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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________

FORM 10-K

For the transition period from ____ to ___

Commission file number 1-4324
_________________

ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 631-719-1800
_________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

(Title of classclass)
________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was $3,762,362$1,743,180 based upon the closing price of $0.06$0.03 per share as quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board on June 30, 2017.29, 2020.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of March 14, 2018,23, 2021, was 64,914,935.68,104,957.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Andrea Electronics Corporation (“Andrea,” “us,” “we,” “our”) designs, develops and manufactures state-of-the-art digital microphone products and noise reduction software that facilitate natural language processing, human/machine interfaces. Our technologies eliminate unwanted background noise to enable the optimum performance of various speech-based and audio applications. We are incorporated under the laws of the State of New York and have been engaged in the electronic communications industry since 1934.

Andrea’s products and technologies optimize the performance of speech-based applications and audio applications primarily in the following markets:

Andrea Digital Signal Processing (“DSP”) Microphone and Audio Software Business– Our patented and patent-pending digital noise canceling technologies enable a speaker to be at a distance from the microphone (we refer to this capability as “far-field” microphone use) and free the speaker from having to use a close talking microphone. Our Digital Super Directional Array (“DSDA”) and PureAudio microphone products convert sound received by an array of microphones into digital signals that are then processed to cancel background noise from the signal to be transmitted. These two adaptive technologies represent the core technologies within our portfolio of far-field technologies. In addition to DSDA and PureAudio, Andrea has developed and commercialized several other digital, far-field noise canceling technologies, including, among others, Andrea EchoStop, a high-quality full duplex acoustic echo canceller which enables speaker phonespeakerphone functionality with technology for canceling speaker feedback.

All of our digital, far-field microphone technologies are software-based and operate using either a dedicated DSP or a general purpose processor (for example, the Intel Pentium). The software, which may encompass one or all of our far-field noise canceling technologies, can be applied to improve the performance of a single microphone or multiple microphones. In addition, our digital, far-field, noise canceling technologies can be tailored to be used individually or combined depending on particular customer requirements.

We are currently marketing our far-field technologies at Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”) that have new sophisticated artificial intelligence (“AI”) voice applications that require new digital microphone performance.performance for enhancing the safe use and efficiency of devices. Our far-field, digital noise canceling technologies and related products comprise our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software line of business. Net revenues from such technologies and products during the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 20162019 were approximately 14% and 18%, respectively,100% of our total revenues. We dedicate a significant amount of our marketing and research and development resources to this business segment, as we believe that voice interface products will increasingly require high performance, untethered (hands-free and headset-free)touchless microphone technology.

Patent Monetization, Intellectual Property and Licensing– Our products and technologies are developed in part using our proprietary intellectual property, and we believe that the strength of our intellectual property rights will be important to the success of our business. We utilize patent and trade secret protection, confidentiality agreements with customers and partners, disclosure and invention assignment agreements with employees and consultants and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary information. We plan to license specific, custom designs to our customers, charging royalties at a fixed amount per product or a percentage of sales. More generally, we intend to vigorously defend and monetize our intellectual property through licensing arrangements and, where necessary, enforcement actions against those entities using our patented solutions in their products. Royalties resulting from these patent monetization efforts can be structured in a variety of ways, including but not limited to one-time paid up licenses or on-going royalty arrangements. We expect to generate a portion of our revenues with these types of licensing arrangements. As part of our plan to aggressively pursue patent monetization, we entered into a Revenue Sharing and Note Purchase Agreement (the “Revenue Sharing Agreement”) with AND34 Funding LLC (“AND34”), and on December 24, 2014, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Revenue Sharing and Note Purchase Agreement (the “Revenue Sharing Agreement”) with AND34, which was retroactively effective as of February 14, 2014. Under the Revenue Sharing Agreement, the Company granted AND34 a perpetual predetermined share in the rights of the Company’s specified future revenues from currently owned patents by the Company in exchange for $3,500,000.patents. Under the terms of the Revenue Sharing Agreement, with AND34, Andrea issued and sold to AND34 Notes of $10,800,000 which were repaid as of December 31, 2016. On August 10,In 2016, Andrea2017 and AND342019, the parties executed and subsequently amended a Riderrider to the Revenue Sharing Agreement (“Rider”(the “Rider”) pursuant to which the parties agreed that Andrea would issue and sell to AND34 additional Notes up to an aggregate amount of $7,000,000, or such greater amount as AND34 may agree in its sole discretion, during the four-year period beginning on the date of execution of the Rider. In October 2017, Andrea and AND34 executed an amendment to the Rider to issue $500,000 of additional Notes. Under the Rider, as amended, Andrea has agreed to issue and sell to AND34 additional Notes up to an aggregatea specified amount of $7,500,000additional Notes (the “Additional Notes”), or such greater amount as AND34 may agree to in its sole discretion, duringdiscretion. The most recent rider executed in 2019 increased the four-year period beginning on the date of execution of the Rider.aggregate principal amount from $7,500,000 to $11,500,000. The Additional Notes will have a maturity date of August 31, 2020.2022. The proceeds of the notesAdditional Notes will be used to pay certain expenses related to the Revenue Sharing Agreement and expenses of the Company incurred in pursuing patent monetization expenses.monetization. As of December 31, 2017,2020, there was $1,184,422$2,093,967 in Additional Notes and PIK interest outstanding. Total revenues from this segment during the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016 was approximately 86% and 82%, respectively,2019 were minimal, representing less than 1% of our total revenues.

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For more financial information regarding our operating segments, see Note 1314 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Industry Background

Our primary mission is to provide the emerging “voice interface” markets with state-of-the-art digital microphone solutions. The idea underlying these markets is thatAI natural language spoken byprocessing of the human voice will become an important means by which to communicate and control many types of computing devices and other appliances and equipment that contain microprocessors.microprocessors and cloud services. We are designing and marketing our products and technologies so they can be used for “natural language, human/machine” interfaces including:

End users of these applications and interfaces will require high quality microphone and speakerphone products that enhance voice transmission, particularly in noisy officeoutdoor and mobilepublic environments. We also believe that these applications will increasingly require microphones that are located at a distance from the person speaking, or far-field microphone technology. WeDue to changing marketing conditions as a result of COVID 19, we believe that there will be significant growth in this touchless technology marketplace during the next several years.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to:

An important element of our strategy for expanding theour industrial and commercial channels of distribution and broadening the base of users for our products is our collaborative arrangements with manufacturers of computing and communications equipment and software publishers that are actively engaged in the various markets in which our products have application. In addition, we have been increasing our own direct business to business marketing efforts to original equipment manufacturers for incorporation into, or for use with, their products.

The success of our strategy will depend on our ability to, among other things:

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Our Technologies

We design our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software to transmit voice signals with the high level of quality, intelligibility and reliability required by the broad range of voice-based applications in computing and telecommunications.cloud computing. We achieve this through the use of several audio technologies that employ software processes that are proprietary to us. Software processes of this type are commonly referred to as algorithms.

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Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Technology

This set of technologies is generally based on the use of an array of microphones from which the analog signals are converted to digital form and then processed using digital electronic circuitry and software to eliminate unwanted noise in the speaker’s environment. Our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products provide clear acoustic and audio input performance where the desired audio signal is at a distance from the microphone. Our technology is portable and can be embedded into new platforms such as micro DSP’s, mobile OS and wireless chipsets. We believe that our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software technology achieve far-field microphone performance previously unattainable through microphones based on mechanical acoustic designs and microphones based on analog signal processing.

Our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products include the use of the following technologies, among other technologies and techniques:

Digital Super Directional Array (“DSDA”^®). Andrea’s patented DSDA adaptive beam forming system enables more intelligible audio by forming a beam toward the speaker and eliminating background noises that are outside of the beam. DSDA microphone technology enables high quality far-field communications by centering microphone sensitivity on a user’s voice and canceling noise outside of that signal. DSDA continuously samples the ever changing acoustic parameters within an environment and adaptively identifies interfering noises that are extraneous to the voice signal, resulting in increased intelligibility of the array microphone’s output.

PureAudio^®. Andrea’s patented PureAudio and award winning noise reduction speech enhancement algorithm significantly improves intelligibility of voice audio and accuracy in speech driven applications used in noisy environments. PureAudio is a noise canceling algorithm that enhances speech by sampling the ambient noise in an environment and attenuating the noise from sources near or around the desired speech signals, thus delivering a clear audio signal. Designed specifically to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, PureAudio is effective in canceling stationary noises such as computer and ventilation fans, tires and engines.

EchoStop^®.Andrea’s patented full duplex acoustic echo cancellation algorithm enables both loudspeakers to broadcast and microphones to transmit simultaneously providing a high quality speakerphone function. EchoStop is an advanced acoustic echo canceller (stereo version available) developed for use with conferencing systems such as group audio and videoconferencing systems and cellular car phone kits. EchoStop allows true two-way communication (often referred to as full duplex) over a conferencing system, even when the system is used in large spatial environments that may be vulnerable to extensive reverberation. EchoStop incorporates noise reduction to reduce the background noise of both the microphone input and the loudspeaker output, thus preventing the accumulation of interfering noise over conferencing systems that facilitate communication among multiple sites.

Direction Finding and Tracking Array (“DFTA”^®). Andrea’s patented DFTA technology utilizes an array of microphones and a unique algorithm to detect the presence of a user’s voice, determine the direction of the voice and follow and track it when it moves. In a videoconferencing setting, this unique technology can provide direction to a videoconferencing camera and allow the system to steer and concentrate on the speaker, thus providing a “video-follow-audio” capability.

Our Products and their Markets and Applications

Our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products have been designed for applications that are controlled by or depend on speech across a broad range of hardware and software platforms. These products incorporate our DSP microphone technologies and are designed to cancel background noise in a range of noisy environments, such as homes, offices, factories and automobiles. We also manufacture a line of accessories for these products. For commercial markets, we have designed our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products for the following applications:

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Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Noise Reduction Software Products

We develop our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Noise Reduction Software Products primarily through customer-specific integration efforts, and we either license our related algorithms, sell a product incorporating our related algorithms, or both. In addition, we have developed stand-alone products for specific customers who then sell such products to end users.industrial and commercial OEM customers. As a result, such products are not available from us directly. However,generally sold to consumers. Therefore, as part of our strategy to increase sales to prospective customers desiring high-quality microphone performance for certain customer-specific environments, we have developed the following products that may be purchased directly from Andrea:products:

DA-350 Auto Array Microphone (“DA-350”).The DA-350 is a linear four element array microphone with Digital Signal Processing (“DSP”) circuitry contained within a single microphone housing. The product also has integrated adaptive beam forming and noise reduction digital filtering software. A model with Acoustic Echo Cancellation is also available. The DA-350 is ideal for achieving superior far-field voice intelligibility and accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition (“ASR”) in high noiseautomotive and mass transit environments.

DA-250 OEM Array Microphone (“DA-250”).The DA-250 is a small compact Stereo Array Microphone and DSP circuit board platform that can easily be integrated into many different OEM devices that would greatly benefit from directional noise canceling microphone performance, but in the past has been unattainable with an embedded microphone configuration. Requiring only two tiny holes in the faceplate of a device, the DA-250 Stereo Array Microphone can deliver directional microphone sensitivity without the need for acoustic baffling, as found in large parabolic waveguides or long shotgun tube type microphones. This product also includes full duplex echo cancellation for speakerphone functionality.

USB-SA Array Microphone. The USB-SA Array Microphone provides a USB digital audio adapter to bypass a computer’s standard integrated sound system, providing a high fidelity/low noise digital audio platform that is isolated from the computer’s motherboard. This external digital audio system utilizes the computer’s central processor to run Andrea’s AudioCommander™ adaptive beam forming directional microphone and noise reduction software.

PureAudio™ VST3 Plug-in (“PureAudio”)Andrea AudioCommander™. A Noise Reduction & Center Channel Focus VST3 Plug-in for Audio/Video Editing Post-Processing. PureAudio’s Adaptive Digital Noise Reduction Filter reduces up to -40dB of repetitive noises, while supporting wide frequency bandwidth sample rates of up to 48Khz. The variable control allows the user to select the level of noise cancellation for the desired amount to be applied to the embedded noisy segment. Center Channel Focus is a new feature for the broadcast industry. This is an adaptive audio algorithm that cancels the stereo ambient sound mixed into the broadcast main audio stream. This feature focuses and highlights the center channel voice audio for better intelligibility and listening to the speech content of the recording. The software functions are perfect for editing mobile journalism interviews that take place in real world noisy environments.

Andrea AudioCommander™.Andrea’s PC Audio Control Panel, AudioCommander, includes a speaker volume adjustment with received PureAudio noise reduction control and a 10-band graphic equalizer with 18 built-in presets to customize sound for a user’s listening preference. It also includes a microphone volume adjustment with noise reduction, beam forming, and acoustic echo cancellation controls. The software also includes an audio wizard that sets microphone levels to optimize PC audio for speech-enabled applications including speech recognition, internet telephony and command and speech control functions.

Andrea Audio Software for Mac.Andrea Audio Software for Mac provides an intuitive graphic user interface to control stereo array microphone beam forming, noise cancellation on the input and EQ filters for the output of Andrea’s USB-SA audio devices running on the Apple Mac OS.

Andrea PureAudio Live Recorder. PureAudio™ Live Recorder is a full function digital voice and audio recording application for use with Apple™iOS devices. The PureAudio™ Live Recorder is enhanced with Andrea's patented digital noise reduction microphone technology. PureAudio™ digitally reduces background noise, while enhancing the recorded sound quality and intelligibility when making recordings in real-world noisy mobile environments.

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Andrea PureAudio ProPlus Recorder. In addition to the features offered in PureAudio Live Recorder, PureAudio ProPlus Recorder offers unlimited bookmarks for easy navigation of large recordings, 10-band graphic equalizer to customize your listening experience,aggressive PureAudio for recording in noisy environments, stereo recording for capturing surround sound recordings and beam forming noise cancellation to reduce sounds coming from the sides. PureAudio ProPlus Recorder is an easy to use, intuitive stereo recorder for capturing music and offers background noise reduction for crystal clear recordings of voice notes, lectures and interviews with almost unlimited recording time.

Our Collaborative Arrangements

An important element of our strategy is to promote widespread adoption of our products and technologies by collaborating with large enterprises and market and technology leaders in security systems and services, industrial system integrators, voice activated services, communications and computer manufacturing, and software publishing.manufacturing. In addition to the arrangements we are involved in, we are currently discussing additional arrangements with other companies, but we cannot assure you that any of these discussions will result in any definitive agreements.

Patents, Trademarks, and Other Intellectual Property Rights

Our products and technologies are developed in part using our proprietary intellectual property, and we believe that the strength of our intellectual property rights will be important to the success of our business. We utilize patent and trade secret protection, confidentiality agreements with customers and partners, disclosure and invention assignment agreements with employees and consultants and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary information. We plan to license specific, custom designs to our customers, charging royalties at a fixed amount per product or a percentage of sales. More generally, we intend to vigorously defend and monetize our intellectual property through licensing arrangements and, where necessary, enforcement actions against those entities using our patented solutions in their products. Royalties resulting from these patent monetization efforts can be structured in a variety of ways, including but not limited to one-time paid up licenses or on-going royalty arrangements. We expect to generate a portion of our revenues with these types of licensing arrangements.

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Andrea maintains a number of patents in the United States covering claims to certain of its products and technology, which expire at various dates ranging from 2019up to 2033.2029. We also have other patent applications currently pending; however, we cannot assure you that patents will be issued with respect to these currently pending or future applications which we may file, nor can we assure you that the strength or scope of our existing patents, or any new patents, will be of sufficient scope or strength or provide meaningful protection or commercial advantage to us.

Research and Development

We consider our technology to be of substantial importance to our competitiveness. To maintain this competitiveness, we have organized our research and development efforts using a “market and applications” approach for meeting the requirements of new and existing customers. Consistent with this approach, our engineering staff interacts closely with our sales and marketing personnel and directly with customers. The engineering staff is responsible for the research and development of new products and the improvement and support of existing products. For the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, total research and development expenses were $813,051$573,980 and $773,299,$568,799, respectively. For fiscal 2018,2021, we currently expect research and development expenses to remain at approximately the same level when compared to 2017.2020. However, no assurance can be given that our research and development efforts will succeed. See Part II “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-K.

Sales and Marketing

We employ a sales staff as well as outside sales representatives and sales organizations to market our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products. Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products are marketed to computer OEMs, distributors of personal computers and communications equipment, software publishers,kiosk OEMs and industrial system integrators. Under our existing collaborative agreements, our collaborators have various marketing and sales rights to our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software. We are seeking to enter into additional collaborative arrangements for the marketing and sale of our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products, but we cannot assure you that we will be successful in these efforts. Market acceptance of the Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products and achievement of patent monetization is critical to our success.

Production Operations

In 20172020 and 2016,2019, all of our assembly operations were performed with subcontractors in Asiathe United States or in the United States.Asia. Most of the components for the Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products are available from several sources and are not characteristically in short supply. However, certain specialized components, such as microphones and DSP boards, are available from a limited number of suppliers and subject to long lead times. To date, we have been able to obtain sufficient supplies of these more specialized components, but we cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to do so. Shortages of, or interruptions in, the supply of these more specialized components could have a material adverse effect on our sales of Andrea DSP Microphone Products.

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Competition

The markets for our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products are highly competitive. Competition in these markets is based on varying combinations of product features, quality and reliability of performance, price, sales, marketing and technical support, ease of use, compatibility with evolving industry standards and other systems and equipment, name recognition, and development of new products and enhancements. Most of our current and potential competitors in these markets have significantly greater financial, marketing, technical, and other resources than us. Consequently, these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or to devote greater resources to the development, marketing, and sale of their products than we can.

We believe that our ability to compete successfully will depend upon our ability to develop and maintain advanced technology, develop proprietary products, attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent or other proprietary protection for our products and technologies and manufacture, assemble and market products, either alone or through third parties, in a profitable manner.

Employees

At December 31, 2017,2020, we had nine employees, of whom one was engaged in production and related operations, three were engaged in research and development, and five were engaged in management, administration, sales and customer support duties. None of our employees are unionized or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that we generally enjoy good relations with our employees. In addition to our regular employees, we utilize nineeight independent consultants (three(two are sales representatives, one istwo are engaged for administration purposes and fivefour are engaged in research and development activities).

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Available Information

We file reports, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on From 8-K and amendments to those reports, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains such reports, proxy, and information statements and other information regarding issuers at http://www.sec.gov. Our website is not part of this annual report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Andrea is a party to the Revenue Sharing Agreement under which a perpetual predetermined share of its Monetization Revenues will be allocated to AND34 and under which a default could cause a material adverse effect on its financial position.

Under the Revenue Sharing Agreement that we entered into with AND34, Monetization Revenues will first be applied 100% to the payment of accrued and unpaid interest on, and then will be allocated to AND34 and the Company in accordance with certain predetermined percentages. During each of the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016, $5,700,000 and $3,600,000, respectively,2019, $200,000 of notes payable were issued to AND34. At December 31, 2017,2020, there was $1,189,964$2,093,967 of accrued and unpaid interest and related outstanding principal notes issued to AND34. The Revenue Sharing Agreement contains many stipulations between the parties regarding the handling of various matters related to the monetization of our patents. Following an Event of Default, under the Revenue Sharing Agreement and the Rider, AND34 may proceed to protect and enforce theirits rights by suit or other appropriate proceeding, either for specific performance or in aid of the exercise of any power granted under the Revenue Sharing Agreement, the Rider or ancillary documents including the notes.

Andrea is limited in its ability to get traditional funding.

The terms of the Revenue Sharing Agreement historically expressly prohibitprohibited the Company from incurring any other indebtedness in connection with the patents covered by the Revenue Sharing Agreement and collateral outside of the patents covered by the Revenue Sharing Agreement, prior to June 30, 2019, barring certain exceptions. One such exception is that the Company may incur indebtedness not secured by the Revenue Sharing Agreement patents if both (i) the new holder of such indebtedness acknowledges in writing the rights of the purchasersSuch restrictions contained in the Revenue Sharing Agreement terminated on June 30, 2020 and (ii)no longer prohibit the purchasers in the Revenue Sharing Agreement must be granted a right of first refusal to provide suchCompany from incurring additional indebtedness. Further,However, in order to incur third party indebtedness, the Company would need to offer some form of collateral and currently much of the Company’s intellectual property is serving as collateral in connection with the Revenue Sharing Agreement. In addition, the conversion price adjustment provisions of the Company’s Series C and Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, and the current low quotation price of the Company’s common stock on the OTCQB limit our ability to get traditional funding.

Our operating results are subject to significant fluctuation; period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not necessarily be meaningful and you should not rely on them as indications of our future performance.

Our results of operations have historically been and are subject to continued substantial annual and quarterly fluctuations. The causes of these fluctuations include, among other things:

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We cannot assure you that the level of revenues and gross profit, if any, that we achieve in any particular fiscal period will not be significantly lower than in other fiscal periods. Our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 20162019 were approximately $6.9 million$1,355,000 and $3.6 million,$1,895,000, respectively. Net loss for the year ended December 31, 20172020 was approximately $1.2 million,$824,000, or $0.02$0.01 net loss per share on a basic and diluted basis, versus net loss of approximately $1.3 million,$549,000, or $0.02$0.01 net loss per share on a basic and diluted basis, for the year ended December 31, 2016.2019. We continue to explore opportunities to grow sales in other business areas and vigorously defend and monetize our intellectual property.

Shares Eligible For Future Sale May Have An Adverse Effect On Market Price;eligible for future sale may have an adverse effect on market price; Andrea Shareholders May Experience Substantial Dilution.shareholders may experience substantial dilution.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could have the effect of depressing the prevailing market price of our common stock. Of the 200,000,000 shares of common stock presently authorized, 64,914,93568,104,957 were outstanding as of March 14, 2018.23, 2021. The number of shares outstanding does not include an aggregate of 20,316,33520,454,812 shares of common stock that are issuable. This number of issuable common shares is equal to approximately 31%30% of the 64,914,93568,104,957 outstanding shares. These issuable common shares are comprised of: a) 15,163,0016,301,500 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding awards granted under our 2006 Stock Plan; b) 1,524,75810,000,000 shares reserved for future grants under our 2019 Plan; c) 524,736 shares of common stock that are issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock;Stock and c)related accrued dividends; and d) 3,628,576 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock.

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Conversions of our Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock may result in substantial dilution to other holders of our common stock.

As of March 14, 2018,23, 2021, we had 33.32689911.469249 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 907,144 shares of Series D Preferred Stock outstanding. The issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock is limited to that amount which, after giving effect to the conversion, would cause the holder not to beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or, together with other shares beneficially owned during the 60 day60-day period prior to such conversion, not to beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of common stock. The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock also is limited to that amount which, after giving effect to the conversion, would cause the holder not to beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, except that each holder has a right to terminate such limitation upon 61 daysdays’ notice to us. Beneficial ownership for purposes of calculation of such percentage limitations does not include shares whose acquisition is subject to similar limitations. If all shares of the Series C and Series D Preferred Stock, which are outstanding to be issued, are assumed to be converted into or exercised for shares of common stock, the number of new shares of common stock required to be issued as a result would aggregate 5,153,3344,153,312 shares, which is equal to approximately 8%6% of the 64,914,93568,104,957 outstanding shares.

If we conduct offerings in the future, the price at which we offer our securities may trigger a price protection provision for our Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock.

The shares of Series C and Series D Preferred Stock are subject to antidilution provisions, which are triggered in the event of certain stock splits, recapitalizations, or other dilutive transactions. In addition, issuances of common stock at a price below the conversion price then in effect (currently $0.2551 and $0.25 for the Series C and Series D, respectively), or the issuance of warrants, options, rights, or convertible securities which have an exercise price or conversion price less than that conversion price, other than for certain previously outstanding securities and certain “excluded securities” (as defined in the certificate of amendment), require the adjustment of the conversion price to that lower price at which shares of common stock have been issued or may be acquired. In the event that Andrea issues securities in the future which have a conversion price or exercise price which varies with the market price and the terms of such variable price are more favorable than the conversion price in the Series C or Series D Preferred Stock, the purchasers may elect to substitute the more favorable variable price when making conversions of the Series C or Series D Preferred Stock. This would make it more likely that the Series C and Series D Preferred Stock would be converted into common stock, resulting in dilution to our other holders of common stock as outlined in the risk factor above.

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Short sales of our common stock may be attracted by or accompany conversions of Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock, which sales may cause downward pressure upon the price of our common stock.

Short sales of our common stock may be attracted by or accompany the sale of converted common stock, which in the aggregate could cause downward pressure upon the price of the common stock, regardless of our operating results, thereby attracting additional short sales of the common stock.

If we fail to commercialize and fully market our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products, our total revenues may not increase at a high enough rate to improve our results of operations or may not increase at all.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition depend on the successful commercialization of our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products and technologies. We introduced our first Andrea DSP Microphone products in 1998 and we continued to introduce complementary products and technologies over the last several years. We primarily target the computer market, the audio and video conferencing markets and the market for in-vehicle computing, among others. The success of these products is subject to the risks frequently encountered by companies in an early stage of product commercialization, particularly companies in the computing and communications industries.

If we are unable to obtain market acceptance of Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products and technologies, or if market acceptance of these products and technologies occurs at a slow rate, then our business, results of operations and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

We, and our competitors, are focused on developing and commercializing products and technologies that enhance the use of voice, particularly in noisy environments, for a broad range of computer and communications applications. These products and technologies have been rapidly evolving and the number of our competitors has grown, but the markets for these products and technologies are subject to a high level of uncertainty and have been developing slowly. We, alone or together with our industry, may be unsuccessful in obtaining market acceptance of these products and technologies.

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If we fail to develop and successfully introduce new products and technologies in response to competition and evolving technology, we may not be able to attract new customers or retain current customers.

The markets in which we sell our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products are highly competitive. We may not compete successfully with any of our competitors. Most of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, research and development, marketing, technical support and other resources than we do. Consequently, these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or devote greater resources to the development, marketing, and sale of their products than we can. The introduction of products incorporating new technologies could render our products obsolete and unmarketable and could exert price pressures on existing products.

We are currently engaged in the development of digital signal processing products and technologies for the voice, speech and natural language interface markets. We may not succeed in developing these new digital signal processing products and technologies, and any of these new digital signal processing products or technologies may not gain market acceptance.

Further, the markets for our products and technologies are characterized by evolving industry and government standards and specifications that may require us to devote substantial time and expense to adapt our products and technologies. For example, certain of our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products are subject to the Federal Communications Commission requirements. We may not successfully anticipate and adapt our products and technologies in a cost effective and timely manner to changes in technology and industry standards or to introductions of new products and technologies by others that render our then existing products and technologies obsolete.

If our marketing collaborators do not effectively market their products that include or incorporate our products, our sales growth will be adversely affected.

We have entered into collaborative and distribution arrangements with software publishers and computer hardware manufacturers relating to the marketing and sale of Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software products through inclusion or incorporation with the products of our collaborators. Our success is dependent to a substantial degree on the efforts of these collaborators to market their products that include or incorporate our products. Our collaborators may not successfully market these products. In addition, our collaborators generally are not contractually obligated to any minimum level of sales of our products or technologies, and we have no control over their marketing efforts. Furthermore, our collaborators may develop their own microphone products and technologies that may replace our products or technologies or to which they may give higher priority.

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Shortages of, or interruptions in, the supply of more specialized components for our products could have a material adverse effect on our sales of these products.

The majority of our assembly operations are fulfilled by subcontractors (primarily in the Far East)Asia) using purchased components. Some specialized components for the Andrea DSP Microphone products, such as microphones and digital signal processing boards, are available from a limited number of suppliers (and in some cases foreign) and subject to long lead times. We may not be able to continue to obtain sufficient supplies of these more specialized components, particularly if the sales of our products increase substantially or market demand for these components otherwise increases. If our subcontractors fail to meet our production and shipment schedules, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.

The Company depends on component and product manufacturing and logistical services provided by third parties, many of whom are located outside of the United States.

Substantially all of the Company’s components and products are manufactured in whole or in part by a few third-party manufacturers. Many of these manufacturers are located outside of the United States. The Company has also outsourced much of its transportation and logistics management. While these arrangements may lower operating costs, they also reduce the Company’s direct control over production and distribution. It is uncertain what effect such diminished control will have on the quality or quantity of products or the Company’s flexibility to respond to changing conditions. If manufacturing or logistics in these locations is disrupted for any reason, including but not limited to, natural disasters, information technology system failures, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, or political issues, the Company’s consolidated financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to compete may be limited by our failure to adequately protect our intellectual property or by patents granted to third parties.

We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, and nondisclosure agreements with our employees, independent contractors, licensees and potential licensees, limited access to and dissemination of our proprietary information, and other measures to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. However, the steps that we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent its misappropriation or circumvention. In addition, numerous patents have been granted to other parties in the fields of noise cancellation, noise reduction, computer voice recognition, digital signal processing and related subject matter. We expect that products in these fields will increasingly be subject to claims under these patents as the numbers of products and competitors in these fields grow and the functionality of products overlap. Claims of this type could have an adverse effect on our ability to manufacture and market our products or to develop new products and technologies, because the parties holding these patents may refuse to grant licenses or only grant licenses with onerous royalty requirements. Moreover, the laws of other countries do not protect our proprietary rights to our technologies to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

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Our business may be adversely affected by the recent coronavirus outbreak.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. In January 2020, COVID-19 spread to other countries, including the United States, and efforts to contain the spread of this coronavirus intensified. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, “shelter in place” orders and other public health measures were implemented across much of the United States, including the Long Island area, which was considered an epicenter of the outbreak and is where the Company is located. Due to “shelter in place” orders and other public health guidance measures, the Company had implemented a work-from-home policy for all staff members. The Company’s increased reliance on personnel working from home may negatively impact productivity, or disrupt, delay or otherwise adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation. Although the Company has not yet had any customers cancel any open orders, some customers have delayed shipments of products into future months, causing our 2020 product revenues through December 31, 2020 to be approximately $400,000 less than the same period in 2019.

The COVID-19 global pandemic continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which the outbreak may affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, such as the duration, spread and severity of the outbreak, travel restrictions and actions to contain the outbreak or treat its impact, such as social distancing and quarantines or lock-downs in the United States and elsewhere, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and elsewhere to contain and treat the disease, including the speed of the ongoing vaccine distribution effort. Future developments in these and other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business may be adversely affected if there is a default on the Payment Protection Program (“PPP”) Loans and/or the SBA Loan.

The Company entered into two PPP loans with HSBC Bank USA, N.A. in an aggregate principal amount of $285,552, pursuant to a program which was established under the CARES Act, whereby the Company received $142,775 in its first draw in May 2020 (the “PPP Loan First Draw”) and $142,777 in its second draw in February 2021 (the “PPP Loan Second Draw” and together with the PPP Loan First Draw, the “PPP Loans”). Under the terms of the CARES Act, recipients can apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of loans granted under the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of loan proceeds for certain permissible purposes as set forth in the PPP, including, but not limited to, payroll costs (as defined under the PPP) and mortgage interest, rent or utility costs and the maintenance of employee and compensation levels. On January 18, 2021, the PPP Loan First Draw was forgiven, barring an initial $8,000 advance. No assurance is provided that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the remaining amount of the PPP Loan First Draw or any of the PPP Loan Second Draw; therefore, the Company may be liable for paying the outstanding balances of the PPP Loans back.

The PPP Loans contain customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults or breach of representations and warranties. If the PPP Loans are not forgiven, the Company may default on the PPP Loans and trigger the immediate repayment of all amounts outstanding and/or the Lender filing suit and obtaining judgment against the Company.

Additionally, the Company entered into the SBA Loan pursuant to which the Company received loan proceeds of $150,000. The SBA Loan was made under, and is subject to the terms and conditions of, the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program, which was a program expanded for COVID-19 relief under the CARES Act and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration. The term of the SBA Loan is thirty (30) years with a maturity date of July 13, 2050 and the annual interest rate of the SBA Loan is a fixed rate of 3.75%. Under the terms of the CARES Act, the use of loan proceeds for the SBA Loan is limited to alleviating economic injury caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company intends to use the proceeds of the SBA Loan for such purpose.

While the SBA Loan does not allow for forgiveness like the PPP Loans, there are similar risks of default for the SBA Loan.

An unfavorable ruling in any current litigation proceeding or future proceeding may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

From time to time, we are subject to litigation incidental to our business. For example, we are subject to the risk of adverse claims, interference proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, oppositions to patent applications outside the United States, and litigation alleging infringement of the proprietary rights of others. Litigation to establish the validity of patents, to assert infringement claims against others, and to defend against patent infringement claims can be expensive and time-consuming, even if the outcome is in our favor.

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For example, as discussed in Part II “Item 3 – Legal Proceedings” of this Form 10-K, we are currently involved in appealing an unfavorable ruling by the ITC in our patent infringement claims against Apple Inc. In line with our business strategy, we have dedicated significant resources to vigorously prosecuting these patent infringement claims, and not succeeding on these claims could be detrimental to our Company.

Changes in economic and political conditions outside the United States could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We generate revenues from regions outside the United States. For the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, total revenues from sales to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately 91%23% and 52%25%, respectively, of our total revenues. International sales and operations are subject to a number of risks, including:

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To date, we have invoiced our international revenues in U.S. dollars and have not engaged in any foreign exchange or hedging transactions. We may not be able to continue to invoice all of our revenues in U.S. dollars in order to avoid engaging in foreign exchange or hedging transactions. If we are required to invoice any material amount of international revenues in non-U.S. currencies, fluctuations in the value of non-U.S. currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition or require us to incur hedging costs to counter such fluctuations.

If we are unable to attract and retain the necessary managerial, technical and other personnel necessary for our business, then our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed.

Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our executive officers and key employees. The loss of the services of any of these executive officers or key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified managers and technical personnel. Competition for qualified personnel is intense and we may not be able to attract, assimilatemotivate or retain qualified personnel in the future.

We have significantly less financial resources than most of our competitors which limits our ability to implement new products or enhancements to our current products and may require us to implement future restructuring plans, which could adversely affect our future sales and financial condition.

Financial resource constraints could limit our ability to execute our product strategy or require us to implement restructuring plans, particularly if we are unable to generate cash from operations or obtain additional sources of financing. Any future restructuring actions may slow our development of new or enhanced products by limiting our research and development and engineering activities. Our cash balances are also lower than those of our competitors, which may limit our ability to develop competitive new products on a timely basis. If we are unable to successfully introduce new or enhanced products, our sales and financial condition will be adversely affected.

A significant amount of our business involves licensing our proprietary software, a strategy that increases business risk and volatility.

We have licensed certain of our proprietary software to third parties and may seek to enter into additional license arrangements in the future. We cannot assure you, however, that others will be interested in licensing our software on commercially favorable terms or at all. We also cannot ensure that licensees will honor agreed-upon market restrictions, not infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property or maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary information.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Andrea has a lease for its corporate headquarters, which is located at 620 Johnson Avenue, Suite 1B, Bohemia, New York. The lease, which currently expires in October 2020,November 2025, is for approximately 3,000 square feet of space used for research and development, sales and executive offices. We believe that we maintain our machinery, equipment and tooling in good operating condition and that these assets are adequate for our current business and are adequately insured. See Notes 5 and 1112 of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for further information concerning our property and equipment and leased facilities.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In December 2010, Audrey Edwards, Executrix of the Estate of Leon Leroy Edwards, filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of Providence County, Rhode Island, against 3M Company and over 90 other defendants, including the Company, alleging that the Company processed, manufactured, designed, tested, packaged, distributed, marketed or sold asbestos containing products that contributed to the death of Leon Leroy Edwards. The Company received service of process in April 2011. The Company has retained legal counsel and has filed a response to the compliant. The Company believes the lawsuit is without merit and has filed a Motion for Summary Judgment to that affect. Accordingly, the Company does not believe the lawsuit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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In September 2016, the Company filed a Complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”), alleging patent infringement against Apple Inc. (“Apple”) and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (together, “Samsung”), and requesting injunctive relief. An ITC investigation was instituted on October 19, 2016. Apple and Samsung answered the Company’s Complaint on November 21, 2016. Andrea and Samsung settled all of their current disputes on August 16, 2017 by entering into a Settlement Agreement and a Patent License Agreement. Andrea and Samsung moved to terminate the investigation with respect to Samsung based on these agreements on August 17, 2017, and the presiding ITC Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) granted the motion on August 22, 2017. The ITC affirmed the ALJ’s ruling on September 13, 2017, terminating Samsung from the investigation. The evidentiary hearing was held between Andrea and Apple on August 21-24, 2017, before the ALJ. The ALJ issued her initial determination on October 26, 2017. The ALJ ruled that (1) Andrea does not have standing to pursue the investigation as the sole complainant, (2) Apple does not literally infringe Andrea’s asserted patent, (3) the asserted patent is valid and enforceable, and (4) Andrea does not have a domestic industry pursuant to ITC law. The ALJ also recommended that, if Andrea does ultimately prove a violation of the relevant statute by Apple, the ITC should issue Andrea’s requested remedies of a limited exclusion order and cease and desist order against Apple, but delay their implementation by 3 months to one year. Andrea notified the ITC that it appeals the ALJ’s unfavorable rulings on standing, non-infringement, domestic industry, and delayed implementation of the requested remedies on November 8, 2017. Also on November 8, 2017, Apple contingently appealed the ALJ’s ruling on the validity of the asserted patent. On January 11, 2018, the ITC notified the parties that it intends to review the ALJ’s initial determination with respect to (1) standing, (2) infringement, (3) invalidity, (4) inequitable conduct, and (5) domestic industry. On January 11, 2018, the ITC also requested additional factual and legal arguments regarding Andrea’s standing. The ITC’s final decision was issued on March 22, 2018. The ITC overturned the ALJ’s finding on standing, and held that Andrea has standing as the sole complainant. The ITC affirmed the ALJ’s finding that Andrea does not have a domestic industry because it does not meet the “technical prong” of domestic industry. The ITC took no position on the other issues under review – infringement, validity, inequitable conduct, and the “economic prong” of domestic industry.

Also in September 2016, the Company filed complaintscomplaint with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, alleging patent infringement against Apple and Samsung,Inc. (“Apple”) and requesting monetary and injunctive relief. Andrea also dismissed itsrelief (the “New York Litigation”). The New York Litigation was stayed pending final disposition of a parallel case against Samsung on September 13, 2017 based onthat the aforementioned Settlement Agreement and a Patent License Agreement. The caseCompany filed against Apple remains stayed pendingwith the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”). The ITC’s final outcomedecision finding that Apple did not violate the ITC’s statute was issued on March 22, 2018. Apple informed the New York judge of this final decision on May 30, 2018. The ITC’s final decision does not affect Andrea’s right to continue prosecuting the Company’s litigation at the ITC against Apple.New York litigation.

In January 2017, Apple filed four (4) petitions for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the AndreaCompany’s patents asserted in the ITC and District Court litigation proceedingsNew York Litigation with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”). AndreaThe Company filed its Patent Owner’s Preliminary Response in two of these IPR proceedings on May 1, 2017. The PTO instituted the four IPR proceedings requested by Apple on July 24, 2017. AndreaThe Company filed its Patent Owner’s Response in two of these IPR proceedings on November 7, 2017. On March 19, 2018, both Andrea and Apple requested oralOral argument in these two IPR proceedings. The oral argumentsproceedings, occurred on April 25, 2018. On July 12, 2018, the PTO issued its final written decisions in those two IPR proceedings, ruling that claims 6-9 of the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345 remain valid and enforceable after the PTO’s review. On September 13, 2018, Apple filed its Notice of Appeal of that ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “Federal Circuit”). Apple filed its Appeal Brief with the Federal Circuit on January 31, 2019. The Company filed its Response to Apple’s Appeal Brief on March 12, 2019. The Federal Circuit held an oral argument on October 1, 2019. On February 7, 2020, the Federal Circuit issued its decisions on Apple’s appeals. The Federal Circuit affirmed the PTO’s findings in one of the ongoing IPRs. In the other ongoing IPR, the Federal Circuit partly affirmed the PTO’s findings, but also partly vacated the PTO’s findings, and remanded the case back to the PTO for further proceedings. On remand of the ongoing IPR, on October 28, 2020, the PTO found that claims 6-9 of the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345 are currently scheduled for April 25, 2018. invalid. The Company has appealed this decision to the Federal Circuit.

The New York Litigation is stayed pending the final outcome of Apple’s IPR proceedings against the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345.

Andrea intends to vigorously defend its patents in these PTOprosecute the New York Litigation and the ongoing IPR proceedings.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The table below sets forth the high and low sales prices for Andrea’s Common Stock as reported by the Over the Counter Bulletin Board for the eight fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2017. Andrea’s common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB tier of the OTC Market Group’s quotation platform. On March 14, 2018,23, 2021, there were approximately 318298 holders of record of Andrea’s Common Stock.

No cash dividends were paid on Andrea’s Common Stock in 20172020 or 2016.2019.

During the three months ended December 31, 2017,2020, the Company did not repurchase any of its common stock.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable as Andrea is a smaller reporting company.applicable.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Our primary mission is to provide the emerging “voice interface” markets with state-of-the-art digital microphone products and noise reduction software that facilitate AI natural language human/processing of the human voice/machine interfaces.

Examples of the applications and interfaces for which Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products provide benefits include: Internetinternet and other computer-based speech; telephony communications; multi-point conferencing; speech recognition; and other applications and interfaces that incorporate natural language processing. We believe that end users of these applications and interfaces will require high quality microphone and earphone products that enhance voice transmission, particularly in noisy environments, for use with personal computers, mobile personal computing devices, cellular and other wireless communication devices and automotive communication systems. Our Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products use “far-field” digital signal processing technology to provide high quality transmission of voice where the user is at a distance from the microphone. High quality audio communication technologies will be required for emerging far-field voice applications, ranging from continuous speech dictation, to Internetinternet telephony and multiparty video teleconferencing and collaboration, to natural language-driven interfaces for automobiles, home and office automation and other machines and devices into which voice-controlled microprocessors are expected to be introduced during the next several years.

Our Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements and the notes to our consolidated financial statements contain information that is pertinent to management's discussion and analysis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and determination of revenues and expenses in the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. On a continual basis, management reviews its estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such reviews, and if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results may vary from these estimates and assumptions under different and/or future circumstances. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: 1) it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made; and 2) changes in the estimate, or the use of different estimating methods that could have been selected, and could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

The following critical accounting policies that affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements have been identified. In addition to the recording and presentation of our convertible preferred stock, we believe that the following are some of the more critical judgment areas in the application of our accounting policies that affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. We have discussed the application of these critical accounting policies with our Audit Committee. The following critical accounting policies are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of the Company’s accounting policies or estimates.

Revenue Recognition– Non software-related revenue,On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”), which is generallydescribed below in Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue using the following five-step approach:

Andrea utilizes the modified retrospective approach when reviewing its current accounting policies to identify potential differences that would result from applying the new requirements to its customer contracts. This approach includes the evaluation of sales terms, performance obligations, variable consideration, and costs to obtain and fulfill contracts. Based on the Company’s review, management did not need to record a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of initial application and application of this guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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The Company disaggregates its revenues into three contract types: (1) product revenues, (2) service related revenues and (3) license revenues and then further disaggregates its revenues by operating segment. Generally, product revenue is comprised of microphones and microphone connectivity product revenues,revenues. Product revenue is recognized when title and riskthe Company satisfies its performance obligation by transferring promised goods to a customer. Product revenue is measured at the transaction price, which is based on the amount of loss passconsideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods to the customer. Contracts with customers are comprised of customer which is generally upon shipment. With respectpurchase orders, invoices and written contracts. Customer product orders are fulfilled at a point in time and not over a period of time. The Company does not have arrangements for returns from customers and does not have any future obligations directly or indirectly related to product resale by customers. The Company has no sales incentive programs. Service related and licensing revenues Andrea recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (the “ASC”) 985 “Software” and ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition.” License revenue isare recognized based on the terms and conditions of individual contracts.contracts using the five step approach listed above, which identifies performance obligations and transaction price. Typically, Andrea receives licensing reports from its licensees approximately one quarter in arrears due to the fact that its agreements require customers to report revenues between 30-60 days after the end of the quarter. Under this accounting policy, the licensing revenues reported are not based upon estimates. In addition, fee based services,service related revenues, which are short-term in nature, are generally performed on a time-and-material basis under separate service arrangements and the corresponding revenue is generally recognized as the services are performed.

Accounts Receivable – We are required to estimate the collectability of our trade receivables. Judgment is required in assessing the realization of these receivables, including the current creditworthiness of each customer and related aging of the past due balances. We evaluate specific accounts when we become aware of a situation where a customer may not be able to meet its financial obligations due to deterioration of its financial viability, credit ratings or bankruptcy. The reserve requirements are based on the best facts available to us and are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information is received. Our reserves are also determined by using percentages applied to certain aged receivable categories. At December 31, 20172020 and 2016,2019, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $5,092.

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InventoryInventories – We are required to state our inventories at the lower of cost or marketnet realizable value. In assessing the ultimate realization of inventories, we are required to make considerable judgments as to future demand requirements and compare that with our current inventory levels. Our reserve requirements generally increase as our projected demand requirements decrease due to market conditions, technological and product life cycle changes occur, as well as longer than previously expected usage periods. We have evaluated the current levels of inventories, considering historical total revenues and other factors and, based on this evaluation, recorded adjustments to cost of revenues to adjust inventories to net realizable value. InventoriesWe had inventories of $136,449$114,393 and $86,512$210,161 at December 31, 20172020 and 2016, respectively, are net of reserves of $107,680 and $119,325,2019, respectively. It is possible that additional charges to inventory may occur in the future if there are further declines in market conditions, or if additional restructuring actions are taken.

Long Lived Assets– ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”) requires management judgments regarding the future operating and disposition plans for marginally performing assets, and estimates of expected realizable values for assets to be sold. Andrea accounts for its long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360 for purposes of determining and measuring impairment of its other intangible assets. Andrea’s policy is to periodically review the value assigned to its long lived assets to determine if they have been permanently impaired by adverse conditions which may affect Andrea. If required, an impairment charge would be recorded based on an estimate of future discounted cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate undiscounted future operating cash flows and fair values and, accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. No impairment charges were recognized during the years ended December 31, 20172020 and 2016.2019.

Deferred Tax Assets– We currently have significant deferred tax assets. ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), requires a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. Furthermore, ASC 740 provides that it is difficult to conclude that a valuation allowance is not needed when there is negative evidence such as cumulative losses in recent years. Therefore, cumulative losses weigh heavily in the overall assessment. Accordingly, and after considering changes in previously existing positive and negative evidence, the Company determined that a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assetassets was required. Andrea will reduce its valuation allowance in future periods to the extent that we can demonstrate our ability to utilize the assets. The future realization of a portion of our reserved deferred tax assets related to tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options, if and when realized, will not result in a tax benefit in the consolidated statement of operations, but rather will result in an increase in additional paid in capital. We will continue to re-assess our reserves on deferred income tax assets in future periods on a quarterly basis.

Contingencies– We are subject to proceedings, lawsuits and other claims, including proceedings under laws and government regulations related to securities, environmental, labor, product and other matters. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is based on an analysis of each individual issue with the assistance of legal counsel. The amount of any reserves may change in the future due to new developments in each matter.

The impact of changes in the estimates and judgments pertaining to revenue recognition, receivables and inventories is directly reflected in our segments’ loss from operations. Although any charges related to our deferred tax provision are not reflected in our segment results, the long-term forecasts supporting the realization of those assets and changes in them are significantly affected by the actual and expected results of each segment.

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain information contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 20172020 and other items set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, our beliefs and certain assumptions made by our management. Investors are cautioned that matters subject to forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties including economic, competitive, governmental, technological and other factors that may affect our business and prospects. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These statements are based on current expectations and speak as of the date of such statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise. In order to obtain the benefits of these “safe harbor” provisions for any such forward-looking statements, we caution investors and prospective investors about the following significant factors, which, among others, have in some cases affected our actual results and are in the future likely to affect our actual results and could cause them to differ materially from those expressed in any such forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries include, but are not limited to, our ability to enforce our patents, changes in economic, competitive, governmental, technological and other factors, such as the ongoing impact of COVID-19 and the PPP Loans, that may affect our business and prospects. Additional factors are discussed in Part I,“Item 1A – Risk Factors”of this Form 10-K.

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Results Of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 20172020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 20162019

Total Revenues