
   27,503   22,491   30,378 
Assets held for sale
   (47,874)   (4,514)   (20,793) 
              
Balance, end of year
  $1,086,809  $1,109,173  $1,005,647 
              
Accumulated Depreciation
             
Balance, beginning of year
  $101,835  $70,484  $48,234 
Depreciation
   38,372   35,531   29,196 
Dispositions
   (1,962)   (4,180)   (2,301) 
Depreciation on assets held for sale
   (7,025)   —     (4,645) 
              
Balance, end of year
  $131,220  $101,835  $70,484 
              
             
   
2023
  
2022
  
2021
 
Real Estate Properties
             
Balance, beginning of year
  $1,554,591  $1,568,653  $1,086,809 
Acquisitions
   —    —    587,403 
Dispositions and Impairments
   (39,333)   (58,735)   (121,602) 
Capital improvements
   26,445   44,673   16,043 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance, end of year
  $1,541,703  $1,554,591  $1,568,653 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Accumulated Depreciation
             
Balance, beginning of year
  $175,720  $157,356  $131,220 
Depreciation
   47,266   46,654   39,106 
Dispositions and Impairments
   (4,358)   (28,290)   (12,970) 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Balance, end of year
  $218,628  $175,720  $157,356 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
Number
  
Description
1.1  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.2  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.3  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.4  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.5  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and B. Riley FBR, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.6  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and D.A. Davidson & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
1.7  
Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February 26, 2020, by and among City Office REIT, Inc., City Office Operating Partnership, L.P. and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
3.1  
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company, as amended and supplemented (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on March 1, 2018).
3.2  
SecondThird Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, effective as of August 2, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.13.2 to the Company’s CurrentQuarterly Report on Form 8-K10-Q filed with the Commission on March 14, 2017)August 3, 2023).
4.1  
Certificate of Common Stock of City Office REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed with the Commission on February 18, 2014).
4.2  
Form of certificate representing the 6.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on September 30, 2016).
4.3  
Description of Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
10.1  
Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between City Office REIT, Inc. and its directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed with the Commission on March 25, 2014).*
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Exhibit
Number
  
Description
10.2  
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., dated as of April 21, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 23, 2014). 
10.3  
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., dated September 30, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 30, 2016).
10.4  
Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 14, 2017).
10.5  
Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 20, 2017).
10.6  
Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 26, 2020).
10.7  
Administrative Services Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2016, by and among City Office Management Ltd., Second City Capital II Corporation and Second City Real Estate II Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 5, 2016).
10.8  
First Amendment to the Administrative Services Agreement, dated October 29, 2018 and effective as of February 1, 2019, by and among City Office Management ULC, Second City Capital II Corporation and Second City Real Estate II Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on November 1, 2018).
10.9  
Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 23, 2014).*
10.10  
Amendment No. 1 to the City Officer REIT, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 6, 2019).*
10.11  
Amendment No. 2 to the City Office REIT, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan, dated February 24, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 16, 2022).*
10.12Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 9, 2016).*
10.1210.13  
Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 28, 2020).*
10.1310.14  
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2018, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and James Farrar (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 2, 2018).*
10.1410.15  
Amendment No. 1 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2019, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and James Farrar (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 1, 2019).*
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10.15
Exhibit
Number
  
Description
10.16Amendment No. 2 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2021, by and between City Office Management ULC and James Farrar (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 5, 2021).*
10.17Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2018, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and Gregory Tylee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 2, 2018).*
Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number
10.18  
Description
10.16
Amendment No. 1 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2019, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and Gregory Tylee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 1, 2019).*
10.1710.19  
Amendment No. 2 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2021, by and between City Office Management ULC and Gregory Tylee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 5, 2021).*
10.20Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2018, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and Anthony Maretic (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 2, 2018).*
10.1810.21  
Amendment No. 1 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2019, by and between City Office Management Ltd. and Anthony Maretic (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 1, 2019).*
10.1910.22  
Amendment No. 2 to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2021, by and between City Office Management ULC and Anthony Maretic (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 5, 2021).*
10.23Credit Agreement dated as of March 15, 2018 by and among City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., as borrower, City Office REIT, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, KeyBank National Association, as lender, agent and swing loan lender, the other lending institutions parties named therein, as lenders, and Keybanc Capital Markets, as sole lead arranger and sole book manager (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 21, 2018).
10.2010.24  
Administrative Services Agreement, dated July 31, 2019, by and among CIO Administrative Services, LLC, Clarity Real Estate III GP, Limited Partnership and Clarity Real Estate Ventures GP, Limited Partnership (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 1, 2019).
10.25Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 16, 2021 by and among City Office REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., as borrower, City Office REIT, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, KeyBank National Association, as lender, agent and swing loan lender, the other lending institutions parties named therein, as lenders, and Keybanc Capital Markets, as sole lead arranger and sole book manager (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 22, 2021).
10.26Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of August 16, 2023, by and among CIO Research Commons, LLC, CIO Technology Point I & II, LLC and CIO University Tech, LLC, each and collectively as borrower, and BankUnited, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 18, 2023).
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 Exhibit
Number
Description
10.27  Amended and Restated Renewal Promissory Note, dated as of August 16, 2023, by and among CIO Research Commons, LLC, CIO Technology Point I & II, LLC and CIO University Tech, LLC, each and collectively as borrower, and BankUnited, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 18, 2023).
21.1  
Subsidiaries of the Company †Company†
23.1  
Consent of KPMG LLP †LLP†
31.1  
Certification of Annual Report by Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 †2002†
31.2  
Certification of Annual Report by Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 †2002†
32.1  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 †2002†
32.2  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 2002†
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City Office REIT, Inc. Clawback Policy*†
101.INS  INSTANCE DOCUMENT**
101.SCH  SCHEMA DOCUMENT**
101.CAL  CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.LAB  LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.PRE  PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
101.DEF  DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT**
104  Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)*
†
Filed Herewith.herewith.
*
Compensatory Plan or arrangement
**
Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv)(v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v)(vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 16. FORM
10-K
SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
  CITY OFFICE REIT, INC.
Date: February 25, 202122, 2024  By: /s/ James Farrar
   James Farrar
   Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Name
  
Title
 
Date
/s/ James Farrar
James Farrar
  
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal
(Principal Executive Officer)
 February 25, 202122, 2024
/s/ Anthony Maretic
Anthony Maretic
  
Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (Principal
(Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)
 February 25, 202122, 2024
/s/ John Sweet
John Sweet
Independent Director, Chairman of
Board of Directors
February 22, 2024
/s/ Mark Murski
Mark Murski
Independent Director
February 22, 2024
/s/ Michael Mazan
Michael Mazan
Independent Director
February 22, 2024
/s/ John McLernon
John McLernon
  
Independent Director Chairman of Board of Directors
 February 25, 202122, 2024
/s/ Mark Murski
Mark Murski
Independent DirectorFebruary 25, 2021
/s/ William Flatt
William Flatt
Independent DirectorFebruary 25, 2021
/s/ John Sweet
John Sweet
Independent DirectorFebruary 25, 2021
/s/ Sabah Mirza
Sabah Mirza
  
Independent Director
 February 25, 202122, 2024
97