Sales and Distribution

In 2018,There are two major sales modes of our export products: the Company had two primary products: electric vehicle partsfirst mode is indirect sales to domestic import and off-road vehicles. Priorexport companies for external sales, and the second is direct sales to 2014,foreign importers. Our products sold in China are mainly through our sales department to sign sales contracts directly with customers.

Currently, K23 model is applying for manufacture license. If it goes smoothly, it is expected that the Company also featured EV products. As EV production was completely transferred to the JV Companymanufacture license will be granted at the end of 2014 pursuant to the JV Agreement, Kandisecond quarter of 2022. After receiving the manufacture license, K23 model can be then delivered into the Chinese market. 

During 2020, the Company received the required clearance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its two electric vehicle (EV) models – the K23 and K27 – via Certificates of Conformity. However, until now, focuses on EV parts productionthe airbags of the products have not met the technical requirements of the United States. Therefore, the launch time of the above-mentioned two products in the United States is still uncertain. Currently, the low-speed versions (NEV) of K23 and supplies the JV Company with EV parts. In addition, Kandi continues to produce and sell off-road vehicles,K27, which are specifically designed for the U.S. market have met the relevant requirements in the United States, and now have gradually begun to be delivered to customers. The prototypes of our traditional productsUTV K32 were delivered to SC Autosports for dealers to review and provide feedback. The initial feedback we received was positive and we also received some suggestions. We have made improvement based on the suggestions and plan to deliver first batch of K32 in the late first quarter of 2022. Since the beginning of 2021, we have been signing up and delivering NEV to Kandi’s dealers. The potential buyers can reserve a NEV K23 or K27 by paying a fully unconditionally refundable $100 deposit on our website. Once we receive the reservation fee and request, we will pass the reservation to dealers, who will then contact the potential buyers to complete the purchase process, the completion of which is subject to which payment method the buyers may utilize and the approval of a bank if a loan is needed. Regarding our latest model off-road UTV K32, similar to NEV K23 and K27, we are soldtaking reservations made through our website and plan to domesticdeliver first batch of K32 to dealers in the late first quarter of 2022. Please be advised that that we are using online reservations as a lead generator for our dealerships. The final sales will be completed by our dealers. The prototypes shown on our website on our website will be the final models for delivery. Currently SC Autosports sells through the authorized dealers covering more than thirty states, from western coast to eastern coast in the U.S. for its NEV and international distributors or consumers.off-road vehicles. SC Autosports also sells parts and youth vehicles on its website www.partsBoss.com.

Customers

As ofFor the year ended December 31, 2018,2021 and 2020, the major customers of our major customers,operating subsidiaries, in the aggregate, accounted for 76%29% and 38% of our sales. WeOur operating subsidiaries are working on developing new business partners and clients for our products to reduce our dependence on existing customers and is focusing our new business development efforts on our EVpure electric off-road vehicle business.

TheFor the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s major customers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue, were as follows:

Sources of Supply

All raw materials are purchased from suppliers. WeOur operating subsidiaries have developed close relationships with several key suppliers particularly in the procurement of certain key parts. While weour operating subsidiaries obtain components from multiple third-party sources in some cases, we do not have, and do not anticipate having,to have, any difficulty in obtaining required materials from our suppliers. We believe that weour operating subsidiaries have adequate supplies or sources of availability of the raw materials necessary to meet our manufacturing and supply requirements.

The Company’sFor the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our operating subsidiaries’ material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of our total purchases, were as follows:

Intellectual Property and Licenses

Our success partially depends at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights and trade secret protection laws in China and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and our brand. For 2018, Kandi Vehicles applied with the Chinese patent authority for total 23 patents, including 1 invention patent, 20 utility model patents and 2 appearance design patents. During 2018, Kandi Vehicles received total of 24 issued patents, including 1 invention patent, 14 utility model patents and 9 appearance design patents. As of December 31, 2018,2021, Zhejiang Kandi VehiclesTechnologies had a total of 7473 valid patents and 2 software copyrights, including 1 invention patent, 41 utility model patents and 3231 appearance design patents. As of December 31, 2021, Zhejiang Kandi Smart Battery Swap Technology Co., Ltd (“Kandi Smart Battery Swap”) had a total of 83 valid patents and 3 software copyrights, including 68 utility model patents, 12 appearance design patents as well as 2 software copyrights. For 2018, Jinhua Ankao applied with the Chinese patent authority forand 3 invention patents. As of December 31, 2021, Kandi New Energy had a total of 246 valid patents, including 20 invention patents, 42 utility model patents and 4 appearance design patents. During 2018, Jinhua Ankao receivedAs of December 31, 2021, Yongkang Scrou Electric Co., Ltd. (“Yongkang Scrou”) had a total 8 issuedof 16 valid patents, including 76 utility model patents and 10 appearance design patents. As of December 31, 2021, Kandi Electric Vehicles (Hainan) Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Hainan”) had a total of 22 valid patents, including 21 utility model patents and 1 appearance designinvention patent. As of December 31, 2018, Jinhua Ankao2021, Jiangxi Province Huiyi New Energy Co., Ltd. (“Jiangxi Huiyi”) had a total of 2445 valid patents, including 227 invention patents, 28 utility model patents and 2 appearance design patents. For 2018, Kandi New Energy applied total of 1 utility model patent. As of December 31, 2018, Kandi New Energy had total of 4 valid patents, all of which are10 appearance design patents. Under Chinese patent law, anthe utility model patents and appearance design patents shall be valid until 10 years after the date of application. The invention patent ispatents shall be valid for a term ofuntil 20 years after the date of application. Among the Company’s valid utility model patents, the earliest expiration date is March 2023 and a utility orthe latest is August 2031. Among the Company’s valid appearance design patentpatents, the earliest expiration date is July 2023 and the latest is May 2031. Among the Company’s valid for a term of 10 years.invention patents, the earliest expiration date is November 2035 and the latest is July 2039. In addition, we are authorized to use the trademark “Kandi” and we are the owner of the trademark “JASSCOL”. The JV Company is authorized to use the trademark “Global Hawk”. We intend to continue to file additional patent applications with respect to our technology.

Zhejiang Kandi VehiclesTechnologies was certified in intellectual property management systems in 2017 and is recognized as a national High and New Technology Enterprise by Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Bureau, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance, Zhejiang Provincial National Tax Bureau and Zhejiang Provincial Local Tax Bureau. The certification is renewed in December 2020. Kandi Smart Battery Swap was certified in intellectual property management systems in 2018 and is recognized as a national High and New Technology Enterprise by Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Bureau, onZhejiang Provincial Department of Finance, Zhejiang Provincial National Tax Bureau and Zhejiang Provincial Local Tax Bureau in November 13, 2017.2018. The certification is renewed in December 2021. Kandi Hainan was certified in intellectual property management systems in 2020 and is recognized as a national High and New Technology Enterprise in December 2020. Jiangxi Huiyi was certified in intellectual property management systems in 2018 and is recognized as a national High and New Technology Enterprise in August 2018. The certification is renewed in November 2021. The certification is valid for three years. The status of being a national High and New Technology Enterprise qualifies Kandi Vehicles for a preferred 15% income tax rate, as opposed to a standard corporate income tax rate at 25%.

In 2018, Kandi Vehicles was recognized as top 10 enterprises of Jinhua Economic Development Zone and Jinhua Ankao was identified as National High and New Technology Enterprise.Employees

Employees

As of December 31, 2018,2021, excluding the contractors and the employees with the JVAffiliate Company, Kandi had a total of 705837 full-time employees, as compared to 564638 full-time employees onas of December 31, 2017,2020, of which 423485 employees are production personnel, 2930 employees are sales personnel, 87101 employees are research and development personnel, and 166221 employees are administrative personnel. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationships with our employees to be good. We also employ consultants on an as-needed basis.

Selected Condensed Consolidated Financial Schedule

The consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the registrant, Delaware incorporated parent company together with those of its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis. The tables below are condensed consolidating schedules summarizing separately the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the parent company including non-VIE subsidiaries and Kandi New Energy, which was deemed as an VIE prior to its conversion to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Kandi Technologies effective March 14, 2022, together with eliminating adjustments:

Consolidated Statements of Operations Information

Environmental and Safety Regulation

Emissions

Our products are all subject to international laws and emissions related standards and regulations, including regulations and related standards established by China Environmental Protection Agency, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the California Air Resources Board, and European and Canadian legislative bodies.

According to the management’s knowledge, the Company’s products have been designed and developed according to the environmental regulations of the target market since the research and development period, and have passed the corresponding tests before the products are put into production and sales, and obtained the compulsory product certification of the corresponding countries and regions.

If the standards and rules we execute are modified, or interpreted differently, or the product certification certificate expires, we will evaluate the product and restart the corresponding product design improvement and product testing/certification procedures to continuously ensure the target market environment regulatory compliance. The Company cannot estimate the extent to which these changes, if any, will affect our operating costs in the future.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s subordinates, Kandi Electric Vehicles and SC Autosports, conducted a policy investigation and conformity assessment on environmental regulations and standards for the Kandi electric vehicles EX3 and K22 sold to the US market. The Company’s subsidiaries will develop and implement corresponding action plans based on the assessment results. The resources required to implement such an action plan will be an important part of the foreseeable cost of sales that constitutes the export of Kandi EVs to the United States.

However, once the US changes in environmental protection policies and regulations for automotive products, or changes in import tariff policies, or changes in US automobile product consumption tax policies, or changes in US new energy vehicle product subsidy policies, the Company cannot estimate the impact of these changes on the EV sales in the United States.

Product Safety and Regulation

Safety Regulation

The U.S. federal government and individual states have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, laws and regulations relating to the use and safety of Kandi’s products. The federal government is the primary regulator of product safety. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) has federal oversight over product safety issues related to ATVs and off-road vehicles. The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) has federal oversight over product safety issues related to off-road vehicles and regulates the safety of electric vehicles for road vehicles.

In August 2008, the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (the “Product Safety Act”) was passed. The Product Safety Act requires all manufacturers and distributors who import into or distribute ATVs within the United States to comply with the American National Standards Institute/Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (“ANSI/SVIA”) safety standard, which previously had been voluntary. The Product Safety Act also requires the same manufacturers and distributors to have ATV action plans filed with the CPSC that are substantially similar to the voluntary action plans that were previously in effect. Both Kandi and SC Autosports currently comply with the ANSI/SVIA standard.

Kandi’s off-road vehicles are subject to federal vehicle safety standards administered by NHTSA. Kandi’s off-road vehicles are also subject to various state vehicle safety standards. Kandi believes that its off-road vehicles comply with safety standards applicable to off-road vehicles.

Kandi’s off-road vehicles are also subject to international safety standards in places where it sells its products outside the United States. Kandi believes that its off-road vehicle products comply with applicable safety standards in the United States and internationally.

ForThe Company has received the future sales of Kandi EX3\K22required clearance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its two electric vehicle (EV) models, the K23 and K27 via Certificates of Conformity. We performed self-inspection comparing to the USsafety standards published by the United States Department of Transportation. However, until now, the airbags of the products have not met the technical requirements of the United States. Therefore, We are also in the process of modifying features, upgrading the software and technology to cater for our potential U.S. customers. Currently, the low-speed versions (NEV) of K23 and K27, which are specifically designed for the U.S. market the Company’s R&D department collected and checkedhave met the relevant provisions adopted by NHTSA by the end of 2018. Through the conformity assessment and design improvement of product safety standards, the Kandi EX3 and K22 electric vehicles were approved by NHTSA and obtained the qualification for the import and registration of electric vehiclesrequirements in the United States. Therefore, Kandi believes that the EX3\K22 electric vehicle can meet the US product safety regulations and standards.

Principal Executive Offices

Our principal executive office is located in the Jinhua City Industrial ZoneNew Energy Vehicle Town in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PRC, 321016, and our telephone number is (86-579) 82239856.

Recent Development Activities

On December 28, 2021, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Jiangxi Huiyi entered mass production of its lithium iron phosphate (“LFP”) battery IFR18650-2200mAh, one of the most advanced on the global market.

On January 9, 2019, we10, 2022, the Company announced that it signed a framework agreement with Hunan Hengrun Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Hengrun”) to jointly produce battery-swappable pure electric vehicles. According to the agreement, Kandi Jiangsu received an approval noticeand Hengrun will use their respective capabilities to jointly produce battery-swappable pure electric vehicles. The specific division of labor and cooperation content will be clarified in a separate agreement. The vehicles will be sold under the “Henghe” brand name.

Under the condition that SC Autosports purchased electric golf crossover vehicles from Jiangsu Development and Reform Commission regarding Kandi Jiangsu’s annualXingchi Electric Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Xingchi”), but Jiangsu Xingchi’s existing production capacity of 50,000 pure electric vehicles project (the “EV Project”) on January 8, 2019. The approval was granted pursuant tois far from meeting the provisions of Announcement No. 22 - the “Regulations on the Administration of Investment in the Automobile Industry” (the “Auto Regulations”) published on December 18, 2018 by the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”). Kandi Jiangsu’s EV Project application was assigned to the Jiangsu Provincial Development and Reform Commission for review and subsequent approval.

On January 22, 2019, we announced that the JV Company led the efforts in organizing a five-year online ride-sharing service alliance in Hangzhou on January 13, 2019 (the “Online Ride-sharing Service Alliance”). The Online Ride-sharing Alliance was initiated by Zhejiang Ruibo New Energy Vehicle Service Company Ltd. (“Zhejiang Ruibo”). Its goal is to provide 300,000 government-accredited vehicles within five years. Participating companies from more than ten cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Suzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen jointly signed the alliance agreement. On January 18, 2019, the JV Company signed a Framework Agreement with Zhejiang Ruibo to serve as the primary vehicle supplier for the Online Ride-Sharing Service Alliance and provide 300,000 government-accredited vehicles for the ride-sharing service.

On January 29, 2019, we announced that the JV Company and Hangzhou Youxing Technology Co. Ltd. (“Youxing Technology”) have agreed to collaborate in exploring new and innovative models for an online ride-sharing business with their combined resources and market advantages. On January 28, 2019, representatives from each party, Mr. Zhu Feng, CEOneeds of the JV Company and Mr. Dong Kainan, General Manager of Youxing Technology signed a Cooperation Agreement. Mr. Hu Xiaoming, Chairman of the JV Company and Mr. Liu Jinliang, Chairman of Youxing Technology also attended the signing ceremony. The two parties have agreed to utilize the “Cao Cao Zhuan Che” online ride-sharing platform to launch 20,000 Kandi brand pure electric vehicles for urban network ride-sharing services within three years.

On February 4, 2019, we announced that the JV Company received a RMB 1.6 billion (approximately US$237.2 million) supply chain finance (SCF) program, to be used as capital support for the JV Company, from the National Economic and Technological Development Zone of Rugao City. The total capital support amount of the SCF program has increased to RMB 1.6 billion (approximately US$237.2 million) based on the initial SCF program of RMB 730 million (approximately US$108 million) we received in May 2017. As of February 3, 2019, RMB 1.28 billion (approximately US$190.2 million) has already been received, and the remainder will be provided according to the JV Company’s capital requirements.

On February 20, 2019, we announced that Kandi brand electric vehicle (“EV”) Models EX3 and K22 have been approved for importation and registration in the USA by NHTSA. This is another significant milestone after qualifying for a $7,500 U.S. federal tax credit in October 2018. The NHTSA approval provides assurance that Kandi’s two EV models conform to NHTSA standards and are registered in the U.S. The JV Company will begin the process of launching the Model EX 3 and Model K22 for the American market.

On March 4, 2019, we announced that further steps the JV Company has takenmarket, in order to maintain favorable momentum generated by its recent establishmentexpand production capacity as soon as possible to meet the needs of the government-accredited Online Ride-sharing Service AllianceU.S. market, on January 13, 2019. The JV Company signed a strategic cooperative agreement for operating government-accredited vehicles with China Resources (Zhejiang) VehicleFebruary 15, 2022, Kandi Hainan and Ship Natural GasJiangsu Xingchi jointly invested RMB 30,000,000 (approximately $4.6 million) in Haikou, Hainan (of which Kandi Hainan owns 66.7% and Jiangsu Xingchi owns 33.3%) to establish Hainan Kandi Holding New Energy Technology Co., LtdLtd. (“China Resources Zhejiang”Hainan Kandi Holding”) on March 2, 2019. The JV Company led the efforts in organizing the Online Ride-sharing Service Alliance, which includes over 10 vehicle service providers such as Zhejiang Ruibo and Hangzhou Ruixiang. The mission of the Online Ride-sharing Service Alliance is to provide 300,000 government-accredited vehicles for the ride-hailing service within five years. The JV Company. Hainan Kandi Holding will be the primary vehicle supplierspecialize in the Online Ride-sharing Service Alliance, responsible for delivering pureproduction of electric golf crossover vehicles with quick battery exchange features. Going forward, China Resources Zhejiang will beand other products in charge of investment and operations of Online Ride-sharing Service Alliance’s vehicle battery exchange business.Kandi Hainan’s factory.

On March 11, 2019, we announced that Kandi Pure EV Models EX3 and K22 reached another significant milestone in the American market. After both models received approval of eligibility in October 2018 for up to a $7,500.00 New Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit (the “Credit”) from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for U.S. customers who purchased models EX3 and K22 in 2019, new U.S. buyers who purchase models EX3 and K22 in 2020 also qualify for the Credit according to Internal Revenue Code Section 30D.

Item 1A.Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this report before making an investment decision with regard to our securities. The statements contained in or incorporated into this Annual Report that are not historic facts are forward -lookingforward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risk Factor Summary

The following are some material risks, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business financial condition, operating results, or prospects.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our future growth is dependent upon consumers’ willingness to adopt EVs.our products.

Our PRC operating entities’ growth is highly dependent upon the adoption by consumers of, and wethey are subject to a risk of any reduced demand for, alternative fuel vehicles in general and EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles in particular. The market for alternative fuel vehicles (including EVs)and pure electric off-road vehicles is relatively new and rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. If the market for EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles in China does not develop as we expect or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be harmed.

Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in the internal combustion engine may materially adversely affect the demand for our EV Products.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as advanced diesel, ethanol, fuel cells or compressed natural gas, or improvements in the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine, may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects in ways we do not currently anticipate. Any failure by us to develop new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could materially delay our development and introduction of new and enhanced EV products and Pure Electric off-road vehicles, which could result in the loss of competitiveness of our vehicles, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.

If weour PRC operating entities are unable to keep up with advances in electric vehicle and pure electric off-road vehicle technology, we may suffer a decline in our competitive position.

WeOur PRC operating entities may be unable to keep up with changes in EV and pure electric off-road vehicle technology, and wethey may suffer a resulting decline in ourthe competitive position. Any failure to keep up with advances in EV and pure electric off-road vehicle technology would result in a decline in ourtheir competitive position which would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. Our research and development efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes in EV and pure electric off-road vehicle technology. As technologies change, weour PRC operating entities plan to upgrade or adapt the vehicles and introduce new models in order to continue to provide vehicles with the latest technology, in particular battery cell technology. However, our PRC operating entities’ vehicles may not compete effectively with alternative vehicles and pure electric off-road vehicles if wethey are not able to source and integrate the latest technology into ourtheir vehicles. For example, weour PRC operating entities do not manufacture battery cells, which makes usthem dependent upon other suppliers of battery cell technology for our battery packs.

Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our executive officers, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success depends substantially on the continued services of our executive officers, especially our CEO and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Hu Xiaoming. We do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our executive officers. If any of our executive officers are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them readily, if at all. Therefore, our business may be severely disrupted, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and retain new officers. In addition, if any of our executive officers joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose some of our customers.

WeOur PRC operating entities may be subject to product liability claims or recalls which could be expensive, damage our reputation or result in a diversion of management resources.

WeOur PRC operating entities may be subject to lawsuits resulting from injuries associated with the use of the vehicles that wethey sell or produce. We may incur losses relating to these claims or the defense of these claims. There is a risk that claims or liabilities will exceed our insurance coverage. In addition, we may be unable to retain adequate liability insurance in the future.

WeOur PRC operating entities may also be required to participate in recalls involving our vehicles, if any (including the products SC Autosports sellssell in the U.S.) proveproves to be defective, or weour PRC operating entities may voluntarily initiate a recall or make payments related to such claims as a result of various industry or business practices or the need to maintain good customer relationships. Such a recall would result in a diversion of resources. While weour PRC operating entities do maintain product liability insurance, we cannot assure investors that it will be sufficient to cover all product liability claims, that such claims will not exceed our insurance coverage limits or that such insurance will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Any product liability claim brought against us could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.

We and our PRC operating entities retain certain personal information about our customers and may be subject to various privacy and consumer protection laws.

We and our operating companies use the electronic systems of our vehicles to log information about each vehicle’s condition, performance and use in order to aid us in providing customer service, including vehicle diagnostics, repair and maintenance, as well as to help us collect data regarding our customers’ charge time, battery usage, mileage and efficiency habits and to improve our vehicles. We also collect information about our customers through our website, at our stores and facilities, and via telephone.

Our customers may object to the processing of this data, which may negatively impact our ability to provide effective customer service and develop new vehicles and products. Collection and use of our customers’ personal information in conducting our business may be subject to national and local laws and regulations in China, and such laws and regulations may restrict our processing of such personal information and hinder our ability to attract new customers or market to existing customers. We may incur significant expenses to comply with privacy, consumer protection and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations. Although we take steps to protect the security of our customers’ personal information, we may be required to expend significant resources to comply with data breach requirements if third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our customers or we otherwise experience a data loss with respect to customers’ personal information. A major breach of our network security and systems could have serious negative consequences for our businesses and future prospects, including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced customer demand for our vehicles, and harm to our reputation and brand.

Our PRC operating entities’ business will be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights from unauthorized use or infringement by third parties.

Any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could result in the weakening or loss of such rights, which may allow our competitors to offer similar or identical products or use identical or confusingly similar branding, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage, a decrease in our revenue or an attribution of potentially lower quality products to us, which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. To accomplish this, we rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, copyright protection, trademarks, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our technology. We have also received from third parties patent licenses related to manufacturing our vehicles.

The protection provided by the patent laws is and will be important to our future opportunities. However, such patents and agreements and various other measures we take to protect our intellectual property from use by others may not be effective for various reasons, including the following:

Existing trademark and trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements afford only limited protections. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, and policing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult.

We may need to defend ourselves against patent or trademark infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and could cause us to incur substantial costs.

Companies, organizations or individuals, including our competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, sell or market our vehicles or components, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, we may receive inquiries from holders of patents or trademarks regarding their proprietary rights. Companies holding patents or other intellectual property rights may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise assert their rights and seek licenses. In addition, if we are determined to have infringed upon a third party’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to do one or more of the following:

In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to obtain a license to the infringed technology or other intellectual property right, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

We may also face claims that our use of technology licensed or otherwise obtained from a third party infringes the rights of others. In such cases, we may seek indemnification from our licensors/suppliers under our contracts with them. However, indemnification may be unavailable or insufficient to cover our costs and losses, depending on our use of the technology, whether we choose to retain control over conduct of the litigation, and other factors.

Our PRC operating entities’ vehicles make use of lithium-ion battery cells, which have the potential to catch fire or vent smoke and flame. This may lead to additional concerns about batteries used in automotive applications.

The battery packs in our EV products and pure electric off-road vehicles make use of lithium-ion cells. WeOur PRC operating entities also currently intend to make use of lithium-ion cells in battery packs on any future vehicles we may produce. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. Extremely rare incidents of laptop computers, cell phones and EV battery packs catching fire have focused consumer attention on the safety of these cells.

These events have raised concerns about batteries used in automotiveEV products and pure electric off-road vehicles applications. To address these questions and concerns, a number of battery cell manufacturers are pursuing alternative lithium-ion battery cell chemistries to improve safety. WeOur PRC operating entities may have to recall ourtheir vehicles or participate in a recall of a vehicle that contains ourtheir battery packs, or redesign ourtheir battery packs, which would be time consuming and expensive. Also, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for automotive applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve us, could seriously harm our business.

In addition, weour PRC operating entities store a significant number of lithium-ion cells at our manufacturing facility. Any mishandling of battery cells may cause disruption to the operation of our facilities. While weour PRC operating entities have implemented safety procedures related to the handling of the cells, there can be no assurance that a safety issue or fire related to the cells would not disrupt our operations. Such damage or injury would likely lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Moreover, any failure of a competitor’s EV,EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles, may cause indirect adverse publicity for us and our EV products. Such adverse publicity would negatively affect our brand and harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Compliance with environmental regulations can be expensive, and noncompliance with these regulations may result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages and fines.

OurThe business operations of our PRC operating entities generate noise, waste water, gaseous byproduct and other industrial waste. WeOur PRC operating entities are required to comply with all national and local regulations regarding the protection of the environment. WeOur PRC operating entities are in compliance with current environmental protection requirements and have all necessary environmental permits to conduct our business. However, if more stringent regulations are adopted in the future, the costs of compliance with these new regulations could be substantial. Additionally, if weour PRC operating entities fail to comply with present or future environmental regulations, wethey may be required to pay substantial fines, suspend production or cease operations. Any failure by usour PRC operating entities to control the use of, or to adequately restrict the unauthorized discharge of, hazardous substances could subject us to potentially significant monetary damages and fines or suspensions to our business operations. Certain laws, ordinances and regulations could limit our ability to develop, use, or sell our products.

Our high concentration of sales to relatively few customers may result in significant impact on our liquidity, business, results of operations and financial condition.

As of December 31, 20182021 and 20172020, our operating subsidiaries’ major customers (above 10% of the total revenue), in the aggregate, accounted for 76%29% and 90%38%, respectively, of ourtheir sales. Due to the concentration of sales to relatively few customers including the JVAffiliate Company, loss of one or more of these customers will have relatively high impact on ourtheir operational results. In the event that our relationship with the JV Company and/or our partner in the JV Company changes negatively, our operating results would be materially negatively affected.

Our business is subject to the risk of supplier concentrations.

WeOur operating subsidiaries depend on a limited number of suppliers for the sourcing of major components and parts and principal raw materials. For the years ended December 31, 20182021 and 20172020, the major suppliers (above 10% of the total purchases) of our top two suppliersoperating subsidiaries accounted for 42%50% and 51%71% of ourtheir purchases, respectively. As a result of this concentration in our supply chain, our operating subsidiaries’ business and operations would be negatively affected if any of ourtheir key suppliers were to experience significant disruption affecting the price, quality, availability or timely delivery of their products. The partial or complete loss of these suppliers, or a significant adverse change in our relationship with any of these suppliers, could result in lost revenue, added costs and distribution delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. In addition, concentration in our supply chain can exacerbate our exposure to risks associated with the termination by key suppliers of our distribution agreements or any adverse change in the terms of such agreements, which could have a negative impact on our revenues and profitability.

Our facilities or operations could be damaged or adversely affected as a result of disasters, epidemics or other unpredictable events.

Our headquarters and facilities are located in several cities in China such as Jinhua, Yongkang and Haikou. If major disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, wars, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, pandemics or other events occur, or our information system or communications network breaks down or operates improperly, our headquarters and production facilities may be seriously damaged, or we may have to stop or delay production and shipment of our products. WeFor example, our business could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the outbreak of COVID-19. Any outbreak of contagious diseases, and other adverse public health developments, particularly in China, could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. These could include disruptions or restrictions on our ability to travel or to distribute our products, as well as temporary closures of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers, manufacturers or customers. Any disruption or delay of our operation and those of our suppliers, manufacturers or customers would adversely impact our sales and operating results. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of China and many other countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and we may incur expenses relating to such damages, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Pandemic COVID-19 may adversely impact the transportation industry and our business.

Our PRC operating entities’ ability to manufacture and/or sell their products may be impaired by damage or disruption to our manufacturing, warehousing or distribution capabilities, or to the capabilities of their suppliers, logistics service providers or independent distributors. This damage or disruption could result from factors that are hard to predict or are beyond our control, such as natural disasters, fire, terrorism, pandemics, strikes, cybersecurity breaches, government shutdowns, disruptions in logistics, supplier capacity constraints or other events.

The spread of COVID-19 around China and other parts of the world has caused significant volatility in the markets of China, U.S., and the rest of the world. The pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and facilities in China and elsewhere. However, the extent to which the COVID-19 impacts our PRC operating entities’ operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration of the outbreak, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or minimize its harm, among others.

Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, may adversely affect our business or financial results. Disputes with significant suppliers, logistics service providers or independent distributors, including disputes regarding pricing or performance, may also adversely affect our ability to manufacture and/or sell our products, as well as our business or financial results. Our PRC operating entities are actively monitoring the recent coronavirus outbreak and its potential impact on their supply chain and operations. Due to current and potential future port closures and other restrictions resulting from the outbreak, global supply may become constrained, which may cause the negative impact on our sale of off-road vehicles to the U.S. While we do not expect that the virus will have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results at this time, we are unable to accurately predict the impact that the coronavirus will have due to various uncertainties, including the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, and effectiveness of the actions that may be taken by governmental authorities.

Our EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles may not perform in line with customer expectations.

Our EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles may not perform in line with customers’ expectations. For example, our vehicles may not have the durability or longevity of other vehicles in the market, and may not be as easy and convenient to repair as other vehicles in the market. Any product defects or any other failure of our vehicles to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in adverse publicity, lost revenue, delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, harm to our brand and reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

In addition, the range of our vehicles on a single charge declines principally as a function of usage, time and charging patterns as well as other factors. For example, a customer’s use of his or her EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles as well as the frequency with which he or she charges the battery can result in additional deterioration of the battery’s ability to hold a charge.

Furthermore, our vehicles may contain defects in design and manufacture that may cause them not to perform as expected or that may require repair. While we have performed extensive internal testing on our vehicles’ software and hardware systems, we have a limited frame of reference by which to evaluate the long-term performance of our systems and vehicles. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix any defects in the vehicles prior to their sale to consumers. If any of our vehicles fail to perform as expected, we may need to delay deliveries, initiate product recalls and provide servicing or updates under warranty at our expense, which could adversely affect our brand in our target markets and could adversely affect our business, prospects and results of operations.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our stock.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or SOX 404, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on our internal controls over financial reporting in their annual reports.

Although we continue to maintain and improve our internal control procedures, we cannot provide assurance that we will not fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment on an ongoing basis, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Substantial uncertainties and restrictions with respect to the political and economic policies of the PRC government and PRC laws and regulations could have a significant impact upon the business that we may be able to conduct in the PRC and accordingly on the results of our operations and financial condition.

Our business operations conducted through our PRC operating entities may be adversely affected by the current and future political environment in the PRC. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. The Chinese government exerts substantial influence and control over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. Our ability to operate in China may be adversely affected by changes in Chinese laws and regulations. Under the current government leadership, the government of the PRC has been pursuing reform policies which have adversely affected China-based operating companies whose securities are listed in the United States, with significant policies changes being made from time to time without notice. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business, or the enforcement and performance of our contractual arrangements. Only after 1979 did the Chinese government begin to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws that regulate economic affairs in general, deal with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade, as well as encourage foreign investment in China. Although the influence of the law has been increasing, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. Also, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published cases and their lack of force as precedents, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve significant uncertainties. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively. In addition, there have been constant changes and amendments of laws and regulations over the past 30 years in order to keep up with the rapidly changing society and economy in China. Because government agencies and courts provide interpretations of laws and regulations and decide contractual disputes and issues, their inexperience in adjudicating new business and new polices or regulations in certain less developed areas causes uncertainty and may affect our operating entities’ business. Consequently, we cannot predict the future direction of Chinese legislative activities with respect to either businesses with foreign investment or the effectiveness on enforcement of laws and regulations in China. The uncertainties, including new laws and regulations and changes of existing laws, as well as judicial interpretation by inexperienced officials in the agencies and courts in certain areas, may cause possible problems to foreign investors. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than two decades, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over economic growth in the PRC through the allocation of resources, controlling payments of foreign currency, setting monetary policy and imposing policies that impact particular industries in different ways. We cannot assure you that the PRC government will continue to pursue policies favoring a market oriented economy or that existing policies will not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption, or other circumstances affecting political, economic and social life in the PRC. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of the securities being offered. Any adverse changes in Chinese laws and regulations and the Chinese government’s significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Adverse regulatory developments in China may subject us to additional regulatory review, and additional disclosure requirements and regulatory scrutiny to be adopted by the SEC in response to risks related to recent regulatory developments in China may impose additional compliance requirements for companies like us with China-based operations, all of which could increase our compliance costs, subject us to additional disclosure requirements.

The recent regulatory developments in China, in particular with respect to restrictions on China-based companies raising capital offshore, may lead to additional regulatory review in China over our financing and capital raising activities in the United States. In addition, we may be subject to industry-wide regulations that may be adopted by the relevant PRC authorities, which may have the effect of restricting the scope of our operations in China, or causing the suspension or termination of our business operations in China entirely, all of which will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may have to adjust, modify, or completely change our business operations in response to adverse regulatory changes or policy developments, and we cannot assure you that any remedial action adopted by us can be completed in a timely, cost-efficient, or liability-free manner or at all.

On July 30, 2021, in response to the recent regulatory developments in China and actions adopted by the PRC government, the Chairman of the SEC issued a statement asking the SEC staff to seek additional disclosures from offshore issuers associated with China-based operating companies before their registration statements will be declared effective. On August 1, 2021, the China Securities Regulatory Commission stated in a statement that it had taken note of the new disclosure requirements announced by the SEC regarding the listings of Chinese companies and the recent regulatory development in China, and that both countries should strengthen communications on regulating China-related issuers. We cannot guarantee that we will not be subject to tightened regulatory review and we could be exposed to government interference in China. 

Compliance with China’s new Data Security Law, Measures on Cybersecurity Review, Personal Information Protection Law (second draft for consultation), regulations and guidelines relating to the multi-level protection scheme and any other future laws and regulations may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

China has implemented or will implement rules and is considering a number of additional proposals relating to data protection. China’s new Data Security Law took effect in September 2021. The Data Security Law provides that the data processing activities must be conducted based on “data classification and hierarchical protection system” for the purpose of data protection and prohibits entities in China from transferring data stored in China to foreign law enforcement agencies or judicial authorities without prior approval by the Chinese government.

Additionally, China’s Cyber Security Law requires companies to take certain organizational, technical and administrative measures and other necessary measures to ensure the security of their networks and data stored on their networks. Specifically, the Cyber Security Law provides that China adopt a multi-level protection scheme (MLPS), under which network operators are required to perform obligations of security protection to ensure that the network is free from interference, disruption or unauthorized access, and prevent network data from being disclosed, stolen or tampered. Under the MLPS, entities operating information systems must have a thorough assessment of the risks and the conditions of their information and network systems to determine the level to which the entity’s information and network systems belong-from the lowest Level 1 to the highest Level 5 pursuant to a series of national standards on the grading and implementation of the classified protection of cyber security. The grading result will determine the set of security protection obligations that entities must comply with. Entities classified as Level 2 or above should report the grade to the relevant government authority for examination and approval.

Recently, the Cyberspace Administration of China has taken action against several Chinese internet companies in connection with their initial public offerings on U.S. securities exchanges, for alleged national security risks and improper collection and use of the personal information of Chinese data subjects. According to the official announcement, the action was initiated based on the National Security Law, the Cyber Security Law and the Measures on Cybersecurity Review, which are aimed at “preventing national data security risks, maintaining national security and safeguarding public interests.” On July 10, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China published a revised draft of the Measures on Cybersecurity Review, expanding the cybersecurity review to data processing operators in possession of personal information of over 1 million users if the operators intend to list their securities in a foreign country.

It is unclear at the present time how widespread the cybersecurity review requirement and the enforcement action will be and what effect they will have on our business. China’s regulators may impose penalties for non-compliance ranging from fines or suspension of operations, and this could lead to us delisting from the U.S. stock market.

Also, recently, the National People’s Congress released the Personal Information Protection Law, which has become effective on November 1, 2021. The law creates a comprehensive set of data privacy and protection requirements that apply to the processing of personal information and expands data protection compliance obligations to cover the processing of personal information of persons by organizations and individuals in China, and the processing of personal information of persons in China outside of China if such processing is for purposes of providing products and services to, or analyzing and evaluating the behavior of, persons in China. The law also provides that critical information infrastructure operators and personal information processing entities who process personal information meeting a volume threshold to-be-set by Chinese cyberspace regulators are also required to store in China personal information generated or collected in China, and to pass a security assessment administered by Chinese cyberspace regulators for any export of such personal information. Lastly, the draft contains proposals for significant fines for serious violations of up to RMB 50 million or 5% of annual revenues from the prior year and may also be ordered to suspend any related activity by competent authorities.

Interpretation, application and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations evolve from time to time and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation and changes in enforcement. Compliance with the Cyber Security Law and the Data Security Law could significantly increase the cost to us of providing our service offerings, require significant changes to our operations or even prevent us from providing certain service offerings in jurisdictions in which we currently operate or in which we may operate in the future. Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection and information security, it is possible that our practices, offerings or platform could fail to meet all of the requirements imposed on us by the Cyber Security Law, the Data Security Law and/or related implementing regulations. Any failure on our part to comply with such law or regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection or information security, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access, use or release of personally identifiable information or other data, or the perception or allegation that any of the foregoing types of failure or compromise has occurred, could damage our reputation, discourage new and existing counterparties from contracting with us or result in investigations, fines, suspension or other penalties by Chinese government authorities and private claims or litigation, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if our practices are not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and brand and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the legal uncertainty created by the Data Security Law and the recent Chinese government actions could materially adversely affect our ability, on favorable terms, to raise capital, including engaging in follow-on offerings of our securities in the U.S. market.

The auditapproval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) may be required in connection with future offering under a PRC regulation adopted in August 2006, and, if required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, require an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In September 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by a special purpose vehicle seeking CSRC approval of its overseas listings. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles. Currently, there is no consensus among leading PRC law firms regarding the scope and applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.

Based on our understanding of the Chinese laws and regulations in effect at the time of this report, includedwe will not be required to submit an application to the CSRC for its approval of an offering in a foreseeable future and the listing and trading of our common stock on Nasdaq. However, there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and our belief is subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules or overseas offering approval. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC governmental agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do.

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. On July 10, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments, which required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure”, any “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities. We do not believe we are among the “operator of critical information infrastructure” or “data processor” as mentioned above. Based on the above and our understanding of the Chinese laws and regulations currently in effect as of the date of this Annual Report was prepared by auditors who arereport, we will not inspectedbe required to submit an application to the CSRC or the CAC for the approval of a future offering and the listing and trading of our securities on the Nasdaq. However, the revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review is in the process of being formulated and the Opinions remain unclear on how it will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Boardrelevant PRC governmental authorities. Thus, it is still uncertain how PRC governmental authorities will regulate overseas listing in general and whether we are required to obtain any specific regulatory approvals. Furthermore, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for future offering and any follow-on offering, we may be unable to obtain such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors. For instance, in the event that the CSRC approval or any regulatory approval is required for a future offering, or if the CSRC or any other PRC government authorities promulgates any new laws, rules or regulations or any interpretation or implements rules before our listing that would require us to obtain the CSRC or any other governmental approval for a future offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies if we fail to seek CSRC approval for such future offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from a future offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our PRC subsidiary, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our common stock. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt a future offering before the settlement and delivery of the securities that we offer. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the securities we offer, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding such approval requirements could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete any follow-on offering of our securities or the market for and market price of our common stock.

It may be difficult for U.S. regulators, such as the Department of Justice, the SEC, and other authorities, to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigations initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with regulatory authorities in the Unities States—including the SEC and the Department of Justice—may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the PRC territory. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase the difficulties you face in protecting your interests.

Our auditor, Paris, Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP is headquartered in New York, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis. To the extent that our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit documentation related to their audit reports for our company become located in China, the PCAOB may not be able inspect such audit documentation and, as a result, investors aresuch, you may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.inspection and our ordinary shares could be delisted from the stock exchange pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.

The independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed with the SEC, asAs auditors of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the “PCAOB”,PCAOB, our auditor is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOBPCAOB. However, to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Becauseextent that our auditors areauditor’s work papers become located in China, a jurisdiction wheresuch work papers will not be subject to inspection by the PCAOB because the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditors are not currently inspected by the PCAOB.

authorities. Inspections of certain other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The inability ofWe are required by the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act to have an auditor that is subject to the inspection by the PCAOB. While our present auditor is located in the United States and the PCAOB is able to conduct inspections on such auditor, to the extent this status changes in China preventsthe future and our auditor’s audit documentation related to their audit reports for our company becomes outside of the inspection by the PCAOB, our ordinary shares could be delisted from regularly evaluating our auditor’s statements, audits and quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.

The inability ofstock exchange pursuant to the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’s quality control and audit procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

The economy of China had experienced unprecedented growth. This growth has slowed in the recent years, and if the growth of the economy continues to slow or if the economy contracts, our financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

The rapid growth of the Chinese economy had historically resulted in widespread growth opportunities for industries across China. This growth has slowed in the recent years. As a result of the global financial crisis and the inability of enterprises to gain comparable access to the same amounts of capital available in past years, there may be an adverse effect on the business climate and growth of private enterpriseenterprises in China. An economic slowdown could have an adverse effect on our sales and may increase our costs. Further, if economic growth continues to slow, and if, in conjunction, inflation continues unchecked, our costs would be likely to increase, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to increase our prices to an extent that would offset the increase in our expenses.

In addition, a tightening of thetightened labor markets in our geographic region may result in fewer qualified applicants for job openings in our facilities. Further, higher wages, related labor costs and other increasing cost trends may negatively impact our results.

Changes in political and economic conditions may affect our business operations and profitability.

Since our business operations are primarily located in China, our business operations and financial position are subject,The coronavirus outbreak has significantly slowed down China’s extraordinary, nearly half-century-long run of growth. According to an article titled “China’s Economy Shrinks, Ending a significant degree, toNearly Half-Century of Growth” published on the economic, political and legal developments in China.

While theNew York Times on April 18, 2020, Chinese government has not halted its economic reform policy since 1978, any significant adverse changesofficials said that China’s economy shrank 6.8 percent in the social, politicalfirst three months of 2020 compared with a year ago. The data reflects China’s drastic efforts to stamp out the coronavirus, which included shutting down most factories and economic conditionsoffices in January and February as the outbreak sickened tens of thousands of people. Although China may fundamentally impacthas managed a turnaround during the fourth quarter of 2020, we cannot predict how China’s economic reform policies, and thuseconomy will develop amid the Company’s operations and profits may be adversely affected.significant uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us and may restrict the level of legal protections to foreign investors.

China’s legal system is based on statutory law. Unlike the common law system, statutory law is based primarily on written statutes. Previous court decisions may be cited as persuasive authority but do not have a binding effect. Since 1979, the Chinese government has been promulgating and amending laws and regulations regarding economic matters, such as corporate organization and governance, foreign investment, commerce, taxation and trade. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new, and the Chinese legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretation of many laws, regulations and rules is not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us.

In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management’s attention. The legal system in China cannot provide investors with the same level of protection as in the U.S. The Company is governed by laws and regulations generally applicable to local enterprises in China. Many of these laws and regulations were recently introduced and remain experimental in nature and subject to changes and refinements. Interpretation, implementation and enforcement of the existing laws and regulations can be uncertain and unpredictable and therefore may restrict the legal protections available to foreign investors.

Changes in currency conversion policies in China may have a material adverse effect on us.

Renminbi (“RMB”) is still not a freely exchangeable currency. Since 1998, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of China has promulgated a series of circulars and rules in order to enhance verification of foreign exchange payments under a Chinese entity’s current account items, and has imposed strict requirements on borrowing and repayments of foreign exchange debts from and to foreign creditors under the capital account items and on the creation of foreign security in favor of foreign creditors.

This may complicate foreign exchange payments to foreign creditors under the current account items and thus may affect the ability to borrow under international commercial loans, the creation of foreign security, and the borrowing of RMB under guarantees in foreign currencies. Moreover, the value of RMB may become subject to supply and demand, which could be largely impacted by international economic and political environments. Any fluctuations in the exchange rate of RMB could have an adverse effect on the operational and financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries in China.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.

The value of our common stock will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RMB and between those currencies and other currencies in which our sales may be denominated. Because substantially all of our earnings and cash assets are denominated in RMB, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB will affect our balance sheet and our earnings per share in U.S. dollars. In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RMB relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations.

Investors may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing judgements or bringing original actions based on United States or foreign laws against us or our management.

We, through our PRC operating entities, conduct substantially all of our operations in China and almost all of our assets are located in China. In addition, almost all of our senior executive officers reside in China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process on our senior executive officers within the United States or elsewhere outside China, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, our Chinese counsel has advised us that China does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of court orders and final judgments.

Changes to the government’s subsidy support policies and further delays in subsidy payments may have negative impacts on our operations.

DueOn March 31, 2020, in order to promote automobile consumption, the executive meeting of the State Council decided to extend two preferential policies of new energy vehicle purchase subsidy and vehicle purchase tax exemption for another two years, which were originally due at the end 2020. However, there is no assurance that such favorable policies will be further extended when they become due in two years. Any unfavorable changes of the policies, the unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects mainly in the following aspects.

2019 will be the implementation year for a decline in subsidies for new energy vehicles. The Chinese government’s subsidy for new energy vehicles has continued to decline compared to past years. However, as of the date of this report, the new government policy regarding state subsidies for new energy vehicles has not yet been released. The Chinese government has not made clear the extent to which new energy vehicle subsidies will decline. The Company cannot predict in the coming year whether the declining levels of national new energy vehicle subsidies will be made up by the scale effect of production, a reduction of the purchase price of key parts, or tightened control of manufacturing costs. This may also present greater challenges to the JV Company’s operations. Therefore, changes in government support policies may have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s business prospects, operating results, cash flow and profitability in the coming years.

prospects.

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Risks associated withAssociated With the exportExport of Kandi electric vehiclesElectric Vehicles to and sale in the United States

Our intellectual property rights may be harmed by competitors preemptively filing legitimate and illegitimate patents, which could create significant barriers for our business by preventing us from adequately protecting our intellectual property.

Multinational automobile companies usually obtain patent portfolios consisting of basic patents and peripheral patents on improvements and related technologies, thereby creating patent barriers in the industry. At the same time, certain multinational automobile companies also maliciously apply for patents, in order to obtain an unlawful competitive advantage or to directly receive invalid rights and use patents as weapons in litigation. New energy vehicles are emerging products in worldwide markets in recent years, while relevant and related patents in the industry are still in force. Kandi Electric Vehicles may be seriously adversely affected by intellectual property rights barriers through participation in the competitive international automobile market. Therefore, Kandi Electric Vehicles faces risks of patent barriers and intellectual property litigation in the future.

Failures in our overseas business and export trade processes may present a risk of significant losses to our business.

Our automobile product export and overseas operations sections involve import and export currency exchange, insurance, ocean transportation, customs clearance and various other logistical procedures. A loss of trust in any part of the chain can lead to the failure of transactions, which in turn causes huge losses to our enterprise. In the future, the Company will expand its overseas market. An insufficient assessment of the capital strength and commercial credit of its partners, or any fraud in risk prevention and risk control systems may cause economic losses for the Company due to its business partners’ breach of contract or even fraud. In short, the export of Kandi electric vehicles to the United States may have risks in the overseas operation and export trade process.

The developed countries that import our products have strict environmental laws and regulations which may cause us to expend significant sums to comply with such laws and regulations.

The United States and other developed countries have strong awareness of environmental protection and product safety regulations. The penalties for violating environmental laws in such countries are extremely high. Developed countries have mature and highly saturated automobile markets. Costs associated with maintaining controls over atmospheric emissions, harmful toxic substances, and products safety are getting higher in an accelerated manner. The process for a company to obtain the applicable certifications is time-consuming, complicated and expensive. Kandi Electric Vehicles will also face the adverse impact of compliance with policy and regulatory standards in the United States. Thus, Kandi electric vehicles may face the risk of not being able to sustain its business in accordance with US and state environmental protection and product safety policies and regulations.

Our short-term financial performance may suffer due to our investment in expanding our presence and sales in the United States.

Chinese auto products have market competition disadvantages in terms of technology content, product structure, product quality and brand influence. It is difficult to reverse the sentiment of “low quality and low price” that havehas followed Chinese automobiles for a long time, resulting in weakened bargaining power for Chinese auto companies and generally low gross profit margins. In the future, Kandi will expandis expanding into the US market and rely on overseas distributors to establish a marketing network and after-sales service guarantee system. All actions require the Company to invest a certain amount of resources. Additionally electric vehicle sales may face a slow growth period. In a certain period of time, the growth of operating income lags behind the increase in sales inputs. At the same time, the companyCompany cannot predict the direct economic loss caused by an unsatisfactory market expansion caused by the adverse factors of market competition. Cash flows for Kandi Electric Vehicles and SC Autosports may be significantly adversely affected by large investments and small revenues in the short term. Therefore, in the future, there may be a risk that the short-term financial performance indicators will fall due to factors such as the expansion of resources in overseas markets.

Risks Associated With lack of authorized dealer and the absence of after-sales maintenance.

Our electric vehicles in China are mainly directly sold to the online car-hailing platform, not through dealers.

In U.S. market, without authorized dealers, the delivery of EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles may be delayed. Hence customers may delay, reduce or cancel the purchase orders of our EVs and pure electric off-road vehicles, and our business operations may be adversely affected. At the same time, in the absence of after-sales maintenance by the dealers, not only the cost and complexity of maintenance will be increased, it will also affect customers’ access to warranty and other after-sales service support, which may then weaken customers’ confidence in our brand, and we may even encounter potential lawsuits due to lack of support to the customers. This can affect our brand and business, and bring an adverse impact to the financial condition and operating performance of the Company.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

Our stock price may be volatile, which may result in losses for our shareholders.

The stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations. Although our stock was listedhas been trading on the NASDAQ Global Market and upgraded to the NASDAQ Global Select Market onsince January 2, 2014, the trading price of our common stock may be volatile and could fluctuate significantly in response to many factors, including the following, some of which are beyond our control:

Domestic and international stock markets often experience significant price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations, as well as general economic and political conditions unrelated to our performance, may adversely affect the price of our common stock.

Mr. Hu, our CEO, President and Chairman of our Board, is the beneficial owner of a substantial portion of our outstanding common stock, which may enable Mr. Hu to exert significant influence on corporate actions.

Excelvantage Group Limited controls approximately 24.4%16.72% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2018.2021. Hu Xiaoming, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors, is the sole stockholder of Excelvantage Group Limited. Together with the shares held through Excelvantage Group Limited, Mr. Hu controls 27.0%18.7% of our outstanding shares of common stock, which could have a substantial impact on matters requiring the vote of our shareholders, including the election of our directors and other corporate actions. This control could delay, defer or prevent others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change in control, even if these actions would benefit our other shareholders and the Company. This control could adversely affect the voting and other rights of our other shareholders and could depress the market price of our common stock.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends to our common shareholders.

We presently do not anticipate that we will pay dividends on any of our common stock in the foreseeable future. If payment of dividends does occur at some point in the future, it would be contingent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, and general financial condition. The payment of any common stock dividends will be within the discretion of our Board. We presently intend to retain all earnings in order to implement our business plan; accordingly, we do not anticipate the declaration of any dividends for common stock in the foreseeable future.

The limitation of monetary liability against our directors, officers and employees under Delaware Law and the existence of statutory indemnification rights of our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenditures by our company and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers and employees.

Our articlescertificate of incorporation dodoes not contain any specific provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to ourthe Company or shareholders; however, we are prepared to indemnify our directors and officers to the extent provided for by Delaware law. We may also have included contractual indemnification obligations in our employment agreements with our officers. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in the Company incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against its directors and officers, which we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and resultant costs may also discourage ourthe Company from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our shareholders against our directors and officers even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit ourthe Company and shareholders.

We may require additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or other equity securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders.

In the future, we may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including investments or acquisitions that we may decide to pursue. If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure investors that financing will be available, if at all, in amounts or on terms acceptable to us.

Our business is subject to changing regulations related to corporate governance and public disclosure that may increase both our costs and the risk of noncompliance.

Because our common stock is publicly traded, we are subject to certain rules and regulations of federal, state and financial market exchange entities charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded. These entities, including the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and NASDAQ, have issued requirements and regulations and continue to develop additional regulations and requirements in response to corporate scandals and laws enacted by Congress. Our efforts to comply with these regulations have resulted in, and are likely to continue resulting in, increased general and administrative expenses and diversion of management time and attention from revenue -generatinggenerating activities to compliance activities. Because new and modified laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices.

Techniques employed by manipulative short sellers in Chinese small cap stocks may drive down the market price of our common stock.

Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has, supposedly, borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is therefore in the short seller’s best interests for the price of the stock to decline, many short sellers (sometimes known as “disclosed shorts”) publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions or reports regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a stock short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market, on occasion in large scale and broad base.

Short seller publications are not regulated by any governmental, self-regulatory organization or other official authority in the U.S. and are not subject to the certification requirements imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Regulation AC (Regulation Analyst Certification) and, accordingly, the opinions they express may be based on distortions of actual facts or, in some cases, fabrications of facts. In light of the limited risks involved in publishing such information, and the enormous profit that can be made from running just one successful short attack, unless the short sellers become subject to significant penalties, it is more likely than not that disclosed short sellers will continue to issue such reports.

While we intend to strongly defend our public filings against any such short seller attack, often times we are constrained, either by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law (often called “Anti-SLAPP statutes”), or issues of commercial confidentiality, in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller. You should be aware that in light of the relative freedom to operate that such persons enjoy – oftentimes blogging from outside the U.S. with little or no assets or identity requirements – should we be targeted for such an attack, our stock will likely suffer from a temporary, or possibly long term, decline in market price should the rumors created not be dismissed by market participants.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

This item is not applicable to us.

None.Item 2.Properties.

Kandi hashad the following granted land use rights:

Asrights as of December 31, 2018, the net book value of Zhejiang Jinhua Industrial Park’s land use rights pledged as collateral for the Company’s bank loans were $7,756,253.2021:

All land in China is owned by the government and cannot be sold or transferred by or to any individual or private entity. Instead, the government grants or allocates landholders “land use rights.” There are four methods to acquire land use rights:

In comparison with the western common law concepts, granted land use rights are similar to life estates and allocated land use rights are in some ways similar to leaseholds.

Granted land use rights are provided by the Chinese government in exchange for a grant fee and carry the rights to pledge, mortgage, lease, and transfer during the term of the grant. Land is granted for a fixed term, which is generally 70 years for residential use, 50 years for industrial use, and 40 years for commercial or other use. The term is renewable in theory. Granted land must be used for the specific purpose for which it was granted.

Allocated land use rights cannot be pledged, mortgaged, leased, or transferred. They are generally provided by the government for an indefinite period (usually to state-owned entities) and can be reclaimed by the government at any time. Allocated land use rights may be converted into granted land use rights upon the payment of a grant fee to the government.

Kandi has the following real estate properties:

Jinhua City, Zhejiang

The CompanyZhejiang Kandi Technologies owns the following facilities located in Jinhua Industrial Park,New Energy Vehicle Town, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. The table below lists the primary facilities and the status of each facility:facility as of December 31, 2021:

As of December 31, 2018, the net book value of Zhejiang Jinhua Industrial Park’s property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral for the Company’s bank loans were $8,105,419.

Yongkang City, Zhejiang

The CompanyYongkang Scrou owns the following facilities located in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, China. The table below lists the primary facilities and the status of each facility:

Haikou City, Hainan

In December 2015, the Company signed an investment contract with Haikou State High Technology Industry Development Zone to build up the EV production facility in Haikou City to an annual production of 100,000 EV products. Currently, theThe Hainan facility’s main project including manufacturing plant and office, main manufacturing equipment and facilities has been completed.completed and the project completion acceptance is being processed.

Xinyu City, Jiangxi

Jiangxi Huiyi owns the following facilities located in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, China. The table below lists the primary facilities and the status of each facility:

Item 3.Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Except as set forth in Note 2325 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES under Item 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, our management is currently not aware of any legal matters or pending litigation that would have a significant effect on the Company’s results of operation of financial statements. For the detailed discussion of our legal proceedings, please refer to Note 2325 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES under Item 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Other than the above described legal proceedings, the Company is not aware of any other legal matters in which any director, officer, or any owner of record or beneficial owner of more than five percent of any class of voting securities of the Company, or any affiliate of any such director, officer, affiliate of the Company, or security holder, is a party adverse to the Company or has a material adverse interest to the Company. No provision has been made in the consolidated financial statements for the above contingencies.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

On January 2, 2014, our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “KNDI”.

Holders of Common Stock

As of March 8, 2019,10, 2022, there were 3328 shareholders of record of our common stock. This does not include all beneficial holders who hold shares through their brokerage accounts.

Dividends

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. Our policy is to retain all earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our Board may deem relevant.

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

None.On May 14, 2019, the board of directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $20 million worth of the Company’s common stock in open market transactions or in privately negotiated transactions. As previously disclosed, the Company had repurchased a total of 487,155 common shares at an average stock price of $5.09 per share under the repurchase plan. Such repurchase plan expired on December 31, 2019. On December 16, 2020, the board of directors of the Company approved to retire 487,155 shares of its common stock held in treasury, and the retirement was completed as of December 31, 2020.

On December 1, 2021, the board of directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $20 million worth of the Company’s common stock in open market transactions or in privately negotiated transactions. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had repurchased a total of 679,749 common shares at an average stock price of $3.52 per share under the repurchase plan.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

Please see the discussion in Item 12 titled “Equity Compensation Plan Information” below.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2013, through December 31, 2018, of the cumulative total return for our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, and the S&P Automobile Manufacturers Index. Such returns are based on historical results and are not intended to suggest future performance. Data for the NASDAQ Composite Index and the S&P Automobile Manufacturers Index assumes an investment of $100 on December 31, 2013, and reinvestment of dividends. We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock nor do we anticipate paying any such cash dividends in the foreseeable future.Item 6. [Reserved]

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’sItem 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”Operation.

Overview

Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. (“Kandi Technologies) is a Delaware holding company, which is trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. As a holding company with no material operations of our own, we conduct a substantial majority of our operations through our wholly-owned subsidiaries established in the People’s Republic of China, or the PRC, including Zhejiang Kandi Technologies Group, Co. Ltd. (“Zhejiang Kandi Technologies”) and U.S. wholly-owned subsidiaries SC Autosports, LLC (“SC Autosports”) and their subsidiaries.

Originally, our consolidatedprimary business operations consist of designing, developing, manufacturing and commercializing electric vehicle (“EV”) products and EV parts. However, in recent years, some EV enterprises in China are seizing market share at the cost of huge losses. We gradually realized that the EV market of China has not reached a healthy and orderly development stage. Therefore, with our financial statementscondition, it is unwise to participate in this “loss competition” at this stage. We always firmly believe that only with the maturity of changing-battery-model can EV be truly popularized. Since we have advanced EV intelligent battery swap equipment, manufacturing capacity of EV with intelligent battery swap mode and dozens of patented technologies in battery swap, we will continue to improve and perfect in the field of online car hailing with battery swap mode, and will make full efforts when the EV market of China enters a healthy and orderly development stage. Now with the global trend of “fuel to electrification” of off-road vehicles becoming more and more obvious and the related notes included elsewheremarket demand is huge, in 2022, we will apply EV technology to off-road vehicle products and launch a variety of pure electric UTV, NEV, Golf carts and off-road crossover vehicles. We will fully enter the off-road vehicle market utilizing the high-end technology that accumulated by Kandi in the field of EVs over the past years, and strive to achieve a leading position in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.